Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2301 307477 307327 2026-09-08T02:15:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 8 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religion | native_name = {{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام}}}}<br/>{{transliteration|ar|al-Islām}} | image = The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg | caption = [[Kacbada]] ee ku taal [[Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Makka]], [[Sacuudi Carabiya]], oo ah [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]] | type = | main_classification = [[Abrahamic religions|Ibraahimi ah]] | scripture = {{Plainlist| * [[Quraan]] * Sunnada: [[Xadiis]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The saheeh Sunnah is wahy (Revelation) from Allah |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/77243/the-saheeh-sunnah-is-wahy-(revelation)-from-allah |website=islamqa.info |access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref> * Tafsiirka: [[Tafsiir]]<ref>Mir, Mustansir. (1995). "Tafsīr". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> }} | theology = [[Tawhid|Kkudnimada Alle]] | law = [[Sharia]] | philosophy = [[Falsafada Islaamka]] | area = [[Islam by country|Adduunka oo dhan]]<ref name="Global Islam" /> | language = [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Quraanka]] | territory = [[Islamic world]] | founder = [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Maxamed]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Welch |first1=Alford T. |last2=Moussalli |first2=Ahmad S. |last3=Newby |first3=Gordon D. |date=2009 |entry=Muḥammad |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry-url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}</ref> | founded_date = {{circa|610 C.D.}} | founded_place = [[Jabal al-Nour]]<!-- Beginnings are understood to be where Muhammad is said to have received his first ever revelation, which was inside a cave in this mountain --> | number_of_followers = {{est.}} 2 bilyan<ref name="pew2010–2020" /> {{increase}} (oo si gaar ah loogu yeero [[Muslimiin]], halka si wadajir ah loogu yeero {{transliteration|ar|[[Ummah]]}}) | separations = {{Plainlist| * [[Ali-Illahism]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&q=ali%2520illahism&pg=PA216|title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum|last=Layard|first=Austen Henry|date=2010-08-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108016773|page=216|language=en}}</ref> * [[Druze faith]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of American Islam |first=Yvonne |last=Yazbeck Haddad |year=2014 |isbn=9780199862634 |page=142|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> * [[Baháʼí Faith]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Van der Vyer |first=J. D. |year=1996 |title=Religious human rights in global perspective: religious perspectives |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |isbn=90-411-0176-4 |page=449 |url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse |url-access=registration}}</ref> }} }} {{Sidebar with collapsible lists | name = religion sidebar | pretitle = Qayb ka mid ah taxane ku saabsan | pretitlestyle = padding-top:0.8em; | titlestyle = padding-bottom:0.5em; | title = [[Diin]] | listtitlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; font-size:100%; | centered list titles = yes | image = [[File:Icon-religion.svg|200px|class=skin-invert]] | imagestyle = padding-bottom:1em; | listclass = hlist | liststyle = padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.25em; font-size: 11px; | expanded = {{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}} |} | abovestyle = padding:0.5em 2em 0.5em; display:block; background-color: #efefef; | above = {{startflatlist}} * [[Outline of religion|Dulucda]] * [[Index of religion-related articles|Liisaska]] * [[:Category:Religion|Qeybta]] * [[:Category:Indexes of religion topics|Tusaha]] * [[History of religion|Taariikhda diinta]] * [[Portal:Religion|Bogga]] {{endflatlist}} | list1name = religions | list1title = Diimaha | list1titlestyle = padding-top:0.5em; | list1 = {{Sidebar |child |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off | heading1 = [[Abrahamic religions|Diimaha Ibraahimiyeed]] | content1style = padding-top:0.2em; | content1 = * [[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]] * [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]] * [[Islam|Islaamka]] * [[Alawism|Calawiisimka]] * [[Alevism|Alewiisimka]] * [[Azalism|Azaliisimka]]/[[Bábism|Baabiisimka]] * [[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]] * [[Druze Faith|Diinta Duruusta]] * [[Mormonism|Mormooniyadda]] * [[Mandaeism|Mandeiisimka]] * [[Manichaeism|Maniikiisimka]] * [[Rastafari|Rastafariyiinta]] * [[Samaritanism|Samaritaniisimka]] | heading2 = [[Iranian religions|Diimaha Iiraaniga]] | content2style = padding-top:0.2em; | content2 = * [[Yazidism|Yasiidiisimka]] * [[Yarsanism|Yarsaniisimka]] * [[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]] | heading3 = [[Indian religions|Diimaha Hindiya]] | content3style = padding-top:0.2em; | content3 = * [[Hinduism|Hinduugga]] * [[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]] * [[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]] * [[Sikhism| Sikhiisimka]] * [[Bon|Yungdrung Bon]] | heading4 = [[East Asian religions|Diimaha Bariga Aasiya]] | content4style = padding-top:0em; | content4 = * [[Taoism|Taowaysimka]] * [[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]] * [[Shinto|Shinto]] * [[Tian|Tian]] * [[Shangdi|Shangdi]] * [[Hongjun Laozu|Hongjun Laozu]] }} | list2name = schools | list2title = Dugsiyada Fikirka | list2titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list2 = * [[Acosmism|Aakosmisimka]] * [[Agnosticism|Agnostisismka]] * [[Animism|Animisimka]] * [[Antireligion|Diin-diidka]] * [[Apatheism|Apatheisimka]] * [[Atheism|Aqoonsi la'aanta Ilaah / Ateyismka]] * [[Creationism|Abuuristaaniyadda]] * [[Dharma|Dharmismka]] * [[Deism|Deiisimka]] * [[Divine command theory|Aragt Dardaaran Ilaahay]] * [[Dualism in cosmology|Labo-jirnimada]] * [[Western esotericism|Sir-doonka Reer Galbeedka]] * [[Elite religion|Diinta dadka sare]] * [[Exclusivism|Gaar-yeelidda]] * [[Existentialism|Jiritaaniyadda]] ** [[Atheistic existentialism|ateyste]] ** [[Christian existentialism|masiixi]] * [[Feminist theology|Falsafada dumarka]] * [[Fideism|Caqiido-ku-tiirsiga]] * [[Folk religion|Diinta dadweynaha]] * [[Fundamentalism|Aasaas-ku-dhagidda]] * [[Gnosticism|Gnostisismka]] * [[Henotheism|Henotheiisimka]] * [[Hermeticism|Hermetiisimka]] * [[Humanism|Aadmiga-jecleyska]] ** [[Christian humanism|masiixi]] ** [[Religious humanism|diimeed]] ** [[Secular humanism|cilmiyeed]] * [[Ietsism|Ietsismka]] * [[Theological noncognitivism|Ignostisismka]] * [[Inclusivism|Wadajir-yeelidda]] * [[Kathenotheism|Kathenotheiisimka]] * [[Lived religion|Diinta la nool yahay]] * [[Monism|Kow-jirnimada]] * [[Monotheism|Kkudnimada Alle]] * [[Mysticism|Suufiyadda / Sir-raadinta]] * [[Naturalism (philosophy)|Dabiiciyadda]] ** [[Humanistic naturalism|aadmiga]] ** [[Metaphysical naturalism|milyawiga]] ** [[Religious naturalism|diimeed]] * [[New Age|Cаманkii Cusub]] * [[Nonduality (spirituality)|Laba-mid-la'aanta]] * [[Nontheism|Ilaah-la'aanta]] * [[Omnism|Omnisimka]] * [[Pandeism|Pandeiisimka]] * [[Panentheism|Panenteiisimka]] * [[Pantheism|Panteiisimka]] * [[Perennial philosophy|Falsafadda weligeed ah]] * [[Polytheism|Shirkiga / Ilaahyo badan]] * [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]] * [[Shendao shejiao|Shendao shejiao]] * [[Spiritualism (beliefs)|Rux-raadinta]] * [[Shamanism|Shaamanismka]] * [[East Asian religions|Taowayga]] * [[Theism|Ilaah-rumaynta]] * [[Transcendentalism|Sare-u-kacaaniyadda]] * [[Transtheism|Transtheiisimka]] * [[Unitarianism|Mowqifka kow-jirka]] | list3name = concepts | list3title = Fikradaha | list3titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list3 = * [[Afterlife|Aakhiro]] * [[Anthropopathism|Sifaadka bini'aadmiga ee Ilaah]] * [[Apophatic theology|Apophatismka]] * [[Aseity|Iskii-jitaanshaha]] * [[Religious belief|Aaminsanaanta Diinta]] * [[Brahman|Brahman]] * [[Cataphatic theology|Cataphatismka]] * [[Cult|Kooxda diimeed]] * [[Demiurge|Demiurge]] * [[Divine simplicity|Fududeynta Ilaahay]] * [[Eschatology|Qiyaamaha iyo Aakhiro]] * [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|Iftiintinka]] * [[Eternity#God and eternity|Weligiis-jitaanshaha]] * [[Euthyphro dilemma|Muran-weydiintii Euthyphro]] * [[Existence of God|Jiritaanka Ilaahay]] * [[Faith|Iimaan]] * [[Form of the Good|Qaabka Wanaagga]] * [[Gender of God|Jinsiga Ilaahay]] * [[Gnosis|Gnosis]] * [[Holy Spirit|Ruuxa Quduuska ah]] * [[Intelligent design|Naqshadda caqli-gal ah]] * [[Moksha|Xorreynta]] * [[Misotheism|Ilaah-nacaybka]] * [[Miracle|Mucjiso]] * [[Names of God|Magacyada Ilaahay]] * [[New religious movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa diimeed ee cusub]] * [[Omnibenevolence|Naxariista-buuxda]] * [[Omnipotence|Awoodda-oo-dhan]] * [[Omnipresence|Meel-kasta-joogidda]] * [[Omniscience|Cilmiga-oo-dhan]] * [[Pandeism|Pandeistiga]] * [[Personal god|Ilaah shakhsi ah]] * [[Prayer|Dugsi / Baryo]] * [[Problem of evil|Dhibaatada xumaanta]] * [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]] * [[Belief#Religion|Aaminsanaanta diimeed]] * [[Problem of religious language|Luqadda diinta]] * [[Reincarnation|Soo-noqoshada nolosha (Reincarnation)]] * [[Faith|Iimaanka diimeed]] * [[Revelation|Waxyi]] * [[Religious text|Qoraallada diinta]] * [[Soul|Nafta]] * [[Summum bonum|Wanaagga ugu sarreeya]] * [[Tawhid|Kkudnimada Alle]] * [[Theological veto|Diidmada diinta]] * [[Transcendence (religion)|Sare-u-baxa diimeed]] * [[Trinity|Saddex-midnimada]] * [[Creator deity|Ugu sarreeyaha / Abuuraha]] * [[Unmoved mover|Dhaqaajiye aan la dhaqaajin]] * [[Vitalism|Ruuxda nolosha]] * [[Worship|Caabudaad]] | list4name = figures | list4title = Hoggaamiyeyaasha Aasaasaya | list4titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list4= *[[Ciise]] ([[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]) *[[Maxamed]] ([[Islam|Islaamka]]) *[[Ibraahim]] ([[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]]) *[[Siddhartha Gautama]] ([[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]]) *[[Guru Nanak]] ([[Sikhism|Sikhiisimka]]) *[[Mahavira]] ([[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]]) *[[Zoroaster]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]]) *[[Hamza ibn Ali]] ([[Druze|Duruusta]]) *[[Laozi]] ([[Taoism|Taowayga]]) *[[Confucius]] ([[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]]) * [[Baháʼu'lláh]] ([[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]]) | belowclass = plainlist | belowstyle = text-align:center;font-weight:normal; padding:1em 1em 1em; | below = Kani waa [[:Category:Philosophy and thinking sidebar templates|farac]] ka mid ah [[philosophy|falsafadda]]. Si aad u baarto mowduucyada la xiriira, fadlan booqo [[:Category:Religion_and_belief_navigational_boxes|hage-tusaha]]. }} '''Islaamku'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|ɑː|m|,_|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|æ|m}} {{respell|IZ|la(h)m}};<ref>{{cite Cambridge Dictionaries |Islam}}</ref> {{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام|al-Islām}}|al-Islām}}, {{IPA|ar|alʔisˈlaːm|IPA}}, {{lit|hordhaca [ee la xiriira [[ogaanshaha doonista Ilaahay]]]}}}} waa diin [[Abrahamic|Ibraahimi ah]] oo ku saleysan [[Quraan|Quraanka]] iyo [[Sunnah|barashada]] [[Maxamed|Maxamed]]. Diintan [[monotheistic|kwdnimada Alle]] waxay leedahay qiyaastii [[Islam by country|2 bilyan oo raacsan adduunka oo dhan]], oo lagu magacaabo [[Muslims|Muslimiin]]. Islaamku waa [[Major religious groups|diinta labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka]], marka laga reebo [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin inay jirto [[Fitra|iimaan asal ah]] oo la soo waxyooday marar badan iyadoo la sii marinayo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|rusul iyo nabiyo hore]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], waxayna rumeysan yihiin in Islaamku yahay nooca caalamiga ah ee dhameystiran ee [[faith|iimaankan]]. [[File:Birmingham Quran manuscript full.jpg|thumb|Labo [[Folio|bog]] oo ka mid ah [[Birmingham Quran manuscript|Qoraalka Gacanta ee Quraanka ee Birmingham]], oo lagu qoray [[Hijazi script|xarfaha Xijaasiga]] ee [[parchment|harag]] taariikhdiisu tahay int u dhaxaysa 568–645 C.D., iyadoo ku beegan xilligii nolosha Maxamed.]] Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan Quraanka inuu yahay hadalka dhabta ah ee [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] iyo waxyigii ugu dambeeyay ee aan wax laga beddelin. Dhinaca Quraanka, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale rumeysan yihiin [[Islamic holy books|kutubtii hore ee la soo waxyooday]], sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]), ''[[Psalms in Islam|Sabuur]]'' ([[Psalms]]), iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel]]). Waxay rumeysan yihiin in [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] yahay [[Seal of the Prophets|nabiga ugu weyn uguna dambeeya]] ee [[God|Ilaahay]], kaasoo diinta la soo dhameystiray, oo aan ka dib imanayn nabigii cusub ama sharcigii samada ahayn. Barashada iyo tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee Maxamed, oo loogu yeero [[Sunnah]], oo lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin loogu yeero [[Hadith|Xadiis]], ayaa bixiya tusaale dastuuri ah oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Islaamku wuxuu ku saleysan yahay rumaysashada kow-nimada iyo kelinimada Ilaahay ({{Transliteration|ar|[[tawhid]]}}), iyo rumaysashada [[afterlife|aakhiro]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[akhirah]]}}) oo ay ku jirto [[Judgement Day in Islam|Maalinta Qiyaame]]—halkaas oo kuwa suubban lagu abaalmarin doono jannada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jannah]]}}) kuwa xunneydna lagu ciqaabi doono naarta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jahannam]]}}). [[Five Pillars of Islam|Shanta Arкан ee Islaamka]], oo loo arko inay yihiin cibaadooyin [[Fard|waajib ah]], waa shahaadada diinta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[shahada]]}}), salaadaha maalinlaha ah ({{Transliteration|ar|[[salah]]}}), sakada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[zakat]]}}), soonka bisha [[Ramadan]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sawm]]}}), iyo [[pilgrimage|xajka]] loo aado [[Mecca|Makka]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[hajj]]}}). Sharciga Islaamka ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sharia]]}}), wuxuu taabanayaa ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha, laga bilaabo [[Islamic banking and finance|bangiyada iyo maaliyadda]] iyo [[Zakat|gar-gaarka]] ilaa [[Gender roles in Islam|doorka ragga]] iyo [[Women in Islam|doorka dumarka]] iyo [[Islamic ethics#Environmentalism|deegaanka]]. Labada [[Islamic holidays|ci둡 diimeed]] ee ugu waaweyn waa Ciidul Fitri iyo Ciidul Adxa. Saddexda [[holiest sites in Islam|goobood ee ugu barakeysan]] waa [[Masjid al-Haram|Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], iyo [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]]. Islaamku wuxuu ka soo aasaasay Makka qiyaastii 610 C.D. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in tani ay tahay xilligii [[Muhammad's first revelation|Maxamed uu helay waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]]. Waqtigii uu geeriyooday, inta badan [[Arabian Peninsula|Jaziiradda Carabta]] way [[Conversion to Islam|isu rogtay Islaamka]]. Islaamku wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu fiday wixii ka dambeeyay Carabta iyadoo hoos imaneysa [[Rashidun Caliphate|Khulaafadii Raashidiyiinta]] iyo [[Umayyad Caliphate|Khulaafadii Umawiyiinta]]. Labada [[Islamic schools and branches|laamood ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka]] waa [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]] (87–90%) iyo [[Shia Islam|Shiicada]] (10–13%).{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. "Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims."}} Muslimiinta Sunniga iyo Shiicada ah ayaa wada noqda ku dhawaad ​​guud ahaan dadweynaha Muslimka ah ee adduunka, iyadoo qiyaasuhu ka bilaabmaan qiyaastii 1.7–1.8 bilyan oo Sunni ah ilaa 285–300 milyan oo Shiico ah adduunka oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2009-10-07|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Shia Muslim Population – Islamic Research and Information Center (IRIC)|url=https://iric.org/world-shia-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Project on Shi’ism and Global Affairs|url=https://shiism.hds.harvard.edu/|url-status=live|website=Harvard University}}</ref> Inkasta oo [[Shia–Sunni relations|khilaafka Shiicada iyo Sunniga]] uu asal ahaan ka soo bilowday is-afgaranwaa ku saabsan [[succession to Muhammad|dhaxalkii Maxamed]], waxay kor u qaadeen cabbir ballaaran, labada [[Schools of Islamic theology|dhinaca caqiidada]] iyo [[Fiqh|fiqhigaa]]. Ururinta xadiiska suuban ee Sunniga waxay ka kooban tahay [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Kitaab]], halka ururinta xadiiska Shiicada ay ka kooban tahay [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]]. Muslimiintu waxay ka yihiin inta badan dadweynaha 53 dal.<ref name="pew2010–2020">{{cite web |date=June 9, 2025 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}} *{{cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett |author2=Marcin Stonawski |author3=Yunping Tong |author4=Stephanie Kramer |author5=Anne Shi |author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf |access-date=2025-06-10 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref> Qiyaastii 12% Muslimiinta adduunka waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in Indonesia|Indoonisiya]], oo ah dalka ugu dadka badan ee Muslimiinta ah; {{#expr: 100 * 480/1570 round 0}}% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in South Asia|Kooniyada Aasiya]]; 20% waxay ku nool yihiin [[MENA#Religion|Bariga Dhexe iyo Waqooyiga Afrika]]; iyo 15% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa|Afrika ka hooseysa Saharada]]. Muslimiinta sidoo kale waxaa laga helaa [[Islam in the Americas|Ameerikaanka]], [[Islam in China|Shiinaha]], iyo [[Islam in Europe|Yurub]]. Muslimiintu waa [[Muslim population growth|kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraysa adduunka]], taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay [[fertility rate| heerka dhalmada oo sarreeya]] iyo qaab-dhismeedka da'da yar marka loo eego diimaha diimaha kale ee waaweyn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lipka |first=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=2017-04-06 |title=Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2026-09-01 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Islaamka waxaa la saadaalinayaa inuu noqdo diinta ugu weyn adduunka dhammaadka qarniga 21-aad, isagoo ka sarre marinaya Masiixiyadda.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=April 6, 2017 |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pew2015">{{cite report |author=[[Pew Forum|The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life]] |title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211090450/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-date=2020-12-11 |date=2015-04-02 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref><!--Do NOT add citations to the lead, except for material likely to be challenged, per [[MOS:LEADCITE]] ([[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section#Citations)]]. Move unneeded citations to the body.--> == Asalka ereyga{{anchor|Etymology}}<!-- Linked from many articles. If changing the section title, please let this anchor remain unchanged -->== {{See also|Muslims#Etymology}} Luqadda Carabiga, ''Islaam'' ({{langx|ar|إسلام|lit=hordhaca [ee la xiriira Ilaahay]}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of Islam {{!}} Dictionary.com |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.dictionary.com |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509110220/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Haywood |first=John |title=Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (AD 600 - 1492) |publisher=Barnes & Noble, Inc. |year=2002 |isbn=0-7607-1975-6 |edition=1st |location=Spain |pages=3.13 |language=en}}</ref> waa magaca fal-galeedka [[wikt:أسلم#Arabic|Foomka IV]] ee ka soo jeeda falka {{lang|ar|سلم}} ({{transliteration|ar|salama}}), ka soo jeeda [[Semitic root|xididka saddex-xarafle ah]] {{lang|ar|س-ل-م}} ({{transliteration|ar|[[Š-L-M|S-L-M]]}}), kaas oo sameeya fasal weyn oo erayo ah oo badankood la xiriira fikradaha dhiibin-hoosaadka, badbaadada, iyo nabadgelyada.<ref name="Lane-Lexicon-4">{{cite book |last=Lane |first=Edward William |author-link=Edward William Lane |title=An Arabic-English Lexicon |volume=4 |chapter=Siin |url=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907230044/http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-date=2011-09-07 |via=[[The Study Quran|StudyQuran]] |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref> Macnaha diimeed, waxay tilmaamaysaa u dhiibashada buuxda ee doonista [[God|Ilaahay]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Barnard |last2=Churchill |first2=Buntzie Ellis |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi |title=Islam: The Religion and The People |publisher=Wharton School Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-13-223085-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi/page/8 8]}}</ref> Ereyga ''[[Muslims|Muslim]]'' ({{lang|ar|مُسْلِم}}), oo ah erayga loogu talagalay qofka raaca Islaamka,<ref name="Lexico-Muslim">{{cite dictionary |title=Muslim |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913192608/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-date=2019-09-13 |dictionary=[[Lexico]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2020 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en-GB }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |date=20190913192608 }}</ref> waa [[Participle|falka firfircoon]] ee isla nooca falka, oo macneheedu yahay "dhiibtiye (Ilaahay)" ama "qof u hoggaansamaya (Ilaahay)". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khabiirka [[Quranic studies|barashada Quraanka]] [[Mohsen Goudarzi]] wuxuu ku dooday in Quraanka ereyga ''[[dīn]]'' uu ka dhigan yahay "[[worship|cibaado]]", ''islām'' uu ka dhigan yahay "[[monotheism|kwdnimada]]" iyo ''muslim'' uu ka dhigan yahay "muwaahid / qof kelinimada Alle rumeeyay".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goudarzi |first=Mohsen |date=2023-08-01 |title=Worship (dīn), Monotheism (islām), and the Qurʾān's Cultic Decalogue |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006/html |journal=Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=30–71 |doi=10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006 |issn=2474-8420|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Gudaha [[Hadith of Gabriel|Xadiiska Jibriil]], ''Islaam'' waxaa lagu soo bandhigay inuu yahay hal qayb oo ka mid ah saddaxleey oo ay ku jirto {{transliteration|ar|[[Iman (Islam)|imān]]}} (iimaan), iyo {{transliteration|ar|[[Ihsan|ihsān]]}} (fududeyn / ixsaan).{{sfnp|Esposito|2000|pp=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76 76–77]}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahmutćehajić |first=Rusmir |url=https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm |title=The mosque: the heart of submission |publisher=[[Fordham University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8232-2584-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm/page/n104 84] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Islaamka laftiisa ayaa taariikh ahaan loogu yeeri jiray [[Mohammedan|''Mohammedanism'' (Maxamediyad)]] gudaha [[English-speaking world|dunida Ingiriiska ku hadasha]]. Eraygan wuxuu ka baxay isticmaalka waxaana mararka qaarkood la sheegaa inuu yahay [[Religious offence|dhaawac diimeed]], maadaama uu tilmaamayo in bini'aadam, halkii uu ka noqon lahaa Ilaahay, uu yahay kan udub-dhexaadka u ah diinta Muslimiinta.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| last = Gibb| first = Sir Hamilton| title = Mohammedanism: an historical survey|isbn=9780195002454| year = 1969| page=1 | quote=Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.}}</ref> == Tiirarka iimaanka == {{Main|Aqidah|Iman (Islam)|l2 = Iman}} [[caqiidada]] Islaamku (''[[aqidah]]'') waxay u baahan tahay rumaysashada lix tiir: Ilaahay, malaa'igta, waxyiga, nabiyada, [[Day of Resurrection|Maalinta Qiyaamaha]], iyo qadarinta masiirka.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality|publisher=New World Library|pages=68–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&pg=PA68|editor-first=Joel|editor-last=Beversluis|year=2011|isbn=9781577313328|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022948/https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ilaahay === [[File:Istanbul,_Hagia_Sophia,_Allah.jpg|thumb|[[calligraphy|Qoraal gacmeedka]] qarnigii 19-aad oo muujinaya magaca [[Allah|Alle]] ee ku yaal [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]] {{Main|God in Islam}} Fikradda udub-dhexaadka u ah Islaamka waa ''[[Tawhid|tawḥīd]]'' ({{langx|ar|توحيد|link=no}}), oo ah kelinimada Ilaahay. Badanaa waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay ''monotheism sax ah'', laakiin sidoo kale waa [[panentheism|panentheistic]] ku dhex leh barashada suufiga Islaamka.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |title=Tawhid |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107041300/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Gimaret|first=D.|year=2012|c=Tawḥīd |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7454}}</ref> Ilaahay waxaa loo arkaa mid aan la barbar dhigi karin oo aan lahayn tiro dad ah sida ku jirta [[Christian Trinity|Saddex-midnimada Masiixiga]], oo tiro u nisbeynta Ilaahay ama sifooyinka Ilaahay oo loo nisbeeyo dad kale waxaa loo arkaa shirk, oo lagu magacaabo [[Shirk (Islam)|''shirk'']]. Sidaas darteed, Muslimiintu ma aha [[iconodule]]s mana u nisbeeyaan qaabab Ilaahay. Ilaahay halkaas waxaa lagu sifeeyaa oo loogu yeeraa dhowr [[Names of God in Islam|magac ama sifooyin]], kan ugu caansan waa ''Ar-Rahmān'' ({{lang|ar|الرحمان}}) oo macneheedu yahay "Naxariis-guud", iyo ''Ar-Rahīm'' ({{lang|ar|الرحيم}}) oo macneheedu yahay "Naxariis-gaar ah" kuwaas oo laga baryo bilowga inta badan Suuradaha Quraanka.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Kecia |title=Islam : the key concepts |date=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |last2=Leaman |first2=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-39638-7 |location=London |oclc=123136939}}</ref>{{sfnp|Campo|2009|p=34|loc="Allah"}} Magaca tooska ah ee Carabiga ee Ilaahay, ''[[Allāh]]'' (الله), oo ah eray aan lahayn [[plural|wadar]] ama [[gender|jinsi]], ayaa sidoo kale si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa luqadaha kale ee Muslimiinta iyo Masiixiyiinta iyo Yuhuuda Carabiga ku hadla si ay ugu tixraacaan Ilaahay, halka ''{{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[ʾilāh]]}}'' ({{lang|ar|إله}}) uu yahay eray loo isticmaalo ilaah ama ilaah guud ahaan.<ref>{{cite web |title=God |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |access-date=18 December 2010 |website=Islam: Empire of Faith |publisher=[[PBS]] |archive-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034958/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in abuurista wax kasta oo ku jira [[universe|caalamka]] la keenay iyada oo la raacayo amarka Ilaahay sida lagu muujiyay erayada, "[[Be, and it is|Aabo, oo wuu noqdaa]],"<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|2|117|b=yl}}</ref> iyo in [[Meaning of life|ujeeddada jiritaanka]] ay tahay in la caabudo Ilaahay.<ref>Leeming, David. 2005. ''The Oxford Companion to World Mythology''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-195-15669-0}}. p. 209.</ref> Waxaa loo arkaa ilaah shakhsi ah oo wax dhexdhexaadin ah, sida [[clergy|wadaaddada]], looma baahna si loo gaaro xiriir lala yeesho Ilaahay. Wacyigelinta Ilaahay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[taqwa]]. === Malaa'igta === [[File:Rashid al-Din Tabib - Jami al-Tawarikh, f.45v detail - c. 1306-15.png|thumb|Maxamed oo helaya [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] oo uga imaanaya malaa'igta [[Gabriel]], oo ka socda qoraal gacmeedka [[Jami' al-tawarikh|Jami' al-Tawarikh]] ee uu qoray [[Rashid al-Din Hamadani|Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]], lagu daabacay [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]], 1307 C.D.]] {{Main|Angels in Islam}} Malaa'igta (keligood: {{langx|ar|ملك|link=no}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|malak}}'') waa makhluuqaad lagu sifeeyay Quraanka{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=23}} iyo xadiiska.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay u abuuran yihiin inay caabudaan Ilaahay iyo inay sidoo kale ka shaqeeyaan waajibaadyo kale oo gaar ah sida gudbinta [[revelation|waxyiga]] ee ka yimid Ilaahay, diiwaangelinta ficilada qof kasta, iyo qaadashada [[soul|nafta]] qofka waqtiga dhimashada. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay si kala duwan uga abuurmeen 'iftiin' ([[Nūr (Islam)|''nūr'']])<ref name="Encyclopedia-Nur">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nūr |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423085030/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-date=2022-04-23 |encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |via=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |language=en |access-date=2026-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|last1=Hartner, W.|last2=Tj Boer |year=2012 |c=Nūr |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0874}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Elias |first=Jamal J. |year=2003|c=Light |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00261}}</ref> ama 'dab' (''nār'').<ref>{{harvc |last=Campo |first=Juan E. |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nar |c=Nar |in=Martin |year=2004}}. – via [[Encyclopedia.com]].</ref><ref>{{harvc|last=Fahd, T. |year=2012 |c=Nār |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0846}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Toelle |first=Heidi |year=2002 |c=Fire |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00156}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|McAuliffe|2003|p=45}}</ref> Malaa'igta Islaamka waxaa badanaa lagu matalaa [[Anthropomorphism|qaabab bini'aadamnimo]] oo ay ku jiraan sawirro [[supernatural|cajiib ah]], sida baalal, oo ah kuwa aad u waaweyn ama xidhan dhar janno.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|pp=97–99}}<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=26–28}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Webb |first=Gisela |c=Angel |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|last1=MacDonald, D. B.|last2=Madelung, W. |year=2012 |c=Malāʾika |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}}{{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0642}}</ref> Sifooyinka caadiga ah ee malaa'igta waxaa ka mid ah inaysan lahayn baahiyo jir iyo rabitaanno, sida cunidda iyo cabidda.{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|p=140}} Qaarkood, sida [[Gabriel|Jibriil]] iyo [[Michael (archangel)|Miikaa'il]], ayaa magacyadooda lagu xusay Quraanka. Malaa'igtu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan suugaanta ku saabsan [[Isra and Mi'raj|Mi'raajka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu kula kulmo dhowr malaa'igood intii uu ku jirsaday safarkiisa samada.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Malaa'ig dheeraad ah ayaa badanaa lagu muujiyay [[Islamic eschatology|qiyaamaha]], [[Kalam|cilmiga kalaamka]] iyo [[Islamic philosophy|falsafada Islaamka]].{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=22}} === Kitaabyada === [[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal gacmeed [[Quran|Quraan]] ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran [[Rehal (book rest)|rehal]], oo ah kursiga kitaabka qudduuska ah, oo lagu hayo [[Reza Abbasi Museum]] ee [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].]] {{Main|Islamic holy books|Quran|Wahy}} {{See also|History of the Quran}} Kitaabka quduuska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa [[Quran|Quraanka]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka uu Maxamed u soo waxyooday Ilaahay, iyada oo la sii marinayo [[archangel|malaa'igta]] Jibriil, marar badan inta u dhaxaysa 610 C.D.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022949/https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo 632, sanadkii uu geeriyooday Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu Maxamed noolaa, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray [[Muhammad's companions|saxaabtiisa]], inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee gudbinta uu ahaa af ahaan iyada oo la adeegsanayo [[Hafiz (Quran)|xifdinta]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=[[Society for Asian Music|Asian Music]] |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Quraanku wuxuu u qaybsamaa 114 suuradood (''[[sūrah]]'') oo ka kooban wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood (''[[ayah|āyāt]]''). Suuradaha hore ee taariikh ahaan, ee lagaga soo waxyooday [[Mecca|Makka]], waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha ruuxiga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee [[Medina|Madiina]] ay ka hadlaan arrimo bulsho iyo sharci oo khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah. Qareennada Muslimiintu waxay la tashadaan xadiiska ('warka'), ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Maxamed, si ay labadaba u taageeraan Quraanka oo ay uga caawiyaan tafsiirkiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka iyo tafsiirka Quraanka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[tafsir]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019035210/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimadiisa diimeed, Quraanka waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay si weyn inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican [[Arabic literature|suugaanta Carabiga]],<ref>{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=[[Charles E. Tuttle Company]]|year=1994|page=1|title=The Koran|quote="Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence."|isbn=1842126091}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=[[Allen & Unwin]]|year=1956|quote="It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it."|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}</ref> wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo luqadda Carabiga.<ref>Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. "Literature and the Quran." In ''[[Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān|Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an]]'' 3. pp. 213, 216.</ref> Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Ilaahay uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo ''[[wahy]]'', oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah kitaabadii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]) iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel in Islam|Injiil]]), ay noqdeen kuwo [[tahrif|la leexiyay]]—ha ahaato tafsiirka, qoraalka, ama labadaba,<ref name="harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5">{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}</ref><ref name="harvp|Peters|2003|p=9">{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}</ref><ref name="610CE">{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=[[Hava Lazarus-Yafeh]]}}</ref> halka Quraanka ({{Lit|Akhrinta}}) loo arko hadalka ugu dambeeya, ee dhabta ah ee aan wax laga beddelin ee Ilaahay.<ref name="Ringgren">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505001543/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487666/Quran |url-status=live }} "The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are [[Quran#Etymology and meaning|two different theories]] about this term and its formation."</ref><ref>{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}</ref>{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}} === Nabiyada === {{Main|Prophets and messengers in Islam|Sunnah|Hadith}} [[File:Medieval Persian manuscript Muhammad leads Abraham Moses Jesus.jpg|thumb|[[Persian miniature|Miniakiyada Faarisiga]] ee qarnigii 15-aad oo muujinaysa [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] oo hoggaaminaya [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] iyo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|nabiyo kale]] salaadda.<ref>{{cite web |title=BnF. Département des Manuscrits. Supplément turc 190 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |access-date=7 September 2023 |archive-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909130407/https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Nabiyada (Carabi: {{langx|ar|أنبياء|label=none|translit=anbiyāʾ}}) waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay doorteen Ilaahay si ay u wacdhiyaan fariin ilaahi ah. Qaar ka mid ah nabiyadan ayaa sidoo kale keena kitaab cusub waxaana loogu yeeraa "rasuul" ({{langx|ar| رسول&lrm;|label=none|translit=rasūl}}).<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=225}}</ref> Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in nabiyadu ay yihiin bini'aadam oo aan ahayn ilaahyo. Dhammaan nabiyadu waxaa la sheegaa inay wacdiyiyeen fariintii asaasiga ahayd ee Islaamka - u dhiibashada doonista Ilaahay - oo ay u direen quruumihii hore, tan ayaana la sheegay inay sabab u tahay isku mid ahaanshaha badan ee u dhexeeya diimaha. Quraanku wuxuu sheegayaa magacyada tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaadka loo tixgeliyo [[prophets in Islam|nabiyada Islaamka]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[David in Islam|Daa'uud]] iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], iyo kuwo kale.<ref name="Schimmel">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |title=Islam |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504201633/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295507/Islam |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reeves |first=J. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |title=Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in scriptural intertextuality |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=90-04-12726-7 |location=[[Leiden]] |page=177 |access-date=21 August 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |url-status=live }}</ref> Sheekooyinka la xiriira nabiyada ee ka baxsan xisaabaadka Quraanka waxaa lagu ururiyaa oo lagu baaraa ''[[Qisas Al-Anbiya|Qisas al-Anbiya]]'' (Sheekooyinka Nabiyada). Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in Ilaahay uu soo diray Maxamed inuu noqdo nabiga ugu dambeeya ("[[Seal of the prophets|khaatumul anbiyo]]") si uu u gaarsiiyo fariinta dhameystiran ee Islaamka.<ref name="Esposito-Islam">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Esposito |first=John L. |author-link=John Esposito |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Islam |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110124812/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |quote=Profession of Faith...affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of Allah, the last and final prophet. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Peters-Allah">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Peters |first=F. E. |author-link=Francis Edward Peters |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Allāh |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926053837/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |quote=[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.' |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Islaamka dhexdiisa, tusaalaha "caadiga ah" ee nolosha Maxamed waxaa lagu magacaabaa ''[[sunnah]]'' (oo macneheedu yahay "jidka la maray"). Muslimiinta waxaa lagu dhiirrigelinayaa inay ku daydaan dabeecadaha akhlaaqda ee Maxamed noloshooda maalinlaha ah, sunnadana waxaa loo arkaa mid muhiim u ah hagidda tafsiirka Quraanka.<ref>{{harvp|Martin|2004|p=666}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Hadith|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=J. Robson}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Sunna|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=D.W. Brown}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Goldman |first=Elizabeth |title=Believers: Spiritual Leaders of the World |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-508240-1 |location=Oxford |page=63}}</ref> Tusaalahan waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa dhaqamo loo yaqaan xadiis, oo ah xisaabaadka erayadiisa, ficilladiisa, iyo sifooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed. [[Hadith qudsi|Xadiiska Qudsi]] waa qayb hoose oo ka tirsan xadiiska, oo loo arko inuu yahay erayada dhabta ah ee Ilaahay ee uu soo xigtay Maxamed oo aan ahayn qayb ka tirsan Quraanka. Xadiisku wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba shay: silsiladda sheekeeyayaasha, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies#Traditional importance of the sanad|''sanad'']], iyo ereyada dhabta ah, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies|''matn'']]. Waxaa jira habab kala duwan oo lagu kala saaro xaqiiqda xadiisyada, iyadoo cabbirka darajada ee badanaa la isticmaalo uu yahay "saxiix" ama "sax ah" ({{langx|ar|صحيح|links=no|translit=[[Authentic hadith|ṣaḥīḥ]]|label=none}}); "xasan" ({{langx|ar|حسن|links=no|label=none|translit=[[Hasan (hadith)|ḥasan]]}}); ama "daciif" ({{langx|ar|ضعيف|label=none|translit=[[Da'if|ḍaʻīf]]}}), iyo kuwo kale. [[Kutub al-Sittah]] waa ururinta lix kitaab, oo loo arko inay yihiin warbixinnada ugu suuban ee [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]]. Waxaa ka mid ah [[Sahih al-Bukhari]], oo ay Sunnidu badanaa u arkaan mid ka mid ah [[Hadith terminology#Terminology relating to the authenticity of a hadith|ilaha ugu suuban]] ka dib Quraanka.<ref>[[Aisha Abd al-Rahman|al-Rahman, Aisha Abd]], ed. 1990. [[Introduction to the Science of Hadith|Muqaddimah Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ]]. Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1990. pp. 160–69</ref> Il kale oo caan ka ah xadiisyada waa [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]], oo ay Shiicadu u arkaan tixraaca xadiiska ee ugu suuban.<ref name="Awliyai-Four-Books">{{cite book |last=Awliya'i |first=Mustafa |title=Outlines of the Development of the Science of Hadith |volume=1 |chapter=The Four Books |url=https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144702/https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-date=2017-09-12 |translator-last=Qara'i |translator-first=A. Q. |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Rizvi-Four-Books">{{cite book |last=Rizvi |first=Sayyid Sa'eed Akhtar |author-link=Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi |title=The Qur'an and Hadith |location=Tanzania |publisher=Bilal Muslim Mission |chapter=The Hadith §The Four Books (Al-Kutubu'l-Arb'ah) |url=https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912191319/https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-date=2017-09-12 |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}</ref> === Soo-noqoshada iyo xukunka === [[File:Chester Beatty T 414 fol 129r Muhammad al-Mehdi.png|thumb|Matxaf qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Maxamed al-Mahdi]]. [[Mahdi|Mahdiga]] waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu soo muuqan doono ka hor [[Eschatology|Waqtiga Dhamaadka]] si uu u soo celiyo cadaaladda oo uu uga adkaado dulmiga iyadoo la kaashanaya [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] ([[Jesus]]).]] {{Main|Islamic eschatology}} Rumaysashada "Maalinta Qiyaame" ama ''[[Qiyamah|Yawm al-Qiyāmah]]'' ({{langx|ar|يوم القيامة|link=no}}) ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ah Muslimiinta. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in waqtiga Qiyaamaha uu hore u qadaray Ilaahay, laakiin uusan aqoon bini'aadamku. Quraanka iyo xadiiska, iyo sidoo kale faallooyinka [[Ulama|culimada]], waxay qeexayaan imtixaannada iyo [[Great Tribulation|dhibaatooyinka]] ka horreeya iyo inta uu socdo Qiyaamaha. Quraanka wuxuu xoogga saarayaa [[universal resurrection|soo-noqoshada jirka]], taasoo ah mid ka duwan fahamkii [[pre-Islamic Arabia|Carabtii hore]] ee dhimashada.<ref>{{harvp|Glassé|2003|loc="Resurrection"|pp=382–383}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012|loc="Avicenna"}}. {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_DUM_0467}}: "Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Sīnā is known in the West as 'Avicenna'."</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Qiyama |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Gardet, L.}}</ref> Maalinta Qiyaame, Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in dhammaan bini'aadamka lagu xukumi doono falalkooda wanaagsan iyo kuwa xun waxaana loo gudbin doonaa [[Jannah|Janno]] ama [[Jahannam|Naar]].<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |editor-link=John Esposito |title=Eschatology |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |via=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |access-date=18 April 2017 |archive-date=13 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913062714/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Quraanku wuxuu ku jira [[Surat al-Zalzalah]] wuxuu tan ku sifeeyaa: "Haddaba qofkii sameeya culays atoore oo wanaag ah wuu arki doonaa. Qofkii se sameeya culays atoore oo xumaan ah wuu arki doonaa." Quraanku [[Islamic views of sin|wuxuu qorayaa dunuub badan]] oo qof ku xukumi kara naar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Quraanku wuxuu caddeynayaa in Ilaahay uu cafiyi doono dunuubta kuwa toobad keena haddii uu doono. Falalka wanaagsan, sida sadaqada, salaadda, iyo naxariista xayawaannada{{sfnp|Esposito|2011|p=130}} waxaa lagu abaalmarin doonaa gelitaanka jannada. Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan jannada meel ay ka buuxaan farxad iyo barako, iyadoo tixraacyada Quraanku ay qeexayaan sifooyinkeeda. Dhaqamada suufiga ah ee Islaamka waxay dhigayaan raaxooyinkan jannada xiriir la leh wacyigelin xamaasad leh oo ku saabsan Ilaahay.<ref>{{harvp|Smith|2006|p=89}}; ''Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World'', p. 565</ref><ref>{{harvc |c=Garden |first=Asma |last=Afsaruddin |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Paradise|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> ''Yawm al-Qiyāmah'' sidoo kale waxaa Quraanka loogu aqoonsaday ''Yawm ad-Dīn'' ({{lang|ar|يوم الدين}} "Maalinta Diinta");<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|1|4|b=y}};</ref> ''as-Sāʿah'' ({{lang|ar|الساعة}} "Saacadda Dambe");<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|6|31|b=y}};</ref> iyo ''[[Al-Qaria|al-Qāriʿah]]'' ({{lang|ar|القارعة}} "Qaylisaada").<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|101|1|b=y}}</ref> === Qadarka === {{Main|Predestination in Islam}} Qaar ka mid ah Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin qadarka ilaahay, ({{langx|ar|القضاء والقدر}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-qadāʾ wa l-qadar}}'') in arrin kasta uu qaddaray Ilaahay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |date=2002 |title=Andras Rajki's A. E. D. (Arabic Etymological Dictionary) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208204654/http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |archive-date=8 December 2011 |access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Cohen-Mor|2001|p=4}}: "The idea of predestination is reinforced by the frequent mention of events 'being written' or 'being in a book' before they happen": Say: "Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us..."</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Karamustafa |first=Ahmet T. |c=Fate |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}: The verb ''qadara'' literally means "to measure, to determine". Here it is used to mean that "God measures and orders his creation".</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Gardet|first=L.|year=2012|c=al-Ḳaḍāʾ Wa 'l-Ḳadar |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0407}}</ref> [[Mu'tazilism|Mu'tasiladu]] iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada Muslimiinta ah ma rumeysna fikraddan.<ref>[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.131-2</ref><ref>[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.132</ref><ref>''Need of Religion'', by Sayyid [[Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi]], p. 14.</ref><ref>''Muslims'', by S. H. M. Rizvi, Shibani Roy, B. B. Dutta, p. 20.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shirazi |first1=Naser Makarem |title=The Justice of God |publisher=Al-Islam.org |url=https://www.al-islam.org/justice-god-naser-makarem-shirazi/issue-predestination-and-free-will |access-date=14 June 2022 |chapter=The Issue of Predestination and Free Will|date=12 May 2015 }}</ref><ref>''Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures'', by Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 137.</ref> Badanaa, rumaysashadan masiirka ilaahay waxaa lagu muujiyaa erayga ''[[Inshallah]]'', ({{langx|ar|إن شاء الله}}, {{transliteration|ar|haddii Alle jiro}}) marka laga hadlayo dhacdooyinka mustaqbalka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muslim beliefs – Al-Qadr |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |access-date=13 November 2020 |publisher=BBC |work=Bitesize – GCSE – Edexcel |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115112558/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Ficilada cibaadada == {{Main|Five Pillars of Islam|Ibadah}} Waxaa jira shan ficil oo cibaado ah oo loo arko inay yihiin [[fard|waajibaad]]–Shahaadada, salaadaha shanta ah ee maalinlaha ah, [[Zakat|sakada]], [[fasting during Ramadan|soonta bisha Ramadaan]], iyo xajka [[Hajj|Hajka]]—oo si wadajir ah loogu yaqaano "Tiirarka Islaamka" (''Arkān al-Islām''). Intaa waxaa dheer, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale sameeyaan ficilo kale oo ikhtiyaari ah oo dhiirrigel leh laakiin aan loo arkin inay yihiin waajibaad.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=ZAROUG|first=ABDULLAHI HASSAN|date=1985|title=THE CONCEPT OF PERMISSION, SUPEREROGATORY ACTS AND ASETICISM &#91;sic&#93; IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=167–180|jstor=20847307|issn=0578-8072|access-date=7 January 2023|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207140013/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|url-status=live}}</ref> === Shahaadada === [[File:Silver Rupee Akbar.jpg|thumb|right|Lacag qalinkii qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Akbar|Akbarkii Weyn]], Boqorkii [[Mughal Empire|Mugalka]], [[India]], oo lagu qoray [[Shahada|Shahaadada]].]] {{Main|Shahada}} [[shahada]]h{{sfnp|Nasr|2003|pp=3, 39, 85, 270–272}} waa [[oath|dhaar]] lagu caddaynayo rumaysashada Islaamka. Qoraalka la ballaariyay waa "{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ʾašhadu ʾal-lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh}}" ({{langx|ar|أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله|label=none}}), ama, "Waxaan qirayaa inuusan jirin [[deity|ilaah]] aan ahayn [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] waxaanuna qirayaa in Maxamed yahay rasuulkii Ilaahay."<ref name="Mohammad-1985">{{cite journal |last=Mohammad |first=Noor |date=1985 |title=The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-law-and-religion_1985_3_2/page/381 |journal=[[Journal of Law and Religion]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=381–397 |doi=10.2307/1051034 |jstor=1051034 |publisher=Journal of Law and Religion, Inc. |language=en}}</ref> Islaamka waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu doodaa inuu leeyahay caqiido aad u fudud iyadoo shahaadadu ay tahay saldhigga diinta ka hartay. Aan-Muslimiinta raba inay [[Conversion to Islam|soo islaamaan]] waxaa looga baahan yahay inay ku dhawaaqaan shahaadada hortooda markhaatiyaal.<ref>{{harvc |last=Kasim |first=Husain |year=2004 |c=Islam |pp=195–197 |in=Salamone}}</ref><ref name="Galonnier-2021">{{cite book |last=Galonnier |first=Juliette |editor-last=van Nieuwkerk |editor-first=Karin |title=Moving In and Out of Islam |chapter=Moving In or Moving Toward? Reconceptualizing Conversion to Islam as a Liminal Process |location=New York |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2021 |pages=44–66 |doi=10.7560/317471-003 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023001/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}</ref> === Salaadda === [[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|thumb|[[Muslims|Muslimiin]] tukanaya ([[salah]]) gudaha [[Egypt]] waxaa alifay [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1865.]] {{Main|Salah}} {{See also|Mosque|Jumu'ah}} Salaadda Islaamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[salah|as-salaad]] ({{langx|ar|الصلاة|link=no}}), ama erayga [[Persian language|Faarisiga]] ee ah "Namaz." Waxaa loo arkaa xiriir shakhsi ah oo lala leeyahay Ilaahay, waxayna ka kooban tahay ku celcelinta qaybo la yiraahdo [[rakat|rakco]] oo ay ku jiraan [[Ruku|rukooc]] iyo [[Sujud|sujuud]] loo sujuudayo Ilaahay. Waxaa jira shan salaadood oo la cayimay maalintii oo dhan kuwaas oo loo arko waajibaad. Salaadaha waxaa lagu akhriyaa luqadda Carabiga waxaana lagu fuliyaa [[Qibla|dhanka]] [[Kaaba|Kacbada]]. Ficilku sidoo kale wuxuu u baahan yahay xaalad nadiif ah oo diimeed oo lagu gaaro hababka [[wudu|weysada]] ama, xaaladaha qaarkood, qubays buuxa oo [[ghusl|qubays ah]].<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=18, 19}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Hedayetullah|2006|pp=53–55}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Kobeisy|2004|pp=22–34}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Momen|1987|p=178}}</ref> [[mosque|Masaajidka]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano masjid ama namazgah, waa [[places of worship|goob cibaado]] oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Inkasta oo ujeeddada ugu weyn ee masaajidku ay tahay inuu u adeego meel salaadeed, sidoo kale waa xarun bulsho oo muhiim u ah [[ummah|bulshada Muslimka ah]]. Tusaale ahaan, [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], wuxuu sidoo kale u adeegi jiray hoy ay degaan dadka saboolka ah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mattson |first=Ingrid |year=2006 |title=Women, Islam, and Mosques |pages=615–629 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America |series=Volume 2, Part VII. Islam |editor1=R. S. Keller |name-list-style=and |editor2=R. R. Ruether |place=Bloomington and Indianapolis |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-34687-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&pg=PA615 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&pg=PA615#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Minaret|Minaarooyinku]] waa munaarooyin loo isticmaalo in lagu yeero [[adhan|aanka]], kaas oo ah yeedhid afka ah oo lagu calaamadinayo waqtiga salaadda.<ref name="Pedersen-Masjid-2010">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Pedersen |first1=Johannes |last2=Hillenbrand |first2=Robert |last3=Burton-Page |first3=John |author-link3=John Burton-Page |title=Masd̲j̲id |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2010 |doi=10.1163/9789004206106_eifo_COM_0694 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |title=Mosque |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928065350/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |url-status=live }}</ref> === Sakada === [[File:Slot at the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II 1.jpg|thumb|Meel lagu bixiyo sakada oo ku taal [[Zawiya of Moulay Idris II]] ee [[Fez, Morocco]].]] {{Main|Zakat}} {{See also|Sadaqah}} [[Zakat|Sakada]] ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|زكاة|translit=zakāh|label=none}}), waa nooc ka mid ah [[Alms|Sadaqada]] oo lagu garto bixinta qayb go'an (2.5% sanadkii)<ref name="Ahmed-Gianci-2005">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Ahmed |first1=Medani |last2=Gianci |first2=Sebastian |title=Zakat |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy |editor1-last=Cordes |editor1-first=Joseph J. |editor2-last=Ebel |editor2-first=Robert D. |editor3-last=Gravelle |editor3-first=Jane |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Urban Institute Press |year=2005 |page=479 |isbn=978-0877667520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m66_BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA479 |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}</ref> ee [[Financial capital|hantida la ururiyay]] ay bixiyaan kuwa awoodda u leh si ay u caawiyaan dadka saboolka ah ama baahan, sida xoraynta maxaabiista, kuwa [[bonded labor|dayn ku jira]], ama safarka ku ah, iyo kuwa loo shaqaaleysiiyo ururinta sakada. Waxay u shaqaysaa sidii nooc ka mid ah [[welfare spending|gar-gaar bulsheed]] oo ka jira bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ariff |first=Mohamed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&pg=PA55 |title=The Islamic Voluntary Sector in Southeast Asia: Islam and the Economic Development of Southeast Asia |publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] |year=1991 |isbn=978-981-3016-07-1 |pages=55– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023007/https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&&pg=PA55 |url-status=live }}</ref> Waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad diimeed oo ay dadka ladani ku leeyihiin kuwa baahan sababtoo ah hantidooda waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timid nimcada Ilaahay,<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2010|p=109–110}}: This is not regarded as charity because it is not really voluntary but instead is owed, by those who have received their wealth as a trust from God's bounty, to the poor.</ref> waxaana loo arkaa daahirinta hantida dheeraadka ah ee qofka.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = RoutledgeCurzon| isbn = 9780415297967| title =Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present.| location = United Kingdom| year = 2003| last=Ridgeon| first=Lloyd| url = | page = 258|quote=Aside from its function of purifying believers' wealth, the payment of zakat may have contributed in no small way to the economic welfare of the Muslim community in Mecca.}}</ref> Wadarta guud ee sanadlaha ah ee lagu bixiyo sakada ayaa ah 15 jeer ka badan deeqaha gargaarka bini'aadamnimada ee adduunka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo qiyaaso taxaddar leh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 2012 |title=A faith-based aid revolution in the Muslim world |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114014900/https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sadaqah|Sadaqadu]], si ka duwan Sakada, waa sadaqo ikhtiyaari ah oo aad loo dhiirrigeliyo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Said |first=Abdul Aziz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&pg=PA145 |title=Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-77011-8 |page=145 |display-authors=etal |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023121/https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&pg=PA145 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/72 72]}} [[Waqf|Waaqfeku]] waa [[charitable trust|kalsooni samafal]] oo joogto ah, taas oo maalgelisa isbitaallada iyo dugsiyada bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=A. |title=Equity and Trusts |year=2003 |edition=3rd |page=32 |location=London |publisher=Cavendish Publishing |isbn=1-85941-729-9}}</ref> === Soonta === [[File:Iftar for Ramadhan.jpg|thumb|Munaasabadda afurka, oo loo yaqaan ''[[Iftar]]'', waxaa dhaqan ahaan lagu bixiyaa [[date (fruits)|timir]].]] {{Main|Fasting in Islam}} {{See also|Fasting during Ramadan}} Islaamka dhexdiisa, soonta ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|صوم|translit=ṣawm|label=none}}) waxay mamnuucaysaa cuntada iyo cabitaanka, iyo sidoo kale noocyada kale ee isticmaalka, sida [[Smoking in Islam|sigaar-cabista]], waxaana la fuliyaa laga bilaabo waaberiga ilaa qorrax-dhaca. Inta lagu jiro bisha [[Ramadan]], waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad saaran Muslimiinta inay soomaan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramadan |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009215438/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |url-status=live }}</ref> Soontu waxay dhiirrigelisaa dareen u dhowaanshaha Ilaahay iyadoo qofku is celinayo dartii Ilaahay wixii kale ee bannaan iyo in laga fikiro kuwa baahan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira maalmo kale, sida [[Day of Arafah|Maalinta Carafo]], marka soontu ay tahay ikhtiyaari.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher =Tughra Books | isbn = 9781597846110| title = Fasting In Islam And The Month Of Ramadan| location = United States| year =2006 | last=Ramadanali| url = |page=51 | quote = }}</ref> === Xajka === {{Main|Hajj|Umrah}} {{See also|Holiest sites in Islam}} [[File:A packed house - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Xujeyda intii lagu jiray xilli [[Hajj|Hajka]] ee [[Masjid al-Haram]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Saudi Arabia|Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]].]] [[pilgrimage|Xajka]] Islaamka, ee loo yaqaan {{transliteration|ar|ALA|ḥajj}} ({{langx|ar|حج|link=no}}), waa in la qabtaa ugu yaraan hal mar nolosha qof kasta oo Muslim ah oo awood u leh inta lagu jiro [[Islamic calendar|bisha Islaamka]] ee [[Dhu al-Hijjah]]. Caadooyinka Hajku waxay inta badan ku daydaan sheekada qoyska [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Dr Zakir |author-link=Zakir Naik |date=7 January 2025 |title=What Are the Pillars of Islam? |url=https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115054332/https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-date=2025-11-15 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Islampidia |language=en-AU}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Five Pillars of Islam |url=https://localhost:5000/learn/educators/curriculum-resources/art-of-the-islamic-world/unit-one/the-five-pillars-of-islam |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026}}</ref> [[Mecca|Makka]], xujeydu waxay toddobo jeer ku wareegaan [[Kaaba|Kacbada]], oo ay Muslimiintu rumeysan yihiin inuu dhisay Ibraahim meel cibaado ah, waxayna toddobo jeer u dhexeeyaan buuraha [[Safa and Marwa|Safa iyo Marwa]], iyagoo xusuusanaya tallaabooyinkii xaaska Ibraahim, [[Hagar]], oo u raadinaysay biyo ilmahaheedii [[Ishmael in Islam|Ismaaciil]] ee lamadegaanka ka hor intaan Makka is rogay degmo.<ref>{{harvp|Goldschmidt|Davidson|2005|p=48}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Farah|1994|pp=145–147}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Hajj |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> Xajku sidoo kale wuxuu ku lug leeyahay in la qaato maalin duco iyo cibaado ah oo ka dhacda bannaanada [[Mount Arafat|Carafo]] iyo sidoo kale [[Stoning_of_the_Devil|tuurista shaydaanka]] si calaamadaysan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F.E. |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |date=2009 |isbn=978-1-4008-2548-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&pg=PA19 |page=20 |publisher=Princeton University Press |access-date=7 October 2014 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023112/https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Dhammaan ragga Muslimiinta ah waxay xidhaan laba maro oo cad oo fudud oo aan tol lahayn oo loo yaqaan [[Ihram clothing|ixraam]], kuwaas oo loogu talagalay inay keenaan isku xirnaan jiilal iyo sinnaan ka dhexaysa xujeyda inkasta oo ay jiraan fasal ama asal.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cornell |first=Vincent J. |title=Voices of Islam: Voices of tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5LNUS0ciAAC&pg=PA29 |access-date=26 August 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-98733-6 |page=29}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Glassé|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA207 207]}}</ref> Nooc kale oo xaj ah, [[Umrah|Umrada]], waa ikhtiyaari waxaana la qaban karaa wakhti kasta oo sanadka ka mid ah. Goobaha kale ee xajka Islaamka waa [[Medina|Madiina]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ku geeriyooday, iyo sidoo kale [[Jerusalem|Quddus]], oo ah magaalo ay ku yaalliin nabiyo badan oo Islaam ah waana goobta [[Al-Aqsa|Al-Aqsa]], taas oo ahayd jihadii salaadda ka hor Makka.<ref>{{cite book|author=Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|title=The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades|publisher=Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University|year=1986|isbn=0918720583|editor1=Goss, V. P.|volume=21|page=208|editor2=Bornstein, C. V.|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023032/https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Trofimov-2008">{{cite book |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |author-link=Yaroslav Trofimov |title=The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine |location=New York |publisher=[[Knopf]] |date=2008 |page=79 |isbn=978-0-307-47290-8 |language=en}}</ref> === Ficilada cibaadada ee kale === {{See also|Quran#Recitation|Dua|Dhikr}} [[File:Men reading the Koran in Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria.jpg|thumb|Rag Muslimiin ah oo akhrinaya Quraanka gudaha [[Umayyad Mosque|Masjidka Umawiyiinta]] ee [[Damascus]], [[Syria]].]] Muslimiintu waxay akhriyaan oo xifdiyaan Quraanka oo dhan ama qaybo ka mid ah si ay u noqdaan camal wanaagsan. [[Tajwid|Tajwiidku]] wuxuu tilmaamayaa xeerar taxane ah oo loogu talagalay [[elocution|akhriska saxda ah]] ee Quraanka.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = | isbn = | title = Foundation of Tajweed| location = | year = 2013|edition=2| last=Aboo Yahyaa| url = | page = 1 | quote = }}</ref> Muslimiin badan ayaa akhriya Quraanka oo dhan inta lagu jiro bisha Ramadaan.{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/42 42–43]}} Qofka xifdiyay Quraanka oo dhan waxaa loo yaqaanaa Xaafid ("xifdiyey"), xadiisyaduna waxay xusayaan in shakhsiyaadkani ay awood u yeelan doonaan inay shafeecaan dadka kale Maalinta Qiyaamaha.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=my7hnALd_NkC|page=70}} 70]}} Baryada Ilaahay, oo Carabiga lagu yiraahdo {{Transliteration|ar|DIN|duʿāʾ}} ({{langx|ar|دعاء}}&nbsp;{{IPA|ar|dʊˈʕæːʔ|IPA}}) waxay leedahay anshaxeedii gaarka ahaa sida [[Raising hands in dua|gacmaha oo la taago]] sidii iyadoo la baryayo.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Brill| isbn = 9789004335523| title = The Quṣṣāṣ of Early Islam| location = Netherlands| year = 2016| last=Armstrong| first=Lyall| url = | page = 184| quote = }}</ref> Xuska Ilaahay ({{langx|ar|ذكر|translit=Dhikr'|label=none}}) wuxuu tilmaamayaa erayada lagu celceliyo ee tixraacaya Ilaahay. Sida caadiga ah, tan waxaa ka mid ah Tahmiid, oo lagu dhawaaqayo [[Alhamdulillah|ammaan oo dhan waxaa leh Ilaahay]] ({{langx|ar|الحمد لله|translit=al-Ḥamdu lillāh|label=none}}) inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la dareemayo mahadnaq, [[Tasbih|Tasbiix]], oo lagu dhawaaqayo weyneynta Ilaahay inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la cajabo shay oo la dhaho '[[Basmala|bismillaah]]' ka hor intaan la bilaabin ficil sida cuntada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=alhamdulillah |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227042540/https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 27, 2020|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Lexico}}</ref> == Taariikhda == {{Main|Taariikhda Islaamka}} {{For timeline|Timeline of the history of Islam}} {{See also|List of Muslim empires and dynasties}}{{multiple image | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 600 | image1 = Masjid Nabawi The Prophet's Mosque, Madina.jpg | image2 = Jerusalem DomeoftheRock J65 (cropped).JPG | footer = Bidix: [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], Sacuudi Carabiya, waa [[holiest sites in islam|goobta labaad ee ugu barakeysan]] ee Islaamka. Maxamed laftiisa ayaa ku lug lahaa dhismaha masjidka, iyo [[Green Dome|Qubbadiisa Cagaaran]] waa halka lagu aasay. Midig: [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]] waa goobta saddexaad ee ugu barakeysan ee Islaamka, halkaas oo Maxamed uu uga kacay samada intii uu socday [[Isra' and Mi'raj|Isra' iyo Mi'raaj]]. Goobtu waxay ahayd jihadii hore ee salaadda ([[qibla]]), halkaas oo Muslimiintu ay horay ugu tukan jireen ka hor intaan jihada loo beddelin [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]] ka dib waxyi soo gaaray Maxamed. | caption1 = | caption2 = }} === Maxamed iyo bilowgii Islaamka (570–632) === {{Main|Muhammad|Muhammad in Islam}} {{for timeline|Timeline of early Islamic history}} {{Further|Muhammad in Mecca|Early social changes under Islam|First Islamic state}} [[File:Hira_Cave.jpg|thumb|[[Jabal al-Nour]] u dhow [[Mecca|Makka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ka helay [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] ee ku jiray godka Xira.]] Sida ku xusan dhaqanka Islaamka, Maxamed wuxuu ku dhashay [[Mecca|Makka]] sannadkii 570 [[Common Era|C.D.]] wuxuuna noqday agoon caruurnimadiisii. Isagoo ku koray ganacsade ahaan, wuxuu noqday mid loo yaqaan "[[Amin (name)|amin (mid la isku halayn karo)]]" ({{langx|ar|الامين}}) waxaana la doonayay inuu noqdo garsoore dhexdhexaad ah. Intuu ka dib guursaday shaqaalihiisii, haweeneydii ganacsatada ahayd ee [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadiija]].{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=6}} Sannadkii 610 C.D., isagoo dhibsaday hoos u dhaca akhlaaqda iyo shirkiga ka jiray Makka isla markaana raadinaya gooni-isu-taag iyo fikir ruuxi ah, Maxamed wuxuu u baxay Godka Xira ee buurta [[Jabal al-Nour]], oo u dhow Makka. Wuxuu ahaa intii uu ku sugnaa godka halkaas oo la sheegay inuu [[Muhammad's first revelation|helay waxyigii ugu horreeyay]] ee [[Quran|Quraanka]] oo uga yimid malaa'igta [[Gabriel|Jibriil]].<ref name="610CE" /> Dhacdadii bixitaankii Maxamed ee godka iyo waxyigii xigay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Night of Power|Leylatul Qadr]] waxaana loo arkaa dhacdo muhiim ah taariikhda Islaamka. Intii lagu guda jiray 22-kii sano ee ka dambeeyay nolosha, laga bilaabo da'da 40 wixii ka dambeeyay, Maxamed wuxuu sii waday helitaanka waxyiga Ilaahay, isagoo noqday kii ugu dambeeyay ama [[Seal of the prophets|nabigii ugu dambeeyay]] ee loo diray bini'aadamka.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Muhammad |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> [[File:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg|thumb|Maxamed oo la muujiyay waji daboolan oo jooga [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] laga soo qaatay [[Siyer-i Nebi]], {{Circa|1595}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ottomans : religious painting |url=http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/ottoman33.html |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>]] Inta lagu jiro xilligan, [[Muhammad in Mecca|halka uu joogay Makka, Maxamed]] wuxuu ku wacdiyay marka hore si qarsoodi ah ka dibna si cad, isagoo ka baryaya dhegaystayaashiisa inay ka tagaan [[Arab polytheism|shirkiga]] oo ay caabudaan hal Ilaah. Qaar ka mid ah [[Early Muslims|Muslimiintii ugu horreysay ee soo islaamtay]] waxay ahaayeen dumar, saboolka, ajaanibta, iyo addoommada sida mu'adinkii ugu horreeyay [[Bilal ibn Rabah|Bilaal bin Rabaax]].<ref>Rabah, Bilal B. ''[[Encyclopedia of Islam]].''</ref> Dadka waaweyn ee Makka waxay dareemeen in Maxamed uu [[Early social changes under Islam|khalday nidaamkooda bulsho]] isagoo ka wacdiyaya hal Ilaah oo siinaya fikrado laga shakiyo saboolka iyo addoommada sababtoo ah waxay faa'iida ka helayeen xajka sanamyada Kacbada.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ünal |first=Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&pg=PA1323 |title=The Qurʼan with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English |publisher=Tughra Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-59784-000-2 |pages=1323– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024048/https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&pg=PA1323#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|p=36}}</ref> Ka dib 12 sano oo ah [[Persecution of Muslims by Meccans|dhibaataynta Muslimiinta ay u geysanayeen dadkii Makka]], Maxamed iyo [[Companions of the Prophet|sahabbadiisii]] waxay sameeyeen [[Hegira|Hijradii]] 622 ee magaalada Yathrib (magaalada Madiina ee maanta). Wuxuu halkaas ka Aasaasay [[First Islamic state|Dowladdii Islaamiga ahayd ee ugu horreysay]] oo ay la socdaan Muslimiintii Madiina (''[[Ansar (Islam)|Ansaarta]]'') iyo muhaajiriintii Makka (''[[Muhajirun|Muhaajiriinta]]''). [[Constitution of Medina|Dastuurkii Madiina]] waxaa saxiixay dhammaan qabiilooyinkii Madiina. Tani waxay aasaastay xorriyadda diinta iyo xorriyadda isticmaalka sharcigooda u gaarka ah ee ka dhex jiray bulshooyinka Muslimka ah iyo kuwa aan Muslimka ahayn hammi ah in Madiina laga difaaco khataraha dibadda.{{sfnp|Serjeant|1978|p=4}} Ciidamadii Makka iyo xulafadoodii waxay guuldarro ka soo gaartay Muslimiinta [[Battle of Badr|Dagaalkii Badar]] 624 ka dibna waxay dagaalameen dagaal aan la isla ogayn oo ka dhacay [[Battle of Uhud|Dagaalkii Uxud]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Peter Crawford |title=The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |page=83 |publisher=Pen & Sword Books Limited |isbn=9781473828650 |date=2013-07-16 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023957/https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |url-status=live }}.</ref> ka hor intaanay ku guuldarraysan inay hareereeyaan Madiina [[Battle of the Trench|Dagaalkii Khandaq]] (Maarso–Abriil 627). Sannadkii 628, [[Treaty of al-Hudaybiya|Heshiiskii Xudeybiya]] ayaa la kala saxiixday Makka iyo Muslimiinta, laakiin waxaajabiyay Makka laba sano ka dib. Markii qabiilo badan ay islaameen, jidadkii ganacsiga ee Makka waxaa gooyay Muslimiinta.<ref>{{harvp|Peters|2003|pp=78–79, 194}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|pp=23–28}}</ref> Markaatay ahayd 629 Maxamed wuxuu ku guuleystay [[conquest of Mecca|furashadii Makka]] ee aan dhiiggu ku daadan, iyo waqtigii uu geeriyooday 632 (da'da 62) wuxuu midaysiiyay qabiilooyinkii Carabta]] hal qaran oo diimeed. === Islaamkii Hore (632–750) === {{Further|Succession to Muhammad|Early Muslim conquests}} {{See also|Ghadir Khumm|Saqifa|Canonization of Islamic scripture}} [[File:Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg|thumb|Expansion of the Caliphate{{legend|#a1584e|Muhammad, 622–632}}{{legend|#ef9070|Khulafo Al-Raashidiin, 632–661}}{{legend|#fad07d|Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750}}]] Nabi Maxamed wuxuu geeriyooday sanadkii 632 waxaana khulafadii ugu horreysay ee loo yaqaan Khulafo – Abu Bakr, Cumar, Cuthmaan, Cali iyo marmar Xasan bin Cali<ref>{{Cite book| last1 = Melchert| first1 = Christopher| date = 2020| contribution = The Rightly Guided Caliphs: The Range of Views Preserved in Ḥadīth| editor1-last = al-Sarhan| editor1-first = Saud| title = Political Quietism in Islam: Sunni and Shi'i Practice and Thought| location = London and New York| publisher = I.B. Tauris| isbn = 978-1-83860-765-4| pages = 70–71| contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=96TDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63| access-date = 17 February 2022| url-status = live}}</ref> – looga yaqaan Islaamka Sunniga ah ''al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn'' ("Khulafadii Hagaysa").{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=40}} Qaar kamid ah qabiilooyinka ayaa Islaamka ka tagay oo ka inkiiray madax sheegtay in ay yihiin nebiyo cusub balse Abu Bakr wuxuu ku jebiyey dagaalladii Riddada.<ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=57}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Hourani|2002|p=22}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=32}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Madelung|1996|p=43}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Ṭabāṭabāʼī|1979|pp=30–50}}</ref> Bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee Yuhuudda iyo Nasaarada asaliga ah, ee loo haystay dad laga tirada badan yahay oo diinaysan loona culeysiyay canshuuraha, ayaa inta badan ka caawiyey Muslimiinta inay qabsadaan dhulkooda,{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=38}} taasoo keentay in khilaafaddu ay si degdeg ah ugu ballaarato boqortooyooyinkii Saasaniyiinta iyo Biisantiinta.<ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=74}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=J. Kuiper |first=Matthew |title=Da'wa: A Global History of Islamic Missionary Thought and Practice |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9781351510721 |page=85}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira M. |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-521-51430-9 |pages=60–61 |author-link=Ira M. Lapidus}}</ref> Cuthmaan waxaa la doortay 644 waxaana dilkiisii uu kiciyey in Cali loo doorto Khaliifkii xigay. Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Koowaad, xaaskii Nebiga, Caashaa, waxay soo saartay ciidan ka soo horjeeda Cali, iyada oo isku dayaysa inay u aarto dhimashadii Cuthmaan, balse waa lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Geela. Cali wuxuu isku dayay inuu xilka ka qaado guddoomiyihii Suuriya, Mucaawiya, kaas oo loo arkayay musuqmaasuq. Mucaawiya ayaa markaas dagaal ku dhawaaqay Cali waana lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Sifeyn. Go'aanka Cali ee ahaa inuu dhex-dhexaadin sameeyo ayaa ka caraysiiyey Khawaarijta, oo ahayd koox xagjir ah, kuwaas oo qabay in aan la dagaallamin qof dembiile ah awgeed, Cali uu isna noqday dembiile. Khawaarijtu way caasiyoobeen waxaana lagu jebiyey Dagaalkii Nahrawan balse nin Khawaariji ah ayaa gadaal ka dilay Cali. Wiilkiii Cali, Xasan bin Cali, ayaa loo doortay Khaliif wuxuuna saxiixay heshiis nabadeed si looga fogaado dagaal kale, isaga oo xilka uga degay Mucaawiya si uusan Mucaawiya u soo magacaabin qof beddela.{{sfnp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=67–72}} [[File:Almuñécar, statue of Abd al-Rahman I.jpg|thumb|Taallo ay leedahay Cabduraxmaan I oo ku taal Almuñécar, Isbayn. Islaamku wuxuu gaaray Galbeedka Yurub 711 AD, markii Ṭariiq bin Siyaad uu galay Jasiiradda Iberia. Sanadkii 756, Cabduraxmaan wuxuu aasaasay Imaaradda Cordoba, isagoo ka aasaasay dowlad Islaami ah oo madaxbannaan al-Andalus.]] Mucaawiya wuxuu bilaabay Saldanaddii Umawiyiinta isagoo u magacaabay wiilkiisii Yaziid inay isku xigaan, taasoo dhalisay Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Labaad. Intii uu socday Dagaalkii Karbala, Xuseen bin Cali, wiilka labaad ee Cali iyo awowgii nebiga, waxaa si arxan darro ah u dilay ciidamadii Yaziid; dhacdadii waxaa sannad walba xusaa Muslimiinta Shiicada ah ilaa maanta. Sunniga, oo uu hoggaaminayo Ibn al-Zubayr oo kasoo horjeeda khilaafad dhaxal ah, ayaa lagaga adkaaday Go'doomintii Makka. Khilaafyadan hoggaanka ayaa keenay inuu dhasho khilaafka Sunni-Shiicada,{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harney |first=John |date=3 January 2016 |title=How Do Sunni and Shia Islam Differ? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/q-and-a-how-do-sunni-and-shia-islam-differ.html |access-date=4 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyadoo Shiicadu ay aaminsan tahay in hoggaanku uu leeyahay qoyskii Nebiga (Ahl al-bayt).{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}} Hoggaankii Abu Bakr wuxuu kormeeray bilowgii ururinta Qur'aanka. Khaliifkii Cumar bin Cabdicasiis wuxuu dhisay guddigii, Todobadii Fuqaha ee Madiina,{{sfnp|Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr|2012|p=505}}<ref>''Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz'' By Imam Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam died 214 AH 829 C.E. Publisher Zam Zam Publishers Karachi, pp. 54–59</ref> waxaana Malik bin Anas uu qoray mid ka mid ah buugagii ugu horreeyay ee ku saabsan fiiqhiga Islaamka, ''Muwatta'', oo ahayd is-afgarad ku saabsan aragtida culimadaas.{{sfnp|Coulson|1964|p=103}}<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last1=Houtsma |editor-first1=M.T. |editor-last2=Wensinck |editor-first2=A.J. |editor-last3=Lévi-Provençal |editor-first3=E. |editor-last4=Gibb |editor-first4=H.A.R. |editor-last5=Heffening |editor-first5=W. |series=Volume V: L—Moriscos |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1993 |edition=reprint |isbn=978-90-04-09791-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va6oSxzojzoC |pages=207– |access-date=19 September 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor=Moshe Sharon |title=Studies in Islamic History and Civilization: In Honour of Professor David Ayalon |year=1986 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789652640147 |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_wUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA264 |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Khawaarijtu waxay aaminsanaayeen in uusan jirin dhexdhexaad la tanaasuli karo oo u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo xumaanta, iyo in muslim kasta oo gala dembi weyn uu noqonayo gaal. Erayga "Khawaarij" waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday in lagu tilmaamo ISIS.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mamouri|first=Ali|date=8 January 2015|title=Who are the Kharijites and what do they have to do with IS?|work=Al-monitor|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2015/01/islamic-state-kjarijites-continuation.html|access-date=6 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Murji'ah waxay barayeen in dadka toosan lagu xukumi karo Eebbe kaligii. Sidaa darteed, dembiilayaasha waxaa loo arki karaa inay marin habaabeen, laakiin aan lagu tilmaamin gaalo.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=43}} Dabeecaddan ayaa timid inay ku guulaysato caqiidada Islaamka ee ugu weyn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}}[[File:BalianofIbelin1490.jpg|thumb|Saliibiyiinta oo ku wareejinaya Qudus Muslimiinta sanadkii 1187 AD.]] Saldanaddii Umawiyiintu waxay qabsatay Maqrib, Jasiiradda Iberia, Gallia Narbonensis iyo Sindh.<ref>{{cite book |first=Donald |last=Puchala |title=Theory and History in International Relations |page=137 |publisher=Routledge |year=2003}}</ref> Duullaamadii Islaamka ee hore waxaa lagu tilmaamay imperialism Islaami ah.<ref name="n050">{{cite journal | last=Wright | first=Craig S | title=Arab Colonialism and the Roots of the Golden Age of Islam | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | date=2022 | issn=1556-5068 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.4020040 | url=https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4020040 | access-date=2026-04-24 | page=}}</ref> Umawiyiintu waxay la halgamayeen l'aynaansho sharci ah waxayna ku tiirsanaayeen ciidan aad loo taageero.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=45}} Maaddaama canshuurta Jizya ay ahayd canshuur ay bixiyaan kuwa aan muslimka ahayn oo ka reebayay adeegga ciidanka, Umawiyiintu waxay diideen inay aqoonsadaan islaam-gelitaanka kuwa aan Carabta ahayn, maadaama ay yaraynaysay dakhliga.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Iyadoo Khilaafadii Raashidiintu ay adkaysay adduunyo la'aanta, iyadoo Cumar uu xitaa dalbanayo in la tiriyo hantida sarkaal kasta,<ref>{{cite book |first1=Ahmad Ibn Jabir|last1=Al-Biladhuri |first2=Philip|last2=Hitti|title=Kitab Futuhu'l-Buldan|page=219 |publisher=AMS Press |year=1969}}</ref> raaxada Umawiyiinta ayaa dhalisay qancin la'aan dadka diinta ku adag.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Khawaarijtu waxay hoggaamiyeen Kacdoonkii Berber, taasoo horseeday dowladaha ugu horreeya ee Islaamka oo ka madax bannaan Khilaafada. Kacdoonkii Cabbasiyiinta, kuwa aan Carabta ahayn ee soo islaamay (Mawla), qabiilooyinkii Carabta ee ay Umawiyiintu meesha ka saareen, iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada ayaa midoobay oo riday Umawiyiinta, iyaga oo bilaabay Cabbasiyiinta oo caalami ah sanadkii 750.{{sfnp|Lewis|1993|pp=71–83}} === Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka (786–1258) === {{Further|Hadith studies|Islamic philosophy}} {{See also|Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe|Turco-Persian tradition}} [[File:Al-Risalah_al-Dhahabiah.JPG|thumb|Bog ka mid ah Al-Risala al-Dhahabiyya ee Imam Ali al-Rida (809 AD), oo ah tii ugu qiimaha badnayd ee shaqooyinka Islaamka ee Sayniska Caafimaadka. Waxaa ku jira qaybo saynis sida Anatomiya, Histoloji, Fisioloji, Kimistari iyo Patoloji intii sayniska caafimaadku uu wali ahaa mid bilow ah.]] Al-Shafi'i wuxuu dejiyay hab lagu xaqiijiyo isku-halaynta xadiiska.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|p=86}} Waagii hore ee Ablaasiyiinta, aqoonyahanno sida Muhammad al-Bukhari iyo Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj waxay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Ahlusunna, halka aqoonyahanno sida Al-Kulayni iyo Ibn Babawayh ay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Shiicada. Astaamaha afar-madhab ee Ahlusunna—Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki, iyo Shafi'i—waxaa lagu tiiriyay dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Abū Ḥanīfa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Malik ibn Anas iyo al-Shafi'i. Taa beddelkeeda, dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Ja'far al-Sadiq waxay dhiseen Fiqhiga Ja'fari. Qarnigii 9aad, Al-Tabari wuxuu dhameystiray qafiskii ugu horreeyay ee Tafsiirka Quraanka, Tafsir al-Tabari, oo noqday mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu xigashada badan Ahlusunna Islaamka. Doobab ka mid ah Muslinka waxay ka fekereen ka-sallamaaynta nolosha duniyeed waxayna xoogga saareen saboolnimada, is-hoosaysiinta, iyo fogaanta dambiga ee ku basada diidmada rabitaanka jidhka. Zuhuudka sida Hasan al-Basri waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaq dib u zhugnaaday tasawwuf ama Sufi.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=90, 91}} Waqtigan, dhibaatooyinka fiqiga, gaar ahaan doorashada xorta ah, waxay ahaayeen kuwo si adag loo maareeyay, iyadoo Hasan al-Basri uu qabay in kasta oo Eebbe uu og yahay waxa dadku sameynayaan, wanaagga iyo xintu ay ka yimaadaan isticmaalka qaldan ee doorashada xorta ah iyo Ibliiska.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|pp=38-39}}{{efn|"Hasan al-Basri waxaa inta badan loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah dadkii ugu horreeyay ee diaday asalka malaa'igta ee ibliiska, isagoo ku doodaya in dhicitaankiisu yahay natiijada doorashadiisa xorta ah, oo ma ahan go'aanka Eebbe. Hasan al-Basri wuxuu sidoo kale ku dooday in malaa'igtu aysan awoodin dambiga ama khaladaadka oo ay ka sharaf badan yihiin aadanaha iyo xata cabsida nabiyada. Shiicada iyo Sunnida hore waxay ka soo horjeedeen ra'yigiisa.<ref>Omar Hamdan ''Studien zur Kanonisierung des Korantextes: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs Beiträge zur Geschichte des Korans'' Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 2006 {{ISBN|978-3447053495}} pp. 291–292 (German)</ref>}} Falsafada Caqliga Giriiga waxay dhiirrigelisay dugsi feker oo loo yaqaan Mu'tazila, oo si ka muuqata u dooday fikradda doorashada xorta ah ee uu bilaabay Wasil ibn Ata.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=50}} Khaliif al-Mamun wuxuu ka dhigay caqiido rasmi ah wuxuuna si aan guul lahayn ugu doortay inuu ku qasbo booskan dadka intiisa badan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=88}} Khaliif Al-Mu'tasim wuxuu sameeyay Mihna, iyadoo Ahmad ibn Hanbal oo ilaalinaayay dhaqanka uu si muuqata u diaday inuu waafaqo fikradda Mu'tazila ee ah in Quraanku yahay ku dhacay halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa mid weligeed ah, taas oo ka dhigtay in la jilciyo oo lagu hayo qol madow muddo ku dhow soddon bilood.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Doi |first=Abdur Rahman |title=Shariah: The Islamic Law |location=London |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-907461-38-8 |page=110}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dugsiyada kale ee Kalam—Māturīdism oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi iyo Ash'ari oo uu aasaasay Al-Ash'ari—waxay ahaayeen kuwo si ballaaran loo qaatay. Falsafadyahannada sida Al-Farabi, Avicenna iyo Averroes waxay isku deyeyeen inay waafajiyaan fikradaha Aristotle iyo fundamentiinta Islaamka, iyagoo u dhow Iskolastikada Kiristanka ee Yuubka iyo shaqada Maimonides ee Yuhuudda, halka kuwo kale sida Al-Ghazali ay ka soo horjeedeen habkan oo ugu dambeyntii guuleysteen.<ref>{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=160}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=126–127}}</ref> [[File:Al-Idrisi's_world_map.JPG|thumb|Tabula Rogeriana (1154 AD) ee al-Idrisi, oo ah mid ka mid ah khariidadaha dunida ee ugu horumarsanaa qarniyadii dhexe, oo la sameeyay Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.]] Axdigan inta badan waxaa loo yaqaan Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.<ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=80, 92, 105}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|pp=661–663}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=56}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Lewis|1993|p=84}}</ref><ref name="harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012">{{harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012}}</ref> Guulaha sayniska Islaamku waxay samaysteen qaybo badan oo maadooyin ah sida caafimaadka, xisaabta, astronomiga, iyo beeraha iyo sidoo kale fisigiska, dhaqaalaha, injineernimada iyo optigga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=King |first=David A. |year=1983 |title=The Astronomy of the Mamluks |journal=Isis |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=531–55 |doi=10.1086/353360 |s2cid=144315162 | issn=0021-1753}}</ref><ref name="Hassan-1996">{{cite book |last=Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y. al-Hassan |title=Islam and the Challenge of Modernity |chapter=Factors Behind the Decline of Islamic Science After the Sixteenth Century |editor-last=Al-Attas |editor-first=S. S. |editor-link=Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization |year=1996 |pages=351–399 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ854295.pdf|title=Contributions of Islamic scholars to the scientific enterprise|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The greatest scientific advances from the Muslim world|website=TheGuardian.com|date=February 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/feb/01/islamic-science|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Avicenna wuxuu ahaa horyaal ku saabsan caafimaadka tijaabada ah,<ref>Jacquart, Danielle (2008). "Islamic Pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Theories and Substances". European Review (Cambridge University Press) 16: 219–227.</ref><ref>David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", Heart Views 4 (2).</ref> oo The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo isticmaalay qoraal caafimaad oo heer sare ah ee dunida Islaamka iyo Yurub qarniyo. Rhazes wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aqoonsaday cudurrada furfuraa iyo jadeecada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx|title=Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes) (c. 865-925)|publisher=sciencemuseum.org.uk|access-date=31 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 Bisha Shanaad 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506072259/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx}}</ref> Cisbitaallada dadweynaha ee waqtigaas waxay bixiyeen shahaadooyinka ugu horreeya ee caafimaadka si loogu ogolaado dhakhaatiirta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alatas |first=Syed Farid |year=2006 |title=From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue |url=https://zenodo.org/record/29439 |journal=Current Sociology |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=112–132 |doi=10.1177/0011392106058837 |s2cid=144509355 |access-date=12 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Imamuddin |first=S.M. |title=Muslim Spain 711–1492 AD |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1981 |isbn=978-90-04-06131-6 |page=169}}</ref> Ibn al-Haytham waxaa loo tixgeliyaa aabaha habka sayniska ee casriga ah iyadoo inta badan loo sheego "saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee runta ah ee dunida", gaar ahaan shaqadiisa optigga.<ref>{{cite journal |author-link=Gerald J. Toomer|first=G. J. |last=Toomer |jstor=228328 |title=Review Work: Matthias Schramm (1963) ''Ibn Al-Haythams Weg zur Physik'' |journal=Isis |volume=55 |issue=4 |date=Dec 1964 |page=464 |quote=Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Al-Khalili |first=Jim |date=4 January 2009 |title=The 'first true scientist' |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gorini |first=Rosanna |date=October 2003 |title=Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision |journal=Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=53–55 |url=http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf |access-date=25 September 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Injineernimada, walaalaha Banū Mūsā aaladdooda turumbada tooska ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ahaan lahayd mashinkii ugu horreeyay ee la barnamijayn karo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Koetsier |first1=Teun |title=On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mechanism-and-machine-theory_2001-05_36_5/page/589 |journal=Mechanism and Machine Theory |date=May 2001 |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=589–603 |doi=10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2 }}</ref> Xisaabta Islaamka, fikradda algorithm waxaa lagu magacaabay Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, oo loo tixgeliyo aasaasaha aljabra, oo lagu magacaabay buugiisa al-jabr, halka kuwo kale ay soo saareen fikradda shaqada (function).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Katz |first1=Victor J. |author1-link=Victor J. Katz |last2=Barton |first2=Bill |title=Stages in the History of Algebra with Implications for Teaching |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-studies-in-mathematics_2007-10_66_2/page/185 |journal=Educational Studies in Mathematics |date=18 September 2007 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=185–201 |doi=10.1007/s10649-006-9023-7 |s2cid=120363574 }}</ref> Dowladda waxay siin jirtay saynisyahannada mushahar u dhigma mushaharka ciyaartoyda xirfadleyda ah ee maanta.<ref>{{harvp|Ahmed|2006|pp=23, 42, 84}}</ref> Guinness World Records wuxuu u aqoonsan yahay Jaamacadda Al Karaouine, oo la aasaasay 859, inay tahay jaamacadda ugu qadiimsan ee bixisa shahaadooyinka dunida.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Young |first=Mark |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofwo1998newy |title=The Guinness Book of Records |year=1998 |page=242 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-57895-9}}</ref> Dad badan oo aan Muslin ahayn, sida Kiristanka, Yuhuudda iyo Saabi'iinta,<ref name="Brague 2009">{{cite book|title=The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam|first=Rémi |last=Brague|year= 2009| isbn=9780226070803| page =164|publisher=University of Chicago Press|quote=Neither were there any Muslims among the Ninth-Century translators. Almost all of them were Christians of various Eastern denominations: Jacobites, Melchites, and, above all, Nestorians... A few others were Sabians.}}</ref> waxay guntadeen ilbaxnimada Islaamka qaybo meelaha ah,<ref name="Hill-1993">{{cite book |last=Hill |first=Donald |author-link=Donald Routledge Hill |title=Islamic Science and Engineering |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=1993 |page=4 |isbn=0-7486-0455-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Brague-Assyrians">{{cite web |last=Brague |first=Rémi |author-link=Rémi Brague |title=Assyrians contributions to the Islamic civilization |url=http://www.christiansofiraq.com/assyriancontributionstotheislamiccivilization.htm |website=Christians of Iraq |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref> iyo machadka loo yaqaan Bayt al-Hikma wuxuu u shaqaaleysiiyay aqoonyahanno Kiristan iyo Faarisi ah si ay ugu turjumaan shaqooyinka luqadda Carabiga iyo si ay u soosaaraan aqoon cusub.<ref name="Meri-Bacharach-2006">{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Meri |editor-first1=Josef W. |editor-link1=Josef W. Meri |editor-last2=Bacharach |editor-first2=Jere L. |editor-link2=Jere L. Bacharach |title=Hadith |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |page=304 |isbn=978-0415966917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MypbfKdMePIC&pg=PA304 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Saliba-1994">{{cite book |last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George Saliba |title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam |location=New York |publisher=New York University Press |year=1994 |pages=245, 250, 256–57 |isbn=0-8147-8023-7 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Cheshm manuscript.jpg|thumb|Anatomiya ee isha oo uu samaystay Hunayn ibn Ishaq, oo mas'uul ka ahaa turjumida Bayt al-Hikma waagii Boqortooyada Ablaasiyiinta, 1200 AD.]]Askartu waxay ka go'een boqortooyadii Ablaasiyiinta waxayna dhiseen khilaafadooda propriyada ah, sida Tulunids oo 868 ku tirsanaa Masar<ref>{{cite book|last=Holt|first=Peter Malcolm|author-link=Peter Holt (historian)|title=The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, 1098–1291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0qLHVGgH7AC&pg=PA8|year=2004|publisher=Pearson Longman|isbn=978-0-582-36931-3|page=6|access-date=2 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo boqortooyada Ghaznavid oo 977 ku tirsanaa Aasiyada Dhexe.<ref>{{cite book |title=Islamic Central Asia: an anthology of historical sources |editor-first1=Scott Cameron |editor-last1=Levi |editor-first2=Ron |editor-last2=Sela |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2010 |page=83}}</ref> Qaybsanaantan waxay keentay Qarnigii Shiicada, oo u dhaxeeyay 945 iyo 1055, oo la arkay kor u kaca dhaqdhaqaaqa Isma'ili Shiicada. Koox Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Fatimid, waxay gacanta ku dhigeen Waqooyiga Afrika qarnigii 10aad<ref>Neue Fischer Weltgeschichte "Islamisierung in Zentralasien bis zur Mongolenzeit" Band 10: Zentralasien, 2012, p. 191 (German)</ref> iyo koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, Qarmatians, waxay boobeen Makka waxayna xadeen Hajar al-Aswad, oo ah dhagaxa ku dhex jira Kacbada, dib-u-jabayntooda aan guulaysan.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Glubb |first=John Bagot |title=Mecca (Saudi Arabia) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mecca#ref887188 |access-date=18 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}</ref> Koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Buyid, waxay qabsadeen Baqdaad waxayna ka dhigeen Ablaasiyiinta boqortooyo magac ah oo kaliya. Boqortooyada Seljuk ee Ahlusunna waxay u dhaqaaqday inay mar kale adkayso Islaamka Ahlusunna iyagoo faafinayay ra'yiyada aqoonyahanada waqtigaas, gaar ahaan dhisidda machadyada waxbarashada ee loo yaqaan Nizamiyyas, oo la xiriira al-Ghazali iyo Saadi Shirazi.<ref>Andreas Graeser ''Zenon von Kition: Positionen u. Probleme'' Walter de Gruyter 1975 {{ISBN|978-3-11-004673-1}} p. 260</ref> Faaftada dunida Muslinka waxay sii socotay iyadoo ergooyinka diinta ay u badaleen Volga Bulgaria Islaamka. Sultanada Delhi waxay gaadhay gudaha qaarad-hoosaadka Hindiya oo kuwo badan ayaa u badalay Islaamka,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=227–228}} gaar ahaan Hinduga heerka hoose ee faracoodu ka kooban yahay inta badan Muslinka Hindiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36220329|title=Why are many Indian Muslims seen as untouchable?|publisher=BBCnews|date=10 May 2016|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Ganacsigu wuxuu keenay Muslin badan oo Shiinaha ah, halkaas oo ay si buuxda u xukumi jireen warshadaha soo dejinta iyo ka deerinta ee boqortooyada Song.<ref>{{cite web |title=Islam in China |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/china_1.shtml |access-date=10 August 2011 |publisher=BBC |url-status=live }}</ref> Muslinka waxaa loo qortay maamulayaal la doortay oo heer sare ah boqortooyada Yuan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lipman|first=Jonathan Newman|title=Familiar Strangers, a history of Muslims in Northwest China|location=Seattle, WA|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-295-97644-0|page=33}}</ref> === Casrigii Ka-horreeyay Casriga Cusub (1258 – Qarnigii 18aad) === {{Further|Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam}} [[File:GhazanConversionToIslam.JPG|thumb|Muuqaal qarnigii 14aad ee Ghazan, oo ahaa boqorkii 7aad ee Ilkhanate ee Boqortooyada Mongol, oo Islaamay.]] Pobalka ganacsiga Muslinka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa tariiqooyinka Sufida dhiigooda,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=125–258}} Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay dhulal cusub<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spread of Islam |url=http://www.yale.edu/yup/pdf/cim6.pdf |access-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Muslinkuna waxay la dhex-galeen dhaqammo cusub. Hoos kaga jirtay Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay Koonfur-bari Yuuroop.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2008 |title=Ottoman Empire |publisher=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&_pos=3 |access-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 Bisha Shanaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525072847/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&_pos=3 }}</ref> Islaamidda inta badan waxay lahayd heer sinkretisam ah,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Islamic and European Expansion |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1993 |editor-last=Adas |editor-first=Michael |location=Philadelphia |page=25}}</ref> sida uu muujinayo muuqaalka Muhammad ee suugaanta dadweynaha ee Hinduga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara |title=Islam in South Asia in Practice |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2009 |page=104}}</ref> Turkida Muslinka ah waxay ku dareen walxaha caqiidada Shamanisamka Turkida Islaamka.{{efn|"Sannadaha dhow, fikradda sinkretisamka waa la dhuftay. Maaddaama ay maqan tahay awood lagu go'aamiyo ama lagu tixgeliyo caqiidada Ortodokska ee ku saabsan Islaamka, aqoonyahannada qaarkood waxay ku doodayaan inaysan jirin caqiidooyinka la qresheeyay, oo kaliya ee la amray habka, Islaamka ka hor qarnigii 16aad.{{sfnp|Peacock|2019|p=20–22}}}}{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|pp=1425–1429}} Muslinka ku jira Boqortooyada Ming ee Shiinaha oo ka soo jeeda soo-galootigii hore waa la la-dhex-galay, mararka qaar shuruuc ku dhiirrigelisa dhex-galka,<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Farmer|editor1-first=Edward L.|title=Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule|date=1995|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004103910|page=82|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCIjZ7l6TX8C&pg=PA82|access-date=19 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> iyagoo qaatay magacyada Shiinaha iyo dhaqanka halka Nanjing uu noqday xarun muhiim ah ee barashada Islaamka.<ref>Israeli, Raphael (2002). ''Islam in China''. p. 292. Lexington Books. {{ISBN|0-7391-0375-X}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dillon |first=Michael |year=1999 |title=China's Muslim Hui Community |publisher=Curzon |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasmuslimhuic00dill |isbn=978-0-7007-1026-3 |page=37 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ndhex-galka dhaqanka wuxuu ahaay mid muuqda iyadoo la yaraysay saamaynta Carabta ka dib burburintii Mongol ee Khilafadii Ablaasiyiinta.<ref>{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=497}}</ref> Khanates-ka Mongol ee Muslinka ah ee ku jira Iiraan iyo Aasiyada Dhexe waxay ka faa'iideysteen kordhinta helitaanka dhaqammada ee Bariga Aasiya oo hoos jirtay xukunkii Mongol sidaas darteed waxay u horumareen oo ay u samaysteen si ka duwan saamaynta Carabta, sida Dib-u-dhalashadii Timurid oo hoos jirtay boqortooyada Timurid.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Subtelny |first=Maria Eva |date=November 1988 |title=Socioeconomic Bases of Cultural Patronage under the Later Timurids |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/socioeconomic-bases-of-cultural-patronage-under-the-later-timurids/2A0F3018EE155F23FC4A7F5F25D7DE6D |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=479–505 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800053861 |s2cid=162411014 |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wuxuu soo bandhigay qaabka xisaabta oo ka dib loo dooday inuu qaatay Copernicus isagoo aan waxba ka badalin qaabkiisa heliocentric-ka,<ref>{{cite web|date=1999|title=Nasir al-Din al-Tusi|publisher=University of St Andrews|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Tusi_Nasir/|access-date=27 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo qiyaasta pi ee Jamshīd al-Kāshī ma aysan dhaafin 180 sano.<ref>{{cite web |date=1999 |title=Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi |publisher=University of St Andrews |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Kashi/ |access-date=29 December 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg|thumb|Mehmed II oo galaya Constantinople.]] Ka dib markii la soo bandhigay hubka baaruda, dawlado waaweyn oo dhawaan xabbada lahaa oo Muslin ah ayaa ku bashqaday boqortooyoyinka baaruda, kuwaas oo hore u kala qaybsanaay dhulal kala duwan. Khilafada waxaa sheegtay boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo sheegashadooda la adkeeyay 1517 markii Selim I uu noqday taliyaha Makka iyo Madiina.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Drews |first=Robert |url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/publications/ |title=Coursebook: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, to the Beginnings of Modern Civilization |date=August 2011 |publisher=Vanderbilt University |chapter=Chapter Thirty – "The Ottoman Empire, Judaism, and Eastern Europe to 1648" |chapter-url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/files/2014/01/Chapter-Thirty.-The-Ottoman-Empire-Judaism-and-Eastern-Europe-to-1648.pdf |access-date=21 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Boqortooyada Shiicada ee Safavid waxay ku korortay awoodda 1501 ka dibna waxay qabsatay dhammaan Iiraan.<ref>Peter B. Golden: An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples; In: Osman Karatay, Ankara 2002, p. 321</ref> Koonfurta Aasiya, Babur wuxuu aasaasay Boqortooyada Mughal.<ref>{{citation|last=Gilbert|first=Marc Jason|title=South Asia in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dhKDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75|year=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-066137-3|pages=75|access-date=15 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Diinta dawladaha ku dhex-jira ee boqortooyoyinka baaruda waxay saamaysay dhaqanka diimeed ee dadkooda ku dhex-jira. Wada-noolaanshaha u dhexeeya taliyayaasha Cusmaaniyiinta iyo Sufinimada wuxuu si adag u saameeyay xukunkii Islaamka ee Cusmaaniyiinta tan iyo bilowgii. Tariiqada Mevlevi iyo Bektashis waxay lahaayeen xiriir dhow oo ay la lahaayeen sultannada,<ref>Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 540</ref> maaddaama noocyada Sufi-suufiyada ah iyo kuwo kale oo sinkretik ah ee Islaamka ay u horumareen si muuqata.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Algar |first=Ayla Esen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fc69BhBDjhwC&q=ottomans+sufism |title=The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, Art, and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey |page=15 |date=1 January 1992 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07060-8 |access-date=29 April 2020 |via=Google Books |url-status=live }}</ref> Badanaa qasabka dhex-galka Safavid ee Iiraan ee Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha ee Boqortooyada Safavid wuxuu xaqiijiyay xukunkii dambe ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Shiicada. Soo-galootiga Faarisiga ah ee Koonfurta Aasiya, maaddaama ay ahaayeen maamulayaal saamayntooda leh iyo milkiilayaal dhul, waxay caawiyeen faafinta Islaamka Shiicada, iyagoo dhisay qaar ka mid ah dadka ugu waaweyn ee Shiicada ee ka baxsan Iiraan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/conversion-iii|title=CONVERSION To Imami Shiʿism in India|publisher=Iranica Online|language=English|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Nader Shah, oo riday Safavids, wuxuu isku deyey inuu wanaajiyo xiriirka Ahlusunna ee Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo la faafinayo dhex-galka Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Ahlusunna sida madhabka shanaad, oo loo yaqaan Ja'farism,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Nadir Shah and the Ja 'fari Madhhab Reconsidered |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=27 |issue=1–4 |date=1994 |pages=163–179 |doi=10.1080/00210869408701825 |jstor=4310891}}</ref> oo ku dhiirran waayay inuu helo aqoonsi ka soo baxa Cusmaaniyiinta.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Nāder Shāh |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nader-shah |date=29 March 2006 |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |access-date=9 March 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Casrigii Casriga Ahaa (Qarniyadii 18aad–20aad) === [[File:Portrait Caliph Abdulmecid II.jpg|thumb|Sawirka Khaliifkii ugu dambeeyay Abdülmecid II, ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, 1923.]] Horey qarnigii 14aad, Ibn Taymiyya wuxuu dhiirrigeliyay qaab daahir ah oo Islaamka ah, isagoo diaday hababka falsafada si uu u doorbido fiqhiga fudud,<ref name="ReferenceA">Mary Hawkesworth, Maurice Kogan ''Encyclopedia of Government and Politics: 2-volume set'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-1-136-91332-7}} pp. 270–271</ref> wuxuuna ugu baaqay in loo furo albaabada ijtihadka halkii indho la'aan loogu dayan lahaa aqoonyahannada.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=150}} Wuxuu ugu baaqay jihad ka dhan ah kuwa uu u tixgeliyay gaalo,{{Refn|group=note|Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} p. 6}} laakiin qoraalladiisu waxay lahaayeen oo kaliya doorkii ugu yaraa intii uu babacayay.{{Refn|group=note|Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri. SUNY Press. pp. 129–130.}} Qarnigii 18aad ee Carabiya, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, oo ay saameeyeen shaqooyinka Ibn Taymiyya iyo Ibn al-Qayyim, wuxuu aasaasay dhaqdhaqaaq loo yaqaan Wahhabism si loo laabto waxa uu u arkay Islaamka aan la badalin.<ref>Donald Quataert ''The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-83910-5}} p. 50</ref> Wuxuu cambaareeyay caadooyinka badan ee maxalliga ah ee Islaamka, sida bisitaynta qabriga Muhammad ama Imamyada Shiicada, maaddaama ay yihiin bidco cusub iyo dambi<ref name="ReferenceE">Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 260</ref> wuxuuna burburiyay dhagaxyada iyo geedaha xurmada leh, goobaha Sufida, Qabuuraha al-Baqi, qabuuraha Muhammad iyo asxaabtiisa iyo Qabriga Imam Husayn, oo ah goob muhiim ah oo loo bisiteeyo Shiicada.{{Refn|group=note|Graves desecrated in Mizdah, Libya Herald, 2013}}{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=146}} Wuxuu dhisay isbahaysi uu la leeyahay qoyska Saud, oo marka la joogo 1920-yadii ay dhammaystireen qabsashadooda dhulka noqon doona Sacuudi Carabiya.<ref name="Musa-2022">{{Cite thesis |title=The Emergence of a Scholar from a Garrison Society: A contextual analysis of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhāb's doctrine in the light of the Qur'ān and Hadīth |url=https://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/id/eprint/2096/ |publisher=University of Wales Trinity Saint David |date=2022-08-23 |degree=masters |language=en |first=Shahajada Md |last=Musa |access-date=19 December 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Nicolas Laos ''The Metaphysics of World Order: A Synthesis of Philosophy, Theology, and Politics'' Wipf and Stock Publishers 2015 {{ISBN|978-1-4982-0102-5}} p. 177</ref> Ma Wanfu iyo Ma Debao waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa salafida qarnigii 19aad sida Sailaifengye ee Shiinaha ka dib markii ay ka soo laabteen Makka laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa dhibay oo lagu qasbay inay dhuuntaan kooxaha Sufida.<ref>{{cite book|first=Barry M.|last=Rubin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA79|page=79|title=Guide to Islamist Movements|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=0-7656-1747-1|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Kooxaha kale waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Sufinimada halkii ay ka diadi lahaayeen, iyagoo Senusiyya iyo Muhammad Ahmad ay labadooduba dagaallameen oo ay dhiseen dawlado ku kala yaalla Liibiya iyo Sudaan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=147}} Hindiya, Shah Waliullah Dehlawi wuxuu isku deyey qaab dib u heshiisiin ah oo ka dhan ah Sufinimada wuxuuna saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=149}} Jawaab ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi, dhaqdhaqaaqa Barelwi waxaa loo aasaasay sida dhaqdhaqaaq dadweyne, iyadoo la difaacaayay Sufinimada caanka ah oo la dib u habaynayay dhaqankeeda.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Canfield |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3JhKNSk8tQC&pg=PAPA131 |title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52291-5 |pages=131– |access-date=1 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanyal |first=Usha |date=23 July 1998 |title=Generational Changes in the Leadership of the Ahl-e Sunnat Movement in North India during the twentieth Century |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/generational-changes-in-the-leadership-of-the-ahle-sunnat-movement-in-north-india-during-the-twentieth-century/8AAAC4CFEFC4F4084731C3964A5CAE84 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=635–656 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X98003059 |via=Cambridge Core |access-date=23 February 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[File:Interior of Al Aqsa Mosque Jerusalem. 1900-1910 (id.22715311).jpg|thumb|Sannadkii 1969 Dabka Masjidka Al-Aqsa, oo sidoo cuali burburiyay Minbarkii Saladin, wuxuu keenay ver-xaasidnimo taabtay dunida Muslinka wuxuuna ahaa kicin muhiim ah oo loo aasaasay Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka.]] Dunida Muslinka waxay guud ahaan ku jirtay hoos u dhac siyaasadeed markii ay bilaabatay 1800-yadii, gaar ahaan marka la barbardhigo awoodaha Yuuroop ee aan Muslinka ahayn. Horey, qarnigii 15aad, Reconquista waxay ku guuleysatay inay dhameeyo joogitaanka Muslinka ee Iberia. Marka la joogo qarnigii 19aad, British East India Company waxay si rasmi ah u qabsatay boqortooyada Mughal ee Hindiya.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=358, 378–380, 624}} Sida jawaab ka dhan ah Imperialisamka Reer Galbeedka, aqoonyahanno badan waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Islaamka.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Buzpinar |first=Ş. Tufan |date=March 2007 |title=Celal Nuri's Concepts of Westernization and Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-eastern-studies_2007-03_43_2/page/247 |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.1080/00263200601114091 |jstor=4284539|s2cid=144461915 }}</ref> Casriyeynta Islaamka, oo markii hore loo bixiyay aqoonyahannada Reer Galbeedka sida Salafiyya, waxay soo dhoweysay qiimayaasha casriga ah iyo machadyada sida demokaraasiyada iyadoo la raacaayo qoraallada diinta. Hogaamiyayaasha muhiimka ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa ka mid ah Muhammad 'Abduh iyo Jamal al-Din al-Afghani.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|pages=231–232}}</ref> Abul A'la Maududi wuxuu caawiyay saamaynta Islaamka siyaasadeed ee casriga ah.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 January 2014 |title=Political Islam: A movement in motion |work=Economist Magazine |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2014/01/political-islam |access-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Wilfred Cantwell |title=Islam in Modern History |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1957 |isbn=0-691-03030-8 |page=233 |author-link=Wilfred Cantwell Smith}}</ref> Sida ku dhow qaanuunka casriga ah, shariicada markii ugu horreysay ayaa qayb ahaan loo qoray shaqo ahaan sannadkii 1869 ku dhex-jirtay koodka Mecelle ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta. Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta waxay dissilftay ka dib Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Dunida, Khilafadii Cusmaaniyiinta waa la joojiyay 1924<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June – 5 July 2000 |title=New Turkey |work=Al-Ahram Weekly |issue=488 |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=16 May 2010 |archive-date=4 Bisha Tobnaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004145229/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm }}</ref> iyo Khilafadii Sharifian ee ka dib waxay u dhacday si doob ah,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=الوطن |first1=جريدة |last2=webmaster |date=2020-05-05 |title="مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح |url=https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=جريدة الوطن |language=ar |url-status=dead |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516230552/https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bani Issa |first=Mohammad Saleh |date=2023-11-01 |title=Factors of stability and sustainable development in Jordan in its first centenary 1921–2021 (an analytical descriptive study) |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=11 |article-number=e20993 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20993 |issn=2405-8440 |doi-access=free|pmid=37928029 |pmc=10623165 |bibcode=2023Heliy...920993B }}</ref> sidaas darteed iyadoo ka tagaysa Islaamka oo aan lahayn Khaliif.<ref name="والخلفاء-2023">{{Cite book |last=والخلفاء |first=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r-5EAAAQBAJ |title=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية والخلفاء |date=2023-03-31 |publisher=Austin Macauley Publishers |isbn=978-1-3984-9251-6 |language=en |access-date=26 December 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> Taageerayaasha Mideynta Islaamka waxay isku deyeyeen inay mideeyaan Muslinka waxayna tartan la galeen awoodaha qarannimada ee korayay, sida Pan-Arabisamka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Doran |first=Michael |title=Pan-Arabism before Nasser: Egyptian power politics and the Palestine question |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford university press |isbn=978-0-19-512361-6 |series=Studies in Middle Eastern history |location=New York Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Landau |first=Yaʿaqov M. |title=The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization |date=1994 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-827709-5 |edition=[Rev. and updated] paperback (with additions and corr.) |location=Oxford}}</ref> Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka (OIC), oo ka kooban waddamada Muslinka ah, waxaa la aasaasay 1969 ka dib gubiddii Masjidka Al-Aqsa ee Qudus.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 December 2010 |title=Organization of the Islamic Conference |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1555062.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Xiriirka la la leeyahay waddamada warshadaha leh wuxuu keenay dadka Muslinka ah dhulal cusub iyada oo loo marayo u-guuritaanka dhaqaalaha. Muslin badan ayaa u guuray sida shaqaale heshiis ku jooga (u badan oo ka yimid Hindiya iyo Indoneesiya) Karibiyaanka, iyagoo dhisay dadka ugu waaweyn ee Muslinka ah inta la joogo boqolkiiba ee Ameerika.<ref>{{sfnp|Haddad|Smith|2002|p=271}}</ref> U-guuritaanka ka yimid Siiriya iyo Lubnaan wuxuu ku soo kordhiyay dadka Muslinka ah ee Laatiin Ameerika.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zabel|first=Darcy|title=Arabs in the Americas: Interdisciplinary Essays on the Arab Diaspora|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2006|isbn=9780820481111|location=Austria|page=5}}</ref> Natiijadii magaalooyinka iyo kordhinta ganacsiga ee Afrika ka hooseysa Saxara waxay keentay Muslinka inay degaan dhulal cusub oo ay faafiyaan diintooda, iyadoo lagu qiyaasay inay laba-laabatay dadkeeda Muslinka ah u dhaxeysa 1869 iyo 1914.<ref>{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=722}}</ref> === Casrigii ee Horumarsanaa (Qarnigii 20aad–Ilaa Hada) === [[File:13. Session of the Islamic Summit Conference.jpg|thumb|Hoggaamiyeyaasha dalalka Islaamka intii uu socday kalfadhigii 2016 ee Shirka Iskaashiga Islaamka ee Istambul, Turkiga. Trikiiba saddex sano, OIC waxay isku brings dhammaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Muslinka.|upright=1.35]] Aabbayaashii casriyeynta Islaamka waxay saameeyeen dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka sida Ikhwaanul Muslimeen iyo xisbiyada la xiriira ee dunida Carabta,<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2011 |title=Are secular forces being squeezed out of Arab Spring? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14447820 |access-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=23 December 2008 |title=Jordanian students rebel, embracing conservative Islam |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/world/middleeast/24jordan.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> kuwaas oo si wanaagsan uga dhex muuqday doorashooyinkii ka dambeeyay Guudkii Carabta,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kirkpatrick |first=David D. |date=3 December 2011 |title=Egypt's vote puts emphasis on split over religious rule |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/world/middleeast/egypts-vote-propels-islamic-law-into-spotlight.html |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Jamaat-e-Islami ee Koonfurta Aasiya iyo Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarinta (AK Party), oo si kemokaraasi ah xukuma Turkiga tobanaan sano. Iiraan, Kacdoonkii Iiraan wuxuu beddelay boqortooyadii laimaaniyadda ee Reer Galbeedku taageerayay iyadoo la dhisay Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah. Kuwa kale sida Sayyid Rashid Rida waxay ka go'een casriyeeyayaasha Islaamka<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|page=237|quote="Prior to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, leading reformers who happened to be Salafi in creed were surprisingly open-minded: although they adhered to neo-Hanbali theology. However, the aftermath of the First World War and the expansion of European colonialism paved the way for a series of shifts in thought and attitude. The experiences of Rida offer many examples... he turned against the Shi'is who dared, with reason, to express doubts about the Saudi-Wahhabi project... . Shi'is were not the only victims: Rida and his associates showed their readiness to turn against fellow Salafis who questioned some of the Wahhabis' religious interpretations."}}</ref> waxayna ka hortageen soo dhowaynta waxa uu u arkayay saamaynta Reer Galbeedka.<ref>{{Cite book|last=G. Rabil|first=Robert|title=Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-62616-116-0|location=Washington DC, US|pages=32–33|quote="Western colonialists established in these countries political orders... that, even though not professing enmity to Islam and its institutions, left no role for Islam in society. This caused a crisis among Muslim reformists, who felt betrayed not only by the West but also by those nationalists, many of whom were brought to power by the West... Nothing reflects this crisis more than the ideological transformation of Rashid Rida (1865–1935)... He also revived the works of Ibn Taymiyah by publishing his writings and promoting his ideas. Subsequently, taking note of the cataclysmic events brought about by Western policies in the Muslim world and shocked by the abolition of the caliphate, he transformed into a Muslim intellectual mostly concerned about protecting Muslim culture, identity, and politics from Western influence. He supported a theory that essentially emphasized the necessity of an Islamic state in which the scholars of Islam would have a leading role... Rida was a forerunner of Islamist thought. He apparently intended to provide a theoretical platform for a modern Islamic state. His ideas were later incorporated into the works of Islamic scholars. Significantly, his ideas influenced none other than Hassan al-Bannah, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt... The Muslim Brethren have taken up Rida's Islamic fundamentalism, a right-wing radical movement founded in 1928,.."}}</ref> Kooxda ISIS waxay xitaa isku deyday inay dib u samayso diinaarkii dahabka ahaa ee casriga ahaa si uu u noqdo pambakooda lacagta. Halka kuwii ka go'ay ay qaarkood ahaayeen kuwa ka gaabsada siyaasadda, kuwo kale waxay rumechsanaayeen dhibaataynta kuwa ka soo horjeeda, xitaa Muslinka kale.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins |title=Isis to mint own Islamic dinar coins in gold, silver and copper |work=The Guardian |date=21 November 2014 |access-date=31 July 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ka hortagga dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka, qarnigii 20aad ee Turkiga, ciidanku waxay sameeyeen afgembiyo si ay xukuumadaha Islaamiga ah uga tuuraan xukanka, sidoo kale xijabka ayaa si sharci ah loo xaddiday, sida ay sidoo kale ka dhacday Tuniisiya.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 April 2011 |title=Huge rally for Turkish secularism |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6604643.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saleh |first=Heba |date=15 October 2011 |title=Tunisia moves against headscarves |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6053380.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dhulalka kale, awoodda diinta ayaa la maamulay iyada oo hadda loo arko puppeto oo ay dawladdu maamusho. Tusaale ahaan, Sacuudi Carabiya, dawladdu waxay keligeed maamushay aqoonta diinta<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 2007 |title=Laying down the law: Islam's authority deficit |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2007/06/28/islams-authority-deficit |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo Masar, dawladdu waxay qarameysay Jaamacadda Al-Azhar, oo hore u ahayd igo madax-bannaan oo xaddida awoodda dawladda.<ref>{{cite book| title = The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought| last1 = Bowering | first1 = Gerhard | last2=Mirza |first2=Mahan |last3=Crone |first3=Patricia| year = 2013 | publisher = Princeton University Press | page=59| isbn = 9780691134840 }}</ref> Salafiyada waxaa dhaqaale lagu siiyay Bariga Dhexe sababtoo ah ka gaabsashadeeda siyaasadda.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 October 2008 |title=Ultraconservative Islam on rise in Mideast |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna27256187 |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=MSNBC |url-status=live }}</ref> Sacuudi Carabiya waxay ololayso ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiga ah ee kacdoonka ah ee Bariga Dhexe, iyadoo ka soo horjeedda Iiraan.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Almukhtar |first1=Sarah |last2=Peçanha |first2=Sergio |last3=Wallace |first3=Tim |date=5 January 2016 |title=Behind Stark Political Divisions, a More Complex Map of Sunnis and Shiites |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/sunni-shiite-map-middle-east-iran-saudi-arabia.html |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tiro yar oo Muslin ah oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha kala duwan ayaa loo dhibay sida koox diimeed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thames |first1=Knox |title=Why the Persecution of Muslims Should Be on Biden's Agenda |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/muslims-islam-china-india-myanmar-persecution-repression-biden-human-rights/ |work=Foreign Policy Magazine |date=6 January 2021 |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Tan waxaa sameeyay xoogagga shuuciga ah sida Khmer Rouge, kuwaas oo u arkayay inay yihiin armigooda koowaad ee la cirbootinayo maaddaama dhaqankooda diimeed uu ka dhigay kuwa ka dhex muuqda dadka kale,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Perrin |first=Andrew |date=10 October 2003 |title=Weakness in numbers |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/archive/6894001/weakness-in-numbers/ |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}</ref> Xisbiga Shuuciga Shiinaha ee Xinjiang<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beydoun |first1=Khaled A. |title=For China, Islam is a 'mental illness' that needs to be 'cured' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/china-islam-mental-illness-cured-181127135358356.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo xoogagga qarannimada sida intii uu socday xasuuqii Bosniya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mojzes |first=Paul |title=Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4422-0663-2|page=178}}</ref> Ciidanka Miyanmaar ee Tatmadaw oo bartilmaameedsanayay Muslinka Rohingya waxaa loogu yeeray dambi ka dhan ah aadamnimada ay sameeyeen Qaraamada Midoobay iyo Amnesty International,<ref>{{cite news |author=Oliver Holmes |date=19 December 2016 |title=Myanmar's Rohingya campaign 'may be crime against humanity' |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/19/myanmars-rohingya-campaign-may-be-against-humanity |url-status=live |access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 December 2016|title=Rohingya abuse may be crimes against humanity: Amnesty|website=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/19/rohingya-abuse-may-be-crimes-against-humanity-amnesty/|access-date=2023-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref> halka Xafiiska Qaraamada Midoobay ee Wakiilka Sare ee Xaqiiqo-raadinta uu ka helay xasuuq, sifeyn qowmiyadeed, iyo dambiyo kale oo ka dhan ah aadamnimada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/MyanmarFFM/Pages/ReportoftheMyanmarFFM.aspx|title=Report of Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar |date=27 August 2018|website=ohchr.org|access-date=14 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Horumarka isgaarsiinta dunida wuxuu teshay faafinta ballaaran ee aqoonta diinta. Qaadashada xijabka waxay noqotay mid ka sii badan<ref>{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=28 January 2007 |title=In Egypt, a new battle begins over the veil |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28slackman.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo aqoonyahanno badan oo Muslin ah waxay si kordhayay isku deyayaan inay ka soocaan caqiidooyinka diinta Islaamka iyo dhaqammada caadiga ah.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=41}} Kooxaha kale dhexdiisa, helitaanka macluumaadka wuxuu keenay kordhinta wacdiyayaasha "televangelist" ee caanka ah, sida Amr Khaled, kuwaas oo kula tartama culumada caadiga ah gaaritaankooda oo ay ka dhigeen awoodda diinta mid aan hal xarun ku dhuftayn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=263}} Sharraxaadaha "gaarka ah" ee Islaamka<ref>V. Šisler: ''The Internet and the Construction of Islamic Knowledge in Europe'' p. 212</ref> waxay si muuqata u dhex-galaan Muslinka Liberaalka ah oo isku deyaya inay waafajiyaan dhaqammada diinta iyo xukunkii laimaaniyadda ee casriga ah,{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=118–119, 179}}{{sfnp|Rippin|2001|p=288}} hab ka mid ah kuwa ay dhaleeceeyeen qaarkood oo ku saabsan waafaqsanaantiisa.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Adams, Charles J.|editor1-last=Esposito|editor1-first=John L.|title=Voices of Resurgent Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen|url-access=registration|date=1983|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen/page/113 113–4] |chapter=Maududi and the Islamic State|quote=[Maududi believed that] when religion is relegated to the personal realm, men inevitably give way to their bestial impulses and perpetrate evil upon one another. In fact it is precisely because they wish to escape the restraints of morality and the divine guidance that men espouse secularism.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Meisami|first=Sayeh|date=2013|title='Abdolkarim Soroush |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0034.xml|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-12 |website=Oxford Bibliographies|language=en}}</ref> Sidoo kale, laimaaniyaddu waxaa loo arkaa fikrad shisheeye oo ay ku soo impose gareeyeen qabsadayaashii oo ay adkeeyeen maamulayaasha ka dambeeyay gumeysiga,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Secularism, State Neutrality, and Islam|author=Abdullah Saeed|encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Secularism|editor1=Phil Zuckerman|editor2=John R. Shook |url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/abstract/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199988457-e-12|year=2017|page=188 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.12|isbn=978-0-19-998845-7|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> oo inta badan loo fahmo inay u dhiganto ka-horjeedda diinta.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Nader Hashemi|title=Secularism|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0714|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> == Tirada Dadka == {{Main|Dunida Muslinka|Ummah}} {{See also|Islaamka waddan ahaan|Koraanka dadka Muslinka ah}} [[File:2020+ Proportion of people in world religions.svg |thumb|Boqolkiiba inta qof ee diimaha dunida. Muslinku waxay ka yihiin dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, taas oo ah tiro yar oo ka hooseysa Masiixiyiinta.<ref name=Pew_20250609>{{cite web |last1=Hackett |first1=Conrad |last2=Stonawski |first2=Marcin |last3=Tong |first3=Yunping |last4=Kramer |first4=Stephanie |last5=Shi |first5=Anne |last6=Fahmy |first6=Dalia |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |publisher=Pew Research Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222070137/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |archive-date=22 February 2026 |date=9 June 2025 |url-status=live |quote=Source: Pew Research Center estimates based on more than 2,700 censuses and surveys. "How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020"}}</ref>]] Marka la joogo 2020, dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, ama dhawaan 2&nbsp;bilyan oo qof, waa Muslin.<ref name="pewresearch.orgReligion">{{Cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |date=21 December 2022 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128120036/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.pewresearch.org-2022">{{Cite web |date=21 December 2022 |title=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205195540/https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|date=27 January 2011|access-date=26 October 2022|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930233955/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | title=Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world | date=9 August 2017 | access-date=19 December 2022 | archive-date=8 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108121140/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Pew-Growth-2017">{{cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |author-link2=Conrad Hackett |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-date=2019-05-14 |website=Fact Tank |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=2017-04-06 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref> Sannadkii 1900, qiyaastani waxay ahayd 12.3%,<ref name="Barrett-2001">{{cite book |last1=Barrett |first1=David B. |last2=Kurian |first2=George T. |last3=Johnson |first3=Todd M. |title=World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World |volume=1: The World by Countries: Religionists, Churches, Ministries |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |page=4 |isbn=978-0195079630 |language=en}}</ref> sannadkii 1990 waxay ahayd 19.9%<ref name="Pew Research Center-2011">{{Cite report |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> iyada oo saadaalintu ay muujinayso in heerku noqon doono 29.7% marka la joogo 2050.{{rp|8}} Ugu kooban uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020 waxay heshay in dadka Muslinka ah ee dunidu ay ahaayeen kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badnayd tobankii sano, inta badan sababtoo ah Muslinku waxay u janjeeraan inay ku yar yihiin da'da oo ay leeyihiin heer dhalmo oo sarreeya—laba walxood oo muhiim ah oo kexeeya koraanka caadiga ah ee dadka.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |page=9|quote=Increases in the global Muslim population are largely due to Muslims having a relatively young age structure and high fertility rate, two characteristics that result in natural population growth.}}</ref>{{rp|9}} Sida ku xuso qiyaasta dadka ee 2020, 65% dadka Muslinka ah waxay ku dhex jiraan toban waddan, iyada oo dadka ugu waaweyni ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, Bangaladeesh, Nayjeeriya, Masar, Iiraan, Turkiga, Sudaan, iyo Aljeeriya, marka loo eego sida ay u kala hooseeyaan. Indoneesiya waxay xarun u tahay ka badan 230,000,000 oo Muslin ah, Bakistaan ka badan 220,000,000, Hindiya ka badan 210,000,000, Bangaladeesh ka badan 150,000,000, Nayjeeriya ka badan 110,000,000, Masar ka badan 100,000,000, Iiraan iyo Turkiga midkiiba ka badan 80,000,000, iyo Sudaan iyo Aljeeriya midkiiba ka badan 40,000,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/muslim-population-change/|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020: 3. Muslim population change|date=9 June 2025|access-date=12 February 2026|website=Pew Research Center}}</ref>[[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Boqolkiiba Muslinka ee dunida waddan ahaan.<ref name="pew2015" />]]Sida ku xuso warbixin ay soo saartay CNN, "Islaamku wuxuu soo jiitay dad soo Islaamay oo ka soo jeeda dhammaan heerarka nolosha, gaar ahaan Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika".<ref>{{cite news |title=Fast-growing Islam winning converts in Western world |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |access-date=6 May 2016 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015114027/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ingiriiska, dhawaan 6,000 oo qof ayaa soo Islaama sannad walba, iyada oo sida ku xuso maqaal ku jira British Muslims Monthly Survey, badanka dadka cusub ee soo Islaama ee Ingiriiska ay ahaayeen dumarka.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |title=British Muslims Monthly Survey for June 2000, Vol. VIII, No. 6 |at=Women convert |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2008-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214160750/http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ku xuso The Huffington Post, "ilaaliyayaashu waxay qiyaasayaan in illaa 20,000 oo Ameerikan ah ay soo Islaamaan sannad walba", badankoodu ay yihiin dumarka iyo Muslinka Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-24 |title=Conversion To Islam One Result Of Post-9/11 Curiosity |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=HuffPost |language=en |archive-date=2021-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111201117/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author-first=Julie |author-last=Bindel |author-link=Julie Bindel |title=Why do Western Women Convert? |url=http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |access-date=8 May 2016 |work=Standpoint |date=26 April 2010 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102003/http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |url-status=live}}</ref> Sidoo kale boqolkiiba iyo tirada guud ahaan, Islaamku waa kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badan dunida, iyadoo la saadaalinayo inay noqoto ta ugu weyn dunida dhamaadka qarniga 21aad, iyadoo ka badanaysa Masiixiyada. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in marka la joogo 2050, tirada Muslinka ay u dhowaan doonto tirada Masiixiyiinta ee dunida, "sababtoo ah da'da yar iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka marka loo barbardhigo kooxaha kale ee diimaha."{{rp|70}} === Xituunta Pew Research === Dhawaan 49 waddan ayaa ah kuwo dadka ugu badan ee ku nooli ay Muslin yihiin,{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|p=11}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ba-Yunus |first1=Ilyas |title=Muslims in the United States |last2=Kone, Kassim |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu/page/n186 172] |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-313-32825-1}}</ref><ref name="Pew-Landscape-2012">{{cite report |author=The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life |title=The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323215026/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-23 |date=December 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Islam in Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia/ |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=Anadolu News Agency |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024349/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Book review: Russia's Muslim Heartlands reveals diverse population |date=21 April 2018 |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |work=The National |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210257/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyada oo 62% Muslinka dunidu ay ku nool yihiin Aasiya, halka 683 milyan oo taabacsan ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, iyo Bangaladeesh keligood.<ref name="Pew-Projections-2050">{{cite web |title=10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207115222/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-date=2017-02-07 |website=Pew Research Center |publisher=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life |date=2015-04-02 |type=Projections table |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Secrets of Islam |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |website=U.S. News & World Report |archive-date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122200555/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |url-status=live }} Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005).</ref>{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|pp=15, 17}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pechilis |first1=Karen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |title=South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today |last2=Raj |first2=Selva J. |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-44851-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&pg=PA193 193] |access-date=3 May 2019 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024331/https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |url-status=live }}</ref> Muslinka Carabta ah waxay samayeeyaan kooxda qowmiyadeed ee ugu weyn Muslinka dhexdeeda ee dunida,<ref name="Nydell-2005">{{cite book |last=Nydell |first=Margaret Kleffner |title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times |edition=4th |location=Yarmouth, Maine |publisher=Intercultural Press |year=2005 |pages=xxiii, 14 |isbn=978-1931930253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024737/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}</ref> waxaa ku xiga Bangaaliyiinta<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Eaton|editor=Barbara D. Metcalf|title=Islam in South Asia in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C|date=8 September 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-3138-8|page=275|chapter=Forest Clearing and the Growth of Islam in Bengal}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&pg=PA50 |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |author1=Meghna Guhathakurta |author2=Willem van Schendel |page=50 |date=30 April 2013 |publisher=Duke University Press |access-date=7 November 2016 |isbn=978-0822353188 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707092408/https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&pg=PA50 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo Bunjaabiinta.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|page=1|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}.</ref> Qiyaasaha badankood waxay muujinayaan in Shiinaha ay ku nool yihiin dhawaan 20 illaa 30 milyan oo Muslin ah (1.5% illaa 2% dadka waddanka).<ref>{{cite web |work=The World Factbook |title=Explore All Countries – China |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |access-date=15 September 2009 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=13 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213122152/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=China (includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet) |website=Archived Content |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710075050/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Islaamka ka jira Yurub waa diinta labaad ee ugu weyn Masiixiyadda ka dib waddamo badan dhexdeeda, iyada oo heerarka koraanka ay inta badan ku yimaadaan soogalootiga iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka ee 2005,<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 December 2005 |title=Muslims in Europe: Country guide |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=29 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929213440/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> taas oo samaynaysay 4.9% dhammaan dadka Yurub ee 2016.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe|date=November 29, 2017|work=Pew Research Center|first=Conrad|last=Hackett|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105202657/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ku xuso Xituunta Pew Research, soo Islaamidda ma laha saameyn weyn oo saafi ah oo ku saabsan koraanka dadka Muslinka ah maadaama "tirada dadka ku soo Islaama diinta ay u dhowdahay inay la mid tahay tirada Muslinka ah ee ka baxda diinta."<ref>{{Cite report |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |section=Conversion |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |section-url=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors/#conversion |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |quote=there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the faith |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211126/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bagse, Islaamku wuxuu ka helayaa faa'iido yar oo ah 3 milyan oo qof marka loo eego isbeddelka diimaha u dhexeya 2010 iyo 2050, inta badan ka timaada Afrika Sub-Sahara (2.9 milyan).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|title=Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.43|access-date=4 May 2016|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150429153811/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|title=The Changing Global Religious Landscape|work=Pew Research Center|date=5 April 2017|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218030628/https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ku xuso uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020, dhawaan 1% dadka waaweyn ee ku soo koray Muslimnimada ayaa ka baxa diinta, halka boqolkiiba la mid ah —dhawaan 1%— ay ka soo Islaamaan diimaha kale, taas oo keenta heer hoose oo isbeddel diimeed ah oo soo gala ama ka baxa Islaamka.<ref name="pew2029">{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US|page=39|quote=Muslims and Hindus have been the least likely to gain or lose adherents from religious switching. About one in every 100 adults raised Muslim (or Hindu) has left their childhood religion, and a similar number from a different religious category have switched into Islam (or Hinduism).}}</ref> Mutaaniqada Islaamka ka baxday waxay u janjeeraan inay u wareegaan diin kale halkii ay ka noqon lahaayeen kuwo aan diin lahayn. == Qaybaha Waaweyn == {{Main|Xiriirka Shiicada iyo Sunnada|Qadiir Khum|Saqiifa|Ciidul Qadiir}} === Matalaadda Qadiir Khum iyo Saqiifa === [[File:Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.162r miniature.jpg|thumb|Magacaabiddii Cali uu Muxammad ku magacaabay Qadiir Khum, 1307 AD fardawsa Ilkhanid.]] Tukhtaan muhiim ah ayaa ka dhacay 632 ee Qadiir Khum, halkaas oo Muxammad, obo yar ka hor dhimashadiisa, uu gacanta ku qabtay Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, uu ka jeediyay khudbad uu ku yiri "Kii aan ahay ''mowlahiisa'', Cali waa ''mowlahiisa''."<ref>{{cite book |title=The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam |author-first=Maria Massi |author-last=Dakake |year=2007 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791470336 |author-link=Maria Massi Dakake}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Veccia Vaglieri|first=L.|date=2012|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|section=G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm|publisher=Brill|access-date=July 14, 2023|isbn=9789004161214|archive-date=14 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714174420/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfnp|Campo|2009|pp=257–258}} Ereyga mowla wuxuu leeyahay macnayaal kala duwan oo ku xiran xaaladda, oo ay ku jiraan sayid, ilaaliye, xulafo, taageere, iyo mid awood leh. Shiicada dhexdeeda, waxaa loo fahmaa magacaabidda rasmiga ah ee Muxammad uu Cali uga dhigay beddelkiisa. Sunnadu sidoo kale waxay aqbashaa in tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum uu dhacay iyadoo Muxammad uu yiri hadalkaas ku saabsan Cali. Bagse, uma tarjumaan hadalka inuu yahay magacaabidda Cali ee beddelka Muxammad. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay u tarjumaan ereyga mowla xaaladdan inuu u muuqdo saaxiib dhow, taageere, ama mid mudan daacadnimo iyo kalsooni. Sidaas darteed, waxay u arkaan bayaanka inuu yahay caddayn ah xushmadda Muxammad uu u hayay Cali, iyagoo hoos u dhigaya muhiimadda tukhtaanka. Kalfadhigii Saqiifa wuxuu dhacay obo yar ka dib dhimashadii Muxammad ee 632, halkaas oo Abu Bakar looga doortay beddelkiisa oo uu ku noqday Khaliifkii koowaad. Saqiifa waxay ka mid tahay tukhtaannada ugu muranka badan Islaamka, sababtoo ah ka saarida tiro badan oo ka mid ah Saxaabada Muxammad, oo ay ku jiraan Ahlul Bayt iyo gaar ahaan Cali. Cali iyo tiro badan oo ka mid ah qoyska Muxammad waxay weli ku jireen aasitaanka nabiga markii uu tukhtaanku dhacayay.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |doi-access=free |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |eissn=1477-4585 |issn=0002-7189 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the "lord" or "master" of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |issn=0002-7189 |eissn=1477-4585 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the "lord" or "master" of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century. |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Amir-Moezzi |author-first=Mohammad Ali |title=Ghadīr Khumm |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=Third |editor1-first=Kate |editor1-last=Fleet |editor2-first=Gudrun |editor2-last=Krämer |editor3-first=Denis |editor3-last=Matringe |editor4-first=John |editor4-last=Nawas |editor5-first=Devin J. |editor5-last=Stewart |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |year=2014 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |isbn=9789004269613 |author-link=Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay qabaan in Muxammad uu u daayay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee saxaabada inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Cali hore loogu magacaabay beddelka Muxammad ee tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan tukhtaannadii Saqiifa inay ahaayeen kuwo dhaafay xaqiisii beddelka. Dhibaatada beddelka waxay noqotay sababtii ugu horreysay ee qeybsanaanta Muslinka oo keentay soo bixitaanka labada qaybood ee waaweyn ee Islaamka, Sunna iyo Shiica. === Islaamka Sunnada ah === {{Main|Islaamka Sunnada ah}} [[File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art mss 0311 fol 190b-191a.jpg|thumb|Faraq-qoraal ah oo [[Saxiix al-Bukhari]] ah oo ka soo jeeda qarnigii 14aad, ururintii ugu horreysay ee [[xadiis]] ee [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Buug]] ee [[Islaamka Sunnada ah]].]] Islaamka Sunnada ah waa qaybta ugu weyn ee Islaamka iyada oo ah mhabka diimeed ee ugu weyn dunida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of religious populations {{!}} Largest Religions, Smallest Religions, Lists, Data, & Overview {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-religious-populations|access-date=2025-07-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunni |title=Sunni |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430101807/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Sunni Islam |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2014 |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |access-date=10 January 2010 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005013247/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |date=20101028144120 }}</ref><ref name="Denny-2010">{{cite book |last=Denny |first=Frederick |author-link=Frederick M. Denny |title=Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |page=3 |isbn=978-0199804153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3 |quote=Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90%) of that community. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lawson |first1=Russell M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_krEEAAAQBAJ&dq=islam+based+on+the+teachings+of+muhammad&pg=PA419 |title=Science in the Ancient World: From Antiquity through the Middle Ages |date=23 September 2021 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-7353-9 |page=419 |language=en}}</ref> Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha "''Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah''", oo macnaheedu yahay "dadka [[Sunnah|sunnada]] (dhaqankii Muxammad) iyo jamacaadka".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ahl as-Sunnah |encyclopedia=Islam Ansiklopedisi |publisher=Turkish Diyanet Foundation |location=Istanbul |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |last=Yavuz |first=Yusuf Şevki |date=1994 |volume=10 |pages=525–530 |lang=tr |access-date=28 December 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228114411/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |url-status=live }}</ref> Islaamka Sunnada ah mararka qaarkood waxaa loo yaqaanaa "Islaamka Ortodokska ah",<ref>{{cite book |author1=John Richard Thackrah |title=Dictionary of Terrorism |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135165956 |edition=2, revised |page=252}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation |date=2009 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004172739 |editor1-last=Nasir |editor1-first=Jamal J. |edition=revised |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=George W. Braswell |title=What You Need to Know about Islam & Muslims |date=2000 |publisher=B&H Publishing Group |isbn=978-0805418293 |edition=illustrated |page=62}}</ref> ingawa aqoonyahanada qaar ay u arkaan inaysan habboonayn, iyada oo Sunni-nimada ka baxsan ay dad badan u arki karaan fahan xumaan.<ref>An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: "Sunni: Of or pertaining ''sunna'', especially the ''Sunna'' of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, ''mubtadi'', from ''bid'a'', the contrary of ''sunna'' and so 'innovation'."</ref> Sunnadu waxay adkaynaysaa in Muxammad uusan magacaabin beddel, wuxuuna u dhaafay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee Saqiifa inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay inta badan u noqdaan lixda buug ee xadiiska ee waaweyn arrimaha sharciga, iyagoo u raaca mid ka mid ah afar madhabood ee fiqhiga: [[Hanafi school|Xanafi]], [[Hanbali school|Xanbali]], [[Maliki school|Maaliki]], [[Shafi'i school|Shaafi'i]].<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2003|pp=275, 306}}</ref> Cilmiga tawxiidka ee athariga ah waa madhab Sunni ah oo feker ah, oo uu si weyn ugu doodi jiray Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855 CE), oo lagu garto u noqoshada fahanka qoraalka ah ee Qur'aanka iyo sunnada, aמונה ah in Qur'aanku yahay mid aan la abuurin oo weligeed ah, iyo ka soo horjeeda cilmiga caqliga, ee loo yaqano kalam, marka loo eego arrimaha diinta iyo anshaxa.<ref>Hadi Enayat ''Islam and Secularism in Post-Colonial Thought: A Cartography of Asadian Genealogies'' Springer Publishing, 30 June 2017 {{ISBN|978-3-319-52611-9}} p.48</ref> Maaturidiyada, oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944 CE), waxay leedahay qoraalka la soo dejiyay looma baahna anshaxa asaasiga ah iyada oo wanaagga iyo xawliga lagu fahmi karo caqliga keligiis,<ref>Rico Isaacs, Alessandro Frigerio ''Theorizing Central Asian Politics: The State, Ideology and Power'' Springer Publishing 2018 {{ISBN|978-3-319-97355-5}} p. 108</ref> laakiin dadku waxay u noqdaan waxyiga arrimaha ka baxsan fahanka bahaamka. Ash'ariyada, oo uu aasaasay Al-Ashʿarī (c. 874–936), waxay leedahay anshaxu wuxuu ka imaan karaa oo keliya waxyiga rabbaaniga ah laakiin waxay aqbashaa caqliga arrimaha fasiraadda waxayna isku dartaa hababka Mu'tazilada iyo fikradaha athariga.<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|1999|p=280}}</ref> Salafiyadu waa doonis dib u cusboonaysiin ah oo u dooda u noqoshada dhaqankii qgeneration-kii ugu horreeyay ee Muslinka. Qarnigii 18aad, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab wuxuu kexeeyay dhaqdhaqaaq Salafi ah, oo dadka ka baxsan ay u yaqaanaan Wahaabiya, waddanka maanta loo yaqano Sacuudi Carabiya.<ref>Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} page 8</ref> Dhaqdhaqaaq la mid ah oo loo yaqano Ahl al-Hadith ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigay dhaqanka sharciga Sunniga ah ee qarniyada jiray, iyagoo door biday inay si toos ah u raacaan Qur'aanka iyo Xadiiska. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunniga ah ee Nurcu waxaa aasaasay Said Nursi (1877–1960); wuxuu isku darayaa qaybo ka mid ah Tasawufka iyo sayniska.<ref name="Svante E. Cornell p. 283">Svante E. Cornell ''Azerbaijan Since Independence'' M.E. Sharpe {{ISBN| 9780765630049}} p. 283</ref><ref>Robert W. Hefner ''Shariʻa Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World'' Indiana University Press 2011 {{ISBN|978-0-253-22310-4}} p. 170</ref> === Islaamka Shiicada ah === {{Main|Islaamka Shiicada ah}} [[File:Folio from a Nahj al-Balagha.gif|thumb|Warqad gacan-qoraal ah oo ka timaada Nahj al-Balagha, ee taariikhdeedu tahay 1149 AD. Nahj al-Balagha waa ururin khudbado, waraaqo, iyo hadallo ah oo uu leeyahay Cali. Waxaa loo arkaa inay ka mid tahay kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee suugaanta Carabiga iyada oo ka joogta meel sare Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.]] Islaamka Shiicada ah waa qaybta labaad ee ugu weyn Islaamka iyo mid ka mid oo ka mid ah mhabada diimeed ee ugu waaweyn dunida.<ref>{{cite web |title=Field Listing :: Religions |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231326/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=6 July 2010 |access-date=25 October 2010 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population." ... "Shia Islam represents 10–15% of Muslims worldwide.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sunni |url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614103622/https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs |quote=Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.}}</ref>{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. "Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims."}} Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha "''Shīʿat ʿAlī''", oo macnaheedu yahay "xisbigii Cali". Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Muxammad uu magacaabay ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, Cali, inuu noqdo beddelkiisa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|title=Shiʿi|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=28 December 2021|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720054917/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Sunni Islam |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa |publisher=MacMillan Reference |editor-last=Philip Mattar |edition=2nd |author1=Tayeb El-Hibri|author2=Maysam J. al Faruqi}}</ref> Cali waxaa ku xigay silsilad Imaamyo ah oo Ilaah magacaabay oo ka soo jeeda qoyska Muxammad ([[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahlul Bayt]]). Mhabka ugu weyn ee Islaamka Shiicada ah, Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, waxay aqoonsan yihiin Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam inay yihiin hoggaamiyeyaasha Ilaah magacaabay, iyadoo ka bilaabanaysa Cali keligiis oo ku dheehanaysa Mahdiga, oo la rumeysan yahay inuu ku jiro qoyanaanta loona fadhiyo inuu dib u soo laabto Dhamaadka Sannadaha si uu u aasaaso caddaalad oo uu caawin doono Ciise. Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu muhiimad gaar ah siiyaa Ahlul Bayt (qoyska Muxammad), kuwaas oo Muslinka Shiicada ah ay u arkaan inay leeyihiin awood diimeed iyo ruhani ah oo Ilaah siiyay. Qur'aanka, teachings-ka Muxammad (Sunnah), iyo Imaamyada waxay samayeeyaan asaaska ugu muhiimsan ee fekerka diimeed iyo fiqhiga Shiicada. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxaa kexeeya madhabka Jacfariyada ee fiqhiga.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=John Corrigan|author2=Frederick Denny|author3=Martin S Jaffee|author4=Carlos Eire |year=2011 |title=Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions |publisher= Cambridge University Press |id=978-0205026340 }}</ref> Ururinta ugu muhiimsan ee xadiiska ee Islaamka Shiicada ah waa Afarta Buug ee Sharciga ah, oo loo yaqano Kitab al-Kafi, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, iyo Al-Istibsar. Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr qaybood, ta ugu weyn oo ugu muhiimsan waxay tahay Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, oo ay ku xigaan qaybaha yar ee Ismaaciiliyad iyo Saydiyad.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social and Military History |editor-first1=Spencer C. |editor-last1=Tucker |editor2=Priscilla Mary Roberts |year=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-842-2 |page=917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA917 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA917 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Iraq Effect: The Middle East After the Iraq War |first=Frederic M. |last=Wehrey |year=2010 |publisher=Rand Corporation |isbn=978-0-8330-4788-5 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&pg=PA91 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024742/https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|author-link=Andrew J. Newman|title=Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-7833-4|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PP18|page=2|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501201413/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|archive-date=1 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Dagaalkii Karbala, oo uu awoowe u ahaa Nabiga oo ahaa Imaamka saddexaad ee Shiicada, Xuseen ibn Cali, si xun loogu dilay oo madaxa looga jaray iyada oo la dilay badanka xubnaha qoyskiisa, wuxuu siiyay Caliyinta aqoonsi diimeed oo u gaar ah wuxuuna ka qaatay door muhiim ah zhuraalka iyo adkaynta ta noqotay Islaamka Shiicada ah. Wuxuu ka joogaa meel dhexe taariikhda Shiicada, dhaqanka, iyo cilmiga tawxiidka, iyadoo inta badan lagu xuso suugaanta Islaamka. Waa mid ka mid ah waqtiyada ugu murugada badan, muhiimka ah, ee lagu garto taariikhda Islaamka. Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, iyo Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad waa saddexda meelood ee ugu xurmada badan ka dib Masjid al-Xaraam ee Makka, Masjid al-Nabawi ee Madiina, iyo Masjid al-Aqsa ee Qudus.<ref name="Sardeg2">{{cite web |last=Escobar |first=Pepe |date=May 24, 2002 |title=Knocking on heaven's door |url=http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020603155002/http://atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |archive-date=June 3, 2002 |access-date=2006-11-12 |work=Asia Times Online |quote=our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places... first is Mecca... second is Medina... third belongs to our first imam of Shia, Ali, which is in Najaf. The fourth belongs to our third imam, Hussein, in Kerbala. The last one belongs to the daughter of our seventh imam and sister of our eighth imam, who is called Fatemah, and will be buried in Qom. |department=Central Asia/Russia}}</ref> Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam sidoo xushmad lagu hayaa Islaamka Sunnada ah dhexdeeda iyagoo ah xubno ka mid ah qoyska Nabiga Muxammad iyo shakhsiyaad muhiim ah oo ku jira taariikhda Islaamka, iyadoo Sunnadu ay booqdaan dhismooyinkooda xushmad darteed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Iraqi delegation from the Sunni Endowment visited the Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (PBUH).|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/an-iraqi-delegation-from-the-sunni-endowment-visited-the-holy-shrine-of-imam-ali-pbuh|access-date=2026-02-16|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waziri|first=Adam Isa|date=2022-11-21|title=Sunni Professors, Scholars From Pakistan Visit Imam Husain's Holy Shrine in Karbala » Education Monitor News|url=https://educationmonitornews.com/sunni-professors-scholars-from-pakistan-visit-imam-husains-holy-shrine-in-karbala/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Education Monitor News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Arooj|date=2024-02-01|title=Sunni scholars from Turkey express happiness upon visiting holy shrine of Imam Hussein|url=https://shiawaves.com/english/uncategorized/100914-sunni-scholars-from-turkey-express-happiness-upon-visiting-holy-shrine-of-imam-hussein/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Shia Waves|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16|title=Iraqi Sunni Friday prayer leaders visit Imam Reza (AS) holy shrine|url=https://en.hawzahnews.com/news/358808/Iraqi-Sunni-Friday-prayer-leaders-visit-Imam-Reza-AS-holy-shrine|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Hawzah News Agency|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=English Pakistani Sunnis Visit Imam Reza Shrine|url=https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617090149/https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-date=2025-06-17|access-date=2026-02-16|website=ShiaChat.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14|title=Sunni Cleric: Imam Reza Shrine a Center for Unifying Muslims|url=https://en.abna24.com/news/664698/Sunni-Cleric-Imam-Reza-Shrine-a-Center-for-Unifying-Muslims|access-date=2026-02-17|website=ABNA English|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Imam Reza (A.S.) Is the Symbol of Unity among Islamic Sects.|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/imam-reza-as-is-the-symbol-of-unity-among-islamic-sects|access-date=2026-02-17|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}</ref> {{multiple image | align = center | image1 = ImamAliShrine2026.jpg | width1 = 217 | alt1 = | caption1 = Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Ciraaq, waxaa loo arkaa Muslinka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda inuu yahay meesha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka ka dib Makka, Madiina iyo Qudus. | image2 = حرم الامام الحسين.jpg | width2 = 218 | alt2 = | caption2 = Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, Ciraaq, waa meel aad u xurmo badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda. | width3 = 315 | alt3 = | footer = | image3 = ImamReza(A).jpg | caption3 = Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad, Iiraan, waa masjidhka ugu weyn dunida iyadoo ka mid ah meelaha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda. }} ===== Cibaadiyada ===== {{Main|Muhakkima|Cibaadiyada|Khawaarijta}} Cibaadiyada waa madhab u gaar ah Islaamka waxaana inta badan loo arkaa qaybta saddexaad ee mhabada Islaamka, oo barbar taagan Islaamka Sunnada ah iyo Islaamka Shiicada ah. Xididdadeedu waxay dib u raacaan go'itaankii Khawaarijta ee ka go'een Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii nabiga Muxammad oo ahaa Imaamkii ugu horreeyay ee Shiicada iyo khaliifkii afaraad ee Khulafo al-Raashidiinta ee Sunnadu. Waxaaba jirta in Cibaadiyiinta casriga ah ay inta badan diadaan in aqiidadooda lagu tilmaamo Khawaarij. Cibaadiyada waxay soo baxday qarniyadii ugu horreeyay ee Islaamka iyadoo ka timaada khilaafaadkii siyaasadeed iyo kuwa tawxiidka ee ku xeernaa Fitnada Koowaad. Dhaqanku wuxuu taariikhiyan u xiran yahay dhaqdhaqaaqii hore ee Muhakkima. Cibaadiyiintu way ka tiro yar yihiin labada mhab ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka, Sunnadu iyo Shiicada. Cibaadiyada waxay weli tahay mid aan si fican u baran dadka ka baxsan, iyadoo ay ku jiraan kuwo aan Muslin ahayn iyo Muslinka Sunnada iyo Shiicada ah. [[File:Islam branches and schools.png|centre|Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan qaybaha waaweyn iyo mhabada Islaamka]] ===== Qaybaha ===== * Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada waxaa lagu aasaasay Hindiya ee Ingiriisku xukumayay 1889 oo uu aasaasay Mirza Ghulam Ahmad oo ka soo jeeda Qadian, oo sheegtay inuu yahay Masiiyadii la ballanqaaday ("Soo laabashada Labaad ee Ciise"), Mahdiga Muslinku dhowrayaan sidoo kale prophet yar oo raaca nabiga Islaamka Muxammad. Waxaa jira fikrado iyo barashooyin kala duwan oo u gaar ah Axmadiyiinta marka loo eego badanka Muslinka kale, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan fasiraadda cinwaanka Qur'aanka ee Khatam an-Nabiyyin iyo fasiraadda Soo laabashada Labaad ee Masiiyada. deviations-kan loo arko inay ka bixisay fekerka Islaamka ee caadiga ah waxay keeneen in badanka Muslinka ay u arkaan kuwo ka baxay diinta iyo khilaafyada lagu hayo Axmadiyiinta waddamo kala duwan dhexdeeda, gaar ahaan Bakistaan, halkaas oo si rasmi ah looga dhaqangaliyay inaysan Muslin ahayn oo ay dhaqangalisay Xukuumadda Bakistaan. Taabacsanaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Islaamka waxay u qeybsamaan laba kooxood: ta koowaad oo ah Bulshada Muslinka ee Axmadiyada, oo maanta ah kooxda ugu weyn, iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Laahore ee Fafinta Islaamka. * Calawiyada waa dhaqan Islaam oo doonis leh oo maxalli ah, oo taabacsaneedu ay raacaan barashooyinka qarsoon (bāṭenī) ee Cali iyo Haji Bektash Veli. Calawiyada waa isku dharraaq ka mid ah fikradaha dhaqanka ee Turkiga ee qarnigii 14aad, iyadoo leh xididdo ka imaan kara Tengrism iyo Animism oo barbar socda fikradaha Shiicada iyo Tasawufka. Waxaa la qiyaasay inay jiraan 10 milyan illaa ka badan 20 milyan (~0.5–1% dhammaan Muslinka) oo Calawiyiin ah dunida oo dhan. * Qur'aaniyuuntu waa dhaqdhaqaaq diimeed ee Islaamka oo ku aasaasan aqiidada ah in sharciga Islaamka iyo xaqiijintu ay tahay oo keliya inay ka timaado Qur'aanka oo aysan ka imaanin sunnada ama Xadiiska, iyadoo Qur'aaniyuuntu ay si muuqata uga kala duwan yihiin habka loo raaco shanta tiro ee Islaamka. Dhaqdhaqaaqu wuxuu soo baxay qarnigii 19aad wixii ka dambeeyay, iyadoo fekerayaal sida Syed Ahmad Khan, Abdullah Chakralawi iyo Ghulam Ahmed Perwez ee Hindiya ay su'aal ka keeneen dhaqanka xadiiska. Ejipt, Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi wuxuu ku qaray maqaalka ''Islaamku waa Qur'aanka keligiis'' majaladda ''Al-Manār'', isagoo u doodayay awoodda keligeed ee Qur'aanka. Qur'aaniyiin muhiim ah oo qarnigii 20aad ee dambe wuxuu ahaa Rashad Khalifa, oo ahaa biokimiko Masri-Ameerikan ah oo sheegtay inuu helay fure tiro oo ku jira Qur'aanka, wuxuuna aasaasay ururka Qur'aaniyiinta ee United Submitters International. * Mu'tazilada waxay ahayd madhab hore oo cilmiga tawxiidka Islaamka oo lagu garto isticmaalka caqliga, gaar ahaan marka loo eego labada ilo ee ugu horreeya Islaamka, Qur'aanka iyo xadiiska. Madhabtu waxay ku aasaasantaa shanta usool ee waaweyn: tawxiidka, caddaalada rabbaaniga ah, hubaasha ballanqaadyada iyo digniinaha rabbaaniga ah, meel dhexe oo marka loo eego heerka duniyeed ee duntayda waaweyn, iyo waajibka amarrada wanaagsan iyo ka hortaga xumaanta. Ka dib Sunnadu, Mu'taziladu waxay diadeen aragtida dhaqanka ah ee ah in Qur'aanku yahay hadalka aan la abuurin ee Ilaah, waxayna halkaas ka qabteen in Qur'aanku yahay waxyi la abuuray, si loo adkeeyo koodnimada kheyraatka ee Ilaah. Iyagoo adkaynaya isticmaalka caqliga, waxay u doodeen in dookha xorta ah ee bahaamka uu u oggolaado shakhsiyaadka inay doorataan wanaagga ama xumaanta, taas oo ka dhigaysa kuwo mas'uul ka ah eedooda. Bagse saameynta Mu'taziladu waxay hoos u dhacday dhibaatada bulshada iyo siyaasadeed ee ka timaada Sunnadu darteed, reebitaankooda caqliga wuxuu weli yahay mid muhiim ah fekerka casriga ah ee Islaamka. === Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn === {{Main|Non-denominational Muslim}} Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn waa eegmo guud oo loo isticmaalo ama ay isticmaalaan Muslimiinta aan ka tirsanayn ama aan isku tilmaamin mhab gaar ah oo Islaam ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Benakis |first=Theodoros |date=13 January 2014 |title=Islamophoobia in Europe! |work=New Europe |location=Brussels |url=http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131145036/http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |archive-date=31 January 2016 |quote=Anyone who has travelled to Central Asia knows of the non-denominational Muslims—those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pollack |first=Kenneth |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=jQGZBAAAQBAJ|page=29}} |title=Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American Strategy |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-4767-3393-7 |page=29 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |quote=Although many Iranian hardliners are Shi'a chauvinists, Khomeini's ideology saw the revolution as pan-Islamist, and therefore embracing Sunni, Shi'a, Sufi, and other, more nondenominational Muslims}}</ref> Sahanadii ugu dambeeyay waxay ku warramayaan in qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Muslimiinta ka mid ah kuwa ku nool qaybo ka mid ah dunida ay isku tilmaamaan oo keliya Muslim, inkasta oo ay yar tahay falanqaynta la daabacay ee ku saabsan sababaha ka dambeeya jawaabtan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burns |first=Robert |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=akWUGyN7fwEC|page=55}} |title=Christianity, Islam, and the West |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-7618-5560-6 |page=55 |publisher=University Press of America |quote=40 per cent called themselves "just a Muslim" according to the Council of American-Islamic relations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tatari |first=Eren |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=x_4QBQAAQBAJ|page=111}} |title=Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets |date=2014 |isbn=978-90-04-27226-2 |page=111 |publisher=BRILL |quote=Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi}}</ref> Pew Research waxay ku warramaysaa in jawaab-bixiyeyaasha isku tilmaama oo keliya Muslim ay yihiin inta ugu badan ee Muslimiinta ee toddoba waddan (iyo tiro sare saddex kale dhexdeeda), iyadoo heerka ugu sarreeya uu yahay Kasakhstan oo ah 74%. Ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah shan kasta oo Muslim ah ee ugu yaraan 22 waddan wuxuu isku tilmaamaa habkan.<ref name="Pew">{{cite web|date=9 August 2012|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|access-date=4 September 2013|website=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project}}</ref> == Tasawufka == === Suufiyada === {{Main|Suufiyada}} {{See also|Xiriirka Salafiga iyo Suufiga}} [[File:Mevlana Konya.jpg|thumb|Wareegga Suufiga ee Dhismaha Qabriga Suufiga ee Rumi ee Konya, Turkey.]] Suufiyada (Carabi: تصوف), waa hab ka mid ah Tasawufka Islaamka oo raadiya in lagu helo khibrad shakhsi ah oo toos ah ee Eebbe. Culimadii hore ee Suufiyadu waxay ku tilmaameen tasawufka "cilmiga ujeeddadiisu tahay sixidda wadnaha iyo ka jeedinta dhammaan wixii kale ee aan Eebbe ahayn", iyada oo loo marayo "awoodda caqliga iyo sharafta" oo laga joojiyo in lagu tababaro. Ahmad ibn Ajiba wuxuu ku tilmaamay tasawufka "ku laabashada dhaqanka, bilowgiisuna yahay aqoon, dhexdiisuna tahay wax-qabad [aqoontaas ku saabsan], dhammaadkiisuna yahay hadiya [ka timaada Allah]." Ma aha qayb ka mid ah Islaamka, taabacsanaha ayaana ka tirsan mhabada kala duwan ee Muslinka. Ismaaciiliya, oo barashadeedu ku aasaasan tahay Gnosticism iyo Neoplatonism iyadoo ay barbar socdaan madhabaha Illuminationist iyo Isfahan ee falsafadda Islaamka, waxay samaysay fasiraado tasawuf ah oo Islaamka ah. Hasan al-Basri, oo ahaa Suufigii hore oo inta badan loo arko mid ka mid ah Suufiyadii ugu horreysay, wuxuu adkeeyay cabsida ka timaada guuldarrada Eebbe ee adkaysiga. Taa beddekeeda, Suufiyadii dambe ee waaweynayd, sida Mansur Al-Hallaj iyo Jalaluddin Rumi, waxay adkeeyeen diinta ku aasaasan jacyada loo qabo Eebbe. Jacyadaas waxay sidoo kale saameyn ku lahaayeen fanka, iyadoo Rumi uu weli yahay mid ka mid ah gabayaaga ugu iibka badan Ameerika. [[File:Sema ceremony many.jpg|thumb|Suufiyada ee Turkey.]]Suufiyadu waxay u arkaan tasawufka qayb aan ka go'in Islaamka. Suufiyadii dhaqanka ahayd, sida Bayazid Bastami, Jalaluddin Rumi, Haji Bektash Veli, Junaid Baghdadi, iyo Al-Ghazali, waxay u doodeen in Suufiyadu ku aasaasan tahay usoolka Islaamka iyo barashooyinka nabiga. Taariikhyahan Nile Green wuxuu u dooday in Islaamka qarniyadii dhexe uu ahaa wax yar ama ka badan Suufiyada. Taabacsanaha dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunnada ee dib-u-soocida ee loo yaqaano Salafiyada waxay u arkeen dhaqannada jacyada ee caanka ah, sida weyneynta awliyada Suufiga, inay yihiin cusbooneysiin ka timaada diintii hore. Salafiyiintu inta badan waxay weerareen Suufiyada, taas oo keentay xumaanshaha xiriirka Suufiga iyo Salafiga. Ururrada Suufiga waxay samayskaan dariiqooyin ku xeeran macallin (wali) oo raaca xiriir ruuxi ah oo dib u raaca Muxammad. Suufiyadu waxay kaqaateen door muhiim ah samaynta bulshooyinka Muslinka iyaga oo loo marayo dhaqdhaqaaqyada baahinta iyo waxbarashada. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Ahle Sunnat ama Barelvi ee uu saameeyay Tasawufku wuxuu sheegtaa in ka badan 200 milyan oo taabacsane ku leeyahay Koonfurta Aasiya. Suufiyadu waxay muhiim ku tahay Aasiyada Dhexe, iyo sidoo kale waddamada Afrika sida Tuniisiya, Aljeeriya, Marooko, Senejaal, Chaad iyo Nayjar. == Sharciga iyo Fiqhiga == === Shariicada === {{Main|Shariicada|Fiqhiga}} {{See also|Mantiqa ee Falsafadda Islaamka#Sharciga Islaamka iyo Cilmiga Tawxiidka}} [[File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|Madhabaha sharciga Islaamka ee Dunida Muslinka.]] Shariicada waa tan ka kooban sharciga diinta Islaamka. Doonista ah in la tilmaamo oo lagu ogaado sharciyada hab dhammaystiran oo is-waafaqsan waxay keentay horumarinta aragtida sharciga, oo loo yaqaano fiqhi. Taa beddekeeda, bidco waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo cusbooneysiinta sharciga ka baxsan ee arrimaha diinta. Dhabbooyinka kala duwan, ee loo yaqaano usoolka fiqhiga, ayaa horumaray oo madhabka sharciga ee ka soo baxa dhabbo ku xeeran waxaa loo yaqaanaa madhab. Is-waafaqidda raacda go'aannada khabiir diimeed ama madhab waxaa loo yaqaanaa taqliid. Shuruudda ghayr muqallid waxay u tilmaamaysaa kuwa aan isticmaalin taqliidka iyo, sii dheeraanteeda, aan lahayn madhab. Dhaqanka shakhsigu ku fasirayo sharciga caqliga xor ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa ijtixaad. Kuwa fasira shariicada waxaa loo yaqaanaa muftiyo oo ra'yigooda sharciga ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa fatwo. [[File:'Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa'di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Gabayaaga Saadi Shirazi iyo darwiish waxay u socdaan inay khilaafkooda ku dhameeyaan xakim hortiis, farta qarnigii 16aad oo ka timaada Iiraan.]] Ilaaha koowaad ee Shariicadu waa Qur'aanka iyo Sunnada. Ilaa saddexaad oo caani ah waa qiyaas (caqli analoji ah) oo loo isticmaalo dhibcooyinka sharciga ah ee aan si toos ah loogu faahfaahin Qur'aanka ama Sunnada. Isku-barbardhigga ayaa la raadiyaa si loo helo illah, ama sababta halkan ku jirta, oo ah sababta ka dambeysa xukunkii hore. Tusaale ahaan, reebitaanka gaarka ah ee khamriga waxaa ka soo baxaya reebitaanka guud ee alkoolka maadaama ay wadaagayaan sababta shaqaynaysa ee loo gartay inay tahay dabeecadda ma zeexisa ee dhammaan cabitaannada alkoolka ah. Madhabka Saahiriga wuxuu adkeeyay saafinimada tooska ah oo sidaas darteed wuxuu diaday qiyaaska. Is-afgaradka ra'yiga waa ijmaac, iyadoo ikhtilaafku u tilmaamayo khilaafka culimada. Xukunnadu waxay ficillada u kala saaraan mid ka mid ah shan qaybood oo loo yaqaano axkaam: farad, mustaxab, mubaah, makruuh, iyo xaraam. Xilliga casriga ah, sharciyada dambiyada ee ku aasaasan shariicada waxaa inta badan beddelay sharciyo ka yimid moodellada Yurub. Cilmiga dib-u-soocida ee Tanzimat ee Qarnigii 19aad ee Dowladdii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu keenay koodka madaniga ee Mecelle wuxuuna ka dhigan yahay dadaalkii ugu horreeyay ee lagu koodiyeeyo shariicada. Iyadoo Dastuurada badanka states-ka Muslinku u badan yihiin ay ku jiraan tilmaamo ku saabsan shariicada, xeerarkeeda dhaqanka ah waxaa inta badan lagu reebay oo keliya sharciyada heerka shakhsiga (famlida). Hay'adaha sharciga ah oo koodiyeeyay sharciyaddan waxay raadiyeen inay casriyeeyaan iyagoon ka tageyn aasaaskooda fiqhiga dhaqanka ah. Dib-u-soocida Islaamka ee qarnigii 20aad ee dambe waxay keentay baaqyo ka yimid dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiyiinta oo ku saabsan fulinta dhammaystiran ee shariicada. Doorka shariicadu wuxuu noqday mowduuc lagu tartamo dunida oo dhan. Waxaa jira doodaha socda oo ku saabsan in shariicadu ay la waafaqsan tahay foomamka cilmaani ee xukuumadda, xuquuqda aadanaha, xorriyadda fekerka, iyo xuquuqda dumarka darteed meelaha ay ka mid yihiin faafreebka iyo doonaanta. == Bulshada == === Shakhsiyaadka diinta === {{Main|Culumada}} [[File:Maqamat_hariri.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Culimada ku sugan maktabadda Cabbaasiyiinta, Maqamat al-Hariri. Farta uu qray Yahyá al-Wasiti, Baqdaad, 1237 AD.]] Islaamku maleho wadaado ah macnaha sacerdotalism, sida baaddariyada oo kale oo dhex-dhexaadiya Eebbe iyo dadka. Imaam (Carabi: إمام) waa cinwaanka diinta oo loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo booska hoggaaminta Islaamka, inta badan marka loo eego samaynta adeegga cibaadada Islaamka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Imam|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/imam|access-date=15 January 2023|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> Fasiraadda diinta waxaa hoggaamiya culumada (Carabi: علماء), oo ah shuruud loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo kooxda culimada Muslinka ah ee helay tababarka barashada Islaamka. Caalimka xadiiska waxaa loo yaqaanaa muxaddith, caalimka fiqhiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa faqeeh (Carabi: فقيه), qaanuun-yaqaanka u qalma inuu soo saaro ra'yiga sharciga ah ama fatwooyinka waxaa loo yaqaanaa mufti, qadi-yuna waa xakim Islaam ah. Cinwaannada sharafta leh ee la siiyo culimada waxaa ka mid ah sheekh, mulla iyo mawlawi. Muslinka qaar ka mid ah waxay sidoo kale weyneeyaan awliyada u xiran karaamooyinka (Carabi: كرامات).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Radtke |first1=B. |last2=Lory |first2=P. |last3=Zarcone |first3=Th. |last4=DeWeese |first4=D. |last5=Gaborieau |first5=M. |last6=Denny |first6=F. M. |last7=Aubin |first7=F. |last8=Hunwick |first8=J. O. |last9=Mchugh |first9=N. |title=Walī |orig-year=1993 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Bearman |editor1-first=P. J. |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-link=Thierry Bianquis |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-first=C. E. |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor4-first=E. J. |editor4-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-first=W. P. |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill Publishers |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335 |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}</ref> === Maamulka === {{See also|Siyaasadda iyo Islaamka|Dhaqaalaha Islaamka|Qaanuunka ciidanka ee Islaamka|Tasaamuxa|Jihaadka}} [[File:Ali and Aisha at the Battle of the Camel.jpg|thumb|Xaasidii Muxammad, Caasha, oo la dagaallamaysa Cali.]] Fiqhiga dhaqaalaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, kaydsiga hantida si xad-dhaaf ah waa lagu necbyahay, sidaas darteedna dhaqanka maalgashiga monobooliga ah waa laga hoos eegaa.<ref name="Iqbal2010">{{cite book | last1 = Iqbal | first1 = Zamir | last2 = Mirakhor | first2 = Abbas | last3 = Krichenne | first3 = Noureddine | last4 = Askari | first4 = Hossein | title = The Stability of Islamic Finance: Creating a Resilient Financial Environment | location = Singapore | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | year = 2010 | language = en | isbn = 978-0-470-82518-1 | p = 75}}</ref> Dadaallada lagu waafajinayo shariicada waxay keeneen horumarinta bangiyada Islaamka. Islaamku wuxuu reebaa ribada, oo inta badan loo turjumo faa'iido si aan caddaalad ahayn ku timaada ganacsiga, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo faa'iidada ribada.<ref>{{harvc |c=Riba |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |year=n.d. |last1= Schacht|first1=Joseph}}</ref> Taa beddekeeda, bangiyada Islaamku waxay iskaashi la sameeyaan amaanadaha, iyagoo labaduba wadaagaya faa'iidada iyo qasaaraha ka soo baxa mashruuca. Shuruud kale waa ka fogaanshaha hubaal-la'aanta, oo loo arko saqajaan (khumaar), bangiyada Islaamkuna dhaqan ahaan waxay ka fogaadaan aaladaha la soocay sida mustaqbalka ama doorashooyinka, taas oo taariikhiyan ka ilaalisay hoos u dhaca suuqyada.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Foster|first=John |date=1 December 2009|title=How Islamic finance missed heavenly chance|work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8388644.stm|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Domat|first=Chloe|date=20 October 2020|title=What Is Islamic Finance And How Does It Work?|work=Global Finance magazine|url=https://www.gfmag.com/topics/blogs/islamic-finance-faq-what-islamic-finance-and-how-does-it-work|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref> Khulafadii Raashidiinta iyo Dowladdii Umawiyiinta waxay ku lug lahaayeen qaybinta sadaqada ee ka timaada qasnadda dowladda, oo loo yaqaano Bayt al-maal, ka hor inta aysan noqon dadaal shakhsi ah meelaha sannadkii 720. Khaliifkii ugu horreeyay, Abu Bakar, wuxuu u qaybiyay sakada sida tusaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee dakhliga ugu yar ee la dammaanad qaado, iyadoo muwaaddin kasta uu helayay 10 illaa 20 dirham sannadkiiba.<ref>{{cite web |last=Merchant, Brian |date=14 November 2013 |title=Guaranteeing a Minimum Income Has Been a Utopian Dream for Centuries |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/guaranteeing-a-minimum-income-has-been-a-utopian-dream-for-centuries/ |access-date=3 June 2019 |website=VICE}}</ref> Waagii maamulkii khaliifkii labaad ee Cumar, taageerada carruurta ayaa la soo bandhigay, kuwa da'da ah iyo kuwa nafedana waxay xaq u lahaayeen mushaar,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Buraey |first=Muhammad |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=lT8OAAAAQAAJ|page=}} |title=Administrative Development: An Islamic Perspective |publisher=KPI |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-7103-0059-1 |pages=252–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Akgündüz |first1=Ahmed |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=EnT_zhqEe5cC|page=539}} |title=Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths |last2=Öztürk |first2=Said |publisher=IUR Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |pages=539– |access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref> iyadoo khaliifkii Umawiyiinta ee Cumar II uu u qoondeeyay adeego dhagool kasta iyo labadii qafis ee xanuunsan oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Al-Jawzi|first1=Ibn |url=|title=The Biography and Virtues of Omar Bin Abd al-Aziz – The Ascetic Caliph |publisher=IUR Press |year=2001 |isbn= |page=130 }}</ref> [[File:Saladin the Victorious.jpg|thumb|Salaxaddiin Guuleystaha, uu qray Gustave Doré.]] Jihaad wuxuu macnehiisu yahay "dadaal ama ilaa qabasho [dhabada Eebbe]", macnehiisa ugu ballaaranina waa "awoodda, dadaalka, ama awoodda ugu dambeysa oo lagu bixiyo la dagaallanka shay laga xumaado". Shiicadu gaar ahaan waxay adkeeyaan "jihaadka weyn" oo ah dadaalka lagu gaarayo wanaajinta nafta ee ruuxiga ah iyadoo "jihaadka yar" loo tilmaamo dagaalka. Marka loo isticmaalo sidaas oo keliya, jihaadka inta badan waxaa loo fahmaa foomkiisa ciidanka. Jihaadku waa foomka keliya ee dagaalka ee loo oggol yahay sharciga Islaamka, waxaana lagu dhawaaqi karaa ka dhan ah ujeedooyinka aan sharciyaysnayn, argagixisada, kooxaha dambiyada, reebleyaasha, murtadiinta, iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha ama dowladaha dhibta Muslinka. Badanka Muslinka maanta waxay u fasiraan Jihaadka oo keliya foom دفاع ah oo dagaalka ah. Jihaadku wuxuu oo keliya noqdaa waajib shakhsi ah kuwa la siiyay awoodda. Dadka kale oo dhan, tani waxay dhacdaa oo keliya marka ay jirto diyaargarow guud. Badanka Shiicada Isnaashariyada, jihaadka weerarka ah waxaa oo keliya lagu dhawaaqi karaa hoggaamiye Eebbe uu doortay oo ee bulshada Muslinka ah, sidaas darteedna, wuu hakad ku jiraa tan iyo gaabinta Muxammad al-Mahdi ee sannadkii 868 CE. === Nolosha maanta iyo tan aabbanimada/qoyska === {{See also|Edabta (Islaamka)|Cuntada reebban ee Islaamka|Islaamka iyo carruurta|Guurka Islaamka|Dumarka Islaamka|Guurka badan ee Islaamka}} [[File:Salat Eid al-Fitr, Tehran (113344343).jpg|thumb|Haweenay Iiraani ah oo xiran astaan Islaami ah (Xijaab).]] Cilmiga edabta ee maalinlaha ah wuxuu ku jiraa qaybta edabta, ama hab-dhaqanka. Cuntooyinka si gaar ah loo reebay waxaa ka mid ah hเนื้อ Doofaarka, dhiigga iyo bakhtiga. Caafimaadka waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timaada Eebbe, waxyaabaha maaddada ah ee maaddada maanka dooriya, sida cabitaannada alkoolka ah, waa kuwo reebban.<ref>{{cite book|author=Fahd Salem Bahammam|title=Food and Dress in Islam: An explanation of matters relating to food and drink and dress in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRojJ7lnb18C&pg=PP1|publisher=Modern Guide|isbn=978-1-909322-99-8|page=1}}</ref> Dhammaan hเนื้อ waa inay ka timaadaa xayawaan geed-daaq ah oo loo qashay magaca Eebbe oo uu qashay Muslin, Yuhuudi, ama Christian, marka laga reebo ugaarta uu qofku ugaarsaday ama kaluumaysay maankiisa.<ref>{{harvp|Curtis|2005|p=164}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|p=111}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |c=Slaughter |first=Ersilia |last=Francesca |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}</ref> Garaha inta badan waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa ragga sida shay dabiici ah<ref>{{Cite news |last=De Sondy |first=Amanullah |date=28 January 2016|title=The relationship between Muslim men and their beards is a tangled one|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/28/muslim-men-beards-facial-hair-islam |access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref> iyo isbeddellada jirka, sida peenijka joogtada ah (sawirka jidhka), inta badan waa reebban iyadoo laga baqayo inay kharribaan ubaahda u go'an.{{efn|Muslinka qaar ka mid ah Shiinaha waagii boqortooyada waxay ka horyimaadeen xiridda cagaha gabdhaha sababtaas oo kale darteed.}} <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |title=Are Muslims Allowed to Get Tattoos? |website= |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=8 Bisha Saddexaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308040238/https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Xariirta iyo dahabka waa reebban yihiin ragga Islaamka dhexdiisa si loo dhowro xaaladda miyir-qabka.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glassé |first1=Cyril |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |page=158 |language=en|year=2001}}</ref> Haya, oo inta badan loo turjumo "xishood", mararka qaar waxaa loo tilmaamaa dabeecadda hoose ee Islaamka<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zine |first1=Jasmin |last2=Babana-Hampton |first2=Safoi |last3=Mazid |first3=Nergis |last4=Bullock |first4=Katherine |last5=Chishti |first5=Maliha |title=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:4 |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JM4DwAAQBAJ&q=haya+islam&pg=PA59 |access-date=4 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> wuxuuna hagaa badanka nolosha maalinlaha ah ee Muslinka. Tusaale ahaan, dharka Islaamka dhexdiisa wuxuu adkeeyaa heerka xishoodka, oo ay ku jirto xijaabka haweenka. Sidoo kale, nadaafadda shakhsiga ah waa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa shuruudo gaar ah.<ref>{{cite web |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |access-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114153249/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |archive-date=14 November 2016}}</ref> [[File:Muslim Couple (cropped).jpg|thumb|Saddex laba oo Muslin ah oo ka socda Indoneesiya.]] Guurka Islaamka dhexdiisa, ninka arooska ah waxaa lagu leeyahay inuu bixiyo meherka aroosadda (mahar).<ref>{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=93–96}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=339}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Esposito|1998|p=79}}</ref> Qoysaska badankood ee dunida Islaamka waxay leeyihiin hal xaas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Newby |first=Gordon D. |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00newb |title=A concise encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=Oneworld |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-85168-295-9 |location=Oxford |page=141}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionhis00nasr_0/page/68 |title=Islam : religion, history, and civilization |publisher=HarperOne |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-06-050714-5 |location=New York |page=68}}</ref> Ragga Muslinka ah waxaa loo oggol yahay inay sameeyaan guurka badan waxayna yeelan karaan illaa afar xaas oo isku mar ah. Waxbarashada Islaamku waxay si adag uga baqaysaa inay adkayso in haddii ninku uusan dammaanad qaadi karin taageerada maaliyadeed iyo ta ruuxiga ah oo siman xaasaskiisa mid kasta, waxaa la dhiirri-geliyaa inuu guursado hal haweenay oo keliya. Sabab lagu tilmaamay guurka badan ayaa ah inay ninka u oggolaato inuu siiyo ilaalin maaliyadeed haween badan, oo laga yaabo inaysan helin taageero kale (tusaale, carrooyinka). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaska ugu horreysa waxay shuruud ku xiri kartaa heshiiska guurka in ninku uusan guursan karin haweenay kale inta ay guursan yihiin.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ratno Lukito|title=Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbridgeable|page=81|publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/fatwa/ShowFatwa.php?lang=A&Id=18444&Option=FatwaId |title=IslamWeb |publisher=IslamWeb |date=7 February 2002 |access-date=13 September 2011}}</ref> Waxaa sidoo kale jira kala duwanaansho dhaqameed oo aroosyo ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Gai |url=https://archive.org/details/rememberinggodre0000eato |title=Remembering God: Reflections on Islam |publisher=The Islamic Texts Society |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-946621-84-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=92–93}}</ref> Polyandry, oo ah dhaqan ay haweenaydu ku guursato laba ama ka badan oo ragg ah, waa ku reebban Islaamka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Can't a Woman have 2 Husbands? |url=http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |access-date=27 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223012707/http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |archive-date=23 December 2015 |website=14 Publications}}</ref> [[File:عکس های مراسم ترتیل خوانی یا جزء خوانی یا قرائت قرآن در ایام ماه رمضان در حرم فاطمه معصومه در شهر قم 20.jpg|thumb|Gabdhaha Muslinka ah oo baranaya Qur'aanka lagu dul dhigay rehalada xilliga Ramadaanka ee Qom, Iiraan.]] Aadada dhalashada ubadka ka dib, adhaanka waxaa lagu dhawaaqaa dhegta midig. Maalinta todobaad, xafladda caqiiqada ayaa la sameeyaa, oo xayawaan lagu qalo oo hantiisa loo qaybiyo masaakiinta. Madaxa ubadka waa la xiiraa, oo lacag la eg miisaanka dhagaha waxaa loo deeqaa masaakiinta. Gudniinka raga, oo loo yaqaano khitaan, inta badan waa lagu dhaqmaa dunida Muslinka.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2014 |title=Khitān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127165754/https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |archive-date=27 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=January 2017 |title=Reported Male Circumcision Practices in a Muslim-Majority Setting |journal=BioMed Research International |publisher=Hindawi Publishing Corporation |volume=2017 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2017/4957348 |pmc=5282422 |pmid=28194416 |doi-access=free |author1-last=Anwer |author1-first=Abdul Wahid |author2-last=Samad |author2-first=Lubna |author3-last=Baig-Ansari |author3-first=Naila |author4-last=Iftikhar |author4-first=Sundus}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=13 August 2009 |title=Islam: Circumcision of boys |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112170938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |archive-date=12 November 2012 |access-date=27 May 2020 |work=Religion & ethics—Islam |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Xaq-dhowridda iyo addeecidda waalidiinta, iyo daryeelidooda gaar ahaan markay da'da yihiin waa waajib diini ah. Muslinka dhimanaya waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa inuu dhawaaqo Shahaadada si ay u noqoto hadalkiisa ugu dambeeya.<ref>{{Cite book| isbn = 9783643900678| title =Changing European Death Ways| location = Austria| year = 2013| last1=Mathijssen| first1=Brenda|last2=Venhorst|first2=Claudia|last3=Venbrux|first3=Eric|last4=Quartier|first4=Thomas| url =| page = 265 |publisher=Lit }}</ref> Xaq-dhowridda kii dhintay iyo ka qaybgalka jinaasooyinka ee bulshada dhexdeeda waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ficillada wanaagsan. Caadooyinka aasidda Islaamka, aasidda waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa si dhakhso ah oo ugu macquulsan, inta badan 24 saac dhexdeeda. Meydka waa la dhaqaa, marka laga reebo shuhadada, oo ay dhaqaan kuwo labka ah oo isku jinsi ah waxaana lagu duubaa dhar aan adkayn oo loo yaqaano kafan. Salaadda jinaasada oo loo yaqaano Salat al-Janazah ayaa la tukadaa. Qaylada ama ooyinta weyn ee baroorgaaga ah waa laga fogaadaa. Sanduuqyada aaska inta badan la ma doorbido oo qabrida inta badan calaamad maleho, xata boqorada. === Dhaqanka === {{Main|Dhaqanka Islaamka}} {{See also|Farshaxanka Islaamka|Dhismaha Islaamka|Suugaanta Islaamka|Islaamka iyo kubbadda cagta|Muslinka Dhaqanka}} [[File:Chinese-style minaret of the Great Mosque 2023.jpg|thumb|Minaaradda qaabka Shiinaha ee Masaajidka Weyn ee Xi'an, oo ka mid ah masaajidda ugu ee Shiinaha ee la dhisay 742 AD.]] Erayga "dhaqanka Islaamka" waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee u gaarka ah diinta, sida ciidaha iyo dharka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si dood ku jirto oo loogu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee dadka Muslinka ah ee dhaqanka ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Melikian |first=Souren |author-link=Souren Melikian |date=4 November 2011 |title='Islamic' Culture: A Groundless Myth |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/05/arts/05iht-rartmelikian05.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 November 2013}}</ref> Ugudambeyntii, "ilbaxnimada Islaamka" waxay sidoo kale u tilmaami kartaa dhinacyada dhaqanka isku-dhafka ah ee Khilafaadkii hore, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa aan Muslinka ahayn, mararka ka mid ahna loo yaqaano "Islaamiga".<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Wiley| isbn = 9781405155144| title =Islamicate Cosmopolitan Spirit | location = United Kingdom| year = 2021| last=Lawrence| first=Bruce| url =| page = xii| quote = }}</ref> Farshaxanka Islaamku wuxuu ka kooban yahay farshaxanka muuqaalka ah oo ay ku jiraan ilo kala duwan sida dhismaha, farta qurxoon, sawirka, iyo dhoobada, iyo kuwo kale.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ettinghausen |first1=Richard |first2=Oleg |last2=Grabar |first3=Marilyn |last3=Jenkins-Madina |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300088670/page/3 |title=Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-300-08869-8 |edition=2nd |page=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Suarez|first=Michael F.|title=The Oxford companion to the book|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780198606536|location=Oxford and New York|pages=331ff|chapter=38 The History of the Book in the Muslim World|oclc=50238944}}</ref> Iyadoo sameynta sawirrada noolaha inta badan ka laga fogaado oo u xiran sharciyada ka dhanka ah sanam-caabudidda, shuruuddan waxaa u fasiray ilo kala duwan culimo kala duwan iyo xilliyo taariikhi ah oo kala duwan. [[File:Masjid Menara Kudus.jpg|thumb|Masaajidka Menara Kudus ee qarnigii 16aad ee Indoneesiya, oo muujinaya saamaynta Hindiya.]] Xaddidaaddan waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu fashilo badnaanta farta qurxoon, joomatariya isku-dhafka ah, iyo qaababka sida ilaha muhiimka ah ee dhaqanka farshaxanka Islaamka.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Salim Ayduz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=or-6BwAAQBAJ&q=islamic+art+idolatry+geometry&pg=PA263 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam |last2=Ibrahim Kalin |last3=Caner Dagli |date=2014 |page=263|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-981257-8 |quote=Figural representation is virtually unused in Islamic art because of Islam's strong antagonism of idolatry. It was important for Muslim scholars and artists to find a style of art that represented the Islamic ideals of unity (''tawhid'') and order without figural representation. Geometric patterns perfectly suited this goal.}}</ref> Waxaa sii dheer, sawirka Muxammad waa arrin dood ka jirto dhexdeeda Muslinka.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=860736| title = An Indian Picture of Muhammad and His Companions | author = T. W. Arnold| journal = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs | author-link = T. W. Arnold| date = June 1919| volume = 34| issue = 195 | publisher = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 34, No. 195. | pages = 249–252}}</ref> Dhismaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, dhaqanka kala duwan wuxuu muujinayaa saamayn sida dhismaha Islaamka ee Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Isbaanishka sida Masaajidka Weyn ee Kairouan oo ka kooban tiirar marmar iyo borfiri ah oo ka yimid dhismayaashii Roomaanka iyo Bizantiinta,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Isichei |first=Elizabeth Allo |url={{Google books|LgnhYDozENgC|page=PA175|keywords=mosque%20kairouan%20roman columns|text=mosque+kairouan+roman+columns|plainurl=yes}} |title=A history of African societies to 1870 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-45599-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=175 |access-date=6 August 2010}}</ref> iyadoo masaajidda Indoneesiya inta badan leeyihiin saqafyo heerarka badan leh oo ka yimid qaabka dhaladka ah ee Jafa.<ref>{{cite book |first=Gunawan |last=Tjahjono |title=Indonesian Heritage-Architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/architecture00indo/page/88 |year=1998 |publisher=Archipelago Press |location=Singapore |isbn=981-3018-30-5 |pages=88–89 }}</ref> Taariikhda Islaamku waa taariikhda dayaxa oo ka bilaabanta Hijrada 622 CE, oo ah taariikh oo la sheegay inuu doortay Khaliif Cumar maadaama ay ahayd meel isbeddel muhiim ah u ahayd Muxammad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Muslim-calendar|title=Islamic calendar|website=www.britannica.com|date=|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> Maalmaha barakaysan ee Islaamku waxay ku beegan yihiin taariikho go'an oo ee taariikhda dayaxa, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay dhacaan xilliyo kala duwan sannado kala duwan oo ee taariikhda Miilaadiga. Ciidaha ugu muhiimsan Islaamka waa Ciidul Fitri (Carabi: عيد الفطر) ee 1-da Shawaal, oo calaamad u ah dhammaadka bisha soomanaanta ee Ramadaan, iyo Ciidul Adxa (Carabi: عيد الأضحى) ee 10-ka Dhul-Hijjah, oo ku beegan dhammaadka Xajka.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher =Oxford University Press| isbn =9780195165203| title =The Islamic World: Past and Present| year = 2004| last=Esposito| first=John| pages = 75–76 |ref=none}}</ref><ref name="www.britannica.com-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|title=Pillars of Islam &#124; Islamic Beliefs & Practices &#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|date=3 May 2023|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905102524/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|url-status=live}}</ref> Muslinka Dhaqanka waa shakhsiyaad aan cibaadaysaneyn oo wali lagu aqoonsado Islaamka iyadoo laga duulayo asalka qoyska, dhiirrigelinta shakhsiga ah, ama deegaanka bulshada iyo dhaqanka ee ay ku doorteen inay ku koran.<ref>{{cite book|first1= Cara|last1= Aitchison|author1-link= Cara Aitchison|first2= Peter E.|last2= Hopkins|author3-link= Mei-Po Kwan|author3= Mei-Po Kwan|title= Geographies of Muslim Identities: Diaspora, Gender and Belonging|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DRnthQxB8lYC&pg=PA147|access-date= 30 June 2013|year= 2007|publisher= Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn= 978-1-4094-8747-0|pages=147}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice|first=G. Hussein|last= Rassool|year= 2015| isbn=9781317441250| page =10|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_QsCgAAQBAJ&dq=Muslims+who+are+religiously+unobservant,+secular+or+irreligious+individuals+who+still+identify+with+the+Muslim&pg=PA10|quote=The label 'Cultural Muslim' is used in the literature to describe those Muslims who are religiously unobservant, secular or irreligious individuals who still identify with the Muslim culture due to family background, personal experiences, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up... For Cultural Muslim the declaration of faith is superficial and has no effect of their religious practices.}}</ref> === Siyaasada=== [[File:Scotusnfrieze.jpeg|thumb|Muxammad oo lagu muujiyay Adolph Alexander Weinman ee Dhismaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka ee Washington, DC isagoo wada seef iyo Qur'aan.]] Qayb badan oo ka mid ah qarnigii 20aad, aqoonsiga Islaamka iyo maamulka Islaamka ee arrimaha siyaasadda ayaa kordhay horraantii qarnigii 21aad. Siyaasadda Islaamka waa fasiraadda Islaamka oo loo arko il ka mid ah aqoonsiga iyo wax-qabadka siyaasadeed.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last1=Voll|first1=John O.|last2=Sonn|first2=Tamara|title=Political Islam|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/id/obo-9780195390155-0063|journal=Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets|year=2009|language=en|doi=10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0063|access-date=2017-05-26|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223165247/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0063.xml|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Waxay u doodaysaa dhisidda dawladda iyo bulshada sida ku cad (fahamka u doodayaasha) mabaadi'da Islaamka, halkaas oo Islaamku u shaqeeyo il ka mid ah jagooyinka iyo fikradaha siyaasadeed.<ref name=":02">Krämer, Gudrun. "Political Islam." In Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 6. Edited by Richard C. Martin, 536–540. New York: Macmillan, 2004. [http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam via Encyclopedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713072425/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam|date=2018-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=March|first1=Andrew F.|title=Political Islam: Theory|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|date=2015|volume=18|issue=1|pages=103–123|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141250|doi-access=free}}</ref> Siyaasadda Islaamka waxaa muriyaal ka dhex jira iyo kuwa ka baxsan tacliinta guud ahaan ugu adeegsadaan si isku mid ah ereyga Islaamiyadda,<ref name=":13" /> waxaana loo haystaa inuu yahay cunsur siyaasadeed oo ka mid ah Soo-reenka Islaamka oo bilaabmay qarnigii 20aad,<ref name=":13" /> halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa oo kaliya nooc kasta oo wax-qabad siyaasadeed oo ay sameeyaan Muslimiintu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale jirey dadaallo cusub oo lagu kala saarayo Islaamiyadda oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo ku basada diinta iyo siyaasadda Islaamka oo ah faham qaran oo casri ah oo ku saabsan Islaamka oo ay wadaagaan jilayaasha cilmaaniga ah iyo kuwa Islaamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jocelyne Cesari|year=2018|title=What Is Political Islam|url=https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.rienner.com|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-1-62637-692-2|archive-date=2023-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106160415/https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|url-status=live}}</ref> Kooxaha dhowr ah oo ku yaala Bariga Dhexe ayaa u kaftamay inay fikradaha casriynta ku xiraan faragelinta boqortooyadii gumaadkeedii. Wadamada Muslimka ah ee dhowr ah, gaar ahaan Masar iyo Bakistaan, dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo lid ku ah oo u janjeera dhanka diinta ayaa salka ku dhigtay. Sababaha waa kuwo dhinacyo badan leh. Burburkii Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu ahaa dhacdo baaxad weyn oo dhalisay gariirro badan. Gobolku wuxuu la kulmay jahwareer sannado badan maadaama waddamada Carabtu ay hoos tageen saamaynta dhaqanka iyo guulaystayaasha waddamada Yurub. Dhanka cadaadiska dhaqanka oo kordhayay Muslimiintu waxay adkeeyeen aqoonsigooda qaran iyo dhaxalkooda dhaqan, kooxaha qaar waxay ugafeen dhinacyada diinta. Masar dhexdeeda daciifnimada Muslimiinta waxaa lagu eedeeyay u kuปฏิบัตitaanka liidata ee qoraallada diinta. Sida ku cad Hassan al-Banna, dhaqanka Yurub wuxuu ahaa mid maaddiyad ku dhisan, anshax xumo ah oo ku batay ku-tagri-falka heerarka bulshada iyo ribada. === Sugaanta === {{Main|Islaamiga}} {{multiple image | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 600 | image1 = Saadi Tomb.jpg | image2 = Hafez 880714 095.jpg | footer = Qabuuraha Saadi, Hafez iyo Ferdowsi, saddexda abwaan ee ugu caansan Muslimiinta, oo dhammaantood ku yaalla Iran. | caption1 = | caption2 = | image3 = Tomb-of-Ferdowsi آرامگاه-فردوسی Davoud-Davoudi 1.jpg }} Shaqada ugu caansan ee khayaaliga ah ee ka timi dunida Islaamka waa Kumaan iyo Hal Habeen, oo ah ururin sheekooyin hoose/folklore oo ka soo jeeda Sanskriit, Faarisi, iyo ka dib fables Carab ah. Fikradda waxaa saameeyay nooc ka horreeyay Islaamka oo Faarisi ah oo loo yaqaannay Hezār Afsān (Kumaan Sheeko) oo ku tiirsanaa walxaha Hindida ee gaarka ah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Marzolph|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|title=Arabian Nights|year=2007|publisher=Brill|volume=I|location=Leiden}}</ref> Waxay gaadhay foomkeeda ugu dambeeyay qarnigii 14aad; tirada iyo nooca sheekooyinku waxay ku kala duwanaayeen farta gacanta mid ka mid ah mid kale.<ref name="arabianNights">Grant & Clute, p. 51</ref> Shaqadan waxay saameyn weyn ku lahayd Galbeedka tan iyo markii loo turjumay qarnigii 18aad, markii ugu horreysay oo uu turjumay Antoine Galland.<ref>L. Sprague de Camp, Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy, p. 10 {{ISBN|0-87054-076-9}}</ref> Ku-dayasho ayaa lagu qray, gaar ahaan Faransiiska.<ref name="arabianNights2">Grant & Clute, p 52</ref> Jilayaal kala duwan oo ka socda epik-kan ayaa iyaguna noqday calaamado dhaqameed ee dhaqanka Galbeedka, sida Aladdiin, Sindibad Nawaakhida iyo Cali Baba. Tusaale ka mid ah tixda Carabiga iyo tixda Faarisiga oo ku saabsan jacaylka waa Layla iyo Majnuun, oo dib u dhaceysa xilligii Umawiyiinta ee qarnigii 7aad. Waa sheeko naxdin leh oo ku saabsan jacayl aan dhimanayn. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, oo ah epik-ka qaranka ee Iran-ta Weyn, waa dib-u-sheegid khayaali iyo geesinimo leh oo ku saabsan taariikhda Faarisiga. Amir Arsalan wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa sheeko khayaali ah oo caan ah oo Faarisi ah. Ibn Tufayl (Abubacer) iyo Ibn al-Nafis waxay ahaayeen hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda. Ibn Tufail wuxuu qray riwaayaddii ugu horreysay ee Carabi ah Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) iyadoo cavab u ah Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, ka dibna Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sidoo kale qray riwaayad Theologus Autodidactus iyadoo cavab u ah Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Labada sheeko waxay lahaayeen jilayaal waaweyn (Hayy ee Philosophus Autodidactus iyo Kamil ee Theologus Autodidactus) oo ahaa carruur is-baray oo duurka ku voolaa oo ku noolaa go'doon kuyeel/jasiirad saxara ah, labaduba waxay ahaayeen tusaalayaasha ugu horreeyay ee sheeko jasiirad saxara ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halka Hayy uu ku nool yahay kaligiis xoolaha jasiiradda saxarada ah inta ka dhiman sheekada Philosophus Autodidactus, sheekada Kamil waxay ka dhib badan tahay jasiiradda saxarada ah ee Theologus Autodidactus, iyadoo u ekaanaysa sheekadii ugu horreysay oo la ogaaday oo ah koreera/hanaqaad oo ugu dambeyntii noqonaysa tusaalaha ugu horreeya ee riwaayadda sayniska khayaaliga ah.<ref>Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).</ref><ref>Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)] {{Wayback|url=http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 |date=20150404020329 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020329/http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615/|date=4 April 2015}}", pp. 95–101, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.</ref> Theologus Autodidactus,<ref>Muhammad b. Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufayl. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC Philosophus autodidactus, sive Epistola Abi Jaafar ebn Tophail de Hai ebn Yokdhan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004180638/https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC |date=4 October 2015 }}: in qua ostenditur, quomodo ex inferiorum contemplatione ad superiorum notitiam ratio humana ascendere possit. E Theatro Sheldoniano, excudebat Joannes Owens, 1700.</ref><ref>Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi. The Theologus autodidactus of Ibn al-Nafīs. Clarendon P., 1968</ref> oo uu qray aqoonyahanka Carabi Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFCuoqykV9QC&q=ibn+al+nafis+first+science+fiction+novel&pg=PA236|title=The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature|first=Gregory|last=Claeys|date=5 August 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139828420|via=Google Books}}</ref> wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa walxaha sayniska khayaaliga ah sida abuurista iskood u samaysanta, falanqaynta mustaqbalka, dhamaadka dunida iyo qiyaamaha, soo-tegga/sarakicidda, iyo nolosha ka dib. Halkii uu ka siin lahaa sharraxaad mucjiso ama khayaali ah dhacdooyinkan, Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu isku dayay inuu sharraxo walxaha sheekada iyada oo loo marayo aqoonta sayniska ee bijoolajiga, astronomy-ga, cosmology-ga iyo meelaha/juqraafiga oo lagu yaqaannay xilligiisa. Khayaaliga Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sharraxay baridda diinta Islaamka iyada oo loo marayo sayniska iyo falsafadda Islaamka.<ref name="Roubi">Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibnul-Nafees As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).</ref> Turjumaadaha Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus waxay ka muuqdeen Laatiin (1671), Inqiriisi (1708), Jarmal, iyo Dutch. Turjumaadahan luqadaha Yurub waxay ka dib saameyn ku yeesheen Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe<ref>Cyril Glasse (2001), New Encyclopaedia of Islam, p. 202, Rowman Altamira, {{ISBN|0-7591-0190-6}}.</ref> iyo Robert Boyle's The Aspiring Naturalist.<ref name="Toomer-222">G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.</ref> === Falsafadda === [[File:Persian Scholar pavilion in Viena UN (Rhazes&Khayyam).jpg|thumb|Scholars Pavilion waa taallo ay Iran ugu deeqday Xafiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee Vienna. Sannadlaha aqoonyahannadii Muslimka ahaa ee qarniyadii dhexe, Omar Khayyam, Al-Biruni, Rhazes iyo Avicenna ayaa ku dhex jira dhismaha.]] Astaamaha ugu caansan ee lagu qeexo falsafadda Islaamka waa "qaabka falsafadda ee lagu dhex abuuray qaabdhismeedka dhaqanka Islaamka."<ref name="RoutledgeEoP">[http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/H057 "Islamic Philosophy"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606082214/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/islamic-philosophy;jsessionid=B31B033F077DD5E68E09CC9D35C02105|date=6 June 2022}}, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998)</ref> Falsafadda Islaamka, qeexidtan laguma xidho arrimo diimeed oo keliya, mana aha mid ay Muslimiinta oo keliya curiyeen.<ref name="RoutledgeEoP" /> Aqoonyahanka Faarisiiga ah ee Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) wuxuu lahaa ka badan 450 buug oo loo tiriyo. Qoraalladiisu waxay ku saabsanaayeen maadooyin kala duwan, gaar ahaan falsafadda iyo daawada. Buuggiisa daawada ee The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo adeegsaday sida buugga heerka sare ah ee jaamacadaha Yurub ee qarniyo badan. Wuxuu sidoo kale qray The Book of Healing, oo ah encyclopediya saynis iyo falsafad saameyn leh.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ibn Sina [Avicenna]|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=2024|quote=The Cure...had momentous consequences...his philosophical system dominated intellectual history in both Shi’ite and most of Sunni Islam}}</ref> Shakhsiyad kale oo ka tirsan Casrigii Dahabiga ahaa ee Islaamka, Avicenna, wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay dugsigiisa falsafadda ee Avicennism, oo saameyn ku lahaa dhulka Islaamka iyo kan Masiixiga dhexdiisa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Saliba|first=George|author-link=George Saliba|date=1994|title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam|pages=245, 250, 256–257|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=0-8147-8023-7}}</ref> Falsafad kale oo saameyn ku lahaa falsafadda casriga ah wuxuu ahaa Ibn Tufail. Riwaayaddiisii falsafadda ahayd, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, oo loo turjumay Laatiin siday tahay Philosophus Autodidactus sannadkii 1671, waxay horumarisay mawduucyada empiricism, tabula rasa, dabiicadda iyo korinta, xaaladda suurtogalnimada, materialism,<ref>Dominique Urvoy, "The Rationality of Everyday Life: The Andalusian Tradition? (Aropos of Hayy's First Experiences)", in Lawrence I. Conrad (1996), The World of Ibn Tufayl: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān, pp. 38–46, Brill Publishers, {{ISBN|90-04-09300-1}}.</ref> iyo Molyneux's problem.<ref>Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufail and Léon Gauthier (1981), Risalat Hayy ibn Yaqzan, p. 5, Editions de la Méditerranée.</ref> Aqoonyahannada iyo qoraayaasha Yurub ee uu saameeyay riwaayaddan waxaa ka mid ah John Locke,<ref>Russell (1994), pp. 224–39</ref> Gottfried Leibniz,<ref name="Wainwright">Martin Wainwright, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/mar/22/featuresreviews.guardianreview1 Desert island scripts], The Guardian, 22 March 2003.</ref> Melchisédech Thévenot, John Wallis, Christiaan Huygens,<ref>Russell (1994) p. 227</ref> George Keith, Robert Barclay, Quakers,<ref>Russell (1994), p. 247</ref> iyo Samuel Hartlib.<ref name="Toomer-2222">G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.</ref> Falsafada Islaamku waxay sii waday horumarka falsafadda ilaa qarnigii 17aad, markii Mulla Sadra uu sameeyay dugsigiisa Transcendent theosophy oo uu horumaray fikradda existentialism-ka.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy|first=Muhammad|last=Kamal|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-5271-7|pages=9, 39|oclc=224496901}}</ref> Falsafado kale oo saameyn lahaa oo Muslimiin ah waxaa ka mid ah Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), oo ah hormuudka phenomenology iyo falsafadda sayniska iyo dhaleeceeyaha dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian iyo fikradda Aristotle ee goobta (topos); Al-Biruni, dhaleeceeye dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian; Ibn al-Nafis, hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, aasaasaha falsafadda Illuminationist; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, dhaleeceeye mantiqa Aristotelian iyo hormuudka mantiqa inductive-ka; iyo Ibn Khaldun, oo ah hormuudka falsafadda taariikhda.<ref name="Akhtar">S.R.W. Akhtar (1997). "The Islamic Concept of Knowledge", Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought & Culture 12 (3). https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol-12-no3/islamic-concept-knowledge-sayyid-wahid-akhtar</ref> === Sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada === [[File:Statue of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi in Urgench.jpg|thumb|Taallada Al-Khwarizmi ee Urgench, Uzbekistan.]] Ibn al-Haytham waxaa sidoo xaqiiqo ah loo arkaa aabbaha optics-ka, gaar ahaan cadeyntiisa empirik-ka ah ee aragtida intromission-ka ee iftiinka. Jim Al-Khalili wuxuu sheegay 2009 in Ibn al-Haytham 'loogu yeero inta badan "saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee dhabta ah ee dunida".'<ref>{{cite news |last=Al-Khalili|first=Jim|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7810846.stm|title=BBC News|date=4 January 2009|access-date=11 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426041228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm|archive-date=26 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Al-Khwarizmi wuxuu alifay nidaamyada log base-ka ee maanta loo adeecsado, wuxuu sidoo kale ka qaybqaatay theorems ee trigonometry iyo sidoo kale limits.<ref>Plofker, Kim (2009), Mathematics in India: 500 BCE–1800 CE, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-12067-6}}.</ref> Waxbarashooyinkii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujinayaan inay u badan tahay in fannaaniintii Muslimka ahayd ee Qarniyadii Dhexe ay ogaayeen geometriyada quasicrystal ee decagonal ah ee sare ee la helay kala bar millennium ka dib 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii ee Galbeedka, ayna u adeegsadeen shaqada tiled-ka ee dhismaha.<ref>Peter J. Lu, [http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html Harvard's Office of News and Public Affairs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314012002/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html|date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Dhaqaatiirta Muslimiinta ah waxay ka qaybqaateen sahanka daawada, oo ay ku jiraan anatomy iyo physiology: sida shaqadii Faarisiiga ahayd ee qarnigii 15aad ee uu sameeyay Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas ee loo yaqaan Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy-ga jirka) oo ku jireen sawirro guud oo ku saabsan habka jirka, dareemayaasha iyo habka wareegga dhiigga; ama shaqadii dhakhtarkii Masar Ibn al-Nafis, oo soo bandhigay aragtida wareegga dhiigga ee sambabada. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Abulcasis) wuxuu ka qaybqaatay edbinta qalliinka daawada buuggiisa Kitab al-Tasrif ("Buugga Tanaasulaadka"), oo ah encyclopediya daawa oo ka dib loo turjumay Laatiin oo loo adeegsaday iskoolada daawada ee Yurub iyo Muslimiinta ee qarniyo badan. Horumaro kale oo daawo ah waxay ka tulmeen dhinacyada pharmacology iyo pharmacy.<ref>Turner, H. (1997) pp. 136–38</ref> Saynisyahannada ugu caansan ee ka mid ah dunida Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe waxaa ka mid ah Jābir ibn Hayyān, al-Farabi, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Biruni, Avicenna, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, iyo Ibn Khaldun. Tiknoolajiyada dhexdeeda, dunida Islaamka waxay warqad-sameynta ka qaadatay Shiinaha.<ref name="Lucas">Adam Robert Lucas (2005), "Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe", Technology and Culture 46 (1), pp. 1–30 [10].</ref> Aqoonta baaruudda waxaa sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay Shiinaha iyada oo loo marayo waddamada badankooda Islaamka ah.<ref>Arming the Periphery. Emrys Chew, 2012. p. 1823.</ref> Horumar ayaa lagu sameeyay waraabinta iyo beeraha, iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyad cusub sida mishiinka dabaysha. Dalagyada sida lowska/almond iyo miraha sitrus waxaa loo keenay Yurub iyadoo loo marayo al-Andalus, oo beerashada sonkorta ayaa si tartiib-tartiib ah ay ugu ku-daydeen Yurubiyanku. Ganacsatada Carabta waxay maamuleen ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya ilaa imaatinka Boortaqiisku ee qarnigii 16aad. Hormuz wuxuu ahaa xarun muhiim ah oo ganacsigan ah. Waxaa sidoo kale ka jirey shabakad cufan oo waddooyinka ganacsiga ee Badda Dhexe, oo ay waddamada aqlabiyadda Muslimka ah ku ganacsan jireen kesooda iyo awoodaha Yurub sida Venice, Genoa iyo Catalonia (sido kale eeg: Indo-Mediterranean). Jidka Xariirta oo ka tallaabaya Aasiyada Dhexe wuxuu marayay dawlado Islaam ah oo u dhexeya Shiinaha iyo Yurub. Soo-bixidda boqortooyooyinka dhaqaale ee waaweyn oo leh kheyraad tiknoolajiyadeed ka dib qabsashadii Timur (Tamerlane) iyo soo-reenka Timurid Renaissance waxaa ka mid ah Boqortooyada Mali iyo Saltanaddii Bengal gaar ahaan, oo ah qaran ganacsi oo caalami ah oo dunida ku yaal, oo Yurubiyanku ku describe gareeyeen "waddanka ugu hodansan ee lagu ganacsado".<ref>Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. {{ISBN|978-81-8069-149-2}}. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.</ref> Iinjineerada Muslimiinta ee dunida Islaamka waxay sameeyeen isticmaalo warshadeed oo cusub oo hydropower ah, iyo isticmaalo warshadeed oo hore oo ah tidal power iyo wind power.<ref>Ahmad Y. al-Hassan (1976). Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, pp. 34–35. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.</ref> Isticmaalka warshadeed ee watermills ee dunida Islaamka wuxuu dib u dhacaa qarnigii 7aad, halka water mills-ka leh giraangiraha jiifa iyo kuwa taagan oo dhan loo adeegsanayay si weyn tan iyo ugu yaraan qarnigii 9aad. Mashiinno warshadeed oo kala duwan ayaa lagu adeegsanayay dunida Islaamka, oo ay ku jiraan fulling mills, gristmills, paper mills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills iyo windmills. Markii ay gaadhay qarnigii 11aad, gobol kasta oo ka mid ah dunida Islaamka wuxuu lahaa mashiinnadan warshadeed oo shaqaynaya, kuwo ka billowda al-Andalus iyo Waqooyiga Afrika ilaa Bariga Dhexe iyo Aasiyada Dhexe.<ref name="Lucas" /> Iinjineerada Muslimiinta waxay sidoo kale alifeen crankshafts iyo water turbines, waxay adeegsadeen gears ee mashiinnada iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada, waxayna hormuud u ahaayeen isticmaalka dam-yada sida il ka mid ah awoodda biyaha, oo loo adeegsaday in lagu siiyo awood dheeraad ah watermills iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada.<ref name="Hassan">Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering</ref> Horumaradan waxay suurtogal ka dhigeen in shaqooyinka warshadeed oo hore loogu kexayn jiray shaqaale hanto ama gacanta xilliyadii hore ay noqdaan kuwo la mishiineeyay oo lagu kexo mashiinno beddelkeeda dunidii Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe. Wareejinta tiknoolajiyadan oo loo wareejiyay Yurubtii qarniyadii dhexe waxay saameyn ku lahayd Industrial Revolution-ka, gaar ahaan ka soo jeeda proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal iyo Tipu Sultan's Kingdom, iyadoo loo marayo qabsashadii East India Company. === Aqsanta === [[File:Taj Mahal (Edited).jpeg|thumb|Taj Mahal ee India waxaa loo arkaa masterpiece si caalami ah loo bogsho oo ka tirsan World's Heritage, iyo mid ka mid ah Seven Wonders of the World.]] {{excerpt|Islamic architecture|only=paragraphs}} == Saamaynta diimaha kale, iyo Islaamiga == {{Main|Islaamiga|Islaamiga waddan ahaan}} [[File:Mohammed2.jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad iyo Rahibkii Sergius, oo uu sameeyay Lucas van Leyden, 1508 AD. Waxay muujineysaa Halsooreedkii Nabi Muxammad ee ku dhex wareegi jiray Yurub.]] [[File:La.Vie.de.Mahomet Christies.jpg|thumb|403x403px|Nabi Muxammad oo haysta seef iyo bilal halka uu ku tunto dunida, iskutallaabta, iyo Tobanka Amrood. Waxaa sameeyay Humphrey Prideaux, 1699.]] [[File:Nuremberg chronicles - Mohammed (CLIv).jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad oo fadhiya dhanka bidix, oo ku sawiran Nuremberg Chronicle, 1440 AD.]] Haddii dhaqdhaqaaqyada sida Druze,<ref>{{Cite book |last=De McLaurin |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalroleofm0000unse |title=The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East |publisher=Michigan University Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-03-052596-4 |page=114 |quote=Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles, the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Shireen |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofislami0000unse |title=The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and Unity: Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-253-34549-3 |page=33 |quote=Druze – An offshoot of Shi'ism; its members are not considered Muslims by orthodox Muslims.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=R. Williams |first=Victoria |title=Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 volumes] |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-4408-6118-5 |page=318 |quote=As Druze is a nonritualistic religion without requirements to pray, fast, make pilgrimages, or observe days of rest, the Druze are not considered an Islamic people by Sunni Muslims.}}</ref> Berghouata iyo Ha-Mim, ay ka soo baxeen Islaamka ama ay la wadaageen rumayntooda gaarka ah Islaamka, iyo haddii mid kastaa yahay diin gooni ah ama firqad ka mid ah Islaamka waa aragtiyo dood ku jiraan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=D. Grafton |first=David |title=Piety, Politics, and Power: Lutherans Encountering Islam in the Middle East |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-63087-718-7 |page=14 |quote=In addition, there are several quasi-Muslim sects, in that, although they follow many of the beliefs and practices of orthodox Islam, the majority of Sunnis consider them heretical. These would be the Ahmadiyya, Druze, Ibadi, and the Yazidis.}}</ref> Caqiidada Druze waxay sii kala qaybisay Ismaaciiliyada maadaama ay horumarisay caqiidooyinkeeda gaarka ah, waxayna ugu dambeyntii ka sootagday Ismaaciiliyada iyo Islaamka labadaba; kuwan waxaa ka mid ah rumaynta in Imaamka Al-Xaakim bi-Amr Allaah uu ahaa Ilaah jisoobay.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Poonawala |first=Ismail K. |date=July–September 1999 |title=Review: ''The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning'' by Heinz Halm |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_july-september-1999_119_3/page/542 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |publisher=American Oriental Society |volume=119 |issue=3 |page=542 |doi=10.2307/605981 |issn=0003-0279 |jstor=605981 |lccn=12032032 |oclc=47785421}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Bryer | first = David R. W. | title = The Origins of the Druze Religion (Fortsetzung) | journal = Der Islam | year = 1975 | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–262 | doi = 10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | s2cid = 162363556 | url = https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | issn = 1613-0928 | ref = {{harvid|Bryer|1975b}} | url-access = subscription }}</ref> Yazdânism waxaa loo arkaa isku-dhafan ka mid ah rumaynta dhaladka ee Kurdiida iyo caqiidada Suufiyada Islaamka ee loo soo bandhigay Kurdistan ee Sheekh Cadi ibn Musafir ee qarnigii 12aad.<ref>{{cite book |last=Foltz |first=Richard |title=Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present |date=7 November 2013 |isbn=978-1-78074-307-3 |page=219 |chapter=Two Kurdish Sects: The Yezidis and the Yaresan |publisher=Oneworld Publications |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access=}}</ref> Bábism waxay ka soo bilaabatay Shiicada Isnaashariyada ee martay Siyyid 'Ali Muhammad i-Shirazi al-Bab iyadoo mid ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri Baha'u'llah uu aasaasay Caqiidada Baha'i.<ref>{{cite web |last=House of Justice |first=Universal |title=One Common Faith |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/OCF/ocf-8.html |access-date=1 April 2017 |website=reference.bahai.org}}</ref> Yarsanism,<ref name="Z. Mir-Hosseini 1994, p.267">{{cite journal |last=Mir-Hosseini |first=Z. |date=1994 |title=Inner Truth and Outer History: The Two Worlds of the Ahl-e Haqq of Kurdistan |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1994-04_26_2/page/267 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=26 |pages=267–268}}</ref> Din-i Ilahi,{{sfnp|Roychoudhury|1941|page=306}} iyo Ali-Illahism<ref>{{Cite book |last=Layard |first=Austen Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&q=ali%2520illahism&pg=PA216 |title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum |date=2010-08-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108016773 |page=216 |language=en}}</ref> waxaa loo arkaa kuwo ka sootagay Islaamka. Sikhism, oo uu aasaasay Guru Nanak oo ku sugan Punjab qarnigii 15aad ee dambe, waxaa saameeyay Islaamku.<ref>{{cite book |last=Elsberg |first=Constance |date=2003 |title=Graceful Women |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |isbn=978-1-57233-214-0 |pages=27–28}}</ref> == Dhaleeceynta == {{Main|Dhaleeceynta Islaamka}} {{see also|Dhaleeceynta Muxammad|Dhaleeceynta Qur'aanka}} [[File:Jacques Courtois - Battle between Christians and Muslims.jpg|thumb|Dagaalkii ka dhex dhacay Muslinka iyo Masiixiyiinta xilligii Dagaalladii Saliibiyada, oo uu sameeyay Jacques Courtois.]] Dhaleeceynta Islaamku waxay jirtay tan iyo heeraradeedii ugu horreeyay. Dhaleeceyntii hore waxay ka timid qoraayaal Yahuud ah, sida Ibn Kammuna, iyo qoraayaal Masiixi ah, oo kuwo badan oo ka mid ah ay u arkayeen Islaamka bidco Masiixi ah ama nooc sanam-caabudid ah, iyagood inta badan ku fashilayay terms apocalyptic ah.{{sfnp|Fahlbusch et al|2001|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC|page=759}} 759]}} Qoraayaasha Masiixiyiinta ahi waxay dhaleeceeyeen sharraxaadaha laab-lakacsan ee Islaamku ka bixiyo jannada. Qarnigii sagaalaad aqoonyahankii Muslinka ahaa ee Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari wuxuu u dooday sharraxaadda Qur'aanka ee jannada iyadoo sheegaysa in Baybalku sidoo kale tilmaamayso fikradahaas, sida cabbidda khamriga ee jannada dhexdeeda oo ku jirta Injiilka Matayos. Caalimkii Masiixiga ahaa ee qarnigii 4aad Augustine ee Hippo caqiidooyinkiisu waxay keeneen diidmo baahsan oo ku saabsan raaxada jidhka ee nolosha iyo aakhiro dhexdeeda labadaba.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Christian Lange |title=Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-50637-3 |pages=18–20}}</ref> Sawirro aflaadaad ah oo ka dhan ah Muxammad, oo ka soo bilaabmay sawirraddii hore ee qarnigii 7aad ee Kaniisadda Ortodokska Bari ee Boqortooyada Bizantiinta,<ref>Reeves, Minou, and P. J. Stewart. 2003. ''Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making''. NYU Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8147-7564-6}}. p. 93–96.</ref> waxay ka muuqdaan gabayga qarnigii 14aad ee Divine Comedy oo uu qaray Dante Alighieri. Halkan, Muxammad waxaa lagu muujiyay goobta sideedaad ee jahannamada, iyadoo la joogo Cali. Dante ma eedayno Islaamka guud ahaan laakiin wuxuu eedaynayaa Muxammad kala qaybin, maadaama uu aasaasay diin kale Masiixiyadda ka dib.<ref name="Stone">Stone, G. 2006. ''Dante's Pluralism and the Islamic Philosophy of Religion''. Springer Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4039-8309-1}}. p. 53–54.</ref> Dhaleeceynaha kale waxay diiradda saaraan la-dhaqanka shakhsiyaadka ee gudaha waddamada casriga ah ee Muslinku ku badan yahay, oo ay ku jiraan arrimo ku saabsan xuquuqda aadanaha, goorta ay si dhow u la xiriirto fulinta sharciga Islaamka.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Yohanan|last1=Friedmann|year=2003|title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie/page/n31 18], 35|isbn=978-0-521-02699-4}}</ref> Sidoo kale, isbeddellada dhowaan ee dhaqammada kala duwan ka dib, kartida loo malaynayo inay leeyihiin soo-galootiga Muslinka ah ee Galbeedka si ay u la qabsadaan waa la dhaleeceeyay oo waxaa loo eedeeyay asalka Islaamka kuwo ka mid ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Modood |first=Tariq |url=https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo |title=Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach |date=6 April 2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35515-5 |edition=1st |page=[https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo/page/n43 29] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ugu dambeyntii cilmi-baaris{{what|date=April 2026}} waxay heshay in diindhaqameedka Islaamka oo sarreeya uu la xiriiro xagjirinimada Islaamka oo sarreysa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kamenowski |first1=Maria |last2=Manzoni |first2=Patrik |last3=Haymoz |first3=Sandrine |last4=Isenhardt |first4=Anna |last5=Jacot |first5=Cédric |last6=Baier |first6=Dirk |date=2021-06-17 |title=Religion as an influencing factor of right-wing, left-wing and Islamist extremism. Findings of a Swiss youth study |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=6 |article-number=e0252851 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0252851 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=8211158 |pmid=34138885 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1652851K }}</ref> === Ilaha === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Signs in the heavens |volume=2 |publisher=Amana Publications |year=2006 |isbn=1-59008-040-8}} * {{cite book |last=Arnold|first=Thomas |title=The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith.|volume= |publisher= |year=1896 |isbn=}} * {{Cite book |last=Bennett |first=Clinton |title=Interpreting the Qur'an: a guide for the uninitiated |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8264-9944-8 |page=101 |author-link=Clinton Bennett}} * {{cite book |last=Blankinship |first=K. |year=2008 |chapter=The early creed |editor=T. Winter |title=The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology |series=Cambridge Companions to Religion |pages=33–54 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/CCOL9780521780582.003|isbn=978-0-521-78058-2 }} * {{Cite book |last=Brockopp |first=Jonathan E. |title=Islamic Ethics of Life: abortion, war and euthanasia |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-57003-471-8}} *{{Cite book|last=Bulliet|first=Richard| publisher = Houghton Mifflin| isbn = 0-618-42770-8| title = The Earth and Its Peoples | location = Boston| year = 2005| url = | page = | quote = }} * {{Cite book |last=Burge|first=Stephen|year=2015|title=Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi akhbar al-mala'ik |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-50473-0}} * {{cite book |last=Çakmak |first=Cenap |title=Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia |series=4 volumes |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-61069-217-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Campo |first=Juan E. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC}} * {{Cite book |last=Chittick |first=William C |title=Sufism: A Beginner's Guide |year=2008 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-78074-052-2 |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=LI0kjBlXS5UC}} |access-date=17 January 2015}} * {{Cite book |last=Cohen-Mor |first=Dalya |title=A Matter of Fate: The Concept of Fate in the Arab World as Reflected in Modern Arabic Literature |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513398-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Curtis |first=Patricia A. |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetofoodlawsr0000curt |title=A Guide to Food Laws and Regulations |publisher=Blackwell Publishing Professional |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8138-1946-4 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0000espo |title=Islam: The Straight Path |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-511234-4 |edition=3rd |author-link=John Esposito}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford History of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-510799-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john |editor-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford History of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-510799-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john |editor-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/unholywarterrori0000espo |title=Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002a |isbn=978-0-19-516886-0 |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |title=What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002b |isbn=978-0-19-515713-0 |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0001espo |title=Islam: The Straight Path |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-19-518266-8 |edition=Revised 3rd |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Islam: The Straight Path |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-539600-3 |edition=4th |author-mask=1}} * {{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |year=2011 |title=What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam |edition=2nd |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-979413-3 |author-mask=1}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20080204031050/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/book_wenkai.html Lay summary] * {{Cite book |last1=Esposito |first1=John |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsonamerica00yvon |title=Muslims on the Americanization Path? |last2=Haddad |first2=Yvonne Yazbeck |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-513526-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Farah |first=Caesar |title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances |publisher=Barron's Educational Series |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-8120-1853-0 |edition=5th |author-link=Caesar E. Farah}} * {{Cite book |last=Farah |first=Caesar |url=https://archive.org/details/islambeliefsobse00fara_0 |title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances |publisher=Barron's Educational Series |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7641-2226-2 |edition=7th |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Firestone |first=Reuven |title=Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-512580-1}} * {{Cite book | last1=Goldschmidt | first1=Arthur Jr. |title=A Concise History of the Middle East |last2=Davidson |first2=Lawrence |publisher=Westview Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8133-4275-7 |edition=8th |url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0008gold |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last1=Griffith |first1=Ruth Marie |author1-link=Ruth Marie Griffith |title=Women and Religion in the African Diaspora: Knowledge, Power, and Performance |last2=Savage |first2=Barbara Dianne |author2-link=Barbara D. Savage |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8018-8370-5}} * {{Cite book |last1=Haddad |first1=Yvonne Yazbeck |last2=Smith |first2=Jane I. |author-link=Jane Idleman Smith |title=Muslims in the West: Visible and Invisible |place=Walnut Creek, CA |publisher=Altamira |year=2002}} * {{Cite book |last=Hedayetullah |first=Muhammad |title=Dynamics of Islam: An Exposition |publisher=Trafford Publishing |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-55369-842-5}} * {{Cite book |editor-last1=Holt |editor-first1=P.M. |editor-last2=Lewis |editor-first2=Bernard |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-521-29136-1 |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=1 |author-link2=Bernard Lewis}} * {{Cite book |editor-last1=Holt |editor-first1=P.M. |editor-last2=Lambton |editor-first2=Ann K.S. |editor2-link=Ann Lambton |editor-last3=Lewis |editor-first3=Bernard |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-521-29137-8 |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=2}} * {{Cite book |editor-last1=Holt |editor-first1=P.M. |editor-last2=Lambton |editor-first2=Ann K.S. |editor-last3=Lewis |editor-first3=Bernard |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=1A |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-521-21946-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory00holt_798 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last1=Hourani |first1=Albert |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofarabpeo0122hour_06BYS |title=A History of the Arab Peoples |publisher=Belknap Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-674-01017-8 |author-link=Albert Hourani}} * {{cite book |title=The Caliphate of Banu Umayyah the first Phase, Ibn Katheer, Taken from Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah |author=Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr |isbn=978-603-500-080-2 |translator=Yoosuf Al-Hajj Ahmad |place=Riyadh |publisher=Maktaba Dar-us-Salam |year=2012}} * {{Cite book |last=Kobeisy |first=Ahmed Nezar |title=Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the Faith and Helping the People |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-313-32472-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Kramer |first=Martin |title=Shi'Ism, Resistance, and Revolution |publisher=Westview Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-8133-0453-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-521-77933-3 |edition=2nd}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |title=The Jews of Islam |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-7102-0462-2 |author-link=Bernard Lewis}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |title=The Arabs in History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-19-285258-8 |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/middleeastbriefh0000lewi |title=The Middle East |publisher=Scribner |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-684-83280-7 |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islaminhistory00bern |title=Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East |publisher=Open Court Publishing Company |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-8126-9518-2 |edition=2nd |author-mask=1 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/whatwentwrongcl00lewi |title=What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East |publisher=Harper Perennial |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-06-051605-5 |edition=reprint |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/crisisofislam00bern |title=The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror |publisher=Random House, Inc., New York |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8129-6785-2 |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-521-64696-3 |author-link=Wilferd Madelung}} * {{Cite book |last1=Malik |first1=Jamal |title=Sufism in the West |last2=Hinnells |first2=John R. |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-27408-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Momen |first=Moojan |title=An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-300-03531-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyed Hossein |author-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr |year=2003 |title=The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity}} * {{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyed Muhammad |url=https://archive.org/details/ourreligions00shar |title=Our Religions: The Seven World Religions Introduced by Preeminent Scholars from Each Tradition (Chapter 7) |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-06-067700-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Nigosian |first=Solomon Alexander |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-253-21627-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Peacock|first=A.C.S.|title=Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia|date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume= |page=|doi= 10.1017/9781108582124|isbn=978-1-108-58212-4|s2cid=211657444}} * {{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |url=https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-691-11553-5}} * {{Cite report |date=October 2009 |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf |access-date=25 May 2020 |ref={{sfnref|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009}} }} [https://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ Overview]. * {{Cite book |last=Rippin |first=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimstheirreli0000ripp |title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-415-21781-1 |edition=2nd |author-link=Andrew Rippin}} * {{cite book |last=Roychoudhury |first=Makhanlal |year=1941 |title=The Din-i Ilahi, or, The Religion of Akbar |publisher=University of Calcutta |oclc=3312929 |url=https://archive.org/details/diniilahiorthere031361mbp |via=Internet Archive}} * {{cite journal |last=Serjeant |first=R.B. |date=1978 |title=Sunnah Jami'ah, pacts with the Yathrib Jews, and the Tahrim of Yathrib |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=41 |pages=1–42 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00057761 |s2cid=161485671 }} * {{Cite book |last=Sachedina |first=Abdulaziz |title=The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-511915-2 |author-link=Abdulaziz Sachedina}} * {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Jane I. |author-link=Jane Idleman Smith |title=The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-515649-2}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Stefon |editor-first=Matt |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last1=Ṭabāṭabāʼī |first1=Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn |title=Shi'ite Islam |translator-last=Nasr |translator-first=Seyyed Hossein |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-272-9 |author-link=Allameh Tabatabaei}} * {{Cite book |last=Teece |first=Geoff |url=https://archive.org/details/islam0000teec_a5d6 |title=Religion in Focus: Islam |publisher=Franklin Watts Ltd |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7496-4796-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Trimingham |first=John Spencer |title=The Sufi Orders in Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-512058-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Colin |title=Islam: the Basics |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-34106-6 |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Bryan S. |title=Weber and Islam |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-17458-9 |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Waines |first=David |title=An Introduction to Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-53906-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |title=The Formative Period of Islamic Thought |publisher=University Press Edinburgh |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-85224-245-2 |author-link=William Montgomery Watt}} * {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadprophets00watt |title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-19-881078-0 |edition=New |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Weiss |first=Bernard G. |title=Studies in Islamic Legal Theory |publisher=Brill Academic publishers |year=2002 |isbn=978-90-04-12066-2 |location=Boston |author-link=Bernard G. Weiss}} {{Refend}} === Qaamuusyo iyo encyclopedias === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{harvc |last1=Gardet|first1=L.|last2=Jomier|first2=J.|year=2012|c=Islām |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0387}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Fahlbusch et al|2001}} |editor-last=Fahlbusch |editor-first=Erwin |display-editors=etal |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC}} |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=2001 |isbn=978-90-04-11695-5 |volume=2}} * {{cite encyclopedia |year=1913–1936 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor1-last=Houtsma |editor1-first=M.T. |editor1-link=Martijn Theodoor Houtsma |editor2-first=T.W. |editor2-last=Arnold |editor2-link=Thomas Walker Arnold |editor3-first=R. |editor3-last=Basset |editor4-first=R. |editor4-last=Hartmann |edition=1st |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-08265-6 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (1st ed.)|1913–1936}}}} * {{cite encyclopedia |year=2012 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |edition=2nd |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012}}}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|n.d.}} |date=n.d. |url=https://brill.com/view/package/eio?language=en |url-access=subscription}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World |series=Macmillan Reference Books |publisher=Thomson-Gale |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofis0001unse |editor-last=Martin |editor-first=Richard C. |isbn=978-0-02-865603-8}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |date=n.d. |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |editor-link=Jane Dammen McAuliffe}} * {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=2 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2002}} * {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=3 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2003}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Salamone |editor-first=Frank |edition=1st |isbn=978-0-415-94180-8 |series=Routledge Encyclopedias of Religion and Society |volume=6 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre00sala |jstor=j.ctt1jd94wq |year=2004}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas |editor-last=Glassé |editor-first=Cyril |series=Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam |isbn=978-0-7591-0190-6 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada |url-access=registration}} {{doi|10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001}} – via Oxford Reference. * {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |year=2004 |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-975726-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |title=The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=isDgI0-0Ip4C|page=}} |editor-last=Leaman |editor-first=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-32639-1}} {{Refend}} == Akhrin dheeraad ah == {{Refbegin}} * Abdul-Haqq, Abdiyah Akbar (1980). ''Sharing Your Faith with a Muslim''. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers. ''N.B''. Presents the genuine doctrines and concepts of Islam and of the Holy Qur'an, and this religion's affinities with Christianity and its Sacred Scriptures, in order to "dialogue" on the basis of what both faiths really teach. {{ISBN|0-87123-553-6}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2008 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |publisher=SAGE; Cato Institute |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |last=Ahmad |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Islam |author-link=Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-first=Ronald |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |pages=256–258 |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n155 |isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4 |lccn=2008009151 |oclc=750831024 |url={{Google books|yxNgXs3TkJYC|plainurl=yes}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Akyol |first=Mustafa |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwithoutextr0000akyo |title=Islam Without Extremes |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-393-07086-6 |edition=1st |author-link=Mustafa Akyol}} * {{Cite book |last=Arberry |first=A.J. |url=https://archive.org/details/koraninterpreted00ajar |title=The Koran Interpreted: A Translation |publisher=Touchstone |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-684-82507-6 |edition=1st |author-link=A. J. Arberry}} * Cragg, Kenneth (1975). ''The House of Islam'', in ''The Religious Life of Man Series''. Second ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company 1975. xiii, 145 p. {{ISBN|0-8221-0139-4}}. * {{Cite book |last=Hafez |first=Sherine |title=An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements |year=2011 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=9780814773055 |url=https://opensquare.nyupress.org/books/9780814790724/}} * {{Cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Muhammad Muhsin |title=Noble Quran |last2=Al-Hilali Khan |last3=Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=1999 |isbn=978-9960-740-79-9 |edition=1st |author-link=Muhammad Muhsin Khan}} * Khanbaghi, A, (2006). ''The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran''. I. B. Tauris. * Khavari, Farid A. (1990). ''Oil and Islam: the Ticking Bomb''. First ed. Malibu, Calif.: Roundtable Publications. viii, 277 p., ill. with maps and charts. {{ISBN|0-915677-55-5}}. * {{Cite book |title=The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-965-224-040-8 |editor-last=Kramer |editor-first=Martin |editor-link=Martin Kramer}} * {{Cite book |last=Kuban |first=Dogan |title=Muslim Religious Architecture |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=1974 |isbn=978-90-04-03813-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwest00lewi_0 |title=Islam and the West |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-19-509061-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesinconfli0000lewi |title=Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-510283-3 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Mubarkpuri |first=Saifur-Rahman |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Prophet |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-59144-071-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Najeebabadi |first=Akbar Shah |title=History of Islam |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-59144-034-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Sayilgan |first=Salih |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/god-evil-and-suffering-in-islam/C4C89591ADAAF25F104D517C4F4634B3 |title=God, Evil, and Suffering in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9781009377294}} * {{Cite book |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |url=https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |title=Deciphering the Signs of God: A Phenomenological Approach to Islam |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7914-1982-3 |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422154518/https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book |last=Schuon |first=Frithjof |title=Understanding Islam |publisher=Allen & Unwin |year=1963 |isbn=978-0941532242 |edition=3rd |author-link=Frithjof Schuon}} * {{Cite book |last=Stoddard |first=Lothrop |title=The New World of Islam |publisher=Chapman & Hall |year=1922 |url=https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/24107}} * {{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Benjamin |title=Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith |publisher=Peter Owen Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7206-1038-3 |author-link=Benjamin Walker (author)}} {{Refend}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam "Islam"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/index.shtml Religion & Ethics – Islam] Maqaallo hordhac u ah Islaamka oo ka socda BBC ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} 8azfgm44e7xd0q9hqu10xek95h58ucb 14 2491 307411 266974 2026-09-07T19:00:10Z ~2026-48516-21 47297 307411 wikitext text/x-wiki <references />soamaaliya waxaa soo martey boqortooyo la dhihi jirey boqortooyadii Gasaargude waxa ay ka mid eheed boqotooyinka soamaaliya soo marey kuwa ugu awoodo badan fa dhigeeduna uu yahay gobalka gado ee degmada luuq ganaane qarniyo badan ayey jirtey waa muhiim in la barto tariikhda soomaaliya maanta la jogaaago dadka badankii ma daneyaa taariikhda soomaaliya intaas baan ku darsan lahaa c4rq6serzhdiaksm0cbct44aevhjvw2 307415 307411 2026-09-07T19:58:32Z Isma4l 41797 La ilaaliyay "[[Category:Gumud]]": Qabyb leh tiro aad ubadan ([Wax ka badal=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn) [Wareeji=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn)) 307411 wikitext text/x-wiki <references />soamaaliya waxaa soo martey boqortooyo la dhihi jirey boqortooyadii Gasaargude waxa ay ka mid eheed boqotooyinka soamaaliya soo marey kuwa ugu awoodo badan fa dhigeeduna uu yahay gobalka gado ee degmada luuq ganaane qarniyo badan ayey jirtey waa muhiim in la barto tariikhda soomaaliya maanta la jogaaago dadka badankii ma daneyaa taariikhda soomaaliya intaas baan ku darsan lahaa c4rq6serzhdiaksm0cbct44aevhjvw2 307416 307415 2026-09-07T19:59:39Z Isma4l 41797 307416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{qari}} Maqaaladaan hoos ku quran waa gumud (Cillan); Waa maqaal gaaban, hadane ey ka maqanyihiin faahfaahino iyo isha-xogta laga soo qaatay. Fadlan balaari kuna dar waxii maclumaad ah oo aad ka taqaano maqaaladan. {{commons|Category:Stub icons}} be4pzmeukk1ah95fk9d6l7k6xxvnr9g 0 3720 307414 304282 2026-09-07T19:41:34Z Soalt 39618 template:Dalalka Ameerikada Koonfureed 307414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jamhuuriyada Beru |conventional_long_name = ''República del Perú'' |common_name = Peru |qaarada = [[Ameerikada koonfureed]] |sawir_calan = Flag of Peru.svg |sawir_qaran = |astaan_calan = |image_map = LocationPeru.svg |caasimada = [[Lima]] |luuqadaha = |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |magac_hogaamiye1=[[Keiko Fujimori]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $20,116<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $380.900 billion<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $10,960<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |established_event1 = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_date1 = |area = 1285216 |areami² = |biyo = |population_estimate = 34352720 |population_estimate_year = 2023 |lacagta = |wakhti = |furaha_debeda = |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} '''Beru''' ama '''Jamhuuriyada Beru''' waa wadan ku yaalo galbeedka [[koonfur Ameerika]]. Wadankaan waxuu xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Ikwadoor]], [[Kolombiya]], [[Barasiil]], [[Boliifiya]], iyo [[Jili]]. Beru waa waddan dimoqraadi ah oo u qaybsan 25 gobol. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay sida suuqa soo koraya oo leh heerka sare ee horumarinta aadanaha iyo heer dhexdhexaad ah dhexdhexaad ah oo leh saboolnimo sababa 19 boqolkiiba. Waa mid ka mid ah dhaqaalaha ugu caansan gobollada oo leh celcelis koror ah oo ah 5.9% waxana uu leeyahay mid ka mid ah heerka ugu sarreeya ee warshadaha adduunka ee celceliska 9.6%. Hawlaha dhaqaalaha ee ugu weyn waxaa ka mid ah macdanta, wax soo saarka, beeraha iyo kalluumeysiga; oo ay weheliyaan qaybo kale oo sii kordhaya sida isgaarsiinta iyo biyotechnology. Beru waxay ka mid tahay Buumaha Baasifiga, oo ah koox siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale oo ka tirsan [[Kolombiya]], [[Meksiko]] iyo [[Jili]], kuwaas oo wadaagaya isbeddellada guud ee kobaca wanaagsan, aasaaska dhaqaalaha ee xasillooni-darrada, maamul-wanaajin iyo furfurnaan ku-socoshada caalamka. Beru waxay ka tiirsan tahay xorriyadda bulshada waxana ay leedahay heerka saddexaad ee ugu hooseeya ee dilalka Koonfurta Ameerika; waa xubin firfircoon oo ka mid ah Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha ee Asia-Pacific, Isbahaysiga Hawlaha Baasifigga, Iskaashiga Dib-u-dejinta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamka; waxaana loo tixgeliyaa awood dhexe. [[File:Peru Machu Picchu Sunrise.jpg|400px|right|thumb|Machu Picchu ]] Beru waxay leedahay dad badan oo isku dhafan oo ka badan 31 milyan, oo ay ku jiraan Amerindians, Yurubiyaanka, Afrikaan iyo Asians. Luuqada ugu weyn ee lagu hadlo waa Isbaanish, inkastoo tiro badan oo Peruvians ah ay ku hadlaan [[Quechua]], [[Aymara]] ama luuqado kale oo afka hooyo ah. Tani waxay isku dhafan tahay dhaqanka dhaqameed waxay keentay kala duwanaansho kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin farshaxanka, cunnada, suugaanta, suugaanta iyo muusikada. ==Daadka Degaan Beru== * {{Flag|Spain}} 5000 * {{Flag|United States}} 1000+ * {{Flag|China}} 500+ ==Xubin== * [[IADB]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[IMF]] * [[Mercosur]] [[File:Vista aérea del estadio nacional del Perú (2021).jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] {{Dalalka Ameerikada Koonfureed}} q2tjenkj5b5bvvlxq0vacomkfrcpz3i 0 4621 307458 289088 2026-09-07T21:43:10Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307458 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan Bunka. ::''Bogaga "Koofi", "Coffee" iyo "Qaxwe" halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay. {{Infobox beverage | name = Bun | image = [[File:A small cup of coffee.JPG|275px|alt=Koob Bun ah]] | caption = Koon Bunka madoow ah | type = Kuleyl ama qaboow (sida badan kuleyl) | origin = [[Jabuuti]][[Itoobiya]](noocyadii ugu horeeyay ee la cabo) | introduced = Qiyaastii qarnigii 15aad | color = Madoow, coowlaan, madoow cowlan, cowlaan khafiif ah | flavor = Qadhaadh markuu bila sokorta yahay }} '''Bun''', '''[[Qaxwe]]''' ({{lang-ar|قهوة}}; {{lang-it|caffè}}; {{lang-en|coffee}}) waa [[midho]] la jajabiyey oo lagu kariyey [[biyo]] (inta badan [[kul]]eyl ah, laakiin mararka qaar waxaa jira mid qaboow) kaasi oo [[dad]]ku cabaan. Sida caadiga ah, Bunku waa [[cabitaan]] ka mid ah [[cunto]]da kaas oo laga sameeyo [[midho|midhaha]] [[geed]]ka bunka.<ref>"Magacyada ugu caansan Koofiga; '''Bun''', '''[[Qaxwe]]'''"</ref> Geedka bunka oo lagu magacaabo ''Koffea'' wuxuu asal ahaan ka yimid wadanka Somalia maanta waxaa soo saara oo ka [[ganacsi|ganacsada in ka badan 70 wadan]] oo intooda u badan degan [[Dhulbadhe|gobolada Dhulbadhaha]] ee ka mid yihiin [[Ameerika|labada Ameeriko]] (Koonfur iyo Waqooyi Amerika), [[Aasiya|koonfurbari Aasiya]], [[Hindiya]] iyo [[Afrika|wadano badan oo qaarada Afrika]]. Labada nooc ee ugu caansan Bunka la isticmaalo waxay kala yihiin nooca loogu jecelyahay e [[Carab|Bunka Carabta]] iyo nooc ka khafiifsan oo lagu magacaabo [[Koofi|Bunka Robusta]]. Marka midhaha koofigu bislaado ayaa laga soo guraa geedka Caffea, ka dib waa la qalajiyaa, la jajabiyaa ilaa la baceeyo oo la dhoofiyo. Caalamka maanta aan ku noolnahay Bunku caan ayuu ka yahay, meelo badana waxaa looga isticmaala si joogto ah kaasi oo ka mid ah nolosha maalinle. Bunka wuxuu leeyahay xoogaa asiidh ah (pH 5.0–5.1<ref>[http://www.thecoffeefaq.com/7health.html#coffeeacidic Coffee and Health]. Thecoffeefaq.com (2005-02-16). Retrieved January 22, 2013.</ref>) wuxuuna fifircooni siiyaa [[maskax]]da dadka sababtoo ah wuxuu leeyahay aalada loo yaqaano "''Kaffeine''" oo ah mid lala qabsado. <ref>Total and specific fluid consumption as determinants of bladder cancer risk, 2006 Villanueva Cristina M., Cantor Kenneth P., King Will D., Jaakkola Jouni J.K., Cordier Sylvaine, Lynch Charles F., Porru Stefano, Kogevinas Manolis, International Journal of Cancer</ref> Midhaha koofigu waa kuwo yaryar, wareegsan oo leh midab madoow ah. Midhaha koofiga waa la burburiyaa si loogu dhex milo [[biyo]] iyo [[sonkor]]. Markii la fiiriyo dhaqanka [[Soomaali]]yeed, bunka waxaa inta badan la isticmaalaa [[habeen]]ka iyo subaxa jimcaha. Gobolada qaar, gaar ahaan koonfurta Soomaaliya waxaa caan ka ah bunka iyo cambuulada, [[Daango]] iyo [[Shaax]]; kuwaasi oo ah cunto fudud oo dadku isticmaalaan wakhtiyo badan. Bunka [[soomaaliya]] waa uu ka baxaa, laakiin wadanka ugu horeeyay aduunka oo bunka isticmaalay waxee eheed wadanka [[Itoobiya]]. Maanta bunka waxaa laga soo saaraa meelo badan oo caalamka ah. Bunka waxaa kaloo loo isticmaalaa gaxwo ahaan oo dad ka soomaamiyeed aad u is ticmaalaan qaasatan subaxdii. == Asalka Bunka == Sidaa dhabta ah, dhaqanka cabbitaanka bunka wuxuu ka soo jeedaa waddanka Somalia. Waxaa jira laba xogo oo ka hadlaya asalka qaxwada iyo imaanshaheeda Yaman: mid waxa ay u tiirisaa Jamaal-Diin al-Dhabhaani, ta kalena oo u muuqata inay ka saxsan tahay — waxa ay uu nisbaynaysa Cali bin Cumar al-Shadhili. Laba xog waxa ay isku raacsan yihiin hal qodob: in qaxwadu ka timid Saylac ama Berri Saylac (Bilad Zeila) ka hor inta aanay gaadhin Yaman, halkaas oo markii dambe lagu ogaaday. Imaam Cabdulqaadir al-Jaziiri al-Xanbali (w. 977H) waxa uu qoraal ku sheegay in fiditaanka qaxwadu la xidhiidhay Jamaal al-Diin al-Dhabhaani. Waxa uu ka tegay Cadan, isaga oo safar ugu baxay Zayla, halkaas oo uu ku arkay dad cabbaya. Markii uu Cadan ku noqday ayuu isagu cabbay, wuxuuna dareemay in jidhku firfircoonaan ku helayo. Qoraal kale oo qarnigii 16aad ah waxa uu xusay in qofkii ugu horreeyay ee Yaman qaxwada keena uu ahaa Cali bin Cumar al-Shadhili, isla markaana ay qaxwadu markii ugu horreysay lagu bartay Boqortooyada Barr Sa’d al-Diin (بر سعد الدين) iyo al-Jabart (الجبرت) (ama dhulka Soomaalida). Manuskribyo kale ayaa sidoo kale xaqiijinaya in Cali bin Cumar al-Shadhili ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee Yaman qaxwada gaadhsiiyay: Qoraal uu qoray Abuu Bakr bin Ismaaciil al-Makki al-Shaafici (w. 917H). Qoraal kale oo uu qoray Xuseen Maxamed Murtaḍaa sanadkii 1191H. Manuskrib uu qoray Ibn Mashra’ (917H) waxa uu ku sheegay fadailka bunka inay tahay “geed Janno ku beeran” oo ay bexeen 70,000 malag oo loogu yeedho “geedka tasalliga”. Markii Aadam (CS) dhulka loo dejiyay, ayuu geedkan Jannada kaga soo qaaday, kuna tuuray Zayla, halkaas oo uu ku baxay. Qoraal maanseed la yidhaahdo Jalb al-Zaboon fi Madh al-Bunn, oo uu qoray taariikhyahanka iyo qoraaga Xamza al-Naashiri, ayaa isna xusaya in asalka beerista qaxwadu ka soo bilowday Zayla, ka dibna ay u gudubtay Yaman.<gallery> [[File:Coffea-arabica-berries.JPG|thumb|Bun]] [[File:YosriKopi.jpg|thumb|right]] [[File:Carte Coffea robusta arabica 2.png|thumb|Wadamada Bunka beera]] </gallery> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Shaax]] * [[Matte]] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Bun]] [[Category:Kushiinka Soomaalida]] 5phvv3c8x4chl72hnduca7e7m2z2b9a 0 4622 307457 218747 2026-09-07T21:42:11Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307457 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tea-224-nevit.jpg|thumb|260px|Shaax]] [[File:World Map Tea Production.svg|thumb|250px|Wadamada beera Geedka Shaaha]] [[File:Tea bag.JPG|thumb|right|250px|shaax,Macaduwan]] '''Shaax''' ama '''Shaah''' waa cabitaan kulul, oo dadka energi siiyo shaaxa waxaa laga sameeyaa geed caleentiis, waxoona ka baxaa wadamada qaarkood, soomaaliya woo ka baxaa. shaax waxoo dhaqan ka yahay wadamada aasiya gaar ahaan wadanka hindiya, [[aduunka]] oo dhan neh waa laga isticmaalaa. soomaalida badankooda shaaxa waxee isticmaalaan galabtiga cassirka iyo subixi aroorti. Cuntada neh wee ku cunaan, sida Canjeerada ama Muufada. * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20051108/Drinking-Tea-the-Chinese-Way/ Drinking Tea the Chinese Way] ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Bun]] *[[Matte]] {{cunto}} kh4aii3o5e89fegxoqu9spytnf71418 0 4623 307450 223641 2026-09-07T21:32:13Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daango''' ama '''salool''' ({{lang-en|''popcorn''}}; {{lang-ar|فشار (تسالي)}}) waa [[galey]] la dubay. oo korkana kaleh wax cadaan ah. Daango waa cunto lagu baashaalo ama la iska cuno, oo aan lagu dhargin. {{taxobox | image = Popcorn - Studio - 2011.jpg | image_caption = Galley dubnayn | image2 = Popcorn.jpg | image2_caption = Galley la xasiiday | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Dhir]] | unranked_classis = [[Geed]] | unranked_ordo = [[Firi]]leey | ordo = [[Galley]] | familia = [[Arabakhi]] | genus = ''[[Xasiid]]'' | species = '''''Dubaney''''' | subspecies = '''''Zalool''''' | trinomial = ''Salool'' }} [[File:Popcorn02.jpg|thumb|Daango]] [[File:Popcorn - Studio - 2011.jpg|thumb|]] {{cunto}} kl1ojwwrlvhkcmch04x6kneg0jowlww 0 4652 307445 305794 2026-09-07T21:03:06Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:FoodMeat.jpg|thumb|Noocyo kala duwan oo hilib ah]] '''Hilib'''({{lang-en|meat}}; {{lang-ar|لحم}}) waa [[jiidh]]ka [[xayawaan]]ka kaasi oo dadku u quutaan [[cunto]] ahaan.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lawrie|first=R. A.|author2=Ledward, D. A.|title=Lawrie’s meat science|url=https://archive.org/details/lawriesmeatscien0000lawr|publisher=Woodhead Publishing Limited|location=Cambridge|year=2006|edition=7th|isbn=978-1-84569-159-2}}</ref> Sida caadiga ah, aadamuhu (dadka) waa gebi-quute (Saynis ahaan ''omnivorous''),<ref>{{cite book|title = Advanced Human Nutrition|authors = Robert E. C. Wildman, Denis M. Medeiros| publisher = [[CRC Press]] | year = 2000 | page = 37| accessdate = October 6, 2013 |isbn = 0-8493-8566-0| url = https://books.google.com/?id=CXwylbbRXvAC&pg=PA37&dq=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}</ref> taasi micnaheedu waa in dadku quutaan hilibka iyo caanaha xayawaanka iyo dhamaan kheyraadka [[dhir]]ta.<ref>Ayyıldız, Esat. [https://ia601504.us.archive.org/30/items/klasik-arap-edebiyatinda-et-motifi/Klasik%20Arap%20Edebiyat%C4%B1nda%20Et%20Motifi.pdf “Klasik Arap Edebiyatında Et Motifi”]. ''International Malatya Gastronomy Culture and Tourism Conference''. ed. Aynur Ismayilova – Gunay Rzayeva. 19-24. Malatya: IKSAD Publishing House, 2022.</ref> Tan ilaa iyo kumanaan sano ka hor dadku waxay ku tiirsanaayeen hilibka xayawaanka iyo midhaha dhirta ayagoo isticmaali jirey [[Ugaadhsi iyo Qadhaabsi]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horaantii ilbaxnimada aadamaha ayaa dadku bilaabeen ineey dhaqdaan [[xoolo]] si loo manaafacaadsado kheyraadkooda. Hilibku wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[biyo]], [[borotiin]], iyo [[dux]]<ref>{{cite web|title=US Department of Agriculture Food-A-Pedia reference database|url=https://www.supertracker.usda.gov/foodapedia.aspx|website=SuperTracker|publisher=United States federal government|accessdate=11 April 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=6 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406151158/https://www.supertracker.usda.gov/foodapedia.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> waana cunto aad ugu muhiim ah jidhka iyo caafimaadka dadka. Hilibka waxaa laga helaa xayawaanka. Hilibka waxoo ka sameysanyahay, murqo,ama seed, iyo subak. Hilibka waxoo leeyahay brotiin, aad u badan oona muhiim u ah, korka ama jirdhiska bini aadanka. Hilibaha la cuno wee kala duwan yihiin. Hilibka [[soomaali]]da cunto, waxaa ka mid ah, hilbaha xalaasha ah, sida Hilibka [[Lo]]'da, [[Geel]]ka,[[ari]]ga, [[Ida]]da, [[Malaay]]ga,[[Dooro|doorada]] iyo [[Sagaaro|Sagaarada]].Dadka aduunka ku nool waxaa saaid uugu ah Hilbaha ee cunaan, sida Hilibka [[Doofaar]]ka, [[Ey]]ga, [[Faras|Fardaha]], [[yaanyuur]]ta,[[Dooli]]ga,[[Mas]]aska,iyo [[Caaro caaro]]. Iyo wax badan oo la tiri karin. ==Sidoo kale arag== *[[Calooleey]] ==Tixraac== * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200002137 Meat] {{Reflist}} {{gumud}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Cunto]] e8wg6d2z6ss6f8w4cuawmn89ck0em1r 0 4720 307419 301335 2026-09-07T20:08:31Z Soalt 39618 bogag isku xirin iyo higaada 307419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = ''República Argentina'' </br> ''Jamhuuriyadda Arjantiina'' |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Arjantiina |qaarada = [[Ameerikada koonfureed]] |sawir_calan = Flag_of_Argentina.svg |sawir_qaran = Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg |astaan_calan = [[Himno Nacional Argentino]]''<small><br />"Astaanta Qaranka Arjantiina"</small> |image_map = Argentina (including claimed territories, orthographic projection).svg |caasimada = [[Buweynos Ayres]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Isbaanish]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |magac_hogaamiye1 = Cristina Fernández de Kirchner | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $12,425<ref name="">IMF database 2017</ref>. | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $0.685 billion<ref name="">IMF database 2018</ref>. | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $12,550<ref name="">IMF database 2019</ref>. | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Julio Cobos]] |sovereignty_type = Ka xoroobey |sovereignty_note = Gumeystihii [[Isbayn]] |established_event1 = Taakiikh |established_date1 = 9 [[Julaay]], 1816 |area = 2,766,890 km2 |areami² = 1,068,302 |biyo = 1.1 |population_estimate = 44,044,811 |population_estimate_year = [[2017]] |lacagta = [[Peso (Arjantiina)|Peso]] (ARS) |wakhti = ART -3 |furaha_debeda = +54 |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} '''Arjantiina''' ([[Af-Isbaanish]]: República Argentina) waa Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee inta badan ku taal qaybta koonfureed ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]]. Wadaagidda qadarka Koonfureed ee [[Jili]] ee galbeedka, waddanka ayaa sidoo kale xuduud u leh [[Booliifiya]] iyo [[Paraguay]] dhanka woqooyiga, [[Barasiil]] oo waqooyi-bari, [[Uruguay]] iyo [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] oo ku yaal bariga, iyo Khadka Dhexe ee Drake ee koonfurta. Arjantiina wuxuu yahay wadanka sideedaad ee ugu weyn adduunka, kan labaad ee ugu weyn Laatiiin Ameerika, iyo kan ugu weyn ee Af-Isbaanishka ku hadla. [[Biweynos ayris]], oo ah caasimada federaalka ah ee dalka sida uu go'aamiyey kongreeska. Gobolada iyo caasimadu waxay leeyihiin dastuur u gaar ah, laakiin waxay ku jiraan nidaam federaali ah. Arjantiina waxay sheegataa madax banaanida qayb ka mid ah Antarctica, Jasiiradaha Falkland (Af-Isbaanish: Islas Malvinas), iyo Koonfurta Georgia iyo Koonfurta Sandwich Islands. [[File:20060128 - Cabildo de Buenos Aires.jpg|194px|right|thumb|Lo [[Cabildo de Buenos Aires|Kabiildo]]]] [[File:Buenos Aires-Catedral Metropolitana (exterior).jpg|right|195px|thumb|La [[Catedrau Metropolitana de Buenos Aires|catedrau]] suber la [[plaça de Mayo]]]] ==Xubin== * [[Mercosur]] *[[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ==Waddnamha Degaan Argentina== * {{Flag|Brazil}}200,000+. [[File:Casa Rosada in Buenos Aires.jpg|thumb|196px|right|L'Ostau Arroset, meesha qaranka laga hux]] [[File:Argentina Congreso.JPG|right|197px|thumb|Meesha Seneytka iyo Kongreeska ku kulmaan]] [[File:ViñedoCafayate.jpg|thumb|200px|Beer ku jiro Salta]] ==Taariiq== Joogista ugu horreysa ee bini'aadamka ee taariikhda Argentina ee taariikhda casriga ah waxay dib ugu noqotaa muddada Paleolithic. Waddanku wuxuu leeyahay xididdadiisa kuxirta Isbaanishka ee gobolka ee qarnigii 16aad. Argentina waxay noqotay mid ku guulaysatay gobolka Viceroyalty ee Río de la Plata, Spanish-ka dibad-baxa dibada ee lagu aasaasay 1776-kii. Baaqa iyo dagaalka xornimada (1810-1818) waxaa soo raacay dagaal sokeeye oo soconayey ilaa 1861, taas oo ku dhamaatay dib-u-habeynta dalka sida federaalka ah ee gobollada Buenos Aires oo ah caasimadeeda. Waddanku wuxuu intaas ku daray in nabadgelyo iyo xasilooni darro, iyada oo mowjado waawayn oo ka mid ah soogalootiga yurubiyaanka ah ay si xooggan dib-u-habaynayaan aragtida dhaqameed iyo bulsho. Kororka ku soo kordhay barwaaqada ayaa keentay in Argentina ay noqoto dalka 7aad ee ugu faqiirsan adduunka tan iyo qarnigii 20-aad. == Tixraac == {{Reflist|refs=https://www.britannica.com/place/Argentina}} {{commons|Argentina}} {{Dalalka Ameerikada Koonfureed}} rk69xeoxx3uush23pv51082vc0lmxjq 307420 307419 2026-09-07T20:09:15Z Soalt 39618 higaada 307420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = ''República Argentina'' </br> ''Jamhuuriyadda Arjantiina'' |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Arjantiina |qaarada = [[Ameerikada koonfureed]] |sawir_calan = Flag_of_Argentina.svg |sawir_qaran = Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg |astaan_calan = [[Himno Nacional Argentino]]''<small><br />"Astaanta Qaranka Arjantiina"</small> |image_map = Argentina (including claimed territories, orthographic projection).svg |caasimada = [[Buweynos Ayres]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Isbaanish]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |magac_hogaamiye1 = Cristina Fernández de Kirchner | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $12,425<ref name="">IMF database 2017</ref>. | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $0.685 billion<ref name="">IMF database 2018</ref>. | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $12,550<ref name="">IMF database 2019</ref>. | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Julio Cobos]] |sovereignty_type = Ka xoroobey |sovereignty_note = Gumeystihii [[Isbayn]] |established_event1 = Taakiikh |established_date1 = 9 [[Julaay]], 1816 |area = 2,766,890 km2 |areami² = 1,068,302 |biyo = 1.1 |population_estimate = 44,044,811 |population_estimate_year = [[2017]] |lacagta = [[Peso (Arjantiina)|Peso]] (ARS) |wakhti = ART -3 |furaha_debeda = +54 |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} '''Arjantiina''' ([[Af-Isbaanish]]: República Argentina) waa Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee inta badan ku taal qaybta koonfureed ee [[Koonfur Ameerika]]. Wadaagidda qadarka Koonfureed ee [[Jili]] ee galbeedka, waddanka ayaa sidoo kale xuduud u leh [[Booliifiya]] iyo [[Paraguay]] dhanka woqooyiga, [[Barasiil]] oo waqooyi-bari, [[Uruguay]] iyo [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] oo ku yaal bariga, iyo Khadka Dhexe ee Drake ee koonfurta. Arjantiina wuxuu yahay wadanka sideedaad ee ugu weyn adduunka, kan labaad ee ugu weyn Laatiiin Ameerika, iyo kan ugu weyn ee Af-Isbaanishka ku hadla. [[Biweynos ayris]], oo ah caasimada federaalka ah ee dalka sida uu go'aamiyey kongreeska. Gobolada iyo caasimadu waxay leeyihiin dastuur u gaar ah, laakiin waxay ku jiraan nidaam federaali ah. Arjantiina waxay sheegataa madax banaanida qayb ka mid ah Antarctica, Jasiiradaha Falkland (Af-Isbaanish: Islas Malvinas), iyo Koonfurta Georgia iyo Koonfurta Sandwich Islands. [[File:20060128 - Cabildo de Buenos Aires.jpg|194px|right|thumb|Lo [[Cabildo de Buenos Aires|Kabiildo]]]] [[File:Buenos Aires-Catedral Metropolitana (exterior).jpg|right|195px|thumb|La [[Catedrau Metropolitana de Buenos Aires|catedrau]] suber la [[plaça de Mayo]]]] ==Xubin== * [[Mercosur]] *[[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ==Waddnamha Degaan Argentina== * {{Flag|Brazil}}200,000+. [[File:Casa Rosada in Buenos Aires.jpg|thumb|196px|right|L'Ostau Arroset, meesha qaranka laga hukumo]] [[File:Argentina Congreso.JPG|right|197px|thumb|Meesha Seneytka iyo Kongreeska ku kulmaan]] [[File:ViñedoCafayate.jpg|thumb|200px|Beer ku jiro Salta]] ==Taariiq== Joogista ugu horreysa ee bini'aadamka ee taariikhda Argentina ee taariikhda casriga ah waxay dib ugu noqotaa muddada Paleolithic. Waddanku wuxuu leeyahay xididdadiisa kuxirta Isbaanishka ee gobolka ee qarnigii 16aad. Argentina waxay noqotay mid ku guulaysatay gobolka Viceroyalty ee Río de la Plata, Spanish-ka dibad-baxa dibada ee lagu aasaasay 1776-kii. Baaqa iyo dagaalka xornimada (1810-1818) waxaa soo raacay dagaal sokeeye oo soconayey ilaa 1861, taas oo ku dhamaatay dib-u-habeynta dalka sida federaalka ah ee gobollada Buenos Aires oo ah caasimadeeda. Waddanku wuxuu intaas ku daray in nabadgelyo iyo xasilooni darro, iyada oo mowjado waawayn oo ka mid ah soogalootiga yurubiyaanka ah ay si xooggan dib-u-habaynayaan aragtida dhaqameed iyo bulsho. Kororka ku soo kordhay barwaaqada ayaa keentay in Argentina ay noqoto dalka 7aad ee ugu faqiirsan adduunka tan iyo qarnigii 20-aad. == Tixraac == {{Reflist|refs=https://www.britannica.com/place/Argentina}} {{commons|Argentina}} {{Dalalka Ameerikada Koonfureed}} fg80mpgfue64u10gpd3oa3xts8cba1m 0 4773 307439 219104 2026-09-07T20:51:43Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307439 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:FD_1.jpg|thumb|Rooti]] '''Rooti''' waa [[Cunto]], oo laga sameeyay [[Bur]] iyo [[Biyo]] la isku qasay. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo asaasi ah oo rooti ah: # Rooti The dhex qooshtay kaas oo ku daray in ay khamiir cajiinka ama khamiirka caadi ahaan la kariyey (dubay) ee foorno, soo saarida dheeraad ah ama ka yar oo jilicsan rootida, kuna waari dhexdeeda baastada ayaa la kariyey leeyahay dhimman hawada. # Kibis aan khamiir lahayn unfermented, kuwaas oo soo saara rootiyada guri guud ahaan more joogto ah; waxaa lagu dubay karo ama lagu dubi jiray saxan (ama tii digsiga), ama xataa la shiilay. {{cunto}} tlb6kbxb9a17whkvfe01xxr13xk7e8b 0 4776 307422 303719 2026-09-07T20:26:39Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307422 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bright_red_tomato_and_cross_section02.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Yaanyo]] '''Yaanyo''' waa geed ka baxa Soomaaliya iyo wadamada qaarkood, waxoo u badanyahay qaarada [[Ameerikada koonfureed]]. Yaanyo waa miro la cuni karo, oo gaduud ah. waxaana lagu isticmaalaa cuntada , sida dalacbilaashka ama suugada. Yaanyo waxee ka sameysantahay, biyo oo 90% ka badan. Waddanamaha Yaanyo dunida Milyan ton Tiro. * {{Flag|United States}} 12,000,000 Milyan Ton * {{Flag|Algeria}} 1,200,000 Milyan Ton * {{Flag|Morocco}} 1,200,000 Milyan Ton * {{Flag|Oman}} 200,000 Tons * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 112,000 Ton * {{Flag|Switzerland}} 42,000 Tons * {{Flag|Somalia}} 28,000 Tons * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20050308/The-Tomato-A-Very-Versatile-Vegetable/ The Tomato—A Very Versatile “Vegetable”] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20020722/The-Triumph-of-the-Love-Apple/ The Triumph of the “Love Apple”] {{Cunto}} [[Category:Bayoloji]] sm7bmnzi818g434azuao3dtjnc0i5rr 0 4777 307430 260147 2026-09-07T20:44:20Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Banana Tree 01.jpg|thumb|Geedka muuska iyo midho biqlaya]] [[File:Bananas.jpg|thumb|Midho Muus]] '''Moos''' ama '''Muus''' ({{lang-en|Banana}} , {{lang-ar|موز}}) waa mid ka mid ah dhirta miraheeda la cuno, midabka maqaarkeeda na yahay [[qeenid]]. moosku wuxu la leeyhay noocyo iyo [[midab]]o kala duwan, waxaa ka mida mooska caadiga ah, moos sokorow, iyo moos bukeeni oo la karsado kuna badan dhulka koofurta soomaaliya. Soomaaliya ayaa lambarka koowaad ee dhoofinta mooska haystay waagii dowlada, mooska aay soomalidu ku caanka yihiin waa mid ka mida nooca afka shisheeye lagu yiraahdo (herbaceous plant) waxana isga lagu yiraa afka qalaad (banana cultivar), asal ahaana waxa uu ka yimi wadamada [[Shiinaha]] [[Fiyetnam]]. Mooska waa kan loogu jecelyahay uguna isticmala badan noocyada herbaceous plant. Dhaqamada caanka iyo [[aduunka]]ba<ref>[http://apscience.org.au/projects/PBF_02_3/pbf_02_3.htm accessdate = 2007-09-18] {{Wayback|url=http://apscience.org.au/projects/PBF_02_3/pbf_02_3.htm |date=20070829105533 }}"xogta webka"</ref>, Mooska waxa badana loo yaqaana wax jelicsan oo macaan. marka loo eegaayo, mooska cadiga ah.laakin waxa jira , miro ka mida mooska oo la kariyo oo loo yaqaan [[Moosbukiini]] iyo noocyo kale oo badan, laakin ma wada ahaa sidaa mooska aynu naqaano.Mooska waxa uu ka baxaa wadamada ku hareersan dhulbaraha ama wadamada leh cimilada trobikaalka,gaar ahaan jasiiradaha<ref>[http://agroforestry.net/tti/Musa-banana-plantain.pdf Noocyada jasiiradaha Baasifik ka baxo, ''Musa'' nuuc ka mid ah (mooska iyo Moosbukiini)]. agroforestry.net</ref> * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20030322/A-Visit-to-a-Banana-Plantation/ A Visit to a Banana Plantation] == faahfaahin == [[File:M. acuminata x balbisiana.JPG|thumb|Banana [[inflorescence]], partially opened.]] [[File:Banana Tree 01.jpg|thumb|Banana 'tree' showing fruit and inflorescence.]] Moosku waa mid ka mida [[Miro|miraha]], waana miro aad u macaan.Goobaha uu mooska ka baxo waa wadamada leh cimilada trobikaalka. Dadka ku nool jasiiradaha ama wadamada ee ku badantahay beeraha waxay xili roobeedka caleenta mooska u isticmaalaan sida [[Dallad]], sababtoo ah caleenta mooska way balaarantahay<ref>[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/banana.html] xogta=Hortpurdue.edu |taariikhda=2009-04-16 </ref> == Waxtarka mooska == Qofka markuu aad u ciyaaro ama juhdi badan bixiyo waxaa jirka ku bato maadada Sodium-ta ama cusbada, tanoo cadaadiska dhiigga kicin karto, mana u roono caafimaadka wadnaha iyo maskaxda, sidaas awgeed, mooska waxaa ka buuxa maadada loo yaqaano "Potassium-ta", maadadaan waxay hoos u dhigtaa cusbada jirka ee sodium-ta. Maadaama ciyaartoyda ay maskaxdooda aad uga shaqaysiiyaan, oo uu ku dhaco waxa loo yaqaano "Daalka maskaxda", mooska waxaa ku jiro borotiin loo yaqaano "Tryptophan" oo maskaxda firfircooni siiso oo qofka markuu ciyaarta ku laabto wuxuu helayaa foojignaan. Intaas waxaa sii dheer in mooska laga helo tamar iyo awood nafaqo maadaama uu qofka daalan yahay, wuxuu kaloo yareeyaa dareenka oonka. Intaas oo la isku daray, mooska waa faakihada ugu fiican ee la cuno markaa howl culus qabatid sida ciyaaraha banooniga, tennis-ka iyo wixii la mid ah Hadaba waxaa ka mida waxtarkiisa * Mooska waxaa ku jiro markii laga reebo maadada muhiimka ah ee aan ko ku soo xasay ee bootaasiyamta, macdano kala duwan sida fitamiinada B6, C, macdanta magnesium, copper, protein iyo dufan. * Mooska aan safiican u bislaanin waxaa ku jirto maado loo yaqaano "Pectin" iyo "resistenat starch" labaduba waxay hoos u dhigaan sokorta dhiigga, sidaas awgeed cunnada kahor ama ka dib in la cuno ayaa lagu taliyaa, laakiin dadka macaanka qabo waa in ay ka fogaadaan mooska badan weliba kan safiican u bislaaday. * Mooska wuxuu wanaajiyaa dheefshiid-ka, waxaa ku badan maadada "Fiber-ta", taasoo calool fadhiga ka hortagto, dheefshiidkane u fiican. * Sidaan horay u soo sheegnay, mooska wuxuu u fiican yahay caafimaadka wadnaha maadaama maadada bootaasiyamta alga helo * Mooska waxaa ku jiro maadada sun-saarista oo xoogan, kuwaasoo kala ah "Dopamine" iyo "Catechins", waxayna u fiican yihiin caafimaadka maskaxda iyo beerka. * Mooska wuxuu qofka dareensiiyaa dharag, sidaas awgeed dadka cayilan oo cunanda xakamayn karin waxaa lagula taliyaa inay cunaan moos aan safiican u bislaanin. Mooska waa faakiho ama khudrad caafimaad badan laga helo, laakiin waxay cilmibaarayaashu isku waafaqsan yihiin in midka aadka u bisil uu ka waxtar yar yahay midak biseelka billaabi rabo ama xoogaa cayriinka ah. Sidaas awgeed haddii aad mooska caafimaad ahaan u cunaysid, cun moos aan safiican u bislaanin. == Tixraa == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} <references/>{{Commons|Banana}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Bayoloji]] r5jgk34aob3l0dqs4wjsvj13gwlnpk2 0 4779 307428 263271 2026-09-07T20:42:38Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vineyard in Montone.jpg|thumb|Canab]] '''Canab''' waa miro la cuni karo oo leh madabo kala duwan sida [[ciraad]],madow, gaduud iyo cagaar. Canabka wuxuu ka dhashtaa geed la yiraahdo geed canab (Vitis), oo ka boxo koonfurta yurub iyo koonfurta galbeed ee aasiya. {{cunto}} {{Commonscat|Grapes}} {{gumud}} [[Category:Bayoloji]] ry8afnxrt20f3jwrig2i6xoo70ld7xg 0 4780 307433 246838 2026-09-07T20:46:27Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307433 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Boga "[[Xabxab]]" halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay. [[File:Watermelons.jpg|thumb|Qare]] [[File:البطيخ الأحمر.JPG|thumb|Qare]] '''Qare''', '''Qaro''', '''Xabxab''' waa miro lacuno oo aad uuga baxo dalka [[Soomaaliya]] ama wadamada kale oo kulul. Qaraha waxoo asalkiisa ka imaaday qaarada [[Afrika]], maanta waxoo ka baxaa wadamada kale oo kulul sida aasiya ama bariga dhexe. qaraha dhulka oo ka bixi karo waa in oo ahaadaa dhul aad u kulul, isla markaas neh oo ahaadaa dhul qaleel ah.Qaraha meelaha oo kufiicanyahay waxaa ka mid ah, meelaha saxaarada ah, sida woqooyiga afrika, halkaas oo dadbadan noloshooda caawiyaa. =Noocyada Qaraha= qaraha qaarkood way kala duwanyihiin, qaar waxaa jiro dhaxda jaale ka ah, qaarna waxay yihiin gaduud. =Biseelka= qaraha marka uu bisilyahay, waxaa ku garan kartaa, korkiisan waa cagaar oo sibibix ah. Haddii aad garaacdo, waxaa ka maqli kartaa dhawaaq, isla markaas waxaa ka ogaan kartaa in uu bisilyahay iyo in kale. Qaraha marka aa kala jarto, dhaxda waxa ayuu kaleeyahay hilib gaduud ah. Qaraha waxa ayuu ka koobanyahay biyo qaboow oo casiir ah oona macaan. =Isticmaalka= Qaraha waa miro sidiisa lagu cuno. Marka aad cunaysid waa in aad qaraha kala goysaa isla markaasna hilibka dhaxda ku jiro aad ka cuntaa. Qaraha waxaa kale loo isticmaalaa dhinaca qudaarta ama casiirka.Qaraha mararka qaarkood waxaa ayaa lagu qasaa miro kale, sida ayuu dhadhanka u bedelo. =Khudaarta= Khudaarta maalin walba [[dad]]ku isticmaalaan waxaa ka mid ah kuwo la kariyo iyo kuwo bisil oo sideeda lagu cuno. Isku soo wada duub hoos waxaad ku arki qaar ka mid ah guud ahaan khudaarta. == Waxtarka qaraha == Qaraha ama Xabxabka waa midho aad faa'ido u leh jirka, waa midhaha ugu biyaha badan inta la ogyahay, waxaa lagu qiyaasaa boqolkiiba 92% inuubiyo yahay, saas ay tahayne waxaa ku jiro nafaqo kala duwan oo jirka uusan ka maarmin kuwaas oo kala ah Vitamin A, B6, C, E iyo borotiinno kala duwan. Waxaa kaloo qaraha ku jiro macdanta bootaasiyamta oo unug walba oo jirka ka mid ah uu u baahan yahay. Qaraha kuma jiro wax dufan ah, wayna ku yartahay maadada karboohaydrayt-ka, sidaa awgeed laguma tiriyo midhaha lagu cayilo. Qaraha waxaa ku badan maaddada loo yaqaanno "Lycopene" waa maddoo ku yar midhaha kale, waxayna cilmibaarayaasha sheegaan in maadadaas inkastoo ay ku yartahay laga helo midhaha yaanyada, saytuunka gaduudan iyo cinabka gaduudan. Maadada "Lycopene" waxay ka qeyb qaaataa caafimaadka wadnaha, lafaha iyo yaraynta khatarka kansarka qanjirka ragga "borostaatada" Waxay kaloo maadadaan la dagaallantaa sunta jirka ku jirto. Markasta oo qaraha aad u bislaado oo aad u sii gaduutto, maadada "Lycopene" way ku sii badan tahay. [[Borotiin|Borotiinka]] qaraha laga helo waxaa u badan nooca loo yaqaanno "citrulline" waxayna muhiim u tahay xididada dhiigga, waxayna kordhisaa qulqulka dhiigga. Waxaa kaloo qaraha ku jira maadada kaalsiyamta iyo birta inkastoo ay ku yaryiihiin. == '''Caafimaadka iyo Qaraha / Xabxabka:''' == '''A'''- Caafimaadka wadnaha: qaraha wuxuu yareeyaa halista wadna qabadka iyo unugyada murqaha wadnaha in ay duqoobaan, wuxuu kaloo ka hortagaa in xididada wadnaha ay subag ama dufan ay ku samaysmaan, qoraal lagu daabacay joornaalka dhiig-karka ee ka soo baxa wadanka maraykanka waxay cilmibaarayaal ku soo bandhigeen in qaraha uu yareeyo cadaadiska dhiigga ku dhaca dadka buurbuuran. '''B'''- Ka hortagga caabuqa iyo Qaraha / Xabxabka: sidaan horay u soo xusayba, maadada "Lycopene" waxay yareysaa halista caabuqa iyadoo hoos u dhigto waxyaabaha ka qeyb qaata caabuqa iyo inay yarayso sunta jirka, sidaa awgeed takhtaatiir ayaa kula taliso dadka qaba xanuunnada riixa, roomaatiisamka iyo murqa xanuunka in ay badsadaan cunista iyo cabista qaraha. '''C'''- Fuuqcelinta iyo Qaraha: qaraha wuxuu ugu horreeyaa cunnada jirka fuuqceliyo maadaama ay ku jiraan biyo aad u badan, taasoo macnaheeda ah in kilyaha iyo qashinsaarkaba aad ugu roon yahay, waxaana loo adeegsadaa in qururuxa yaryar ee kilyaha ama kaadi mareenka ku jiro in uu soo saaro, wuxuuna ka hortagaa suuxdinta kuleelka. '''D'''- Dheefshiidka iyo Qaraha: xabxabka waxaa ku jiro maadada fiber-ka ama buunshaha loo yaqaano taasoo dheefshiidka iyo mindhicirrada caloosha u roon. '''E''': Maqaarka iyo Timaha: Maadada fitamiin A: waxay u roon tahay kobcinta unugyada maqaarka iyo tinta, waxayna ka hortaggaa jir qallaylka. Fadlan halkaan ka akhriso qoraal ku saabsan fitamiinnada iyo cunnada laga helo: <nowiki>http://somalidoc.com/smf/index.php/topic,5781.0.html</nowiki> '''F''': Kansarka borostaytka iyo Qaraha: cilmibaarayaal dhowr ah ayaa ogaaday in qaraha uu yareeyo tarmidda unugyada qanjirka borostaytka sidaasne uu ku yarayn karo halista cudurkaan, waxaan warbixintaan lagu soo bandhigay machadka ka hortagga kansarka. == '''Soonka iyo cunista ama cabidda Qaraha:''' == Faa'idooyinkaa kor ku xusan awgood, qaraha waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa midhaha ugu horreeya oo haddii la heli karo in lagu afuro ay fiican tahay, sababtuna waa sidatan: 1- Qaraha oo oonka u roon iyo fuuqcelinta jirka 2- Qaraha oo dheefshiidka u roon oo caloosha iyo mindhicirrada u diyaariya cuntooyinka aad ku afuri rabitd. 3- Qaraha oo qulqulka dhiigga kordhiyo taasoo qofka uu ka heli karo nashaad iyo firfircooni, khaas ahaan salaadda taraawiixda. 4- Qaraha oo leh faa'idooyin nafaqo jirka uu u baahan yahay.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://somalidoc.com/smf/index.php?topic=5841.0 |access-date=2016-06-11 |archive-date=2015-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707122942/http://somalidoc.com/smf/index.php?topic=5841.0 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Midho dhaadheer ama wareegsan oo leh diir adag, iniino badan, iyo saxar macaan oo leh biyo sare. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah cuntooyinka ay dadka isku dhafan iyo reer binu Israa'iil ay muujiyeen hilowga intii ay ku jireen cidlada markii ay [[Masar]] ka tageen. Qaraha (Citrullus vulgaris) ayaa muddo dheer lagu beeri jiray Masar iyo qeybaha kale ee [[Bariga Dhexe]]. == Tixraac == * http://somalidoc.com/smf/index.php?topic=5841.0 {{Wayback|url=http://somalidoc.com/smf/index.php?topic=5841.0 |date=20150707122942 }} * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200004584 WATERMELON] {| id="toc" style="margin: 0;background:#ffffff;" width="100%" align="center" ! align="left" style="background:#ccccff;" width="200" align="center" |Khudaar ! align="right" rowspan="1" width="5%"| [[File:Watermelons.jpg|60px|]] |- ! align="left" style="background:#8DB600;" width="200" align="center" | Khudaarta Bisil (fruit) |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 130%" | [[Babaay]] {{·}} [[besbaas]]ka {{·}} [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] {{·}} [[saladh]]ka {{·}} [[toon]]ta {{·}} [[kaaroot]]ka {{·}} [[Liin Macaan]] {{·}} [[Liin Dhanaan]] {{·}} [[Liin Bambeelmo]] {{·}} [[Liin Qarboosh]] {{·}} [[Tufaax]] {{·}} [[Muus]] {{·}} [[Cambe]] {{·}} [[Canab]]ka {{·}} [[Qare]] {{·}} |- ! align="left" style="background:#00FF7F;" width="200" align="center" | Khudaarta Ceyriin (vegetable) |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 130%" | [[Barandhe]] {{·}} [[Basal]] {{·}} [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] {{·}} [[toon]]ta {{·}} [[Dabocase]] {{·}} |} {{cunto}} [[Category:Bayoloji]] [[Category:Geed]] [[Category:Midho]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Cunto]] maarhsfsk9sx6kw5jczx9zar5pjy3b5 0 4800 307452 229246 2026-09-07T21:36:31Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox prepared food | name = Sambuus | image = [[File:Samosachutney.jpg|280px]] | caption = Sambuuse iyo [[shigni]] | type = Cunto duban | alternate_name = Sambusa, samusa, sambosak, sambusa, samoosa, singada, samuza, sambosa, somasi, somaas | region = [[Geeska Afrika]], [[Koonfur Aasiya]], [[Asiya]], [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Afrika]], [[Waqooyi Afrika]], [[Bariga Afrika]] | course = [[Cunto#Cuwaf|Cuwaf]], cunto fudud | served = Shigni kulul ama suugu fudud | main_ingredient = [[Daqiiq|Daqiiq xashan]], [[barandho]], [[hilib|duqad]] ([[kaluun]], [[digaag]] ama hilib xoolo), [[basal]], [[toon]], [[basbaas]], dufan iyo khudaaro kale | variations = Chamuça }} [[File:Chamu%C3%A7as.jpg|thumb|Sambuus]] '''Sambuus''', '''Sabuuse''' ({{lang-ar|سنبوسة}}; {{lang-en|samosa}}) waa [[cunto]] fudud oo laga sameeyo [[daqiiq]], hilib duqad ah, barandho, [[xawaash]] iyo khudaar la isku dhex daray laguna dubay [[saliid]] kulul. Sambuusuhu waa cunto aduunka oo dhan laga isticmaalo. oo laga sameeyay dageeg sadaxgees laga dhigay, oo dhaxda hilib iyo qudaar uuga jirto, oo la'isku shiilay. sanbuus waxoo ku macaan yahay, bisbaaska.. =Muuqaal= <gallery perrow=" " widths="208" heights="208" caption="Saambuuse diyaar ah"> File:Sambousaa.jpeg File:Sambousek.JPG File:Samsa in Karakol.jpg File:Chamuças.jpg File:Sambusadish2.jpg File:Samosa Pav in Mumbai.JPG File:Burmese style samusa.jpg File:Vegetable Samosa.jpg File:Uyghur samsa.jpg </gallery> =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{gumud}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Cunto]] 7ywnwzvc9yhfmd3zg4tq2iu9839wfu0 0 5133 307421 246822 2026-09-07T20:24:32Z Soalt 39618 template:Cunto 307421 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Maqaalkani wuxuu ku saabsan yahay miraha timirta iyo geedka ay ka baxdo.''waa mid aad umacaan {{taxobox |image = Dates on date palm.jpg |image_caption = Midhaha timirta |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Monocots |unranked_ordo = Kommelinids |ordo = Arecales |familia = Arecaceae |genus = ''Foenikis'' |species = '''''P. dactylifera''''' |binomial = ''Phoenix dactylifera'' |binomial_authority = Karl Linnaeus |synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-152659 The Plant List, ''Phoenix dactylifera'' L. ]</ref> |synonyms= *''Palma dactylifera'' <small>(L.) Mill.</small> *''Phoenix chevalieri'' <small>D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón</small> *''Phoenix iberica'' <small>D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón</small> }} '''Timir''' ({{lang-en|''date palm''}}; {{lang-ar|نخلة التمر}}) waa [[miro]] bisil oo ka mid ah [[cunto]]da kuwaas oo ka baxa [[geed]]ka timirta. Miraha timirtu waa kuwo yaryar, wareegsan oo leh [[midab]] [[madoow]] ah [[casaan]] leh. Midhaha timirtu waa kuwo macaan oo ah [[khudaar]] bisil. Geed timir waa geed dhalo miraha [[timir]]ta, geedkaan waxoo u badanyahay meelaha [[Lamadegaan|saxaarada]] ah ee woqooyiga [[Afrika]] iyo galbeedka [[Aasiya]]. Geed timirka qassab ma ahan in oo ka baxo meelaha saxaarada ah kaliya, meelaha kale oo u badanyahay waxaa ka mid ah soomaaliya, iyo galbeedka afrika,wadamada carabta,iyo bariga aasiya. geedkaan waxoo dhalaa miraha timirta, waxaana la cunaa bisha [[soon|ramadaanka]] markii la affuraayo. Timirtu waa miro macaan oo la cuno, waxaa laga soo gurtaa [[timir|geedka timirta]] dhalo. Timirta waxaa aad loo isticmaalaa soonkii, marka oo la affuraayo. Qofka marka oo soomanyahay, waxoo ku affuri karaa, Timir ama biyo caadi ah. Hal timir oo kaliya ayaa ka soo bixi kara 100 ilaa 600 rodol oo timir ah sanad wanaagsan. Waxaana laga yaabaa in geedku sii socdo inuu midho dhalo 100 sano.<ref>[https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101971125 Date palm]</ref> == Waxtarka timirta == Geedka barakaysan ee timirta waa geed ka baxa dhulka kulaylaha ah gaar ahaan dhulka aanay ku samaysmeyn badi dalagyada kale ee la quutaa, dhulka ay timirtu ka baxdo waxa kale oo la yidhaa lama dagaan, waana dhul saxare ah oo cimilo ahaana aad u kulul. Timirtu waxa ay leedahay faa'iido badan waxana ay caawisaa qaybo badan oo kamid ah jidhka aadamaha. Haddaba faa'iidooyinka iyo mucjisada uu koobsaday geedka timirtu maaha mid qoraal lagu soo koobi karo laakiin waxa aynu xusi doonaa waxyaahaba ugu caansan ee laga dhaxlo isticmaalka timirta. * Timirtu waxay dhintaa Heerka Cholesterol-ka ee Dhiiga waxayna ka ilaalisaa Xiddidada Dhiigga qaada Qalafsanaanta sababtoo waxaa ku jira Timirta Maadada loo yaqaano "Pectin" * Waxay ka hortagtaa kansarka xiidmaha, waxayna ka ilaalisaa Xanuunka Baabaasiirta, waxayna yaraysaa Dhagxanta ku dhasha Kaadi haysta, waxay sidoo kale fududaysaa Marxaladaha Uurka iyo Dhalmada iyo Dhiiga ka dambaya waxaana ku jira Fibres aad u wanaagsan iyo Sonkoro dhakhso u riiqma. * Waxay ka joojisaa in Ilkaha uu Suus galo, sababtoo ah waxa ku jirta Maadada "Fluoride" * Waxay ka ilaalisaa Jidhka Sumaha waayo waxaa ku jira Maadooyinka Sodium, Potassium iyo Vitamin C. * Waxay daawaysaa Dhiig la'aanta sababtoo ah waxa ku jira Maadooyinka Iron, Copper iyo Vitamin B2 * Waxay daawaysaa Jil jileeca Lafaha oo waxa ku jira Maadooyinka Calcium, Phosphorus iyo Vitamin A * Waxay daawaysaa Appetite la'aanta, sababtane waa maadada Potassium-ka ee ku jirta. * Waxay daawaysaa Itaal darada guud ahaan iyo Wadna xanuunka oo waxa ku jirta Maadada Manganisium iyo Copper. * Waxa ku jira Maadada Salinium oo ka hortagta Cancer-ka sidaas darteed baan Dadka ku nool meelaha Beeraha Timirtu u aqoon Cancer-ka. * Waxa ku jirta Maadada daawaysa Itaal darada xagga Galmada * Waxaa ku jirta Maadada "Poron" oo daawaysa Rheumatism ka iyo Cancer-ka Maskaxda * Waxay daawaysaa Qalaylka Dubka iyo Indhaha Guruxooda waayo waxaa ku jirta Maadada Vitamin A * Waxay daawaysaa Xanuunada ku dhaca Mashiinka Cuntada riqa; waayo waxaa ku jira Maadada Vitamin B1 * Waxay daawaysaa Timaha daata iyo Daalka Indhaha iyo Qalaylka Afka iyo Infection ka Bushimaha, taasi waxaa sahlaya Maadada Vitamin B2 oo ku jirta timirta. * Waxa ku jirta Maadada daawaysa Infection ka Dubka ama jidhka. * Waxay daawaysaa Dacarta Caloosha waayo waxa ku jira Maadooyinka Chlor, Sodium iyo Potassium. * Waxay daawaysaa Xanuunada Ciridka ku dhaca waxan laga helaa Vitamin C. Geedka barakaysan ee Timirta lama soo koobi karo faa'iidooyinka laga helo waana geed cunto ahaan ka sokow dawo ahaan loo adeegsado isaga oo ka hortag u ah cuduro badan oo dadka asiiba. Diinteenuna waxa ay dhiirigelisay isticmaalka midhaha timirta isaga oo Nagibeenii suubanaa (N.N.K.H) laga soo wariyay in uu yidhi {ma gaajoodo cida ay Gurigooda taalo Timiri} waxana uu Xadiithkani cadaynayaa oo markhaati ka yahay ahmiyada ay leedahay Timirtu. Timirtu waa cunnada ugu haboon ee lagu furo soonka caafimaad ahaan sababtoo ah waxay u roontahay dheefshiidka, waana cunnada sida tartiibka ah calooshu u shiido, waxaa intaa sii dheer inay dheecannada iyo fitamiinada jirka ku jiro ay isu dheelli tirto markuu qofka muddo gaajaysnaado, waxayna sare u qaadaa appetite-ka qofka iyadoo gaajada si dhakhso ah u yarayso, waxaa intaa sii dheer inay gaaska iyo aashitada caloosha ay ka ilaaliso inay dhaawac gaarsiiso dahaarka caloosha, sidaas awgeed waa in aan ku dadaalnaa in soonka aan ku afurnaa timir anagoo sunanda nabigeena suuban raacayno.[http://somalidoc.com/smf/index.php?topic=5274.0] {{Wayback|url=http://somalidoc.com/smf/index.php?topic=5274.0 |date=20170602021725 }} =Muuqaalka= <gallery perrow=" " widths="208" heights="208" caption="Muuqaalada Timirta"> File:Young Phoenix dactylifera.jpeg File:Dattes deglet from Biskra.jpg File:Dates on date palm get harvested.jpg File:Medjool-Date.jpg File:Nakheel-Aliskandaria.JPG File:Dates on date palm.jpg File:Owoce Daktyl.jpg File:Date Picker, Saudi Arabia.jpg File:Phoenix dactylifera3.jpg File:Date-seller.jpg File:Date City in Buraidah 5.JPG </gallery> =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Midho]] [[Category:Khudaar]] [[Category:Noole]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Baayooloji]] [[Category:Xoolo]] [[Category:Xayawaan]] [[Category:Saynis]] [[Category:Geed]] [[Category:Cunto]] {{gumud}} {{Cunto}} [[Category:Bayoloji]] h99i0yvgs6hqd84pqt4qik0nclw6huc 0 5378 307463 300739 2026-09-07T21:51:54Z Soalt 39618 template:western asia 307463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Ee Armiiniya | common_name = Armenia | native_name = {{small|Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն<br />{{native name|hy|Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Armenia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Armenia.svg | national_motto = | national_anthem = <br />[[Mer Hayrenik|Մեր Հայրենիք]]<br />''Mer Hayrenik''<br />{{smaller|"Our Fatherland"}}<br />[[File:Mer Hayrenik |instrumental.ogg|center]] | image_map = Armenia (orthographic projection).svg | image_map2 = Armenia - Location Map (2013) - ARM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Yerevan]] | coordinates = {{Coord|40|11|N|44|31|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Armenian language|Armenian]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Constitution of Armenia, Article |2=20 |url=http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/ |publisher=president.am |access-date=2018-07-29 |archive-date=2017-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223102232/http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | national_languages = | languages_type = | languages_sub = | languages = | languages2_type = | languages2_sub = | languages2 = | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list |98.1% [[Armenians]] |&nbsp;&nbsp;1.2% [[Yazidis in Armenia|Yazidis]] |&nbsp;&nbsp;0.4% [[Russians in |Armenia|Russians]] |&nbsp;&nbsp;0.3% other<ref>Asatryan, Garnik; Arakelova, Victoria (Yerevan 2002). |[https://web.archive.org/web/20110511044234/http://www.hra.am/file/minorities_en.pdf The Ethnic Minorities in Armenia]. Part of the [[Organization for |Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]. |at [[WebCite]] (16 April 2010).</ref><ref>Ministry of Culture of Armenia [http://mincult.am/datas/media/azg.poqr.%20ev%20xorhurd%20mshak.nax.%20(1).doc |"The ethnic minorities in Armenia. Brief information"] {{Wayback|url=http://mincult.am/datas/media/azg.poqr.%20ev%20xorhurd%20mshak.nax.%20(1).doc |date=20171010143439 }}. As per the most recent census in 2011. [http://mincult.am/national_minority.html "National minority"] {{Wayback|url=http://mincult.am/national_minority.html |date=20170216082403 }}.</ref>}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2011 | religion = [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.am/parliament.php?id=constitution&lang=eng|title=National Assembly of |the Republic of Armenia - Official Web Site - parliament.am|website=www.parliament.am}}</ref> | religion_year = | demonym = [[Armenians|Armenian]] | government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]]}} [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Armenia|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Armen Sarkissian]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Armenia|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Nikol Pashinyan]] | leader_title3 = [[President of the National Assembly of Armenia|President of the National Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Ara Babloyan]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (Armenia)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = Formation and independence | established_event1 = Traditional date | established_date1 = 2492 BC | established_event2 = [[Hayasa-Azzi]] | established_date2 = 1500–1290 BC | established_event3 = [[Shupria|Arme-Shupria]]<ref>[[David Marshall Lang|Lang, David Marshall]]. ''Armenia: Cradle of Civilization''. London: Allen and |Unwin, 1970, p. 114. {{ISBN|0-04-956007-7}}.</ref><ref>Redgate, Anna Elizabeth. ''The Armenians''. Cornwall: Blackwell, 1998, pp. 16–19, 23, 25, 26 |||(map), 30–32, 38, 43 {{ISBN|0-631-22037-2}}.</ref> | established_date3 = 14th century–1190 BC | established_event4 = [[Urartu]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Redgate |first=A. E. |title=The Armenians |year=2000 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford |isbn=0-631-22037-2 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e3nef10a3UcC&dq |edition=Reprint |quote=However, the most easily identifiable ancestors |of the later Armenian nation are the Urartians.}}</ref> | established_date4 = 860–590 BC | established_event5 = [[Orontid dynasty]] | established_date5 = 6th century BC | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Greater<br />Armenia]] united under<br />the [[Artaxiad Dynasty]]<ref>{{cite |book |editor1-last=de Laet |editor1-first=Sigfried J. |editor2-last=Herrmann |editor2-first=Joachim |title=History of Humanity: From the seventh century |B.C. to the seventh century A.D. |date=1996 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-92-3-102812-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?|id=WGUz01yBumEC&pg=PA128 128] |edition=1st |quote=The ruler of the part known as Greater Armenia, Artaxias (Artashes), the founder of a new dynasty, |managed to unite the country...}}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}} | established_date6 = 190 BC<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia Americana: Ankara to Azusa |date=2005 |publisher=[[Scholastic Library Publishing]] |page=393 |quote=It was named for Artaxias, a general of Antiochus the Great, who founded the kingdom of Armenia about 190 B.C.}}</ref> | established_event7 = [[Arsacid dynasty of Armenia|Arsacid dynasty]] | established_date7 = 52–428 | established_event8 = [[Bagratid Armenia]] | established_date8 = 885–1045 | established_event9 = [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Kingdom of Cilicia]] | established_date9 = 1198–1375 | established_event10 = [[First Republic of Armenia]] [[Declaration of Independence of Armenia (1918)|declared]] | established_date10 = <br />28 May 1918 | established_event11 = [[Independence Day (Armenia)|Independence]] from the [[Soviet Union]] | established_date11 = 21 September 1991 | area_km2 = 29,743 | area_rank = 138th | area_sq_mi = 11,484 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 4.71<ref name="cia-fact">{{cite web|title=The World Fact Book – Armenia |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-|factbook/geos/am.html |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |accessdate=17 July 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719074837/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html |archivedate=19 July 2010 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}</ref> | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Armenia}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_census = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 3,018,854<ref name="Armenia information">{{cite web |url=http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |title=Statistical Service of Armenia|publisher=Armstat |accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="News.am">{{cite news |title=Armenia Population |url=http://countrymeters.info/en/Armenia |agency=countrymeters.info}}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}} | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_census_year = 2011 | population_census_rank = 134th | population_density_km2 = 101.5 | population_density_sq_mi = 262.9 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 99th | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$28,282 billion<ref name="IMF GDP">{{cite web|title=Report for Selected Countries and |Subjects|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?|sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=43&pr1.y=12&c=911&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|work=[[World Economic Outlook]] |Database, April 2018|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=17 January 2018|location=Washington, D.C.|date=4 October 2017}}</ref><!--end |nowrap:-->}} | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,456<ref name="IMF GDP"/> | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$11,548 billion<ref name="IMF GDP"/>}} | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,861<ref name="IMF GDP"/> | Gini = 31.5 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name=WB1>{{cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title= Gini index |publisher=[[World Bank]] |accessdate= 12 |May 2016}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.743 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015 <!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |title=Human Development Report 2016 |year=2016 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=28 September 2017 |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 84th | currency = [[Armenian dram|Dram]]&nbsp;([[Armenian dram sign|֏]]) | currency_code = AMD | time_zone = [[Armenia Time|AMT]] | utc_offset = +4 | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Armenia|+374]] | patron_saint = [[Gregory the Illuminator|St. Gregory]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.am]] |[[.հայ]]}} }} [[File:Flag_of_Armenia.svg|thumb|]] '''Armania''' waa wadan [[Dhul xiran]] oo ku yaalo, bariga [[Yurub]] iyo galbeedka [[Aasiya]]. Ermeniya: Հայաստան, translit. Hayastan, IPA: [hɑjɑstɑn]), si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Armenia (Erman: ermen: Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, translation. Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun, IPA: [hɑjɑstɑni hɑnɾɑpɛtutʰjun]), waa waddan ku yaal gobolka Koofurta Caucasus ee Eurasia. Waxaa ku yaala galbeedka Aasiya ee ku yaala Jasiiradaha Erman, waxaa xuduud la leh Turkiga galbeedka, Georgia waqooyiga, xaqiiqda madaxbannaan ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah iyo Azerbaayadaha bari, iyo Iran iyo Azerbaijan oo ka baxsan Nakhchivan koonfurta. Ergayga Ergaygu waa mid madaxbannaan, badan oo xisbi qaran oo leh dhaqan dhaqameed. Urartu waxaa la aasaasay 860 BC iyo qarnigii 6aad ee BC waxa lagu beddelay Satrapy Armenia. Boqortooyada Armenia waxay gaartay heerkeedii Tigranes ee Weyn ee qarnigii 1aad ee qarnigii 21aadna waxay noqotay waddanka ugu horreeya ee dunida oo dhan lagu dhaqmo diinta rasmiga ah ee dabayaaqada 3aad ama horraantii 4aad AD. Taariikhda rasmiga ah ee aqbalaadda dawlad-goboleedku waa 301. Boqortooyada Ereyga ah ee qadiimka ah ayaa kala qaybisay Byzantine iyo Sasanian Empires wareeggii qarnigii 5aad. Sida ku xusan barxada Bagratuni, Boqortooyada Bagratid ee Armenia waxaa lagu soo celiyay qarnigii 9aad. Diidmada oo ay sababtay dagaallada ka dhanka ah Beniantiin, boqortooyadu waxay ku dhufteen 1045, Ereyga waxaa ugu dambeeyay markii ay soo weerareen Turjubaanka Turki. Ereyga Ereyga ah iyo Boqortooyada Ciliga Armenia waxay ku taallaa xeebta badda Mediterranean intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 11aad iyo 14aad. =Tixraac= {{reflist}} {{Western Asia}} tieuswx03d3yutjcqyj3u54g0dbtzup 0 5456 307434 294296 2026-09-07T20:47:00Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tufaax''' ({{lang-en|apple}}; {{lang-ar|تفاح}}) waa [[midho]] ka mid ah [[khudaar]]ta. Geedka tufaaxa oo [[saynis]] ahaan lagu magacaabo ''Malus domestica'' waa geed midho macaan leh kaasi oo la cuno khudaarta uu dhalo. In kastoo aan weli la isku raacsanayn, geedka tufaaxo wuxuu asal ahaan markii ugu horeeysay laga helay [[Aasiya|badhtamaha qaarada Aasiya]], halkaasi oo la sheegay in ilaa maanta laga helo noocyo badan oo tufaax ah. {{taxobox |name = Tufaax |image = Red Apple.jpg |image_caption = |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Rosales |familia = [[Khudaar]] |genus = ''Malus'' |species = '''''Nooc la Dhaqdo''''' |binomial = ''La Beerto'' |binomial_authority = Borkh., 1803 |synonyms = ''Malus communis'' <small>Desf.</small><br/> ''Malus pumila'' <small>auct.</small><ref>"GRIN | name = ''Malus pumila'' auct. | id = 410495 | accessdate = 4 January 2012"</ref><br/> ''Pyrus malus'' <small>L.</small><ref>"GRIN | name = ''Pyrus malus'' L. | id = 30530 | accessdate = 29 January 2012"</ref> |}} Sida taariikhda lagu hayo, geedka tufaaxa waxaa kumanaan sano laga beeranayay qaarada Aasiya iyo Yurub, ka dib wakhtiyadii gumeystihii reer Yurub ku fiday caalamka ayaa la gaadhsiiyay [[Afrika|qaarada Afrika]] iyo [[Ameerika]]. Ayadoo ku xidhan deegaanka, waraabinta, carada iyo qaabka loo beero ayaa waxaa maanta jira ilaa 7,500 nooc oo tufaax ah kuwaasi oo ka baxa daafaha aduunka. Waxaa intaas dheer, dhadhanka, midabka iyo qarada (xajmiga) tufaaxa ayaa kala duwan; taasina waxaa sidoo kale saamayn ku leh deegaanka, carada, waraabinta biyaha, iyo nafaqada geedku helo wakhtiyada uu korayo. Xadaarada Sayniska iyo ka hortega [[xasharaad]]ka ayaa waxay mararka qaar ka dhigtaa midhaha tufaaxa mid aan asal ahayn oo nafaqo iyo faa'iido badan lahayn taasi oo loo yaqaano "non-organic apple" ama tufaax aan asal ahayn. [[File:Koeh-108.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ubax]]a, [[laan|laamaha]] iyo [[midho|midhaha]] ubaxa]] Sida ay sheegtay Hay'ada Cuntada Aduunka, [[sanad|sanadkii 2013ka]] waxaa la soo saaray [[milyan|80 milyan oo tufaax]] ah, kaasi oo wadanka [[Shiinaha]] lahaa ilaa kala badh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E|title=FAO production data|publisher=FAO|accessdate=2 July 2015}}</ref> Wadanka [[Maraykanka]] waa kan labaad ee ugu soo saarka badan tufaaxa caalamka (wuxuu soo saaraa ilaa 6% tufaaxa caalamka); waxaana ku xiga wadanada [[Turkiga]], [[Talyaani]]ga, [[Hindiya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Sida caadiga ah midhaha tufaaxa uma baahna in la kariyo, waa cunto bisil oo sidiisa ayaa lagu cunaa, wuxuuna leeyahay faa'iidooyin badan oo [[caafimaad]] ah. Faa'iidooyinka tufaaxa waxaa ka mid ah in [[calool|caloosha]] socodsiiyo ama nadiifiyo, in jidhka siiyo fiitamiino badan sida fiitamiin Sii (Vitamin C), fiiber iyo kuwo kale. * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Malus?uselang=so Tufaax - Malus] Wikipedia * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Malus_domestica?uselang=so Tufaax - Malus domestica] Wikipedia =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Midho]] [[Category:Geed]] dzl5arck7w3mx2hf2pvc8qkjsinx3l5 0 5500 307426 213033 2026-09-07T20:37:36Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Onions.jpg|500px|thumb|Basal]] '''Basal''' waa geed ka baxdo dhulka, waxeena ka midtahay qudaarta lagu kariyo cuntada. basashu waxa ay kamidtahay [[bahda toonta]] ee leh urta aadka u xooga badan basashu caafimaadka aad iyo aad ayay ugu fiicantahy waddanamaha Basal Dundia Milyan Tons * {{Flag|China}} 20,000,200 Tons * {{Flag|United States}} 3,300,000 Tons * {{Flag|France}} 500,000 Tons * {{Flag|Japan}} 500,000 tons * {{Flag|South Korea}} 1,400,000 Tons * {{Flag|Egypt}} 2,000,000 Tons * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 500,00 Tons {{cunto}} [[Category:Khudaar]] pt8qfou1r91a01hm1ny8oy5ldexjjp0 0 5506 307461 219007 2026-09-07T21:45:11Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307461 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Runny_hunny.jpg|thumb|]] '''Malab''' ({{lang-en|honey}}; {{lang-ar|عسل}}) waa cunto macaan oo [[Shini]]da ka sameeso biyaha [[Sonkor]]ta leh oo lagu magacaabo [[Nektar]], waxaa dhalo [[Ubax]]a. shinida waxee isku dartaa waxyaabo ee ka keento caloosheeda oo la dhaho [[Ensiim]] iyo biyaha ubaxa ee Nektarka ah. markaas neh waxee isku noqdaan malab macaan oo dhalaalaayo isla markaas neh waxee ka dhigaan wax dhegan. '''Micnaha malabka''' Malabka aad oo u macaanyahay sababtoo ah waxaa ku jiro sonkor aad u badan. markiisa hore woo dheganyahay, laakiin haddii la kululeeyo woo dhalaala, haddii aa kuleelka kabadisid 40&nbsp;°C, waxoo haleynaa waxyaabaha muhiimka ah oo malabka leeyahay. kalarka malabka waxoo ka imaaday Ubaxa. waxee ku xirantahay ubaxyaasha ee nekterka ka keenaan. kalarada waxee noqon karaan jaale biyobiyo ah ama cagaar madoobaad ah. laakiin dhadhanka waa isku mid, waxee ku xirantahay ubaxa ee ka sameeyeen. * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20050808/Honey-The-Bees-Gift-to-Man/ Honey—The Bee’s Gift to Man] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g201501/honeycomb-structure/ The Honeycomb] {{Commonscat|Honey}} {{cunto}} bo1kujndtner33rdyoz18bcya16yy4e 0 5509 307459 220303 2026-09-07T21:44:22Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Azúcar blanca.JPG|thumb|Sokor budo ah]] [[File:Raw sugar closeup.jpg|thumb|Sokor]] '''Sokor''' ({{lang-en|sugar}}; {{lang-ar|سكر}}) waa dareere laga miiray geedka [[qasab]]ka ka dib la qalajiyay oo la jejebiyay. Sida caadiga ah sokortu waa wax [[macaan]] oo lagu sameeyo [[cunto|cuntada]]. Sokorta waxaa laga sameeyay [[Qasab]]ka ama [[Sonkor|Sokor beet]]. =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{gumud}} {{Commonscat|Sugars}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Cunto]] qv3xpvnizrfatwits3yrn9sa2tpa73o 0 6957 307441 246498 2026-09-07T20:59:37Z Soalt 39618 boggag isku xiray iyo ka tiray wax siyaasi itobiyaan ku jiray 307441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Injera from ivory teff.jpg|thumb|Canjeero]] '''Canjeero''' ama '''loxoox''' ama '''kimis''' ({{lang-ar|إينجيرا}}) waa [[cunto]] ay cunaan dadka [[Soomaali]]da, [[Itoobiya]]anka, wadano badan oo [[Carab]]ta iyo meelo badan oo caalamka ah. Sida caadiga ah canjeeradu waxay ka mid tahay [[quraac]]a qoysas badan oo degan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Canjeerada waxaa laga sameeyaa [[daqiiq]], [[bur]] iyo [[milix]] la khamiiriyay mudo saacado ah, ka dib lagu dubey daawe (bir wareegsan). Lahjadaha dadka Soomaalida ee kala duwan ayaa waxay keentay in canjeerada loogu waco magacyo kala duwan. [[Somaliland|Gobolada Waqooyiga Soomaaliya]] waxaa loo yaqaanaa Loxoox iyo Kimis. Canjeerada waxee ka midtahay cuntada lagu sameeyo kushiinka. Canjeerada waxaa soomaalia laga cunaa subax kasto, waxaana lagu cunaa suqaar ama baar iyo dalacbilaash. Sida dhaqanka ah neh waa [[Saliid Macsaro]] ama [[Subak]] iyo [[Sonkor]] iyo [[Shaax]]. Canjeerada waa cunto soomaaliya laga isticmaali jiray waqti aad u fog. Waxaa kale oo jirto [[Malawax]] iyo Jabaatiga oo u sameesan sida canjeerada oo kale, laakiin woo ka yaryahay woona ka macaanyahay. Badanaa waxee soomaalida malawaxa isticmaashaa ramadaankii. =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= [[Malawax]] {{Cunto}} [[Category:Beer]] [[Category:Beeraha]] [[Category:Caafimaad]] [[Category:Cunto]] [[Category:Dad]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Firiley]] [[Category:Geed]] [[Category:Juqraafi]] [[Category:Kushiinka Soomaalida]] [[Category:Midho]] 5jfl47btgq6gu0fp1ylgfih40zezfq1 307442 307441 2026-09-07T21:00:07Z Soalt 39618 higaad 307442 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Injera from ivory teff.jpg|thumb|Canjeero]] '''Canjeero''' ama '''loxoox''' ama '''kimis''' ({{lang-ar|إينجيرا}}) waa [[cunto]] ay cunaan dadka [[Soomaali]]da, [[Itoobiya]]anka, wadano badan oo [[Carab]]ta iyo meelo badan oo caalamka ah. Sida caadiga ah canjeeradu waxay ka mid tahay [[quraac]]a qoysas badan oo degan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Canjeerada waxaa laga sameeyaa [[daqiiq]], [[bur]] iyo [[milix]] la khamiiriyay mudo saacado ah, ka dib lagu dubey daawe (bir wareegsan). Lahjadaha dadka Soomaalida ee kala duwan ayaa waxay keentay in canjeerada loogu waco magacyo kala duwan. [[Somaliland|Gobolada Waqooyiga Soomaaliya]] waxaa loo yaqaanaa Loxoox iyo Kimis. Canjeerada waxee ka midtahay cuntada lagu sameeyo kushiinka. Canjeerada waxaa soomaalia laga cunaa subax kasto, waxaana lagu cunaa suqaar ama baar iyo dalacbilaash. Sida dhaqanka ah neh waa [[Saliid Macsaro]] ama [[Subag]] iyo [[Sonkor]] iyo [[Shaax]]. Canjeerada waa cunto soomaaliya laga isticmaali jiray waqti aad u fog. Waxaa kale oo jirto [[Malawax]] iyo Jabaatiga oo u sameesan sida canjeerada oo kale, laakiin woo ka yaryahay woona ka macaanyahay. Badanaa waxee soomaalida malawaxa isticmaashaa ramadaankii. =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= [[Malawax]] {{Cunto}} [[Category:Beer]] [[Category:Beeraha]] [[Category:Caafimaad]] [[Category:Cunto]] [[Category:Dad]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Firiley]] [[Category:Geed]] [[Category:Juqraafi]] [[Category:Kushiinka Soomaalida]] [[Category:Midho]] blt43fzqz0urcl43pgysv6mxudg1e5x 0 7950 307487 293360 2026-09-08T05:04:17Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Siyaasadda Somaliland}} '''Xidhiidhka Dibada ee Somaliland''' Waa mid aad iyo aad u fiican oo ku xidhan kala danbayn iyo saaxiibtinimo. Dawlada [[Somaliland]] waxa ay Xidhiidh la leedaha dawlado badan oo caalmka katirsan in kasta oo aysan wax Ictiraafa wali helin hadana waxa ay mutaysatay in ay samaysato saaxiibtinimo qadarin mudan. [[File:Somaliland recognition only.png|thumb|Aqoonsiga caalamiga ah ee Somaliland{{Legend|#000000|Somaliland}}{{Legend|#30a000|Dowladaha aqoonsaday Somaliland}}{{Legend|#b6ff00|Dowladaha aan aqoonsigooda Somaliland caddayn}}|300x300px]] Wasaarada Arimaha dibada Ee Somaliland waxa ay dublumaasiyiin iyo Safiiro joogto ah ku leedahay dawlado badan oo caalmk akatirsan. Dawlada Somaliland waxa ay Xidhiidh gaar ah oo aad iyo aad u fiican la leedaha sida wadamada [[Midawga Yurub]], [[Jaamcada carabta]], Ururka [[Midawga Afrika]], iyo Hay'ado iyo ururo dulumaasiyadeed oo aad ubadan. [[Taywan]] waxay u aqoonsan tahay Somaliland inay tahay wadan madaxbanaan.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/07/01/world/africa/01reuters-taiwan-somaliland.html |title= Outflanked by China in Africa, Taiwan Eyes Unrecognised Somaliland |website= The New York Times |language=en|access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref> == Qaar kamida wadmada Xidhiidhka ay lawadaagto == Somaliland waxaay xidhiidh saaxiibtinimo oo soojireena la wadaagtaa wadamo badan oo caalamka kamida sida: * [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|25px]] [[Itoobiya]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Contacts and addresses of the Somaliland Representative Offices around the world |url=http://www.somalilandgov.com/contacts.htm |access-date=2020-07-05 |archive-date=2010-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327105631/http://www.somalilandgov.com/contacts.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> 1-dii Janaayo 2024, Itoobiya iyo Somaliland waxay kala saxiixdeen heshiis is-afgarad ah oo Itoobiya siinaya marin-u-helidda Badda Cas oo ay marto dekedda Berbera si ay u hesho aqoonsi macquul ah.[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240101-l-%C3%A9thiopie-signe-un-accord-avec-le-somaliland-pour-avoir-acc%C3%A8s-%C3%A0-la-mer]. * [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[Midowga boqortooyada Britan]]<ref>[https://www.somaliland-mission.com/ Somaliland Mission UK] {{Wayback|url=https://www.somaliland-mission.com/ |date=20250809174235 }} Retrieved 2020-06-25.</ref> * [[File:Flag of France.svg|25px]] [[Faransiiska]] * [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|25px|]] [[Koonfur Afrika]] * [[File:Flag of Sweden.svg||25px]] [[Iswiidhan]] * [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Taywan]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.mofa.gov.tw/News_Content_M_2.aspx?n=8742DCE7A2A28761&s=2FF8BD1C90C68576 |title= 我國宣布將與索馬利蘭共和國互設代表處 |website= 中華民國外交部 |language=zh-tw|access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref> * [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|25px]] [[Taliyaani]] * [[File:Flag of the United States (Pantone).svg|25px|]] [[Maraykanka]] * [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|25px]] [[Jabuuti]] * [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kenya]] == Baasaaboorka Somaliland == Somaliland waxa ay leedahay baasaaboor lagu tago meelo badan oo caalamka kamida, waxaana ka mida wadamada lagu tagi karo [[Itoobiya]], [[Midowga boqortooyada Britan]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Taywan]], etc. ==Tixraac== {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Xukuumada Somaliland]] e5mdootx7x07aupcldcfqc8myg9math 0 8007 307460 303020 2026-09-07T21:44:49Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cunto | name = Caano | image = File:Milk glass.jpg | caption = Koob [[caano dheey]] ah | alternate_name = | origin = [[Xayawaan]]ka ([[Naasley]]da) iyo [[dhir]]ta | creator = | course = [[Cunto|Cunto fudud]], [[Cabitaan]] | served = Kuleyl, Qaboow iyo dhexdhexaad | main_ingredient = [[Nafaqo]], [[dux]], [[Kaalshiyaam]] | variations = | other = }} '''Caano''' ({{lang-en|Milk}}; {{lang-ar|حليب}}) Waa [[dareere]]<ref>Isabella Beeton, Mrs Beeton's Cookery Book, 1911, 258–60</ref> leh midab cadaan ah kaasi oo ka yimaada [[naas]]aha [[Naasley|xayawaanka naasleyda]] iyo qaar ka mid ah [[dhir]]ta. Caanuhu waxay ka mid yihiin [[cunto|cuntada]] dabiiciga ah ee [[dad]]ka iyo in badan oo xaywaanka ka mid ah quutaan. Sidoo kale caanuhu waxay leeyihiin [[nafaqo]] iyo [[macdan]]o aad u badan oo jidhka dadku u baahan yahay.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030407085442/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/Other/jfca13_379-389.pdf USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program: Food Sampling, Pehrsson P.R., Haytowitz D.B., Holden J.M., Perry, C.R., Beckler D.G. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2000/13 379–389]</ref> ==Hordhac== Caanuhu waa shay [[dareere]] ah oo la cabo, tusaale ah ilmuhu markuu dhasho waa waxa kaliya ee igu horeeya ee dhuunigiisa mara ama uu cabo caanahaas oo uu naaaska hooyadii ka helo, Mudada ugu haboon uu ilmaha yari caano nuujirta uu ubaahan yahayna waa 2 sano ugu badnaan, waxaaa kaloo caanaha aynu ka helnaa xoolaha aynu dhaqano sida geela, adhiga iyo lo'da.<ref>[http://www.dairyco.org.uk/market-information/farming-data/cow-numbers/world-cow-numbers/ World Dairy CO, FAO, January 14, 2014]</ref> ==Sawiro== <gallery perrow=" " widths="208" heights="208" caption="Caanaha"> File:Glass of milk on tablecloth.jpg File:Goat kid feeding on mothers milk.jpg File:Human Breastmilk - Foremilk and Hindmilk.png File:I've got your number dairy - geograph.org.uk - 1412928.jpg File:Milk_glass.jpg File:Aesthetic Milk Vehicle.jpg File:Goat family.jpg File:Milk 001.JPG </gallery> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Cunto]] * [[Cabitaan]] == links Dibadda == * [http://www.baskinrobbins.com Soo saarka caanaha] {{Wayback|url=http://www.baskinrobbins.com/ |date=20120531181853 }} * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20011222/Watching-the-World/#p17 World Leader in Milk Production] * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200003059 Milk] {{commons|Milk}} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{caano}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Cunto]] [[Category:Dareere]] [[Category:Bayoloji]] [[Category:Caano]] b4lg2ii222vylkdq0mvhffwu85xyb9x 10 10000 307376 282696 2026-09-07T17:56:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 307376 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | templatestyles = Infobox election/styles.css | child templatestyles = Screen reader-only/styles.css<!-- for /row template --> | child = {{if empty|{{{child|}}}|{{{embed|}}}}} | bodyclass = ib-election infobox-table {{#if:{{{election_date|}}}|vevent|}} | bodystyle = {{#if:<!-- -->{{{map_image|}}}{{{map|}}}{{{map2_image|}}}{{{map2|}}}{{{map3_image|}}}{{{map3|}}}{{{map4_image|}}}{{{map4|}}}<!-- -->|width:{{#invoke:Math|min | 1=300 | 2={{#invoke:Math|max | 1 = {{#if:{{{map_image|}}}{{{map|}}}|{{#invoke:string|replace|{{#invoke:if empty|main|{{{map_size|}}}|300}}|px%s*$||plain=false}}}} | 2 = {{#if:{{{map2_image|}}}{{{map2|}}}|{{#invoke:string|replace|{{#invoke:if empty|main|{{{map2_size|}}}|300}}|px%s*$||plain=false}}}} | 3 = {{#if:{{{map3_image|}}}{{{map3|}}}|{{#invoke:string|replace|{{#invoke:if empty|main|{{{map3_size|}}}|300}}|px%s*$||plain=false}}}} | 4 = {{#if:{{{map4_image|}}}{{{map4|}}}|{{#invoke:string|replace|{{#invoke:if empty|main|{{{map4_size|}}}|300}}|px%s*$||plain=false}}}} }}}}px}} | titleclass = summary | title = {{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{child|}}}|{{{embed|}}}}}|yes|{{#if:{{{election_name|}}}|<div style="background-color:#ddd; color:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold">{{{election_name}}}</div>}}|{{if empty|{{{election_name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} | subheader1 = {{#if:{{{flag_image|}}} |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{flag_image|}}}|size=50px|alt=|link=}}<hr /> |{{#ifexist:Template:Country data {{#invoke:if empty|main|{{{country|}}}|¬}}|{{#invoke:flag|deco|{{{country}}}|variant={{{flag_year|}}}|size=50px|noredlink={{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}||yes}}|frameonly=true}}<hr />}} }} | subheader2 = {{#if:{{{previous_year|}}}{{{election_date|}}}{{{next_year|}}}| {{succession links|leftstyle=width:20%;|centerstyle = width:60%;|rightstyle=width:20%; | left ={{#if:{{{previous_year|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{previous_election|}}}|{{{previous_election}}}|{{{previous_year}}}}}}} | center = {{#if:{{{election_date|}}}|'''{{{election_date}}}'''}} | right = {{#if:{{{next_year|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{next_election|}}}|{{{next_election}}}|{{{next_year}}}}}}} }} }} | subheader3 = {{#if:{{{previous_seat_year|}}}{{{seat_class|}}}{{{next_seat_year|}}}| {{succession links|leftstyle=width:35%; text-align:center;|centerstyle = width:30%;|rightstyle=width:35%; text-align:center; | left ={{#if:{{{previous_seat_year|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{previous_seat_election|}}}|{{{previous_seat_election}}}|{{{previous_seat_year}}}}}}} | center = {{#if:{{{seat_class|}}}|'''{{{seat_class}}}'''}} | right = {{#if:{{{next_seat_year|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{next_seat_election|}}}|{{{next_seat_election}}}|{{{next_seat_year}}}}}}} }} }} | subheader4 = {{#if:{{{outgoing_members|}}}{{{previous_mps|}}}{{{elected_members|}}}{{{elected_mps|}}}| {{succession links|leftstyle=width:40%; text-align:center;|rightstyle=width:40%; text-align:center; | left = {{#if:{{{outgoing_members|}}}{{{previous_mps|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{if empty|{{{outgoing_members|}}}|{{{previous_mps|}}}}}|outgoing members|{{if empty|{{{outgoing_members|}}}|{{{previous_mps|}}}}}}}}} | right = {{#if:{{{elected_members|}}}{{{elected_mps|}}}|{{#ifexist:{{if empty|{{{elected_members|}}}|{{{elected_mps|}}}}}|elected members|{{if empty|{{{elected_members|}}}|{{{elected_mps|}}}}}}}|}} }} }} | header1 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | primary | presidential = {{#if:{{{votes_for_election|}}}|<hr />{{{votes_for_election}}}{{#if:{{{needed_votes|}}}|<br />{{{needed_votes}}} codadka loo baahan yahay in la guuleysto}} }} | parliamentary | legislative | by-election = {{#if:{{{seats_for_election|}}}|<hr />{{{seats_for_election}}}{{#if:{{{majority_seats|}}}|<br />{{{majority_seats}}} kursi oo loo baahan yahay aqlabiyad}} }} | #default = }} | data2 = {{#if:{{{opinion_polls|}}}| Sannad-ra'yigii }} | label3 = Diiwaangashan | data3 = {{{registered|}}} | label4 = Ka qaybgal | data4 = {{{turnout|}}} | label5 = Codadka&nbsp;la tirsiyay | data5 = {{#if:{{{votes_counted|}}}|<div class="center" style="width:auto;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">{{Percentage bar|{{{votes_counted}}}|{{{votes_counted}}}%|1BCE0E}}</div>laga bilaabo '''{{{last_update}}} {{{time_zone}}}''' }} | label6 = Warbixin | data6 = {{#if:{{{reporting|}}}|<div class="center" style="width:auto;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">{{Percentage bar|{{{reporting}}}|{{{reporting}}}%|1BCE0E}}</div>laga bilaabo '''{{{last_update}}} {{{time_zone}}}''' }} | label7 = La shaaciyay | data7 = {{#if:{{{declared|}}}|<div class="center" style="width:auto;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">{{Percentage bar|{{{declared}}}|{{{declared}}}%|1BCE0E}}</div>laga bilaabo '''{{{last_update}}} {{{time_zone}}}''' }} | data10 = <nowiki /> {{(!}} style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;" {{!}}- {{#invoke:Infobox election|row | row = 1<!-- For debugging --> | type = {{{type|}}} | divider = <!-- none --> | filler = {{{filler|}}} | col3 = {{#if:{{{color3|}}}{{{colour3|}}}{{{image3|}}}{{{nominee3|}}}{{{candidate3|}}}{{{leader3|}}}{{{party3|}}}{{{alliance3|}}}{{{home_state3|}}}{{{running_mate3|}}}{{{electoral_vote3|}}}{{{delegate_count3|}}}{{{states_carried3|}}}{{{leader_since3|}}}{{{leaders_seat3|}}}{{{last_election3|}}}{{{seats_before3|}}}{{{seats_needed3|}}}{{{seats3|}}}{{{seats_after3|}}}{{{seat_change3|}}}{{{popular_vote3|}}}{{{percentage3|}}}{{{swing3|}}}{{{1data3|}}}{{{2data3|}}}{{{3data3|}}}{{{4data3|}}}{{{5data3|}}}{{{6data3|}}}|yes}} | ongoing = {{if empty|{{{ongoing|}}}|no}} | final_round_label = {{{final_round_label|}}} | header1 = {{#switch:{{{type|}}}|parliamentary|Parliamentary=Xisbiga koowaad|#default=Xisbiga aqlabiyadda}} | header2 = {{#switch:{{{type|}}}|parliamentary|Parliamentary=Xisbiga labaad|#default=Xisbiga tiro-yaraha}} | header3 = {{#switch:{{{type|}}}|parliamentary|Parliamentary=Xisbiga saddexaad|#default=Xisbiga saddexaad}} | party_color = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{party_colour|}}} | {{{party_color|}}} | yes }} | color1 = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{color1|}}} | {{{colour1|}}} }} | color2 = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{color2|}}} | {{{colour2|}}} }} | color3 = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{color3|}}} | {{{colour3|}}} }} | image_size = {{if empty|{{{image_size|}}}|150x150px}} | image_upright = {{{image_upright|}}} | image1 = {{{image1|}}} | image1_size = {{{image1_size|}}} | image1_upright = {{{image1_upright|}}} | image2 = {{{image2|}}} | image2_size = {{{image2_size|}}} | image2_upright = {{{image2_upright|}}} | image3 = {{{image3|}}} | image3_size = {{{image3_size|}}} | image3_upright = {{{image3_upright|}}} | pageimage1 = {{{pageimage1|}}} | pageimage2 = {{{pageimage2|}}} | pageimage3 = {{{pageimage3|}}} | nominee1 = {{{nominee1|}}} | nominee2 = {{{nominee2|}}} | nominee3 = {{{nominee3|}}} | candidate1 = {{{candidate1|}}} | candidate2 = {{{candidate2|}}} | candidate3 = {{{candidate3|}}} | leader1 = {{{leader1|}}} | leader2 = {{{leader2|}}} | leader3 = {{{leader3|}}} | party_label = {{if empty|{{{party_label|}}}|Xisbi}} | party1_name = {{if empty|{{{party1_name|}}}|{{{party_name|}}}}} | party2_name = {{if empty|{{{party2_name|}}}|{{{party_name|}}}}} | party3_name = {{if empty|{{{party3_name|}}}|{{{party_name|}}}}} | party1 = {{{party1|}}} | party2 = {{{party2|}}} | party3 = {{{party3|}}} | alliance1_name = {{if empty|{{{alliance1_name|}}}|{{{alliance_name|}}}}} | alliance2_name = {{if empty|{{{alliance2_name|}}}|{{{alliance_name|}}}}} | alliance3_name = {{if empty|{{{alliance3_name|}}}|{{{alliance_name|}}}}} | alliance1 = {{{alliance1|}}} | alliance2 = {{{alliance2|}}} | alliance3 = {{{alliance3|}}} | home_state1 = {{{home_state1|}}} | home_state2 = {{{home_state2|}}} | home_state3 = {{{home_state3|}}} | running_mate1 = {{{running_mate1|}}} | running_mate2 = {{{running_mate2|}}} | running_mate3 = {{{running_mate3|}}} | college_voted = {{{college_voted|}}} | electoral_vote1 = {{{electoral_vote1|}}} | electoral_vote2 = {{{electoral_vote2|}}} | electoral_vote3 = {{{electoral_vote3|}}} | delegate_count1 = {{{delegate_count1|}}} | delegate_count2 = {{{delegate_count2|}}} | delegate_count3 = {{{delegate_count3|}}} | states_carried1 = {{{states_carried1|}}} | states_carried2 = {{{states_carried2|}}} | states_carried3 = {{{states_carried3|}}} | leader_since1 = {{{leader_since1|}}} | leader_since2 = {{{leader_since2|}}} | leader_since3 = {{{leader_since3|}}} | leaders_seat1 = {{{leaders_seat1|}}} | leaders_seat2 = {{{leaders_seat2|}}} | leaders_seat3 = {{{leaders_seat3|}}} | last_election1 = {{{last_election1|}}} | last_election2 = {{{last_election2|}}} | last_election3 = {{{last_election3|}}} | seats_before1 = {{{seats_before1|}}} | seats_before2 = {{{seats_before2|}}} | seats_before3 = {{{seats_before3|}}} | seats_needed1 = {{{seats_needed1|}}} | seats_needed2 = {{{seats_needed2|}}} | seats_needed3 = {{{seats_needed3|}}} | seats1 = {{{seats1|}}} | seats2 = {{{seats2|}}} | seats3 = {{{seats3|}}} | seats_after1 = {{{seats_after1|}}} | seats_after2 = {{{seats_after2|}}} | seats_after3 = {{{seats_after3|}}} | seat_change1 = {{{seat_change1|}}} | seat_change2 = {{{seat_change2|}}} | seat_change3 = {{{seat_change3|}}} | vote_type = {{if empty|{{{vote_type|}}}|Shacab}} | popular_vote1 = {{{popular_vote1|}}} | popular_vote2 = {{{popular_vote2|}}} | popular_vote3 = {{{popular_vote3|}}} | percentage1 = {{{percentage1|}}} | percentage2 = {{{percentage2|}}} | percentage3 = {{{percentage3|}}} | first_round1 = {{{first_round1|}}} | first_round2 = {{{first_round2|}}} | first_round3 = {{{first_round3|}}} | final_round1 = {{{final_round1|}}} | final_round2 = {{{final_round2|}}} | final_round3 = {{{final_round3|}}} | counties_won1 = {{{counties_won1|}}} | counties_won2 = {{{counties_won2|}}} | counties_won3 = {{{counties_won3|}}} | counties_threshold1 = {{{counties_threshold1|}}} | counties_threshold2 = {{{counties_threshold2|}}} | counties_threshold3 = {{{counties_threshold3|}}} | swing1 = {{{swing1|}}} | swing2 = {{{swing2|}}} | swing3 = {{{swing3|}}} | opinion_polls = {{{opinion_polls|}}} | 1blank = {{{1blank|}}}| 1data1 = {{{1data1|}}}| 1data2 = {{{1data2|}}}| 1data3 = {{{1data3|}}} | 2blank = {{{2blank|}}}| 2data1 = {{{2data1|}}}| 2data2 = {{{2data2|}}}| 2data3 = {{{2data3|}}} | 3blank = {{{3blank|}}}| 3data1 = {{{3data1|}}}| 3data2 = {{{3data2|}}}| 3data3 = {{{3data3|}}} | 4blank = {{{4blank|}}}| 4data1 = {{{4data1|}}}| 4data2 = {{{4data2|}}}| 4data3 = {{{4data3|}}} | 5blank = {{{5blank|}}}| 5data1 = {{{5data1|}}}| 5data2 = {{{5data2|}}}| 5data3 = {{{5data3|}}} | 6blank = {{{6blank|}}}| 6data1 = {{{6data1|}}}| 6data2 = {{{6data2|}}}| 6data3 = {{{6data3|}}} }} {{!}}- {{#invoke:Infobox election|row | row = 2<!-- For debugging --> | type = {{{type|}}} | divider = <hr /> | col3 = {{#if:{{{color6|}}}{{{colour6|}}}{{{image6|}}}{{{nominee6|}}}{{{candidate6|}}}{{{leader6|}}}{{{party6|}}}{{{alliance6|}}}{{{home_state6|}}}{{{running_mate6|}}}{{{electoral_vote6|}}}{{{delegate_count6|}}}{{{states_carried6|}}}{{{leader_since6|}}}{{{leaders_seat6|}}}{{{last_election6|}}}{{{seats_before6|}}}{{{seats_needed6|}}}{{{seats6|}}}{{{seats_after6|}}}{{{seat_change6|}}}{{{popular_vote6|}}}{{{percentage6|}}}{{{swing6|}}}{{{1data6|}}}{{{2data6|}}}{{{3data6|}}}{{{4data6|}}}{{{5data6|}}}{{{6data6|}}}|yes}} | ongoing = {{if empty|{{{ongoing|}}}|no}} | final_round_label = {{{final_round_label|}}} | header1 = {{#if:{{{party3|}}}|Xisbiga afraad|Xisbiga saddexaad}} | header2 = {{#if:{{{party3|}}}|Xisbiga shanaad|Xisbiga afraad}} | header3 = {{#if:{{{party3|}}}|Xisbiga lixaad|Xisbiga shanaad}} | party_color = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{party_colour|}}} | {{{party_color|}}} | yes }} | color1 = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{color4|}}} | {{{colour4|}}} }} | color2 = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{color5|}}} | {{{colour5|}}} }} | color3 = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{color6|}}} | {{{colour6|}}} }} | image_size = {{if empty|{{{image_size|}}}|150x150px}} | image_upright = {{{image_upright|}}} | image1 = {{{image4|}}} | image1_size = {{{image4_size|}}} | image1_upright = {{{image4_upright|}}} | image2 = {{{image5|}}} | image2_size = {{{image5_size|}}} | image2_upright = {{{image5_upright|}}} | image3 = {{{image6|}}} | image3_size = {{{image6_size|}}} | image3_upright = {{{image6_upright|}}} | pageimage1 = {{{pageimage4|}}} | pageimage2 = {{{pageimage5|}}} | pageimage3 = {{{pageimage6|}}} | nominee1 = {{{nominee4|}}} | nominee2 = {{{nominee5|}}} | nominee3 = {{{nominee6|}}} | candidate1 = {{{candidate4|}}} | candidate2 = {{{candidate5|}}} | candidate3 = {{{candidate6|}}} | leader1 = {{{leader4|}}} | leader2 = {{{leader5|}}} | leader3 = {{{leader6|}}} | party_label = {{if empty|{{{party_label|}}}|Xisbi}} | party1_name = {{if empty|{{{party4_name|}}}|{{{party_name|}}}}} | party2_name = {{if empty|{{{party5_name|}}}|{{{party_name|}}}}} | party3_name = {{if empty|{{{party6_name|}}}|{{{party_name|}}}}} | party1 = {{{party4|}}} | party2 = {{{party5|}}} | party3 = {{{party6|}}} | alliance1_name = {{if empty|{{{alliance4_name|}}}|{{{alliance_name|}}}}} | alliance2_name = {{if empty|{{{alliance5_name|}}}|{{{alliance_name|}}}}} | alliance3_name = {{if empty|{{{alliance6_name|}}}|{{{alliance_name|}}}}} | alliance1 = {{{alliance4|}}} | alliance2 = {{{alliance5|}}} | alliance3 = {{{alliance6|}}} | home_state1 = {{{home_state4|}}} | home_state2 = {{{home_state5|}}} | home_state3 = {{{home_state6|}}} | running_mate1 = {{{running_mate4|}}} | running_mate2 = {{{running_mate5|}}} | running_mate3 = {{{running_mate6|}}} | college_voted = {{{college_voted|}}} | electoral_vote1 = {{{electoral_vote4|}}} | electoral_vote2 = {{{electoral_vote5|}}} | electoral_vote3 = {{{electoral_vote6|}}} | delegate_count1 = {{{delegate_count4|}}} | delegate_count2 = {{{delegate_count5|}}} | delegate_count3 = {{{delegate_count6|}}} | states_carried1 = {{{states_carried4|}}} | states_carried2 = {{{states_carried5|}}} | states_carried3 = {{{states_carried6|}}} | leader_since1 = {{{leader_since4|}}} | leader_since2 = {{{leader_since5|}}} | leader_since3 = {{{leader_since6|}}} | leaders_seat1 = {{{leaders_seat4|}}} | leaders_seat2 = {{{leaders_seat5|}}} | leaders_seat3 = {{{leaders_seat6|}}} | last_election1 = {{{last_election4|}}} | last_election2 = {{{last_election5|}}} | last_election3 = {{{last_election6|}}} | seats_before1 = {{{seats_before4|}}} | seats_before2 = {{{seats_before5|}}} | seats_before3 = {{{seats_before6|}}} | seats_needed1 = {{{seats_needed4|}}} | seats_needed2 = {{{seats_needed5|}}} | seats_needed3 = {{{seats_needed6|}}} | seats1 = {{{seats4|}}} | seats2 = {{{seats5|}}} | seats3 = {{{seats6|}}} | seats_after1 = {{{seats_after4|}}} | seats_after2 = {{{seats_after5|}}} | seats_after3 = {{{seats_after6|}}} | seat_change1 = {{{seat_change4|}}} | seat_change2 = {{{seat_change5|}}} | seat_change3 = {{{seat_change6|}}} | vote_type = {{if empty|{{{vote_type|}}}|Shacab}} | popular_vote1 = {{{popular_vote4|}}} | popular_vote2 = {{{popular_vote5|}}} | popular_vote3 = {{{popular_vote6|}}} | percentage1 = {{{percentage4|}}} | percentage2 = {{{percentage5|}}} | percentage3 = {{{percentage6|}}} | first_round1 = {{{first_round4|}}} | first_round2 = {{{first_round5|}}} | first_round3 = {{{first_round6|}}} | final_round1 = {{{final_round4|}}} | final_round2 = {{{final_round5|}}} | final_round3 = {{{final_round6|}}} | swing1 = {{{swing4|}}} | swing2 = {{{swing5|}}} | swing3 = {{{swing6|}}} | opinion_polls = {{{opinion_polls|}}} | 1blank = {{{1blank|}}}| 1data1 = {{{1data4|}}}| 1data2 = {{{1data5|}}}| 1data3 = {{{1data6|}}} | 2blank = {{{2blank|}}}| 2data1 = {{{2data4|}}}| 2data2 = {{{2data5|}}}| 2data3 = {{{2data6|}}} | 3blank = {{{3blank|}}}| 3data1 = {{{3data4|}}}| 3data2 = {{{3data5|}}}| 3data3 = {{{3data6|}}} | 4blank = {{{4blank|}}}| 4data1 = {{{4data4|}}}| 4data2 = {{{4data5|}}}| 4data3 = {{{4data6|}}} | 5blank = {{{5blank|}}}| 5data1 = {{{5data4|}}}| 5data2 = {{{5data5|}}}| 5data3 = {{{5data6|}}} | 6blank = {{{6blank|}}}| 6data1 = {{{6data4|}}}| 6data2 = {{{6data5|}}}| 6data3 = {{{6data6|}}} }} {{!}}- {{#invoke:Infobox election|row | row = 3<!-- For debugging --> | type = {{{type|}}} | divider = <hr /> | ongoing = {{if empty|{{{ongoing|}}}|no}} | final_round_label = {{{final_round_label|}}} | col3 = {{#if:{{{color9|}}}{{{colour9|}}}{{{image9|}}}{{{nominee9|}}}{{{candidate9|}}}{{{leader9|}}}{{{party9|}}}{{{alliance9|}}}{{{home_state9|}}}{{{running_mate9|}}}{{{electoral_vote9|}}}{{{delegate_count9|}}}{{{states_carried9|}}}{{{leader_since9|}}}{{{leaders_seat9|}}}{{{last_election9|}}}{{{seats_before9|}}}{{{seats_needed9|}}}{{{seats9|}}}{{{seats_after9|}}}{{{seat_change9|}}}{{{popular_vote9|}}}{{{percentage9|}}}{{{counties_won9|}}}{{{counties_threshold9|}}}{{{swing9|}}}{{{1data9|}}}{{{2data9|}}}{{{3data9|}}}{{{4data9|}}}{{{5data9|}}}{{{6data9|}}}|yes}} | header1 = {{#switch:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{party3|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{party6|}}}|1|0}}}}|0=Xisbiga shanaad|1=Xisbiga lixaad|2=Xisbiga toddobaad}} | header2 = {{#switch:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{party3|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{party6|}}}|1|0}}}}|0=Xisbiga lixaad|1=Xisbiga toddobaad|2=Xisbiga siddeedaad}} | header3 = {{#switch:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{party3|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{party6|}}}|1|0}}}}|0=Xisbiga toddobaad|1=Xisbiga siddeedaad|2=Xisbiga sagaalaad}} | party_color = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{party_colour|}}} | {{{party_color|}}} | yes }} | color1 = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{color7|}}} | {{{colour7|}}} }} | color2 = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{color8|}}} | {{{colour8|}}} }} | color3 = {{#invoke:if empty|main| {{{color9|}}} | {{{colour9|}}} }} | image_size = {{if empty|{{{image_size|}}}|150x150px}} | image_upright = {{{image_upright|}}} | image1 = {{{image7|}}} | image1_size = {{{image7_size|}}} | image1_upright = {{{image7_upright|}}} | image2 = {{{image8|}}} | image2_size = {{{image8_size|}}} | image2_upright = {{{image8_upright|}}} | image3 = {{{image9|}}} | image3_size = {{{image9_size|}}} | image3_upright = {{{image9_upright|}}} | pageimage1 = {{{pageimage7|}}} | pageimage2 = {{{pageimage8|}}} | pageimage3 = {{{pageimage9|}}} | nominee1 = {{{nominee7|}}} | nominee2 = {{{nominee8|}}} | nominee3 = {{{nominee9|}}} | candidate1 = {{{candidate7|}}} | candidate2 = {{{candidate8|}}} | candidate3 = {{{candidate9|}}} | leader1 = {{{leader7|}}} | leader2 = {{{leader8|}}} | leader3 = {{{leader9|}}} | party_label = {{if empty|{{{party_label|}}}|Xisbi}} | party1_name = {{if empty|{{{party7_name|}}}|{{{party_name|}}}}} | party2_name = {{if empty|{{{party8_name|}}}|{{{party_name|}}}}} | party3_name = {{if empty|{{{party9_name|}}}|{{{party_name|}}}}} | party1 = {{{party7|}}} | party2 = {{{party8|}}} | party3 = {{{party9|}}} | alliance1_name = {{if empty|{{{alliance7_name|}}}|{{{alliance_name|}}}}} | alliance2_name = {{if empty|{{{alliance8_name|}}}|{{{alliance_name|}}}}} | alliance3_name = {{if empty|{{{alliance9_name|}}}|{{{alliance_name|}}}}} | alliance1 = {{{alliance7|}}} | alliance2 = {{{alliance8|}}} | alliance3 = {{{alliance9|}}} | home_state1 = {{{home_state7|}}} | home_state2 = {{{home_state8|}}} | home_state3 = {{{home_state9|}}} | running_mate1 = {{{running_mate7|}}} | running_mate2 = {{{running_mate8|}}} | running_mate3 = {{{running_mate9|}}} | college_voted = {{{college_voted|}}} | electoral_vote1 = {{{electoral_vote7|}}} | electoral_vote2 = {{{electoral_vote8|}}} | electoral_vote3 = {{{electoral_vote9|}}} | delegate_count1 = {{{delegate_count7|}}} | delegate_count2 = {{{delegate_count8|}}} | delegate_count3 = {{{delegate_count9|}}} | states_carried1 = {{{states_carried7|}}} | states_carried2 = {{{states_carried8|}}} | states_carried3 = {{{states_carried9|}}} | leader_since1 = {{{leader_since7|}}} | leader_since2 = {{{leader_since8|}}} | leader_since3 = {{{leader_since9|}}} | leaders_seat1 = {{{leaders_seat7|}}} | leaders_seat2 = {{{leaders_seat8|}}} | leaders_seat3 = {{{leaders_seat9|}}} | last_election1 = {{{last_election7|}}} | last_election2 = {{{last_election8|}}} | last_election3 = {{{last_election9|}}} | seats_before1 = {{{seats_before7|}}} | seats_before2 = {{{seats_before8|}}} | seats_before3 = {{{seats_before9|}}} | seats_needed1 = {{{seats_needed7|}}} | seats_needed2 = {{{seats_needed8|}}} | seats_needed3 = {{{seats_needed9|}}} | seats1 = {{{seats7|}}} | seats2 = {{{seats8|}}} | seats3 = {{{seats9|}}} | seats_after1 = {{{seats_after7|}}} | seats_after2 = {{{seats_after8|}}} | seats_after3 = {{{seats_after9|}}} | seat_change1 = {{{seat_change7|}}} | seat_change2 = {{{seat_change8|}}} | seat_change3 = {{{seat_change9|}}} | vote_type = {{if empty|{{{vote_type|}}}|Shacab}} | popular_vote1 = {{{popular_vote7|}}} | popular_vote2 = {{{popular_vote8|}}} | popular_vote3 = {{{popular_vote9|}}} | percentage1 = {{{percentage7|}}} | percentage2 = {{{percentage8|}}} | percentage3 = {{{percentage9|}}} | first_round1 = {{{first_round7|}}} | first_round2 = {{{first_round8|}}} | first_round3 = {{{first_round9|}}} | final_round1 = {{{final_round7|}}} | final_round2 = {{{final_round8|}}} | final_round3 = {{{final_round9|}}} | swing1 = {{{swing7|}}} | swing2 = {{{swing8|}}} | swing3 = {{{swing9|}}} | opinion_polls = {{{opinion_polls|}}} | 1blank = {{{1blank|}}}| 1data1 = {{{1data7|}}}| 1data2 = {{{1data8|}}}| 1data3 = {{{1data9|}}} | 2blank = {{{2blank|}}}| 2data1 = {{{2data7|}}}| 2data2 = {{{2data8|}}}| 2data3 = {{{2data9|}}} | 3blank = {{{3blank|}}}| 3data1 = {{{3data7|}}}| 3data2 = {{{3data8|}}}| 3data3 = {{{3data9|}}} | 4blank = {{{4blank|}}}| 4data1 = {{{4data7|}}}| 4data2 = {{{4data8|}}}| 4data3 = {{{4data9|}}} | 5blank = {{{5blank|}}}| 5data1 = {{{5data7|}}}| 5data2 = {{{5data8|}}}| 5data3 = {{{5data9|}}} | 6blank = {{{6blank|}}}| 6data1 = {{{6data7|}}}| 6data2 = {{{6data8|}}}| 6data3 = {{{6data9|}}} }} {{!)}} | data11 = {{#if:{{{map_image|}}}{{{map|}}}|<hr />{{#if:{{{map_image|}}} |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map_image}}}|size={{#invoke:Math|min|1={{#invoke:string|replace|{{{map_size|}}}|px%s*$||plain=false}}|2=300}}px|sizedefault=300px|alt={{{map_alt|}}}}} |{{{map}}} }}{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}|<div>{{{map_caption|}}}</div>}} }} | data12 = {{#if:{{{map2_image|}}}{{{map2|}}}|<hr />{{#if:{{{map2_image|}}} |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map2_image}}}|size={{#invoke:Math|min|1={{#invoke:string|replace|{{{map2_size|}}}|px%s*$||plain=false}}|2=300}}px|sizedefault=300px|alt={{{map2_alt|}}}}} |{{{map2}}} }}{{#if:{{{map2_caption|}}}|<div>{{{map2_caption|}}}</div>}} }} |data13 = {{#if:{{{map3_image|}}}{{{map3|}}}|<hr />{{#if:{{{map3_image|}}} |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map3_image}}}|size={{#invoke:Math|min|1={{#invoke:string|replace|{{{map3_size|}}}|px%s*$||plain=false}}|2=300}}px|sizedefault=300px|alt={{{map3_alt|}}}}} |{{{map3}}} }}{{#if:{{{map3_caption|}}}|<div>{{{map3_caption|}}}</div>}} }} |data14 = {{#if:{{{map4_image|}}}{{{map4|}}}|<hr />{{#if:{{{map4_image|}}} |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map4_image}}}|size={{#invoke:Math|min|1={{#invoke:string|replace|{{{map4_size|}}}|px%s*$||plain=false}}|2=300}}px|sizedefault=300px|alt={{{map4_alt|}}}}} |{{{map4}}} }}{{#if:{{{map4_caption|}}}|<div>{{{map4_caption|}}}</div>}} }} | data15 = {{#if:{{{title|}}}|<hr /> {{{!}} role="presentation" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;" {{!}} style="width:50%; text-align:left;" {{!}}{{#if:{{{before_election|}}}{{{before_party|}}}|'''{{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|primary|{{{title}}} ee hore|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{ongoing|}}}|no}}|yes|Hogaamiyaha hadda ee {{{title}}}|{{{title}}} ka hor doorashada}}}}'''<br /> {{{before_election}}}<br /> {{#if:{{{before_party|}}}|{{{before_party}}}}} }} {{!}} style="width:50%; text-align:right;" {{!}} {{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{ongoing|}}}|no}}|yes|{{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|primary|{{#if:{{{after_election|}}}|'''Musharraxa la filayo ee {{{title}}}'''|}}|}} |'''{{#if:{{{posttitle|}}}|{{{posttitle}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|primary||La doortay}} {{{title}}}}}'''}} <br /> {{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{ongoing|}}}|no}}|yes|{{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|primary|{{if empty|{{{after_election|}}}|}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{ongoing|}}}|no}}|yes||{{if empty|{{{after_election|}}}|}}{{#if:{{{after_election|}}}{{{after_party|}}}||Waa la go'aamin doonaa}}<br /> {{#if:{{{after_party|}}}|{{{after_party}}}}} }} {{!}}} }} |name = {{#if:{{{template_name|}}}|{{{template_name}}}}} | data16 = {{{module|}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{ documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --></noinclude> 1vsefipui9zs8280a3fclitlypqdpua 4 11145 307410 154490 2026-09-07T18:58:43Z Abdullahi mohammed Hassan 47295 307410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Wikipedia:Maqaal Cusub|Maqaallo Cusub]]''' waa maqaallo aan gaarin [[Wikipedia:Habka maqaalada Xulka Ah|Habka maqaalada Xulka Ah]]. habka maqaalka cusub wuu ka yeryahay [[Wikipedia:Maqaallo Xul Ah|Maqaallo Xul Ah]] taasoo ka dhigan kuwa ugu wanaagsan maqaalada wikipedia. Taariikh nololeed Taariikh-nololeedka: Cabdullaahi Maxamed Xasan (Cabdullaahi Gaashaan) Cabdullaahi Maxamed Xasan, oo loo yaqaan Cabdullaahi Gaashaan, waa shaqsi Soomaaliyeed oo xogtiisa nololeed ay ku xidhantahay taariikhda halganka siyaasadeed iyo milatari ee Soomaali Galbeed, gaar ahaan ururka ONLF. Cabdullaahi Maxamed Xasan wuxuu dhashay Sanadkii 1978. Wuxuu Ku dhashay tuulada falfal oo Ka tirsan dagmada degahbur ee gobolka jarar aabihii maxamed xasan Cali Ahu waxaa lagu dilay Isla tuulada falfal oo ciidanka itoobiya xasuuq iyo barakicin u gaysteen dadkii tuulada; Hooyo Saxan cadhays maxamed Iyo dadkii tuulada intii baaqi Ka ahayd ee illaahay Ka badbaadiyay gacantii cadaw tinimada lahayd ee xabashida waxay u qaxeen soomaaliya cabdullaahi iyo hooyadii waxay galeen xero qaxooti oo u dhaw magaalada hargaysa xeradaa waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray Biyoxidhka Halkaas oo Allah ha u naxariistee "Hooyo Saxan cadhays maxamed" Ku geeriyootay carruurnimadiisii iyo marxaladihii hore ee noloshiisa wuxuu Ku soo qaatay xeradaa Cabdullaahi isagoo 6 sano jir ah ayaa dhagahbur lageeyay halkaa waxaa loogu keenay Habaryartii xaliimo cadhays maxamed Ahu Halkaa oo uu Ku qaatay Waxbarashadiisa quraanka cabdullaahi wuxuu marar badan joogayay miyiga oo uu qaraabadiisa la noolaa isaga oo xoolaha raaacijiray sida geela adhiga iyo l'oda Waxbarashadiisa hoose dhexe wuxuu Ku qaatay degahbur sanadihii sagaasha meeyadii Cabdullaahi Gaashaan wuxuu ONLF ku biiray sannadkii 2002. sidoo kale wuxuu Ka tirsanaa garabkii hubaysnaa ee ONLF. Wuxuu tababbarro ciidan iyo takhasusyo kala duwan ku soo qaatay Eritrea. Isagoo kamid noqday Hogaamintii ciidanka onlf isagoo Ka qayb qaatay hawlgallo Kala duwan iyo dagaallo lalagalay gumaysiga Ethiopia intii u dhaxaysay sanadihii 2002 ilaa 2018 Kaalintii uu ku lahaa garabka milatariga ee ururka waxaa siwayn loogu xasuustaa qaybta abaabulka iyo wacyigalinta bulshada Wuxuu Ka mid ahaa madaxdii waaxda warfaafinta ee ciidanka jwxo. Cabdullaahi Gaashaan Marka la joogo ciidanka jwxo iyo bulshada gudaha dalka Waxaa siwayn loogu xasuustaa kaalintiisii Abaabul waxaa uu lahaa suugaan halgameed farabadan oo isugu Jira heeso gabayo iyo barnaamijyo abaabul oo qiimo leh == Maqaalada aan cusbayn == Bogga tusmada leh lama aqbalayo iyo kuqa qabyada ah ama gumad ah. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Wikipedia:Habaynta Maqaalada Cusub|Habaynta Maqaalada Cusub]] * [[Wikipedia:Habka maqaalada Xulka Ah|Habka maqaalada Xulka Ah]] <references/> [[Category:Ka kooban Wikipedia xul|{{PAGENAME}}]] 90qk3id5mpxpb2cn5ksiuo2cl47xl5j 307417 307410 2026-09-07T20:01:51Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Abdullahi mohammed Hassan|Abdullahi mohammed Hassan]] ([[User talk:Abdullahi mohammed Hassan|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Faracadde|Faracadde]] 154490 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Wikipedia:Maqaal Cusub|Maqaallo Cusub]]''' waa maqaallo aan gaarin [[Wikipedia:Habka maqaalada Xulka Ah|Habka maqaalada Xulka Ah]]. habka maqaalka cusub wuu ka yeryahay [[Wikipedia:Maqaallo Xul Ah|Maqaallo Xul Ah]] taasoo ka dhigan kuwa ugu wanaagsan maqaalada wikipedia. == Astaamaha maqaalada cusub == Malaada cusub waxeey leeyihiin astaamahaan soo socda: # '''Si wanaagsan loo qoray''' macanaha ## Qoraal muuqda, lakala dhig dhigay, xagga si fiicanna loo dodobeeyey. # '''Sax ah lana hubiyey''' lehna [[Wikipedia:Xog|'''Xog''']], waana mid ## Leh [[Wikipedia:Xigasho|xigasho rasmi ah]] taasoo ah tarakoob ama xog waran taasoo aan ka imaan doonin wax khilaaf ah. # '''Mid dabooli karta''' Waana ## Mid daboosha guud ahaan mowduuca <ref>shuruudaha ugu fudud ee ah mid koobta [[Wikipedia:Habka maqaalada Xulka Ah|Habka maqaalada Xulka Ah]] taasoo fududeeynayasa in ay daboosho dhaman dhiancyada. </ref> ## in ay ku ekaato mowduuca iyadoon galin wax faahfaahin ah. ## In uu noqdo maqaalka mid dhex dhexaad ah. ## aan noqon mid uu dagaal ka dhaco oo ah bedel farabadan ee la iskaga dambeeyo. # hadii ay suuragal tahay waxaa lagu dari karaa '''Sawir''' <ref>Lana gelin karo cod iyo video habka. </ref> ## Adigoo ilaaliya xuquuqda milkiilaha qoraaga. ## sawir munaasib ku ah mowduuca. <ref>Ka mid maaha shuruudaha maqaalka cusub in ay sawiro ku jiraan laakiin way fiicanatahay in lagu daro hadiiba la heli karo iyadoo leh xuquuqda faafinta. </ref> == Maqaalada aan cusbayn == Bogga tusmada leh lama aqbalayo iyo kuqa qabyada ah ama gumad ah. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Wikipedia:Habaynta Maqaalada Cusub|Habaynta Maqaalada Cusub]] * [[Wikipedia:Habka maqaalada Xulka Ah|Habka maqaalada Xulka Ah]] <references/> [[Category:Ka kooban Wikipedia xul|{{PAGENAME}}]] 3ufz3hs8ar2ik1v73he1lorhfbws07y 0 11461 307474 221908 2026-09-07T23:54:17Z Cumarcaafi 47303 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 307474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dheeraad|Tahriib}} * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/watchtower-no2-2017-march/escape-from-slavery/ Escape From Slavery—Then and Now] Tahriibka: aragti qeexaysa sababaha keena iyo qaabka loo daawayn karo tahriibka da'yartu waa aafo qaran .musiibo ummadeed iyo mushkilad caalami illahy ayaa mahad dhamanteed iska leh. Naxariis iyo nabad galyana ha ahaato nabigeena du shiisa, waxaad aad ka tagaysaa tii aad u dhalatoo, waxa aad tagaysaa tukaloon lagaa rabin, waxa aad ka tagaysaa tii aad lahaydoo, waga aad tagaysaa tukaloo rag leeyahay, ninka tiisii soo qubay yurub kuma tisqaadoo, qof ka tagay dalkiisii tukalana wax ka mataro, meel aan lagaa tabin meel aan laguu tudhin, tolmiyo wall jirincidi kaa tix galinayn, waa erayadii: abwaan. Axmed c/laahi maxamud (axmed fartaag), beryahan danbe waxa si wayn u soo shaac baxay erayga “tahriib”oo ka turjumaya hayaanka is miidaaminta ku dhisan ee kalahaad, boqool, caraabe. Guurayn iyo guulidba loogu jiro sidii loo beegsan lahaa in rar ka lagu furo deegaanada barwaaqada ah (waa sida ay socotadaasi aaminsan yihiine), hadaba waa maxay tahriibku ama tahriibintu tahriibintu:waa in alaab la qarinayo lagu geliyo meel aan si sharci ah loo gelin karin, sida tahriibinta/koontarabaaninta maandooriyayaasha,hubka iwm. Sidoo kale waxa uu noqonkaraa mid lagu koontarabaaninayo dad ladoonaayo in sida alaabta loo geliyo meel aanay si sharci ah ku [[geli]] karin. Taas waxa lamida tahriibka oo ah hayaan ama socdaal aan sharci ahayn oo si miidaamo ah la doonayo in lagu gaadho meel gaadhsiinteeda la filayo in uu qofku ka heli karo baahidiisa noocay doonto ha ahaatee. Tahriibku waa dhibaato soo jireen ah oo heerar kala duwan soo meray, qaabab kala duwana lahaan jiray. Tahriibka dadku ama tahriibintoodu wax uu ka mid yahay falal denbiyeedyada qawaaninta caalamku la dagaalanto lana mid ah falal denbiyeedyada tahriibinta maandooriyaaasha iyo hubka. Sababaha keena: Sababaha ugu badan ee tahriibka keena waa dhaqaale iyo nolol raadin, waxa ku soo xiga kuwa dhinaca. Nabadgelyada iyo amniga la xidhiidha, waxa kale oo dhici karta in loo tahriibo caafimaad raadin, cilmi raadin amaba in la soo guto waajib diini ah iwm. Tahriibka da’yarta soomaaliyeed: inkastoo mushkilada tahriibku ay tahay dhibaato soo jireen ah, si wayna u soo shaac-baxday bilawgii sideetanadkii qarnigii hore, oo taliskii hantiwadaaga ahaa uu culays dhinaca xoriyada ah oo balaadhan saareyguud ahaan bulshada soomaliyeed gaar ahaan, deegaanka somaliland oo ay k bilowdeen dhaqdhaqaaqii snm ee ay ku doonayeen inay xukunka kaga tuuraan xukuumadii kaligeed taliska ahayd ee uu hormuudka ka ahaa …maxamed siyaad barre, hadana waxay sanadahan danbe gaadhay heer halis ah oo ay aqoonyahankii iyo da’yarii ubaxa dalka ahayd si wadar ah uga baxayaan dalka. In ta badan waxa la arki jiray in hadba meesha ay colaad cusubi ka aloosantahay ay dadka k hayaamaa ugu battaan tahriibayaasha , hase yeeshee waxa muuqata wakhtigan in tahriibkii muuqaal kale yeeshay oo maanta somaliland oo kamid ah deegaanada ugu nabdoon geeska afrika ay da’yarteedu yihiin kuwa ugu badan ee tahariibaya , taasi waxa keenaysaa inaynu is waydiino,wa maxay sabab u ah tahriibkan? Jawaabta su’aashan waa laga yaaba in lagu kala duwanaado , hase yeeshee inta ugu muhiimsan ee aan is leeyahay dadka intiisa badani way isla fahmi karaan ayaan si guud u tilmaamayaa. Sababaha tarhiibka dhalinyarada Somaliland Shaqo la’aan: 22kii sanno ee u danbeeyey Somaliland waxa ay ahayd goob xasiloon oo nabad gelyo ahaan degan, xaaladeeda nololeedna ma xumeyn, sidoo kale waxa jiray heerka waxbarashada kala duwan oo xawli ku socday inkastoo tayada waxbarasho aad loo tuhunsanyahay, arintan waxa ka dhalatey in ay soo qalin jebiyaan oo suuqa soo galaan kumanaan dhalinyaro ah oo dugsiyada sare iyo jaamacadaha dalka ka soo baxay, kuwaaasoo suuqa kala kulma shaqo la’aan, ku abuurta rajo xumo iyo niyad jab hor leh, iyagoo weliba isu arka inay yihiin dad waxbartay oo ay qasab tahay inay helaan shaqo ay daalkii iyo juhdigii wabarashada kaga nastaan, dhidid koodiina midhihiisa goostaan. Dhaqaale korodhsi: waxa laga yaabaa in la arko, qoysas dhaqaale ahaan fiican, dhibaato kale oo muuqataana aanay haysan, hadana ubadkoodii u diraya yurub iyagoo jid dheer oo dhib badan u badheedhaya kuna bixinaya kumanaan doolar. Tahriibka noocan ahi maaha mid baahi dhaqaale keentay ee waa mid ku salaysan ka kordhi iyo arimo kale oo la mid ah. Magac Raadin: waxa iyana dhici karta in loo tahriibo in laga helo magac iyo maamuus, waayo bulshadu waxa ay tixgelin dheeraad ah siisaa qof kasta oo ka soo laabta ama ku nool wadamada reer galbeedka, iyadoon qofnimadiisa iyo dadnimadiisa midna fiiro gaar ah siinin. Sharci Raadin: dadka qaarkooda waxa ay u tahriibaan inay wadama galbeedka passport ka qaataan, waxa qiima dhac wayni ku yimi shakhsiyadda qofka soomaaliga ah ee sita baasboorka dalkiisa, kaasoo aanay u suurogal ahayn inuu meelo badan oo aduunka ah ku booqdo. Arintani waxa ay caqabad ku tahay ganacsigii, [[Waxbarasho|waxbarashadii]], caafimaadkii iyo wax kasta oo u baahan in socdaal iyo safar debedeed loo galo, sidaa awgeed ayey dadka in badan oo ka mid ahi ku andacoodaan inay u baahan yihiin sharci ay ku socsocdaan, ka dibna dariiqaa halista ah u maraan. Caafimaad Raadin: waxa iyana dhacda in qof la tahriibiyo amaba uu tahriibo si uu awood ugu yeesho inuu helo daryeel caafimaad oo tayo leh. Midaynta ehelladda: waxa tahriibka sabab u noqon kara dad ehel ah oo is raadsanaya sida wiil doonaya inuu waalidkii oo yurub uga horeeya u tago amaba lamaane is raadsanaya waxa lagu magacaabo (family union). Sababahaasi waa arimaha ugu waaweyn ee keena tahriibka, waxa jiri kara oo iyana la tilmaamaa in ay sababaha ka mid tahay da’yarta oo aan helin doorkii ay siyaasada dalka ku lahaayeen, isku dayasho iyo duufsi aan ujeedo lahayn iwm. Qoraa:mustafe siciid dhamac maankaab@outlook.com {{commons|Category:Human trafficking}} [[Category:Tahriib]] 9a425p891pvb4n5bskyxsh3aj7tdusb 0 12288 307465 301803 2026-09-07T22:03:26Z Soalt 39618 Template:Jadwalka Curiyayaasha 307465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox oxygen}} '''Ogsajiin''' «'''O₂'''» ([[Ingiriis]]: Oxygen) waa [[curiye]] kimikeed uu astaankiisuna yahay [[8]] [[Tiro atam|tirada atam]] kiisuna tahay [[8]], taasina waxay u dhigantaa inay bu'diisu haysato 8 [[borotoon]]. Tirada [[Niyutaroon|niyuutaroon]]-nadu waxay ku xirantahay [[Isotope|aysotoob:]] kan aysotoobka dagani wuxuu leeyahay 8, 9, ama 10 niyuutaroon. Ogsajiinku wuxuu ka tirsan yahay ururka-chalcogan marka la fiirsho tusaha kalgalka, kuwaas oo ah [[Bir Ma Ahe|birma-ahe]] [[Falgal|falgal sarreeya,]] iyo ogsidheeye u nugul la samaynta ogsaydh curiyaasha iyo [[Isku dhis|iskudhisyada]] kale. Markii la eego [[Cuf|cufka]], ogsijiinku waa curiyaha saddex-aad ee ugu badan koonka, goortii laga reebo [[Haaydarojiin|haydarojiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam|hiiliyam]]. Beegaalka heerkul iyo cadaadis, labo atam ayaa is-gunta oo sameeya ogsijiin-labaale (dioxygen), kaas oo ah [[neef]] (gas) aan [[midab]] iyo ur toonna lahayn oo la yiraahdo neef laba atamle (diatomic gas) oo leh naaneysta (formula) O₂. Ogsijiin- labo atamle (diatomic oxygen) wuxuu ka kooban yahay 20.8% ee gibilka dhulka. Madaama ay iskudhisyadiisa ay ka midyihiin ogsiidhyo, [[Oogo (dhul)|oogada dhulka]] badhkeed ayaa ka sameysan curiyaha. ==Taariikhda Ogsajiinta== Tan iyo xilligii Dhagaxa, gubashada waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu faa'iidada badan aadanaha taariikhda oo dhan, isla markaana ka mid ah kuwa ugu qarsoon. Faylasuufyo iyo saynisyahano badan, laga soo bilaabo Xilligii [[Giriiga]] iyo ka dib, Sida Fiilo ee [[Imbiraadooriyada Biizantiin|Bisantiinyiintu]], ilaa khubaro iyo kiimikooyin Muslimiin ah oo qarniyadii dhexe ahaa, ayaa isku dayay inay sharaxaan dhacdadan, iyagoo bixinaya fasiraado kala duwan. Dabka waxaa loo arkay mid ka mid ah afar walxood oo dhaqameed ah, sida laga soo xigtay fahamka baahsan ee caalamka waqtigaas, oo ka kooban Caalamka. = Atomka Ogsajiinta = = Isticmaalka Ogsajiinta = [[File:O-TableImage.svg|thumb|Oxygen]] '''Oxygen''' Waxa uu ka mid yahay qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee kimikada waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa xarafka ah "O" Atam kiisuna waa 8 waana gaaska aduunka ugu badan. =Tixraac= {{commons|Category:Oxygen}} {{Gumud}} {{Jadwalka Curiyayaasha}} [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] kp5bd00kddfhr7qu9tlvxb5rjfb4met 307466 307465 2026-09-07T22:06:34Z Soalt 39618 307466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox oxygen}} '''Ogsajiin''' «'''O₂'''» ([[Ingiriis]]: Oxygen) waa [[curiye]] kimikeed uu astaankiisuna yahay [[8]] [[Tiro atam|tirada atam]] kiisuna tahay [[8]], taasina waxay u dhigantaa inay bu'diisu haysato 8 [[borotoon]]. Tirada [[Niyutaroon|niyuutaroon]]-nadu waxay ku xirantahay [[Isotope|aysotoob:]] kan aysotoobka dagani wuxuu leeyahay 8, 9, ama 10 niyuutaroon. Ogsajiinku wuxuu ka tirsan yahay ururka-chalcogan marka la fiirsho tusaha kalgalka, kuwaas oo ah [[Bir Ma Ahe|birma-ahe]] [[Falgal|falgal sarreeya,]] iyo ogsidheeye u nugul la samaynta ogsaydh curiyaasha iyo [[Isku dhis|iskudhisyada]] kale. Markii la eego [[Cuf|cufka]], ogsijiinku waa curiyaha saddex-aad ee ugu badan koonka, goortii laga reebo [[Haaydarojiin|haydarojiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam|hiiliyam]]. Beegaalka heerkul iyo cadaadis, labo atam ayaa is-gunta oo sameeya ogsijiin-labaale (dioxygen), kaas oo ah [[neef]] (gas) aan [[midab]] iyo ur toonna lahayn oo la yiraahdo neef laba atamle (diatomic gas) oo leh naaneysta (formula) O₂. Ogsijiin- labo atamle (diatomic oxygen) wuxuu ka kooban yahay 20.8% ee gibilka dhulka. Madaama ay iskudhisyadiisa ay ka midyihiin ogsiidhyo, [[Oogo (dhul)|oogada dhulka]] badhkeed ayaa ka sameysan curiyaha. ==Taariikhda Ogsajiinta== Tan iyo xilligii Dhagaxa, gubashada waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu faa'iidada badan aadanaha taariikhda oo dhan, isla markaana ka mid ah kuwa ugu qarsoon. Faylasuufyo iyo saynisyahano badan, laga soo bilaabo Xilligii [[Giriiga]] iyo ka dib, Sida Fiilo ee [[Imbiraadooriyada Biizantiin|Bisantiinyiintu]], ilaa khubaro iyo kiimikooyin Muslimiin ah oo qarniyadii dhexe ahaa, ayaa isku dayay inay sharaxaan dhacdadan, iyagoo bixinaya fasiraado kala duwan. Dabka waxaa loo arkay mid ka mid ah afar walxood oo dhaqameed ah, sida laga soo xigtay fahamka baahsan ee caalamka waqtigaas, oo ka kooban Caalamka. = Atomka Ogsajiinta = = Isticmaalka Ogsajiinta = [[File:O-TableImage.svg|thumb|Oxygen]] '''Oxygen''' Waxa uu ka mid yahay qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee kimikada waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa xarafka ah "O" Atam kiisuna waa 8 waana gaaska aduunka ugu badan. =Tixraac= {{commons|Category:Oxygen}} {{Gumud}} {{Jadwalka Curiyayaasha}} [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] j3vto59f3osp58y5vh7ie6elv6w508m 0 12434 307455 157172 2026-09-07T21:39:05Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307455 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saliid''' ({{lang-en|Oil}} ,{{lang-ar|زيت}}) waa [[isku dhis]]yo [[dareere]] ah oo laga helo [[dhir]]ta, [[xayawaan]]ka iyo [[dhul]]ka hoostiisa. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo Saliid ah. Tusaale ahaan, Saliida laga sameeyo [[dhir]]ta oo loo isticmaalo cuntada IWM. Saliida xoolaha ooy ka mid yihiin '''Subaga''' iyo '''Badhida'''. Iyo Saliida dabiiciga ah ee laga helo [[dhul]]ka hoostiisa taas oo laga sameeyo shidaal IWM. == Jaadadka Saliida == === Saliidaha Cuntada === * saliida qumbaha * saliida geed timireedka * saliida gabad dayahay * saliida miraha qaraha iyo bocorka * saliida saytuunka * saliida lawska * saliidagaleyda *Saliid macasarada === Saliida shidaalka === * saliid siyaabo badan loo isticmaalo * saliid aan la cuni karin shidaal ahaanna loo adeegsado === saliida aashitada === waa mida laga helo miraha aashitada leh sida liinta burtuqaalka iyo liin dhanaanta waxaa laga sameeya cadarka. {{Gumud}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Dareere]] [[Category:Saynis]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Juquraafi]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Heerkul]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Curiye]] eocf65b0g5g1aws5hq7yt0ko9h25hp9 0 12685 307456 220765 2026-09-07T21:40:29Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307456 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NCI butter.jpg|thumb|Subag]] '''Subag''' ({{lang-ar|زبدة}} {{lang-it|burro}} {{lang-en|butter}}) waa [[dareere]] huruud ah oo [[caano|caanaha]] [[xoolo|xoolaha]] laga sameeyo. Subagu wuxuu u qaab dhow yahay [[saliid]]a, laakiin wuu ka nafaqo badan yahay [[ur]]tiisana wey ka caraf badan tahay. * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200000845 Butter] {{Gumud}} {{caano}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Cunto]] [[Category:Caano]] he6xbfo5pzbistzjboawh6phr16u2hp 0 12720 307425 294997 2026-09-07T20:36:51Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307425 wikitext text/x-wiki Ka timid Wikipedia, Insaykalabeedhiyaha Xorta ah {{taxobox | image = Patates.jpg | image_caption = Midhaha baradhada waa mid noocyo badan oo midabo iyo xajmi kala duwan leh | regnum = Plantae | division = Angiosperms | class = Eudicots | unranked_ordo = Asterids | ordo = Solanales | familia = Solanaceae | genus = ''Solanum'' | species = '''''S. tuberosum''''' | binomial = ''Solanum tuberosum'' | binomial_authority = Carl Linnaeus|L }} ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan "Baradhada". Isticmaal kale fiiri Baradho (isticmaal kale)'' '''Baradho''', '''Baradhe''', '''Bataati''' ({{lang-ar|البطاطس}} {{lang-it|patata}} {{lang-en|potato}}) waa [[midho]] ka mid ah [[khudaar]]ta oo ka baxa [[dhir]]ta xididadeeda. Barandhadu waxay ka mid tahay cuntooyinka dadka iyo xooluhu quutaan. Inta la ogyahay waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo barandho ah kuwaasi oo ku kala duwan midabka, dhadhanka, xajmiga iyo qarada. Jaada ugu caansan ee dunida inta ugu badan laga helo waa barandhaha cadaan-huruud (yellow-white) qolof fudud leh. Baradhada waa cuntada afaraad ee dunida, waxa ka horeeya [[bariis]]ka, [[qamadi]]ga iyo [[galley]]da oo kali ah. Sida ay xuseen khubarada cilmibaadhista dhirtu, baradhadu waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa dhulka hoose ee wadamada [[Koonfurta Ameerika]], gaar ahaan Jili. In kastoo isbedel xaga jiiniska (genes) lagu sameeyay barandhaha, hadana 99% barandhaha caalamka laga isticmaalo waa mid ka soo jeedaa deegaanadaasi Koonfurta Ameerika. Baradhada oo ah khudaar midho wareegsan oo midabo badan leh, inta badan huruud cadaan ku dhex jiro, ayaa ka mid ah khudaarta lagu daro [[cunto|cuntada]] ama kaligiis la karsado. Midhaha [[geed]]ka baradhadu waxay ka baxdaa [[dhul|carada dhulka]] hoosteeda. =Geedka Baradhaha= [[File:Potato flowers.jpg|thumb|Ubaxa geedka barandhaha.]] Geedka barandhaha wuxuu koraa dherer ah ilaa 60 cm taasi oo ku xidhan nooca iyo nafada uu helo geedku. Barandhadu waxay bixisaa caleemo balaadhan oo cagaar ah ka hor intaanay ubax iyo midho yeelan. Bacariminta ubaxa geedka barandhaha waxaa ka qeyb qaata [[xasharaad]]ka taasi oo lagu magacaabo ''Bacarimin-isdhaafsi'' (cross-pollination). Guud ahaan, waxaa jiraa ilaa 9,000 oo nooc oo barandho ah kuwaasi oo in ka badan 7,000 laga helo deegaanada Koonfurta Ameerika, gaar ahaan wadanada [[Jili]], [[Boliifia]], [[Ikwadoor]] iyo [[Kolombiya]]. Intaasi waxaa dheer noocyo badan oo lagu qiyaaso ilaa 200 oo ah barandho duur-joog ah oo ka baxda keymaha iyo duurka. In ku dhow 100 nooc oo lagu diyaariyay shaybaadhka ayaa iyaguna ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee barandhaha. Kuwani waxay noqon karaan kuwo ka kooban boqolaal nooc oo la isku keenay oo laga soo soocay baradho kala duwan. Bixitaanka barandhadu waxay u baahan tahay biyo badan, cimilo qaboow iyo caro nafaqo leh taasi oo si fiican looga heli karo wadanada ka fog dhulbadhaha. =Taariikhda Baradhaha= Geedka barandhaha waxaa markii ugu horeeysay lagu dhaqan jiray deegaanada Koonfurta Ameerika sida wadanka [[Peru]] iyo waqooyi-bari [[Boliifia]] wakhti imika laga joogo 8,000 ilaa 10,000 sano ka hor. Wakhtiyadaasi wixii ka dambeeyay ayay si tartiib ah ugu fiday dunida dacaladeeda. In kastoo ay baradhadu asal ku ahayd qaarada Koonfurta Ameerika, waxay dunida inteeda kale soo gaadhay wakhtigii uu gumaystihii [[Isbayn|Isbaanishka]] qabsaday qaaradaas, ka dibna u soo bandhigey [[Yurub]] midhaha barandhaha ee uu ka keenay deegaanadaasi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala duwanaanshaha carada iyo cimilada ayaa keentay ineey guuldaro kala kulmaan dhaqashada barandhaha Yurub dhexdeeda. Goortaas wixii ka dambeeyay ayaa gumeeystihii reer Yurub bilaabeen ineey ku fidiyaan wadanada ay wakhtiyadaasi maamuli jireen ee ku yaalay qaaradaha [[Afrika]], [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]]. =Cunto Ahaan= [[Image:PotatoYield.png|thumb|left|Wadanada ugu soo saarista badan barandhaha dunida, 2000]] Sida ay sheegtay hay'ada Cuntada Beeraha iyo Dalaga ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]] sheegtay waxsoo saarka barandhaha dunidu wuxuu ahaa sanadkii 2013kii ilaa 368 milyan ton.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor |title=FAOSTAT |publisher=faostat.fao.org |accessdate=25 January 2015 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=19 Bisha Lixaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619130038/http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Qiyaastii labo meelood baradhaha la soo saaro waxaa cuna aadamaha, halka inta soo hadhay la quudiyo [[xoolo|xoolaha]] iyo xayawaanka, ama loo isticmaalo si looga sameeyo alaab. Tusaale ahaan, qaarada Yurub barandhuhu waa quudka ugu muhiimsan nolosha maalinle ee aadamaha, taasi oo lagu qiyaaso in qof kasta uu ugu yaraan maalintii hal mar cunto baradho leh isticmaalo. Laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 2007da wadanka [[Shiinaha]] wuxuu noqday midka ugu horeeya ee soo saara barandhaha dunida, waxaana la sheegay in sadex meelood hal meel laga beero wadankaasi. Wadanka labaad waa [[Hindiya]] oo soo saarto tiro aad u badan oo lagu isticmaalo gudaha iyo dibada wadankaasi.<ref name=FAO2008>{{cite web|title=Potato world|url=http://www.fao.org/potato-2008/en/world/index.html|publisher=FAO|accessdate=21 December 2014|date=2008|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=16 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216003254/http://www.fao.org/potato-2008/en/world/index.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref name="potato2008.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.potato2008.org/en/world/index.html |title=World-wide potato production statistics |publisher=Potato World |accessdate=10 September 2008 |archive-date=20 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220030850/http://www.potato2008.org/en/world/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="4" style="font-size:large;font-weight:bold"| Wax Soo-saarka Barandhaha, 2003dii |- ! Wadanka !! milyan mitir ton |- | [[File:Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg|25px]] [[Shiinaha]] || 88.9 |- | [[File:Flag of India.svg|25px]] [[Hindiya]] || 45.3 |- | [[File:Flag_of_Russia.svg|25px]] [[Ruushka]] || 30.2 |- | [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|25px]] [[Ukrain]] || 22.3 |- | [[File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|25px]] [[Maraykanka]] || 19.8 |- | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|25px]] [[Jarmalka]] || 9.7 |- | [[File:Flag of France.svg|25px|border]] [[Faransiiska]] || 7.0 |- | [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|25px]] [[Bangladesh]] || 8.6 |- | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|border|25px]] [[Holland]] || 6.8 |- | [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|25px|border]] [[Boland]] || 6.3 |- ! '''Wadar''' !! '''368.1''' |} =Nafaqada Barandhada= Khudaarta maalin walba [[dad]]ku isticmaalaan waxaa ka mid ah kuwo dhariga loo isticmaalo iyo kuwo bisil oo sideeda lagu cuno. Isku soo wada duub qaar hoos waxaad ku arki in ka mid ah guud ahaan khudaarta. <br clear="all" /> {| id="toc" style="margin: 0;background:#ffffff;" width="100%" align="center" ! align="left" style="background:#ccccff;" width="200" align="center" |Khudaar ! align="right" rowspan="1" width="5%"| [[File:Marketvegetables.jpg|60px|]] |- ! align="left" style="background:#8DB600;" width="200" align="center" | Khudaarta Bisil (fruit) |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 130%" | [[Babaay]] {{·}} [[Liin Macaan]] {{·}} [[Liin Dhanaan]] {{·}} [[Liin Bambeelmo]] {{·}} [[Liin Qarboosh]] {{·}} [[Tufaax]] {{·}} [[Muus]] {{·}} [[Cambe]] {{·}} [[Canab]]ka {{·}} [[Qare]] {{·}} |- ! align="left" style="background:#00FF7F;" width="200" align="center" | Khudaarta dheriga (vegetable) |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 130%" | [[Barandhe]] {{·}} [[Basal]] {{·}} [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] {{·}} [[toon]]ta {{·}} [[Dabocase]] {{·}} [[besbaas]]ka {{·}} [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] {{·}} [[saladh]]ka {{·}} [[toon]]ta {{·}} [[kaaroot]]ka {{·}} |} * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101970769 Digging for Your Dinner] =Xigasho= {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Khudaar]] [[Category:Cunto]] l8zvozy6r1gh3tum5lhizlzte44rz5c 0 12721 307424 188172 2026-09-07T20:31:50Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307424 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Salad_platter.jpg|center|500px|thumb|Saladh]] '''Ansalaato'''' sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Salar''' ({{lang-ar|سلطة}} {{lang-it|insalata}} {{lang-en|salad}}) waa [[miro]] ka mid ah [[khudaar]]ta taas oo ka baxda [[dhir]]ta oo lagu darsado [[cunto|cuntada]]. Khudaarta salarku waa [[caleen|caleemo]] balaaran oo cagaar ah kaas oo ka baxa [[dhul|carada dhulka]] hoosteeda. Salarku uma baahna in la kariyo ee sidiisa ayaa lagu cunaa. Khudaarta maalin walba [[dad]]ku isticmaalaan waxaa ka mid ah: [[basal|basasha]], [[yaanyo|yaanyadu]], baradhaha, [[salar]]ka, [[toon]]ta, [[kaaroot]]ka, [[besbaas]]ka, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. {{Gumud}} {{Cunto}} [[Category:Khudaar]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Cunto]] [[Category:Midho]] mv9nd533pwt4xg65u44p9xwa0shl6ht 0 12722 307431 268335 2026-09-07T20:45:08Z Soalt 39618 tempate:cunto 307431 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BunchCarrots.jpg|thumb|Tiro badan oo kaaroot ah.]] [[File:Daucus carota subsp. maximus MHNT.BOT.2007.40.407.jpg|thumb|''Daucus carota subsp. maximus'']] '''Kaaroot'''' sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Kaaroote''' ({{lang-ar|جزر}} {{lang-la|Daucus carota}} {{lang-it|carota}} {{lang-en|carrot}}) waa [[midho]] ka mid ah [[khudaar]]ta taas oo ka baxda [[dhir]]ta oo lagu darsado [[cunto|cuntada]]. Khudaarta kaarootku waa [[midho]] dhuuban oo midbka [[liin]]ta leh kaas oo ka baxa [[dhul|carada dhulka]] hoosteeda. Kaarootku uma baahna in la kariyo ee sidiisa ayaa lagu cuni karaa, sidoo kale waa la kariyaa si loo jilciyo. Khudaarta maalin walba [[dad]]ku isticmaalaan waxaa ka mid ah: [[basal|basasha]], [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]], barandhaha, [[saladh]]ka, [[toon]]ta, [[kaaroot]]ka, [[besbaas]]ka, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. == Waxtarka katootada == {{Commons|Daucus carota}} Karootadu waxay ka mid tahay cunnooyinka ay soomaalidu taqaano, lagana helo dhulkooda, karootadu waxay leedahay faa'idooyin badan oo aan ahayn kaliya in aragga ay wax u tarto, waxaan halkaan ku soo koobayaa dhowr [[cudur]] oo karootada ka hortag ahaan loogu qaato: * '''Kolestaroolka:''' Diraasad lagu sameeyay dad qaba cudurka kolestaroolka oo ku nool dalka ingiirska waxaa ka soo baxday in heerka kolestaroolka uu hoos u dhacay boqolkiiba 11% markii ay qaateen in ka yar rubac karooto ah maalin kasta muddo sadax usbuuc ah, sidaas awgeed haddii xanuunkaan lagugu sheegay ama aad halist ugu jirtid, ku dadaal cunista karootada si aad uga maarantid [[daawo]], * '''Caafimaadka Wadnaha:''' Diraasad ay sameeyeen cilmibaarayaal u dhashay dalka Sweden waxay soo daabaceen qoraal ka hadlayo sida ay karootada uga hortagto cudurrada wadnaha iyagoo isbarbardhigay dadka joogteeyo karootada iyo dadka aanan qaadan, * '''[[Dhiig karka|Dhiig-karka]]:''' Karootada waxaa ka buuxo maado loo yaqaano "[[Botashiyaam|Potassium]]", waxay jirka u tartaa inay waasiciso xididada dhiiga khaasatan markuu cadaadiska dhiigga uu kaco, waxaa kaloo karootada ku jiro maado kale oo loo yaqaano "Coumarin" oo iyadane cadaadisak dhiiga kontaroolkisia ka qeyb qaadato, haddii dhiigkarku kugu cusub yahay, isticmaal karootada maalin kasta oo joogteey adigoo cadaadisak dhiigaagane cabira si aad u ogaato waxtarkeeda, * '''Difaaca jirka:''' Karootadu waxay ka mid tahay cunnada difaaca jirka sare u qaado, taasoo firfircooni ku abuurto unugyada cadcad ee jirka ka difaaco caabuqa noocyadiisa kala duwan, akhriso qoraal ku saabsan Unugyada cadcad iyo waxay ay jirka u taraan. * '''Dheef-shiidka:''' Sida cagaarka oo kale ayay karootada u wanaajisaa dheefshiidka iyo shaqada caloosha iyo mindhicirrada qofka, waxay ka hortagtaa calool fadhiga, taasoo yarayso halista baabasiirka, * '''[[Kansar|Kansarka]]:''' Karootada waxaa ka buuxo maado la yiraahdo "Beta-carotene" maadadaan waxay yaraysaa halista kansarada khaasatan kansarka sambabka, waxaa la arkay haddii qofka maadadaan uu ka qaato 2.7 milligram maalin kasta inay yaraynayso halista kansarka boqolkiiba 40% markii lagu tijaabiyay dadka sigaarka aad u cabo, cilmibaaris kale waxaa lagu arkay inay yarayso halista kansarka malawadka ku dhaco, taasi waxay na tusinaysaa in karootadu ay faa'ido ka hortag oo aad wayn in ay leedahay haddii la joogteeyo. * '''[[Araga|Aragga iyo Caafimaadka Indhaha]]:''' Karootada waxaa ku jirto maaddo la dhaho "beta-carotene" oo indhaha faaido ugu jirto oo siyaadiso awoodda aragga. Markii karootada la cuno, maadadaas waxaa la geeyaa beerka, kadib beerka wuxuu u badalaa Vitamin A, kadib Vitamin A-ga waxay ishu u sii badashaa maadada muhiimka ah ee isha u baahan tahay oo loo yaqaano "rhodopsin" waana maadada u qaabilsan aragtida midabka. Maadada "beta-carotene" waxay kaloo ka hortagtaa dhaawaca sonkorta isha ay gaarsiiso iyo caadka indhaha fuulo. Karootadu waxay kaloo ka hortagtaa daawane u tahay xanuun ku dhaco indhaha loona yaqaano "Macular Degeneration", cilladaani waxay timaadaa qofka markuu duqoobo. * '''[[Ilko|Caafimaadka Ilkaha]]:''' Karootadu waxay kordhisaa calyada, waayna la dagaallantaa bakteeriyada afka ku dhalato, sidaasne waxay ku yaraysaa suuska iyo bololka ilkaha. * '''Faaliga / Storke:''' Waxaa la yiraahdaa karootada oo maalin walba la cuno waxay yaraysaa halista faaliga boqolkiiba 68%, sababtuna waa maadada aan kor ku soo tilmaamay ee "Beta carotene" oo maskaxda u roon, * '''[[Sokorow|Macaanka / Sokorowga]]:''' Karootadu waxay kontarooshaa heerka sonkorta ee dhiigga, waxayna ka hortagtaa howlgabka ama firfircooni yarida unugyada soo saaro insulinta, khaasatan waxaa lagula taliyaa dadka sokorta ugu isticmaalayo daawo ahaan in ay shiitaan oo juus ama [[cabitaan]] ahaan u cabaa iyadoo sokor lagu darin. Waxay karootadu waxtarkeedu badan tahay inta aan la karin, sideeda ayaa loo cuni karaa ama waa la shiidan karaa oo cabitaan ahaan ayaa loo cabaa.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://somalidoc.com/smf/index.php?topic=5745.0 |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-date=2016-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820113335/http://somalidoc.com/smf/index.php?topic=5745.0 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Cambe]] * [[Moos]] * [[Liin Macaan|Liin macaan]] * [[Tufaax]] * [[Saytuun]] * [[Canuuni]] * [[Caad (geed)|Caad]] == Tixraac == {{Gumud}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Khudaar]] [[Category:Cunto]] cxrksf0wuq469pikc19gnrcfyalaufx 0 12725 307427 297364 2026-09-07T20:40:16Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307427 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan Liinta. Bogag kale fiiri [[Liin Dhanaan]], [[Liin Qarboosh]], [[Liin Baydarin]] iyo [[Liin Bambeelmo]] ::''Boga "[[Liin Macaan]]" halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay. {{taxobox |name = Liin Macaan |image = Oranges - whole-halved-segment.jpg |image_caption = Xabada liin macaan iyo jeex |alt=refer to caption |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Sapindales |familia = [[Khudaar]] |genus = ''[[Liin Macaan|Liin]]'' |species = '''''C.'' × ''sinensis''''' |binomial = ''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' |binomial_authority = (Carl Linnaeus) Osbeck<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?10782 |title=Citrus sinensis information from NPGS/GRIN |publisher=www.ars-grin.gov |accessdate=2008-03-17 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133709/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?10782 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |}} '''Liin''' ({{lang-en|orange}}; {{lang-ar|برتقال}}) waa [[midho]] ka mid ah [[khudaar]]ta taas oo ka baxda [[dhir]]ta oo siday tahay lagu [[cunto|cuno]]..<ref name=usda_>{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CISI3|title=Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.) (maxima × reticulata) sweet orange|work=Plants.USDA.gov|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2015-09-18|archive-date=2011-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512023634/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CISI3|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Liintu waxay ka mid tahay [[midho|midhaha]] bisil ee sideeda lagu cuno, ayadoo laga helo [[biyo]] iyo fiitamiino badan. Liintu waa midho wareegsan oo leh qolof midab oranji ah iyo mid casuus ah gudaha, waxaanay ka baxaan [[geed]]o dhexdhexaad ah oo qodax miidhan ah. [[File:OrangeBloss_wb.jpg|thumb|Midhaha Liin macaanta.]] Taariikh ahaan, dadku waxay midhaha liinta aqoon u lahaayeen tan iyo qarniyaal badan. Sida lagu cadeeyay qoraal la helay wakhti dhowayd, dadka [[Shiinaha]] waxay isticmaali jireen khudaarta liinta ilaa [[sanad|314 sano Ciise Hortii]]<ref name=fullgenome>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/ng.2472 | volume=45 | title=The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) | journal=Nature Genetics | pages=59–66}}</ref><ref name="AGLthesis">{{cite thesis |title=Organización de la diversidad genética de los cítricos |year=2013 |author=Andrés García Lor |url=https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/31518/Versi%C3%B3n3.Tesis%20Andr%C3%A9s%20Garc%C3%ADa-Lor.pdf |pages=79 |access-date=2015-09-18 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225034715/https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/31518/Versi%C3%B3n3.Tesis%20Andr%C3%A9s%20Garc%C3%ADa-Lor.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=genealogy_review>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nbt.2954 | volume=32 | title=A genealogy of the citrus family | journal=Nature Biotechnology | pages=640–642}}</ref><ref name=fullgenome /> [[Beer]]ashada geedka liintu wuxuu aad u batay sanadkii 1987kii taasi oo la sheegay in uu labo-laabmey beerida iyo soo saarka liintu, taasi oo iyadna ku salaysneed kordhitaanka suuqa liinta caalamka.<ref name=morton>Morton, J., [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/orange.html ''Fruits of Warm Climates''] (1987) Miami, FL, pp. 134–142.</ref> Orange trees are widely grown in tropical and subtropical climates for their sweet fruit. The fruit of the orange tree can be eaten fresh, or processed for its juice or fragrant peel.<ref name="ars-grin.gov">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Citrus sinensis information from NPGS/GRIN |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?10782 |access-date=2015-09-18 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133709/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?10782 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Warbixin ay Hay'ada Cuntada Aduunku soo saartey sanadkii 2012ka Liin Macaantu waxay ahayd 70% dhamaan liinta caalamka la soo saaro.<ref name="citrusgenomedb.org">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120824011802/http://www.citrusgenomedb.org/organisms ''Organisms'']. Citrus Genome Database</ref> Wadanada caalamku waxay soo saareeyn ilaa 71.4 milyan oo liin ah sanadkii 2013ka, taasi oo wadanka [[Baraasiil]] ahaa midka koowaad, wadanka [[Maraykanka]] ayaa ku noqdey wadanka labaad ee ugu soo saarka badan liinta aduunka, gaar ahaan [[Florida|gobolka Florida]] iyo [[Kalifornia]] ayaa ugu batay beerida iyo soo saarka.<ref name="fao">{{cite web|title=Top Production of Oranges, 2013 – choose "Production, Crops, World" in the left margin and picklist|url=http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QC/E|publisher=United Nations, Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO Statistics|date=2013|accessdate=21 June 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=22 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122053717/http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QC/E|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Liinta biyaheedu aad ayay u macaan yihiin, oo waxa ka dhamama [[sonkor]] iyo xoogaa dhanaan ah, waxaanay qani ku tahay fiitamiin sii (vitamin c) [[jidh]]ka [[dad]]ku u baahan yahay. Waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo liin ah, kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: '''[[Liin Dhanaan]]ta''', '''[[Liin Bambeelmo]]''', '''[[Liin Beydariin]]''', iyo '''[[Liin Qarboosh]]ta'''. [[Khudaar]]ta iyo [[midho|midhaha]] maalin walba [[dad]]ku isticmaalaan waxaa ka mid ah: [[tufaax]]a, [[cambe]]ha, [[basal|basasha]], [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]], [[barandhe|barandhaha]], [[saladh]]ka, [[toon]]ta, [[babaay]]ga, [[moos]]ka, [[kaaroot]]ka, [[besbaas]]ka, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. =Taariikh= Dhamaan noocyada liintu waxay ka soo tafiirmeen geedka "genus" ee [[Saynis]] ahaan loo yaqaano ''Sitrus''. Taasi micnaheedu waa in dhamaan noocyada kale (sida [[Liin Dhanaan]]ta, [[Liin Qarboosh]]ta iyo [[Liin Bambeelmo|Liin Bambeelmada]]) ka soo tafiirmeen geedka Jenus ee liin macaanka.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Superspecies |url=http://www.scientific-web.com/en/Biology/Taxonomy/Superspecies.html |access-date=2015-09-18 |archive-date=2012-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101111210/http://www.scientific-web.com/en/Biology/Taxonomy/Superspecies.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Yellow Oranges and Green Tangerines (橙黃橘綠) by Zhao Lingrang (趙令穰).jpg|thumb|upright|Sida ka muuqata [[sawir]] wakhti hore ah geedka iyo midhaha liinta]] Sida lagu xusay taariikhda geedka liinta waxaa markii ugu horeeysay lagu isticmali jirey [[Shiinaha|koonfurta wadanka Shiinaha]] oo la aaminsan yahay ineey tahay meesha ay asal ahaan ka timidey, iyo deegaano ka mid ah [[Aasiya|wadanada Koonfurbari Aasiya]]. Waxaa [[beer]]ashada geedka la [[dad]]ku bilaabeen ilaa [[C.H|2500 sano C.H]] (Ciise Hortii).<ref>Webber, Herbert John (1967–1989). [http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160523072403/http://websites.lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter1.htm Chapter I. History and Development of the Citrus Industry] in ''ORIGIN OF CITRUS'', Vol. 1. University of California</ref> Dhinaca [[Yurub|qaarada Yurub]] waxaa la sheegay in nooc [[liin dhanaan]]ta ah lagu isticmaali jirey wadanka [[Talyaaniga]] taasi ooy ka sameeyn jireen [[daawo]]oyinka iyo walaxaha la isku dhayo. Waxay liintu aad ugu fiday qeybaha kale ee qaarada Yurub qiyaastii qarnigii 16aad, wakhtigaasi oo beerashada liintu aad u koobnayd. [[File:OUDRY Orange Tree.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sawir]] geedka liinta sanadkii 1740]] Waxaa [[Ameerika|qaaradaha Ameerika]] soo gaadhsiiyay liinta sahamiyayaashii [[Isbayn|boqortooyada Isbayn]]. [[Kiristofer Kolumbus]] ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu geedka liinta ka beeray agagaarka deegaanka loo yaqaano Hispaniola.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sauls |first=Julian W. |title=HOME FRUIT PRODUCTION-ORANGES |url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/citrus/oranges.htm |publisher=The Texas A&M University System |accessdate=30 November 2012 |date=December 1998}}</ref> =Magaca= Liin macaanta waxaa [[Ingiriis|Afka Ingiriis]]ka lagu yidhaahdaa "''Orange''" taasi oo maanta loo isticmaalo erey lagu sifeeyo mid ka mid ah [[midab]]ka (color).<ref name="Collins">{{cite web|title=Definition of ''orange''|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/orange?showCookiePolicy=true|publisher=[[Collins English Dictionary]] (collinsdictionary.com)}}</ref> Midabka oranji waa mid u dhexeeya [[huruud]] iyo [[casaan]]ka, waana mid inta ugu badan lagu tusaaleeyo inuu u eeg yahay [[liin macaan]]ta. =Sawiro= <gallery> File:Orange-Fruit-Pieces.jpg|Gobolo liin macaan ah File:Flower fleur زهرة.JPG| File:Orange Tree.jpg|Geedka Liinta File:Florida orange grove.JPG|Midhaha geedka liinta ka baxda [[Florida]] File:Indian hybrid Orange.jpg|Nooc ka mid ah liinta ka baxda wadanka [[Hindiya]] File:"Aesthetic Oranges".jpg|Liinta Kamala File:Citrus sinensis seedlings.jpg|Siidhka laga beero geedka beerta File:Navel orange sectioned.jpg|geedka liinta File:Caracaraorange.png|Nooc ka mid ah midhaha liinta File:Oranges blood vs regular.jpg|Isbarbardhiga muuqaalka gudaha iyo dibada File:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|Liin macaan iyo cabitaan laga sameeyay </gallery> =Faa'iidada= Liin macaantu waxay leedahay faa'iido badan oo [[jidh]]ka dadku u baahan yahay. Sida ay sheegtay Hay'ada Cuntada iyo Nafaqada wadanka [[Maraykanka]] ee loo yaqaano [[USA|USDA]], halkii xabo ee liin macaan ah waxaa ku jira 197 kilojuul (kJ) oo tamar ah, 0.94 g [[Borotiin]] ah, 86.75 g [[biyo]] ah, 0.12 g [[dux]] ah, 11.75 g kaarbonhydarte ah, 2.4 g fiber ah, 9.35 g [[sonkor]] ah, 40 miligiraan [[Kaalshiyaam]] ah, 0.1 miligiraam [[Bir]] ah, 10 mg [[Magniisiyaam]] ah, 14 mg [[Fosforos]] ah, 181 miligiraam [[Botashiyaam]] ah, 0.07 mg [[Sinki]] ah, 0.025 mg [[Manganiis]] ah, 53.2 miligiraam [[Fiitamiin]]-Sii ah, 0.087 mg thiamin, 0.04 mg riboflafin ah, 0.282 niakin ah, 0.25 bontothenik ah, 0.06 miligiraam FiitamiinB6 ah, 30 ug folate, 8.4 koline, 11 ug FiitamiinA ah, FiitamiinE iyo kuwo kale.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Link to USDA Database entry |url=http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09200&format=Full |access-date=2015-09-18 |archive-date=2016-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221132556/http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09200&format=Full |dead-url=yes }}</ref> =Khudaarta= Khudaarta maalin walba [[dad]]ku isticmaalaan waxaa ka mid ah kuwo la kariyo iyo kuwo bisil oo sideeda lagu cuno. Isku soo wada duub hoos waxaad ku arki qaar ka mid ah guud ahaan khudaarta. <br clear="all" /> {| id="toc" style="margin: 0;background:#ffffff;" width="100%" align="center" ! align="left" style="background:#ccccff;" width="200" align="center" |Khudaar ! align="right" rowspan="1" width="5%"| [[File:Watermelons.jpg|60px|]] |- ! align="left" style="background:#8DB600;" width="200" align="center" | Khudaarta Bisil (fruit) |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 130%" | [[Babaay]] {{·}} [[besbaas]]ka {{·}} [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] {{·}} [[saladh]]ka {{·}} [[toon]]ta {{·}} [[kaaroot]]ka {{·}} [[Liin Macaan]] {{·}} [[Liin Dhanaan]] {{·}} [[Liin Bambeelmo]] {{·}} [[Liin Qarboosh]] {{·}} [[Tufaax]] {{·}} [[Muus]] {{·}} [[Cambe]] {{·}} [[Canab]]ka {{·}} [[Qare]] {{·}} |- ! align="left" style="background:#00FF7F;" width="200" align="center" | Khudaarta Ceyriin (vegetable) |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 130%" | [[Barandhe]] {{·}} [[Basal]] {{·}} [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] {{·}} [[toon]]ta {{·}} [[Dabocase]] {{·}} [[Kamsar]] |} =Tixraac= * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20010208/When-Oranges-Are-Not-Orange/ When Oranges Are Not Orange] {{Reflist}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Midho]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Geed]] ox4sr1schgnts0x0mrskt2mbmptrroo 10 16101 307372 306448 2026-09-07T17:03:11Z ~2026-48509-44 47293 307372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] |list7= *[[460 (tiro)|460]] *'''[[461 (tiro)|461]]''' *[[462 (tiro)|462]] *'''[[463 (tiro)|463]] *[[464 (tiro)|464]] *[[465 (tiro)|465]] *[[466 (tiro)|466]] *'''[[467 (tiro)|467]]''' *[[468 (tiro)|468]] *[[469 (tiro)|469]] |list8= *[[470 (tiro)|470]] *[[471 (tiro)|471]] *[[472 (tiro)|472]] *[[473 (tiro)|473]] *[[474 (tiro)|474]] *[[475 (tiro)|475]] *[[476 (tiro)|476]] *[[477 (tiro)|477]] *[[478 (tiro)|478]] *'''[[479 (tiro)|479]]''' |list9= *[[480 (tiro)|480]] *[[481 (tiro)|481]] *[[482 (tiro)|482]] *[[483 (tiro)|483]] *[[484 (tiro)|484]] *[[485 (tiro)|485]] *[[486 (tiro)|486]] *'''[[487 (tiro)|487]]''' *[[488 (tiro)|488]] *[[489 (tiro)|489]] |list10= *[[490 (tiro)|490]] *'''[[491 (tiro)|491]]''' *[[492 (tiro)|492]] *[[493 (tiro)|493]] *[[494 (tiro)|494]] *[[495 (tiro)|495]] *[[496 (tiro)|496]] *[[497 (tiro)|497]] *[[498 (tiro)|498]] *'''[[499 (tiro)|499]]''' }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[500 (tiro)|500]] *[[501 (tiro)|501]] *[[502 (tiro)|502]] *'''[[503 (tiro)|503]]''' *[[504 (tiro)|504]] *[[505 (tiro)|505]] *[[506 (tiro)|506]] *[[507 (tiro)|507]] *[[508 (tiro)|508]] *'''[[509 (tiro)|509]]''' |list2= *[[510 (tiro)|510]] *[[511 (tiro)|511]] *[[512 (tiro)|512]] *[[513 (tiro)|513]] *[[514 (tiro)|514]] *[[515 (tiro)|515]] *[[516 (tiro)|516]] *[[517 (tiro)|517]] *[[518 (tiro)|518]] *[[519 (tiro)|519]] |list3= *[[520 (tiro)|520]] *'''[[521 (tiro)|521]]''' *[[522 (tiro)|522]] *'''[[523 (tiro)|523]]''' *[[524 (tiro)|524]] *[[525 (tiro)|525]] *[[526 (tiro)|526]] *[[527 (tiro)|527]] *[[528 (tiro)|528]] *[[529 (tiro)|529]] |list4= *[[530 (tiro)|530]] *[[531 (tiro)|531]] *[[532 (tiro)|532]] *[[533 (tiro)|533]] *[[534 (tiro)|534]] *[[535 (tiro)|535]] *[[536 (tiro)|536]] *[[537 (tiro)|537]] *[[538 (tiro)|538]] *[[539 (tiro)|539]] |list5= *[[540 (tiro)|540]] *'''[[541 (tiro)|541]]''' *[[542 (tiro)|542]] *[[543 (tiro)|543]] *[[544 (tiro)|544]] *[[545 (tiro)|545]] *[[546 (tiro)|546]] *'''[[547 (tiro)|547]]''' *[[548 (tiro)|548]] *[[549 (tiro)|549]] |list6= *[[550 (tiro)|550]] *[[551 (tiro)|551]] *[[552 (tiro)|552]] *[[553 (tiro)|553]] *[[554 (tiro)|554]] *[[555 (tiro)|555]] *[[556 (tiro)|556]] *'''[[557 (tiro)|557]]''' *[[558 (tiro)|558]] *[[559 (tiro)|559]] |list7= *[[560 (tiro)|560]] *[[561 (tiro)|561]] *[[562 (tiro)|562]] *'''[[563 (tiro)|563]]''' *[[564 (tiro)|564]] *[[565 (tiro)|565]] *[[566 (tiro)|566]] *[[567 (tiro)|567]] *[[568 (tiro)|568]] *'''[[569 (tiro)|569]]''' |list8= *[[570 (tiro)|570]] *'''[[571 (tiro)|571]]''' *[[572 (tiro)|572]] *[[573 (tiro)|573]] *[[574 (tiro)|574]] *[[575 (tiro)|575]] *[[576 (tiro)|576]] *'''[[577 (tiro)|577]]''' *[[578 (tiro)|578]] *[[579 (tiro)|579]] |list9= *[[580 (tiro)|580]] *[[581 (tiro)|581]] *[[582 (tiro)|582]] *[[583 (tiro)|583]] *[[584 (tiro)|584]] *[[585 (tiro)|585]] *[[586 (tiro)|586]] *'''[[587 (tiro)|587]]''' *[[588 (tiro)|588]] *[[589 (tiro)|589]] |list10= *[[590 (tiro)|590]] *[[591 (tiro)|591]] *[[592 (tiro)|592]] *'''[[593 (tiro)|593]] *[[594 (tiro)|594]] *[[595 (tiro)|595]] *[[596 (tiro)|596]] *[[597 (tiro)|597]] *[[598 (tiro)|598]] *'''[[599 (tiro)|599]]''' }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> l9o15ezfpgv6vf78hljlvpsia2i9mvl 307373 307372 2026-09-07T17:04:02Z ~2026-48509-44 47293 307373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] |list7= *[[460 (tiro)|460]] *'''[[461 (tiro)|461]]''' *[[462 (tiro)|462]] *'''[[463 (tiro)|463]] *[[464 (tiro)|464]] *[[465 (tiro)|465]] *[[466 (tiro)|466]] *'''[[467 (tiro)|467]]''' *[[468 (tiro)|468]] *[[469 (tiro)|469]] |list8= *[[470 (tiro)|470]] *[[471 (tiro)|471]] *[[472 (tiro)|472]] *[[473 (tiro)|473]] *[[474 (tiro)|474]] *[[475 (tiro)|475]] *[[476 (tiro)|476]] *[[477 (tiro)|477]] *[[478 (tiro)|478]] *'''[[479 (tiro)|479]]''' |list9= *[[480 (tiro)|480]] *[[481 (tiro)|481]] *[[482 (tiro)|482]] *[[483 (tiro)|483]] *[[484 (tiro)|484]] *[[485 (tiro)|485]] *[[486 (tiro)|486]] *'''[[487 (tiro)|487]]''' *[[488 (tiro)|488]] *[[489 (tiro)|489]] |list10= *[[490 (tiro)|490]] *'''[[491 (tiro)|491]]''' *[[492 (tiro)|492]] *[[493 (tiro)|493]] *[[494 (tiro)|494]] *[[495 (tiro)|495]] *[[496 (tiro)|496]] *[[497 (tiro)|497]] *[[498 (tiro)|498]] *'''[[499 (tiro)|499]]''' }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[500 (tiro)|500]] *[[501 (tiro)|501]] *[[502 (tiro)|502]] *'''[[503 (tiro)|503]]''' *[[504 (tiro)|504]] *[[505 (tiro)|505]] *[[506 (tiro)|506]] *[[507 (tiro)|507]] *[[508 (tiro)|508]] *'''[[509 (tiro)|509]]''' |list2= *[[510 (tiro)|510]] *[[511 (tiro)|511]] *[[512 (tiro)|512]] *[[513 (tiro)|513]] *[[514 (tiro)|514]] *[[515 (tiro)|515]] *[[516 (tiro)|516]] *[[517 (tiro)|517]] *[[518 (tiro)|518]] *[[519 (tiro)|519]] |list3= *[[520 (tiro)|520]] *'''[[521 (tiro)|521]]''' *[[522 (tiro)|522]] *'''[[523 (tiro)|523]]''' *[[524 (tiro)|524]] *[[525 (tiro)|525]] *[[526 (tiro)|526]] *[[527 (tiro)|527]] *[[528 (tiro)|528]] *[[529 (tiro)|529]] |list4= *[[530 (tiro)|530]] *[[531 (tiro)|531]] *[[532 (tiro)|532]] *[[533 (tiro)|533]] *[[534 (tiro)|534]] *[[535 (tiro)|535]] *[[536 (tiro)|536]] *[[537 (tiro)|537]] *[[538 (tiro)|538]] *[[539 (tiro)|539]] |list5= *[[540 (tiro)|540]] *'''[[541 (tiro)|541]]''' *[[542 (tiro)|542]] *[[543 (tiro)|543]] *[[544 (tiro)|544]] *[[545 (tiro)|545]] *[[546 (tiro)|546]] *'''[[547 (tiro)|547]]''' *[[548 (tiro)|548]] *[[549 (tiro)|549]] |list6= *[[550 (tiro)|550]] *[[551 (tiro)|551]] *[[552 (tiro)|552]] *[[553 (tiro)|553]] *[[554 (tiro)|554]] *[[555 (tiro)|555]] *[[556 (tiro)|556]] *'''[[557 (tiro)|557]]''' *[[558 (tiro)|558]] *[[559 (tiro)|559]] |list7= *[[560 (tiro)|560]] *[[561 (tiro)|561]] *[[562 (tiro)|562]] *'''[[563 (tiro)|563]]''' *[[564 (tiro)|564]] *[[565 (tiro)|565]] *[[566 (tiro)|566]] *[[567 (tiro)|567]] *[[568 (tiro)|568]] *'''[[569 (tiro)|569]]''' |list8= *[[570 (tiro)|570]] *'''[[571 (tiro)|571]]''' *[[572 (tiro)|572]] *[[573 (tiro)|573]] *[[574 (tiro)|574]] *[[575 (tiro)|575]] *[[576 (tiro)|576]] *'''[[577 (tiro)|577]]''' *[[578 (tiro)|578]] *[[579 (tiro)|579]] |list9= *[[580 (tiro)|580]] *[[581 (tiro)|581]] *[[582 (tiro)|582]] *[[583 (tiro)|583]] *[[584 (tiro)|584]] *[[585 (tiro)|585]] *[[586 (tiro)|586]] *'''[[587 (tiro)|587]]''' *[[588 (tiro)|588]] *[[589 (tiro)|589]] |list10= *[[590 (tiro)|590]] *[[591 (tiro)|591]] *[[592 (tiro)|592]] *'''[[593 (tiro)|593]] *[[594 (tiro)|594]] *[[595 (tiro)|595]] *[[596 (tiro)|596]] *[[597 (tiro)|597]] *[[598 (tiro)|598]] *'''[[599 (tiro)|599]]''' }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list11={{Navbox|child |title=[[1000 (tiro)|1000]] |state={{if|eq| {{{1|}}}|10|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> fqj7r2t939tpjdeaf9m49hscv0mkwbj 307374 307373 2026-09-07T17:13:45Z ~2026-48509-44 47293 307374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] |list7= *[[460 (tiro)|460]] *'''[[461 (tiro)|461]]''' *[[462 (tiro)|462]] *'''[[463 (tiro)|463]] *[[464 (tiro)|464]] *[[465 (tiro)|465]] *[[466 (tiro)|466]] *'''[[467 (tiro)|467]]''' *[[468 (tiro)|468]] *[[469 (tiro)|469]] |list8= *[[470 (tiro)|470]] *[[471 (tiro)|471]] *[[472 (tiro)|472]] *[[473 (tiro)|473]] *[[474 (tiro)|474]] *[[475 (tiro)|475]] *[[476 (tiro)|476]] *[[477 (tiro)|477]] *[[478 (tiro)|478]] *'''[[479 (tiro)|479]]''' |list9= *[[480 (tiro)|480]] *[[481 (tiro)|481]] *[[482 (tiro)|482]] *[[483 (tiro)|483]] *[[484 (tiro)|484]] *[[485 (tiro)|485]] *[[486 (tiro)|486]] *'''[[487 (tiro)|487]]''' *[[488 (tiro)|488]] *[[489 (tiro)|489]] |list10= *[[490 (tiro)|490]] *'''[[491 (tiro)|491]]''' *[[492 (tiro)|492]] *[[493 (tiro)|493]] *[[494 (tiro)|494]] *[[495 (tiro)|495]] *[[496 (tiro)|496]] *[[497 (tiro)|497]] *[[498 (tiro)|498]] *'''[[499 (tiro)|499]]''' }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[500 (tiro)|500]] *[[501 (tiro)|501]] *[[502 (tiro)|502]] *'''[[503 (tiro)|503]]''' *[[504 (tiro)|504]] *[[505 (tiro)|505]] *[[506 (tiro)|506]] *[[507 (tiro)|507]] *[[508 (tiro)|508]] *'''[[509 (tiro)|509]]''' |list2= *[[510 (tiro)|510]] *[[511 (tiro)|511]] *[[512 (tiro)|512]] *[[513 (tiro)|513]] *[[514 (tiro)|514]] *[[515 (tiro)|515]] *[[516 (tiro)|516]] *[[517 (tiro)|517]] *[[518 (tiro)|518]] *[[519 (tiro)|519]] |list3= *[[520 (tiro)|520]] *'''[[521 (tiro)|521]]''' *[[522 (tiro)|522]] *'''[[523 (tiro)|523]]''' *[[524 (tiro)|524]] *[[525 (tiro)|525]] *[[526 (tiro)|526]] *[[527 (tiro)|527]] *[[528 (tiro)|528]] *[[529 (tiro)|529]] |list4= *[[530 (tiro)|530]] *[[531 (tiro)|531]] *[[532 (tiro)|532]] *[[533 (tiro)|533]] *[[534 (tiro)|534]] *[[535 (tiro)|535]] *[[536 (tiro)|536]] *[[537 (tiro)|537]] *[[538 (tiro)|538]] *[[539 (tiro)|539]] |list5= *[[540 (tiro)|540]] *'''[[541 (tiro)|541]]''' *[[542 (tiro)|542]] *[[543 (tiro)|543]] *[[544 (tiro)|544]] *[[545 (tiro)|545]] *[[546 (tiro)|546]] *'''[[547 (tiro)|547]]''' *[[548 (tiro)|548]] *[[549 (tiro)|549]] |list6= *[[550 (tiro)|550]] *[[551 (tiro)|551]] *[[552 (tiro)|552]] *[[553 (tiro)|553]] *[[554 (tiro)|554]] *[[555 (tiro)|555]] *[[556 (tiro)|556]] *'''[[557 (tiro)|557]]''' *[[558 (tiro)|558]] *[[559 (tiro)|559]] |list7= *[[560 (tiro)|560]] *[[561 (tiro)|561]] *[[562 (tiro)|562]] *'''[[563 (tiro)|563]]''' *[[564 (tiro)|564]] *[[565 (tiro)|565]] *[[566 (tiro)|566]] *[[567 (tiro)|567]] *[[568 (tiro)|568]] *'''[[569 (tiro)|569]]''' |list8= *[[570 (tiro)|570]] *'''[[571 (tiro)|571]]''' *[[572 (tiro)|572]] *[[573 (tiro)|573]] *[[574 (tiro)|574]] *[[575 (tiro)|575]] *[[576 (tiro)|576]] *'''[[577 (tiro)|577]]''' *[[578 (tiro)|578]] *[[579 (tiro)|579]] |list9= *[[580 (tiro)|580]] *[[581 (tiro)|581]] *[[582 (tiro)|582]] *[[583 (tiro)|583]] *[[584 (tiro)|584]] *[[585 (tiro)|585]] *[[586 (tiro)|586]] *'''[[587 (tiro)|587]]''' *[[588 (tiro)|588]] *[[589 (tiro)|589]] |list10= *[[590 (tiro)|590]] *[[591 (tiro)|591]] *[[592 (tiro)|592]] *'''[[593 (tiro)|593]] *[[594 (tiro)|594]] *[[595 (tiro)|595]] *[[596 (tiro)|596]] *[[597 (tiro)|597]] *[[598 (tiro)|598]] *'''[[599 (tiro)|599]]''' }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[600 (tiro)|600]] *'''[[601 (tiro)|601]] *[[602 (tiro)|602]] *[[603 (tiro)|603]] *[[604 (tiro)|604]] *[[605 (tiro)|605]] *[[606 (tiro)|606]] *'''[[607 (tiro)|607]]''' *[[608 (tiro)|608]] *[[609 (tiro)|609]] |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list11={{Navbox|child |title=[[1000 (tiro)|1000]] |state={{if|eq| {{{1|}}}|10|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> jpdece9u37ksuvrno6sueoh3xdji6pe 307375 307374 2026-09-07T17:41:13Z Isma4l 41797 La ilaaliyay "[[Template:Abyoone]]": Wax ka badalo akoon kumeel gaar ah aad ubadan ([Wax ka badal=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn) [Wareeji=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn)) 307374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] |list7= *[[460 (tiro)|460]] *'''[[461 (tiro)|461]]''' *[[462 (tiro)|462]] *'''[[463 (tiro)|463]] *[[464 (tiro)|464]] *[[465 (tiro)|465]] *[[466 (tiro)|466]] *'''[[467 (tiro)|467]]''' *[[468 (tiro)|468]] *[[469 (tiro)|469]] |list8= *[[470 (tiro)|470]] *[[471 (tiro)|471]] *[[472 (tiro)|472]] *[[473 (tiro)|473]] *[[474 (tiro)|474]] *[[475 (tiro)|475]] *[[476 (tiro)|476]] *[[477 (tiro)|477]] *[[478 (tiro)|478]] *'''[[479 (tiro)|479]]''' |list9= *[[480 (tiro)|480]] *[[481 (tiro)|481]] *[[482 (tiro)|482]] *[[483 (tiro)|483]] *[[484 (tiro)|484]] *[[485 (tiro)|485]] *[[486 (tiro)|486]] *'''[[487 (tiro)|487]]''' *[[488 (tiro)|488]] *[[489 (tiro)|489]] |list10= *[[490 (tiro)|490]] *'''[[491 (tiro)|491]]''' *[[492 (tiro)|492]] *[[493 (tiro)|493]] *[[494 (tiro)|494]] *[[495 (tiro)|495]] *[[496 (tiro)|496]] *[[497 (tiro)|497]] *[[498 (tiro)|498]] *'''[[499 (tiro)|499]]''' }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[500 (tiro)|500]] *[[501 (tiro)|501]] *[[502 (tiro)|502]] *'''[[503 (tiro)|503]]''' *[[504 (tiro)|504]] *[[505 (tiro)|505]] *[[506 (tiro)|506]] *[[507 (tiro)|507]] *[[508 (tiro)|508]] *'''[[509 (tiro)|509]]''' |list2= *[[510 (tiro)|510]] *[[511 (tiro)|511]] *[[512 (tiro)|512]] *[[513 (tiro)|513]] *[[514 (tiro)|514]] *[[515 (tiro)|515]] *[[516 (tiro)|516]] *[[517 (tiro)|517]] *[[518 (tiro)|518]] *[[519 (tiro)|519]] |list3= *[[520 (tiro)|520]] *'''[[521 (tiro)|521]]''' *[[522 (tiro)|522]] *'''[[523 (tiro)|523]]''' *[[524 (tiro)|524]] *[[525 (tiro)|525]] *[[526 (tiro)|526]] *[[527 (tiro)|527]] *[[528 (tiro)|528]] *[[529 (tiro)|529]] |list4= *[[530 (tiro)|530]] *[[531 (tiro)|531]] *[[532 (tiro)|532]] *[[533 (tiro)|533]] *[[534 (tiro)|534]] *[[535 (tiro)|535]] *[[536 (tiro)|536]] *[[537 (tiro)|537]] *[[538 (tiro)|538]] *[[539 (tiro)|539]] |list5= *[[540 (tiro)|540]] *'''[[541 (tiro)|541]]''' *[[542 (tiro)|542]] *[[543 (tiro)|543]] *[[544 (tiro)|544]] *[[545 (tiro)|545]] *[[546 (tiro)|546]] *'''[[547 (tiro)|547]]''' *[[548 (tiro)|548]] *[[549 (tiro)|549]] |list6= *[[550 (tiro)|550]] *[[551 (tiro)|551]] *[[552 (tiro)|552]] *[[553 (tiro)|553]] *[[554 (tiro)|554]] *[[555 (tiro)|555]] *[[556 (tiro)|556]] *'''[[557 (tiro)|557]]''' *[[558 (tiro)|558]] *[[559 (tiro)|559]] |list7= *[[560 (tiro)|560]] *[[561 (tiro)|561]] *[[562 (tiro)|562]] *'''[[563 (tiro)|563]]''' *[[564 (tiro)|564]] *[[565 (tiro)|565]] *[[566 (tiro)|566]] *[[567 (tiro)|567]] *[[568 (tiro)|568]] *'''[[569 (tiro)|569]]''' |list8= *[[570 (tiro)|570]] *'''[[571 (tiro)|571]]''' *[[572 (tiro)|572]] *[[573 (tiro)|573]] *[[574 (tiro)|574]] *[[575 (tiro)|575]] *[[576 (tiro)|576]] *'''[[577 (tiro)|577]]''' *[[578 (tiro)|578]] *[[579 (tiro)|579]] |list9= *[[580 (tiro)|580]] *[[581 (tiro)|581]] *[[582 (tiro)|582]] *[[583 (tiro)|583]] *[[584 (tiro)|584]] *[[585 (tiro)|585]] *[[586 (tiro)|586]] *'''[[587 (tiro)|587]]''' *[[588 (tiro)|588]] *[[589 (tiro)|589]] |list10= *[[590 (tiro)|590]] *[[591 (tiro)|591]] *[[592 (tiro)|592]] *'''[[593 (tiro)|593]] *[[594 (tiro)|594]] *[[595 (tiro)|595]] *[[596 (tiro)|596]] *[[597 (tiro)|597]] *[[598 (tiro)|598]] *'''[[599 (tiro)|599]]''' }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[600 (tiro)|600]] *'''[[601 (tiro)|601]] *[[602 (tiro)|602]] *[[603 (tiro)|603]] *[[604 (tiro)|604]] *[[605 (tiro)|605]] *[[606 (tiro)|606]] *'''[[607 (tiro)|607]]''' *[[608 (tiro)|608]] *[[609 (tiro)|609]] |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list11={{Navbox|child |title=[[1000 (tiro)|1000]] |state={{if|eq| {{{1|}}}|10|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> jpdece9u37ksuvrno6sueoh3xdji6pe 0 17473 307440 253478 2026-09-07T20:52:22Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307440 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan Besbaaska Shiidan. Bogag kale fiiri [[Basbaas]]. [[File:Chili_pepper_01.JPG|thumb|Shigni case]] [[File:Sweet chilli sauce.jpg|thumb|Shigniga]] '''Shigni''' waa [[basbaas]] shiidan (ridqan) oo lagu darsado [[cunto|cuntada]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/can-serve-sweet-chili-sauce-41227.html|title = "What Can I Serve With Sweet Chili Sauce?", www.GlobalPost.com|accessdate = May 4, 2014|ciwaan = Nuqul Archive|archive-date = Bisha Shanaad 5, 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140505081434/http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/can-serve-sweet-chili-sauce-41227.html|dead-url = yes}}</ref> Shigniga ama basbaaska shiidan waxaa laga isticmaalaa dhamaan dunida, in kastoo lagu kala duwan yahay qaabka loo sameeyo. Tusaale ahaan, dadka [[Soomaalida]] ah waxay inta badan ka sameeyaan [[basbaas]], [[basal]], [[tamaandho]], [[liin dhanaan]] iyo mararka qaar oo lagu daro [[toon]]. Wadanada [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Yurub]] waxaa caan ka ah ''"Shigniga Macaan"'' kaasi oo ah iskudarka basbaas, basal iyo geedo kale oo macaaneeya. Guud ahaan, shigniga waxaa loo isticmaalaa in uu cuntada dhadhan fiican u sameeyo, wuxuuna ka kooban yahay in ka badan 50% basbaas. =Khudaarta= Khudaarta maalin walba [[dad]]ku isticmaalaan waxaa ka mid ah kuwo la kariyo iyo kuwo bisil oo sideeda lagu cuno. Isku soo wada duub hoos waxaad ku arki qaar ka mid ah guud ahaan khudaarta. <br clear="all" /> {| id="toc" style="margin: 0;background:#ffffff;" width="100%" align="center" ! align="left" style="background:#ccccff;" width="200" align="center" |Khudaar ! align="right" rowspan="1" width="5%"| [[File:Watermelons.jpg|60px|]] |- ! align="left" style="background:#8DB600;" width="200" align="center" | Khudaarta Bisil (fruit) |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 130%" | [[Babaay]] {{·}} [[besbaas]]ka {{·}} [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] {{·}} [[saladh]]ka {{·}} [[toon]]ta {{·}} [[kaaroot]]ka {{·}} [[Liin Macaan]] {{·}} [[Liin Dhanaan]] {{·}} [[Liin Bambeelmo]] {{·}} [[Liin Qarboosh]] {{·}} [[Tufaax]] {{·}} [[Muus]] {{·}} [[Cambe]] {{·}} [[Canab]]ka {{·}} [[Qare]] {{·}} |- ! align="left" style="background:#00FF7F;" width="200" align="center" | Khudaarta Ceyriin (vegetable) |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 130%" | [[Barandhe]] {{·}} [[Basal]] {{·}} [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] {{·}} [[toon]]ta {{·}} [[Dabocase]] {{·}} |} =Qoraal kale= *[http://sweetchillisauce.com/scs.html Dhadhanka iyo samayska Shigniga] {{Wayback|url=http://sweetchillisauce.com/scs.html |date=20221204124839 }} =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Khudaar]] [[Category:Noole]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Baayooloji]] [[Category:Xoolo]] [[Category:Xayawaan]] [[Category:Saynis]] [[Category:Geed]] [[Category:Cunto]] n97ucegot6uoi10swb08ds4s3x0crpo 10 17474 307423 262675 2026-09-07T20:28:47Z Soalt 39618 tamaandho lagu baddalay yaanyo 307423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Cunto | title = [[Cunto|Cuntada]] | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|}}} | above = [[Dhir|Dhirta La Cuno]] • [[Raashin|Noocyada Cuntada]] | image = [[File:Good_Food_Display_-_NCI_Visuals_Online.jpg|128px|Cunto]] | group1 = Dhirta la cuno | list1 = *[[Galley]] *[[Bariis]] *[[Heed]] *[[Garow]] *[[Qamadi]] *[[Digir]] *[[Faasuliyad]] *[[Misir]] *[[Timir]] *[[Masago]] *[[Sareen]] *[[Hadhuudh]] *[[Shunburo]] *[[Xasiid]] *[[Arabakhi]] | group2 = Khudaar | abbr2 = Khudaar | list2 = *[[Babaay]] *[[Besbaas]] *[[Yaanyo]] *[[Saladh]] *[[Barandhe]] *[[Basal]] *[[Cananaas]] *[[avacado|Afakadho]] *[[Liin Macaan]] *[[Liin Dhanaan]] *[[Liin Bambeelmo]] *[[Liin Qarboosh]] *[[Liin Baydarin]] *[[Cambe babaay]] *[[Cambe]] *[[Canab]] *[[Dabacase]] *[[Dube]] *[[Muus]] *[[Saytuun]] *[[Kaabaj]] *[[Loos]] *[[Kaaroot]] *[[Rumaan]] *[[Toon]] *[[Sonkor qadi]] *[[Sabiib]] *[[Kamsar]] *[[Qare]] *[[yuruqcadde]] *[[Tufaax]] | group3 = Cunto iyo Cabitan | list3 = *[[Bariis]] *[[Baasto]] *[[Makarone]] *[[Maraq]] *[[Sukhaar]] *[[Waslad]] *[[Xaniid]] *[[Rooti]] *[[Shigni]] *[[Canjeero]] *[[Canbuulo]] *[[Hilib]] *[[Digaag|Hilib Digaag]] *[[Kaluun]] *[[Suugo]] *[[Yoghurt]] *[[Jabaati]] *[[Muufo]] *[[Sabaayad]] *[[Shuuro]] *[[Salool]] *[[Bur]] *[[Sanbuuse]] *[[Fuul]] *[[Qassab]] | group4 = La Xidhiidha | list4 = *[[Qado]] *[[Quraac]] *[[Casho]] *[[Cuwaaf]] *[[Cusbo]] *[[Saliid]] *[[Saliid Macsar]] *[[Biyo]] *[[Subag]] *[[Shaah]] *[[Bun]] *[[Sonkor]] *[[Caano]] *[[Malab]] *[[Daqiiq]] *[[Xawaash]] *[[Cunto Soomaali]] *[[xalwo]] *[[laxoox]] *[[canbuulo]] *[[qureebaad]] | below = [[File:Foodlogo2.svg|25px]] [[Portal:Cunto|Bortalka Cuntada]]{{•}} {{icon|category}} [[:Category:Cunto|Category]]{{•}} {{icon|commons}} [[commons:Category:Cunto|Commons]]{{•}} [[File:People icon.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan|wikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> qwm6xj17qarx2jx3pcb1dy5mgsfwa85 307429 307423 2026-09-07T20:43:52Z Soalt 39618 muus lagu baddalay moos 307429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Cunto | title = [[Cunto|Cuntada]] | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|}}} | above = [[Dhir|Dhirta La Cuno]] • [[Raashin|Noocyada Cuntada]] | image = [[File:Good_Food_Display_-_NCI_Visuals_Online.jpg|128px|Cunto]] | group1 = Dhirta la cuno | list1 = *[[Galley]] *[[Bariis]] *[[Heed]] *[[Garow]] *[[Qamadi]] *[[Digir]] *[[Faasuliyad]] *[[Misir]] *[[Timir]] *[[Masago]] *[[Sareen]] *[[Hadhuudh]] *[[Shunburo]] *[[Xasiid]] *[[Arabakhi]] | group2 = Khudaar | abbr2 = Khudaar | list2 = *[[Babaay]] *[[Besbaas]] *[[Yaanyo]] *[[Saladh]] *[[Barandhe]] *[[Basal]] *[[Cananaas]] *[[avacado|Afakadho]] *[[Liin Macaan]] *[[Liin Dhanaan]] *[[Liin Bambeelmo]] *[[Liin Qarboosh]] *[[Liin Baydarin]] *[[Cambe babaay]] *[[Cambe]] *[[Canab]] *[[Dabacase]] *[[Dube]] *[[Moos]] *[[Saytuun]] *[[Kaabaj]] *[[Loos]] *[[Kaaroot]] *[[Rumaan]] *[[Toon]] *[[Sonkor qadi]] *[[Sabiib]] *[[Kamsar]] *[[Qare]] *[[yuruqcadde]] *[[Tufaax]] | group3 = Cunto iyo Cabitan | list3 = *[[Bariis]] *[[Baasto]] *[[Makarone]] *[[Maraq]] *[[Sukhaar]] *[[Waslad]] *[[Xaniid]] *[[Rooti]] *[[Shigni]] *[[Canjeero]] *[[Canbuulo]] *[[Hilib]] *[[Digaag|Hilib Digaag]] *[[Kaluun]] *[[Suugo]] *[[Yoghurt]] *[[Jabaati]] *[[Muufo]] *[[Sabaayad]] *[[Shuuro]] *[[Salool]] *[[Bur]] *[[Sanbuuse]] *[[Fuul]] *[[Qassab]] | group4 = La Xidhiidha | list4 = *[[Qado]] *[[Quraac]] *[[Casho]] *[[Cuwaaf]] *[[Cusbo]] *[[Saliid]] *[[Saliid Macsar]] *[[Biyo]] *[[Subag]] *[[Shaah]] *[[Bun]] *[[Sonkor]] *[[Caano]] *[[Malab]] *[[Daqiiq]] *[[Xawaash]] *[[Cunto Soomaali]] *[[xalwo]] *[[laxoox]] *[[canbuulo]] *[[qureebaad]] | below = [[File:Foodlogo2.svg|25px]] [[Portal:Cunto|Bortalka Cuntada]]{{•}} {{icon|category}} [[:Category:Cunto|Category]]{{•}} {{icon|commons}} [[commons:Category:Cunto|Commons]]{{•}} [[File:People icon.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan|wikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> qtygdln1uagw693q0eytb2ilcnxxu8e 307435 307429 2026-09-07T20:48:46Z Soalt 39618 makarone lagu beddelay makaroone 307435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Cunto | title = [[Cunto|Cuntada]] | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|}}} | above = [[Dhir|Dhirta La Cuno]] • [[Raashin|Noocyada Cuntada]] | image = [[File:Good_Food_Display_-_NCI_Visuals_Online.jpg|128px|Cunto]] | group1 = Dhirta la cuno | list1 = *[[Galley]] *[[Bariis]] *[[Heed]] *[[Garow]] *[[Qamadi]] *[[Digir]] *[[Faasuliyad]] *[[Misir]] *[[Timir]] *[[Masago]] *[[Sareen]] *[[Hadhuudh]] *[[Shunburo]] *[[Xasiid]] *[[Arabakhi]] | group2 = Khudaar | abbr2 = Khudaar | list2 = *[[Babaay]] *[[Besbaas]] *[[Yaanyo]] *[[Saladh]] *[[Barandhe]] *[[Basal]] *[[Cananaas]] *[[avacado|Afakadho]] *[[Liin Macaan]] *[[Liin Dhanaan]] *[[Liin Bambeelmo]] *[[Liin Qarboosh]] *[[Liin Baydarin]] *[[Cambe babaay]] *[[Cambe]] *[[Canab]] *[[Dabacase]] *[[Dube]] *[[Moos]] *[[Saytuun]] *[[Kaabaj]] *[[Loos]] *[[Kaaroot]] *[[Rumaan]] *[[Toon]] *[[Sonkor qadi]] *[[Sabiib]] *[[Kamsar]] *[[Qare]] *[[yuruqcadde]] *[[Tufaax]] | group3 = Cunto iyo Cabitan | list3 = *[[Bariis]] *[[Baasto]] *[[Makaroone]] *[[Maraq]] *[[Sukhaar]] *[[Waslad]] *[[Xaniid]] *[[Rooti]] *[[Shigni]] *[[Canjeero]] *[[Canbuulo]] *[[Hilib]] *[[Digaag|Hilib Digaag]] *[[Kaluun]] *[[Suugo]] *[[Yoghurt]] *[[Jabaati]] *[[Muufo]] *[[Sabaayad]] *[[Shuuro]] *[[Salool]] *[[Bur]] *[[Sanbuuse]] *[[Fuul]] *[[Qassab]] | group4 = La Xidhiidha | list4 = *[[Qado]] *[[Quraac]] *[[Casho]] *[[Cuwaaf]] *[[Cusbo]] *[[Saliid]] *[[Saliid Macsar]] *[[Biyo]] *[[Subag]] *[[Shaah]] *[[Bun]] *[[Sonkor]] *[[Caano]] *[[Malab]] *[[Daqiiq]] *[[Xawaash]] *[[Cunto Soomaali]] *[[xalwo]] *[[laxoox]] *[[canbuulo]] *[[qureebaad]] | below = [[File:Foodlogo2.svg|25px]] [[Portal:Cunto|Bortalka Cuntada]]{{•}} {{icon|category}} [[:Category:Cunto|Category]]{{•}} {{icon|commons}} [[commons:Category:Cunto|Commons]]{{•}} [[File:People icon.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan|wikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> lpv2h0lmfiqt7wricfo90yxsos1k9sc 307443 307435 2026-09-07T21:02:14Z Soalt 39618 ku daray malawax 307443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Cunto | title = [[Cunto|Cuntada]] | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|}}} | above = [[Dhir|Dhirta La Cuno]] • [[Raashin|Noocyada Cuntada]] | image = [[File:Good_Food_Display_-_NCI_Visuals_Online.jpg|128px|Cunto]] | group1 = Dhirta la cuno | list1 = *[[Galley]] *[[Bariis]] *[[Heed]] *[[Garow]] *[[Qamadi]] *[[Digir]] *[[Faasuliyad]] *[[Misir]] *[[Timir]] *[[Masago]] *[[Sareen]] *[[Hadhuudh]] *[[Shunburo]] *[[Xasiid]] *[[Arabakhi]] | group2 = Khudaar | abbr2 = Khudaar | list2 = *[[Babaay]] *[[Besbaas]] *[[Yaanyo]] *[[Saladh]] *[[Barandhe]] *[[Basal]] *[[Cananaas]] *[[avacado|Afakadho]] *[[Liin Macaan]] *[[Liin Dhanaan]] *[[Liin Bambeelmo]] *[[Liin Qarboosh]] *[[Liin Baydarin]] *[[Cambe babaay]] *[[Cambe]] *[[Canab]] *[[Dabacase]] *[[Dube]] *[[Moos]] *[[Saytuun]] *[[Kaabaj]] *[[Loos]] *[[Kaaroot]] *[[Rumaan]] *[[Toon]] *[[Sonkor qadi]] *[[Sabiib]] *[[Kamsar]] *[[Qare]] *[[yuruqcadde]] *[[Tufaax]] | group3 = Cunto iyo Cabitan | list3 = *[[Bariis]] *[[Baasto]] *[[Makaroone]] *[[Maraq]] *[[Sukhaar]] *[[Waslad]] *[[Xaniid]] *[[Rooti]] *[[Shigni]] *[[Canjeero]] *[[Canbuulo]] *[[Hilib]] *[[Digaag|Hilib Digaag]] *[[Kaluun]] *[[Suugo]] *[[Yoghurt]] *[[Jabaati]] *[[Malawax]] *[[Muufo]] *[[Sabaayad]] *[[Shuuro]] *[[Salool]] *[[Bur]] *[[Sanbuuse]] *[[Fuul]] *[[Qassab]] | group4 = La Xidhiidha | list4 = *[[Qado]] *[[Quraac]] *[[Casho]] *[[Cuwaaf]] *[[Cusbo]] *[[Saliid]] *[[Saliid Macsar]] *[[Biyo]] *[[Subag]] *[[Shaah]] *[[Bun]] *[[Sonkor]] *[[Caano]] *[[Malab]] *[[Daqiiq]] *[[Xawaash]] *[[Cunto Soomaali]] *[[xalwo]] *[[laxoox]] *[[canbuulo]] *[[qureebaad]] | below = [[File:Foodlogo2.svg|25px]] [[Portal:Cunto|Bortalka Cuntada]]{{•}} {{icon|category}} [[:Category:Cunto|Category]]{{•}} {{icon|commons}} [[commons:Category:Cunto|Commons]]{{•}} [[File:People icon.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan|wikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 8oa408ytmp7b4yhpb7v4atcuawqupwt 307447 307443 2026-09-07T21:21:03Z Soalt 39618 shuuro lagu beddalay soor 307447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Cunto | title = [[Cunto|Cuntada]] | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|}}} | above = [[Dhir|Dhirta La Cuno]] • [[Raashin|Noocyada Cuntada]] | image = [[File:Good_Food_Display_-_NCI_Visuals_Online.jpg|128px|Cunto]] | group1 = Dhirta la cuno | list1 = *[[Galley]] *[[Bariis]] *[[Heed]] *[[Garow]] *[[Qamadi]] *[[Digir]] *[[Faasuliyad]] *[[Misir]] *[[Timir]] *[[Masago]] *[[Sareen]] *[[Hadhuudh]] *[[Shunburo]] *[[Xasiid]] *[[Arabakhi]] | group2 = Khudaar | abbr2 = Khudaar | list2 = *[[Babaay]] *[[Besbaas]] *[[Yaanyo]] *[[Saladh]] *[[Barandhe]] *[[Basal]] *[[Cananaas]] *[[avacado|Afakadho]] *[[Liin Macaan]] *[[Liin Dhanaan]] *[[Liin Bambeelmo]] *[[Liin Qarboosh]] *[[Liin Baydarin]] *[[Cambe babaay]] *[[Cambe]] *[[Canab]] *[[Dabacase]] *[[Dube]] *[[Moos]] *[[Saytuun]] *[[Kaabaj]] *[[Loos]] *[[Kaaroot]] *[[Rumaan]] *[[Toon]] *[[Sonkor qadi]] *[[Sabiib]] *[[Kamsar]] *[[Qare]] *[[yuruqcadde]] *[[Tufaax]] | group3 = Cunto iyo Cabitan | list3 = *[[Bariis]] *[[Baasto]] *[[Makaroone]] *[[Maraq]] *[[Sukhaar]] *[[Waslad]] *[[Xaniid]] *[[Rooti]] *[[Shigni]] *[[Canjeero]] *[[Canbuulo]] *[[Hilib]] *[[Digaag|Hilib Digaag]] *[[Kaluun]] *[[Suugo]] *[[Yoghurt]] *[[Jabaati]] *[[Malawax]] *[[Muufo]] *[[Sabaayad]] *[[Soor]] *[[Salool]] *[[Bur]] *[[Sanbuuse]] *[[Fuul]] *[[Qassab]] | group4 = La Xidhiidha | list4 = *[[Qado]] *[[Quraac]] *[[Casho]] *[[Cuwaaf]] *[[Cusbo]] *[[Saliid]] *[[Saliid Macsar]] *[[Biyo]] *[[Subag]] *[[Shaah]] *[[Bun]] *[[Sonkor]] *[[Caano]] *[[Malab]] *[[Daqiiq]] *[[Xawaash]] *[[Cunto Soomaali]] *[[xalwo]] *[[laxoox]] *[[canbuulo]] *[[qureebaad]] | below = [[File:Foodlogo2.svg|25px]] [[Portal:Cunto|Bortalka Cuntada]]{{•}} {{icon|category}} [[:Category:Cunto|Category]]{{•}} {{icon|commons}} [[commons:Category:Cunto|Commons]]{{•}} [[File:People icon.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan|wikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 8yv00771sqmd9jsgngc2dfrroibahg1 307451 307447 2026-09-07T21:34:15Z Soalt 39618 salool lagu beddalay daango 307451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Cunto | title = [[Cunto|Cuntada]] | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|}}} | above = [[Dhir|Dhirta La Cuno]] • [[Raashin|Noocyada Cuntada]] | image = [[File:Good_Food_Display_-_NCI_Visuals_Online.jpg|128px|Cunto]] | group1 = Dhirta la cuno | list1 = *[[Galley]] *[[Bariis]] *[[Heed]] *[[Garow]] *[[Qamadi]] *[[Digir]] *[[Faasuliyad]] *[[Misir]] *[[Timir]] *[[Masago]] *[[Sareen]] *[[Hadhuudh]] *[[Shunburo]] *[[Xasiid]] *[[Arabakhi]] | group2 = Khudaar | abbr2 = Khudaar | list2 = *[[Babaay]] *[[Besbaas]] *[[Yaanyo]] *[[Saladh]] *[[Barandhe]] *[[Basal]] *[[Cananaas]] *[[avacado|Afakadho]] *[[Liin Macaan]] *[[Liin Dhanaan]] *[[Liin Bambeelmo]] *[[Liin Qarboosh]] *[[Liin Baydarin]] *[[Cambe babaay]] *[[Cambe]] *[[Canab]] *[[Dabacase]] *[[Dube]] *[[Moos]] *[[Saytuun]] *[[Kaabaj]] *[[Loos]] *[[Kaaroot]] *[[Rumaan]] *[[Toon]] *[[Sonkor qadi]] *[[Sabiib]] *[[Kamsar]] *[[Qare]] *[[yuruqcadde]] *[[Tufaax]] | group3 = Cunto iyo Cabitan | list3 = *[[Bariis]] *[[Baasto]] *[[Makaroone]] *[[Maraq]] *[[Sukhaar]] *[[Waslad]] *[[Xaniid]] *[[Rooti]] *[[Shigni]] *[[Canjeero]] *[[Canbuulo]] *[[Hilib]] *[[Digaag|Hilib Digaag]] *[[Kaluun]] *[[Suugo]] *[[Yoghurt]] *[[Jabaati]] *[[Malawax]] *[[Muufo]] *[[Sabaayad]] *[[Soor]] *[[Daango]] *[[Bur]] *[[Sanbuuse]] *[[Fuul]] *[[Qassab]] | group4 = La Xidhiidha | list4 = *[[Qado]] *[[Quraac]] *[[Casho]] *[[Cuwaaf]] *[[Cusbo]] *[[Saliid]] *[[Saliid Macsar]] *[[Biyo]] *[[Subag]] *[[Shaah]] *[[Bun]] *[[Sonkor]] *[[Caano]] *[[Malab]] *[[Daqiiq]] *[[Xawaash]] *[[Cunto Soomaali]] *[[xalwo]] *[[laxoox]] *[[canbuulo]] *[[qureebaad]] | below = [[File:Foodlogo2.svg|25px]] [[Portal:Cunto|Bortalka Cuntada]]{{•}} {{icon|category}} [[:Category:Cunto|Category]]{{•}} {{icon|commons}} [[commons:Category:Cunto|Commons]]{{•}} [[File:People icon.svg|25px]] [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan|wikiProject Cunto iyo Cabitaan]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> mod3ejt2biaorxx52n4ntl155v2pxqq 0 17550 307436 296135 2026-09-07T20:49:17Z Soalt 39618 Soalt la wareejiyay bogga [[Faxfax (cunto)]] ilaa [[Maraq]] iyadoo la dul mariyay sii toosin 296135 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan maraqa. Haku khaldin [[suugo|suugada]]. ::''Halkan waxaa laga soo toosiyay boga "[[faxfax]]" {{Infobox beverage | name = faxfax | image = [[File:Grzybowa.jpg|650px]] | caption = Maraqa laga sameeyo khudaarta | alternate_name = | country = | region = | creator = | course = | type = Faxfax khudaar, faxfax hilib, faxfax | color = [[Dareere]] ([[biyo]], [[khudaar]], [[hilib]], [[xawaash]]) | main_ingredient = | flavor = [[macaan]], [[dhanaan]], udgoon | introduced = wakhtiyo hore | other = }} '''Faxfax''' ({{lang-en|''soup''}}; {{lang-ar|حساء}}) waa [[dareere]] ka mid ah [[cunto|cuntada]] dadka taasi oo ka samaysan [[biyo]], [[khudaar]], [[midho]], [[hilib]], [[xawaash]] iyo noocyo kale oo geedo ah. Faxfaxu waa cunto la diyaariyo, waxa sida badan laga sameeyaa iskudarka biyo, khudaar ([[barandho]], [[basal]], [[tamaandho]], [[kaabaj]], [[toon]]ta iwm), hilib (sida [[xoolo|hilibka xoolaha]], [[digaag]]a iyo [[kaluun]]ka), xawaash iyo noocyo kale oo midho iyo khudaar ah. Faxfaxa waxaa lagu kariyaa [[dheri]] ama digsi si loo helo dhadhan fiican wuxuu qaataa xoogaa wakhti ah. Sida caadiga ah, faxfaxa waxaa loo qeybiyaa labo nooc: ''faxfax fudud'' ama ''maraq fudud''; iyo ''faxfax culus'' ama ''maraq culus''. Maraqa fudud waa mid ka sameeysan biyo iyo xoogaa yar oo khudaar ah, isla markaana qaata wakhti aad u kooban. Halka maraqa culus ka sameeysan yahay hilib, khudaar badan iyo xawaash kala duwan.<ref>[http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-techniques/thickening-soups/ Thickening Soups] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-techniques/thickening-soups/ |date=20180612184518 }}. Bhg.com. Retrieved on 2 May 2013.</ref> Maraqa kaligiis waa la cabi karaa, sidoo kale waxaa lagu darsadaa cuntada. Marar badan waxaa lagu cunaa [[rooti]]da, [[canjeero]]da, [[sabaayad]]a iyo noocyada kale ee cuntada ah.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Soup vs. stew: Difference in details, Goltz Eileen, The Journal Gazette (Fort Wayne, Indiana), 9 November 2008 |url=http://www.journalgazette.net/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20081109%2FFEAT0103%2F811090311 |access-date=22 Bisha Sagaalaad 2015 |archive-date=11 Bisha Sideedaad 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811025536/http://www.journalgazette.net/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20081109%2FFEAT0103%2F811090311 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> =Muuqaalka= <gallery perrow=" " widths="150" heights="150" caption="Muuqaalada Maraqa"> File:Romanian potato soup.jpg File:Yemenite beef leg soup.jpg File:Tom Yum Soup.JPG File:Borscht with bread.jpg File:Soup shp.jpg File:Vegetable beef barley soup.jpg File:Pea-soup-with-tortilla.jpg File:Okroshka, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.jpg File:Red borscht, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.jpg </gallery> =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= {{Cunto}} =Tixraac= * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200275444 Soup] {{Reflist}} [[Category:Firiley]] [[Category:Caafimaad]] [[Category:Cunto]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Geed]] [[Category:Midho]] [[Category:Dad]] [[Category:Beeraha]] [[Category:Beer]] [[Category:Juquraafi]] {{Commons|Soup}} 5ggjjrve8v2pty9b69ri1jvnka3yugd 307438 307436 2026-09-07T20:50:39Z Soalt 39618 maraq 307438 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan maraqa. Haku khaldin [[suugo|suugada]]. ::''Halkan waxaa laga soo toosiyay boga "[[faxfax]]" {{Infobox beverage | name = faxfax | image = [[File:Grzybowa.jpg|650px]] | caption = Maraqa laga sameeyo khudaarta | alternate_name = | country = | region = | creator = | course = | type = Faxfax khudaar, faxfax hilib, faxfax | color = [[Dareere]] ([[biyo]], [[khudaar]], [[hilib]], [[xawaash]]) | main_ingredient = | flavor = [[macaan]], [[dhanaan]], udgoon | introduced = wakhtiyo hore | other = }} '''Maraq''' ama '''faxfax''' ({{lang-en|''soup''}}; {{lang-ar|حساء}}) waa [[dareere]] ka mid ah [[cunto|cuntada]] dadka taasi oo ka samaysan [[biyo]], [[khudaar]], [[midho]], [[hilib]], [[xawaash]] iyo noocyo kale oo geedo ah. Faxfaxu waa cunto la diyaariyo, waxa sida badan laga sameeyaa iskudarka biyo, khudaar ([[barandho]], [[basal]], [[tamaandho]], [[kaabaj]], [[toon]]ta iwm), hilib (sida [[xoolo|hilibka xoolaha]], [[digaag]]a iyo [[kaluun]]ka), xawaash iyo noocyo kale oo midho iyo khudaar ah. Faxfaxa waxaa lagu kariyaa [[dheri]] ama digsi si loo helo dhadhan fiican wuxuu qaataa xoogaa wakhti ah. Sida caadiga ah, maraq waxaa loo qeybiyaa labo nooc: ''faxfax fudud'' ama ''maraq fudud''; iyo ''faxfax culus'' ama ''maraq culus''. Maraqa fudud waa mid ka sameeysan biyo iyo xoogaa yar oo khudaar ah, isla markaana qaata wakhti aad u kooban. Halka maraqa culus ka sameeysan yahay hilib, khudaar badan iyo xawaash kala duwan.<ref>[http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-techniques/thickening-soups/ Thickening Soups] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-techniques/thickening-soups/ |date=20180612184518 }}. Bhg.com. Retrieved on 2 May 2013.</ref> Maraqa kaligiis waa la cabi karaa, sidoo kale waxaa lagu darsadaa cuntada. Marar badan waxaa lagu cunaa [[rooti]]da, [[canjeero]]da, [[sabaayad]]a iyo noocyada kale ee cuntada ah.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Soup vs. stew: Difference in details, Goltz Eileen, The Journal Gazette (Fort Wayne, Indiana), 9 November 2008 |url=http://www.journalgazette.net/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20081109%2FFEAT0103%2F811090311 |access-date=22 Bisha Sagaalaad 2015 |archive-date=11 Bisha Sideedaad 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811025536/http://www.journalgazette.net/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20081109%2FFEAT0103%2F811090311 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> =Muuqaalka= <gallery perrow=" " widths="150" heights="150" caption="Muuqaalada Maraqa"> File:Romanian potato soup.jpg File:Yemenite beef leg soup.jpg File:Tom Yum Soup.JPG File:Borscht with bread.jpg File:Soup shp.jpg File:Vegetable beef barley soup.jpg File:Pea-soup-with-tortilla.jpg File:Okroshka, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.jpg File:Red borscht, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.jpg </gallery> =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= {{Cunto}} =Tixraac= * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200275444 Soup] {{Reflist}} [[Category:Firiley]] [[Category:Caafimaad]] [[Category:Cunto]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Geed]] [[Category:Midho]] [[Category:Dad]] [[Category:Beeraha]] [[Category:Beer]] [[Category:Juquraafi]] {{Commons|Soup}} qyfuzj2v3iymwj2nxqrvxznbkgy82zy 0 17925 307448 220859 2026-09-07T21:27:27Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox | image = Popcorn - Studio - 2011.jpg | image_caption = Galley dubnayn | image2 = Popcorn.jpg | image2_caption = Galley la xasiiday | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | unranked_divisio = [[Dhir]] | unranked_classis = [[Geed]] | unranked_ordo = [[Firi]]leey | ordo = [[Galley]] | familia = [[Arabakhi]] | genus = ''[[Xasiid]]'' | species = '''''Dubaney''''' | subspecies = '''''Zalool''''' | trinomial = ''Salool'' }} '''Salool''' ({{lang-en|''popcorn''}}; {{lang-ar|فشار (تسالي)}}) waa nooc [[galley]] oo la dubo sidaa cunto looga dhigto. {{cunto}} ly3f7v7ciligcz8ssde17wubxic4wje 307449 307448 2026-09-07T21:30:30Z Soalt 39618 sii toosi 307449 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Daango]] a8j32zbzwmsu5qbzcb4hiogxbp2n2xx 0 18098 307432 220858 2026-09-07T20:45:55Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = Coriander or Cilantro |image =Coriandrum_sativum_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-193.jpg |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Asterids |ordo = Apiales |familia = [[Cows|Cowsley]] |genus = ''[[Firi|Firiley]]'' |species = '''''C. sativum''''' |binomial = ''Coriandrum sativum'' |binomial_authority = L. }} '''Kamsar''', '''Kabsar''' ({{lang-ar|القزبر}} ama {{lang-ar|التِّـقْـدَة}}; {{lang-en|coriander}}) (magaca [[Saynis]]ka ''Coriandrum sativum'') waa [[geed]] cawseed sanadle ah (sanadkii hal mar dhasha oo miro keena) caleentiisa raashinka ama suugada lagu carfiyo. ==Asalka iyo faafida== asalkiisu asia iyo waqoyiga africa. waxaa laga helaa wadamada kulaala bada cad waxaa lagu beeraa hindia laatin america iyo yurub.. caleemihiisa iyo mirihiisa waxaa loo adeegsada noocyo badan oo ka mid ah cuntada. badanaa wuu koraa ilaa 50cm ama 20 inch. ==Tilmaanta geedka== waa dhir sanadle ah oo aad u caraf badan caleemihiisa iyo mirihiisa waxaa loo adeegsada noocyo badan oo ka mid ah cuntada. badanaa wuu koraa ilaa 50cm ama 20 inch. ubixiisu waa acadaan, wuxuu dhalaa miro jaalle ama midabka qaxwada u eg. kamsarta waxaa lagu daraa geed uduga raashinka. == Adeegsiga == cuntada, iyo noocyo daawooyinka ka mida ah, waxaa lagu daaweeya qabsinada caloosha, calool majiirka iyo dibirada caloosha. chineseka ayaa hore u soo isticmaali jiray romatisamka iyo xanuunada caloosha, sidoo kale waxay u adegsan jireen xanuunada kaadi-haysta. == Muuqaal == <gallery> File:Coriandrum sativum 003.JPG File:Cilantro_plants.jpg </gallery> ==Noocyo Kale== {| id="toc" style="margin: 0;background:#ffffff;" width="100%" align="center" ! align="left" style="background:#ccccff;" width="200" align="center" |Khudaar ! align="right" rowspan="1" width="5%"| [[File:Watermelons.jpg|60px|]] |- ! align="left" style="background:#8DB600;" width="200" align="center" | Khudaarta Bisil (fruit) |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 130%" | [[Babaay]] {{·}} [[besbaas]]ka {{·}} [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] {{·}} [[saladh]]ka {{·}} [[toon]]ta {{·}} [[kaaroot]]ka {{·}} [[Liin Macaan]] {{·}} [[Liin Dhanaan]] {{·}} [[Liin Bambeelmo]] {{·}} [[Liin Qarboosh]] {{·}} [[Tufaax]] {{·}} [[Muus]] {{·}} [[Cambe]] {{·}} [[Canab]]ka {{·}} [[Qare]] {{·}} |- ! align="left" style="background:#00FF7F;" width="200" align="center" | Khudaarta Ceyriin (vegetable) |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 130%" | [[Barandhe]] {{·}} [[Basal]] {{·}} [[tamaandho|tamaandhada]] {{·}} [[toon]]ta {{·}} [[Dabocase]] {{·}} [[Kamsar]] |} * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200001037 Coriander] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Geed]] 0twcs369gl5bvsc9030dkf0xic6mm4r 828 18908 307381 154625 2026-09-07T18:08:56Z Isma4l 41797 307381 Scribunto text/plain local TemplatePar = { serial = "2023-03-20", suite = "TemplatePar", item = 15393417, globals = { DateTime = 20652535, FileMedia = 24765326, Multilingual = 47541920, TemplUtl = 52364930, URLutil = 10859193 } } --[=[ Template parameter utility * assert * check * count * countNotEmpty * downcase() * duplicates * match * valid * verify() * TemplatePar() * failsafe() ]=] local Local = { frame = false } local Failsafe = TemplatePar local GlobalMod = Local -- Module globals Local.messagePrefix = "lua-module-TemplatePar-" Local.L10nDef = {} Local.L10nDef.en = { badPattern = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar pattern syntax error", dupOpt = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar repeated optional parameter", dupRule = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar conflict key/pattern", empty = "Error in template * undefined value for mandatory", invalid = "Error in template * invalid parameter", invalidPar = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar invalid parameter", minmax = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar min > max", missing = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar missing library", multiSpell = "Error in template * multiple spelling of parameter", noMSGnoCAT = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar neither message nor category", noname = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar missing parameter name", notFound = "Error in template * missing page", tooLong = "Error in template * parameter too long", tooShort = "Error in template * parameter too short", unavailable = "Error in template * parameter name missing", undefined = "Error in template * mandatory parameter missing", unknown = "Error in template * unknown parameter name", unknownRule = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar unknown rule" } Local.patterns = { [ "ASCII" ] = "^[ -~]*$", [ "ASCII+" ] = "^[ -~]+$", [ "ASCII+1" ] = "^[!-~]+$", [ "n" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]*$", [ "n>0" ] = "^[0-9]*[1-9][0-9]*$", [ "N+" ] = "^[%-]?[1-9][0-9]*$", [ "N>0" ] = "^[1-9][0-9]*$", [ "x" ] = "^[0-9A-Fa-f]*$", [ "x+" ] = "^[0-9A-Fa-f]+$", [ "X" ] = "^[0-9A-F]*$", [ "X+" ] = "^[0-9A-F]+$", [ "0,0" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]*,?[0-9]*$", [ "0,0+" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]+,[0-9]+$", [ "0,0+?" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]+,?[0-9]*$", [ "0.0" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]*[%.]?[0-9]*$", [ "0.0+" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]+%.[0-9]+$", [ "0.0+?" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]+[%.]?[0-9]*$", [ ".0+" ] = "^[%-]?[0-9]*[%.]?[0-9]+$", [ "ID" ] = "^[A-Za-z]?[A-Za-z_0-9]*$", [ "ID+" ] = "^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z_0-9]*$", [ "ABC" ] = "^[A-Z]*$", [ "ABC+" ] = "^[A-Z]+$", [ "Abc" ] = "^[A-Z]*[a-z]*$", [ "Abc+" ] = "^[A-Z][a-z]+$", [ "abc" ] = "^[a-z]*$", [ "abc+" ] = "^[a-z]+$", [ "aBc+" ] = "^[a-z]+[A-Z][A-Za-z]*$", [ "w" ] = "^%S*$", [ "w+" ] = "^%S+$", [ "base64" ] = "^[A-Za-z0-9%+/]*$", [ "base64+" ] = "^[A-Za-z0-9%+/]+$", [ "aa" ] = "[%a%a].*[%a%a]", [ "pagename" ] = string.format( "^[^#<>%%[%%]|{}%c-%c%c]+$", 1, 31, 127 ), [ "ref" ] = string.format( "%c'%c`UNIQ%s%sref%s%s%sQINU`%c'%c", 127, 34, "%-", "%-", "%-", "%x+", "%-", 34, 127 ), [ "+" ] = "%S" } Local.boolean = { ["1"] = true, ["true"] = true, y = true, yes = true, on = true, ["0"] = true, ["false"] = true, ["-"] = true, n = true, no = true, off = true } Local.patternCJK = false local foreignModule = function ( access, advanced, append, alt, alert ) -- Fetch global module -- Precondition: -- access -- string, with name of base module -- advanced -- true, for require(); else mw.loadData() -- append -- string, with subpage part, if any; or false -- alt -- number, of wikidata item of root; or false -- alert -- true, for throwing error on data problem -- Postcondition: -- Returns whatever, probably table -- 2020-01-01 local storage = access local finer = function () if append then storage = string.format( "%s/%s", storage, append ) end end local fun, lucky, r, suited if advanced then fun = require else fun = mw.loadData end GlobalMod.globalModules = GlobalMod.globalModules or { } suited = GlobalMod.globalModules[ access ] if not suited then finer() lucky, r = pcall( fun, "Module:" .. storage ) end if not lucky then if not suited and type( alt ) == "number" and alt > 0 then suited = string.format( "Q%d", alt ) suited = mw.wikibase.getSitelink( suited ) GlobalMod.globalModules[ access ] = suited or true end if type( suited ) == "string" then storage = suited finer() lucky, r = pcall( fun, storage ) end if not lucky and alert then error( "Missing or invalid page: " .. storage ) end end return r end -- foreignModule() local function Foreign( access ) -- Access standardized library -- Precondition: -- access -- string, with name of base module -- Postcondition: -- Return library table, or not -- Uses: local r if Local[ access ] then r = Local[ access ] else local bib = foreignModule( access, true, false, TemplatePar.globals[ access ], false ) if type( bib ) == "table" and type( bib[ access ] ) == "function" then bib = bib[ access ]() if type( bib ) == "table" then r = bib Local[ access ] = bib end end end return r end -- Foreign() local function containsCJK( analyse ) -- Is any CJK character present? -- Precondition: -- analyse -- string -- Postcondition: -- Return false iff no CJK present -- Uses: -- >< Local.patternCJK -- mw.ustring.char() -- mw.ustring.match() local r = false if not Local.patternCJK then Local.patternCJK = mw.ustring.char( 91, 13312, 45, 40959, 131072, 45, 178207, 93 ) end if mw.ustring.match( analyse, Local.patternCJK ) then r = true end return r end -- containsCJK() local function facility( accept, attempt ) -- Check string as possible file name or other source page -- Precondition: -- accept -- string; requirement -- file -- file+ -- file: -- file:+ -- image -- image+ -- image: -- image:+ -- attempt -- string; to be tested -- Postcondition: -- Return error keyword, or false -- Uses: -- Module:FileMedia -- Foreign() -- FileMedia.isFile() -- FileMedia.isType() local r if attempt and attempt ~= "" then local FileMedia = Foreign( "FileMedia" ) if FileMedia and type( FileMedia.isFile ) == "function" and type( FileMedia.isType ) == "function" then local s, live = accept:match( "^([a-z]+)(:?)%+?$" ) if live then if FileMedia.isType( attempt, s ) then if FileMedia.isFile( attempt ) then r = false else r = "notFound" end else r = "invalid" end elseif FileMedia.isType( attempt, s ) then r = false else r = "invalid" end else r = "missing" end elseif accept:match( "%+$" ) then r = "empty" else r = false end return r end -- facility() local function factory( say ) -- Retrieve localized message string in content language -- Precondition: -- say -- string; message ID -- Postcondition: -- Return some message string -- Uses: -- > Local.messagePrefix -- > Local.L10nDef -- mw.message.new() -- mw.language.getContentLanguage() -- Module:Multilingual -- Foreign() -- TemplatePar.framing() -- Multilingual.tabData() local m = mw.message.new( Local.messagePrefix .. say ) local r = false if m:isBlank() then local c = mw.language.getContentLanguage():getCode() local l10n = Local.L10nDef[ c ] if l10n then r = l10n[ say ] else local MultiL = Foreign( "Multilingual" ) if MultiL and type( MultiL.tabData ) == "function" then local lang r, lang = MultiL.tabData( "I18n/Module:TemplatePar", say, false, TemplatePar.framing() ) end end if not r then r = Local.L10nDef.en[ say ] end else m:inLanguage( c ) r = m:plain() end if not r then r = string.format( "(((%s)))", say ) end return r end -- factory() local function faculty( accept, attempt ) -- Check string as possible boolean -- Precondition: -- accept -- string; requirement -- boolean -- boolean+ -- attempt -- string; to be tested -- Postcondition: -- Return error keyword, or false -- Uses: -- Module:TemplUtl -- Foreign() -- TemplUtl.faculty() local r r = mw.text.trim( attempt ):lower() if r == "" then if accept == "boolean+" then r = "empty" else r = false end elseif Local.boolean[ r ] or r:match( "^[01%-]+$" ) then r = false else local TemplUtl = Foreign( "TemplUtl" ) if TemplUtl and type( TemplUtl.faculty ) == "function" then r = TemplUtl.faculty( r, "-" ) if r == "-" then r = "invalid" else r = false end else r = "invalid" end end return r end -- faculty() local function failure( spec, suspect, options ) -- Submit localized error message -- Precondition: -- spec -- string; message ID -- suspect -- string or nil; additional information -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.template -- Postcondition: -- Return string -- Uses: -- factory() local r = factory( spec ) if type( options ) == "table" then if type( options.template ) == "string" then if #options.template > 0 then r = string.format( "%s (%s)", r, options.template ) end end end if suspect then r = string.format( "%s: %s", r, suspect ) end return r end -- failure() local function fair( story, scan ) -- Test for match (possibly user-defined with syntax error) -- Precondition: -- story -- string; parameter value -- scan -- string; pattern -- Postcondition: -- Return nil, if not matching, else non-nil -- Uses: -- mw.ustring.match() return mw.ustring.match( story, scan ) end -- fair() local function familiar( accept, attempt ) -- Check string as possible language name or list -- Precondition: -- accept -- string; requirement -- lang -- langs -- langW -- langsW -- lang+ -- langs+ -- langW+ -- langsW+ -- attempt -- string; to be tested -- Postcondition: -- Return error keyword, or false -- Uses: -- Module:Multilingual -- Foreign() -- Multilingual.isLang() local r if attempt and attempt ~= "" then local MultiL = Foreign( "Multilingual" ) if MultiL and type( MultiL.isLang ) == "function" then local lazy = accept:find( "W", 1, true ) if accept:find( "s", 1, true ) then local group = mw.text.split( attempt, "%s+" ) r = false for i = 1, #group do if not MultiL.isLang( group[ i ], lazy ) then r = "invalid" break -- for i end end -- for i elseif MultiL.isLang( attempt, lazy ) then r = false else r = "invalid" end else r = "missing" end elseif accept:find( "+", 1, true ) then r = "empty" else r = false end return r end -- familiar() local function far( accept, attempt ) -- Check string as possible URL -- Precondition: -- accept -- string; requirement -- url -- url+ -- attempt -- string; to be tested -- Postcondition: -- Return error keyword, or false -- Uses: -- Module:URLutil -- Foreign() -- URLutil.isWebURL() local r if attempt and attempt ~= "" then local URLutil = Foreign( "URLutil" ) if URLutil and type( URLutil.isWebURL ) == "function" then if URLutil.isWebURL( attempt ) then r = false else r = "invalid" end else r = "missing" end elseif accept:find( "+", 1, true ) then r = "empty" else r = false end return r end -- far() local function fast( accept, attempt ) -- Check string as possible date or time -- Precondition: -- accept -- string; requirement -- datetime -- datetime+ -- datetime/y -- datetime/y+ -- datetime/ym -- datetime/ym+ -- datetime/ymd -- datetime/ymd+ -- attempt -- string; to be tested -- Postcondition: -- Return error keyword, or false -- Uses: -- Module:DateTime -- Foreign() -- DateTime.DateTime() local r r = mw.text.trim( attempt ) if r == "" then if accept:find( "+", 1, true ) then r = "empty" else r = false end else local DateTime = Foreign( "DateTime" ) if type( DateTime ) == "table" then local d = DateTime( attempt ) if type( d ) == "table" then if accept:find( "/", 1, true ) then r = "invalid" if accept:sub( 1, 10 ) == "datetime/y" then if d.year then r = false if accept:sub( 1, 11 ) == "datetime/ym" then if d.month then if accept:sub( 1, 12 ) == "datetime/ymd" then if not d.dom then r = "invalid" end end else r = "invalid" end end end end else r = false end else r = "invalid" end else r = "invalid" end end return r end -- fast() local function fault( store, key ) -- Add key to collection string and insert separator -- Precondition: -- store -- string or nil or false; collection string -- key -- string or number; to be appended -- Postcondition: -- Return string; extended local r local s if type( key ) == "number" then s = tostring( key ) else s = key end if store then r = string.format( "%s; %s", store, s ) else r = s end return r end -- fault() local function feasible( analyze, options, abbr ) -- Check content of a value -- Precondition: -- analyze -- string to be analyzed -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.pattern -- options.key -- options.say -- abbr -- true: abbreviated error message -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid or no answer permitted -- Uses: -- > Local.patterns -- failure() -- mw.text.trim() -- faculty() -- fast() -- facility() -- familiar() -- far() -- fair() -- containsCJK() local r = false local s = false local show = nil local scan = false local stuff = mw.text.trim( analyze ) if type( options.pattern ) == "string" then if options.key then r = failure( "dupRule", false, options ) else scan = options.pattern end else if type( options.key ) == "string" then s = mw.text.trim( options.key ) else s = "+" end if s ~= "*" then scan = Local.patterns[ s ] end if type( scan ) == "string" then if s == "n" or s == "0,0" or s == "0.0" then if not stuff:match( "[0-9]" ) and not stuff:match( "^%s*$" ) then scan = false if options.say then show = string.format( "&quot;%s&quot;", options.say ) end if abbr then r = show else r = failure( "invalid", show, options ) end end end elseif s ~= "*" then local op, n, plus = s:match( "([<!=>]=?)([-0-9][%S]*)(+?)" ) if op then n = tonumber( n ) if n then local i = tonumber( stuff ) if i then if op == "<" then i = ( i < n ) elseif op == "<=" then i = ( i <= n ) elseif op == ">" then i = ( i > n ) elseif op == ">=" then i = ( i >= n ) elseif op == "==" then i = ( i == n ) elseif op == "!=" then i = ( i ~= n ) else n = false end end if not i then r = "invalid" end elseif plus then r = "undefined" end elseif s:match( "^boolean%+?$" ) then r = faculty( s, stuff ) n = true elseif s:match( "^datetime/?y?m?d?%+?$" ) then r = fast( s, stuff ) n = true elseif s:match( "^image%+?:?$" ) or s:match( "^file%+?:?$" ) then r = facility( s, stuff ) n = true elseif s:match( "langs?W?%+?" ) then r = familiar( s, stuff ) n = true elseif s:match( "url%+?" ) then r = far( s, stuff ) n = true end -- datetime+ -- iso8631+ -- line+ if not n and not r then r = "unknownRule" end if r then if options.say then show = string.format( "&quot;%s&quot; %s", options.say, s ) else show = s end if abbr then r = show else r = failure( r, show, options ) end end end end if scan then local legal, got = pcall( fair, stuff, scan ) if legal then if not got then if s == "aa" then got = containsCJK( stuff ) end if not got then if options.say then show = string.format( "&quot;%s&quot;", options.say ) end if abbr then r = show else r = failure( "invalid", show, options ) end end end else r = failure( "badPattern", string.format( "%s *** %s", scan, got ), options ) end end return r end -- feasible() local function fed( haystack, needle ) -- Find needle in haystack map -- Precondition: -- haystack -- table; map of key values -- needle -- any; identifier -- Postcondition: -- Return true iff found local k, v, r for k, v in pairs( haystack ) do if k == needle then r = true end end -- for k, v return r or false end -- fed() local function fetch( light, options ) -- Return regular table with all parameters -- Precondition: -- light -- true: template transclusion; false: #invoke -- options -- table; optional details -- options.low -- Postcondition: -- Return table; whitespace-only values as false -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.downcase() -- TemplatePar.framing() -- frame:getParent() local g, k, v local r = { } if options.low then g = TemplatePar.downcase( options ) else g = TemplatePar.framing() if light then g = g:getParent() end g = g.args end if type( g ) == "table" then r = { } for k, v in pairs( g ) do if type( v ) == "string" then if v:match( "^%s*$" ) then v = false end else v = false end if type( k ) == "number" then k = tostring( k ) end r[ k ] = v end -- for k, v else r = g end return r end -- fetch() local function figure( append, options ) -- Extend options by rule from #invoke strings -- Precondition: -- append -- string or nil; requested rule -- options -- table; details -- ++ .key -- ++ .pattern -- Postcondition: -- Return sequence table local r = options if type( append ) == "string" then local story = mw.text.trim( append ) local sub = story:match( "^/(.*%S)/$" ) if type( sub ) == "string" then sub = sub:gsub( "%%!", "|" ) :gsub( "%%%(%(", "{{" ) :gsub( "%%%)%)", "}}" ) :gsub( "\\n", string.char( 10 ) ) options.pattern = sub options.key = nil else options.key = story options.pattern = nil end end return r end -- figure() local function fill( specified ) -- Split requirement string separated by '=' -- Precondition: -- specified -- string or nil; requested parameter set -- Postcondition: -- Return sequence table -- Uses: -- mw.text.split() local r if specified then local i, s r = mw.text.split( specified, "%s*=%s*" ) for i = #r, 1, -1 do s = r[ i ] if #s == 0 then table.remove( r, i ) end end -- for i, -1 else r = { } end return r end -- fill() local function finalize( submit, options ) -- Finalize message -- Precondition: -- submit -- string or false or nil; non-empty error message -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.format -- options.preview -- options.cat -- options.template -- Postcondition: -- Return string or false -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.framing() -- factory() local r = false if submit then local lazy = false local learn = false local show = false local opt, s if type( options ) == "table" then opt = options show = opt.format lazy = ( show == "" or show == "0" or show == "-" ) s = opt.preview if type( s ) == "string" and s ~= "" and s ~= "0" and s ~= "-" then local sniffer = "{{REVISIONID}}" if lazy then show = "" lazy = false end if TemplatePar.framing():preprocess( sniffer ) == "" then if s == "1" then show = "*" else show = s end learn = true end end else opt = { } end if lazy then if not opt.cat then r = string.format( "%s %s", submit, factory( "noMSGnoCAT" ) ) end else r = submit end if r and not lazy then local i if not show or show == "*" then local e = mw.html.create( "span" ) :attr( "class", "error" ) :wikitext( "@@@" ) if learn then local max = 1000000000 local id = math.floor( os.clock() * max ) local sign = string.format( "error_%d", id ) local btn = mw.html.create( "span" ) local top = mw.html.create( "div" ) e:attr( "id", sign ) btn:css( { ["background"] = "#FFFF00", ["border"] = "#FF0000 3px solid", ["font-weight"] = "bold", ["padding"] = "2px", ["text-decoration"] = "none" } ) :wikitext( "&gt;&gt;&gt;" ) sign = string.format( "[[#%s|%s]]", sign, tostring( btn ) ) top:wikitext( sign, "&#160;", submit ) mw.addWarning( tostring( top ) ) end show = tostring( e ) end i = show:find( "@@@", 1, true ) if i then -- No gsub() since r might contain "%3" (e.g. URL) r = string.format( "%s%s%s", show:sub( 1, i - 1 ), r, show:sub( i + 3 ) ) else r = show end end if learn and r then -- r = fatal( r ) end s = opt.cat if type( s ) == "string" then local link if opt.errNS then local ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace local st = type( opt.errNS ) if st == "string" then local space = string.format( ".*%%s%d%%s.*", ns ) local spaces = string.format( " %s ", opt.errNS ) if spaces:match( space ) then link = true end elseif st == "table" then for i = 1, #opt.errNS do if opt.errNS[ i ] == ns then link = true break -- for i end end -- for i end else link = true end if link then local cats, i if not r then r = "" end if s:find( "@@@" ) then if type( opt.template ) == "string" then s = s:gsub( "@@@", opt.template ) end end cats = mw.text.split( s, "%s*#%s*" ) for i = 1, #cats do s = mw.text.trim( cats[ i ] ) if #s > 0 then r = string.format( "%s[[Category:%s]]", r, s ) end end -- for i end end end return r end -- finalize() local function finder( haystack, needle ) -- Find needle in haystack sequence -- Precondition: -- haystack -- table; sequence of key names, downcased if low -- needle -- any; key name -- Postcondition: -- Return true iff found local i for i = 1, #haystack do if haystack[ i ] == needle then return true end end -- for i return false end -- finder() local function fix( valid, duty, got, options ) -- Perform parameter analysis -- Precondition: -- valid -- table; unique sequence of known parameters -- duty -- table; sequence of mandatory parameters -- got -- table; sequence of current parameters -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- Postcondition: -- Return string as configured; empty if valid -- Uses: -- finder() -- fault() -- failure() -- fed() local r = false local lack for k, v in pairs( got ) do if k == "" then lack = true break -- for k, v elseif not finder( valid, k ) then r = fault( r, k ) end end -- for k, v if lack then r = failure( "unavailable", false, options ) elseif r then r = failure( "unknown", string.format( "&quot;%s&quot;", r ), options ) else -- all names valid local i, s for i = 1, #duty do s = duty[ i ] if not fed( got, s ) then r = fault( r, s ) end end -- for i if r then r = failure( "undefined", r, options ) else -- all mandatory present for i = 1, #duty do s = duty[ i ] if not got[ s ] then r = fault( r, s ) end end -- for i if r then r = failure( "empty", r, options ) end end end return r end -- fix() local function flat( collection, options ) -- Return all table elements with downcased string -- Precondition: -- collection -- table; k=v pairs -- options -- table or nil; optional messaging details -- Postcondition: -- Return table, may be empty; or string with error message. -- Uses: -- mw.ustring.lower() -- fault() -- failure() local k, v local r = { } local e = false for k, v in pairs( collection ) do if type ( k ) == "string" then k = mw.ustring.lower( k ) if r[ k ] then e = fault( e, k ) end end r[ k ] = v end -- for k, v if e then r = failure( "multiSpell", e, options ) end return r end -- flat() local function fold( options ) -- Merge two tables, create new sequence if both not empty -- Precondition: -- options -- table; details -- options.mandatory sequence to keep unchanged -- options.optional sequence to be appended -- options.low downcased expected -- Postcondition: -- Return merged table, or message string if error -- Uses: -- finder() -- fault() -- failure() -- flat() local i, e, r, s local base = options.mandatory local extend = options.optional if #base == 0 then if #extend == 0 then r = { } else r = extend end else if #extend == 0 then r = base else e = false for i = 1, #extend do s = extend[ i ] if finder( base, s ) then e = fault( e, s ) end end -- for i if e then r = failure( "dupOpt", e, options ) else r = { } for i = 1, #base do table.insert( r, base[ i ] ) end -- for i for i = 1, #extend do table.insert( r, extend[ i ] ) end -- for i end end end if options.low and type( r ) == "table" then r = flat( r, options ) end return r end -- fold() local function form( light, options, frame ) -- Run parameter analysis on current environment -- Precondition: -- light -- true: template transclusion; false: #invoke -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.mandatory -- options.optional -- frame -- object; #invoke environment, or false -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.framing() -- fold() -- fetch() -- fix() -- finalize() local duty, r if frame then TemplatePar.framing( frame ) end if type( options ) == "table" then if type( options.mandatory ) ~= "table" then options.mandatory = { } end duty = options.mandatory if type( options.optional ) ~= "table" then options.optional = { } end r = fold( options ) else options = { } duty = { } r = { } end if type( r ) == "table" then local got = fetch( light, options ) if type( got ) == "table" then r = fix( r, duty, got, options ) else r = got end end return finalize( r, options ) end -- form() local function format( analyze, options ) -- Check validity of a value -- Precondition: -- analyze -- string to be analyzed -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.say -- options.min -- options.max -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid or no answer permitted -- Uses: -- feasible() -- failure() local r = feasible( analyze, options, false ) local show if options.min and not r then if type( options.min ) == "number" then if type( options.max ) == "number" then if options.max < options.min then r = failure( "minmax", string.format( "%d > %d", options.min, options.max ), options ) end end if #analyze < options.min and not r then show = " <" .. options.min if options.say then show = string.format( "%s &quot;%s&quot;", show, options.say ) end r = failure( "tooShort", show, options ) end else r = failure( "invalidPar", "min", options ) end end if options.max and not r then if type( options.max ) == "number" then if #analyze > options.max then show = " >" .. options.max if options.say then show = string.format( "%s &quot;%s&quot;", show, options.say ) end r = failure( "tooLong", show, options ) end else r = failure( "invalidPar", "max", options ) end end return r end -- format() local function formatted( assignment, access, options ) -- Check validity of one particular parameter in a collection -- Precondition: -- assignment -- collection -- access -- id of parameter in collection -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid or no answer permitted -- Uses: -- mw.text.trim() -- format() -- failure() local r = false if type( assignment ) == "table" then local story = assignment.args[ access ] or "" if type( access ) == "number" then story = mw.text.trim( story ) end if type( options ) ~= "table" then options = { } end options.say = access r = format( story, options ) end return r end -- formatted() local function furnish( frame, action ) -- Prepare #invoke evaluation of .assert() or .valid() -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment -- action -- "assert" or "valid" -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message or "" -- Uses: -- form() -- failure() -- finalize() -- TemplatePar.valid() -- TemplatePar.assert() local options = { mandatory = { "1" }, optional = { "2", "cat", "errNS", "low", "max", "min", "format", "preview", "template" }, template = string.format( "&#35;invoke:%s|%s|", "TemplatePar", action ) } local r = form( false, options, frame ) if not r then local s options = { cat = frame.args.cat, errNS = frame.args.errNS, low = frame.args.low, format = frame.args.format, preview = frame.args.preview, template = frame.args.template } options = figure( frame.args[ 2 ], options ) if type( frame.args.min ) == "string" then s = frame.args.min:match( "^%s*([0-9]+)%s*$" ) if s then options.min = tonumber( s ) else r = failure( "invalidPar", "min=" .. frame.args.min, options ) end end if type( frame.args.max ) == "string" then s = frame.args.max:match( "^%s*([1-9][0-9]*)%s*$" ) if s then options.max = tonumber( s ) else r = failure( "invalidPar", "max=" .. frame.args.max, options ) end end if r then r = finalize( r, options ) else s = frame.args[ 1 ] or "" r = tonumber( s ) if ( r ) then s = r end if action == "valid" then r = TemplatePar.valid( s, options ) elseif action == "assert" then r = TemplatePar.assert( s, "", options ) end end end return r or "" end -- furnish() TemplatePar.assert = function ( analyze, append, options ) -- Perform parameter analysis on a single string -- Precondition: -- analyze -- string to be analyzed -- append -- string: append error message, prepending <br /> -- false or nil: throw error with message -- options -- table; optional details -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid -- Uses: -- format() local r = format( analyze, options ) if ( r ) then if ( type( append ) == "string" ) then if ( append ~= "" ) then r = string.format( "%s<br /> %s", append, r ) end else error( r, 0 ) end end return r end -- TemplatePar.assert() TemplatePar.check = function ( options ) -- Run parameter analysis on current template environment -- Precondition: -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- options.mandatory -- options.optional -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid -- Uses: -- form() return form( true, options, false ) end -- TemplatePar.check() TemplatePar.count = function () -- Return number of template parameters -- Postcondition: -- Return number, starting at 0 -- Uses: -- mw.getCurrentFrame() -- frame:getParent() local k, v local r = 0 local t = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent() local o = t.args for k, v in pairs( o ) do r = r + 1 end -- for k, v return r end -- TemplatePar.count() TemplatePar.countNotEmpty = function () -- Return number of template parameters with more than whitespace -- Postcondition: -- Return number, starting at 0 -- Uses: -- mw.getCurrentFrame() -- frame:getParent() local k, v local r = 0 local t = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent() local o = t.args for k, v in pairs( o ) do if not v:match( "^%s*$" ) then r = r + 1 end end -- for k, v return r end -- TemplatePar.countNotEmpty() TemplatePar.downcase = function ( options ) -- Return all template parameters with downcased name -- Precondition: -- options -- table or nil; optional messaging details -- Postcondition: -- Return table, may be empty; or string with error message. -- Uses: -- mw.getCurrentFrame() -- frame:getParent() -- flat() local t = mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent() return flat( t.args, options ) end -- TemplatePar.downcase() TemplatePar.valid = function ( access, options ) -- Check validity of one particular template parameter -- Precondition: -- access -- id of parameter in template transclusion -- string or number -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid or no answer permitted -- Uses: -- mw.text.trim() -- TemplatePar.downcase() -- TemplatePar.framing() -- frame:getParent() -- formatted() -- failure() -- finalize() local r = type( access ) if r == "string" then r = mw.text.trim( access ) if #r == 0 then r = false end elseif r == "number" then r = access else r = false end if r then local params if type( options ) ~= "table" then options = { } end if options.low then params = TemplatePar.downcase( options ) else params = TemplatePar.framing():getParent() end r = formatted( params, access, options ) else r = failure( "noname", false, options ) end return finalize( r, options ) end -- TemplatePar.valid() TemplatePar.verify = function ( options ) -- Perform #invoke parameter analysis -- Precondition: -- options -- table or nil; optional details -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message as configured; -- false if valid -- Uses: -- form() return form( false, options, false ) end -- TemplatePar.verify() TemplatePar.framing = function( frame ) -- Ensure availability of frame object -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment, or false -- Postcondition: -- Return frame object -- Uses: -- >< Local.frame if not Local.frame then if type( frame ) == "table" and type( frame.args ) == "table" and type( frame.getParent ) == "function" and type( frame:getParent() ) == "table" and type( frame:getParent().getParent ) == "function" and type( frame:getParent():getParent() ) == "nil" then Local.frame = frame else Local.frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() end end return Local.frame end -- TemplatePar.framing() Failsafe.failsafe = function ( atleast ) -- Retrieve versioning and check for compliance -- Precondition: -- atleast -- string, with required version -- or wikidata|item|~|@ or false -- Postcondition: -- Returns string -- with queried version/item, also if problem -- false -- if appropriate -- 2020-08-17 local since = atleast local last = ( since == "~" ) local linked = ( since == "@" ) local link = ( since == "item" ) local r if last or link or linked or since == "wikidata" then local item = Failsafe.item since = false if type( item ) == "number" and item > 0 then local suited = string.format( "Q%d", item ) if link then r = suited else local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity( suited ) if type( entity ) == "table" then local seek = Failsafe.serialProperty or "P348" local vsn = entity:formatPropertyValues( seek ) if type( vsn ) == "table" and type( vsn.value ) == "string" and vsn.value ~= "" then if last and vsn.value == Failsafe.serial then r = false elseif linked then if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText == mw.wikibase.getSitelink( suited ) then r = false else r = suited end else r = vsn.value end end end end end end if type( r ) == "nil" then if not since or since <= Failsafe.serial then r = Failsafe.serial else r = false end end return r end -- Failsafe.failsafe() -- Provide external access local p = {} function p.assert( frame ) -- Perform parameter analysis on some single string -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message or "" -- Uses: -- furnish() return furnish( frame, "assert" ) end -- p.assert() function p.check( frame ) -- Check validity of template parameters -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message or "" -- Uses: -- form() -- fill() local options = { optional = { "all", "opt", "cat", "errNS", "low", "format", "preview", "template" }, template = "&#35;invoke:TemplatePar|check|" } local r = form( false, options, frame ) if not r then options = { mandatory = fill( frame.args.all ), optional = fill( frame.args.opt ), cat = frame.args.cat, errNS = frame.args.errNS, low = frame.args.low, format = frame.args.format, preview = frame.args.preview, template = frame.args.template } r = form( true, options, frame ) end return r or "" end -- p.check() function p.count( frame ) -- Count number of template parameters -- Postcondition: -- Return string with digits including "0" -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.count() return tostring( TemplatePar.count() ) end -- p.count() function p.countNotEmpty( frame ) -- Count number of template parameters which are not empty -- Postcondition: -- Return string with digits including "0" -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.countNotEmpty() return tostring( TemplatePar.countNotEmpty() ) end -- p.countNotEmpty() function p.match( frame ) -- Combined analysis of parameters and their values -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message or "" -- Uses: -- TemplatePar.framing() -- mw.text.trim() -- mw.ustring.lower() -- failure() -- form() -- TemplatePar.downcase() -- figure() -- feasible() -- fault() -- finalize() local r = false local options = { cat = frame.args.cat, errNS = frame.args.errNS, low = frame.args.low, format = frame.args.format, preview = frame.args.preview, template = frame.args.template } local k, v, s local params = { } TemplatePar.framing( frame ) for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do if type( k ) == "number" then s, v = v:match( "^ *([^=]+) *= *(%S.*%S*) *$" ) if s then s = mw.text.trim( s ) if s == "" then s = false end end if s then if options.low then s = mw.ustring.lower( s ) end if params[ s ] then s = params[ s ] s[ #s + 1 ] = v else params[ s ] = { v } end else r = failure( "invalidPar", tostring( k ), options ) break -- for k, v end end end -- for k, v if not r then s = { } for k, v in pairs( params ) do s[ #s + 1 ] = k end -- for k, v options.optional = s r = form( true, options, frame ) end if not r then local errMiss, errValues, lack, rule local targs = frame:getParent().args options.optional = nil if options.low then targs = TemplatePar.downcase() else targs = frame:getParent().args end errMiss = false errValues = false for k, v in pairs( params ) do options.say = k s = targs[ k ] if s then if s == "" then lack = true else lack = false end else s = "" lack = true end for r, rule in pairs( v ) do options = figure( rule, options ) r = feasible( s, options, true ) if r then if lack then if errMiss then s = "%s, &quot;%s&quot;" errMiss = string.format( s, errMiss, k ) else errMiss = string.format( "&quot;%s&quot;", k ) end elseif not errMiss then errValues = fault( errValues, r ) end break -- for r, rule end end -- for s, rule end -- for k, v r = ( errMiss or errValues ) if r then if errMiss then r = failure( "undefined", errMiss, options ) else r = failure( "invalid", errValues, options ) end r = finalize( r, options ) end end return r or "" end -- p.match() function p.valid( frame ) -- Check validity of one particular template parameter -- Precondition: -- frame -- object; #invoke environment -- Postcondition: -- Return string with error message or "" -- Uses: -- furnish() return furnish( frame, "valid" ) end -- p.valid() p.failsafe = function ( frame ) -- Versioning interface local s = type( frame ) local since if s == "table" then since = frame.args[ 1 ] elseif s == "string" then since = frame end if since then since = mw.text.trim( since ) if since == "" then since = false end end return Failsafe.failsafe( since ) or "" end -- p.failsafe function p.TemplatePar() -- Retrieve function access for modules -- Postcondition: -- Return table with functions return TemplatePar end -- p.TemplatePar() setmetatable( p, { __call = function ( func, ... ) setmetatable( p, nil ) return Failsafe end } ) return p n3evr41wio7p64lr7pta9y22xioexxd 0 19405 307454 220541 2026-09-07T21:37:16Z Soalt 39618 template:cunto 307454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saccharum officinarum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-125.jpg|thumbnail|''Saccharum officinarum'']] [[File:Cut sugarcane.jpg|thumbnail|Geedka qasabka]] [[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 10529 Sugarcane and bowl of sugar.jpg|thumb|Aale sokor iyo sokor budo ah]] '''Qasab''', ama '''aale sokor''' ({{lang-en|sugarcane}}) (magaca Saynis: ''Saccharum'') waa dhir dhaadheer oo ka tirsan qoyska [[cows]]ka, kaasi oo ka baxa deegaanada cimilada diiran leh sida [[Aasiya|Koonfurta Aasiya]], [[Afrika]] iyo Bartamaha Ameerika. Jirida geedka qasab waxaa laga miiraa dheecaan marka la qalajiyo laga sameeyo [[sonkor|sokor]]ta caalamka laga isticmaalo. =Tixraac= * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000808/Sugarcane-A-Giant-Among-Grasses/ Sugarcane—A Giant Among Grasses] {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} {{cunto}} [[Category:Cunto]] [[Category:Dhir]] [[Category:Geed]] fztr0c4qpaekr5wpc50f64idy7481he 0 19663 307475 158717 2026-09-08T01:14:28Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dowlad Ku Meel Gaadh ah''' ({{lang-en|transitional government, ama provisional government}}; {{lang-ar|حكومة مؤقتة}}) waa [[dowlad]] xukunka wadan ula wareegta si degdeg ah taasi oo hadafkeedu yahay in si ku-meel-gaadh ah u hayso xilka dalkaas isla markaana dhisto dowlad iyo maamul tayo leh oo ayada bedela. Sida badan dowlad ku meel gaadh ah waxay timaadaa marka wadan ku jiro xaalad kala guur ah, sida [[dagaal|colaado]], af-gembi, weerar dal shisheeye iyo wixii la mid ah. Sidoo kale, dowladani waa mid la soo magacaabo dhamaan xubnaha xilka ka haya. Dhinaca kale, dowladaha ku meel gaadhka ahi waxay xilka hayaan ilaa wadankaasi ay ka dhacayso [[doorasho]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/acbgovtpol/caretaker_government|title = caretaker government|date = |accessdate = 18 December 2015|website = Credo Reference|publisher = Dictionary of politics and government|last = |first = }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url = |title = The Role of Interim Governments|last = Shain(1) Linz(2)|first = Yossi(1) Linz(2)|date = January 1992|journal = Journal of Democracy|doi = 10.1353/jod.1992.0012|pmid = |access-date = }}</ref> ==Qeybaha iyo Nidaamka== Sida ay sheegeen khubaro taariikhyahano iyo siyaasiyiin ahi dowladaha ku meel gaadhka ah waxaa loo qeybiyaa ilaa afar nooc:<ref>Yossi Shain, Juan J. Linz, "Between States: Interim Governments in Democratic Transitions", 1995, ISBN 9780521484985 [https://books.google.lt/books?hl=lt&lr=&id=uy2GQmasDg4C&oi=fnd&pg=PR11#v=onepage&q&f=false], p. 5</ref> # Dowlad ku meel gaadh ah oo ku timid kacdoon (Revolutionary provisional governments). # Dowlad ku meel gaadh awood qeybsi (Power sharing provisional governments).<ref>{{Cite journal|url = |title = udicial Independence, Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law|last = Dyzenhaus|first = David|date = 2001–2004|journal = Otago Law Review|doi = |pmid = |access-date = }}</ref> # Dowlad ku meel gaadh oo kali-talis ah (Incumbent provisional governments). # Dowlad ku meel gaadh oo caalami ah (International provisional governments).<ref>{{Cite journal|url = |title = Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law|last = McAuliffe|first = Padraig|date = 09/01/2010|journal = ague Journal of the Rule of Law|doi = 10.1017/S1876404510200015|pmid = |access-date = }}</ref> ==Sidoo Kale Fiiri== * [[Dowlad]] * [[Maamul]] * [[Siyaasad]] * [[Aduun]] * [[Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{gumud}} [[Category:Siyaasad]] 667nw7nzyyapk73eg146ljo1znsvtqo 828 21308 307408 165246 2026-09-07T18:41:44Z Isma4l 41797 307408 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{gallery}} by wrapping the <gallery> core extension tag. local p = {} local templatestyles = 'Module:Gallery/styles.css' local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local plaintextModule = require('Module:Plain text') local function plaintext(text) -- stips out external links without labels, -- and then passes to the Plain_text module to clean the rest return plaintextModule.main({ args = { text:gsub("([^%[])%[([^%[%]%s]+)%]", '%1') , encode = "no" } }) end local function trim(s) return mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(s or '', '%s', ' '), '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') end local tracking, preview local function isImage(file) local file = trim(file):lower() -- Case insensitive check -- Check if it starts with "File:", "Image:", or "Media:" local prefix = file:match("^(%a+):") if prefix and (prefix == "file" or prefix == "image" or prefix == "media") then return true end local valid_extensions = { "apng", "djvu", "flac", "gif", "jfi", "jfif", "jif", "jpe", "jpeg", "jpg", "m1a", "m1v", "m2a", "m2v", "mid", "mp1", "mp2", "mp3", "mpa", "mpe", "mpeg", "mpg", "mpv", "oga", "ogg", "ogv", "opus", "pdf", "png", "stl", "svg", "svgz", "tif", "tiff", "wav", "wave", "webm", "webp", "xcf" } -- Extract file extension, of 3 or 4 characters only local ext = file:match("%.(%w%w%w%w?)$") -- Check if the extension is in the valid list if ext then for _, valid_ext in ipairs(valid_extensions) do if ext == valid_ext then table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using gallery without a media namespace prefix]]') return true end end end return false end local function checkarg(k,v) if k and type(k) == 'string' then if k == 'align' or k == 'state' or k == 'style' or k == 'title' or k == 'width' or k == 'height' or k == 'whitebg' or k == 'mode' or k == 'footer' or k == 'perrow' or k == 'noborder' or k:match('^alt%d+$') or k:match('^class%d+$') or k:match('^%d+$') then -- valid elseif k == 'captionstyle' then if not v:match('^text%-align%s*:%s*center[;%s]*$') then table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using gallery with the captionstyle parameter]]') end else -- invalid local vlen = mw.ustring.len(k) k = mw.ustring.sub(k, 1, (vlen < 25) and vlen or 25) k = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '[^%w%-_ ]', '?') table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using gallery with unknown parameters|' .. k .. ']]') table.insert(preview, '"' .. k .. '"') end end end function p.gallery(frame) -- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking template. -- Otherwise, for testing purposes, assume args are being passed directly in. local origArgs = (type(frame.getParent) == 'function') and frame:getParent().args or frame -- ParserFunctions considers the empty string to be false, so to preserve the previous -- behavior of {{gallery}}, change any empty arguments to nil, so Lua will consider -- them false too. local args = {} tracking, preview = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if v ~= '' then args[k] = v checkarg(k,v) end end if (args.mode or '') == 'packed' and (args.align or '') == '' then args.align = 'center' end if (args.align or '') == 'centre' then args.align = 'center' end local tbl = mw.html.create('div') tbl:addClass('mod-gallery') if args.state then tbl :addClass('mod-gallery-collapsible') :addClass('collapsible') :addClass(args.state) end if args.style then tbl:cssText(args.style) else tbl:addClass('mod-gallery-default') end if args.align then tbl:addClass('mod-gallery-' .. args.align:lower()) end if args.title then tbl:tag('div') :addClass('title') :tag('div') :wikitext(args.title) end local gargs = {} gargs['class'] = 'nochecker' .. (args.noborder and '' or ' bordered-images') gargs['widths'] = tonumber(args.width) or 180 gargs['heights'] = tonumber(args.height) or 180 gargs['style'] = args.captionstyle gargs['perrow'] = args.perrow gargs['mode'] = args.mode if yesno(args.whitebg or 'yes') then gargs['class'] = gargs['class'] .. ' whitebg' end local virtualgallery = {} local gallery = {} local imageCount = 0 local zwsp = string.char(0xE2, 0x80, 0x8B) -- U+200B Zero Width Space local zwnj = string.char(0xE2, 0x80, 0x8C) -- U+200C Zero Width Non-Joiner -- create a coding to identify classes -- using unicode non-printing characters -- this is a workaround until we get the class arg in the <gallery> tag -- https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344784 local skininvert = zwsp .. zwsp .. zwsp; local bgtransparent = zwsp .. zwsp .. zwnj; for i = 1, #args do local currentfield = trim(args[i]) or '' if currentfield == '' then -- Skip empty fields elseif isImage(currentfield) then imageCount = imageCount + 1 virtualgallery[imageCount] = { currentfield } elseif imageCount > 0 and virtualgallery[imageCount][2] == nil then -- In case of multiple captions, use the first and ignore the laters virtualgallery[imageCount][2] = currentfield end end local altCount = 0; -- Run through virtualgallery and builds gallery for n = 1, #virtualgallery do local img = virtualgallery[n][1] local caption = virtualgallery[n][2] or '' local alt = trim(args['alt' .. n] or '') local class = trim(args['class' .. n] or '') -- we count alt text only before any modification if alt ~= '' then altCount = altCount + 1 else -- if alt is empty, we use the caption as a alt text. -- It is necessary because we add classes codes in the next step, -- we do not want to let the alt empty with just the non-printing characters. alt = (caption ~= '') and plaintext(caption) or '' end -- we attach the non-printing code to the end of the alt text if mw.ustring.find(class, 'skin%-invert') then -- this matches both skin-invert and skin-invert-image alt = alt .. skininvert end -- as it is possible to combine multiple classes, we use find instead of == if mw.ustring.find(class, 'bg%-transparent') then alt = alt .. bgtransparent end -- Some space between the arguments and the pipe to prevent unexpected behaviors. -- for example: in some cases the parser interpret the pipe as part of urls table.insert(gallery, img .. (alt ~= '' and (' |alt=' .. alt) or '') .. (caption ~= '' and (' |' .. caption) or '')) end -- For tracking and verifying during migration to the new algorimth. -- It can be removed once everything is verified if math.ceil(#args / 2) > imageCount then if altCount > 0 then table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using gallery with potential alt text mismatch]]') --else -- table.insert(tracking, '[[Category:Pages using gallery with extra empty fields]]') end end tbl:tag('div') :addClass('main') :tag('div') :wikitext( frame:extensionTag{ name = 'gallery', content = '\n' .. table.concat(gallery,'\n'), args = gargs} ) if args.footer then tbl:tag('div') :addClass('footer') :tag('div') :wikitext(args.footer) end local trackstr = (#tracking > 0) and table.concat(tracking, '') or '' if #preview > 0 then trackstr = require('Module:If preview')._warning({ 'Unknown parameters ' .. table.concat(preview, '; ') .. '.' }) .. trackstr end return frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = templatestyles} } .. tostring(tbl) .. trackstr end return p 0bm0t7fkwgtb7ttjw7i336x6hjgczei 828 22968 307469 171037 2026-09-07T22:13:25Z Isma4l 41797 307469 Scribunto text/plain local mFileLink = require('Module:File link') local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local mSideBox = require('Module:Side box') local lang = mw.language.new('en') local p = {} local function formatLength(length) -- Formats a duration in seconds in "(h:)mm:ss" (minutes are zero-padded -- only if there are hours). if not length or length == 0 then return nil end -- Add 0.5 to offset the rounding down local t = lang:getDurationIntervals(length + 0.5, { 'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds' }) local s = t.seconds and string.format('%02d', t.seconds) or '00' local m = t.minutes or 0 local span = mw.html.create('span'):addClass('duration') if t.hours then span :tag('span') :addClass('h') :wikitext(t.hours) :done() :wikitext(':') m = string.format('%02d', m) end span :tag('span') :addClass('min') :wikitext(m) :done() :wikitext(':') :tag('span') :addClass('s') :wikitext(s) :done() return tostring(span) end local function renderRow(filename, title, play, alt, description, start, length, hasImage) -- Renders the HTML for one file description row. if not filename then return nil end length = formatLength(length) length = length and string.format(' (%s)', length) or '' local root = mw.html.create('') root:tag('div') :addClass('haudio') :newline() :tag('div') :addClass('listen-file-header') :wikitext(string.format( '[[:File:%s|%s]]%s', filename, title or '', length )) :done() :newline() :tag('div') :wikitext(play ~= 'no' and mFileLink._main{ file = filename, size = hasImage and '232px' or '215px', alt = alt, start = start } or nil ) :done() :newline() :tag('div') :addClass('description') :wikitext(description) :done() :done() return tostring(root) end local function renderTrackingCategories(isPlain, hasMissing, isEmpty, titleObj) -- Renders all tracking categories produced by the template. -- isPlain, hasMissing and isEmpty are passed through from p._main, -- and the titleObj is only used for testing purposes. local cats = {} local currentTitle = titleObj or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then -- We are in mainspace. if not isEmpty then cats[#cats + 1] = 'Articles with hAudio microformats' end if hasMissing then cats[#cats + 1] = 'Articles with empty listen template' end end if isPlain then cats[#cats + 1] = 'Listen template using plain parameter' end for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do cats[i] = string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end return table.concat(cats) end function p._main(args) -- Organise the arguments by number. local isPlain = args.plain == 'yes' local isEmbedded = args.embed and true local hasImage = not isPlain and not isEmbedded and args.image ~= 'none' local numArgs, missingFiles = {}, {} do local origNumArgs = mTableTools.numData(args) origNumArgs[1] = origNumArgs.other -- Overwrite args.filename1 etc. with args.filename etc. origNumArgs = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(origNumArgs) for i, t in ipairs(origNumArgs) do -- Check if the files exist. local obj = t.filename and mw.title.makeTitle(-2, t.filename) if obj and obj.exists then if t.length == 'yes' or -- Show length if the video height would be less than 150px obj.file.width / obj.file.height > (hasImage and 1.547 or 1.434) then t.length = obj.file.length else t.length = nil end numArgs[#numArgs + 1] = t else missingFiles[#missingFiles + 1] = t.filename or i end end end -- Render warning local hasMissing = #missingFiles ~= 0 local previewWarning = '' if hasMissing then for i, v in ipairs(missingFiles) do missingFiles[i] = type(v) == 'string' and string.format('missing file "%s"', v) or string.format('empty filename #%s', v) end previewWarning = string.format( 'Page using [[Template:Listen]] with %s', mw.text.listToText(missingFiles) ) previewWarning = require('Module:If preview')._warning({previewWarning}) end -- Exit early if none exist. if #numArgs == 0 then return previewWarning .. renderTrackingCategories(isPlain, hasMissing, true) end -- Build the arguments for {{side box}} local sbArgs = { metadata = 'no', position = (isPlain or isEmbedded) and 'left' or args.pos, style = args.style, templatestyles = 'Module:Listen/styles.css' } -- Class arguments do local class = { 'listen', 'noprint' } if isPlain then table.insert(class, 'listen-plain') end if isEmbedded then table.insert(class, 'listen-embedded') end if not hasImage then table.insert(class, 'listen-noimage') end if args.pos == 'left' and not isPlain and not isEmbedded then table.insert(class, 'listen-left') elseif args.pos == 'center' then table.insert(class, 'listen-center') end sbArgs.class = table.concat(class, ' ') end -- Image if not isPlain and not isEmbedded then if args.image then sbArgs.image = args.image else local images = { speech = 'Audio-input-microphone.svg', music = 'Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg', default = 'Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg' } sbArgs.image = mFileLink._main{ file = args.type and images[args.type] or images.default, size = '65x50px', location = 'center', link = '', alt = '' } end end -- Text do local header if args.header then header = mw.html.create('div') header:addClass('listen-header') :wikitext(args.header) header = tostring(header) .. '\n' else header = '' end local text = {} for i, t in ipairs(numArgs) do text[#text + 1] = renderRow( t.filename, t.title, t.play, t.alt, t.description, t.start, t.length, hasImage ) if numArgs[i + 1] then text[#text + 1] = '<hr/>' end end sbArgs.text = header .. table.concat(text) end -- Below if not isPlain and not isEmbedded and args.help ~= 'no' then sbArgs.below = string.format( '<hr/><i class="selfreference">Problems playing %s? See [[Help:Media|media help]].</i>', #numArgs == 1 and 'this file' or 'these files' ) end -- Render the side box. local sideBox = mSideBox._main(sbArgs) -- Render the tracking categories. local trackingCategories = renderTrackingCategories(isPlain, hasMissing) return previewWarning .. sideBox .. trackingCategories end function p.main(frame) local origArgs = frame:getParent().args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end return p._main(args) end return p pshu9hn2rm9f5n35bkb0qnl4u7oiy1b 307470 307469 2026-09-07T22:16:15Z Isma4l 41797 307470 Scribunto text/plain local mFileLink = require('Module:File link') local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local mSideBox = require('Module:Side box') local lang = mw.language.new('so') local p = {} local function formatLength(length) -- Formats a duration in seconds in "(h:)mm:ss" (minutes are zero-padded -- only if there are hours). if not length or length == 0 then return nil end -- Add 0.5 to offset the rounding down local t = lang:getDurationIntervals(length + 0.5, { 'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds' }) local s = t.seconds and string.format('%02d', t.seconds) or '00' local m = t.minutes or 0 local span = mw.html.create('span'):addClass('duration') if t.hours then span :tag('span') :addClass('h') :wikitext(t.hours) :done() :wikitext(':') m = string.format('%02d', m) end span :tag('span') :addClass('min') :wikitext(m) :done() :wikitext(':') :tag('span') :addClass('s') :wikitext(s) :done() return tostring(span) end local function renderRow(filename, title, play, alt, description, start, length, hasImage) -- Renders the HTML for one file description row. if not filename then return nil end length = formatLength(length) length = length and string.format(' (%s)', length) or '' local root = mw.html.create('') root:tag('div') :addClass('haudio') :newline() :tag('div') :addClass('listen-file-header') :wikitext(string.format( '[[:File:%s|%s]]%s', filename, title or '', length )) :done() :newline() :tag('div') :wikitext(play ~= 'no' and mFileLink._main{ file = filename, size = hasImage and '232px' or '215px', alt = alt, start = start } or nil ) :done() :newline() :tag('div') :addClass('description') :wikitext(description) :done() :done() return tostring(root) end local function renderTrackingCategories(isPlain, hasMissing, isEmpty, titleObj) -- Renders all tracking categories produced by the template. -- isPlain, hasMissing and isEmpty are passed through from p._main, -- and the titleObj is only used for testing purposes. local cats = {} local currentTitle = titleObj or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.namespace == 0 then -- We are in mainspace. if not isEmpty then cats[#cats + 1] = 'Maqaallada leh microformats hAudio' end if hasMissing then cats[#cats + 1] = 'Maqaallada leh shubanka dhagayso oo eber ah' end end if isPlain then cats[#cats + 1] = 'Shubanka dhagayso oo isticmaalaya xadidaad caadi ah' end for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do cats[i] = string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end return table.concat(cats) end function p._main(args) -- Organise the arguments by number. local isPlain = args.plain == 'yes' local isEmbedded = args.embed and true local hasImage = not isPlain and not isEmbedded and args.image ~= 'none' local numArgs, missingFiles = {}, {} do local origNumArgs = mTableTools.numData(args) origNumArgs[1] = origNumArgs.other -- Overwrite args.filename1 etc. with args.filename etc. origNumArgs = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(origNumArgs) for i, t in ipairs(origNumArgs) do -- Check if the files exist. local obj = t.filename and mw.title.makeTitle(-2, t.filename) if obj and obj.exists then if t.length == 'yes' or -- Show length if the video height would be less than 150px obj.file.width / obj.file.height > (hasImage and 1.547 or 1.434) then t.length = obj.file.length else t.length = nil end numArgs[#numArgs + 1] = t else missingFiles[#missingFiles + 1] = t.filename or i end end end -- Render warning local hasMissing = #missingFiles ~= 0 local previewWarning = '' if hasMissing then for i, v in ipairs(missingFiles) do missingFiles[i] = type(v) == 'string' and string.format('faylka maqan "%s"', v) or string.format('magaca faylka eberka ah #%s', v) end previewWarning = string.format( 'Bogga isticmaalaya [[Template:Listen]] oo leh %s', mw.text.listToText(missingFiles) ) previewWarning = require('Module:If preview')._warning({previewWarning}) end -- Exit early if none exist. if #numArgs == 0 then return previewWarning .. renderTrackingCategories(isPlain, hasMissing, true) end -- Build the arguments for {{side box}} local sbArgs = { metadata = 'no', position = (isPlain or isEmbedded) and 'left' or args.pos, style = args.style, templatestyles = 'Module:Listen/styles.css' } -- Class arguments do local class = { 'listen', 'noprint' } if isPlain then table.insert(class, 'listen-plain') end if isEmbedded then table.insert(class, 'listen-embedded') end if not hasImage then table.insert(class, 'listen-noimage') end if args.pos == 'left' and not isPlain and not isEmbedded then table.insert(class, 'listen-left') elseif args.pos == 'center' then table.insert(class, 'listen-center') end sbArgs.class = table.concat(class, ' ') end -- Image if not isPlain and not isEmbedded then if args.image then sbArgs.image = args.image else local images = { speech = 'Audio-input-microphone.svg', music = 'Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg', default = 'Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg' } sbArgs.image = mFileLink._main{ file = args.type and images[args.type] or images.default, size = '65x50px', location = 'center', link = '', alt = '' } end end -- Text do local header if args.header then header = mw.html.create('div') header:addClass('listen-header') :wikitext(args.header) header = tostring(header) .. '\n' else header = '' end local text = {} for i, t in ipairs(numArgs) do text[#text + 1] = renderRow( t.filename, t.title, t.play, t.alt, t.description, t.start, t.length, hasImage ) if numArgs[i + 1] then text[#text + 1] = '<hr/>' end end sbArgs.text = header .. table.concat(text) end -- Below if not isPlain and not isEmbedded and args.help ~= 'no' then sbArgs.below = string.format( '<hr/><i class="selfreference">Dhibaatoyinka ka jira shidaalka %s? Eeg [[Help:Media|caawinaada meediyaha]].</i>', #numArgs == 1 and 'faylkan' or 'faylladan' ) end -- Render the side box. local sideBox = mSideBox._main(sbArgs) -- Render the tracking categories. local trackingCategories = renderTrackingCategories(isPlain, hasMissing) return previewWarning .. sideBox .. trackingCategories end function p.main(frame) local origArgs = frame:getParent().args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end return p._main(args) end return p f8vj5y6afkqal5il0f4hn1gd05nyi2t 0 30553 307476 296583 2026-09-08T02:14:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307476 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Dhismaha xarunta [[Hormuud Telecom]] ee [[Muqdisho]].]] '''Isgaadhsiita Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|''Communications in Somalia''}}) waa adeega [[isgaarsiin]]ta ka howlgasha wadanka [[Soomaaliya]], taasi oo iskugu jirta isgaadhsiinta teleefanka, internetka, idaacadaha raadiyaha, madbacadaha, warbaahinta telefishanka iyo adeega waraaqad-dirista (postal services). ==Hordhac== Wixii ka dambeeyay dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka, waxaa aasaasmey [[Shirkadaha Soomaalida|shirkado madax banaan]] oo uga adeega bulshada howlaha isgaadhsiinta ee wakhtiyadii hore dowlada Soomaaliya gacanta ku hayn jirtey.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 Telecom Firms Thrive in Somalia Despite War, Shattered Economy] – ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''</ref> Tartanka udhaxeeya shirkadaha wuxuu keenay in maanta Soomaaliya ka mid noqoto wadanada ugu adeega fiican iyo qiimaha jaban ee isgaadhsiinta teleefanka iyo internetka.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.forbescustom.com/EmergingMarketsPgs/AbdirashidDualeInterviewP1.html |title=Freeing Finance: If money makes the world go round, Dahabshiil CEO Abdirashid Duale makes sure it goes to the right people |publisher=Forbescustom.com |accessdate=2010-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106131406/http://www.forbescustom.com/EmergingMarketsPgs/AbdirashidDualeInterviewP1.html |archive-date=2012-01-06 |url-status= }}</ref> ==Adeega Boostada== {{Infobox government agency |agency_name = Adeega Boostada Soomaaliya</br>Somali Postal Service |type = |nativename = Boostada Soomaaliya |nativename_a = |nativename_r = |logo = |logo_width = |logo_caption = |seal = |seal_width = |seal_caption = |picture = |picture_width = |picture_caption = |formed = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} OR {{Start date and years ago|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> |preceding1 = |preceding2 = <!-- (etc.) --> |dissolved = |superseding = |jurisdiction = [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya]] |headquarters = [[Muqdisho]], [[Soomaaliya]] |latd=2|latm=04|lats=00|latNS=N |longd=45|longm=22|longs=00|longEW=E |region_code = |coordinates = |motto = |employees = |budget = |minister1_name = Maxamud Ibrihim Adan |minister1_pfo = |minister2_name = |minister2_pfo = <!-- (etc.) --> |deputyminister1_name = |deputyminister1_pfo = |deputyminister2_name = |deputyminister2_pfo = <!-- (etc.) --> |chief1_name = |chief1_position = |chief2_name = |chief2_position = <!-- (etc.) --> |agency_type = [[Adeega boostada]] |parent_department = |parent_agency = [[Wasaaradda Boosta iyo Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya|Wasaarada Boostada iyo Warisgaadhsiinta]] |child1_agency = |child2_agency = <!-- (etc.) --> |keydocument1 = <!-- (etc.) --> |website = {{URL|mipt.gov.so}} |footnotes = |map = |map_width = |map_caption = }} [[Adeega Boostada Soomaaliya]] waa [[adeega boostada]] iyo waraaqaha ee wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]. Shaqada boostada waxaa masuul ka ah [[Wasaaradda Boosta iyo Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya|Wasaarada Boostada iyo Warisgaadhsiinta]].<ref>[http://www.mipt.gov.so/ Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunications] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mipt.gov.so/ |date=20130603134406 }}, Government of Somalia, 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2012.</ref> Intaasi waxaa dheer, adeega boostada waxay xidhiidh quman la leedahay wakaalado kale oo caalami ah kuwaasi oo iska kaashadaan helitaanka iyo dirista buqshadaha iyo alaabta. Nasiib-daro, adeega boostada Soomaaliya wuxuu burburay wakhtigii [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya||dagaalkii sokeeye]] sanadkii 1991kii. Dadaal badan iyo dhiiranaan ka dib, waxaa dib loo soo celiyay adeega boostada 1dii Noofember 2013ka,<ref>{{cite news|title=International mail services officially resume in Somalia|url=http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/|accessdate=7 November 2013|newspaper=Universal Postal Union|date=1 November 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172506/http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> wakhtigaasi oo uu dhacay Heshiiskii Xidhiidhka Iskusocodka ee dowlada Soomaaliya la sexeexatay wakaalada [[Imaaraatka Carabta|Boostada Imaaraadka]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mail services could soon resume in Somalia|url=http://news.upu.int/nd/mail-services-could-soon-resume-in-somalia/|accessdate=27 April 2013|newspaper=Universal Postal Union|date=26 April 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172436/http://news.upu.int/nd/mail-services-could-soon-resume-in-somalia/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Guud ahaan, badhtamihii Oktober 2014ka waxaa Wasaarada Boostaha ku dhawaaqdey fureyaal u gaar ah dhamaan [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|18ka gobol ee wadanka]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Weekly Statement: Progress of the Somali Government|url=http://diplomat.so/2014/10/11/weekly-statement-progress-of-the-somali-government-3/|accessdate=12 October 2014|agency=Diplomat News Network|date=11 October 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=14 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014202435/http://diplomat.so/2014/10/11/weekly-statement-progress-of-the-somali-government-3/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === Xeerarka === Waaxda isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya waxaa xukuma Xeerka Isgaarsiinta Qaranka (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xeerka Isgaarsiinta) kaas oo uu saxiixay madaxweyne Cabdullaahi Farmaajo 2dii Oktoobar 2017, ka dib markii uu ansixiyay Golaha Wasiirada iyo labada Aqal ee Baarlamaanka (Senate iyo Golaha Shacabka). Isla markiiba ayuu dhaqan galay. Xeerkan wuxuu lahaa waddo aad u dheer, maadaama qabyo-qoraalkiisu uu durba bilaabmay 2005. Waxaa horey u ansixiyay Golaha Wasiirada Soomaaliya sanadkii 2012. Sharciga cusub wuxuu wadada u xaarayaa dhismaha Guddiga Qaran ee Nidaaminta Isgaarsiinta ee waaxyaha baahinta iyo isgaarsiinta. Hindise-sharciyeedka waxaa la ansixiyay ka dib wadatashiyo dhexmaray wakiillada dowladda iyo isgaarsiinta, daneeyayaasha tacliinta iyo bulshada rayidka ah. Sida laga soo xigtay [[Wasaaradda Warfaafinta Soomaaliya|Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta]], waxaa la filayaa in Xeerkani uu abuuro jawi ku habboon maalgashiga, hubinta uu bixinayona waxay dhiirigelin doontaa horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha oo dheeraad ah, taasoo horseedi doonta bixinta adeeg hufan. <ref>[http://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somalia-president-farmajo-signs-telecoms-bill Somali President signs telecommunications bill], Garowe Online, 2 October 2017. Accessed on 3 October 2017.</ref> <ref name="Ssgtecrc">{{Cite news}}</ref> === Firms === Shirkadaha bixiya adeegyada isgaarsiinta ee Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah: {{Div col|colwidth=15em|content=*[[AirSom Comm Somalia]] *[[Dalkom Somalia]] *[[Gaani Wireless]] *[[Galkom]] *[[Global Internet Company]] *[[Golis Telecom Somalia]] *[[Haatif Telecom Somalia]] *[[Hormuud Telecom]] *[[NationLink Telecom]] *[[Netco (Somalia)|Netco]] *[[OnkoTel]] *[[Sahal Telecom Somalia]] *[[Somafone]] *[[Somali Data Network]] *[[Somali Telecom Group]] *[[Somlink Telecom]] *[[Somnet]] *[[Somtel]] *[[Telenet International]] *[[Vizocom]] *[[Wayrah Telecom]] *[[Xiriirka Fone]]}} === Boostada === [[Adeega Boostada Soomaaliya|Adeegga Boostada Soomaaliyeed]] (Boostada Soomaaliyeed) waa adeegga boostada qaranka ee [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya|Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya]] . Waa qayb ka mid ah Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta. <ref>[http://www.mipt.gov.so/ Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunications] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mipt.gov.so/ |date=20130603134406 }} {{Webarchive}}, Government of Somalia, 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2012.</ref> Kaabayaasha boostada qaranka ayaa gebi ahaanba burburay intii lagu jiray dagaalkii sokeeye. Si loo buuxiyo booska bannaan, Somali Post waxay heshiis la saxiixatay [[Imaaraatka Carabta|Imaaraadka Carabta]] 'Eaternation Post' sanadkii 2003 si ay u habayso boostada loo diro iyo tan laga keeno Soomaaliya. Xarunta gaadiidka boostada ee Emirates Post ee [[Dubai International Airport|garoonka diyaaradaha caalamiga ah ee Dubai]] ayaa markaa loo isticmaalay in boostada laga soo diro Soomaaliya loo gudbiyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo meelo kala duwan oo reer Galbeedka ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Talyaaniga]], [[Holland|Netherlands]], [[Boqortooyada Midowday|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]], [[Iswiidhan|Sweden]], [[Iswisarland|Switzerland]] iyo [[Kanada]] . <ref>[http://www.ameinfo.com/25662.html Emirates Post and Somali Post sign agreement to establish money transfer and mail services] {{Webarchive}}, AMEinfo.com, 30 June 2003. Retrieved 9 December 2012.</ref> Isla markaana, [[Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka|Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee]] Soomaaliya waxay bilowday diyaargarow lagu soo nooleynayo adeegga boostada qaranka. Qorshaha dib-u-dhiska guud ee dowladda ee Boostada Soomaaliyeed wuxuu u qaybsan yahay saddex marxaladood oo kala qaybsan muddo toban sano ah. Marxaladda 1aad waxay arki doontaa dib-u-dhiska xarunta boostada iyo Xafiiska Boostada Guud (GPO), iyo sidoo kale dhismaha 16 xafiis oo laamo ah oo ku yaal caasimadda iyo 17 xarumood oo ku yaal gobollada. Mas'uuliyiinta Soomaaliya waxay dib u soo celiyeen xubinnimadii Soomaaliya ee [[Universal Postal Union|Midowga Boostada Caalamiga ah]] (UPU) sannadkii 2012 waxayna bilaabeen inay mar kale ka qaybqaataan arrimaha Ururka. Waxay sidoo kale dib u habeeyeen GPO-ga Muqdisho, waxayna magacaabeen La-taliye Boostada oo rasmi ah si uu u bixiyo talo xirfadeed oo ku saabsan dib-u-habaynta. Wejiga 2aad ee mashruuca dib-u-habaynta waxaa ku jiray dhismaha 718 goobood oo boostada laga bilaabo 2014 ilaa 2016. <ref>[http://www.mipt.gov.so/images/stories/Somali%20Govt%20Presentation%20to%20UPU%20March%202012%20Opt.pdf Reconstruction of Somalia Post], Presentation to the U.P.U., Berne, Somali Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunications, 2 March 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160308015056/http://www.mipt.gov.so/images/stories/Somali%20Govt%20Presentation%20to%20UPU%20March%202012%20Opt.pdf Archived here.]</ref> Adeegyada boostada caalamiga ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa si rasmi ah dib ugu bilowday dabayaaqadii 2013, iyadoo la kaashanayo UPU horumarinta kartida, bixinta taageero farsamo, iyo bixinta qalabka aasaasiga ah ee habaynta boostada. === Raadiyaha === Waxaa jira dhowr wakaaladood oo wararka raadiyaha ah oo fadhigoodu yahay Soomaaliya. [[Radio Muqdisho]] ayaa la aasaasay xilligii gumeysiga, markii hore waxay baahin jirtay warar ku qoran [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]] labadaba. <ref name="Billboard">''World radio TV handbook'', (Billboard Publications., 1955), p.77.</ref> Idaacadda waxaa lagu casriyeeyay caawimaad [[Ruushka|Ruush ah]] ka dib markii ay xorowday 1960-kii, waxayna bilowday inay adeeg guri ku bixiso af Soomaali, [[Af-Amxaari|Amxaari]] iyo [[Af Oromo|Oromo]] . <ref name="Tlvb">Thomas Lucien Vincent Blair, ''Africa: a market profile'', (Praeger: 1965), p.126.</ref> Ka dib markii la xiray howlihii horraantii 1990-meeyadii sababtoo ah dagaalkii sokeeye, idaacadda waxaa si rasmi ah dib ugu furtay horraantii 2000-meeyadii [[Transitional National Government|Dowladdii Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Qaranka]] . Dabayaaqadii 2000-meeyadii, Radio Muqdisho waxay sidoo kale furtay bog internet oo isku magac ah, oo leh warar ku qoran af Soomaali, [[Carabi]] iyo [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]] . ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland]] * [[Warbaahinta Soomaaliya]] * [[Shirkadaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{gumud}} {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Isgaadhsiin]] [[Category:Elektaroonig]] pmzraimvfe8v9070f7b88wocjqoewwb 828 30688 307405 202147 2026-09-07T18:36:54Z Isma4l 41797 307405 Scribunto text/plain local makePurgeLink = require('Module:Purge')._main local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Progress box/config' ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Message mixin -- -- This function is mixed into all of the other classes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(self, key, ...) local msg = self._cfg[key] if not msg then error(string.format("no message found with key '%s'", tostring(key)), 2) end if select('#', ...) > 0 then return mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, ...):plain() else return msg end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Category class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Category = {} Category.__index = Category Category.message = message function Category.new(data) local self = setmetatable({}, Category) self._cfg = data.cfg self._whatToCount = data.whatToCount self:setCategory(data.category) return self end function Category:setCategory(category) self._category = category end function Category:getCategory() return self._category end function Category:makeCategoryLink(display) local cat = self:getCategory() display = display or cat return string.format('[[:Category:%s|%s]]', cat, display) end function Category:getCount() if not self._count then local counts = mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory(self:getCategory(), '*') self._count = counts[self._whatToCount or 'pages'] if not self._count then error("the count type must be one of 'pages', 'subcats', 'files' or 'all'") end end return self._count end function Category:getFormattedCount() return lang:formatNum(self:getCount()) end function Category:exists() return mw.title.makeTitle(14, self:getCategory()).exists end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- DatedCategory class -- Inherits from Category ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local DatedCategory = {} DatedCategory.__index = DatedCategory setmetatable(DatedCategory, Category) function DatedCategory.new(data) local self = setmetatable(Category.new(data), {__index = DatedCategory}) self._date = data.date self._dateFormat = data.dateFormat or self:message('date-format') self._formattedDate = self:formatDate(self._date) do local category = self:message( 'dated-category-format', data.baseCategory, self._formattedDate, data.from or self:message('dated-category-format-from'), data.suffix or '' ) category = category:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- trim whitespace self:setCategory(category) end return self end function DatedCategory:formatDate(date) return lang:formatDate(self._dateFormat, date) end function DatedCategory:getDate() return self._date end function DatedCategory:getFormattedDate() return self._formattedDate end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ProgressBox class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local ProgressBox = {} ProgressBox.__index = ProgressBox ProgressBox.message = message function ProgressBox.new(args, cfg, title) local self = setmetatable({}, ProgressBox) -- Argument defaults args = args or {} self._cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(CONFIG_MODULE) self._title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Set data if not args.float or (args.float and (args.float == 'left' or args.float == '')) then self._float_class = 'maint-cat-progress-left' elseif args.float == 'right' then self._float_class = 'maint-cat-progress-right' elseif args.float == 'none' then -- 'none' is actually 'center'ed self._float_class = 'maint-cat-progress-center' end self._header = args[1] self._frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- Make the base category object if not args[1] then error('no base category specified', 3) end self._baseCategoryObj = Category.new{ cfg = self._cfg, category = args[1], } -- Make datedCategory objects self._datedCategories = {} do local cfg = self._cfg local baseCategory = args[2] or self._baseCategoryObj:getCategory() local whatToCount = args.count local from = args.from or self:message('dated-category-format-from') local suffix = args.suffix local currentDate = lang:formatDate('Y-m') local date = self:findEarliestCategoryDate() local dateFormat = self:message('date-format') while date <= currentDate do local datedCategoryObj = DatedCategory.new{ cfg = cfg, baseCategory = baseCategory, whatToCount = whatToCount, from = from, suffix = suffix, date = date, dateFormat = dateFormat, } if datedCategoryObj:getCount() > 0 then table.insert(self._datedCategories, datedCategoryObj) end date = ProgressBox.incrementDate(date) end end -- Make all-article category object do local allCategory if args[3] then allCategory = args[3] else allCategory = self:message( 'all-articles-category-format', self._baseCategoryObj:getCategory() ) allCategory = self._frame:preprocess(allCategory) end self._allCategoryObj = Category.new{ cfg = self._cfg, category = allCategory, } end return self end -- Increments a date in the format YYYY-MM function ProgressBox.incrementDate(date) local year, month = date:match('^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)$') year = tonumber(year) month = tonumber(month) if not year or not month then error(string.format("error parsing date '%s'", tostring(date)), 2) end month = month + 1 if month > 12 then month = 1 year = year + 1 end return string.format('%04d-%02d', year, month) end function ProgressBox:findEarliestCategoryDate() return self:message('start-date') end function ProgressBox:isCollapsed() return self._title.namespace ~= 10 -- is not in template namespace end function ProgressBox:makeTotalLabel() local display = self:message('all-articles-label') if self._allCategoryObj:exists() then return self._allCategoryObj:makeCategoryLink(display) else return display end end function ProgressBox:getTotalCount() local count = 0 for i, obj in ipairs(self._datedCategories) do count = count + obj:getCount() end count = count + self._baseCategoryObj:getCount() return count end function ProgressBox:getFormattedTotalCount() return lang:formatNum(self:getTotalCount()) end function ProgressBox:__tostring() data = data or {} local root = mw.html.create('div') -- Base classes and styles root :addClass('maint-cat-progress') :addClass(self._float_class) -- Header row root:tag('div') :addClass('maint-cat-progress-header') :wikitext(self._header) -- Refresh row root:tag('div') :addClass('maint-cat-progress-refresh') :wikitext(makePurgeLink{self:message('purge-link-display')}) -- Subtotals local subtotalTable = mw.html.create('table') subtotalTable :addClass('maint-cat-progress-subtotals mw-collapsible') :addClass(self:isCollapsed() and 'mw-collapsed' or nil) :tag('caption') :wikitext(self:message('subtotal-heading')) for i, datedCategoryObj in ipairs(self._datedCategories) do subtotalTable :tag('tr') :tag('td') :wikitext(datedCategoryObj:makeCategoryLink( datedCategoryObj:getFormattedDate() )) :done() :tag('td') :wikitext(datedCategoryObj:getFormattedCount()) end -- Undated articles subtotalTable :tag('tr') :tag('td') :wikitext(self._baseCategoryObj:makeCategoryLink( self:message('undated-articles-label') )) :done() :tag('td') :wikitext(self._baseCategoryObj:getFormattedCount()) :allDone() -- Total root :node(subtotalTable) :tag('div') :addClass('maint-cat-progress-total-row') :tag('div') :addClass('maint-cat-progress-total-label') :wikitext(self:makeTotalLabel()) :done() :tag('div') :addClass('maint-cat-progress-total') :wikitext(self:getFormattedTotalCount()) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = {src = 'Module:Progress box/styles.css'} } .. tostring(root) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p._exportClasses() return { Category = Category, DatedCategory = DatedCategory, ProgressBox = ProgressBox, } end function p._main(args, cfg, title) return tostring(ProgressBox.new(args, cfg, title)) end function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { wrappers = 'Template:Progress box' }) return p._main(args) end return p dkqxr21zsvmxigt428fk6q6gm229x6u 828 30690 307407 202140 2026-09-07T18:38:27Z Isma4l 41797 307407 Scribunto text/plain -- This module contains configuration data for [[Module:Progress box]]. return { -- The date at which to start checking for existing categories, in YYYY-MM -- format. ['start-date'] = '2006-10', -- The heading for the subtotals ['subtotal-heading'] = 'Subtotals', -- The format used for maintenance category dates. This should be input that is -- valid for the #time parser function. ['date-format'] = 'F Y', -- The format of dated maintenance categories for this wiki. -- Parameters: -- $1: the category base, e.g. "Articles to be split" -- $2: the formatted date, e.g. "May 2015" -- $3: preposition joining the category base and the date, e.g. "from" -- $4: optional suffix ['dated-category-format'] = '$1 $3 $2 $4', -- Default preoposition to use with the category-format message. ['dated-category-format-from'] = 'from', -- Display text for the link to the undated articles category. ['undated-articles-label'] = 'Undated articles', -- The format of categories containing all pages for a particular maintenance -- task. This message is preprocessed. -- Parameters: -- $1: The undated category ['all-articles-category-format'] = 'All {{lcfirst:$1}}', -- Heading for the "all articles" row. ['all-articles-label'] = 'All articles', -- Display text for the purge link. ['purge-link-display'] = '(refresh)', } ozus49oramgloz5om42cyy89f400fhv 10 30956 307380 203182 2026-09-07T18:05:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 307380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> iixsn6gmy5v6zp1aqm79vhpce8m4a1b 0 32484 307483 298861 2026-09-08T04:14:03Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sunny Leone|birth_name=Karenjit Kaur Vohra|other names=Karen Malhotra|years active=2001–2013, 2012–hada|spouse=Daniel Weber (g. 2011)|children=3|birth_date={{birth date and age|1981|05|13|}}|birth_place=Sarnia, [[Kanada]]|citizenship=Kanada<br> Mareykanka|image=Sunny Leone in Juhu with 'Sunny Ka New Year Call' campaign winner.jpg|image caption=Leone 2020}} '''Karenjit Kaur Vohra''' (waxay dhalatay Maajo 13, 1981), oo lagu yaqaan magaceeda masraxa '''Sunny Leone''' (/ liˈoʊni /), waa atariisho Hindi ah oo jilaa filimada qaangaarka ahayd.<ref>[http://www.sunnyleone.com/en Sunny Leone — Desi Porn] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sunnyleone.com/en |date=20181225170019 }} ''SunnyLeone.com.''</ref><ref>[http://www.avn.com/porn-stars/Sunny-Leone-274888.html Sunny Leone profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.avn.com/porn-stars/Sunny-Leone-274888.html |date=20181225165959 }} ''AVN''</ref> Waxay haysataa dhalashada Kanada iyo Mareykanka.  Waxay sidoo kale isticmaashay magaca masraxa '''Karen Malhotra'''.<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/a-sunny-day-in-sarnia/article4098311/ A sunny day in sarnia]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/51052/how-karen-malhotra-turned-into-a-world-famous-porn-star-sunny-leone/ |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225170031/http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/51052/how-karen-malhotra-turned-into-a-world-famous-porn-star-sunny-leone/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>Waxaa loo magacaabay ''[[Penthouse]]'' Pet of the Year 2003, waxay ahayd qandaraasle qandaraasle ah '[[Vivid Entertainment]]', waxaana u magacaabay ''[[Maxim]]'' mid ka mid ah 12-ka jilaa ee ugu sareeya sanadka 2010. Waxay door ka ciyaartay dhacdooyinka caadiga ah ee madaxbannaan, filimada, iyo taxanaha telefishanka. Muuqaalkeedii ugu horreeyay ee guud wuxuu ahaa 2005, markii ay u shaqeysay sidii weriye rooga casaanka ee MTV Video Music Awards ee MTV India. Sanadkii 2011, waxay kaqeybqaadatay taxanaha xaqiiqda dhabta ah ee telefishanka Indian ''Bigg Boss''. Waxay sidoo kale martigelisay barnaamijka xaqiiqada Hindiya ee ''Splitsvilla''. Sannadkii 2012, waxay markii ugu horreysay Bollywood-ka ka sameysay filimka Pooja Bhatt ee filimka xiisaha leh ee ''[[Jism 2]]'' (2012) waxayna diiradeeda u weecisay jilitaanka guud ee ay la socotay ''Jackpot'' (2013), ''[[Ragini MMS 2]]'' (2014), ''[[Ek Paheli Leela]]'' (2015), ''[[Tera Intezaar]]'' (2017), iyo filimka Malayalam ''[[Madhura Raja]]'' ee 2019. Marka laga reebo xirfadeeda jilitaanka waxay qayb ka ahayd ololeyaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa oo ay ku jiraan Rock 'n' Roll Los Angeles Half-Marathon si ay lacag ugu ururiso Bulshada Kansarka ee Mareykanka waxayna sidoo kale u soo bandhigtay Dad loogu talagalay daaweynta anshaxa ee xayawaanka (PETA)  ey leh badbaadiyey, kuna dhiirrigelinaya milkiileyaasha xayawaanka inay bisadooda iyo eeyahoodu xanaaneeyaan oo ay khafiifiyaan. == Nolosha == Karenjit Kaur Vohra wuxuu ku dhashay Maajo 13, 1981, Sarnia, Ontario, waalidiinta [[Siikhismi|Sikh]] [[Hindiya|Indian Punjabi]] .<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sunny-leone-s-real-name-revealed/article1-847131.aspx Sunny Leone's real name revealed!] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sunny-leone-s-real-name-revealed/article1-847131.aspx |date=20141020043146 }} ''Hindustan Times''</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/People-in-India-are-conservative-Sunny-Leone/articleshow/23691999.cms? People in India are conservative: Sunny-Leone]</ref><ref name="eyeweek">[http://eyeweekly.com/blog/post/32910 Sunny Leone's America] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20081119075403/http://eyeweekly.com/blog/post/32910 the original]</ref> Sida gabar yar, waxay ahayd qof is-sharaxday oo u eg "[[wiil]]",<ref name="LATimes2016">[http://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-c1-india-porn-sunny-leone-snap-story.html india porn Sunny Leone snap story]</ref> cayaar aad u fudud isla markaana la ciyaaray xeegada waddooyinka wiilasha .<ref name="avn">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone Becomes Vivid-Girl |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Becomes-Vivid-Girl-43494.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2012-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415134432/http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Becomes-Vivid-Girl-43494.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> In kasta oo qoysku ahaa Sikh, waalidkeed waxay ku qoreen dugsiga Katooliga<ref name="eyeweek" /><ref name="Ambush">http://www.ambushinterview.com/97/interview97.html</ref><ref name="Alff">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://cltampa.com/dailyloaf/archives/2010/08/23/pornstar-sunny-leone-on-thriving-in-the-wild-wild-west-of-the-adult-industry-nsfw |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225170022/https://www.cltampa.com/dailyloaf/archives/2010/08/23/pornstar-sunny-leone-on-thriving-in-the-wild-wild-west-of-the-adult-industry-nsfw%20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Markii ay ahayd 13, qoyskeeda waxay u guureen Fort Gratiot, Michigan, ka dibna Lake Lake, California, sanad kadib,<ref name="Ambush" />iyadoo fulinaysa riyadeed ayeeyadeed iyo ayeeyadeed ee ahaa in qoysku hal meel kuwada wada noolaado .<ref name="eyeweek" /> Waxay dhunkashadeedii ugu horreysay ku qaadatay 11 ,<ref name="brazzers">[https://www.brazzers.com/profile/view/id/1213/sunny-leone/ Sunny Leone profile]</ref> waxayna bikradeeda ku wayday 16 jir iyada oo ciyaartoy kubbadda koleyga ah.<ref name="brazzers" /> == Xirfadiisii ​​hore == Kahor intaanay ka shaqeyn filimada dadka waaweyn, waxay ka shaqeynaysay rootiga Jarmalka,<ref name="xrent">[http://www.xrentdvd.com/Porn_Star_Interviews/Sunny_Leone.html Inside Sunny Leone]</ref> Iyo waxay sidoo kale baraneysay inay noqoto kalkaaliye caafimaad.<ref name="freeones.com">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Exclusive Interview With Sunny Leone |url=http://blog.freeones.com/2007/08/06/exclusive-interview-with-sunny-leone |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2007-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013013244/http://blog.freeones.com/2007/08/06/exclusive-interview-with-sunny-leone/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Sunny_Leone_r140014.png|alt=A black-haired woman wearing a yellow top and jeans sitting behind a table looking up at the camera.|left|thumb|Leone 2002]] Markii ay magaca u xulaneysey shaqadeeda qaangaarnimada, waxay tiri Sunny waa magaceeda dhabta ah waxaana Leone u xushay Bob Guccione, milkiilihii hore ee majaladda ''Penthouse''. Waxay u garaacdaa sawirro majaladda Penthouse, waxaana loogu magac daray Penthouse Pet ee Bishii 2001 ,<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/20011231-sunny-leone-makes-history-by-becoming-first-indian-model-to-become-a-penthouse-pet-776379-2001-12-31 Sunny Leone makes history by becoming first Indian model to become a Penthouse Pet]</ref> oo ay ku xigto muuqaal ku jira daabacaadda Fasaxa 2001 ee Hustler magazine oo ah Hustler Honey.  Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay joornaalada kale oo ay ku jiraan ''Cheri'',<ref name="Cheri">[http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Featured-in-i-Cheri-i-27277.html Sunny Leone Featured in Cheri] {{Wayback|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Featured-in-i-Cheri-i-27277.html |date=20120415134528 }} AVN</ref> ''Mystique Magazine'',<ref name="mystique">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071011052900/http://mystique-magazine.com/bio/Sunny-Leone.html Sunny Leone Jpg Pic Image & Video Gallery] Archived from [http://www.mystique-magazine.com/bio/Sunny-Leone.html the original]</ref> ''[[High Society (magazine)|High Society]]'', ''[[Swank (magazine)|Swank]]'', ''[[AVN (magazine)|AVN Online]]'', ''Leg World'', ''[[Club International]]'' iyo ''[[Lowrider Magazine|Lowrider]]'',<ref name="lowrider1">[http://www.lowridermagazine.com/models/0306_sunny_leone_lowrider_girl/index.html Lowrider Model&amp;nbsp;— Sunny Leone&amp;nbsp;— June 2003 enter fold] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20070608210420/http://www.lowridermagazine.com/models/0306_sunny_leone_lowrider_girl/index.html the original]</ref><ref name="lowrider2">[http://www.lowridermagazine.com/models/0311_sunny_leone_lowrider_girl/index.html Lowrider Model&amp;nbsp;— Sunny Leone&amp;nbsp;— November 2003 Center Fold] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20070525043822/http://www.lowridermagazine.com/models/0311_sunny_leone_lowrider_girl/index.html the original]</ref> halka dhibcaheeda internetka ay kujirto ModFX Models ,<ref name="modfxmodels">[http://www.modfxmodels.com/FeaturedModels/fm-SunnyLeone.html SUNNY LEONE MODFX COVER MODEL&amp;nbsp;— JULY 2003] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030704023206/http://www.modfxmodels.com/FeaturedModels/fm-SunnyLeone.html the original]</ref> [[Suze Randall]],<ref name="suze.net">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://free.suze.net/modelbios/sunnyleone/index.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2012-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320095613/http://free.suze.net/modelbios/sunnyleone/index.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Ken Marcus]]<ref>http://www.kenmarcus.com/promos/sunny_leone/index.html</ref> iyo Mac & Bumble.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.macandbumble.com/models_list/sunny_leone/ |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2006-05-18 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20060518032349/http://www.macandbumble.com/models_list/sunny_leone/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sanadkii 2003, waxaa loogu magac daray "Penthouse Pet of the Year" waxaana ay ka soo muuqatay filimka ''Penthouse Pets in Paradise'' oo ay weheliso Tera Patrick iyo Kyla Cole. Sannadkii 2005tii [[Adam & Eve]] waxay u magacaabeen inay noqdaan Wakiilka Iibka Internetka ee Xeebta Galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Joins-Adam-Eve-Sales-Team-42354.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2010-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526161851/http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Joins-Adam-Eve-Sales-Team-42354.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Sunny_Leone_AVN_Awards_2006_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Leone, AVN Awards 2006]] Isla sanadkaas, Leone waxay qandaraas seddex sano ah la saxiixatay Vivid Entertainment.<ref name="avn" /> Filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee ay soo saarto waxaa loogu magac daray Sunny<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Vivid-to-Ship-i-Sunny-i-46475.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2010-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116160852/http://business.avn.com/articles/Vivid-to-Ship-i-Sunny-i-46475.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> waxaana la sii daayay bishii Diseembar 2005. Filimkeedii xigay wuxuu ahaa, ''Virtual Vivid Girl Sunny Leone'',<ref name="xrent" /> filimku wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee AVN (DVD Interactive Best). Waxay raacday tan ''Sunny Loves Cher'' iyo ''The Female Gardner'' oo ay wada jilayaan Mikayla Mendez iyo Daisy Marie. Labadii filim ee ugu dambeysay ee ay qandaraaska la gasho Vivid waxaa ka mid ahaa Waa ''It’s Sunny In Brazil'', kaas oo lagu duubay [[Barasiil]],<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Vivid-Releases-i-It-s-Sunny-in-Brazil-i-25431.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2010-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526163329/http://business.avn.com/articles/Vivid-Releases-i-It-s-Sunny-in-Brazil-i-25431.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> iyo ''The Sunny Experiment'' sidoo kale waxaa jilay Monique Alexander iyo Brea Lynn.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/28879.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2012-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415134456/http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Performs-i-The-Sunny-Experiment-i-51415.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Filimadan ayaa waxaa la soo saaray bilaha October iyo December 2007. Bishii Meey 2007, markii ay dib u saxiixday qandaraaskeedii ay la gashay Vivid ee lix filim oo kale, Leone waxay ogolaatay inay markii ugu horreysay la sameyso rag kaamirada ah, laakiin si gaar ah u la leh ninka ay is doonan yihiin, Matt Erikson.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090622101812/http://business.avn.com/articles/4035.html</ref> waxay ku duubtay filimkeedii ugu horeeyay qandaraaska cusub ee loogu magac daray Sunny Loves Matt. Filimku wuxuu horseeday iyada in loo sharaxo seddex (lix) lixdii abaalmarin ee AVN ee sanadii 2009 marka lagu daro Sunny oo ah xulashada gabadha sanadka.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081203003734/http://www.avnawards.com/pdf/2009_AVN_NOMINATIONS_11_25_08.pdf</ref> Waxay raacday cinwaankeedii ugu horreeyay ee gabar-wiil ah oo ay la socoto ''The Side Side of Sunny'' bishii Oktoobar 2008, oo noqon doonta markii ugu dambeysay ee ay la soo bandhigto Erikson. Bishii Janaayo 2008, Leone waxay shaaca ka qaadday in aysan kali ku ahayn Erikson, isla markaana ay filim la keentay jilaayaal kale, oo ay ugu weyn tahay Tommy Gunn, Charles Dera, James Deen<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090601040441/http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=97782</ref> iyo Voodoo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091224115725/http://www.hotvideo.fr/component/video-star-du-x/2008_06_26/interview-de-sunny-leone-de-los-angeles-2008</ref> Sannadkii 2009, Vivid waxay soo saartay filimkeeda oo ay la jileyso rag kale oo jilaayaal ah oo cinwaan looga dhigay "''Sunny B / G Adventure''".<ref>[http://www.xcritic.com/review/34909/sunny-leone-sunnys-bg-adventure/ sunny leone sunnys bg adventure]</ref> Markii ugu dambeysay ee la sii daayo qandaraaska ay kula jirto Vivid - "''Undress Me''", ayaa mar kale ka dhigtay iyada mid gaar u ah inay la jileyso hal jilaa oo keliya, Daniel Weber (waxaa lagu sameeyay magaca masraxa Ariel King), oo markii dambe noqday ninkeeda.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Sunny-Leone-Says-Undress-Me-342026.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2016-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401112240/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Sunny-Leone-Says-Undress-Me-342026.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Sunny_Leone_at_Exxxotica_2009_Miami_Friday_2_adjusted.jpg|thumb|Leone 2009]] Bishii Ogosto 2009, waxay ku dhawaaqday in la bilaabay istuudiyaheeda u gaarka ah, Sunlust Pictures, oo ay weheliso Daniel Weber.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090601040445/http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=98989&mi=all&q=sunny+leone</ref> Iyada oo shirkadeeda cusub ee Leone ku dhawaaqday qorshayaasheeda qorista, toosinta iyo sameynta astaan ​​u gaar ah oo filimada qaangaarka ah lehna Vivid Entertainment oo ah qeybiyaha.<ref name="sunlust">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601040441/http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=97782 Sunny Leone Forms Her Own Studio, SunLust Pictures]</ref> Wax soo saarkeedii ugu horreeyay ee madax-bannaan, ''The Dark Side of the Sun'', waxaa la sii daayay Maarso 2009.<ref name="darksun">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone Shows Her 'Dark Side' in Sin City |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/34405.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2009-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228095332/http://business.avn.com/articles/34405.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Markii dambe kuma xirna Vivid, Leone waxay billowday inay la shaqeyso istuudiyaha kale iyo jilayaasha tan iyo sanadkii 2009. Waxay ku dallacday caannimadeeda internetka iyadoo heshiisyo la gashay shirkadaha sida PPPcard,<ref name="PPPcard">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone Signs with PPPcard |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/26324.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2009-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909165939/http://business.avn.com/articles/26324.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> AdultPokerParty.com,<ref name="pokerparty">{{Cite web |ciwaan=AdultPokerParty.com Teams with Sunny Leone |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/27310.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2020-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328232137/https://avn.com/business/articles/video/ramone-to-shoot-fem-domme-strap-on-title-for-robert-hill-27310.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Brickhouse,<ref name="brickhouse">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100308000543/http://business.avn.com/articles/428.html Sunny Leone, Brickhouse Mobile Partner]</ref> Flirt4Free,<ref name="flirt">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Flirt4Free Presents Sunny Leone and Stefani Morgan Live |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/28364.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2020-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328232140/https://avn.com/business/articles/gay/On-the-Set-Beyond-Malibu-28364.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Totemcash<ref name="totem">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601040435/http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=97224&mi=all&q=sunny+leone Flash Ads Boost TotemCash Sales]</ref> iyo Imlive<ref name="imlive">[https://archive.today/20121208164203/http://business.avn.com/articles/5747.html ImLive Signs Celebrity Porn Star Guests]</ref> inay iibiso oo u qaybiso waxyaabaha ay ka koobantahay internetka iyo warbaahinta kale. Waxay ku guuleysatay "Web Babe of the Year" abaalmarintii Xbiz ee 2008.<ref name="xbizaward">[http://www.xbizawards.com/winners.php XBIZ Awards&amp;nbsp;— Recognizing Excellence in Adult Entertainment] {{Wayback|url=http://www.xbizawards.com/winners.php |date=20120103173201 }} XBIZ</ref> Websaydhadeeda iyo danaheeda ganacsi waxaa ku hoos shaqeeya shirkaddeeda calanka ee Leon L.L.C.  Waxay ku muujisay wareysi ay bixisay Abriil 2012 in 80 boqolkiiba taraafikada degelkeeda, iyo boqolkiiba 60 dakhliga soo gala ay ka timaaddo Hindiya.<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/why-this-canadian-porn-stars-past-isnt-holding-her-back-in-bollywood/article4098382/ Why this Canadian porn star's past isn't holding her back in Bollywood]</ref> Xirfadeeda filimada ka sokow, Leone waxay qeyb ka ahayd Vivid Comedy Tour,<ref name="comedynite">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Vivid to Present Comedy Night Next Wednesday |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/27264.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2021-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827004828/https://avn.com/business/articles/video/fsc-announces-red-white-blue-fundraiser-27264.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. Leone sidoo kale waxay kaqeyb qaadatay dhacdooyinka sida Vivid / ClubJenna Lingerie Bowl<ref name="clubjenna">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Vivid/Club Jenna Bowl to Feature Coquette Lingerie Show |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/24961.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2021-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827004914/https://avn.com/business/articles/technology/wantedlist-and-fleshbot-launch-contest-24961.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> iyo Vivid's Hot Rod Night.<ref name="hotrodnight">[https://archive.today/20130102005214/http://business.avn.com/articles/21349.html Bike & Hot Rod Night]</ref> Sanadkii 2013, waxay ku dhawaaqday inay ka fariisatay sameynta filimada qaangaarka ah waxayna tiri "Nasiib ayaan u leeyahay in dhagaystayaashu i aqbalayaan. Waxaan ka imid halkaas (filimada galmada). Ma lihi wax qorshe ah oo aan hadda ugu laabanayo halkaas."<ref name="retire">[http://www.mtvindia.com/blogs/parent/urban-cupid/leone-announces-retirement-from-adult-films-50244810.html Leone Announces Retirement From Adult Films!]</ref> Sanadkii 2016, waxaa loo doortay inay ka mid noqoto 100ka haween ee [[BBC]]-da.<ref name="list2016">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-38012048 BBC 100 Women 2016: Who is on the list?]</ref> == Xirfada filimada Hindiga == [[File:Sunny_Leone_at_Bigg_Boss_series,_India_(2).jpg|right|thumb|Leone oo martigalineysa Sanjay Dutt kadib markii laga saaray guriga ''Bigg Boss'']] 2011, waxay kaqeybqaadatay taxanaha xaqiiqada Indian ''Bigg Boss 5'', oo galaya guriga maalinta 49 .<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=ndo-Canadian porn star to spice up 'Bigg Boss 5 |url=http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/entertainment/249362/indocanadian-porn-star-to-spice-up-bigg-boss-5/ |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-01-03 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130103145653/http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/entertainment/249362/indocanadian-porn-star-to-spice-up-bigg-boss-5/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111121070207/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/sunny-leone-enters-bigg-boss-in-a-lehenga/article1-771671.aspx Sunny Leone enters Bigg Boss in a lehenga]</ref> Si kastaba ha noqotee, way diidday inay ka hadasho shaqadeeda qaawan, waxayna u sheegtay Pooja Bedi inay iyadu ahayd moodel iyo TV marti ku ah Ameerika tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ama wax la mid ah.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Bigg Boss: Sunny Leone hides her porn star status |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/bigg-boss-sunny-leone-hides-her-porn-star-status_100679.htm |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604060231/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/bigg-boss-sunny-leone-hides-her-porn-star-status_100679.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Waxaa la soo wariyay in ay kicisay buuq ka dhex dhacay dad weynaha<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111128192130/http://www.theprovince.com/news/Canadian%2Bporn%2Bstar%2BSunny%2BLeone%2Bcauses%2Bstir%2BIndia/5760537/story.html Canadian porn star Sunny Leone causes stir in India]</ref> iyada oo barteeda [[Twitter]]-ka ku kasbatay 8,000 oo taageerayaal cusub 2 maalmood gudahood<ref>[https://archive.today/20120707134721/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-22/tv/30428111_1_contract-star-twitter-users-penthouse-pet Adult star Sunny Leone is trending in India]</ref> iyo [[Google]] oo leh waxay raadineysaa khibradeeda "guul".<ref>{{Cite web |title=For a few days the growth in search queries related to Sunny Leone was what Google describes 'breakout'. |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-27/tv/30444716_1_sunny-deol-google-trends-search-data |access-date=2012-07-07 |archive-date=2013-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726161326/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-27/tv/30444716_1_sunny-deol-google-trends-search-data |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waxa kale oo jiray cabashooyin loo gudbiyay Wasaaradda Warfaafinta iyo Baahinta ee Hindiya iyaga oo ku andacoonaya in kanaalka TV-yada ee Colors uu kor u qaadayo filimada qaawan iyadoo Leone ay ka soo muuqanayso barnaamijka;  kuwa xareystay waxaa ka mid ah Hindida Farshaxanada iyo Jilayaasha.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111203070208/http://www.mediamughals.com/News/1/1/Article/8593/IAAF_files_complaint_against_Colors_for_Sunny_Leone_entry.htm IAAF files complaint against Colors for Sunny Leone entry]</ref> Waxaa laga saaray guriga maalintii 91 .<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/porn-star-sunny-leone-to-enter-bigg-boss-146090-2011-11-17 Porn star Sunny Leone to enter 'Bigg Boss' house]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/tv/sunny-leones-bigg-boss-journey-ends-819259.html|title=Bigg Boss 5: Sunny Leone evicted from the house|date=1 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-sunny-leone-on-her-stint-in-bigg-boss-house/20120102.htm#5|title=Juhi is the backbone of the house who keeps everyone together|date=2 January 2012}}</ref> [[File:Sunny_-_Jism_2_01.jpg|left|thumb|Leone filimkii ''[[Jism 2]]'' ee 2012]] Intii ay ku jirtay guriga Bigg Boss, Leone waxaa u yimid filim sameeyaha Bollywood Mahesh Bhatt oo guriga soo galay si kooban si uu ugu siiyo doorka hogaaminta ee ''Jism 2'' (qeybtii labaad ee filimkii ''[[Jism]]'' ee 2003). Leone ayaa Bollywood-ka soo gashay sanadkii 2012 iyadoo la keentay filimka Jism 2 si ay u daciifiso soo dhaweynta xasaasiga ah laakiin ganacsi ahaan wuu ku guuleystay.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/i-haven-t-made-jism-2-for-100-crore-club-pooja-bhatt/article1-909714.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808134027/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/I-haven-t-made-Jism-2-for-100-crore-club-Pooja-Bhatt/Article1-909714.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 8, 2012|title=I haven't made Jism 2 for 100 crore club: Pooja Bhatt|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=7 August 2012}}</ref> Sunny Leone waxay saxiixday filimkeedii labaad ee Bollywood ah, ''Ragini MMS 2'', waxaa xigay filimkii Ekta Kapoor ee argagaxa lahaa ee ''Ragini MMS''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.invectura.com/sunny-leone-in-ragini-mms-2/|title=Sunny Leone in Ragini MMS 2|work=invectura.com|date=2012-04-22|access-date=2012-04-22|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2012-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601030517/http://www.invectura.com/sunny-leone-in-ragini-mms-2/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sunny Leone ayaa ka soo muuqatay hees ku jirta filimkii 2013 ''Shootout at Wadala''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sunny Leone goes desi for first item song in Bollywood|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Sunny-Leone-goes-desi-for-first-item-song-in-Bollywood/Article1-1021993.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307060259/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Sunny-Leone-goes-desi-for-first-item-song-in-Bollywood/Article1-1021993.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 March 2013|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Check Out: Sunny Leone in Shootout At Wadala|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/4647|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=6 March 2013}}</ref> Waxay sii bilawday duubista filimka ''Jackpot''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kaizad Gustad hits the Jackpot|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/news/view/id/1855079|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=2 July 2013|date=2013-06-25}}</ref> ''Jackpot'' waxaa la sii daayay 13-kii Diseembar 2013 mana aysan soo dhaweynin dadka naqdiya .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/598013|title=Jackpot|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> === ''Ragini MMS 2'' (2014–hada) === [[File:Sunny_Leone_snapped_in_Mumbai.jpg|left|thumb|Leone 2018]] Filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee ay bixiso sanadkii 2014 wuxuu ahaa filim cabsi badan laga wada qabay ''Ragini MMS 2'', kaasoo noqday filim guuleystay.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/toptenworldwidegrossers2014#.U-AH7fl_ssZ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508150134/http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/toptenworldwidegrossers2014|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 8, 2014|title=Boxoffice|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/ragini_mms_2#.U-AH5vl_ssY|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401024315/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/ragini_mms_2|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 1, 2014|title=Boxoffice|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> Waxqabadka Leone ayaa helay amaan iyo cambaareyn Mohar Basu oo ugu yeeray jilisteeda "muujinta".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koimoi.com/movie/ragini-mms-2/?type=review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006223634/http://www.koimoi.com/movie/ragini-mms-2/?type=review|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 6, 2014|title=Movie Review:Ragini Mms 2|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> Bishii Nofeembar 2013, waxay xaqiijisay inay sameyn doonto filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee Tamil ah ee Vadacurry kaas oo soo baxay bishii Maajo 2014 waxayna ku soo bandhigtay muuqaal gaar ah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Sunny-Leone-excited-about-her-Tamil-film/articleshow/26402212.cms|title=Sunny Leone excited about her Tamil film|work=The Times Of India|date=2013-11-26|access-date=2013-12-05}}</ref> Waxay markan ku soo baxday heesta "Pink Lips" ee filimka ''Hate Story 2'' ,<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone's Pink Lips gets 10 lakhs fans|url=http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leones-pink-lips-gets-10-lakhs-fans/47503|access-date=8 July 2014|work=Patrika Group|date=7 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713011726/http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leones-pink-lips-gets-10-lakhs-fans/47503|archive-date=July 13, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref>Guusha "Pink Lips" kadib, waxay mar kale kasoo muuqatay "Shake That Booty" filimka ''Balwinder Singh Famous Ho Gaya''. Waxay markii ugu horeysay jilis ku sameysay shirkada filimada ee Telugu iyadoo ka soo muuqatay door yar oo ka mid ah filimka ''Current Theega'', halkaasoo ay ku soo ciyaartay macalin iskuul.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/First-look-Sunny-Leone-stuns-in-a-sari-in-Current-Theega/articleshow/37393994.cms|title=First look : Sunny Leone stuns in a sari in Current Theega|work=The Times of India|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> [[File:Sunny_Leone_snapped_post_shoot_at_Mehboob_Studio_2.jpg|thumb|Leone 2016]] Leone ayaa markaa ka soo muuqatay heesta "Sesamma Bagilu Tegi Amma" ee filimka Kannada ee ''DK'', taas oo marki ugu horreysay ka soo muuqatay shirkadda filimada Kannada.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone to do item number for DK|url=http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leone-to-do-item-number-for-dk/48255|access-date=5 August 2014|work=Patrika Group|issue=5 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808022021/http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leone-to-do-item-number-for-dk/48255|archive-date=August 8, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2015, Leone waxay ka soo muuqatay filimka muusikada xiisaha leh ee ''Ek Paheli Leela'', halkaas oo ay ku muujisay laba door sida Leela, tuulo beelle, iyo Meera, oo ah moodel ka yimid [[Milan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone's hot and desi look in Leela|url=http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leones-hot-and-desi-look-in-leela/48131|access-date=31 July 2014|work=Patrika Group|issue=31 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802135019/http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leones-hot-and-desi-look-in-leela/48131|archive-date=August 2, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Ek-Paheli-Leela/movie-review/46877692.cms|title=Ek Paheli Leela Movie Review|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Filimku wuxuu la kulmay iskudhafro dib u eegis diidmo ah laakiin wuxuu ahaa guul ganacsi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ek Paheli Leela : 1st Wednesday (Day 6) Box Office Collections|url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/ek-paheli-leela-1st-wedneday-day-6-box-office-collections|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418124845/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/ek-paheli-leela-1st-wedneday-day-6-box-office-collections/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 18, 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|work=Koimoi.com|issue=17 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Box Office Capsule "Ek Paheli Leela"|url=http://www.boxofficecapsule.com/analysis/Lifetime-Business--Economics-Of-EK-PAHELI-LEELA-3555|access-date=May 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329155314/http://www.boxofficecapsule.com/analysis/Lifetime-Business--Economics-Of-EK-PAHELI-LEELA-3555|archive-date=March 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> ka dib waxay ka soo muuqatay filimkii shactirada ahaa ee Kuch Kuch Locha Hai oo la sii daayay 8-dii May, 2015. Filimka ayaa u muuqday mid dhaliil iyo ganacsi ahaanba ku fashilmay.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny gives another sex comedy|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sunny-Leone-Ram-Kapoor-display-their-comic-side-in-Kuch-Kuch-Locha-Hai/articleshow/45317764.cms}}</ref> Waxay sameysay heesteedii labaad ee Kannada "Kamakshi" ee filimka ''Luv U Alia''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone in her second Kannada film|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sunny-leone-in-special-cameo-in-luv-u-alia/}}</ref> waxay ka soo muuqatay door yar Akshay Kumar filimkiisa ''Singh is Bling.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone shoots for a cameo in Singh is Bling|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/15001442/Sunny-Leone-does-a-cameo-in-Akshay-Kumars-Singh-Is-Bliing}}</ref>'' Bishii Janaayo 2016, waxay ka soo muuqatay filimkii ''Mastizaade'', oo la sii daayay Janaayo 29, 2016, halkaasoo ay ku muujisay mataano ah, Laila iyo Lily Lele oo ay wehliyaan Tusshar Kapoor iyo Vir Das.  Filimka waxaa loo sii daayay dib u eegis isku dhafan wuxuuna ahaa mid celcelis ahaan soo xareeyay .<ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in">{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sunny-leone--sex-comedy-mastizaade-milap-zaveri/1/358490.html|title=First poster of Sunny Leone's sex-comedy Mastizaade out|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> Filimkeedii xigay wuxuu ahaa ''One Night Stand'' oo la sii daayay 6-dii May, 2016. Filimka waxaa loo sii daayay dib-u-eegis isku dhafan laakiin wuxuu ahaa flop ganacsi ahaan.<ref>{{cite news|title=One Night Stand commences shoot|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Sunny-Leones-One-Night-Stand-in-Thailand/photostory/46128243.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.]]|date=February 5, 2015}}</ref> Filimkeedii ugu dambeeyay ee ay soosaarto sanadkii 2016 wuxuu ahaa ''Beiimaan Love'' oo soo baxay 14kii Oktoobar 2016. Bandhigeeda si weyn ayaa loo amaanay laakiin filimku wuxuu la kulmay dib u eegisyo taban wuuna fashilmay.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beiimaan Love kickstarts with cake cutting|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rajneesh-Duggal-excited-to-team-up-with-Sunny-Leone-again-in-Tera-Beimaan-Love/articleshow/46930829.cms}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=no}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay heesta "Tu Zaroorat Nahi Tu Zaroori Hai" oo ay la wado Sharman Joshi iyo heesta "Choli Blockbuster" ee filimka ''Dongri Ka Raja''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny gets a new voice for item number|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mamta-sharma-to-sing-an-item-number-for-sunny-leone-2260735|work=[[Dna India]]|publisher=[[Diligent Media Corporation]]|date=October 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny and Sharman to steamup the song|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/sunny-leone-sizzles-ranbir-kapoor-sharman-joshi-song-video-teaser-released-693982|work=[[IB Times]] India|date=September 16, 2016}}</ref> Bishii Diseembar 2016, heesteeda "Laila Main Laila" oo filimka ''Raees'' oo ay la wado [[Shahrukh Khan|Shah Rukh Khan]] ayaa la sii daayay .<ref>{{cite news|title='Raees' rail ride: Sunny Leone shocked by the fan frenzy at Vadodara station|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/raees-rail-ride-sunny-leone-shocked-by-the-fan-frenzy-at-vadodara-station/articleshow/56742559.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.]]|date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> [[File:Sunny_Leone_promotes_Raees-2.jpg|left|thumb|Leone at an event promotion of ''[[Raees (film)|Raees]]'' in 2017]] Bishii Abriil 2017, waxay ka soo muuqatay door yar filimka ''Noor'' ee Sonakshi Sinha''.''{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Kadib waxay kasoo muuqatay heesta "Piya More" oo ay la wado Emraan Hashmi filimka ''Baadshaho''.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sunny-Leone-to-groove-with-Ajay-Devgn-in-Baadshaho/articleshow/53633130.cms"Sunny|title=Leone to groove with Ajay Devgn in 'Baadshaho'|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.]]|date=January 28, 2017|access-date=October 14, 2017}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ka soo muuqatay heesta "Trippy Trippy" ee filimka, ''Bhoomi'' ayaa la sii daayay Sebtember 22, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone to do a song in Sanjay Dutt's comeback film|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/after-shah-rukh-khan-and-emraan-hashmi-sunny-leone-to-shoot-a-special-song-for-sanjay-dutts-comeback-film-bhoomi/|work=[[BollywoodLife.com]]|date=July 25, 2017|last=Chauhan|first=Gaurang}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale sameysay filimkeedii ugu horeeyay ee Marathi iyo Bengali isla bishaas iyadoo heeso "Kuth Kuth Jayacha Honeymoon La" iyo "Chaap Nishna".<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny makes Marathi debut with an item song|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/videos/kuth-kuth-jayacha-honeymoon-la-sunny-leone-boyz-marathi-movie.html|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2021-04-26|archive-date=2018-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103004853/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/videos/kuth-kuth-jayacha-honeymoon-la-sunny-leone-boyz-marathi-movie.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny in Sera Bangali|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/in-pics-sunny-leone-makes-bengali-debut-with-rajpal-yadav-in-sera-bengali/story-iB3ekeeUQwX9KZZ6rrz4uO.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|publisher=[[HT Media]]|date=July 26, 2017|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Afraad 26, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Sideedaad 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827004910/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/in-pics-sunny-leone-makes-bengali-debut-with-rajpal-yadav-in-sera-bengali/story-iB3ekeeUQwX9KZZ6rrz4uO.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kadib waxay kasoo muuqatay heesta "Deo Deo" ee filimka Telugu ee ''PSV Garuda Vega''<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone signs secong Telugu film|url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/sunny-leone-was-my-first-choice-for-special-number-in-psv-garuda-vega-praveen-sattaru-1358065.html|work=[[News18 India]]|publisher=[[Network18 Group]]|date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> Waxay sameysay filimkeedii caadiga ahaa ee ''Tera Intezaar'' oo ay la waday Arbaaz Khan. Filimku wuxuu soo baxay 1 Diseembar 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone excited to work with Arbaaz Khan|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/sunny-leone-new-film-arbaaz-khan-malaika-arora-divorce/1/680882.html|work=[[India Today]]|publisher=[[Living Media]]|date=May 30, 2016}}</ref> Sunny Leone waxaa u codeeyay xeerbeegtida Shabakadda 'Network 7 Media Group' inay tahay "Atariishada Arimaha Hindiya ee sanadka 2018" oo ay aasaaseen Satya Brahma xafladii taariikhiga ahayd ee 9aad ee Hoggaaminta Hindida Hindiya & Abaalmarinta Hoggaaminta Ganacsiga Hindida ee 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indialeadershipconclave.info/sunny-leone-honored-as-indian-affairs-actress-of-the-year-2018-at-india-leadership-conclave-2018/|title=Sunny Leone honored as 'Indian Affairs Actress of the year 2018' at India Leadership Conclave 2018|date=2018-07-26|work=India Leadership Conclave 2018|access-date=2018-08-04|language=en-US|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2018-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804170140/http://indialeadershipconclave.info/sunny-leone-honored-as-indian-affairs-actress-of-the-year-2018-at-india-leadership-conclave-2018/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sunny Leone taxaneheeda taariikh nololeedkiisa ''Karenjit Kaur - The Untold Story of Sunny Leone'', taxane asal ah oo ay daabacday ZEE5,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5originals/details/karenjit-kaur-the-untold-story-of-sunny-leone/0-6-tvshow_984782182|title='Karenjit Kaur – the untold story of Sunny Leone|publisher=zee5.com|access-date=2018-06-29}}</ref> waxaa la sii daayay 16kii Luulyo 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Watch: Sunny Leone unveils the 38-second motion poster of her biopic Karenjit Kaur & it breaks the Internet in 24 hours|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-watch-sunny-leone-unveils-the-38-second-motion-poster-of-her-biopic-karenjit-kaur-it-breaks-the-internet-in-24-hours-2632441}}</ref> Tixdu waxay ka warramaysaa safarkii ay ka soo gashay gabadh dabaqadda dhexe ah oo ku nool Kanada si ay u noqoto qof caan ka ah googled-ka Hindiya. == Nolosha shaqsiga == Bishii Juun 2006, Leone waxay noqotay muwaadin Mareykan ah, laakiin waxay sheegtay inay qorsheyneyso inay sii ahaato labo dhalasho oo Kanada ah.<ref name="sapna">[http://www.sapnamagazine.com/fall05/articles/culture/fa-sunny.html Sex and Stardom: Inside the World of a Desi Adult Entertainer] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sapnamagazine.com/fall05/articles/culture/fa-sunny.html |date=20070818140644 }} Sapna magazine</ref> 14kii Abriil 2012, Leone waxay ku dhawaaqday inay hadda deggan tahay Hindiya,<ref>[https://twitter.com/SunnyLeone/status/191135558796451841 Twitter / SunnyLeone: I have the greatest news today]</ref><ref name="in.movies.yahoo.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131105050026/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/sunny-leone-now-indian-citizen-183000530.html Sunny Leone Now An Indian Citizen – Yahoo Movies India]</ref> iyada oo sharraxaysa wareysi ay siisay ''The New Indian Express'' in ay ahayd Muwaadin Dibedda ka ah Hindiya isla markaana ay xaq u leedahay dhalashada dibadda sababta oo ah waalidkeed waxay ku noolaayeen Hindiya. Way codsatay kahor duubista filimka ''Jism 2''.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone, about Indian fans |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article585734.ece |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106093759/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article585734.ece |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone: Ragini MMS 2 later, house in Mumbai first |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MAH-MUM-sunny-leone-ragini-mms-2-later-house-in-mumbai-first-3669421.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103105549/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MAH-MUM-sunny-leone-ragini-mms-2-later-house-in-mumbai-first-3669421.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-triple-treat-sunny-leone-will-have-three-releases-within-the-next-six-months-1917049 Triple treat! Sunny Leone will have three releases within the next six months – Entertainment – DNA]</ref><ref name="rta2">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone RTA PSA to Debut at AVN Awards |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/33070.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2009-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924025944/http://business.avn.com/articles/33070.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Leone waxay si xoog leh u daneyneysaa caafimaadka iyo jir dhiska waxaana lagu soo bandhigay dhowr waxyaalood oo ku saabsan jirdhiska. Leone waxay qaabeeysay dharka jirdhiska ee loogu talagalay astaanta isboortiga Fantasy Fitness<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090721115016/http://www.fantasyfitness.com/models/sunny-leone.php FantasyFitness.com]</ref> Waxayna la wadaagtay inay jirkeeda ku ilaalineyso qaab iyada oo ka shaqeysa inta ay kari karto inkasta oo ay mashquul badan tahay sida lagu soo xigtay joornaalka ''Man’s Fitness'', "Waxaan isku dayaa inaan cuno caafimaad aad u badan - khudaar fara badan, oo aan caano cabbo maalin kasta."<ref>[http://www.mensfitness.com/advice/hot-women/meet-girl-sunny-leone Adult star Sunny Leone loves playing the field]</ref> In kasta oo ay aad u soo jiidanayso ragga iyo dumar, haddana waxa ay sheegtay in ay ragga ka doorbid badan tahay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss' Sunny Leone is bisexual, but prefers men |url=http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/lifestyle/252006/bigg-boss-sunny-leone-is-bisexual-but-prefers-men/ |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-date=2013-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114054558/http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/lifestyle/252006/bigg-boss-sunny-leone-is-bisexual-but-prefers-men |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sunny Leone waxay xiriir la laheyd majaajiliiste Hindi-Canadian ah oo is-taagay Russell Peters ilaa ay kala tageen 2007.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGXWYomn_6s Comedian Russell Peters Goes Off on Trevor Noah + Names His Top 5 Comedians] YouTube</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone is a real sweetheart: Russell Peters |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sunny-leone-is-a-real-sweetheart-russell-peters/article1-1140756.aspx |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028051006/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sunny-leone-is-a-real-sweetheart-russell-peters/article1-1140756.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Sunny-Leone-dated-comedian-Russell-Peters/articleshow/24928353.cms Sunny Leone dated comedian Russell Peters?]</ref> Leon wuxuu markaa xiriir la lahaa Matt Erikson, oo ah madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka suuq-geynta shirkadda Playboy Enterprises. Ka dib markii ay is qabteen Erikson, waxay kala tageen 2008.<ref name="torostar">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071012213649/http://www.thestar.com/DesiLife/article/265411 Sunny Leone on life as a desi adult star]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunny Leone's ex making moolah off her |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-24/tv/30551502_1_sunny-bigg-boss-house-movies |access-date=2013-10-31 |archive-date=2013-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102051316/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-24/tv/30551502_1_sunny-bigg-boss-house-movies |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/daniel-weber-sunny-leone-bigg-boss-matt-erikson/1/166987.html I want to marry Daniel Weber over and over again: Sunny Leone]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111224103536/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Sunny-Leone-s-ex-cashes-in-on-her-fame/Article1-786520.aspx Sunny Leone's ex cashes in on her fame]</ref> Waxay ku sheegtay wareysiga bilowgii 2011 inay guursatay Daniel Weber, oo ah jilaa Mareykan ah, soo saare, iyo ganacsade.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=EXCLUSIVE: Sunny Leone Talks The Virginity Hit |url=http://www.movieweb.com/news/exclusive-sunny-leone-talks-the-virginity-hit |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122200815/http://www.movieweb.com/news/exclusive-sunny-leone-talks-the-virginity-hit |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sunny-leone-s-husband-daniel-weber-also-a-porn-star-will-now-make-his-bollywood-debut-in-wife-s-jackpot-1874643 Sunny Leone's husband Daniel Weber, will now make his Bollywood debut in wife's 'Jackpot']</ref> Intii ay joogtay guriga ''Bigg Boss'' dabayaaqadii isla sanadkaas, Leone waxay muujisay inay guursatay; Leone waxay sheegtay inay si ula kac ah u soo daahday cashadoodii ugu horeysay ee ay wada qaataan maadaama aysan la dhicin, laakiin wuxuu badalay fikirkeeda kadib markii uu 24 ubax u diray qolkeeda hoteelka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunny Leone breaks hearts by getting 'married' in Bigg Boss house |url=http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/entertainment/254769/sunny-leone-breaks-hearts-by-getting-married-in-bigg-boss-house/ |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-date=2013-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192757/http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/entertainment/254769/sunny-leone-breaks-hearts-by-getting-married-in-bigg-boss-house |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://businessofcinema.com/news/sunny-leones-husband-proud-bollywood-debut/ Sunny Leone's Husband: Proud Of Her Bollywood Debut]</ref> Maqaal 2008 todobaadle ah oo lagu magacaabo ''Eye Weekly'' 2008 ayaa lagu sheegay in "Leone ay ku dadaaleyso sidii ay u ilaalin lahayd isku xirnaanshaha dhaqamada Sikh, xitaa haddii aragti ahaan ay ka badato ficil ahaan. Laakiin uma badna inay diidi doonto waddadeeda shaqadeeda diin darteed" iyo in Leone ay tiri "Gabdhaha way ka tegi doonaan  warshadaha oo sheeganaya inay heleen Ilaah, waa hagaag, xaqiiqda ayaa ah in Ilaah had iyo jeer la joogo iyaga waqtiga oo dhan. "<ref name="EyeWeekly">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110710213113/http://www.eyeweekly.com/scrollingeye/article/32910 Sunny Leone's America]</ref> Wareysi ay bixisay 2010 ayay ku tiri:<blockquote>Waa diin ku saleysan bulshada. Waxaad ku dhex socotaa macbud waxaana lagugu salaamayaa si xushmad leh ... Laakiin, sida diin kasta oo kale ma rabto inaad toogato waxyaabaha qaangaarka ah.  Waxaan ula jeedaa, waxaan ku soo koray tagitaanka macbudka Axad walba.  Markii ay waalidkay ogaadeen waxay garanayeen shakhsiyaddayda oo ahayd mid aad u madax bannaan. Xitaa haddii ay isku dayaan inay i joojiyaan ama ay isku dayaan inay wadada saxda ah ii wadaan waxay luminayaan gabadhooda.  Aad baan u madax adag ahay.  Mana ahayn qorshe. Waxay uun dhacday oo xirfadayda iyo wax walbana way sii weynaanayeen.</blockquote> === Guurka iyo qoyska === [[File:Sunny_Leone_&_Daniel_Weber_graces_Vogue_Beauty_Awards_2017.jpg|right|thumb|Leone iyo ninkeeda Daniel Weber oo ku sugnaa [[Vogue]] Beauty Awards ee 2017]] Bishii Luulyo 2017, Leone iyo ninkeeda Daniel Weber waxay ilmahoodii ugu horreeyay ka korsadeen Latur, tuulo ku taal Maharashtra. Gabadha yar ee ay u bixisay Nisha Kaur Weber, waxay jirtay 21 bilood markii la korsanayay.  Aktarada Sherlyn Chopra ayaa markii ugu horeysay xaqiijisay warkan iyada oo ku qortay fariin hambalyo ah baraha bulshada 20kii July 2017. "Waligey nolosheyda kuma aanan fikirin inaan doonayo inaan korsado cunug. Dadka howlahan cajiibka ah ka qabanaya xarunta agoonta ayaa maskaxdayda badalay," Daniel  Weber ayaa u sheegay ''Hindustan Times''.<ref name="NDTV">[http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sunny-leone-and-husband-daniel-weber-adopt-baby-girl-1727387 Sunny Leone And Husband Daniel Weber Adopt Baby Girl]</ref><ref name="The Indian Express">[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sunny-leone-and-daniel-weber-adopt-daughter-nisha-confirmed-see-photos-4761395/ Sunny Leone and Daniel Weber adopt baby girl, see first photos of Nisha Kaur Weber]</ref><ref name="TOI">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sunny-leone-adopts-baby-girl-nisha/articleshow/59692469.cms Sunny Leone and husband Daniel Weber adopts baby girl Nisha]</ref><ref name="Firstpost">[http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sunny-leone-daniel-weber-adopt-baby-girl-from-latur-name-her-nisha-kaur-weber-3839393.html Sunny Leone, Daniel Weber adopt baby girl from Latur, name her Nisha Kaur Weber]</ref> Bishii Maarso 4, 2018, Sunny Leone iyo ninkeeda ayaa ku dhawaaqay dhalashada wiilashooda mataanaha ah, oo ku dhashay qaan-gaar.  Waxay u bixiyeen wiilasha Asher Singh Weber iyo Noah Singh Weber.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone announces birth of twins, tweets about it |url=http://bombaytimes.com/celebs/sunny-leone-and-daniel-weber-become-parents-for-the-second-time/articleshow/63167458.cms |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2018-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307151923/http://www.bombaytimes.com/celebs/sunny-leone-and-daniel-weber-become-parents-for-the-second-time/articleshow/63167458.cms |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone and Daniel Weber become parents for the second time |url=http://bombaytimes.com/celebs/sunny-leone-and-daniel-weber-become-parents-for-the-second-time/articleshow/63167458.cms |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2018-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307151923/http://www.bombaytimes.com/celebs/sunny-leone-and-daniel-weber-become-parents-for-the-second-time/articleshow/63167458.cms |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Leone waxay ku nooshahay Mumbai, Maharashtra.  Waxay u guurtay gurigooda cusub iyada iyo ninkeeda Weber iyo caruurteeda Ganesh Chaturthi oo dhacday Sebtember 13, 2018.<ref name="NDTVGaneshChaturthi">[https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ganesh-chaturthi-2018-sunny-leone-and-husband-daniel-weber-celebrate-by-moving-into-new-home-1915997 Ganesh Chaturthi 2018: Sunny Leone And Husband Daniel Weber Celebrate By Moving Into New Home]</ref> == Tixraacyada == <references /> [[Category:Atariisho Hindida filimada galmada]] [[Category:Dad nool]] noi3gylg24uctz7m4m65o0izebmxvah 10 33765 307379 291641 2026-09-07T18:01:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 307379 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{| </noinclude>{{#invoke:Infobox election|row}}<noinclude> |}</noinclude><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> qiv5loo4ugslc409tkl1myfdt51bain 0 36684 307446 238722 2026-09-07T21:15:58Z Soalt 39618 sawiro iyo template:cunto 307446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muufo''' waa cunto laga sameeyo [[galley]] la shiiday ama cajiin. Sidoo kale waxaa laga sameeyaa masago, halka qurbaha laga sameeyo iyo khamiiriso leesku daray. <gallery mode="packed"> File:Nablus souq pita 118 - Aug 2011.jpg|Muufo lagu iibinaayo suuq ku jiro Nablus, Filistiin File:Palestinianbreakfastfalafel.jpg|Quraac carab File:Baked pita on conveyor belt in Tell Rifaat.jpg|Muufo la sameynaayo </gallery> {{cunto}} juhxafmw8osfv8g7tpdaduqlnbg4g7j 10 36876 307462 240707 2026-09-07T21:49:31Z Soalt 39618 calanka tansaniya ka tiray 307462 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="toccolours" |- | ! width="100%" bgcolor="lightsteelblue" style="text-align: center;" | '''Liiska wadamada Galbeedka Aasiya''' | |- | colspan="3" align="center" | [[Armania]] | [[Aserbiijaan]] | [[Baxrayn]] | [[Qabrus]] | [[Masar]] | [[Georgia]] | [[Iiraan]] | [[Ciraaq]] | [[Urdun]] | [[Kuwayt]] | [[Lubnaan]] | [[Cumaan]] | [[Falastiin]] | [[Qatar]] | [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] | [[Suuriya]] | [[Turkiga]] | [[Imaaraadka Carabta]] | [[Yemen]] |} etrtu6r670vejdl4nn8iqwep62cgqfc 0 36928 307464 305898 2026-09-07T21:56:09Z Soalt 39618 Template:Dalalka Afrika 307464 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soomaaliya''', sida rasmiga ah Jamhuuriyadda '''Federaalka Soomaaliya''' waa dalka bari ee qaaradda Afrika . Waxay ku fidsan tahay Geeska Afrika , waxay xad la wadaagtaa [[Itoobiya]] galbeed, [[Jabuuti]] waqooyi galbeed, [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed oo waqooyi, iyo bari [[badweynta Hindiya]] . Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika. Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 18.1 milyan, kuwaas oo 2.7 milyan ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee [[Muqdisho]] . Mid ka mid ah wadamada Afrika ee isku isir ahaan isku hayb ah, ku dhawaad ​​85% dadka Soomaaliya deggan waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah . Luuqadaha rasmiga ah ee dalka waa [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaali]] iyo [[carabi]] in kastoo [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaaligu]] yahay luuqadda koowaad . Soomaaliya waxay xiriir taariikhi ah iyo mid diimeed la leedahay dalalka Carabta . Dadku waa muslimiin , oo raacsan laanta sunniga . {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Somalia | common_name = Somalia | native_name = {{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya}}<br />{{native name|ar|جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية|italics=off}}<br /> Jumhūriyah aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fīdirāliyah | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | coa_size = 100 | languages2_type = Luuqada labaad | languages2 = [[Carabi]] | national_anthem = {{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]}}<br /><br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Somalia_svg_map.svg|frameless]]<br />{{Legend|#336830|Dhulka gacanta lagu hayo}}{{Legend|#61E760|[[Somaliland|Dhul sheegta balse aan la xakameyn]]}}|Show globe|[[File:Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Show map of Somalia|default=1}} | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Muqdisho]] | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] <ref name=MFA>{{cite web|url=https://web.mfa.gov.so/the-government/|title=The Government|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=Ali>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Maryan|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa|editor1-first=Esther Mukewa|editor1-last=Lisanza|editor2-first=Leonard|editor2-last=Muaka|chapter=Language Policy in Somaliland and Somalia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|year=2024|isbn=9783031573071|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_24|pages=511–524}}</ref><ref name="factbook">{{cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |date=10 November 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125103534/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | religion = [[Islaam|Sunni Islaam]] (Rasmiga ah)<ref name="factbook"/> <!-- check factbook references before changing! --> | demonym = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] <ref name="factbook"/> | government_type = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda baarlamaanka Federal]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] | leader_title2 = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]] | legislature = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Aqalka Sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Guurtida]] | lower_house = Golaha Shacabka | sovereignty_type =Dhisidda | established_event1 = [[Dhul Udug]] | established_date1 = 2350 BC | established_event2 = [[Macrobians|Macrobia]] | established_date2 = 980 BC | established_event3 = [[Barbaria (region)|Barbaria]] | established_date3 = 100 BC | established_event4 = [[Saldanadii Cadal]] | established_date4 = Qarniga 9aad <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ |title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho |date=1969 |publisher=International African Institute |pages=140 |language=en}}</ref> | established_event5 = [[Muqdisho|Saldanadii Muqdisho]] | established_date5 = Qarniga 10aad | established_event6 = [[Saldanadi Ifat]] | established_date6 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event7 = [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]] | established_date7 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event8 = [[Hiraab|Hiraab Imamate]] | established_date8 = Qarniga 16aad | established_event9 = [[Geledi|Saldanadii Geledi]] | established_date9 = 1695–1911 | established_event10 = [[ Majeerteen |Saldanadii Majeerteen]] | established_date10 = 1648–1927 | established_event11 = [[Hobyo|Saldanadii Hobyo]] | established_date11 = 1878–1927 | established_event12 = [[Isimtooyada Isaaq|Saldanadii isaaq]] | established_date12 = 1749–1884 | established_event13 = [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] | established_date13 = 1884 | established_event14 = [[Mustacmarka Talyaani Soomaaliya|Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga]] | established_date14 = 1889 | established_event15 = [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Soomaaliya|Xorriyadda]] iyo midowga la leh [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlada Somaliland]] | established_date15 = 1 July 1960 | established_event16 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date16 = 1 Ogosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657<ref name="factbook"/> | area_rank = 43aad <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 19,280,850<ref name="data.humdata.org">{{Cite web |title=OCHA Somalia - Subnational Population Statistics |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ps-som}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 66aad | population_density_km2 = 27.2<ref name="WPP_2022">{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|title=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects |edition=online |publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|website=population.un.org|access-date=16 July 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $34.118 bilyan<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Somalia – IMF DataMapper |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/SOM |website=imf.org |publisher=[[IMF]] |date=April 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_rank = 147aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,965<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $14.174 bilyan<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_rank = 145aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $813<ref name="auto"/> | Gini = 36.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|archive-date=17 Bisha Todobaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only-->0.404 | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 192aad | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali|Soomaali shillin]] | currency_code = SOS | time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]: 85% * [[Tirakoobka daljoogaha Soomaaliya|Kuwa kale ]]: 15% }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="factbook"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3QwAQAAIAAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho|date=1998|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0|language=en}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 }} Waagii hore, Soomaaliya waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi oo muhiim ah. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii dhexe, dhowr boqortooyo oo xoog badan ayaa ka talinayay ganacsiga gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Suldaanka Ajuran]] , [[Adal Sultanate]] , iyo Suldaanka Geledi . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, suldaanadii Soomaaliyeed waxa gumaystay boqortooyadii [[Talyaaniga]] iyo [[Ingiriiska]] kuwaas oo dhammaan dhulalkaas qabyaaladda isugu daray laba gumaysi oo kala ah : Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] . 1960kii, labada dhul ayaa midoobay si ay u dhistaan ​​Jamhuuriyad Soomaaliyeed oo madax bannaan oo hoos timaada dowlad rayid ah. Siyaad Barre oo ka tirsanaa Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC) ayaa xukunka la wareegay 1969-kii, wuxuuna aasaasay [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga]] ahayd ee Soomaaliya , isagoo isku dayay inuu si naxariis darro ah u burburiyo Dagaalkii Madax-bannaanida [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] ee waqooyiga dalka. SRC waxay burburtay 1991 markii uu bilaabmay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya . Dawladdii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Soomaaliya (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay 2000, ka dibna waxaa la dhisay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee Soomaaliya (TFG) 2004tii, taasoo dib u soo celisay ciidamadii qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya . Dhamaadkii 2006dii, duullaan ay Xabashida Maraykanku dabada ka riixayeen ayaa afgambiyay Maxkamadihii Islaamiga ahaa (ICU), taasoo keentay in ay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee [[Muqdisho]] ka dhisto Muqdisho oo ay ciidammada Itoobiya qabsadeen . Kacdoonkii xigay ee soo shaac baxay ayaa maxaakiimta u kala jabay jabhado kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto kooxda xagjirka ah ee [[al-Shabaab]] , kuwaas oo dagaal daba dheeraaday kula jiray ciidamada Itoobiya. Al-Shabaab waxay markiiba bilawday inay xaqiijiso in ay ka talinayso dhuleed markii ugu horaysay, iyadoo dabayaaqadii 2008 ay jabhadu ka saartay ciidamada Itoobiya inta badan Soomaaliya. Sannadkii 2009, dawlad cusub oo TFG ah ayaa la dhisay. Bartamihii 2012, al-Shabaab waxay lumisay inta badan dhulalkeeda intii ay socdeen dagaalladii ka dhanka ahaa TFG iyo [[ciidamada Midowga Afrika]] . Isla sanadkaas, al-Shabaab waxay ballan-qaadday inay la midoobayaan al-Qaacida . Muqaawamada ayaa weli gacanta ku haysa inta badan bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya, waxayna saameyn ku leeyihiin meelaha ay dowladdu maamusho, iyadoo magaalada Jilib ay u tahay caasimadda u ah fallaagada. Dastuur cusub oo ku meel gaar ah ayaa la ansixiyay Agoosto 2012, dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay Soomaaliya sida federaal . Isla bishaas, waxaa la dhisay Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya , waxaana dib u dhis lagu sameeyay Muqdisho. Soomaaliya waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu horumarsan caalamka, waxaana daliil u ah sida ay u qiimeeyeen mitirka mitirka sida GDP qofkiiba iyo halka ay ku dhowdahay halka ugu hooseysa ee Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha , waxa ay ka sareysaa oo kaliya Koonfurta Suudaan . Waxay ilaalisay dhaqaale aan rasmi ahayn oo inta badan ku salaysan xoolaha nool, xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee dibadda ka shaqeeya iyo isgaarsiinta. Waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay , [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] , Midowga Afrika , Dhaqdhaqaaq aan Isbahaysi ahayn , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , iyo Ururka [[Islaam|Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Asalka erayga== Samaale, oo ah awoowaha ugu da'da weyn dhowr qabiil oo Soomaaliyeed, ayaa guud ahaan loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay halka uu ka soo jeedo magaca Soomaali. Aragti kale ayaa ah in magaca loo haysto inuu ka soo jeedo ereyada "soo" iyo "maal", kuwaas oo marka la isu geeyo macnahoodu yahay "tag" iyo "caano". Fasiraaddani way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran gobolka, iyadoo Soomaalida waqooyi ay tilmaamayso inay ula jeedaan "tag iyo caano" oo la xiriira caanaha geela, halka Soomaalida koonfureed ay adeegsadaan tarjumaadda "sa' maal" oo tilmaamaysa caanaha lo'da. Tani waxay tilmaan u tahay xoolo-dhaqatada meel walba leh ee dadka Soomaaliyeed. Aragtiyo kale ayaa soo jeedinaya in ereyga Soomaali uu ka yimid erey Carabi ah oo macnihiisu yahay "hodan", taas oo mar kale tilmaamaysa hodantinimada Soomaalida ee xoolaha. Taa beddelkeeda, magaca Soomaaliga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka yimid Automoli (Asmach), oo ahayd koox dagaalyahanno ah oo ka timid Masar hore, kuwaas oo uu ku tilmaamay Herodotus. Asmach waxaa loo maleynayaa inuu ahaa magacooda Masaariga, halka Automoli uu yahay asal Giriig ah oo ka yimid ereyga Cibraaniga ah ee S'mali (macnaha "dhinaca bidixda"). Dukumeenti Shiinees ah oo laga soo xigtay qarnigii 9-aad Miilaadiga ayaa tilmaamaya xeebaha waqooyiga Soomaaliya, oo markaas ka mid ahaa gobolka ballaaran ee Waqooyi-bari Afrika ee loo yaqaan Barbaria, iyada oo loola jeedo dadka deggan Barbars (Kuushitik) ee deegaanka, sida Po-pa-li. Tixraac qoraaleedkii ugu horreeyay ee cad ee magaca Soomaalida wuxuu soo bilaabmay horraantii qarnigii 15-aad Miilaadiga xilligii boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Isxaaq I, kaas oo mid ka mid ah saraakiisha maxkamaddiisu qoray hees uu ugu dabaaldegayo guushii milatari ee ay ka gaareen Saldanadda Ifat. Simur wuxuu kaloo ahaa magac Harari qadiimi ah oo loogu yeeri jiray dadka Soomaaliyeed. Soomaalidu waxay si weyn u door bidaan ereyga "Soomaali" marka loo eego "Soomaaliga", maadaama kan hore uu yahay halqabsi, halka kan dambe uu yahay qaab laba-jibbaaran ah. Ereyga af-Soomaaliga marka laga eego juqraafi-siyaasadeed ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa dadka Horn of Africa, kuwaas oo ka tirsan qowmiyadda Kuush. ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda ka hor=== [[File:Laas Geel single cow.jpg|thumb|Farshaxanka Neolithic ee dhismaha Laas Geel oo muujinaya sac gees-dheer]] Soomaaliya waxay u badan tahay inay ka mid ahayd dhulkii ugu horreeyay ee ay dageen bini'aadam hore, iyadoo loo eegayo meesha ay ku taal. Ugaarsadayaasha oo hadhow Afrika ka haajiray waxay u badan tahay inay halkan degeen ka hor intaanay guurin. Intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa, dhaqamada Dooyan iyo reer Hargeysa ayaa halkan ku soo barbaaray. Caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee caadooyinka aaska Geeska Afrika waxay ka timid qabuuraha Soomaaliya ilaa qarnigii 4aad ee BC. Qalabka dhagaxa ah ee laga soo qaaday goobta Jaleelo ee waqooyiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay 1909 inay yihiin farshaxanno muhiim ah oo muujinaya caalimnimada qadiimiga ah inta lagu jiro Paleolithic ee u dhexeeya Bariga iyo Galbeedka. Sida laga soo xigtay khubarada afafka, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka intii lagu jiray xilligii Neolithic ee xigay oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay ("Dhulka asalka ah") ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow . Dhismaha Laas -geel oo ku yaalla duleedka magaalada Hargeysa ee Waqooyi-galbeed Soomaaliya ayaa soo jirtay qiyaastii 5,000 oo sano, waxaana ku yaalla farshaxanno dhagax ah oo muujinaya xayawaanka duur-joogta ah iyo lo'da la qurxiyay. Sawirro kale oo godad ah ayaa laga helay gobolka Dhambalin ee woqooyiga , kaas oo ka muuqda mid ka mid ah sawirradii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan ugaarsiga fardaha. Farshaxanka dhagaxa waxa uu taariikhdiisu ahayd 1,000 ilaa 3,000 BCE. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka Laas-Khorey iyo Ceel Ayo ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya waxaa ku taal Karinhegane , oo ah goobta lagu sawiray godad fara badan, kuwaas oo wadar ahaan lagu qiyaasay ilaa 2,500 oo sano Geela waxa la rumaysan yahay in uu ku dhaqmi jiray gobolka Geeska intii u dhaxaysay qarnigii 2aad iyo 3aad ee BC. Halkaa waxa ay ku fiday Masar iyo Maghrib . ===Waagii qadiimiga iyo qadiimiga ahaa=== [[File:Men from Punt Carrying Gifts, Tomb of Rekhmire MET 30.4.152 EGDP013029.jpg|thumb|Rag reer Punt ah oo sita hadiyado, Qabriga Rekhmire .]] Dhismayaasha Ahraamta qadiimiga ah , Mowlacyo , magaalooyin burburay iyo gidaaryo dhagax ah, sida darbigii Wargade , waxay daliil u yihiin ilbaxnimo hore oo ka hanaqaadi jirtay gayiga Soomaaliyeed. Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku naaloonaysay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd Masar hore iyo Giriiggii Mycenaean tan iyo qarnigii labaad ee BC . Puntites oo u dhashay gobolka waxay ka ganacsan jireen malmalka , xawaashka, dahabka, eboniga, lo'da gees-gaaban, fool-maroodi iyo fooxa oo ay la socdeen Masaarida, Finiisiyaanka, Baabiliyiinta, Hindida, Shiinaha iyo Roomaanka iyaga oo u maraya dekedahooda ganacsi. Duulaan Masri ah oo ay u soo dirtay boqortooyadii 18-aad ee boqorad Hatshepsut ayaa lagu duubay macbudka Deir el-Bahari , xilligii boqortooyadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo Queen Ati. Waagii qadiimiga ahaa , Macrobiyaanka , oo laga yaabo in ay awoow u ahaayeen Soomaalida, ayaa aasaasay boqortooyo awood leh oo ka talinaysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Soomaaliya casriga ah. Waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray cimrigooda iyo maalkooda, waxaana la sheegay inay ahaayeen kuwa ugu dheer oo ugu quruxda badan ragga oo dhan. Macrobiyadu waxay ahaayeen dagaalyahanno xoolo-dhaqato ah iyo badmaaxayaal. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Herodotus, Imbaraadoorkii Faaris Cambyses II , markii uu qabsaday Masar 525 BC, wuxuu u diray safiirro Macrobia, isagoo u keenay hadiyado qaali ah boqorka Macrobiya si uu u soo gudbiyo. Hogaamiyihii Macrobiya oo lagu doortay dhererkiisa iyo quruxdiisa, waxa uu taa beddelkeeda kaga jawaabay loolan uu dhiggiisa Beershiya uga dhigay qaanso aan xidhnayn: haddii Faaris ay awoodaan in ay sawiraan, waxa ay xaq u yeelan lahaayeen in ay dalkiisa ku soo duulaan; laakiin ilaa iyo markaas, waa in ay u mahad naqayaa ilaahyada in Macrobians waligood go'aansan in ay ku duulaan boqortooyadooda. Macrobians-ku waxay ahaayeen awood gobol oo lagu asteeyay qaab-dhismeedkooda horumarsan iyo hantidooda dahabka ah , taas oo aad u badan oo ay maxaabiistooda ku xidheen silsilado dahab ah. Inta lagu jiro xilliga qadiimiga ah, gobollada Barbara ee Mosylon , Opone , Mundus , Isis , Malao , Avalites , Essina , Nikon iyo Sarapion waxay sameeyeen shabakad ganacsi oo faa'iido leh, oo ku xiran ganacsato ka timid Ptolemaic Masar , Giriiggii hore , Fenisiya , Parthian Persian , Boqortooyadii Roomaanka , Boqortooyada Saban , Nabata . Waxay isticmaali jireen markabkii qadiimiga ahaa ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaanay beden si ay shixnadooda u daabulaan. [[File:Beden.jpg|thumb|Beden waa mid dheereeya, oo qadiimi ah markab badeed keligiis ah ama laba-jibbaaran.]] Ka dib qabsashadii Roomaanku ee Boqortooyadii Nabataean iyo joogitaankii ciidamada badda ee Roomaanka ee Cadan si ay u xakameeyaan budhcad-badeedda, ganacsato Carbeed iyo Soomaali ah waxay ku heshiiyeen Roomaanku in maraakiibta Hindiya laga mamnuuco inay ka ganacsadaan magaalooyinka dekedaha xorta ah ee Jasiiradda Carabta si loo ilaaliyo danaha ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ee ganacsiga faa'iidada badan leh ee u dhexeeya badaha Cas iyo Mediterranean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay sii wadeen ganacsiga magaalooyinka dekedaha ah ee jasiiradda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo ka madax bannaan faragelinta Roomaanka. Qarniyo badan, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay Soomaaliya iyo Carabta u keeni jireen tiro badan oo qorfe ah Ceylon iyo Jasiiradaha Spice . Meesha laga helo qorfaha iyo xawaashka kale waxa la sheegaa in ay ahayd sirta ugu fiican ee ay ka heli jireen ganacsatadii Carabta iyo Soomaalida ee ka ganacsan jiray Rome iyo Giriigga; Roomaanka iyo Giriiggu waxay rumaysnaayeen in isha laga soo xigtay ay ahayd jasiiradda Soomaalida. Heshiiskii wada shaqayneed ee dhexmaray ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ayaa sicir barar ku keenay qiimaha qorfaha Hindiya iyo Shiinaha ee Waqooyiga Afrika, Bariga dhow iyo Yurub, wuxuuna ganacsiga qorfaha ka dhigay mid dakhli abuur ah oo faa'iido badan leh, gaar ahaan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed. ===Dhalashada Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe=== [[File:Silk route.jpg|thumb|Waddada xariirta oo ku fidsan Shiinaha ilaa koonfurta Yurub, Carabta, Soomaaliya, Masar, Faaris, Hindiya, iyo Java]] Islamka waxa deegaanka soo galiyay horraantii muslimiintii ugu horaysay ee ka soo carartay dacwooyinkii xiijii ugu horaysay iyada oo Masjid al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laga dhisay ka hor inta aanu Qiblada u socon dhanka Maka . Waa mid ka mid ah masaajidda ugu faca weyn Afrika. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi waxa uu qoray in Muslimiintu ay ku noolaayeen hareeraha badda woqooyi ee Soomaaliya. Waxa kale oo uu xusay in Boqortooyada Adal ay caasimad u ahayd magaalada. Sida uu qabo Leo Africanus , Adal Sultanate waxa maamuli jiray boqortooyo Soomaaliyeed oo deegaanka ah , dhulkeeduna waxa uu ka koobnaa dhulka juqraafi ahaan u dhexeeya Bab el Mandeb iyo Gacanka Gardafuu. Sidaas waxaa dhanka koonfureed uga xigay Boqortooyadii Ajuuraan , dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xigay Boqortooyadii Xabashida . Qarniyadii dhexe oo dhan waxa Somaliland yimi dad Carbeed, waayo-aragnimo taariikhi ah oo hadhow horseedi doonta sheekooyinka halyeyga ah ee sheekhyadii Muslimiinta sida Daarood iyo Isxaaq Binu Axmed (oo la sheegay in ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha Daarood iyo Isaaq , siday u kala horreeyaan) iyaga oo ka soo socdaalay Carabta una socdaalay Soomaaliya kuna guursaday qabiilka Dir ee deegaanka . Sannadkii 1332-kii, Boqorkii Adal ee Saylac ahaa ayaa lagu dilay olole millatari oo ujeedkiisu ahaa in la hakiyo socodkii ay magaalada ku soo jeedday Amda Seyon 1aad ee Xabashida. Markii Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Ifat, Sacad Ad-Diin II, lagu dilay Saylac 1410 , caruurtiisii ​​waxay u baxsadeen Yaman, ka hor intaysan ku soo laaban 1415 . II, oo saldhig cusub ka samaystay Yemen ka dib [[File:Imaam Ahmed Gurey.jpg|thumb|Taalada Axmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , Imaamkii Boqortooyada Adal]] Xarunteedii Adal ayaa mar kale loo raray qarnigii xigay, markan dhanka koonfureed waxa loo raray Harar . Caasimaddan cusub, Adal waxa uu abaabulay ciidan wax ku ool ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , (Ahmad "Gurey" ama "Gran"; labaduba waxay ka dhigan yihiin "gacanta bidix") iyo Jeneraalka ugu dhow dhow iyo seedigii Garaad Mataan . Qabiilka Imaam Axmed waxaa la caddeeyey inay ka soo jeedaan Geri Koombe , oo ah jifada Daarood. Ololahan qarniga 16-aad waxaa taariikh ahaan loo yaqaanaa Gumeysiga Xabashida ( Futuh al-Habash). Intii uu dagaalka socday, Imaam Axmad waxa uu hormood u noqday adeegsiga madfac ay ka heli jirtay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, kuwaas oo uu ka soo waariday Saylac oo uu ku soo daad-gureeyey ciidamadii Xabashida iyo xulafadooda Bortuqiisku ee uu hoggaaminayay Cristovão da Gama . Xilligii Ajuuraan Saldanada , magaalooyinka iyo jamhuuriyadaha Marka , Muqdisho , Baraawa , Hobyo iyo dekedooda waxay lahaayeen ganacsi faa'iido badan oo shisheeye ah oo ay ka heli jireen maraakiib u kala goosha dalalka Carabta, Hindiya, Venetia , Paris, Masar, Portugal iyo ilaa Shiinaha. Vasco da Gama , oo soo maray Muqdisho qarnigii 15-aad, ayaa xusay inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo ay ku yaallaan dhowr dabaq oo dhaadheer iyo daaro waaweyn oo ku yaalla bartamaha magaalada, iyadoo ay u dheer tahay masaajidyo badan oo leh minaarado cylindrical ah. Harla , oo ah koox hore oo Hamitic ah oo dhererkeedu dheeraa oo degi jiray qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya, Tchertcher iyo meelo kale oo Geeska ah, waxay sidoo kale dhiseen tuuli kala duwan . Dhagarqabayaashan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay awoow u ahaayeen qowmiyadaha Soomaalida. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|[[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Ajuran Sultanate]] waxa ay sii waday xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd boqortooyadii Ming iyo boqortooyooyinkii kale.]] Qarnigii 16-aad, Duarte Barboosa waxa uu xusay in maraakiib badan oo ka timid Boqortooyadii Cambaya ee waqtigan casriga ah ee Hindiya ay u shiraacdeen Muqdisho iyagoo wata maryo iyo xawaash, taas beddelkeedana ay heleen dahab, dhux iyo fool maroodi. Barbosa waxa kale oo ay iftiimisay hilibka, sarreenka, shaciga, fardaha iyo khudaarta ee suuqyada xeebaha, kuwaas oo ganacsatadu ka soo saarteen hanti aad u badan. Muqdisho, oo ah xarunta warshadaha dharka ee kobcaya ee loo yaqaan toob benadir ( oo ku takhasusay suuqyada Masar, iyo meelo kale , oo ay weheliyaan Merca iyo Barawa, waxay sidoo kale u ahayd meel ay ku sii maraan ganacsatada Sawaaxiliga ee Mombasa iyo Malindi iyo ganacsiga dahabka ee Kilwa . Ganacsato Yuhuudi ah oo ka timid Hormuz waxay keeneen dharkoodii Hindida iyo miraha badda Soomaaliya si ay ugu beddelaan hadhuudh iyo alwaax. Xiriirka ganacsiga waxaa la aasaasay Malacca qarnigii 15aad, oo leh maro, ambergris iyo porcelain oo ah badeecadaha ugu muhiimsan ee ganacsiga. Geri, zebras iyo fooxa ayaa loo dhoofin jiray Boqortooyadii Ming ee Shiinaha, taasoo ka dhigtay ganacsatada Soomaalida inay hormuud ka noqdaan ganacsiga u dhexeeya Bariga Aasiya iyo Geeska. Ganacsato Hinduuga ah oo ka soo jeeda Surat iyo ganacsatada Koonfur-bari Afrikaanka ee Pate , iyagoo doonaya inay ka gudbaan labada go'doominta Boortaqiiska ee Hindiya (iyo markii dambe faragelintii Cumaan), waxay adeegsadeen dekedaha Soomaaliya ee Merca iyo Barawa (kuwaas oo ka baxsan xukunka tooska ah ee labada awoodood) si ay ganacsigooda ugu sameeyaan ammaan iyo faragelin la'aan. ===Waagii hore ee casriga ah iyo u halgamidda Afrika=== [[File:Mogadishu1936.jpg|thumb|magaalada Muqdisho ee xarunta dalka Talyaaniga ayaa waxaa ku yaalla xarunta kaniisada Kathedral-ka ee Catholic-ga iyo taallada weyn ee lagu maamuusayo Boqor Umberto I ee Talyaaniga.]] Waagii hore ee casriga ahaa , dawladihii bedeli lahaa Adal Sultanate iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka koraan Soomaaliya. Waxaa ka mid ahaa Imaamyadii Hiraab , Suldaan Isaaq oo uu hoggaaminayay reer Guuleed , Suldaankii Habr Yuunis oo uu hoggaaminayey reer Caynaanshe , Suldaankii Geledi (Boqortooyadii Gobroon), Saldanada Majeerteen (Migiurtinia), iyo Saldanadda Hobyo . Waxay sii wateen dhaqankii qalcado-dhisidda iyo ganacsiga badda mara ee ay aasaaseen boqortooyooyinkii hore ee Soomaaliya. Suldaan Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim oo ahaa Suldaankii Sadexaad ee Golaha Deegaanka Gobroon ayaa Bilaabay Taariikhdii dahabiga ahayd ee Boqortooyadii Gobroon. Ciidankiisu waxay guulo ka soo hoyeen Jihaadka Baardheere, kaasoo dib u soo celiyay xasiloonidii Gobolka, dib u soo nooleeyay ganacsigii fool-maroodiga ee Bariga Afrika . Waxa kale oo uu lahaa xidhiidh wanaagsan oo uu hadiyado ka heli jiray saldanada boqortooyooyinka dariska iyo kuwa fog sida Cumaan, Witu iyo salaadiinta Yemen. Inankii Suldaan Ibraahim Axmed Yuusuf waxa uu ku beddelay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadkii ugu muhiimsanaa ee qarnigii 19-aad ee Bariga Afrika, isaga oo ka heli jiray abaal-marinno guddoomiyeyaasha Cumaan, isla markaana abuuray isbahaysi qoysas Muslimiin ah oo muhiim ah oo ku nool xeebaha Bariga Afrika Somaliland waxa la aas aasay Suldaanka Isaaq 1750. Suldaanka Isaaq waxa uu ahaa boqortooyo Somaliyeed oo ka talinaysay qaybo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Waxay ku teedsantay dhulka beesha Isaaq , oo ka soo farcamay qabiilka Banu Haashim , ee Somaliland iyo Itoobiya maanta. Suldaanka waxaa maamuli jiray garabka Rer Guuleed oo uu aasaasay suldaankii ugu horeeyay ee beesha Ciidagale Suldaan Guuleed Cabdi . Sida dhaqanka afka ah lagu sheegay, ka hor reer Guuleed beesha Isaaq waxaa ka talin jiray boqortooyo laanta Toljeclo oo ka soo jeeda reer Axmed oo lagu naanaysi jiray Tol Jeelo, oo ahaa curadkii Sheekh Isxaaq xaaskiisii ​​Harari . Guud ahaan waxa jiray sideed taliye Toljelo ah oo uu ugu horreeyo Boqor Haaruun ( Soomaali : Boqor Haaruun ) oo soo xukumayay Suldaan Isaaq qarniyo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 13aad. Garaad Dhux Barar ( Somali : Dhuux Baraar ) waxaa afgambiyay isbahaysigii beelaha Isaaq. Toljeelo oo berigii hore xoog lahaa way kala firxadeen oo waxay gabaad ka dhigteen Habr Awal oo ay ilaa hadda inta badan la nool yihiin. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, shirkii Berlin ee 1884 ka dib, quwadaha reer Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay u halgamaan Afrika . Sannadkaas, maxmiyad Ingiriis ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya, oo ku taal xeebta Afrika ee ka soo horjeeda Yementa Koonfureed. Bilowgii, gobolkani wuxuu ku hoos jiray xukunka Xafiiska Hindiya, sidaas darteedna loo maamulay qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Hindiya; 1898-kii waxa loo wareejiyay maamulka London. 1889kii, maxmiyaddii iyo gumaysigii Soomaaliya ee Talyaanigu si rasmi ah u aasaasay Talyaanigu iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo kala duwan oo ay la saxeexdeen madax iyo suldaanno badan; Suldaan Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid ayaa markii ugu horreysay codsi u diray Talyaaniga dabayaaqadii Diseembar 1888 si uu Suldaannimadiisa Hobyo uga dhigo maxmiyad Talyaani ah ka hor inta uusan markii dambe saxiixin heshiis 1889 [[File:Hobyo Sultanate Cavalry And Fort.jpg|thumb|Fardooley iyo dhufeyskii Hobyo Sultanate]] Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dervish ayaa si guul leh u celiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska afar jeer waxayna ku qasbeen inay dib ugu noqdaan gobolka xeebta. Daraawiishtu waxay jebisay gumaystihii Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska, Xabashida marar badan, gaar ahaan, guushii 1903-dii ee Cagaarweyne ee uu hoggaaminayey Suleymaan Aaden Galaydh , waxay ku khasabtay Boqortooyadii Ingriiska inay dib ugu gurtaan gobolka xeebta horraantii 1900aadkii. Dervishes ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga adkaaday 1920-kii xoogga hawada Ingiriiska. Bilawgii Faashiistaha horraantii 1920-aadkii waxa ay ku bishaaraysay is-beddelka istiraatijiyadda Talyaanigu, iyadoo suldaannada waqooyi-bari dhawaan lagu khasbi lahaa soohdinta La Grande Somalia (" Soomaali-weyn ") sida uu qorshuhu ahaa Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa. Markii uu yimid Badhasaab Cesare Maria De Vecchi 15-kii December 1923kii, waxa bilaabmay in wax iska beddelaan qayb ka mid ah Somaliland oo loo yaqaanay Italian Somaliland . Dhulkii ugu dambeeyay ee Talyaanigu ka helo Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa Oltre Giuba , gobolka Jubaland ee maanta , 1925. [[File:Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.jpeg|thumb|Taalada Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , Hogaamiyihii Daraawiishta]] Talyaanigu wuxuu bilaabay mashruucyo kaabayaasha deegaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha isbitaallo, beero iyo dugsiyo. Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa , ee Benito Mussolini , wuxuu weeraray Xabashida (Itoobiya) 1935, ujeeddadiisuna ahayd inay gumeysato. Duulaankaas waxaa cambaareeyey Ururka Jimciyadda Quruumaha ka dhaxaysa , balse wax yar lagama qaban sidii loo joojin lahaa ama looga xorayn lahaa gumaysiga Itoobiya. 1936kii, Soomaaliyadii Talyaanigu waxay ku biirtay Bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu , oo ay weheliso Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya, oo ah Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliya . 3-dii Agoosto 1940-kii, ciidamadii Talyaanigu oo ay ku jireen cutubyo ka tirsan gumaystaha Soomaaliya, ayaa ka soo tallaabay Itoobiya si ay u soo galaan Somaliland , 14kii Agoosto, waxay ku guuleysteen inay Berbera ka qabsadaan Ingiriiska. Ciidan Ingiriis ah oo ay ku jiraan ciidamo ka socda dalal badan oo Afrikaan ah ayaa bishii January 1941kii ka bilaabay Kenya ololihii ay ku xorreeyeen British Somaliland iyo Itoobiya oo Talyaanigu gumaysan jiray, una qabsan lahaa Somaliland Talyaani. Bishii Feebarweri inta badan Somaliland Talyaanigu waa la qabsaday, bishii Maarj, Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska waa lagala wareegay badda. Ciidamadii Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska ee ka hawl-gala Somaliland waxay ka koobnaayeen saddex qaybood oo kala ahaa Koonfur Afrika, Galbeedka Afrika iyo Ciidamada Bariga Afrika. Waxa kaalmaynayay ciidammadii Somaliyeed ee uu hogaaminayay C/laahi Xasan iyadoo ay si wayn uga qayb galeen Somalida beesha Isaaq , Dhulbahante iyo Warsangali . Tirada Soomaalida Talyaanigu waxay bilawday inay hoos u dhacdo ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, iyada oo in ka yar 10,000 ay soo hartay 1960. ===Madaxbanaanidii (1960-1969)=== Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Ingiriisku waxa uu sii haystay gacan ku haynta British Somaliland iyo Somaliland Somaliland oo ah maxmiyad. 1945kii, intii lagu jiray shirkii Potsdam , Qaramada Midoobay waxay u oggolaatay Talyaanigu inuu Talyaanigu u dhiibo Talyaani Somaliland inuu noqdo dhul-xakameedka Somaliland , iyadoo shuruud looga dhigay markii ugu horreysay ee ay soo jeediyaan xisbigii SYL iyo ururradii kale ee curdinka ahaa ee siyaasadda Soomaaliya, sida Xizbiya DigilMirifle Soomaali (HDMS) iyo Ururka Qaranka Soomaalida (SNL) — gudaha Soomaaliya ay ku hesho madaxbannaani toban sano gudahood. British Somaliland waxay ahaan jirtay maxmiyad Ingiriiska ilaa 1960 [[File:Chieftains of the Isaaq clan cropped.jpg|thumb|Madaxdii beesha Isaaq oo Hargeysa lagu sawiray 1958 kii markii Duke & Duchess of Gloucester booqasho ku yimaadeen Somaliland.]] Ilaa heer uu Talyaanigu dhulkaas ku haysto amarka Qaramada Midoobay, qodobbada ammaanadu waxay siiyeen Soomaalida fursad ay khibrad ugu yeeshaan waxbarashada siyaasadda reer galbeedka iyo is-xukunka. Waxa ay ahaayeen faa’iidooyin aanay lahayn British Somaliland, oo la rabay in lagu daro dawladnimada cusub ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo 1950-meeyadii saraakiisha gumaystaha Ingiriiska ay isku dayeen, dadaallo horumarineed oo maamul oo kala duwan, si ay uga soo kabtaan dayacaadii hore, maxmiyadku waxa ay fadhiid ku noqotay horumarka maamulka siyaasadda. Farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhul ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo waayo-aragnimada siyaasadeed ayaa hadhow keeni doonta dhibaatooyin culus oo isku dhafan labada qaybood. [[File:Mogadishu city centre - 1960s.jpg|thumb|1963kii oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada Muqdisho]] Dhanka kale, 1948-kii, cadaadis kaga yimid xulafadooda Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Soomaalidana ay aad uga xumaadeen, Ingriisku wuxuu dib u soo celiyay Haud (Dhul daaqsimeed Soomaaliyeed oo muhiim ah oo loo maleynayo inuu ilaalinayay heshiisyadii Ingiriiska uu la galay Soomaalida 1884 iyo 1886) iyo Gobolka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, taasoo ku saleysan heshiis ay saxiixeen 1897-kii oo ay ka soo horjeedaan Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Menelik oo ay suurtagal tahay in Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ay ku beddesho Imbaraadoor. Faransiisku. Ingriiska ayaa ku daray shuruud ah in dadka Soomaalida ah ay sii haysanayaan ismaamulkooda, laakiin Itoobiya ayaa isla markiiba sheegatay inay iyadu leedahay madax-bannaanideeda. Taasi waxay keentay in 1956-kii uu Ingiriisku ku guul darraystay inuu dib u iibsado dhulkii Soomaaliyeed ee uu la wareegay. Ingriisku waxa uu sidoo kale siiyay maamulka ku dhawaad ​​​​Soomaalida ay degto Waqooyiga xudduudaha Waqooyi (NFD) wadaniiyiinta Kenya. Tani waxay ahayd in kasta oo ay raali ka tahay , sida laga soo xigtay guddigii gumaystaha Ingiriiska, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qowmiyadaha Soomaalida ee dhulkaas degganaa waxay door bideen inay ku biiraan Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya ee dhawaan la sameeyay. Waxa sannadkii 1958- kii ka qabsoontay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti (oo loo yaqaannay Faransiiska Somaliland ) sannadkii 1958-kii, maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay sannadkii 1960-kii, si go'aan looga gaadho in lagu biiro Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya iyo in kale iyo inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qoomiyada Canfarta iyo dadka degan Yurub. Waxa kale oo jirtay ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan, iyada oo Faransiisku uu ka eryay kumannaan Soomaali ah ka hor inta aanay aftidu gaadhin goobaha codbixinta. Inta badan dadka 'maya' ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali aad u taageersan inay ku biiraan Soomaaliya oo mid ah, sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi ayaa ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed labo sano kadib. Djibouti ugu dambayntii waxay xornimada ka qaadatay Faransiiska 1977, iyo Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ahaa Soomaali oo u ololaynayey "haa" codbixintii 1976, aakhirkii wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti (1977-1999). [[File:President Aden Adde alongside Prime minister Sharmarke.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Aadan Cadde oo uu weheliyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma’arke oo Salaaddii Ciidda 1964-kii ku Tukaday Masjidka Arbaca Rukun]] 26 June 1960 -kii Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska waxa ay xornimadeeda qaadatay 26 June 1960. 1dii Luulyo 1960kii waxa xornimada qaatay dhulkii la isku halayn lahaa ee Somaliland, labadoodiina waxay ku midoobeen dhismihii Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya , in kasta oo ay ku jireen xuduud ay kala sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. Dawlad ay dhiseen Cabdullaahi Ciise iyo Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal oo ay weheliyaan xubno kale oo ka tirsan dawladihii ammaanada iyo maxmiyad ahaa, iyadoo Cabdulqaadir Muxamed Aadan uu noqday Madaxweynaha Golaha Shacbiga Soomaaliyeed , Aadan Cabdallah Cismaan Daar oo ahaa Madaxweynihii Jamhuriyadda Soomaaliya, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarkena wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare (kadibna noqday Madaxweyne 1967 ilaa 1969). 20kii Luulyo 1961kii iyo afti dadweyne oo dadweynihii Soomaaliyeed ay ku ansixiyeen talyaanigu, badi dadkii ka soo jeeday Maxmiyadii hore ee Somaliland ayaan ka qaybgelin aftida, in kasta oo tiro yar oo reer Somaliland ah oo ka qaybqaatay aftida ay ka soo horjeesteen dastuurkii cusbaa , oo markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay 1367kii , Muxammad . Wasiir, xilkaas oo uu u magacaabay Sharmaarke. Cigaal waxa uu mar dambe noqon lahaa Madaxweynaha maamul-goboleedka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya ===Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya (1969-1991)=== ===Inqilaab=== 15kii Oktoobar, isaga oo madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke socdaal ku marayay magaalada Laascaanood ee ay abaaruhu ku dhufteen, ayaa ilaaladiisa gaarka ahi toogasho ku dileen. Xoghayihii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka Henry Kissinger ayaa hadalkiisa ku soo gabagabeeyay in ilaaladu uu iskiis u dhaqmayo. Lix maalmood ka dib, 21kii Oktoobar, Jeneraal Siyaad Barre wuxuu hoggaaminayey afgambi militari, wuxuuna ku guuleystay afgambigii dowladdii baarlamaanka. Falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda casriga ah ayaa sheegaya in afgambiga uu ka dambeeyay musuqmaasuqa ka dhex jira xukuumadda baarlamaanka. Waardiyihii waxaa maxkamadeeyay, jirdilay oo toogtay Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC). Waxa ay kasoo jeedaan madaxweynaha uu dilay. [[File:Mohamed Ainanshe and Kim Il Sung -1970.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed oo Waqooyiga Kuuriya kula kulmay Madaxweyne Kim Il Sung 1970kii]] Dhinaca Barre, SRC oo xukunka la wareegtay dilkii Madaxweyne Sharma’arke ka dib waxaa hoggaaminayay Sarreeye Guuto Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed , Gaashaanle Sare Salaad Gabeyre Kediye iyo Taliyaha Booliska Jaamac Korsheel . Kediye waxa uu si rasmi ah u haystay magaca “Aabihii Kacaanka”, wax yar ka dibna Barre waxa uu noqday madaxa SRC. SRC dabadeed waxay u bixisay magaca dalka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Soomaaliya, waxay kala dirtay baarlamaanka iyo maxkamadda sare, oo laalay dastuurkii. Dawladdii kacaanku waxay dejisay barnaamijyo ballaaran oo hawlaha guud waxayna si guul leh u hirgelisay olole wax-qoris oo magaalo iyo miyi ah , kaasoo gacan ka geystay inuu si weyn u kordhiyo heerka wax-akhris-qoraalka. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya waxay gaartay heerka wax-akhris 70%, taasoo ka mid ahayd kuwa ugu sarreeya Afrika waagaas. Marka laga soo tago barnaamijka qarameynta warshadaha iyo dhulka, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee maamulka cusub waxay xoogga saartay xiriirka soo jireenka ah iyo diinta ee Soomaaliya ay la leedahay dunida Carabta , ugu dambeyntii waxay ku biirtay Jaamacadda Carabta bishii Febraayo 1974. Isla sanadkaas, Barre wuxuu sidoo kale noqday guddoomiyaha Ururka Midowga Afrika (OAU), oo ah hoggaamiyihii ka horreeyay Midowga Afrika (AU). Bishii Luulyo 1976-kii, SRC-da Barre ayaa iskeed u kala dirtay, waxayna halkeeda ka dhistay Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XDSHSI), dowlad hal xisbi ah oo ku dhisan hantiwadaag cilmiyeed iyo caqiidada Islaamka. SRSP waxa ay ahayd isku day lagu heshiisiinayo fikirka dawladda ee rasmiga ah iyo diinta rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyada oo la waafajinayo xeerarkii Marxist xaaladaha deegaanka. Waxa xoogga la saaray mabaadi’da Muslimka ee horumarka bulshada, sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda, taas oo ay dawladdu ku doodday in ay aasaas u tahay udub-dhexaadka hantiwadaagga cilmiyeed iyo lahjad u gaar ah oo ku aaddan isku filnaansho, ka qayb-qaadashada dadweynaha iyo xakamaynta dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale lahaanshaha tooska ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka. Iyadoo SRSP ay dhiirigelisay maalgashiga gaarka ah ee xad xaddidan, jihada guud ee maamulku waxay ahayd mid shuuci ah . Bishii Luulyo 1977, dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya wuxuu qarxay ka dib markii dawladdii Barre adeegsatay codsi ku saabsan midnimada qaranka si ay u caddeyso ku darista gardarrada ah ee gobolka Ogaadeeniya ee ay Soomaalida u badan tahay ee Itoobiya oo lagu daray Soomaali- weyn oo dhan , oo ay weheliso dhul-beereedyo hodan ah oo ku yaal koonfurta-bari ee Itoobiya, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, iyo meelaha istiraatiijiga ah ee woqooyiga ilaa Jabuuti. Todobaadkii ugu horeeyey ee colaada ayaa xoogag hubaysan oo Soomaali ahi qabsadeen koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Ogadenia, dagaalka intiisa badana waxay ciidanka Soomaalidu guulo isdaba joog ah ka gaadheen ciidanka gumaysiga Itoobiya waxayna daba socdeen ilaa Sidamo . Bishii Sebtembar 1977kii, Soomaaliya waxay gacanta ku dhigtay 90% dhulka Ogaadeeniya waxayna qabsatay magaalooyin istiraatiiji ah sida Jijiga waxayna cadaadis xoog leh saartay Diridhaba , waxayna halis geliyeen wadadii tareenka ee magaalada dambe ee Jabuuti. Go’doomintii Harar ka dib, waxaa u soo gurmaday taliskii Shuuciga ahaa ee Dergiga Itoobiya faragelin baaxad leh oo aan hore loo arag oo ka kooban 20,000 oo ciidamada Kuuba ah iyo dhowr kun oo khubaro ah oo Soofiyeedka ah . Sannadkii 1978-kii, ciidamadii Soomaalida ayaa laga saaray Ogadenya. Isbeddelka taageerada ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku kallifay dowladdii Barre inay xulafo ka raadsato meelo kale. Aakhirkii waxa ay ku degtay dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Soofiyeedka oo ay xafiiltamaan, Maraykanka , kaas oo in muddo ah ku haminayey dawladdii Soomaaliya. Saaxiibtinimada ugu horreysay ee Soomaaliya ay la yeelato Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo iskaashigii dambe ee ay la yeelatay Mareykanka ayaa u sahashay in ay dhisto ciidanka ugu badan ee Afrika. [[File:Muhammad Siad Barre - 40866X9X9.jpg|thumb|Sareeye Gaas Maxamed Siyaad Barre , Guddoomiyaha Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka , oo la kulmay Madaxweynaha Romania Nicolae Ceauşescu]] Dastuur cusub ayaa la soo saaray 1979kii kaas oo lagu qabtay doorashada Golaha Shacabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed ee Barre ayaa sii waday xukunka. Bishii Oktoobar 1980, SRSP waa la kala diray, Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka ayaa dib loo dhisay booskiisii. Waqtigaas, dawladdii Barre waxay noqotay mid aan la jeclayn. Soomaali badan ayaa ka niyad jabay nolosha ay ku hoos nool yihiin kalitalis ciidan. Waxaa sii wiiqmay taliskii 1980-meeyadii markii dagaalkii qaboobaa uu soo dhawaaday, waxaana hoos u dhacay muhiimaddii istiraatijiyadeed ee Soomaaliya. Dawladdu waxay noqotay mid sii xoogaysata , waxaana dalka oo dhan ka curtay dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo ay dhiirigelisay Itoobiya, taasoo keentay in Soomaaliya dagaal sokeeye ka dhacdo . Kooxahan malayshiyaadka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa Jabhadda Dimuqraadiga Badbaadada Soomaaliyeed (SSDF), Golaha Soomaaliyeed ee Midowga (USC), Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SPM) oo ay weheliyaan Mucaarad aan Rabshado lahayn oo ka kala tirsan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDM), Isbahaysiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDA) iyo Kooxda Kooxda Manifeestada Soomaaliyeed (SMG). ===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Somali Civil War (Google Live Map).svg|thumb|Qiyaasta khariidadda marxaladda hadda ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (La cusbooneysiiyay Luulyo 2025)]] Markii ay si aayar aayar aayar aayar ah u yaraatay hankii iyo akhlaaqdii dowladdii Barre, ayaa dad badan oo Soomaaliyeed ay ka niyad jabeen nolosha xukunkii militariga. Bartamihii 1980-aadkii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayey maamulkii Dergiga ee shuuciga ahaa ee Itoobiya ayaa ka curtay dalka oo dhan. Barre ayaa ku jawaabay in uu amar ku bixiyay in tallaabo laga qaado dadka uu u arko in ay deegaan ahaan taageersan yihiin jabhadda, gaar ahaan gobollada Waqooyi. Xakamayntaas waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyinka, oo ay ku taal xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa , oo ah xaruntii SNM , oo ka mid ahayd goobihii la beegsaday 1988. Xakamaynta ay bilawday dawladdii Barre waxay gaadhsiisay in ka badan qaraxyadii hore ee woqooyiga si ay u koobto gobollo kala duwan oo dalka ah. Soo saariddan xeeladaha gardarada ah ee looga dan leeyahay in lagu caburiyo dadka ka soo jeeda iyo in lagu sii hayo awoodda dadweynaha waxay astaan ​​u ahayd tallaabooyinka caburinta ah ee dowladdu ay ka waddo Koonfurta. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu caansan ayaa dhacay 1991-kii, markii taliskii Barre bilaabay weerar cirka ah oo sababay dhimashada dad badan oo aan waxba galabsan magaalada Beledweyn , oo ku taal koonfurta Soomaaliya. Arxan-darrada iyo baaxadda falkan waxashnimada ah waxa ay iftiimisay heerka ay dawladdu u diyaar-garowday in ay meesha ka saarto nooc kasta oo mucaarad ah ama wax iska caabin ah, iyada oo ay muujinayso in aan tix-gelin badheedh ah u lahayn xuquuqda aadamaha iyo qiimaha nolosha bani’aadamka. Mid kale oo xusid mudan siyaasaddii caburinta Barre ayaa ka dhacday magaalada Baydhabo oo lagu naaneeso ‘Magaalada dhimashada’ taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay dhacdooyinkii murugada lahaa ee ka dhacay halkaasi xilliyadii abaarta iyo dagaalada sokeeye . Boqolaal kun oo qof ayaa naftooda ku waayey istiraatijiyad dawladeed oo gaar ahaan loogu talagalay bulshada Raxanweyn ee deggan deegaannadaas. 1990kii, magaalada caasimadda ah ee Muqdisho, dadka deggan waxaa laga mamnuucay inay meel fagaare ah isugu yimaadaan kooxo ka badan saddex ama afar. Shidaal yaraan, sicir-bararka, iyo qiima dhaca lacagta ayaa saameeyay dhaqaalaha. Suuq madoow oo aad u wanaagsan ayaa ka jiray bartamaha magaalada iyadoo bangiyada ay la kulmeen gabaabsi lacagta gudaha ah ee lagu sarifto. Waxaa la soo saaray sharciyo lagu xakameynayo sarifka lacagaha qalaad si looga hortago dhoofinta lacagaha qalaad. Inkastoo aan la saarin xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah oo lagu soo rogay ajaanibta, sawir qaadista goobo badan ayaa la mamnuucay. Xilliyada maalinlaha ah ee magaalada Muqdisho, muuqaalka ciidan kasta oo dowladda ayaa ahaa mid naadir ah. Hawlgallada habeenkii dambe ee ay sameeyeen mas'uuliyiinta dowladda, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa "la'aanta" shaqsiyaadka guryahooda. 1991kii, maamulkii Barre waxaa xukunka ka tuuray isbahaysi mucaarad ku ah qabiil, oo ay taageerayeen taliskii Itoobiya ee Dergiga iyo Liibiya . Ka dib shir ay yeesheen Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Somaliyeed iyo odayaasha beelaha waqooyi, qaybtii waqooyi ee Ingiriisku ka talin jiray dalka waxay ku dhawaaqday in ay gooni isu taagtay jamhuuriyadda Somaliland May 1991. In kasta oo ay madax bannaani tahay oo xasiloon tahay marka loo eego koonfurta qalalaasaha ah, haddana dawlad shisheeye ma aqoonsan. [[File:Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|Dagaaladii sokeeye ka hor, Muqdisho waxaa loo yaqaannay "Luul cad oo badweynta Hindiya]] In badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha mucaaradka ayaa markii dambe bilaabay inay u tartamaan sidii ay saamayn ugu yeelan lahaayeen awood la'aanta ka dib markii la riday taliskii Barre. Koonfurta, waxaa isku dhacay kooxo hubaysan oo ay kala hogaaminayaan taliyayaasha USC General Maxamed Faarax Ceydiid iyo Cali Mahdi Maxamed , gaar ahaan, iyadoo mid walba uu doonayo inuu awood ku yeesho caasimadda. 1991kii, shir caalami ah oo wajiyo badan lahaa ayaa lagu qabtay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti. Iyadoo loo eegayo sharcinimada uu Muxammad ku siiyey shirkii Jabuuti, ayaa beesha caalamku u aqoonsatay inuu yahay madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya. Ma uu awoodin in uu awoodiisa ku dhaqmo meelo ka baxsan caasimadda. Awoodda ayaa taas beddelkeeda lagu heshiiyey hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii kale ee koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo maamul-goboleedyo ka madax bannaan waqooyiga. Shirkii Jibouti waxaa ku xigay laba heshiis oo aan la iska dhicin oo dib-u-heshiisiin qaran iyo hub ka dhigis, oo ay saxeexeen 15 daneeyayaal siyaasadeed: heshiis in la qabto shir aan rasmi ahayn oo diyaarinta dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka, iyo heshiiskii Addis Ababa 1993 ee lagu sameeyay shirkii dib u heshiisiinta qaranka. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, la'aanta daba-dheeraatay ee la'aanta maamul dhexe oo joogto ah, Soomaaliya waxay billowday inay ku sifowdo " Qaran guuldarreystay . ===Hay'adaha ku meel gaarka ah=== [[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (28-03-2006).jpg|thumb|C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed , Madaxweynaha Dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya]] Dawladda Ku-Meel-Gaarka ah (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay bilihii April-May 2000 shirkii Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ee lagu qabtay Carta, Jabuuti. Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan ayaa loo doortay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha dowladda KMG ah ee cusub ee qaranka, maamul ku meel gaar ah oo loo sameeyay in uu Soomaaliya ku hago dowlad Jamhuuriyad rasmi ah oo saddexaad. Dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee TNG ayaa keenay in la bedelo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha afar jeer saddex sano gudahood, iyo hay'adda maamulka ayaa sheegay inay kacday December 2003. Waqtigeediina isku mar wuu dhamaaday. 10kii Oktoobar 2004tii, sharci-dajiyayaashu waxay u doorteen Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Dawladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFG), oo beddelaya Dawladdii Ku Meel Gaarka ahayd. DFKMG waxay ahayd maamulkii labaad ee ku meel gaadhka ahaa ee hiigsanayay in dib loo soo celiyo hay’adihii qaranka ee Soomaaliya kadib burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre 1991 iyo dagaaladii sokeeye ee xigay. DFKMG waxay ahayd dowladda Soomaaliya oo caalamku aqoonsan yahay ilaa 20kii Agoosto 2012, markaas oo ay si rasmi ah u dhammaatay waqtigeedii. Waxaa loo asaasay mid ka mid ah Hay'adaha Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFIs) ee dowladda sida lagu qeexay Axdiga Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFC) ee uu ansixiyay Baarlamaanka Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFP) bishii Nofembar 2004. Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay si rasmi ah uga koobneyd waaxda fulinta ee dowladda, iyadoo TFP ay tahay waaxda sharci dejinta. Xukuumadda ayaa waxaa madax ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, iyadoo golaha wasiirradu ay warbixin ka siiyeen Ra’iisul Wasaaraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday erey guud si loo tixraaco dhammaan saddexda laan si wadajir ah. ===Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga=== [[File:Icu somalia map.png|thumb|Khariidad muujinaysa ICU marka ugu sarraysa saamaynteeda]] Sanadkii 2006, Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah (ICU) waxay la wareegeen gacan ku haynta inta badan koonfurta dalka muddo 6 bilood ah waxayna soo rogeen ku dhaqanka shareecada Islaamka . Mas’uuliyiinta ugu sareysa Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ku tilmaamay muddadan kooban in ay tahay xilli dahab ah oo ku jira taariikhda siyaasadda Soomaaliya. ===Dowladda Kumeeel Gaarka ah=== Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay isku dayday inay dib u soo ceshato awoodeeda, iyadoo kaashanaysa ciidamada Itoobiya , ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Midowga Afrika iyo taageerada hawada ee Mareykanka, waxay ka saartay maxaakiimta oo ay xoojisay xukunkeeda. January 8, 2007, Madaxweynaha DFKMG, Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo galay Muqdisho isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidamada Itoobiya tan iyo markii xilka loo doortay. Dawladdu waxay markaas u guurtay xarunta Villa Soomaaliya ee caasimadda oo ay si ku meel gaar ah uga ahayd Baydhabo . Tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horeysay tan iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre sanadkii 1991-kii oo ay dowladda Federaalka gacanta ku hayso inta badan dalka. ===Falaagada Al-Shabaab=== Al-Shabaab ayaa ka soo horjeestay joogitaanka ciidamada Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya, waxaana ay sii wadeen dagaallada ka dhanka ah dowladda KMG ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2008, Al-Shabaab waxay dhalisay guulo ciidan, iyagoo la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyin iyo dekedo muhiim ah oo ku yaal bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Janaayo 2009, Al-Shabaab iyo maleeshiyaadkii kale waxay ku qasbeen ciidamada Itoobiya inay dib u gurtaan, iyagoo ka tagay ciidan aan qalabeyn oo nabad ilaalin ah oo Midowga Afrika ah si ay u caawiyaan ciidamada dowladda KMG ah.  Dhaqaale la’aan iyo dhaqaale la’aan, cunaqabatayn dhanka hubka ah oo adkeyd in dib loo yagleelo ciidan qaran oo suga amniga, iyo danayn la’aanta guud ee beesha caalamka, Yuusuf waxa uu ku qasbanaaday in kumannaan ciidamo ah oo Puntland ka socda la geeyo Muqdisho si ay u sii joogteeyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan Koonfurta dalka. Taageerada maaliyadeed ee dadaalkan waxaa bixisay dawladda ismaamulka. Taasi waxay keentay in dakhli yar oo soo galo ciidamada ammaanka Puntland iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah, taasoo ka dhigtay dhul u nugul burcad-badeedda iyo weerarrada argagixisada.  29-kii December 2008, Yuusuf wuxuu kaga dhawaaqay baarlamaanka ku midoobay Baydhabo inuu iska casilayo xilka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Khudbadiisa oo laga sii daayay Idaacadda Qaranka, ayuu Yuusuf ku sheegay inuu ka xun yahay inuu ku guul-darreystay inuu soo afjaro colaaddii dalka ka jirtay toddoba iyo tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sidii dowladdiisa loo igmaday. Wuxuu kaloo ku eedeeyay beesha caalamka inay ka gaabiyeen taageerada dowladda, wuxuuna sheegay in guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka uu xilka ku wareejin doono sida uu qabo Axdiga KMG ah ===Dhamaadka xilliga ku meel gaarka=== Intii u dhaxaysay 31 May iyo 9 June 2008, wakiilo ka socday dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u xoraynta Soomaaliya (ARS) ayaa ka qayb galay wada-hadallo nabadeed oo Jabuuti ka dhacay oo uu garwadeen ka ahaa ergeygii hore ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsanaa Soomaaliya, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah . Shirka ayaa ku soo idlaaday heshiis la kala saxiixday oo dhigaya in ciidamada Itoobiya laga saaro dalka si loo joojiyo iska hor imaadyada hubeysan. Baarlamaanka ayaa ka dib la balaariyay oo la gaarsiiyay 550 kursi si ay u helaan xubnaha ARS, oo markaas madaxweyne u doortay Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed .Iyadoo gacan ka heleysa koox yar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Midowga Afrika, dowladda KMG ayaa biloowday weerar rogaal celis ah bishii Febraayo 2009 si ay si buuxda ula wareegto maamulka qeybta koonfureed ee dalka. DFKMG si ay xukunkeeda u xoojiso waxay isbahaysi la samaysatay Midowga Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah, Xubnihii kale ee Isbaheysiga Dib u xoreynta Soomaaliya iyo Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca oo ah Maleeshiyo Suufi ah oo qunyar socod ah . Intaa waxaa dheer, Al-Shabaab iyo Xisbul Islaam, oo ah labada kooxood ee Islaamiyiinta ah ee mucaaradka ah, waxay bilaabeen inay dhexdooda dagaallamaan bartamihii 2009kii. Xabbad ahaan, bishii Maarso 2009, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ku dhawaaqday inay dib u dhaqan gelinayso Shareecada oo ah nidaamka garsoorka rasmiga ah ee qaranka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, colaaddu waxay ka sii socotay koonfurta iyo badhtamaha dalka. Muddo bilo gudahood ah, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ka baxday in ay gacanta ku dhigto ilaa 70% koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya aagagga iskahorimaadyada, oo ay 80% dhulka lagu muransan yahay ku lumisay xoogaga Islaamiyiinta ah. Bishii Oktoobar 2011, hawlgal qorsheysan, Hawlgalka Linda Nchi oo u dhexeeya militariga Soomaaliya iyo Kenya iyo ciidamada caalamiga ah ayaa ka billowday Al-Shabaab ee koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Sebtembar 2012, ciidamada Soomaaliya, Kenya, iyo Raaskaambooni waxay ku guulaysteen inay qabsadaan Al-Shabaab xaruntii ugu dambaysay ee ugu weynayd, dekedda koonfurta ee Kismaayo. Bishii Luulyo 2012, saddex hawlgal oo Midowga Yurub ayaa la bilaabay si ay ula macaamilaan Soomaaliya: EUTM Somalia , Hawlgalka Ciidamada Badda ee Midowga Yurub ee Soomaaliya Atalanta off the Horn of Africa, iyo EUCAP Nestor. [[File:Parlament of Somalia 2012-2016.svg|thumb|Dhismaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]] Iyada oo qayb ka ah "Khariidadda Waddada Dhammaadka Ku meel gaarka" ee rasmiga ah, oo ah geeddi socod siyaasadeed oo siinaya jaan-gooyo cad-cad oo horseedaya samaynta hay'ado dimoqraadi ah oo joogto ah oo Soomaaliya ah, xilliga ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah ayaa dhammaaday 20kii Agoosto 2012 ===Dowladda Federaalka=== Dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , oo ah dowladdii dhexe ee ugu horreysay oo joogto ah oo dalka yeelato tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaallada sokeeye, ayaa la aas aasay Agoosto 2012. Bishii Agoosto 2014-kii, howlgalka Badweynta Hindiya ee ay hormuudka ka tahay dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa la bilaabay ka hortagga jeebabka kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan baadiyaha ===2021-2023 abaar=== Abaarta Soomaaliya ee 2021-2023 ayaa ahayd abaartii ugu darneyd ee Soomaaliya soo marta muddo 40 sano ah, waxaana ay saameysay 7.8 milyan oo qof. === Qalalaasihii dastuuriga ee 2024 === 30-kii Maarso 2024, isbeddello dastuuri ah oo taxane ah oo ay ansixisay [[Dowlada Federaalka Soomaaliya]] ayaa sababay khilaafyo lala galay qaar ka mid ah dowlad-goboleedyada federaalka, taas oo dhalisay xiisad siyaasadeed. Saddex ka mid ah lixda dowlad-goboleed ayaa ka laabtay aqoonsigii ay siinayeen awoodda dowladda federaalka, waxaana dagaallo maxalli ah oo [[Jubaland|Jubbaland]] iyo [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya|Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya]] ka dhacay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Review |first=Horn |title=Analysis of Somalia's constitution crisis |url=https://hornreview.org/2026/04/21/analysis-of-somalias-constitution-crisis/ |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=HORN REVIEW |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Al Jazeera |title=Somali army takes over key city in Southwest as state leader resigns |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/31/somali-army-takes-over-key-city-in-southwest-as-state-leader-resigns |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> ==Juqraafiga== Soomaaliya waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Jabuuti dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, galbeedna Itoobiya , waqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , badda Soomaaliya iyo kanaalka Guardafui oo bari ah, iyo Koonfur-galbeed Kenya . Baaxadda dhuleedku waa 637,657 kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran, dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo buuraha . Xeebteedu waxay dhererkeedu ka badan tahay 3,333 kiiloomitir, waana tan ugu dheer dhul weynaha Afrika. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid si qiyaas ah u qaabaysan "sida lambar foorarsan oo toddoba ah". Waqooyiga fog, safafka bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Oogo waxay ku yaalaan masaafo kala duwan oo u jirta xeebta Gacanka Cadmeed. Xaalado kulul ayaa jira sanadka oo dhan, oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Geology waxay soo jeedinaysaa joogitaanka kaydka macdanta qiimaha leh. Soomaaliya waxaa Seychelles ka go'ay badda Soomaaliya, waxaana ka go'ay Socotra oo lagu magacaabo Guardafui Channel ===Qaybaha maamulka=== Soomaaliya waxay si rasmi ah u qaybsantaa siddeed iyo toban gobol ( sara , gobol keli ah ), oo iyana loo qaybiyo degmooyin. [[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|Maabka gobollada Soomaaliya]] Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda waa goorma ? Waxay u kala qaybsameen maamul-goboleedka Puntland ( oo isku haysta maamul-goboleedka ), Somaliland ( maamul-goboleed iskeed ugu dhawaaqday balse aan la aqoonsan ) iyo Maamulka Khaatumo ee Soomaaliya oo dhawaan la dhisay . Bartamaha Soomaaliya, Galmudug waa maamul-goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. Jubaland oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa ismaamulka afaraad ee federaalka.Sannadkii 2014-kii, ayaa sidoo kale la dhisay maamul-goboleedka cusub ee Koonfur-galbeed . Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la daah furay shirweyne lagu dhisayo dowlad goboleedka cusub ee Hirshabeelle . Baarlamaanka Federaalka waxaa loo xilsaaray 2012-kii in uu soo xulo tirada ugu dambeysa iyo xuduudaha dowlad goboleedyada is-maamul goboleedyada (sida rasmiga ah ee xubnaha ka ah Federaalka ) ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. ===Goobta=== {{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | footer_align = left | image1 = Horn of africa.jpg | class1 = bg-transparent | image2 = ISS062-E-51247 - View of Earth.jpg | footer = Muuqaallo laga qaaday [[Geeska Afrika|Jasiiradda Soomaalida]] oo laga soo qaaday Dayax gacmeedka ''Columbia'' sannadkii 1993 (kor) iyo Saldhigga Hawada Caalamiga ah sannadkii 2020 (hoose) }} Soomaaliya waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed, [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Marinka Gardafuul|Marinka Gardafuu]] iyo Badweynta Hindiya dhanka bari, iyo [[Itoobiya]] dhanka galbeed. Dalka wuxuu sidoo kale xuduud la leeyahay [[Jabuuti]]. Waxay ku taallaa inta u dhexeysa loolalka 2°S iyo 12°N, iyo dhigaha 41° iyo 52°E. Iyada oo si istaraatiiji ah ugu taalla afka laga galo Bab el Mandeb ee u dhexeeya [[Bada Cas]] iyo [[Kanaalka Suweys|Kanaalka Suweys]], dalku wuxuu ku yaallaa cirifka gobol u eg khariidadda [[Wiyil|geeska wiyisha]], taas oo inta badan loogu yeero [[Geeska Afrika]].<ref name="factbook"/><ref name="Hadden">Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102547/http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science"]. Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center</ref> ===Biyaha=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika, oo leh boodh badeed dhererkeedu yahay 3,333 kiiloomitir (2,071 mi). Dhulkeedu waxa uu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo dhulka sare . Qaranku wuxuu leeyahay bedka guud ee 637,657 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (246,201 sq mi) kaas oo ka kooban dhul, oo leh 10,320 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (3,980 sq mi) oo biyo ah. Soohdimaha dhulka ee Soomaaliya ayaa gaaraya ilaa 2,340 kiiloomitir (1,450 mi); 58 kiiloomitir (36 mi) ka mid ah waxaa la wadaaga Jabuuti, 682 kiiloomitir (424 mi) Kenya, iyo 1,626 kiiloomitir (1,010 mi) Itoobiya. Sheegashadeeda badda waxaa ka mid ah dhul-badeed dhan 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). Soomaaliya waxaa xeebaheeda ku yaal jasiirado iyo jaziirado dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Jaziiradaha Bajuuni iyo Jaziiradaha Sacad-Diin : eeg jasiiradaha Soomaaliya . [[File:Juba river downstream Jamaame.jpg|thumb|Webiga Jubba]] ===Degaan=== Soomaaliya waxay ka kooban tahay todobo dhuleed oo kala ah: Xabashida montane kaymaha , Waqooyiga Zanzibar–Inhambane mosaic kaynta xeebta , Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands iyo kayn , dhul daaqsimeed Xabashi ah iyo dhir dhireed , dhul daaqsimeed hobyo iyo geedo yaryar , Somali montane xeric woodlands , iyo mangroves Bariga Afrika Dhanka waqooyi, bannaan saxare-meel-mareen ah oo xoqan, oo loo yaqaan Guban ayaa barbar-socda Gacanka Cadmeed . Iyada oo ballaciisu yahay laba iyo toban kiiloomitir galbeedka ilaa in yar oo laba kiiloomitir ah oo bari ah, bannaanka waxaa u kala qaybiya maro-biyoodyo asal ahaan ah sariiro ciid qallalan marka laga reebo xilliyada roobaadka. Marka roobabku da'aan, Guban's duurka hooseeya iyo cawska cawska ayaa isu beddela dhir cagaaran. Xariggaan xeebeedku waa qayb ka mid ah dhul- daaqsimeedkii Xabashida iyo dhir-dhireedka . Cal Madow waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ku taal waqooyi bari ee dalka. Waxay ku dherersan tahay dhowr kiilo mitir dhanka galbeed ee magaalada Boosaaso ilaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Ceerigaabo , waxay ku taal meesha ugu sarreysa Soomaaliya , Shimbiris , oo ku fadhida meel sare ah ilaa 2,416 mitir (7,927 ft). Silsilada bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Karkaar waxay sidoo kale ku yaalliin gudaha gudaha Gacanka Cadmeed. Gobollada dhexe, silsiladaha buuraha waqooyi ee dalka waxay u baneeyaan dhul-badeed-gacmeedyo iyo marin-biyoodyo qallalan oo deegaan ahaan loogu yeero Oogo . Dhulka galbeedka ee Oogo, ayaa isna si tartiib tartiib ah ugu biira Haud , oo ah aag muhiim u ah daaqa xoolaha. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay laba webi oo kala ah Jubba iyo Shabeele oo labaduba ka bilaabma buuraleyda Itoobiya . Wabiyadan ayaa inta badan u socda dhanka koofureed, iyadoo webiga Jubba uu ka galo badweynta Hindiya ee magaalada Kismaayo . Wabiga Shabeelle ayaa mar sida muuqata gali jiray badda u dhow magaalada Marka , balse hadda waxa uu gaaray meel dhanka Koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada Muqdisho. Intaa ka dib, waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhiiqo iyo meelo qallalan ka hor inta aan aakhirka lagu waayin dhulka saxaraha ah ee bariga Jilib , una dhow webiga Jubba. ===Deegaanka=== [[File:Somcoralreef.jpg|thumb|Xeebaha Soomaaliya , jardiinooyinka deegaanka iyo meelaha la ilaaliyo]] Soomaaliya waa dal oomane ah oo leh qiyaastii 1.6% dhul beereed . Ururada deegaanka ee ugu horeeya waxay ahaayeen Ecoterra Soomaaliya iyo Bulshada Deegaanka Soomaali, labaduba waxay gacan ka geysteen kor u qaadista wacyiga ku saabsan walaaca deegaanka iyo abaabulida barnaamijyada deegaanka ee dhammaan qaybaha dawladda iyo sidoo kale bulshada rayidka ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1971-kii, olole ballaaran oo dhir beeris ah oo heer qaran ah ayaa dowladdii Siyaad Barre bilowday si ay u joojiso horu-marintii kumannaanka hektar ee dunta bacaadka ah ee ay dabeyshu kaxeyso oo halis ku ah inay qariso magaalooyinka, waddooyinka iyo dhul beereed. Sannadkii 1988-kii, 265 hektar oo ah 336 hektar oo la saadaaliyay ayaa la daweeyay, iyadoo 39 goobood oo kayd ah iyo 36 goobood oo kaymo ah la aasaasay. 1986, Xarunta Badbaadinta Duurjoogta, Cilmi-baarista iyo Kormeerka waxaa aasaasay Ecoterra International, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu wacyigeliyo dadweynaha arrimaha deegaanka. Dadaalkaas waxbarasho waxa uu horseeday 1989 kii waxa loogu yeero "soo jeedinta Soomaaliya" iyo go'aan ay dowladda Soomaaliya ku gaartay in ay raacdo Axdiga ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee dabar-goynta xayawaanka duurjoogta iyo dhirta (CITES), kaas oo markii ugu horreysay aasaasay adduunka oo dhan mamnuucidda ka ganacsiga Maroodiga Maroodiga . [[File:Aerial views of Kismayo 06 (8071381265).jpg|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee Muqdisho]] Ka dib, Faadumo Jibrell , oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka, ayaa qaaday olole guul leh oo lagu ilaalinayo kaymaha geedaha qudhaca ah ee koray ee waqooyi-bari ee Soomaaliya. Geedahan, oo noolaan kara 500 oo sano, ayaa la jari jiray si looga sameeyo dhuxusha oo aad looga doonayay Jasiiradda Carabta, halkaas oo qabaa'ilka Baadiyaha ee gobolka ay aaminsan yihiin in qudhacdu ay tahay mid muqadas ah. Inaad noqoto shidaal aan qaali ahayn, soo saarista dhuxusha waxay inta badan keentaa xaalufka iyo xaalufka . Si wax looga qabto dhibaatadan, Jibrell iyo Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organisation (Horn Relief; hadda Adeso ), oo ah hay'ad ay aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha fulinta ka ahayd, waxay tababareen koox dhalinyaro ah si ay bulshada uga wacyigeliyaan waxyeelada joogtada ah ee soo saarista dhuxusha ay abuuri karto. 1999kii, Horn Relief waxay isku dubariday socod nabadeed waqooyi-bari Puntland ee Soomaaliya si loo soo afjaro waxa loogu yeero "dagaallada dhuxusha". Natiijadii ololaha Jibrell iyo dadaalkii waxbarashada, dawladda Puntland 2000 waxay mamnuucday dhoofinta dhuxusha. Dowladda ayaa sidoo kale tan iyo markii ay dhaqan galisay mamnuucidaasi, taasoo la sheegay inay keentay in 80% hoos u dhac ku yimaado dhoofinta badeecada. Jibrell waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Abaalmarinta Deegaanka Goldman ee 2002 dadaalkeeda ka dhanka ah xaalufka deegaanka iyo xaalufka. Sannadkii 2008, waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatay Abaalmarinta Mu'asasada Qaranka ee Juqraafiga / Buffett ee Hoggaanka Ilaalinta. Ka dib tsunamigii weynaa ee Diisambar 2004 , waxaa sidoo kale soo baxay eedeymo sheegaya in ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, in xeebta dheer ee Soomaaliya ee fog fog loo isticmaalay goob qashin ah oo lagu aaso qashinka sunta ah. Mowjadaha waaweyn ee ku dhuftay waqooyiga Soomaaliya kadib tsunamigii ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay kiciyeen tan oo ah haraadiga sunta nukliyeerka ah oo laga yaabo inay si sharci darro ah dalka ugu daadiyeen shirkado shisheeye. Xisbiga Cagaaran ee Yurub waxa uu daba socday cadaymahaas isagoo horgeeyay saxaafadda iyo baarlamaanka Yurub ee Strasbourg nuqulo qandaraasyo ah oo ay kala saxiixdeen laba shirkadood oo reer Yurub ah - Shirkadda Swiss Swiss, Achair Partners, iyo dilaaliinta qashinka Talyaaniga Progresso - iyo wakiillo ka socday Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Hogaamiye kooxeed Cali Mahdi Maxamed, si ay u qaataan 10 milyan oo tan oo qashinka sunta ah oo ay ku bedesheen 80 milyan oo gini. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan deegaanka (UNEP), qashinka ayaa sababay in uu aad uga sarreeyo xaaladaha caadiga ah ee caabuqyada neef-mareenka, boogaha afka iyo dhiig-baxa, dhiigbaxa caloosha iyo caabuqa maqaarka oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhacay dad badan oo deggan deegaannada ku teedsan waqooyi-bari ee magaalooyinka Hobyo iyo Banaadir ee xeebta Badweynta Hindiya - cudurro la socda xanuunka shucaaca. UNEP waxay intaas ku dartay in xaaladda xeebaha Soomaaliya ay khatar deegaan oo aad u daran aysan ka jirin Soomaaliya oo keliya, balse sidoo kale gobolka bariga Afrika. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 SOM 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Köppen–Geiger map-ka kala soocida cimilada ee 1-km xallinta Soomaaliya 1991-2020]] Sababo la xiriira u dhawaanshaha Soomaaliya ee dhulbaraha , ma jiro isbeddel xilliyeed badan oo cimiladeeda ah. Xaalado kulul ayaa sanadka oo dhan jira oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee maalin kasta wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 30 ilaa 40 ° C (86 ilaa 104 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare ee xeebta bari, halkaasoo laga dareemi karo saamaynta qabow ee hadda taagan. Muqdisho, tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 32 °C (82 ilaa 90 °F) bisha Abriil. Qaar ka mid ah heerkulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay waddanka; Berbera oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed waxay leedahay galab sare oo celcelis ahaan ka badan 38 °C (100 °F) laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar. Qaran ahaan, celceliska celceliska maalinlaha ahi badanaa way kala duwan yihiin qiyaastii 15 ilaa 30 ° C (59 ilaa 86 ° F). Kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan ee cimiladu waxay ka dhacdaa waqooyiga Soomaaliya, halkaas oo heerkulku mararka qaarkood dhaafo 45 ° C (113 ° F) bisha Luulyo ee bannaanka litoral oo hoos uga dhaco barta qabowga bisha Disembar ee buuraha sare. Gobolkan, qoyaanka qaraabada ahi wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 40% badhtamaha galabnimada ilaa 85% habeenkii, isbeddelaya waxoogaa marka loo eego xilliga. Si ka duwan cimilada dalalka kale ee ugu badan ee loolkan, xaaladaha Soomaaliya waxay u dhexeeyaan oomane waqooyi-bari iyo gobollada dhexe ilaa waqooyi -galbeed iyo koonfurta. Waqooyi-bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi wuxuu ka yar yahay 100 mm (4 in); Taagga dhexe, waa qiyaastii 200 ilaa 300 mm (8 ilaa 12 inji). Qaybaha waqooyi-galbeed iyo koonfur-galbeed ee qaranka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay helaan roobab aad u badan, iyadoo celcelis ahaan 510 ilaa 610 mm (20 ilaa 24 in) ay dhacaan sannadkii. Inkasta oo gobollada xeebuhu ay kulul yihiin oo qoyan yihiin sannadka oo dhan, dhul-badeedku caadi ahaan waa qalalan oo kulul. Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Maarso waa Jiilaalka , xilliga xagaaga ee ugu adag sanadka. Xilli-roobaadka ugu muhiimsan, oo loo yaqaan Gu'ga , wuxuu socdaa Abriil ilaa Juunyo. Xilligan waxaa lagu gartaa dabeylaha koonfur-galbeed, kuwaas oo dib u soo nooleeya dhul-daaqsimeedka, gaar ahaan dhul-daaqsimeedka dhexe, oo muddo kooban saxaraha u beddela dhir cagaaran. Laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar waa xilliga labaad ee qalalan, Xagaa (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa "Xagaa"). Dayr , oo ah xilli-roobaadka ugu gaaban, wuxuu socdaa Oktoobar ilaa Disembar. Xilliyada tangambili ee dhexgala labada dabaylaha (Oktoobar-Noofambar iyo Maarso-May) waa kulayl iyo qoyaan. ===Duurjoogta=== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geela buuraha waqooyi]] Soomaaliya waxaa ku nool naasley kala duwan, taas oo ay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha cimilada iyo deegaanka. Duurjoogta dalka waxaa ka mid ah haramcadka, libaaxa, geriga, baboonka, servalka, maroodiga, doofaarka duurjoogta ah, cawska, kudu, dik-dik, oribi, dabada duurjoogta Soomaalida, reedbuck, zebra, maroodi-shrew iyo dhagax-dhagax. Soomaaliya waxay hoy u tahay ilaa 727 nooc oo shimbiro ah. Siddeed ka mid ah waa noocyo ku faafa dalka, mid waxaa keenay aadanaha, midna waa dhif ama si kama' ah u yimaada. Afar iyo toban nooc ayaa caalamka khatar ku ah. Noocyada shimbiraha ee si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah xamaamka Soomaalida; Alaemon hamertoni (Alaudidae), Hoopoe-Lark; Heteromirafra archeri (Alaudidae), Archer's Lark; Mirafra ashi (Alaudidae), Ash's Bushlark; Mirafra somalica (Alaudidae), Somali Bushlark; Spizocorys obbiensis (Alaudidae), Obbia Lark; Carduelis johannis (Fringillidae); iyo Warsangli Linenet. Xeebaha Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah goobaha ugu muhiimsan ee kalluumeysiga noocyada badda ee aad u guura, sida tuna. Qalfoofka qaaradda ee cidhiidhiga ah balse wax-soo-saarka leh wuxuu ka kooban yahay noocyo badan oo kalluun-demersal ah iyo qolofley. Noocyada kalluunka si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Cirrhitichthys randalli (Cirrhitidae), Symphurus fuscus (Cynoglossidae), Parapercis simulata (Pinguipedidae), Cociella somaliensis (Platycephalidae), iyo Pseudochromis melanotus (Pseudochromidae). Waxaa jira qiyaastii 235 nooc oo xamaarato ah. Ku dhowaad kala bar waxay ku nool yihiin aagga waqooyi. Xamaaratada ku baahsan Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Viper-ka Hughes, Maska Garter-ka Koonfurta Soomaaliya, orodyahan (Platyceps messanai), mas diadem (Spalerosophis josephscorteccii), ciidda Soomaaliyeed, qorraxda gooryaanka xaglaha leh, qorraxda aagagga dhabarka leh, qorraxda ciidda Soomaaliyeed (Mesalina ama Eremias), gecko (Hemidactylus granchii), gecko-ga Soomaaliyeed ee semaphore, iyo qorratada ciidda. Mas colubrid (Aprosdoketophis andreonei) iyo maqaarka Haacke-Greer (Haackgreerius miopus) waa noocyo si gaar ah ugu kooban Soomaaliya. ==Siyaasadda iyo dawladnimada== <!-- legislative leadership - executive leadership below -->{{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 350 | image1 = Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at Djiboutian presidential palace in Djibouti, Djibouti, September 24, 2023 - (cropped).jpg | caption1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]<br /><small>[[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] tan iyo 2022</small> | image2 = Hamza Abdi Barre 2025 official portrait.jpg | caption2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]]<br /><small>Ra'iisul Wasaare tan iyo 2022</small> }} jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo wakiil ka ah baarlamaanka . Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ayaa ah madaxa qaranka iyo taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya , waxaana uu soo xulaa Ra’iisul wasaare si uu u noqdo madaxa xukuumadda . Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya waa baarlamaanka qaranka Soomaaliya. Labada Aqal ee Sharci-dejinta Qaranka waxa ay ka kooban yihiin Golaha Shacabka (Aqalka Hoose) iyo Senatka (Aqalka Sare), kuwaas oo xubnahooda loo doortay in ay qabtaan muddo afar sano ah. Baarlamaanka ayaa dooranaya Madaxweynaha, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka iyo ku xigeenadiisa. Waxa kale oo ay awood u leedahay in ay ansixiso oo diido sharciyada. [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|thumb|[[Aaden Nuur|Aadan Madoobe]], [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]]]] Garsoorka Soomaaliya waxaa qeexaya Dastuurka kumeel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Waxaa 1-dii Agoosto 2012 ku ansixiyay Golaha Dastuurka Qaranka ee Muqdisho, dukumeentiga waxaa dejiyay guddi khubaro ah oo uu guddoomiye u yahay qareenka iyo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka, Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari . Waxay bixisaa aasaaska sharciga ah ee jiritaanka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka iyo isha awood sharci. Qaab dhismeedka maxkamadaha qaranka waxaa loo habeeyay saddex heer: Maxkamada Dastuuriga ah, Maxkamadaha heer Federaal iyo maxkamado heer dowlad goboleed . Golaha Adeegga Garsoorka oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood ayaa magacaabaya xubin kasta oo heer Federaal ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka. Waxa kale oo ay soo xulaysaa oo ay horgeynaysaa golaha shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah garsoorayaasha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah si ay u ansixiyaan. Haddii la ansixiyo, Madaxweynuhu wuxuu musharraxa u magacaabayaa garsoore Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah oo ka kooban shan xubnood ayaa ka garnaqsa arrimaha dastuurka, marka laga soo tago arrimo kala duwan oo heer federaal iyo heer maamul goboleed ah. Sharciga Soomaalidu waxa uu ka soo jeedaa saddex hab oo isku dhafan oo kala ah: Sharciga Madaniga ah , Shareecada Islaamka iyo Xeer-dhaqameedka . Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tilmaanta Soomaaliya waa dalka 5-aad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika . Burburkii Soomaaliya ka dib 1991 ma jirin wax xidhiidh ah ama xidhiidh dhex maray dawladda Somaliland oo ku dhawaaqday in ay dal tahay iyo dawladda Soomaaliya ===Qaybaha maamulka=== {{Main|Gobolada Soomaaliya|Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya}} ​Soomaaliya si rasmi ah waxay u qaybsantaa toddoba [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|dawlad goboleed]] iyo siddeed iyo toban [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|gobol]] (''gobollada'', kaligeed waa ''gobol''),<ref name="factbook"/> kuwaas oo iyana u sii qaybsama degmooyin. Gobolladu waa: {| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|center|upright=1.3|Gobollada Soomaaliya oo leh dowlad-goboleedyo midabbo leh]] |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Somaliland}}{{color box|#72FE6E}}'''[[Somaliland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Awdal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Maroodi Jeex|Woqooyi Galbeed]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]]*{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Khatumo}}'''{{color box|#6CCAFE}} [[Waqooyibari|Waqooyi Bari]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Puntland}}'''{{color box|#AEA9FE}} [[Puntland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Nugaal|Nugaal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Galmudug}}'''{{color box|#DFA9FE}} [[Galmudug]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Galguduud]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |- |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">'''{{flag icon|Hirshabeelle}}{{color box|#FE3A46}} [[Hirshabeelle]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Hiiraan|Hiiraan]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Dhexe]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|South West State of Somalia}}'''{{color box|#FE9C5A}} [[Koonfur Galbeed|Koonfur Galbeed]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bakool]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Baay|Baay]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Hoose|Shabeellaha Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Jubaland}}'''{{color box|#FEBB5A}} [[Jubaland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Gedo]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Dhexe]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flagicon image|Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg}}'''{{color box|#F5F601}} [[Banaadir]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Muqdisho|Muqdisho]]{{pb}} |} <small> * Lagu muransan yahay</small> <small> ** Waxaa Somaliland u kala saartay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> <small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ** Waxay Somaliland u qaybisay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> ​<small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ​Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda ''de facto'' waxay u qaybsan tahay [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|gobollada ismaamulka]] ee [[Puntland]] (oo isu tixgelisa dawlad goboleed ismaamul ah), [[Somaliland]] (dawlad iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madax-bannaani, aqoonsi xaddidan leh) iyo [[Waqooyibari|Dawlad Goboleedka Woqooyi Bari ee Soomaaliya]] oo dhowaan la aasaasay. Bartamaha Soomaaliya, [[Galmudug]] waa maamul goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. [[Jubaland]] oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa gobolka afaraad ee ismaamul ee ka tirsan federaalka.<ref name="factbook"/> Sannadkii 2014-kii, waxaa sidoo kale la aasaasay [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dawlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed]].<ref>{{cite news|title=International community welcomes newly-elected President of Somalia's Interim South West Administration|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|access-date=5 January 2015|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=19 November 2014|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la furay shirka dhismaha ee dawlad goboleedka cusub ee [[Hirshabeelle |Hirshabeelle]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adado conference kicks off in central Somalia|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|access-date=15 May 2015|agency=Garowe Online|date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104021/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​[[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] waxaa loo xilsaaray sannadkii 2012-kii inay soo xulaan tirada kama dambaysta ah iyo xuduudaha dawlad goboleedyada ismaamulka (si rasmi ah ''[[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Dawlad Goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah Federaalka]]'') ee ka tirsan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.<ref name="Frspc"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution|url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:2015 01 25 Turkish President Visit to Somalia-1 (16176887607).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo Madaxweynaha Turkiga Recep Tayyip Erdogan ayaa xariga ka jaray Terminalka cusub ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cabdulle ee magaalada Muqdisho. (25 Janaayo 2015)]] Xiriirka dibadda ee Soomaaliya waxaa maamula madaxweynaha sida madaxa dowladda, Ra’iisul wasaaraha oo ah madaxa xukuumadda, iyo wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee federaalka . Sida ku cad qodobka 54-aad ee dastuurka qaranka, qeybsiga awoodaha iyo kheyraadka ee dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya waa in ay ka wadahadlaan oo ay ku heshiiyaan dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada, marka laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira arrimaha dibadda, difaaca qaranka, jinsiyadda iyo socdaalka iyo siyaasadda lacagta. Qodobka 53-aad ayaa sidoo kale dhigaya in Dowladda Federaalka ay kala tashato Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Dowladda Federaalka arrimaha waaweyn ee la xiriira heshiisyada caalamiga ah oo ay ku jiraan wada-xaajoodka ganacsiga dibadda, maaliyadda iyo heshiisyada. Dowladda Federaalka waxay xiriir laba geesood ah la leedahay dhowr dowladood oo dhexe oo ka tirsan beesha caalamka. Waxaa ka mid ah Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Masar , Imaaraadka Carabta , Yemen , Turkiga , Talyaaniga , Ingiriiska , Denmark , Faransiiska , Maraykanka , Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , Federaalka Ruushka iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya . Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr safaaradood oo dibadda ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira safaarado iyo qunsuliyado shisheeye oo kala duwan oo fadhigoodu yahay caasimadda Muqdisho iyo meelo kale oo dalka ah. Soomaaliya waxay kaloo xubin ka tahay ururo badan oo caalami ah, sida Qaramada Midoobay , Midowga Afrika iyo Jaamacadda Carabta . Waxay xubin ka ahayd Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka 1969. Xubnaha kale waxaa ka mid ah Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , Kooxda 77 , Urur Goboleedka IGAD , Bangiga Caalamiga ah ee Dib-u-dhiska iyo Horumarinta , Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka Caalamiga ah , Ururka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah , Hay'adda Maaliyadda Caalamiga ah , Dhaqdhaqaaqa aan Isbahaysiga ahayn iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ===Milatari=== [[File:Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro - 1977.jpg|thumb|Gaashaanle Sare C/laahi Axmed Cirro oo ahaa Taliyihii Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed 1977kii.]] Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliya (SAF) waa ciidamada milateriga ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Isagoo Madaxwaynuhu ka yahay Taliyaha Guud ee Qaranka, waxa dastuurku u igmaday inay sugaan qarannimada, madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee qaranka. SAF waxa ay markii hore ka koobnaayeen Ciidanka , Ciidanka Badda , Ciidanka Cirka , Ciidanka Booliska iyo Nabadsugida . Muddadii xorriyadda ka dib, waxay kortay inay ka mid noqoto ciidamada waaweyn ee qaaradda. Kaddib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991kii wuxuu horseeday in la kala diro ciidankii xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed. Sannadkii 2004-tii, waxaa si tartiib-tartiib ah dib-u-dhis ciidan loogu sameeyay dhismihii KMG ahaa. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya ayaa hadda waxaa dusha kala socda Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo la dhisay bartamihii sanadkii hore ee 2012-ka. Bishii Janaayo 2013, dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa sidoo kale dib u howlgelisay hay’addii sirdoonka qaranka ee Muqdisho, iyadoo magaca hay’addaas loo bixiyay NISA . Dawlad- goboleedka Somaliland iyo Puntland waxay ilaashadaan ammaankooda iyo ciidamadooda booliiska. ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== Xuquuqda aadanaha waxaa lagu damaanad qaaday [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka Federaalka]]. Waxay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Xuquuqda Aadanaha oo la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2013.<ref name="Usthrs">{{cite news|title=Somalia takes human rights steps|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2013/09/03/Somalia-takes-human-rights-steps/UPI-34071378218185/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UPI|date=3 September 2013}}</ref> Isla waqtigaas, maamulka dhexe wuxuu bilaabay Maalinta Qaranka ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha, ansixiyay Khariidadda Rasmiga ah ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha,<ref name=Suehhrebubcp>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E |url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014 |newspaper=UN News Centre |date=3 September 2013 |archive-date = 2014-02-20}}</ref> wuxuuna dhameystiray Siyaasadda Qaranka ee Jinsiga ee ugu horreysay Soomaaliya.<ref name="Sasrracptrwvms">{{cite web|title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|publisher=AMISOM|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Galmada lab iyo dhedig labadaba waxay ku muteysanayaan dil Soomaaliya gudaheeda. Oktoobar 3, 2020, baadhaha xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa walaac ka muujiyay dib u dhigista dowladda Soomaaliya ee ballanqaadyada xuquuqda aadanaha. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154 ee magaalada Sharjah ee dalka Imaaraadka Carabta. Soomaaliya maanta waxay leedahay diyaarado dhowr ah oo gaar loo leeyahay.]] Sida laga soo xigtay CIA-da iyo Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , iyadoo ay socdaan kacdoono sokeeye, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ku kooban yahay marka hore xoolaha iyo xawaaladaha / xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee ku nool wadamada dhaqaalahoodu horumaray, iyo isgaarsiinta gudaha . Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay yaraanta tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo soo noqnoqoshada dagaalka sokeeye ee tobanaan sano socday , way adagtahay in la qiyaaso xajmiga ama kobaca dhaqaalaha. Sannadkii 1994-kii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay GDP-ga $3.3 bilyan. Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan. Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay in GDP-gu uu koray $5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , intii lagu jiray dagaal gudaha ah oo aad u yar, qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale koray, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo waaxda warshaduhu ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho , warbixintii 2007dii waxay xustay maalgashi gaar ah oo la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, ee hawlaha ganacsiga; Taas waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ahaa ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha, gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. Sannadkii 2007, dhaqaaleyahan Libertarian Peter Leeson waxa uu dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee korodhay u sababeeyay xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida (oo loo yaqaan Xeer ), kaas oo uu soo jeediyay in uu helo jawi xasiloon oo ganacsi lagu sameeyo. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, GDP qofkiiba sanadkii 2012 wuxuu ahaa $226, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhacay marka la eego 1990. Qiyaastii 43% dadweynaha waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Mareykanka ah maalintii, qiyaastii 24% dadka laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% waxay ku nool yihiin miyiga. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamada casriga ah ee warshadaha. Soomaaliya ayaa leh geela ugu badan adduunka. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo-dhaqato reer-guuraa ah, oo xoolo dhaqato ari, ido, geel iyo lo'. Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay ururiyaan xabag iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda. ===Beeraha=== Beeraha ayaa ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada. Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta. dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $460 milyan sannadkii, taasoo ka badan wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor. Soomaaliya waxaa ka jirta hoos u dhac ganacsi oo gaaraya ilaa 190 milyan oo dollar sanadkii, balse taasi waxaa dhaaftay lacagaha ay soo diraan Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool, taasoo lagu qiyaasay ilaa hal bilyan oo dollar. Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaallaan meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carbeed, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Taas oo taas ka duulaysa, dalalka Khaliijka Carabta ayaa bilaabay inay dalka ku sameeyaan maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah, iyadoo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabayaashii dhoofinta xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna iibsaday dhul beereed aad u ballaadhan. Soomaaliya sidoo kale waa dalka ugu badan ee keena Beeyada iyo Malmalka [[File:Mogadishu Sea Port.jpg|thumb|Dekada Muqdisho]] Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Sida laga soo xigtay Rugta Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha Soomaaliyeed , in ka badan lix shirkadood oo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale bixiya duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Daallo, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Jubba, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Afrikaan Express , Bariga Afrika 540, Xarunta Hawada Dhexe iyo Hajara. Sannadkii 2008, dawladda Puntland waxay heshiis malaayiin doollar ah la saxeexatay Dubai ' Kooxda Lootah, oo ah koox warshadeed goboleed oo ka hawlgasha Bariga Dhexe iyo Afrika. Heshiiskan ayaa dhigaya in wajiga koowaad ee maalgelinta uu ku kacayo 170 m, waxaana lagu wadaa in la dhiso shirkado cusub oo ka howlgala, maamula iyo dhismaha suuqa ganacsiga xorta ah ee magaalada Boosaaso iyo dhismaha badda iyo garoonka diyaaradaha. Shirkadda Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhisto dhismaha garoonka si ay u buuxiso heerarka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan waddo cusub oo 3,400 m (11,200 fuudh) ah, dhismayaal waaweyn iyo kuwo caawiye ah, tagaasida iyo garoonnada, iyo hareeraha ammaanka. Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba joogta Soomaaliyeed, in badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado ka sameysan kalluunka oo ku yaalla gobollada waqooyi, sidoo kale waxaa ku yaalla 25 warshadood oo ku yaalla agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada, biyaha macdanta, macmacaanka, bacaha, dharka , hargaha iyo saabuunta, saabuunta iyo saabuunta, aluminium, furaashyo xumbo ah iyo barkimo, doonyo kalluumeysi, oo sameeya baakadaha, iyo kuwa dhagxaanta lagu farsameeyo . Sannadkii 2004tii, waxaa sidoo kale magaalada laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaaddeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ah. Maalgelinta shisheeye waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray dad caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan General Motors iyo Dole Fruit . ===Habka lacagta iyo lacag bixinta=== [[File:Obverse 2022 Somalia 1 oz Silver coin Leopard.jpg|thumb|2022 Soomaaliya 1 oz lacag ah Leopard (100 shilin)]] Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . Kalsooni la’aanta lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo qaato marka la barbar dhigo shilinka Soomaaliga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacag- is-weydaarsiga lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad u badan ayaa sare u kac ku yimid, gaar ahaan wax kala iibsiga oo aad u hooseeya. Sida uu sheegay Baanka Dhexe, deegaankan sicir-bararka ayaa la filayaa inuu soo afjarmo isla marka uu bangigu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegta ah ee ay shirkaduhu soo kordhiyeen. In kasta oo Soomaaliya aysan lahayn awood lacageed oo dhexe muddo ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxeysay markii uu qarxay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1991-kii iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009-kii, nidaamka lacag-bixinta ee qaranka ayaa si cadaalad ah u horumaray iyadoo ay ugu horreyso jiritaanka baahsanaanta shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha. Intooda badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin Ururka Xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA), oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama ururka ka horreeyay ee Ururka Adeegyada Maaliyadeed ee Soomaaliya (SFSA). MTO-yada Soomaalida ugu weyn waa Dahabshiil , oo ah shirkad ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2,000 oo qof oo ku kala nool 144 waddan oo laamo ku leh London iyo Dubai [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]] Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aasaasay 2012 si ay u soo jiitaan maalgashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dardargeliyo dib u dhiska ka socda Soomaaliya kadib colaadaha. ===Tamarta iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah=== Baanka Adduunka waxa uu sheegay in, 2007-dii, in korontadu ay inta badan bixiyeen ganacsiyo maxalli ah. Shirkadahan gudaha waxaa ka mid ah Shirkadda Tamarta Soomaaliyeed , oo qabata abuurista, gudbinta iyo qaybinta korontada.Sannadkii 2010, qaranku wuxuu soo saaray 310 milyan kWh wuxuuna cunay 288.3 milyan kWh oo koronto ah, oo kala galay 170aad iyo 177aad, siday u kala horreeyaan, sida ay CIA-du sheegtay. [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay kayd khayraad badan oo dabiici ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Yuuraaniyam , Bir ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . CIA-da ayaa sheegtay in ay jiraan 5.663 bilyan cubic mitir oo kayd gaas dabiici ah oo la xaqiijiyey. Lama hubo joogitaanka iyo inta uu le'eg yahay kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya. CIA-da waxa ay cadaysay in laga bilaabo 2011 aanay dalka ka jirin kayd shidaal oo la xaqiijiyey, halka UNCTAD ay soo jeedinayso in kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya ugu badan uu ku yaal xeebaha waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland. Koox saliideed ah oo ku taxan Sydney , Kheyraadka Buuraleyda , waxay ku qiyaaseen in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyi-bari uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10 6 m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 10 9 m 3 ) oo saliid ah, ayaa caddeeyey in kaydka saliidda ee Suudaan uu yahay 6.7 bilyan. Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Batroolka Soomaaliya waxaa dhistay dowladda federaalka. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay Soomaaliya ka heleen kayd weyn oo Yuraaniyaam ah iyo kayd macdaneed oo naadir ah. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshadaha ay qiyaaseen in cadadka kaydka ahi ay noqon karto in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas la yaqaan ee 800,000 oo tan. Sannadkii 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya wuxuu soo sheegay in waddanku leeyahay 5,000 tan oo uranium ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo uranium ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay kheyraad dheeraad ah (EAR) ee kaydka calcrete , iyo sidoo kale 0-150,000 oo kheyraad ah oo uranium ah. kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxa ay u xuub-siibatay soo saarista Yuraaniyaamka adduunka ugu weyn, iyada oo ay ku tartamayaan shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, Imaaraadka, Talyaaniga iyo Baraasiil. Xiriir Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah waxay saami ku leedahay gobollada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres (470,002 ha) ee Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA), oo ay ku jirto sahaminta Yuuraaniyam. Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska warshadaha ee Is dhexgalka Caalamiga ah waa shirkad tamareed oo fadhigeedu yahay Muqdisho. Waxaa ku midoobay shan shirkadood oo waaweyn oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga , maaliyadda , amniga iyo isgaarsiinta , kaddib heshiiskii wadajirka ahaa ee 2010-kii lagu saxiixay magaalada Istanbul ee dalka Turkiga si ay u bixiyaan kaabayaasha korontada iyo gaaska ee Soomaaliya. Iyada oo miisaaniyadii hore ee maalgelinta ahayd $1 bilyan, shirkaddu waxay bilawday Mashruuca Kala qaybinta Nabadda Soomaaliya, oo ah barnaamij tamar xoog leh oo xoog leh oo loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo hindisayaasha warshadaynta gudaha. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa laga filayaa in dhaqaalaha uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’ideysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya. ===Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta=== [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]] Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bilaabay in ay abuurmaan oo u tartamaan sidii ay u heli lahaayeen kaabayaal dhaqaale oo maqan. Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah oo ay maalgaliyeen ganacsato Soomaaliyeed ayna taageerayaan khubaro ka kala socota Shiinaha , Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyo Yurub, shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah ayaa bixiya adeegyo taleefoonnada gacanta iyo internetka ah oo jaban oo aan laga helin meelo badan oo kale oo qaaradda ah. Macaamiishu waxa ay ku samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha (sida Dahabshiil-ka caanka ah ) iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyaga oo isticmaalaya telefoonnada gacanta, iyo sidoo kale in ay si fudud u helaan internet wireless. Ka dib markii ay iskaashi la sameeyeen shirkado caalami ah sida Sprint , ITT iyo Telenor , shirkadahani hadda waxay bixiyaan wicitaanada telefoonka ugu jaban uguna nadiifsan Afrika. Shirkadahan isgaarsiinta Soomaalida ayaa sidoo kale adeegyo u fidiya magaalo kasta iyo magaalo kasta oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah. Hadda waxa jira ilaa 25 khadadka ugu muhiimsan 1,000kii qofba, helida khadadka taleefoonada ee maxaliga ah ( Cufnaanta taleefannada ) ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer in ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah. Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Kooxda Golis Telecom, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom iyo Kooxda Somali Telecom. Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Inkasta oo ay xafiiltamaan, dhowr shirkadood oo kuwan ka mid ah ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaanta 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha, ilaalinta iyo ballaarinta shabakadahooda, iyo hubinta in tartanka uusan ka bixin xakamaynta. Telefishinka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee ay dowladdu maamusho waa kan ugu weyn ee adeegga dadweynaha ee qaranka. Muddo labaatan sano ah ka dib, waxaa si rasmi ah dib loo howlgeliyay idaacadda 4 - tii Abriil 2011 . TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Puntland TV iyo Radio hawada gobolada waqooyi. Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr telefishin iyo shabakado raadiyo oo gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah Telefishanka Horn Cable iyo Telefishanka Universal . Wargeysyada Xog Doon iyo Xog Ogaal iyo Horyaal Ciyaaraha oo ka soo baxa caasimadda dalka dibaddiisa. Waxa kale oo jira tiro warbaahin oo online ah oo tabisa wararka gudaha, oo ay ku jiraan Garoowe Onlayn , Wardheernews, iyo Boostada Puntland. Koodhka dalka internetka ee heerka sare (ccTLD) ee Soomaaliya waa .so . Waxa si rasmi ah dib u hawl-galiyey 1-dii November 2010-kii oo ay samaysay Diiwaanka .SO, kaas oo ay nidaamisay Wasaaradda Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Qaranka. Bishii Nofembar 2013, ka dib Heshiis Is-afgarad ah oo lala saxiixday Boostada imaaraadka bishii Abriil ee sanadka, Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta dowladda federaalka ayaa si rasmi ah dib ugu dhistay Adeegga Boostada Soomaaliyeed (Boostada Soomaaliyeed). Bishii Oktoobar 2014, wasaaraddu waxay sidoo kale dib u bilawday keenista boostada ee dibadda. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Laas Geel.jpg|thumb|Sawirro qadiimi ah oo ku yaal Laas Geel , Hargeysa]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay meelo soo jiidasho leh oo maxalli ah, oo ka kooban goobo taariikhi ah, xeebo, biyo-dhacyo, silsilado buuro iyo jardiinooyin qaran. Warshadaha dalxiiska waxa maamusha wasaaradda dalxiiska ee qaranka. Maamulada Puntland iyo Somaliland waxay leeyihiin xafiisyo dalxiis oo u gaar ah. Ururka Dalxiiska Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA) ayaa sidoo kale bixiya adeegyo la-talin ah oo dalka gudihiisa ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha dalxiiska qaranka. Laga bilaabo Maarso 2015, Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Duurjoogta ee Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la qorsheeyay in la sameeyo kaydad dheeri ah iyo noocyada duurjoogta. Dowladda Mareykanka waxay kula talisay dadka safarka ah inaysan u safrin Soomaaliya. Muuqaallada xusidda mudan waxaa ka mid ah godadka Laas-geel oo ay ku jiraan fanka dhagaxa Neolithic ; Cal Madow , Buuraha Golis iyo Buuraha Oogo ; biyo-dhacyada Isku -shuban iyo Lamadaya ; iyo Seeraha Qaranka ee Hargeysa , Jilibka Qaranka , Beerta Qaranka ee Kismaayo iyo Beerta Qaranka ee Lag Badana . ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:Aden Abdullah Airport.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde]] Shabakadda waddooyinka Soomaaliya waa 22,100 km (13,700 mi). Laga bilaabo 2000 , 2,608 km (1,621 mi) jidad ayaa la saaray 19,492 km (12,112 mi) lama laami ah. Waddo dheer oo dhererkeedu yahay 750 km (470 mi) ayaa isku xirta magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga dalka, sida Boosaaso , Gaalkacyo iyo Garoowe iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Laba iyo lixdan garoon diyaaradeed oo Soomaaliya oo dhan ah ayaa qaada gaadiidka hawada; toddobo ka mid ah kuwan ayaa laami la saaray. Kuwa dambe, afar garoon diyaaradeed ayaa leh dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee ka badan 3,047 mitir (9,997 ft); laba waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 iyo 3,047 m (7,999 iyo 9,997 ft) midna waa 1,524 ilaa 2,437 m (5,000 ilaa 7,995 ft) dheer. Waxa jira shan iyo konton garoon diyaaradeed oo leh meelo ay ka soo degaan oo aan laami ahayn. Mid waxa uu leeyahay dhabo diyaaradeed oo ka badan 3,047 m; afar waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 m iyo 3,047 m dherer; labaatan waa 1,524 m ilaa 2,437 m; afar iyo labaatan waa 914 m ilaa 1,523 m; lixna waxay ka hooseeyaan 914 mitir (2,999 ft). Garoomada ugu waaweyn ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde ee Muqdisho, Garoonka Diyaaradaha Hargeysa ee Hargeysa, Garoonka Kismaayo ee Kismaayo , Garoonka Baydhabo ee Baydhabo iyo Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso. Somali Airlines oo la aas aasay 1964-tii, waxay ahayd duulimaadka calanka Soomaaliya. Waxa ay joojisay hawlihii ay ka shaqayn jirtay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii sokeeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee , dawladdii Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay ayaa markii dambe bilowday diyaargarow loogu jiro dib u hawlgelinta shirkadii la filayey in dib loo bilaabo sannadkii 2012 . In ka badan lix ka mid ah shirkadahan diyaaradeed ee gaarka loo leeyahay waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Iyadoo leh xeebta ugu dheer qaaradda, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr dekedood oo waaweyn . Gaadiidka badda ayaa laga helaa dekedaha Muqdisho, Boosaaso, Berbera , Kismaayo iyo Marka . Waxaa kaloo jira hal badeecooyin badeed ah . Waxa la aasaasay 2008, waxa ay ku salaysan tahay xamuulka. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== {{Further|Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool}} {|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Tirada Dadka{{UN_Population|ref}} |- ! style="background:#cfb;"|Sano ! style="background:#cfb;"|Milyan |- |style="text-align:left;"|1950 ||style="text-align:right;"|2.3 |- |style="text-align:left;"|2000 ||style="text-align:right;"|9.0 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Somalia}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}} |} Soomaaliya waxaa ka maqan xog la isku halayn karo. Wadanku waxa lagu qiyaasaa dad lagu qiyaasay 17.1 milyan oo degan 2021; wadarta dadka marka loo eego tirakoobkii 1975 waxay ahaayeen 3.3 milyan. Sahan ay samaysay Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay oo la sameeyay 2013 iyo 2014 ayaa lagu qiyaasay tirada guud ee dadka inay tahay 12,316,895. Qiyaastii 85% dadka deegaanka waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah , kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan deggenaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka. Waxay dhaqan ahaan u abaabulan yihiin reer guuraa xoolo-dhaqato ah, boqortooyo dabacsan, suldaanno iyo dawlad-goboleedyo. Dagaalladii sokeeye ee billowgii sagaashamaadkii waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen tirada qurbo-joogta Soomaalida , iyadoo in badan oo ka mid ah Soomaalidii aqoonta sare lahayd ay dalka ka tageen. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ayaa ah inta ka hartay shacabka Soomaaliyeed, waxayna inta badan ku badan yihiin gobollada koonfureed. Waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , Bantus , Bajuuni , Xabashi (gaar ahaan Oromo ) Yamaniyiin , Hindi , Faaris , Talyaani iyo Ingiriis . Qowmiyadda Bantus oo ah qowmiyadda ugu badan ee laga tirada badan yahay Soomaaliya, waa faracii addoomo laga keenay Koonfur-bari Afrika oo ay lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Soomaali ah. 1940kii, waxa ku noolaa Somaliland Talyaani ilaa 50,000 Talyaani ah . Inta badan reer Yurub waxay ka tageen xorriyadda ka dib, iyadoo tiro yar oo reer galbeed ah ay weli joogaan Soomaaliya oo u badan kuwa u shaqeeya hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[File:Population pyramid of Somalia 2015.png|thumb|Dadka da' kasta]] Qurba joog Soomaaliyeed oo aad u tiro badan ayaa ka jira wadamo kala duwan oo reer galbeed ah sida Maraykanka (gaar ahaan gobolka Minnesota ) iyo Ingiriiska (gaar ahaan London ), Iswidhan, Kanada, Norway, Nederland, Jarmalka, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Switzerland, Austria, Talyaaniga, iyo sidoo kale Jasiiradda Carabta , iyo dalal dhowr ah oo Afrikaan ah sida Uganda iyo Koonfur Afrika . Qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa si weyn ugu lug leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka Soomaaliya. Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed , ayaa horay u ahaa qurbo-joog, wuxuuna heystay dhalashada Mareykanka oo uu si iskii ah uga tanaasulay 2019. Dadka Soomaaliya waxa ay ku sii fidayaan kobac dhan 1.75% sanadkii, halka 1,000 qofba ay dhallaan 40.87. Wadarta heerka bacriminta Soomaaliya waa 6.08 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba (qiyaastii 2014), waana tan afaraad ee ugu sareysa adduunka, sida uu qabo Buugga Xaqiiqooyinka Adduunka ee CIA . Inta badan dadka deegaanka ayaa ah dhalinyaro, da'da dhexdhexaadka ah waa 17.7 sano; Qiyaastii 44% dadku waxay da'doodu u dhaxaysaa 0-14 sano, 52% waxay u dhexeeyaan da'da 15-64 sano, kaliya 2% waa 65 sano ama ka weyn. Saamiga lab iyo dheddig waa qiyaas dheelli tiran, iyadoo saami ahaan lagu qiyaaso inta ragga ah sida dumarka. Ma jiraan xog la isku halayn karo oo ku saabsan magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Qiyaaso adag ayaa la sameeyay oo tilmaamaya heerka magaalaynta 4.8% sanadkii (2005–2010 qiyaas ahaan.), iyadoo magaalooyin badan ay si degdeg ah u korayaan magaalooyinka. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa sidoo kale ka soo guuray miyiga una guuray magaalooyinka tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaalladii sokeeye, gaar ahaan Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo . Laga soo bilaabo 2008 , 37.7% dadweynaha qaranku waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka, iyadoo boqolkiiba ay si degdeg ah u kordheyso. ===Luuqadaha=== Af-Soomaaligu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee ugu horreysa ee Soomaaliya halka Carabiga uu yahay luqadda labaad ee rasmiga ah ee dastuurka. Af-Soomaaligu waa afkii hooyo ee dadka Soomaaliyeed oo ah qowmiyadda ugu tirada badan qaranka. Waa xubin ka tirsan laanta Kushitigga ee qoyska afafka Afro-Aasiyatiga, qaraabada ugu dhowna waa afafka Oromada, Canfarta iyo Saho. Af-Soomaaligu waa kan ugu wanaagsan ee laga diiwaan geliyo luqadaha Kushitigga, iyada oo daraasado tacliimeed lagu sameeyay laga soo bilaabo 1900 ka hor. [[File:Somali Stone.jpg|thumb|Looxa dhagaxa ah ee laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ee suugaanta Wadaad]] Af-Soomaaligu wuxuu u qaybsamaa saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: Waqooyi, Banaadir iyo Maayga. Soomaali-waqooyi (ama Waqooyi-Bartamaha Soomaaliya) ayaa saldhig u ah heerka Soomaaliga. Benaadir (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xeebta Soomaaliya) waxaa looga hadlaa xeebta Banaadir, laga bilaabo Cadale ilaa koonfurta magaalada Marka oo ay ku jirto Muqdisho, iyo sidoo kale dhulka hoose ee dhow. Lahjadaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin telefoono dheeraad ah oo aan ku qornayn Soomaali caadi ah. Maayga waxaa ku hadla inta badan beelaha Digil iyo Mirifle (Raxanweyn) ee dega deegaanada koonfurta Soomaaliya. Banaadiri waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka, marka la barbardhigo Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Somaliland. Sanado badan ayaa habab qoris kala duwan loo adeegsaday qorista afka Soomaaliga. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah alifbeetada Soomaaliga, oo ah tan ugu badan ee la isticmaalo, isla markaana noqotay qoraalka rasmiga ah ee Soomaaliya tan iyo markii Golaha Sare ee Kacaanku si rasmi ah u hirgeliyay bishii Oktoobar 1972.<ref>Economist Intelligence Unit (Great Britain) ''Middle East annual review'' (1975) p. 229</ref> Qoraallo kale oo qarniyo badan loo adeegsanayay qorista Soomaaliga waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Carabiga iyo qoraalka Wadaadka. Habab qoraal oo asal ahaan Soomaaliyeed oo la sameeyay qarnigii 20-aad waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Cusmaaniya, qoraalka Borama iyo qoraalka Kaddare.<ref>{{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|pp=86–87}}.</ref> [[Carabi|Carabiga]], oo ah luqadda labaad ee Soomaaliya,<ref name="Frspc"/> waxaa ku hadla ku dhowaad hal milyan oo Soomaali ah<ref name="ethnologue.com">{{Cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308060654/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |archive-date=8 March 2021 |access-date=2 February 2020 |website=Ethnologue}}</ref> sababo la xiriira xiriirrada qarniyada badan jiray ee ay la leedahay Dunida Carabta, saameynta ballaaran ee warbaahinta Carabiga, iyo waxbarashada diinta.<ref name="Dubnov">Helena Dubnov (2003) ''A grammatical sketch of Somali'', Kِppe, pp. 70–71.</ref><ref>Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor (1993) ''The Somalis: their history and culture'', Center for Applied Linguistics, p. 15.</ref><ref>Fiona MacDonald et al. (2000) ''Peoples of Africa'', Vol. 10, Marshall Cavendish, p. 178.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=((American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies)) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 |title=Area Handbook for Somalia |date=1969 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |page=235 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 December 2005 |title=Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide |url=http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-date=14 December 2006 |access-date=27 June 2010 |publisher=Mepc.org}}</ref><ref name="Abdullahi 2001 12">{{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=1}}.</ref> SIL Global waxay qiyaastaa tirada guud ee dadka ku hadla, iyadoo aan loo eegin heerka aqoontooda, inay ka badan tahay laba milyan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages|title=Somalia|website=Ethnologue}}</ref> Waxaa loo adeegsadaa luqad cibaado maadaama uu yahay afka [[Qur'aan|Qur'aanka]]. Soomaalidu waxay bartaan akhriska iyo qorista Carabiga iyagoo da' yar. [[File:Arabic in Somalia Graph.png|thumb|280px|left|Qiyaasta aqoonta Carabiga ee dadka Soomaaliyeed, iyadoo la kala saarayo akhriska qoraalka Qur'aanka iyo ku hadalka Carabiga.<ref name="Salad2025">{{cite journal |last=Salad |first=Hussein Ahmed |title=Somali community perception on Arabic language |journal=Horn of Africa Journal of Social Science |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=50–60 |year=2025 |doi=10.70806/frz04z80}}</ref>]] [[Af-Ingiriis|Ingiriisiga]] si weyn ayaa looga hadlaa loona dhigaa. Wuxuu ahaan jiray luqad maamul xilligii maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska, waxaana sabab u ah caalamiyeynta uu hadda caan ka yahay guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Ingiriisigu waa luqadda waxbarashada ee jaamacado badan oo Soomaaliya ku yaalla, waana mid ka mid ah luqadaha shaqada ee ugu waaweyn hay'adaha aan dawliga ahayn ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaaniga]] wuxuu ahaa luqad rasmi ah xilligii Somaliland Talyaaniga iyo muddadii wakiillimada, laakiin isticmaalkiisa aad ayuu hoos ugu dhacay kaddib xorriyadda. Hadda waxaa inta badan laga maqlaa jiilalka waaweyn, saraakiisha dowladda, iyo dadka aqoonta leh. Luqadaha kale ee laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese, oo ah nooc ka mid ah luqadda Bantu ee Sawaaxiliga oo laga hadlo xeebaha ay deggan yihiin dadka Bravanese, iyo Kibajuni, oo ah lahjad Sawaaxili ah oo ah afka hooyo ee kooxda qowmiyadeed ee laga tirada badan yahay ee Bajuni. {{clear}} ===Gobolada iyo magaalooyinka=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} ===Diinta=== {{bar box|float=right |title=[[Diinta Soomaalida]] 2010<ref name="Pew">{{cite web |title=The Global Religious Landscape|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2013|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=27 December 2013|page=49}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Diin|right1=Boqolkiiba |bars= {{bar percent|[[Islaam|Islaam]]|green|99.8}} {{bar percent|Mid Kale|red|0.2}} }} {{Main|Diinta Soomaalida}} '''Diinta Soomaaliya 2010''' Diinta Boqolkiiba Islaamka 99.8% Mid kale 0.2% [[File:Mosislsol2.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Isbaheysiga Islaamka ee magaalada Muqdisho ayaa ah masjidka ugu weyn gobolka Geeska.]] Sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew , 99.8% dadka Soomaaliya waa Muslim 315. Inta badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin laanta Islaamka ee sunniga iyo mad-habta shaaficiga ee fiqiga islaamka . suufiyada , dariiqada suufiga ah ee Islaamka, ayaa sidoo kale si fiican u dhisan, oo leh jamacooyin badan oo maxalli ah zawiya ama jameeco ka mid ah tariiqooyinka kala duwan ama suufiyada. Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu kaloo qeexayaa diinta Islaamka inay tahay diinta dowladda ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, shareecada Islaamkana ay tahay isha aasaasiga ah ee sharci-dejinta qaranka. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in aan la samayn karin xeer aan waafaqsanayn mabaadi’da aasaasiga ah ee shareecada. Diinta Masiixiga waa diimo laga tiro badan yahay Soomaaliya, dadka raacsani waxay matalaan in ka yar 0.1% dadweynaha sanadka 2010 sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew. Tirada Masiixiyiinta Soomaaliya waxa lagu qiyaasaa 1,000 qof. Waxaa jira hal dariiqo Katoolik ah oo dalka oo dhan u yaal, Diocese-ka Muqdisho , taas oo ku qiyaastay in 2004 ay jireen ku dhawaad ​​boqol dhakhaatiir Katoolik ah. Sannadkii 1913kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku noolaa dhulka Soomaalida, iyada oo ilaa 100-200 oo keliya ay ka yimaaddeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee hawlgalladii Kaatooligga ee Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska . Sidoo kale ma jirin hawl wadeenno Katoolik ah oo la yaqaan oo ka socday Somaliland Talyaani isla muddadaas. Sannadihii 1970-aadkii, xilligii ay Soomaaliya ka talinaysay dowladdii Marxist-ta , waxaa la xiray iskuulladii ay kaniisaddu maamuli jirtay, adeegayaashana waxaa loo diray guryahooda. Tan iyo 1989-kii ma jirin wax Baasaboor ah oo dalka ka howlgala, waxaana cathedral- ka Muqdisho ka dhacay burbur xooggan oo soo gaaray dagaalladii sokeeye. Bishii Disembar 2013, Wasaaradda Caddaaladda iyo Arrimaha Diinta ayaa sidoo kale soo saartay awaamiir mamnuucaysa in dalka laga qabto xafladaha Kiristaanka. Marka loo eego xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sanadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diimaha dadweynaha . Kuwaas oo u badnaan ka koobnaa qaar ka mid ah qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ku nool qaybaha koonfureed ee dalka, kuwaas oo ku dhaqma nacayb . Dhanka Bantuda , dhaqamadaas diineed waxay ka dhaxleen awoowayaashood Koonfur Bari Afrika . Intaa waxaa dheer, marka loo eego Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sannadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diinta Yuhuudda , Hinduismka , Budhiismka , ama aan ku xidhnayn diin kasta . ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Life expectancy in Somalia.png|thumb|Cimriga Soomaaliya, 1950 ilaa 2023]] Ilaa burburkii dawladdii dhexe ee sannadkii 1991-kii, haykalka hab-dhismeedka iyo hab-dhismeedka maamulka ee waaxda daryeelka caafimaadka ee Soomaaliya waxa dusha kala socday Wasaaradda Caafimaadka. Saraakiisha caafimaadka ee gobolku waxay ku raaxaysanayeen xoogaa awood ah, laakiin daryeelka caafimaadku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u dhexeya. Dawladii hantiwadaaga ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre waxay joojisay dhaq-dhaqaaqii caafimaadka ee gaarka ahaa 1972 . Nidaamkii daryeelka bulshada ee Soomaaliya ayaa si weyn u burburay dagaalladii sokeeye ee xigay. Sida waaxaha kale ee hore loo qarameeyay, bixiyayaasha aan rasmiga ahayn ayaa buuxiyey booskii banaanaa waxayna bedeleen kalidii dawladii hore ee daryeelka caafimaadka, iyada oo helitaanka tas-hiilaadka ay markhaati ka tahay koror weyn. Xarumo daryeel caafimaad oo badan, rugo caafimaad, isbitaallo iyo farmasiyo ayaa howsha lagu dhisay iyadoo loo marayo dadaallo Soomaaliyeed oo gurigooda lagu beeray. Qiimaha la-talinta caafimaadka iyo daaweynta xarumahan waa mid hooseeya, $ 5.72 booqasho kasta oo xarumaha caafimaadka ah (oo leh daboolida dadweynaha ee 95%), iyo $ 1.89-3.97 booqasho bukaan-socod iyo $ 7.83-13.95 maalintii sariiraha aasaasiga ah ilaa isbitaallada sare. Isbarbardhigga muddada 2005-2010 iyo tobankii sano ee badhkii ka hor dillaaca iskahorimaadka (1985-1990), rajada nolosha ayaa dhab ahaantii kor u kacday celcelis ahaan 47 sano ragga iyo dumarka ilaa 48.2 sano ragga iyo 51 sano haweenka. Sidoo kale, tirada hal sano jirka ah ee si buuxda looga tallaalay jadeecada ayaa kor uga kacday 30% 1985-1990 ilaa 40% 2000-2005, iyo qaaxada , waxay kor u kacday ku dhawaad ​​20% ilaa 50% isla muddadaas. Tirada dhallaanka miisaankoodu hooseeyo ayaa hoos uga dhacay min 16 1,000kiiba ilaa 0.3, taasoo ah 15% hoos u dhac ku yimid wadar ahaan isla waqtigaas. Intii u dhaxaysay 2005 iyo 2010 marka la barbardhigo 1985-1990, dhimashada dhallaanka ee 1,000 dhalasho waxay sidoo kale hoos uga dhacday 152 ilaa 109.6. Muhiimad weyn, dhimashada hooyada 100,000 ee dhallaanka waxay ka dhacday 1,600 dagaalkii ka hor 1985-1990 tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ilaa 1,100 muddadii 2000-2005. Tirada dhakhaatiirta 100,000 ee qof ayaa sidoo kale ka kacay 3.4 ilaa 4 isla waqti isku mid ah, sida boqolkiiba dadka helay adeegyada fayadhowrka, kuwaas oo ka kordhay 18% ilaa 26%. Marka loo eego xogta Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee shaqaalaha umulisooyinka, wadar ahaan 429 umulisooyin ah (oo ay ku jiraan kalkaalisooyin- umulisooyin) Soomaaliya, oo leh cufnaanta hal umuliso 1,000kii carruur ah ee nool. Siddeed xarumood oo umulisooyin ah ayaa hadda dalka ka jira, oo laba ka mid ah ay yihiin kuwo gaar loo leeyahay. Umulisada waxaa nidaamisa dowladda, waxaana loo baahan yahay shatiga si loogu shaqeeyo si xirfadeysan. Diiwaangelin toos ah ayaa sidoo kale jirta si loola socdo umulisooyinka shatiga haysta. Intaa waxaa dheer, umulisooyinka dalka waxaa si rasmi ah uga wakiil ah ururka umulisooyinka maxalliga ah, oo ka diiwaangashan 350 xubnood Marka loo eego qiyaasta hay'adda caafimaadka adduunka ee 2005, qiyaastii 97.9% haweenka iyo gabdhaha Soomaaliya ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah, caadada guurka ka hor inta badan waxay ku dhacdaa Geeska Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow. Waxaa dhiirigeliyay haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in la ilaaliyo dhawrsanaanta, laga hortago sinada, lagana ilaaliyo weerarka. Sannadkii 2013, UNICEF oo kaashanaysa maamullada Soomaaliya ayaa sheegtay in heerka baahsanaanta ee gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 1- ilaa 14-sano ee ku nool gobollada waqooyi ee Puntland iyo Somaliland ay hoos ugu dhacday 25% ka dib olole wacyigelin bulsho iyo diineed ah. Qiyaastii 93% ragga Soomaaliyeed ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay in la guday Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya heerka caabuqa HIV ee qaaradda. Taasna waxaa loo aaneynayaa dabeecadda Muslimka ah ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo ku-dhaqanka Soomaalida ku dhaqanka akhlaaqda Islaamka. Iyadoo lagu qiyaasay heerka faafidda HIV ee Soomaaliya 1987 (sannadkii warbixinta kiiskii ugu horreeyay) uu ahaa 1% dadka waaweyn, warbixin 2012 ka soo baxday UNAIDS ayaa sheegaysa in tan iyo 2004, qiyaasaha laga soo bilaabo 0.7% ilaa 1.0% la qiyaasay. In kasta oo daryeelka caafimaadku hadda inta badan ku urursan yahay ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay, nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka guud ee dalku waxa uu ku socdaa dib-u-dhiskiisa, waxaana dusha kala socota wasaaradda caafimaadka. Wasiirka caafimaadka Qamar Aadan Cali. Ismaamulka Puntland waxa uu leeyahay Wasaarad u gaar ah Caafimaadka, sida gobolka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya. Xarumaha caafimaadka ee dalka caanka ka ah ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Bariga Baardheere , Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Caabudwaaq , Isbitaalka Hooyada ee Edna Aadan iyo qeybta Hooyada ee Galbeedka Baardheere . ===Waxbarashada=== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ayaa si rasmi ah uga mas’uul ah waxbarashada Soomaaliya, waxaana ay dusha kala socotaa dugsiyada hoose dhexe , sare ,farsamada iyo farsamada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale tababaridda macallimiinta hoose iyo kuwa farsamada iyo waxbarashada dadban . Qiyaastii 15% ee miisaaniyadda dawladda waxa loo qoondeeyey hab-waxbarasho. Maamul-goboleedka Puntland iyo Somaliland ayaa iska leh wasaaradaha waxbarashada. [[File:Mogauniv1.jpg|thumb|Xarunta ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda Muqdisho ee Muqdisho]] Waxbarashada sare ee Soomaaliya hadda waa mid gaar loo leeyahay. Dhawr jaamacadood oo dalka ku yaala oo ay ku jirto jaamacadda Muqdisho ayaa lagu qiimeeyay 100-ka jaamacadood ee ugu wanaagsan qaaradda Afrika in kasta oo ay jiraan deegaan qallafsan, taasoo lagu tilmaamay inay tahay guul laga gaaray hindisayaal salka ku haya . Jaamacadaha kale ee sidoo kale bixiya tacliinta sare ee koonfurta waxaa ka mid ah Jaamacadda Banaadir , Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed , Jaamacadda Kismaayo iyo Jaamacadda Gedo . Puntland waxbarashada sare waxaa bixiya Jaamacadaha Puntland iyo Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika . Somaliland waxa bixiya Jaamacada Camuud , Jaamacada Hargeysa , Somaliland Jaamacadda Teknolojiyadda iyo Jaamacadda Burco . Dugsiyada Qur'aanka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan dugsi quran ama malcamad quran ) ayaa ah nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee barashada diinta dhaqameed. Loo yaqaan habka ugu xasilloon ee deegaanka, nidaamka aan tooska ahayn ee waxbarashada oo bixiya waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee diinta iyo akhlaaqda, xooggoodu waxay ku tiirsan yihiin taageerada bulshada iyo adeegsigooda agab waxbarasho oo gudaha laga sameeyay oo si weyn loo heli karo. Nadaamka Qur’aanka oo wax lagu baro tirada ugu badan ee ardayda marka loo eego qeybaha kale ee waxbarashada, ayaa inta badan ah nidaamka kaliya ee ay heli karaan Soomaalida reer guuraaga ah marka loo eego magaalooyinka. Si wax looga qabto khaladaadka dhanka culuumta diinta, dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa dhankeeda sidoo kale ka dib dhistay Wasaaradda Awqaafta iyo Arrimaha Islaamka, taasoo hadda lagu maamulo waxbarashada Qur’aanka. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cunto=== [[File:Banadir3.jpg|thumb|Noocyada kala duwan ee cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Soomaalida]] Cunnada Soomaalidu waa isku dhaf noocyo kala duwan oo cuntooyin ah kuwaas oo laga soo dheegtay dhadhanka Carabta , Hindida iyo Talyaaniga taas oo si toos ah uga dhalatay taariikhda baaxadda leh ee Soomaaliya ee ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga. Tusaalooyinka cuntooyinka Soomaalida waxaa ka mid ah cunnooyinka sida bariiska iyo baasto , iyo hilibka sida wan , lo'da , iyo digaagga . Xawaashyada udgoonka ah sida cumin , karoomada , iyo kiraanta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo dhadhan kala duwan suxuunta. Waxaa barbar socda maraqa , rootiga fidsan , iyo rootiga , cunnada kale ee Soomaalida waa Canjeero /Laxooh , oo ah nooc canjeero khamiir leh oo u eg roodhida fidsan ee laga dhadhamiyo Soomaaliya iyo dalalka deriska ah sida Itoobiya , Eritera iyo Yemen . Additionally, camel meat and milk are considered a delicacy. Bariiska Soomaaliya oo ah cuntada caadiga ah ee cashada ama qadada , ayaa sida caadiga ah la dhadhamiyey waxaana lagu daraa maaddooyin kala duwan sida hilibka , khudaarta , iyo, si xoogaa gaar ah, sabiib . Maaha wax aan caadi ahayn in saxankan loo soo bandhigo qaab muuqaal ah iyadoo lagu darayo midabyo badan, sababtoo ah qaybo gaar ah ayaa laga yaabaa in si macmal ah loogu dhejiyo hadhka jaalaha ah ama orange-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo saffron iyo dhir kale si kor loogu qaado bilicdeeda [[File:Djiboutian rice (bariis) and fish (kalluun), Liver (beerka) with vegetable also (Sabaayad) pancakes.jpg|thumb|Bariis Soomaali ah (bariis) iyo kalluun (kalluun), Beerka (biir) khudaar leh sidoo kale (Sabaayad) canjeelo]] Xiligii gumaystaha talyaanigu waxa si wayn loo qaatay baastada iyo laasgaabka gaar ahaan koonfurta. Shaaha iyo kafeega ayaa sidoo kale runtii caan ah. Soomaalida ayaa ka mid ahaa dadkii hore u qaatay cunista kafeega , waxaana ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ay ka mid ahaayeen ganacsatadii ugu horreysay ee dhoofisa digirta Kafeega. Qaxwaha Soomaalida, oo gudaha loo yaqaan ' Qahwo ' iyo shaaha 'Shah', ayaa aad uga dhex muuqda habka diyaarinta, kaas oo ku lug leh xulashada xawaashka kala duwan si kor loogu qaado muuqaalkeeda dhadhanka. 'Xalwo', oo si dhow ula xiriirta Cumaan ' Xalwaa ', waa daweyn jelly-la mid ah oo siman oo lagu sameeyay xawaash , iniin, laws , iyo sonkor la shiiday . Macmacaankan waxa si caadi ah loogu wada adeegaa " Qahwo ". Cunto ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameedka ah waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ama fooxa ( unsi ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa r loo yaqaan dabqaad . ===Muusiga=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Muusiga Soomaaliyeed waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Aaladaha dhaqameed ee sida weyn looga dhex muuqday fanka Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah oud lute . Inta badan waxaa la socda durbaan yaryar iyo biibiile cawsduur ah oo gadaal ka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama "codadka") ===Suugaanta=== Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ayaa sanadihii lasoo dhaafay ahaa ilo ay ka soo jeedaan abwaanno, qorayaal iyo hal-abuuro caan ah, kuwaas oo qayb weyn ka qaatay soo saarista iyo qaabaynta hab-raacyada aqoonta iyo dhaqanka Muslimiinta, mana aha oo kaliya Geeska Afrika ee waxa ay gaadheen meelo fog-fog oo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Carabta iyo gobollada kale ee adduunka. Soomaaliya waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa, oo ay ka mid yihiin, qoraaga Kanadiyaan ah iyo aqoonyahanada Margaret Laurence , "Qaranka Abwaanada " iyo "Qaranka Baadiyada ". Sahmiye iyo qoraa Ingiriis oo caan ah Richard Burton ayaa si hufan wax uga qoray Soomaaliya: Dalku wuxuu la socdaa, 'Abwaanada, nin kastaa wuxuu leeyahay mawqifkiisa la aqoonsan yahay ee suugaanta sida saxda ah ee loo qeexay sida in dib loo eegay qarniyo joornaal ah - dhegta wanaagsan ee dadkani waxay keenaysaa in ay qaataan raaxada ugu weyn ee dhawaaqyada iswaafaqsan iyo tibaaxaha maansada, halka tiro been ah ama weedh qallafsan ay ku kicinayaan." ===Casri ah=== [[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Abwaan , faylasuuf iyo hal-abuure, Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame (Hadraawi)]] Markii la qaatay farta laatiinka sannadkii 1972-kii oo laga dhigay halbeegga alifbeetada qaranka, waxaa kaloo soo saaray qorayaal Soomaali ah oo aad u tiro badan, kuwaas oo qaarkood sumcad weyn ku helay caalamka oo dhan. Qorayaashan casriga ah, Nuruddin Farah waa kan ugu caansan, isagoo helay, abaal-marinno kale, 1998-kii Neustadt ee abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee suugaanta . Faarax MJ Cawl waa qoraa kale oo caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ku ahaa sheeko-qoraalkiisii ​​xilligii Dervish , Jahligu waa cadowga jacaylka . Waxa kale oo maansada Soomaalidu aad u kobcaysay wakhtigan iyadoo Hadraawi uu sumcad qaran ku helay tiraabtiisa iyo maansadiisa. ===Ciyaaraha=== Kubadda cagta waa ciyaaraha ugu caansan Soomaaliya. Tartamada gudaha ee muhiimka ah ayaa ah horyaalka Soomaaliya iyo koobka Soomaaliya , iyadoo xulka qaranka Soomaaliya uu ciyaaro heer caalami. Kubadda kolayga ayaa sidoo kale laga ciyaaraa dalka. Horyaalkii FIBA ​​Africa 1981 ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Muqdisho 15 ilaa 23 December 1981, xiligaasi oo xulka qaranka kubada koleyga ay heleen bilada maarta ah. Sannadkii 2013-kii, waxaa magaalada Borlänge laga dhisay koox qaran oo ka tirsan kooxaha burcad badeeda Soomaalida . Waxa ay ka qaybgashay tartankii Horyaalka Adduunka ee Bandy 2014. Dhanka fanka dagaalka waxaa billad qalin ah iyo kaalinta afraad ku qaatay Faysal Jeylaani Aweys iyo Maxamed Deeq Cabdulle oo ka tirsan xulka qaranka Teekwondo-ga , waxayna ku guuleysteen koobka Taekwondo-ga Adduunka ee 2013 ee Tongeren Intaa waxaa dheer, Maxamed Jaamac waxa uu ku guuleystay labada koob ee adduunka iyo Yurub ee K-1 iyo feerka Thai . ===Dhismaha=== [[File:Gondereshe2008.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Gondershe]] Qaab-dhismeedka Soomaalidu waa dhaqan qani ah oo kala duwan oo xagga injineernimada iyo naqshadeynta ah. Iyadoo la eegayo wakhtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, dhexe iyo kuwii hore ee casriga ahaa ee dalka, waxa kale oo ay soo dhawaynaysaa isku dhafka qaab dhismeedka Somali-Islaamka oo leh nashqado casri ah oo reer galbeed ah. Soomaalidii hore, dhismooyinka haramka ah ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Taalo waxay ahaayeen qaab caan ah oo lagu aaso, iyadoo boqolaal ka mid ah taallooyinkii dhagaxaanta qallalan ay maanta ku baahsan yihiin dalka. Guryo ayaa laga dhisay dhagxaan lebisan oo la mid ah kuwii Masar hore . Waxa kale oo jira tusaaleyaal barxadaha iyo darbiyada waaweyn ee dhagaxa ah ee lagu soo dejiyey deegaamada, sida darbiga Wargade. Qaadashada Islaamka ee taariikhda dhexe ee hore ee Soomaaliya waxa ay Islaamku ka keentay Carabta iyo Faaris . Tani waxay kicisay isbeddelka dhismaha ee dhagaxa engegan iyo agabka kale ee la xidhiidha oo loo beddelay dhagaxa kooraska , lebennada qorraxda qallalan , iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee dhagaxa nuuradda ee dhismaha Soomaalida. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah naqshadaha cusub ee naqshadaha, sida masaajidda, ayaa lagu dhisay burburka dhismooyinkii hore, dhaqankaas oo socon doona qarniyada soo socda. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Warbixin Soomaaliya]] ==Taariikh nololeed== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Diriye Abdullahi |first=Mohamed |author-link=Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ |title=Dhaqanka iyo Caadooyinka Soomaaliya |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2 |series=Dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka Afrika |location=Westport, Conn}} * {{Cite journal |last= Alpers |first= Edward A. |year= 1976 |title= Gujarat iyo Ganacsiga Bariga Afrika, c. 1500–1800 |journal=[[The International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |volume= 9 |issue= 1 |pages= 22–44 |doi= 10.2307/217389 |jstor= 217389 }} * {{Cite book |author= Gebru Tareke |year= 2009 |title= Kacaankii Itoobiya: Dagaalka Geeska Afrika |url= https://archive.org/details/ethiopianrevolut0000gebr |location= New Haven,&nbsp;CT |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4}} * {{Cite book |last= Laitin |first= David D. |year= 1977 |title= Siyaasad, Luuqad, iyo Fikir: Khibradda Soomaalida |location= Chicago |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn= 978-0-226-46791-7 }} * {{Cite journal |last1= Lecarme |first1= Jacqueline |last2= Maury |first2= Carole |year= 1987 |title= Qalab Software ah oo loogu talagalay Cilmi-baarista Luuqadda iyo Qaamuusyada: Codsiga Soomaaliga |journal= Computers and Translation |volume= 2 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–36 |doi= 10.1007/BF01540131 |s2cid= 6515240 }} * {{Cite book |last=Mauri |first=Arnaldo |chapter-url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=958442 |title=Nidaamyada Bangiyada Afrika |publisher=[[Cariplo]] – Finafrica |year=1971 |editor-last=Dell'Amore |editor-first=Giordano |location=Milan |pages=209–217 |chapter=Horumarinta Bangiyada Soomaaliya}} * {{Cite book |last= Samatar |first= Said S. |year= 1982 |title = Gabayada Afka iyo Qaranimada Soomaaliyeed |location= Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-10457-9 }} * {{Cite book |last= Schraeder |first= Peter J. |year= 2006 |editor-last=Barrington |editor-first=Lowell W. |chapter-url=https://press.umich.edu/pdf/0472098985-ch5.pdf |title=Ka Dib Xorriyadda: Samaynta iyo Ilaalinta Qaranka ee Dowladaha Dhacdooyinka Kadib |pages=107–137 |chapter=Laga bilaabo Irredentism ilaa Kala-go'id: Hoos u dhaca Qaranimada Pan-Soomaali |location= Ann Arbor |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn= 978-0-472-09898-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Shay |first=Shaul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqw0DwAAQBAJ |title=Soomaaliya oo is-beddelaysa Tan iyo 2006 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-4128-5390-3 |location=New Brunswick}} * {{Cite book |last= Warmington |first= Eric Herbert |year= 1995 |title= Ganacsiga u dhexeeya Boqortooyadii Roomaanka iyo Hindiya |publisher= South Asia Books |isbn= 81-215-0670-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1= Zolberg |first1= Aristide R. |author-link1=Aristide Zolberg |last2= Suhrke |first2= Astri |last3= Aguayo |first3= Sergio |author-link3= Sergio Aguayo |year= 1989 |title= Ka Baxsiga Rabshadaha: Khilaafaadka iyo Qaxootiga Dalalka Horumarka |location= New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-19-505592-4 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Rosati |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=av8qvZ-0sHUC&pg=PA169 |title=Soosaarista Xoolaha iyo Sayniska Xoolaha Caalamka |last2=Tewolde |first2=A. |last3=Mosconi |first3=C. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Wageningen Academic Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-8686-034-0 |series=WAAP buugga sanadka |location=Wageningen |page=169}} {{Refend}} ==Xusuusin== {{lang-so|Soomaaliya}} {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|i|ə|audio=Somalia pronunciation (English).wav}} '''Soomaali:''' Soomaaliya [soːmaːlija], qoraalka Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; Carabi: الصومال, la turjumay: aṣ-Ṣūmāl '''Soomaali rasmi ah:''' Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Carabi: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية Xuduudka Jabuuti–Soomaaliya waxaa si sharci ah u maamula Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo si caalami ah loo aqoonsan yahay, laakiin dhab ahaan waxaa gacanta ku haya ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ "Qaramada Midoobay, Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada, Qaybta Dadweynaha (2022). Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |date=20220711213112 }} * [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025"] *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada ee Qaramada Midoobay] *[https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx "Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka 2022: Tusiyeyaasha tirakoobka ee gobol, degaan iyo waddan, sannad kasta 1950-2100"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx |date=20230306213755 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 <nowiki>Buug-gacmeedka Aagga Soomaaliya: La-qorayaasha: Irving Kaplan [et al.] Cilmi-baadhis iyo qoraal ayaa la dhammaystiray Juun 15, 1969</nowiki>] *[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo is-casilay iyadoo lagu jiro loolan dhanka awoodda ah"] *[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ Islaam qunyar socod ah ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} *[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Ciidamada Kenya oo la wareegay saldhigii Al-Shabaab ee Soomaaliya] *[http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay oo sheegay in la furayo baarlamaanka cusub ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhiga ahaa"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=hCb6xzeydigC&q=somalia+stillbay+culture&pg=PA201 Dhaqamada Horyaala ee Geeska Afrika: Falanqaynta Casrigii Dhagaxa ee Dhaqanka iyo Cimilada ee Somaliland iyo Qaybaha Bari ee Xabashida] *[https://archive.org/stream/geographyofherod00whee/geographyofherod00whee_djvu.txt Juqraafiga Herodotus: Waxaa laga soo sawiray Cilmi-baadhisyo Casri ah iyo daahfurkii] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ&dq=isaaq+sultanate&pg=PA274 Dabeecadda Is-dilitaanka ee Waddamada Muslinka ah ee u badan: Cudurrada faafa, Waxyaabaha halista ah, iyo Ka-hortagga] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020220/http://togdheernews.com/articles/31/05/2016/taariikhda-saldanada-reer-guuleed-ee-somaliland-abwaanibraahim-rashiid-cismaan-guure-aboor/ "Taariikhda Saldanada Reer Guuleed Ee Somaliland.Abwaan:Ibraahim-rashiid Cismaan Guure (aboor). | Togdheer News Network"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210811205734/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/degmada-cusub-ee-dacarta-oo-loogu-wanqalay-munaasibad-kulmisay-madaxda-iyo-haldoorka-somaliland/ "Degmada Cusub Ee Dacarta Oo Loogu Wanqalay Munaasibad Kulmisay Madaxda Iyo Haldoorka Somaliland"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002022805/https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/10/22/state-sponsored-violence-and-conflict-under-mahamed-siyad-barre-the-emergence-of-path-dependent-patterns-of-violence/ "Rabshadaha iyo colaadaha ay dowladdu soo qabanqaabisay ee Mahamed Siyaad Barre: soo ifbaxa qaabab rabshado ah oo ku tiirsan waddada"] *[https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604082615/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acb654.html "Somalia: Warbixin ku saabsan qabsashadii magaalada Beled Uen ee United Somali Congress (USC) ee dhamaadkii 1990 ama horraantii 1991 iyo dhibaatadii Daarood ee Beled Uen ee askarta USC"] *[https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar Cadan oo hoos imanaysa Gumaysiga Ingiriiska, 1839–1967] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022175949/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Soomaaliya waxay horay ugu socotaa ciyaaraha Taekwondo-ga aduunka"] *[http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Guul weyn Malta ee K1 Kickboxing"] *[http://www.cid.harvard.edu/neudc07/docs/neudc07_s1_p02_ahuja.pdf Gudniinka Labka ah iyo AIDS-ka: Saamaynta Dhaqaale-dhaqaale ee Dhibaatada Caafimaadka ee Eric Werker, Amrita Ahuja, iyo Brian Wendell :: NEUDC 2007 Waraaqaha :: Shirarka Horumarinta Jaamacadaha Waqooyi Bari"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131006071502/http://www.ameinfo.com/176786.html "Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Maal-gashiga Lootah ayaa kala saxiixday heshiisyo istiraatijiyadeed oo ku kacaya 170-Dhs] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928150305/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Hagaha Doorashada Puntland 2009"] *[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Iyadoo dhibaatada Soomaaliya ay sii kordhayso, ayay khubaradu u arkaan in ay meesha ka maqan tahay gargaarka"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410 "Beesha Caalamka Oo Soo Dhaweysay Madaxweynaha Cusub Ee Maamulka Kumeel Gaarka Ah Ee Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya"] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7802622.stm "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo xilka ka dagay"] *[http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Furitaanka Doodda Shirka Sannadlaha ah ee Sannadlaha, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ku booriyay Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah inay saxafada u sheegaan wax ka qabashada faqriga, argagixisanimada, xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, colaadaha"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ Dhaxalkii Gumeysiga ee Soomaaliya: Rome iyo Muqdisho: Laga soo bilaabo Maamulkii Gumeysiga ilaa Howlgalkii Rajada soo celinta] *[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120810180135/http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Soomaaliya oo kor u kacaysa labaatan sano oo dagaal sokeeye iyo qalalaase ka socday"] * ​[https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "Mylonas, Harris. De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations. Somaliland Parade"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab. Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia. Anadolu Agency"] * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs"] * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Dinfin Mulupi. Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} [https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698394.001.0001 "James Ker-Lindsay (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Lionel Casson (1984). Ancient Trade and Society"] "Jorge Alejandro Suárez. Geopolítica de lo Desconocido: Una visión diferente de la Política International" "Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C "Lidwien Kapteijns (2012). Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=D97AEAAAQBAJ "Joana Cook (2023). The Rule Is For None But Allah. Oxford University Press"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC "Ali Jimale Ahmed (1995). The Invention of Somalia"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C "I. M. Lewis & Said Samatar (1999). A Pastoral Democracy"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=kREOAQAAMAAJ "Anita Suleiman (1991). Somali studies: early history"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=GWjxR61xAe0C "J.D. Fage (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3"] * [https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican0000unse_j3c5/page/105 "Peter Robertshaw (1990). A History of African Archaeology"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=lRDYAW4wXOYC "D. W. Phillipson (2005). African Archaeology"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=6GFGsswTIO8C "Eric Delson (2004). Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory"] * [https://books.google.com/books? id=x6o4XLIKN0UC "Michael D. Petraglia (2009). The Evolution of Human Populations in Arabia"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C "Raphael Chijioke Njoku (2013). The History of Somalia"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC "Roshen Dalal (2011). The Illustrated Timeline of the History of the World"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=M6NI2FejIuwC "Phillip Briggs (2012). Somaliland"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=OP5LAAAAMAAJ "Encyclopedia Americana (1965). Volume 25"] [https://archive.org/details/peoplesofthehorn007763mbp "I. M. Lewis (1955). Peoples of the Horn of Africa"] * [https://archive.org/stream/historyanddescr03porygoog#page/n180/mode/2up "Leo Africanus (1526). The History and Description of Africa"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC "Ioan M. Lewis (1994). Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=zJU3AAAAIAAJ "M. Th. Houtsma (1987). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA17 "I. M. Lewis (1999). A Pastoral Democracy"] "Enrico Cerulli (1957). Somalia: Storia della Somalia. L'Islām in Somalia" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=DNHvb6nSN-AC&pg=PA79 "Edward A. Alpers (2009). East Africa and the Indian Ocean"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=S3oyoVIIlMQC&pg=PA22 "Nigel Harris (2003). The Return of Cosmopolitan Capital"] "Aleksi Ylönen (2023). The Horn Engaging the Gulf. Bloomsbury" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ "S. M. Yasir Arafat (2024). Suicidal Behavior in Muslim Majority Countries"] "Truhart, P. (1984). Regents of nations: systematic chronology of states. p. 72" "I. M. Lewis. A pastoral democracy (1999), p. 157." "Genealogies of the Somal (1896). Eyre and Spottiswoode (London)" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=pGkMAQAAIAAJ "Roland Anthony Oliver. History of East Africa, Volume 2 (1976)"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=iMRf1RZ9zkAC "Roland Anthony (2007). Somalia in Pictures"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=cereWkyNJckC "Kwame Anthony Appiah & Henry Louis Gates (2003). Africana"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ "Paolo Tripodi (1999). The Colonial Legacy in Somalia"] "Christopher L. Daniels (2012). Somali Piracy and Terrorism in the Horn of Africa" "Mohamed Adan Sheikh (1991). Arrivederci a Mogadiscio" "Kaplan Irving (1977). Area Handbook for Somalia. Volume 550" "Raphael Chijioke Njoku (2013). The History of Somalia. ABC-CLIO" "Muuse Yuusuf (2022). The Genesis of the Civil War in Somalia" * [https://afjn.org/somalia-mourns-a-golden-era-as-crisis-worsens/ "Somalia Mourns a 'Golden Era' as Crisis Worsens. Africa Faith and Justice Network"] * [http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/153/26334.html "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia. Global Policy Forum"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=558 "Somalia President, Parliament Speaker dispute over TFG term. Garowe Online"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USCIRF,,,4a4f272bc,0.html "USCIRF Annual Report 2009 – The Commission's Watch List: Somalia"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Somalia: Guide to Puntland Election 2009. Garowe Online"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml |date=20130928150305 }} [http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Opening Annual General Assembly Debate. UNIS Vienna (2005)"] [http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/22/un-boss-urges-support-for-somalia-ahead-of-istanbul-summit/ "Kamaal. UN boss urges support for Somalia. Horseed Media"] [http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 "Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi. Kenya High Commission"] {{Wayback|url=http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 |date=20120816100759 }} * [http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html "Analysis of EUCAP Nestor by the Global Governance Institute"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html |date=20130402205646 }} [https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/partnerships-and-data-sharing-enhance-delivery-of-somalia-drought-relief-afe-0624 "Partnerships and Data Sharing Enhance Delivery of Somalia Drought Relief. World Bank"] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html "Somalia. The World Factbook (2009)"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html "Coastline. The World Factbook"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |date=20170716042040 }} * [http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm "Somalia – Climate. Country Studies"] [http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/113 "Fatima Jibrell. Goldman Environmental Prize"] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Jeffrey Gettleman. As Somali Crisis Swells, Experts See a Void in Aid. The New York Times"] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8318798.stm "Islamists break Somali port truce. BBC News"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/28/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia "Clar Ni Chonghaile. Kenyan troops launch beach assault on Somali city of Kismayo. The Guardian"] * [http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Muddassar Ahmed. Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest. Al Arabiya"] {{Wayback|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html |date=20120809223608 }} * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece "Jonathan Clayton. Somalia's secret dumps of toxic waste. The Times"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece |date=20110810033244 }} * [http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Monetary policy"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html |date=20090125062011 }} * [http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Payment system"] {{Wayback|url=http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html |date=20090122232449 }} * [http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf "UK Somali Remittances Survey"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf |date=20201109191722 }} * [http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 "Decades of community service recognised with award - Tower Hamlets Recorder"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511205333/http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 |date=20110511205333 }} * [http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ "The curious tale of the world-beating Somali shilling - Financial Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815142257/http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ |date=20170815142257 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 "Diplomat to start Somalia's first stock market - Reuters"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930100728/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/08/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 |date=20150930100728 }} * [http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php "Mission & Vision - Somali Energy Company"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522182434/http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php |date=20230522182434 }} * [http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf "UNCTAD: Somalia Investment Data"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075656/http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf |date=20160306075656 }} * [http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ "Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917005212/http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ |date=20070917005212 }} * [http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM "OPEC: World proven crude oil reserves by country"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905210305/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM |date=20130905210305 }} * [http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia "Soma Oil & Gas May Invest $20 Million to Survey Somalia - Bloomberg"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825065126/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia |date=20130825065126 }} * [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 "Big Uranium Find Announced in Somalia - The New York Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709212617/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 |date=20200709212617 }} * [https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) - Somalia Report"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119113709/https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} * [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 "Long Forgotten Uranium Bonanza Rediscovered - MarketWatch"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517211900/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 |date=20140517211900 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/world/somalia-business-keen-to-join-forces-for-peace-idUSTRE64M158/ "Somalia business keen to join forces for peace - Reuters"] * [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 "Telecom Firms Thrive in Somalia Despite War - The Wall Street Journal"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221707/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 |date=20170718221707 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 "Radio and electronic media edge out newspapers in Somalia - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213045204/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 |date=20121213045204 }} * [http://www.soregistry.so/ "SO Registry - Official .so Domain"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031021901/http://www.soregistry.so/ |date=20141031021901 }} * [http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ "International mail services officially resume in Somalia - UPU"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172506/http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ |date=20131109172506 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true "Somalia's government launches postal service - BBC News"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103224919/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true |date=20220103224919 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 "New tourism ministry under construction in Garowe - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042703/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 |date=20160304042703 }} * [http://somta.so/ "Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA)"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123131425/http://somta.so/ |date=20190123131425 }} * [http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 "South West State to renovate Government Hotels - Goobjoog"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411145528/https://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 |date=20230411145528 }} * [https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/ "Travel Advisory: Somalia - Travel.State.Gov"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311235850/https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/?extent=32.829980986%2C-1.783760626%2C59.54518237%2C12.077308381 |date=20200311235850 }} * [http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ "Somalia to revive national airline after 21 years - Laanta"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102150005/http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ |date=20141102150005 }} * [http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ "The long awaited Somali Airlines is Coming Back! - Keydmedia Online"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231315/http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ |date=20131202231315 }} * [https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO "World Bank Open Data: Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130043543/https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO |date=20231130043543 }} * [https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf "UNFPA: Population Estimation Survey of Somalia 2014"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf |date=20170804014649 }} * [http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html "The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191857/http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html |date=20140416191857 }} * [http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf "The Global Religious Landscape - Pew Research Center"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |date=20130806002044 }} * [http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm "Somalia – Education Overview - WES"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511075522/http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm |date=20110511075522 }} * [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html "The State Of The World's Midwifery - UNFPA"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120184853/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html |date=20120120184853 }} * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|pp=170–1}} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=109}} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|page=113}} * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * {{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohammed |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia (Culture and Customs of Africa) |url=https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=2012 |isbn=9780313313332 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri/page/98 98]–99}} * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia - Britannica"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ |date=20221014163003 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ker-Lindsay |first1=James |title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-969839-4 |pages=58–59}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Ancient Trade and Society - Lionel Casson"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ |date=20160805112006 }} * {{cite book|last1=Suárez|first1=Jorge Alejandro|title=Geopolítica de lo Desconocido|isbn=979-8393720292|page=227}} * {{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}} * {{cite book|author=Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe|title=The Collapse of the Somali State|year=1996|isbn=1-874209-91-X|pages=34–35}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 "Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 |date=20230207231426 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations - Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080323/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html "Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier - NYT"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html |date=20181128005934 }} * [[suspicious link removed] "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia, US Warlordism & AU Shame"] * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213 "The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia's Al-Shabaab"] * {{Cite book |title=The Rule Is For None But Allah |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780197690390 |page=111}} * [[suspicious link removed] "The Production of Somali Conflict and the Role of Internal and External Actors"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Somali president resigns amid power struggle - The Guardian"] * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ "Moderate Islamist picked as Somali president - CNN"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16979440 "Somalia's al-Shabab join al-Qaeda - BBC News"] * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 "Somalia conflict: Al-Shabab 'collects more revenue than government'"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 |date=20220928121250 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab - Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia - Anadolu Agency"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 |date=20230930234435 }} * [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm "Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed"] {{Wayback|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm |date=20131007224547 }} * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance - United Nations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html |date=20220329160054 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SO Saadaasha Horumarka Muhiimka ah ee Soomaaliya] laga helay [[International Futures]] === Dawladda === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so Albaabka rasmiga ah ee dowladda] – albaabka u furmaya bogagga dowladda * [https://villasomalia.gov.so/en Madaxtooyada] {{Wayback|url=https://villasomalia.gov.so/en |date=20250715221010 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha Soomaaliya * [https://opm.gov.so Ra’iisul Wasaaraha] – bogga rasmiga ah ee ra’iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya * [https://senate.gov.so Aqalka Sare] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya * [http://www.parliament.gov.so Baarlamaanka] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya * [https://nbs.gov.so Xog-ururin] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Xafiiska Qaranka ee Xog-ururinta Soomaaliya === Taariikh === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so/about-somalia "Taariikh"] – Taariikhda Soomaaliya ee bogga Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya === Dalxiis === * [https://tourism.gov.so Waaxda Dalxiiska] {{Wayback|url=https://tourism.gov.so/ |date=20230506225038 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Dalxiiska, Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Dhaqanka & Dalxiiska === Khariidado === * {{Wikiatlas}} * {{Osmrelation-inline|192799}} {{Navboxes |list = {{Midowga Afrika}} }} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Subject bar|Soomaaliya|Afrika|Dalalka|auto=yes|voy=Soomaaliya}} {{Authority control}} {{Template:Dalalka Afrika}} <!-- ugu hooseeya per [[WP:SUBCAT]] - hoosaadka dalalka ee hoostaga qaybaha gobolka --> jhwbec49f26u2k31tzjlvn6pveooi0w 307467 307464 2026-09-07T22:07:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* Xiriirinta dibadda */ Sixid 307467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soomaaliya''', sida rasmiga ah Jamhuuriyadda '''Federaalka Soomaaliya''' waa dalka bari ee qaaradda Afrika . Waxay ku fidsan tahay Geeska Afrika , waxay xad la wadaagtaa [[Itoobiya]] galbeed, [[Jabuuti]] waqooyi galbeed, [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed oo waqooyi, iyo bari [[badweynta Hindiya]] . Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika. Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 18.1 milyan, kuwaas oo 2.7 milyan ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee [[Muqdisho]] . Mid ka mid ah wadamada Afrika ee isku isir ahaan isku hayb ah, ku dhawaad ​​85% dadka Soomaaliya deggan waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah . Luuqadaha rasmiga ah ee dalka waa [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaali]] iyo [[carabi]] in kastoo [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaaligu]] yahay luuqadda koowaad . Soomaaliya waxay xiriir taariikhi ah iyo mid diimeed la leedahay dalalka Carabta . Dadku waa muslimiin , oo raacsan laanta sunniga . {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Somalia | common_name = Somalia | native_name = {{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya}}<br />{{native name|ar|جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية|italics=off}}<br /> Jumhūriyah aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fīdirāliyah | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | coa_size = 100 | languages2_type = Luuqada labaad | languages2 = [[Carabi]] | national_anthem = {{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]}}<br /><br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Somalia_svg_map.svg|frameless]]<br />{{Legend|#336830|Dhulka gacanta lagu hayo}}{{Legend|#61E760|[[Somaliland|Dhul sheegta balse aan la xakameyn]]}}|Show globe|[[File:Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Show map of Somalia|default=1}} | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Muqdisho]] | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] <ref name=MFA>{{cite web|url=https://web.mfa.gov.so/the-government/|title=The Government|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=Ali>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Maryan|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa|editor1-first=Esther Mukewa|editor1-last=Lisanza|editor2-first=Leonard|editor2-last=Muaka|chapter=Language Policy in Somaliland and Somalia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|year=2024|isbn=9783031573071|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_24|pages=511–524}}</ref><ref name="factbook">{{cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |date=10 November 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125103534/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | religion = [[Islaam|Sunni Islaam]] (Rasmiga ah)<ref name="factbook"/> <!-- check factbook references before changing! --> | demonym = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] <ref name="factbook"/> | government_type = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda baarlamaanka Federal]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] | leader_title2 = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]] | legislature = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Aqalka Sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Guurtida]] | lower_house = Golaha Shacabka | sovereignty_type =Dhisidda | established_event1 = [[Dhul Udug]] | established_date1 = 2350 BC | established_event2 = [[Macrobians|Macrobia]] | established_date2 = 980 BC | established_event3 = [[Barbaria (region)|Barbaria]] | established_date3 = 100 BC | established_event4 = [[Saldanadii Cadal]] | established_date4 = Qarniga 9aad <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ |title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho |date=1969 |publisher=International African Institute |pages=140 |language=en}}</ref> | established_event5 = [[Muqdisho|Saldanadii Muqdisho]] | established_date5 = Qarniga 10aad | established_event6 = [[Saldanadi Ifat]] | established_date6 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event7 = [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]] | established_date7 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event8 = [[Hiraab|Hiraab Imamate]] | established_date8 = Qarniga 16aad | established_event9 = [[Geledi|Saldanadii Geledi]] | established_date9 = 1695–1911 | established_event10 = [[ Majeerteen |Saldanadii Majeerteen]] | established_date10 = 1648–1927 | established_event11 = [[Hobyo|Saldanadii Hobyo]] | established_date11 = 1878–1927 | established_event12 = [[Isimtooyada Isaaq|Saldanadii isaaq]] | established_date12 = 1749–1884 | established_event13 = [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] | established_date13 = 1884 | established_event14 = [[Mustacmarka Talyaani Soomaaliya|Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga]] | established_date14 = 1889 | established_event15 = [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Soomaaliya|Xorriyadda]] iyo midowga la leh [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlada Somaliland]] | established_date15 = 1 July 1960 | established_event16 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date16 = 1 Ogosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657<ref name="factbook"/> | area_rank = 43aad <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 19,280,850<ref name="data.humdata.org">{{Cite web |title=OCHA Somalia - Subnational Population Statistics |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ps-som}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 66aad | population_density_km2 = 27.2<ref name="WPP_2022">{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|title=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects |edition=online |publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|website=population.un.org|access-date=16 July 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $34.118 bilyan<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Somalia – IMF DataMapper |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/SOM |website=imf.org |publisher=[[IMF]] |date=April 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_rank = 147aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,965<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $14.174 bilyan<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_rank = 145aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $813<ref name="auto"/> | Gini = 36.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|archive-date=17 Bisha Todobaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only-->0.404 | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 192aad | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali|Soomaali shillin]] | currency_code = SOS | time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]: 85% * [[Tirakoobka daljoogaha Soomaaliya|Kuwa kale ]]: 15% }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="factbook"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3QwAQAAIAAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho|date=1998|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0|language=en}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 }} Waagii hore, Soomaaliya waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi oo muhiim ah. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii dhexe, dhowr boqortooyo oo xoog badan ayaa ka talinayay ganacsiga gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Suldaanka Ajuran]] , [[Adal Sultanate]] , iyo Suldaanka Geledi . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, suldaanadii Soomaaliyeed waxa gumaystay boqortooyadii [[Talyaaniga]] iyo [[Ingiriiska]] kuwaas oo dhammaan dhulalkaas qabyaaladda isugu daray laba gumaysi oo kala ah : Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] . 1960kii, labada dhul ayaa midoobay si ay u dhistaan ​​Jamhuuriyad Soomaaliyeed oo madax bannaan oo hoos timaada dowlad rayid ah. Siyaad Barre oo ka tirsanaa Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC) ayaa xukunka la wareegay 1969-kii, wuxuuna aasaasay [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga]] ahayd ee Soomaaliya , isagoo isku dayay inuu si naxariis darro ah u burburiyo Dagaalkii Madax-bannaanida [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] ee waqooyiga dalka. SRC waxay burburtay 1991 markii uu bilaabmay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya . Dawladdii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Soomaaliya (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay 2000, ka dibna waxaa la dhisay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee Soomaaliya (TFG) 2004tii, taasoo dib u soo celisay ciidamadii qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya . Dhamaadkii 2006dii, duullaan ay Xabashida Maraykanku dabada ka riixayeen ayaa afgambiyay Maxkamadihii Islaamiga ahaa (ICU), taasoo keentay in ay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee [[Muqdisho]] ka dhisto Muqdisho oo ay ciidammada Itoobiya qabsadeen . Kacdoonkii xigay ee soo shaac baxay ayaa maxaakiimta u kala jabay jabhado kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto kooxda xagjirka ah ee [[al-Shabaab]] , kuwaas oo dagaal daba dheeraaday kula jiray ciidamada Itoobiya. Al-Shabaab waxay markiiba bilawday inay xaqiijiso in ay ka talinayso dhuleed markii ugu horaysay, iyadoo dabayaaqadii 2008 ay jabhadu ka saartay ciidamada Itoobiya inta badan Soomaaliya. Sannadkii 2009, dawlad cusub oo TFG ah ayaa la dhisay. Bartamihii 2012, al-Shabaab waxay lumisay inta badan dhulalkeeda intii ay socdeen dagaalladii ka dhanka ahaa TFG iyo [[ciidamada Midowga Afrika]] . Isla sanadkaas, al-Shabaab waxay ballan-qaadday inay la midoobayaan al-Qaacida . Muqaawamada ayaa weli gacanta ku haysa inta badan bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya, waxayna saameyn ku leeyihiin meelaha ay dowladdu maamusho, iyadoo magaalada Jilib ay u tahay caasimadda u ah fallaagada. Dastuur cusub oo ku meel gaar ah ayaa la ansixiyay Agoosto 2012, dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay Soomaaliya sida federaal . Isla bishaas, waxaa la dhisay Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya , waxaana dib u dhis lagu sameeyay Muqdisho. Soomaaliya waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu horumarsan caalamka, waxaana daliil u ah sida ay u qiimeeyeen mitirka mitirka sida GDP qofkiiba iyo halka ay ku dhowdahay halka ugu hooseysa ee Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha , waxa ay ka sareysaa oo kaliya Koonfurta Suudaan . Waxay ilaalisay dhaqaale aan rasmi ahayn oo inta badan ku salaysan xoolaha nool, xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee dibadda ka shaqeeya iyo isgaarsiinta. Waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay , [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] , Midowga Afrika , Dhaqdhaqaaq aan Isbahaysi ahayn , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , iyo Ururka [[Islaam|Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Asalka erayga== Samaale, oo ah awoowaha ugu da'da weyn dhowr qabiil oo Soomaaliyeed, ayaa guud ahaan loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay halka uu ka soo jeedo magaca Soomaali. Aragti kale ayaa ah in magaca loo haysto inuu ka soo jeedo ereyada "soo" iyo "maal", kuwaas oo marka la isu geeyo macnahoodu yahay "tag" iyo "caano". Fasiraaddani way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran gobolka, iyadoo Soomaalida waqooyi ay tilmaamayso inay ula jeedaan "tag iyo caano" oo la xiriira caanaha geela, halka Soomaalida koonfureed ay adeegsadaan tarjumaadda "sa' maal" oo tilmaamaysa caanaha lo'da. Tani waxay tilmaan u tahay xoolo-dhaqatada meel walba leh ee dadka Soomaaliyeed. Aragtiyo kale ayaa soo jeedinaya in ereyga Soomaali uu ka yimid erey Carabi ah oo macnihiisu yahay "hodan", taas oo mar kale tilmaamaysa hodantinimada Soomaalida ee xoolaha. Taa beddelkeeda, magaca Soomaaliga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka yimid Automoli (Asmach), oo ahayd koox dagaalyahanno ah oo ka timid Masar hore, kuwaas oo uu ku tilmaamay Herodotus. Asmach waxaa loo maleynayaa inuu ahaa magacooda Masaariga, halka Automoli uu yahay asal Giriig ah oo ka yimid ereyga Cibraaniga ah ee S'mali (macnaha "dhinaca bidixda"). Dukumeenti Shiinees ah oo laga soo xigtay qarnigii 9-aad Miilaadiga ayaa tilmaamaya xeebaha waqooyiga Soomaaliya, oo markaas ka mid ahaa gobolka ballaaran ee Waqooyi-bari Afrika ee loo yaqaan Barbaria, iyada oo loola jeedo dadka deggan Barbars (Kuushitik) ee deegaanka, sida Po-pa-li. Tixraac qoraaleedkii ugu horreeyay ee cad ee magaca Soomaalida wuxuu soo bilaabmay horraantii qarnigii 15-aad Miilaadiga xilligii boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Isxaaq I, kaas oo mid ka mid ah saraakiisha maxkamaddiisu qoray hees uu ugu dabaaldegayo guushii milatari ee ay ka gaareen Saldanadda Ifat. Simur wuxuu kaloo ahaa magac Harari qadiimi ah oo loogu yeeri jiray dadka Soomaaliyeed. Soomaalidu waxay si weyn u door bidaan ereyga "Soomaali" marka loo eego "Soomaaliga", maadaama kan hore uu yahay halqabsi, halka kan dambe uu yahay qaab laba-jibbaaran ah. Ereyga af-Soomaaliga marka laga eego juqraafi-siyaasadeed ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa dadka Horn of Africa, kuwaas oo ka tirsan qowmiyadda Kuush. ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda ka hor=== [[File:Laas Geel single cow.jpg|thumb|Farshaxanka Neolithic ee dhismaha Laas Geel oo muujinaya sac gees-dheer]] Soomaaliya waxay u badan tahay inay ka mid ahayd dhulkii ugu horreeyay ee ay dageen bini'aadam hore, iyadoo loo eegayo meesha ay ku taal. Ugaarsadayaasha oo hadhow Afrika ka haajiray waxay u badan tahay inay halkan degeen ka hor intaanay guurin. Intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa, dhaqamada Dooyan iyo reer Hargeysa ayaa halkan ku soo barbaaray. Caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee caadooyinka aaska Geeska Afrika waxay ka timid qabuuraha Soomaaliya ilaa qarnigii 4aad ee BC. Qalabka dhagaxa ah ee laga soo qaaday goobta Jaleelo ee waqooyiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay 1909 inay yihiin farshaxanno muhiim ah oo muujinaya caalimnimada qadiimiga ah inta lagu jiro Paleolithic ee u dhexeeya Bariga iyo Galbeedka. Sida laga soo xigtay khubarada afafka, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka intii lagu jiray xilligii Neolithic ee xigay oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay ("Dhulka asalka ah") ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow . Dhismaha Laas -geel oo ku yaalla duleedka magaalada Hargeysa ee Waqooyi-galbeed Soomaaliya ayaa soo jirtay qiyaastii 5,000 oo sano, waxaana ku yaalla farshaxanno dhagax ah oo muujinaya xayawaanka duur-joogta ah iyo lo'da la qurxiyay. Sawirro kale oo godad ah ayaa laga helay gobolka Dhambalin ee woqooyiga , kaas oo ka muuqda mid ka mid ah sawirradii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan ugaarsiga fardaha. Farshaxanka dhagaxa waxa uu taariikhdiisu ahayd 1,000 ilaa 3,000 BCE. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka Laas-Khorey iyo Ceel Ayo ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya waxaa ku taal Karinhegane , oo ah goobta lagu sawiray godad fara badan, kuwaas oo wadar ahaan lagu qiyaasay ilaa 2,500 oo sano Geela waxa la rumaysan yahay in uu ku dhaqmi jiray gobolka Geeska intii u dhaxaysay qarnigii 2aad iyo 3aad ee BC. Halkaa waxa ay ku fiday Masar iyo Maghrib . ===Waagii qadiimiga iyo qadiimiga ahaa=== [[File:Men from Punt Carrying Gifts, Tomb of Rekhmire MET 30.4.152 EGDP013029.jpg|thumb|Rag reer Punt ah oo sita hadiyado, Qabriga Rekhmire .]] Dhismayaasha Ahraamta qadiimiga ah , Mowlacyo , magaalooyin burburay iyo gidaaryo dhagax ah, sida darbigii Wargade , waxay daliil u yihiin ilbaxnimo hore oo ka hanaqaadi jirtay gayiga Soomaaliyeed. Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku naaloonaysay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd Masar hore iyo Giriiggii Mycenaean tan iyo qarnigii labaad ee BC . Puntites oo u dhashay gobolka waxay ka ganacsan jireen malmalka , xawaashka, dahabka, eboniga, lo'da gees-gaaban, fool-maroodi iyo fooxa oo ay la socdeen Masaarida, Finiisiyaanka, Baabiliyiinta, Hindida, Shiinaha iyo Roomaanka iyaga oo u maraya dekedahooda ganacsi. Duulaan Masri ah oo ay u soo dirtay boqortooyadii 18-aad ee boqorad Hatshepsut ayaa lagu duubay macbudka Deir el-Bahari , xilligii boqortooyadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo Queen Ati. Waagii qadiimiga ahaa , Macrobiyaanka , oo laga yaabo in ay awoow u ahaayeen Soomaalida, ayaa aasaasay boqortooyo awood leh oo ka talinaysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Soomaaliya casriga ah. Waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray cimrigooda iyo maalkooda, waxaana la sheegay inay ahaayeen kuwa ugu dheer oo ugu quruxda badan ragga oo dhan. Macrobiyadu waxay ahaayeen dagaalyahanno xoolo-dhaqato ah iyo badmaaxayaal. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Herodotus, Imbaraadoorkii Faaris Cambyses II , markii uu qabsaday Masar 525 BC, wuxuu u diray safiirro Macrobia, isagoo u keenay hadiyado qaali ah boqorka Macrobiya si uu u soo gudbiyo. Hogaamiyihii Macrobiya oo lagu doortay dhererkiisa iyo quruxdiisa, waxa uu taa beddelkeeda kaga jawaabay loolan uu dhiggiisa Beershiya uga dhigay qaanso aan xidhnayn: haddii Faaris ay awoodaan in ay sawiraan, waxa ay xaq u yeelan lahaayeen in ay dalkiisa ku soo duulaan; laakiin ilaa iyo markaas, waa in ay u mahad naqayaa ilaahyada in Macrobians waligood go'aansan in ay ku duulaan boqortooyadooda. Macrobians-ku waxay ahaayeen awood gobol oo lagu asteeyay qaab-dhismeedkooda horumarsan iyo hantidooda dahabka ah , taas oo aad u badan oo ay maxaabiistooda ku xidheen silsilado dahab ah. Inta lagu jiro xilliga qadiimiga ah, gobollada Barbara ee Mosylon , Opone , Mundus , Isis , Malao , Avalites , Essina , Nikon iyo Sarapion waxay sameeyeen shabakad ganacsi oo faa'iido leh, oo ku xiran ganacsato ka timid Ptolemaic Masar , Giriiggii hore , Fenisiya , Parthian Persian , Boqortooyadii Roomaanka , Boqortooyada Saban , Nabata . Waxay isticmaali jireen markabkii qadiimiga ahaa ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaanay beden si ay shixnadooda u daabulaan. [[File:Beden.jpg|thumb|Beden waa mid dheereeya, oo qadiimi ah markab badeed keligiis ah ama laba-jibbaaran.]] Ka dib qabsashadii Roomaanku ee Boqortooyadii Nabataean iyo joogitaankii ciidamada badda ee Roomaanka ee Cadan si ay u xakameeyaan budhcad-badeedda, ganacsato Carbeed iyo Soomaali ah waxay ku heshiiyeen Roomaanku in maraakiibta Hindiya laga mamnuuco inay ka ganacsadaan magaalooyinka dekedaha xorta ah ee Jasiiradda Carabta si loo ilaaliyo danaha ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ee ganacsiga faa'iidada badan leh ee u dhexeeya badaha Cas iyo Mediterranean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay sii wadeen ganacsiga magaalooyinka dekedaha ah ee jasiiradda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo ka madax bannaan faragelinta Roomaanka. Qarniyo badan, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay Soomaaliya iyo Carabta u keeni jireen tiro badan oo qorfe ah Ceylon iyo Jasiiradaha Spice . Meesha laga helo qorfaha iyo xawaashka kale waxa la sheegaa in ay ahayd sirta ugu fiican ee ay ka heli jireen ganacsatadii Carabta iyo Soomaalida ee ka ganacsan jiray Rome iyo Giriigga; Roomaanka iyo Giriiggu waxay rumaysnaayeen in isha laga soo xigtay ay ahayd jasiiradda Soomaalida. Heshiiskii wada shaqayneed ee dhexmaray ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ayaa sicir barar ku keenay qiimaha qorfaha Hindiya iyo Shiinaha ee Waqooyiga Afrika, Bariga dhow iyo Yurub, wuxuuna ganacsiga qorfaha ka dhigay mid dakhli abuur ah oo faa'iido badan leh, gaar ahaan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed. ===Dhalashada Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe=== [[File:Silk route.jpg|thumb|Waddada xariirta oo ku fidsan Shiinaha ilaa koonfurta Yurub, Carabta, Soomaaliya, Masar, Faaris, Hindiya, iyo Java]] Islamka waxa deegaanka soo galiyay horraantii muslimiintii ugu horaysay ee ka soo carartay dacwooyinkii xiijii ugu horaysay iyada oo Masjid al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laga dhisay ka hor inta aanu Qiblada u socon dhanka Maka . Waa mid ka mid ah masaajidda ugu faca weyn Afrika. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi waxa uu qoray in Muslimiintu ay ku noolaayeen hareeraha badda woqooyi ee Soomaaliya. Waxa kale oo uu xusay in Boqortooyada Adal ay caasimad u ahayd magaalada. Sida uu qabo Leo Africanus , Adal Sultanate waxa maamuli jiray boqortooyo Soomaaliyeed oo deegaanka ah , dhulkeeduna waxa uu ka koobnaa dhulka juqraafi ahaan u dhexeeya Bab el Mandeb iyo Gacanka Gardafuu. Sidaas waxaa dhanka koonfureed uga xigay Boqortooyadii Ajuuraan , dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xigay Boqortooyadii Xabashida . Qarniyadii dhexe oo dhan waxa Somaliland yimi dad Carbeed, waayo-aragnimo taariikhi ah oo hadhow horseedi doonta sheekooyinka halyeyga ah ee sheekhyadii Muslimiinta sida Daarood iyo Isxaaq Binu Axmed (oo la sheegay in ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha Daarood iyo Isaaq , siday u kala horreeyaan) iyaga oo ka soo socdaalay Carabta una socdaalay Soomaaliya kuna guursaday qabiilka Dir ee deegaanka . Sannadkii 1332-kii, Boqorkii Adal ee Saylac ahaa ayaa lagu dilay olole millatari oo ujeedkiisu ahaa in la hakiyo socodkii ay magaalada ku soo jeedday Amda Seyon 1aad ee Xabashida. Markii Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Ifat, Sacad Ad-Diin II, lagu dilay Saylac 1410 , caruurtiisii ​​waxay u baxsadeen Yaman, ka hor intaysan ku soo laaban 1415 . II, oo saldhig cusub ka samaystay Yemen ka dib [[File:Imaam Ahmed Gurey.jpg|thumb|Taalada Axmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , Imaamkii Boqortooyada Adal]] Xarunteedii Adal ayaa mar kale loo raray qarnigii xigay, markan dhanka koonfureed waxa loo raray Harar . Caasimaddan cusub, Adal waxa uu abaabulay ciidan wax ku ool ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , (Ahmad "Gurey" ama "Gran"; labaduba waxay ka dhigan yihiin "gacanta bidix") iyo Jeneraalka ugu dhow dhow iyo seedigii Garaad Mataan . Qabiilka Imaam Axmed waxaa la caddeeyey inay ka soo jeedaan Geri Koombe , oo ah jifada Daarood. Ololahan qarniga 16-aad waxaa taariikh ahaan loo yaqaanaa Gumeysiga Xabashida ( Futuh al-Habash). Intii uu dagaalka socday, Imaam Axmad waxa uu hormood u noqday adeegsiga madfac ay ka heli jirtay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, kuwaas oo uu ka soo waariday Saylac oo uu ku soo daad-gureeyey ciidamadii Xabashida iyo xulafadooda Bortuqiisku ee uu hoggaaminayay Cristovão da Gama . Xilligii Ajuuraan Saldanada , magaalooyinka iyo jamhuuriyadaha Marka , Muqdisho , Baraawa , Hobyo iyo dekedooda waxay lahaayeen ganacsi faa'iido badan oo shisheeye ah oo ay ka heli jireen maraakiib u kala goosha dalalka Carabta, Hindiya, Venetia , Paris, Masar, Portugal iyo ilaa Shiinaha. Vasco da Gama , oo soo maray Muqdisho qarnigii 15-aad, ayaa xusay inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo ay ku yaallaan dhowr dabaq oo dhaadheer iyo daaro waaweyn oo ku yaalla bartamaha magaalada, iyadoo ay u dheer tahay masaajidyo badan oo leh minaarado cylindrical ah. Harla , oo ah koox hore oo Hamitic ah oo dhererkeedu dheeraa oo degi jiray qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya, Tchertcher iyo meelo kale oo Geeska ah, waxay sidoo kale dhiseen tuuli kala duwan . Dhagarqabayaashan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay awoow u ahaayeen qowmiyadaha Soomaalida. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|[[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Ajuran Sultanate]] waxa ay sii waday xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd boqortooyadii Ming iyo boqortooyooyinkii kale.]] Qarnigii 16-aad, Duarte Barboosa waxa uu xusay in maraakiib badan oo ka timid Boqortooyadii Cambaya ee waqtigan casriga ah ee Hindiya ay u shiraacdeen Muqdisho iyagoo wata maryo iyo xawaash, taas beddelkeedana ay heleen dahab, dhux iyo fool maroodi. Barbosa waxa kale oo ay iftiimisay hilibka, sarreenka, shaciga, fardaha iyo khudaarta ee suuqyada xeebaha, kuwaas oo ganacsatadu ka soo saarteen hanti aad u badan. Muqdisho, oo ah xarunta warshadaha dharka ee kobcaya ee loo yaqaan toob benadir ( oo ku takhasusay suuqyada Masar, iyo meelo kale , oo ay weheliyaan Merca iyo Barawa, waxay sidoo kale u ahayd meel ay ku sii maraan ganacsatada Sawaaxiliga ee Mombasa iyo Malindi iyo ganacsiga dahabka ee Kilwa . Ganacsato Yuhuudi ah oo ka timid Hormuz waxay keeneen dharkoodii Hindida iyo miraha badda Soomaaliya si ay ugu beddelaan hadhuudh iyo alwaax. Xiriirka ganacsiga waxaa la aasaasay Malacca qarnigii 15aad, oo leh maro, ambergris iyo porcelain oo ah badeecadaha ugu muhiimsan ee ganacsiga. Geri, zebras iyo fooxa ayaa loo dhoofin jiray Boqortooyadii Ming ee Shiinaha, taasoo ka dhigtay ganacsatada Soomaalida inay hormuud ka noqdaan ganacsiga u dhexeeya Bariga Aasiya iyo Geeska. Ganacsato Hinduuga ah oo ka soo jeeda Surat iyo ganacsatada Koonfur-bari Afrikaanka ee Pate , iyagoo doonaya inay ka gudbaan labada go'doominta Boortaqiiska ee Hindiya (iyo markii dambe faragelintii Cumaan), waxay adeegsadeen dekedaha Soomaaliya ee Merca iyo Barawa (kuwaas oo ka baxsan xukunka tooska ah ee labada awoodood) si ay ganacsigooda ugu sameeyaan ammaan iyo faragelin la'aan. ===Waagii hore ee casriga ah iyo u halgamidda Afrika=== [[File:Mogadishu1936.jpg|thumb|magaalada Muqdisho ee xarunta dalka Talyaaniga ayaa waxaa ku yaalla xarunta kaniisada Kathedral-ka ee Catholic-ga iyo taallada weyn ee lagu maamuusayo Boqor Umberto I ee Talyaaniga.]] Waagii hore ee casriga ahaa , dawladihii bedeli lahaa Adal Sultanate iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka koraan Soomaaliya. Waxaa ka mid ahaa Imaamyadii Hiraab , Suldaan Isaaq oo uu hoggaaminayay reer Guuleed , Suldaankii Habr Yuunis oo uu hoggaaminayey reer Caynaanshe , Suldaankii Geledi (Boqortooyadii Gobroon), Saldanada Majeerteen (Migiurtinia), iyo Saldanadda Hobyo . Waxay sii wateen dhaqankii qalcado-dhisidda iyo ganacsiga badda mara ee ay aasaaseen boqortooyooyinkii hore ee Soomaaliya. Suldaan Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim oo ahaa Suldaankii Sadexaad ee Golaha Deegaanka Gobroon ayaa Bilaabay Taariikhdii dahabiga ahayd ee Boqortooyadii Gobroon. Ciidankiisu waxay guulo ka soo hoyeen Jihaadka Baardheere, kaasoo dib u soo celiyay xasiloonidii Gobolka, dib u soo nooleeyay ganacsigii fool-maroodiga ee Bariga Afrika . Waxa kale oo uu lahaa xidhiidh wanaagsan oo uu hadiyado ka heli jiray saldanada boqortooyooyinka dariska iyo kuwa fog sida Cumaan, Witu iyo salaadiinta Yemen. Inankii Suldaan Ibraahim Axmed Yuusuf waxa uu ku beddelay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadkii ugu muhiimsanaa ee qarnigii 19-aad ee Bariga Afrika, isaga oo ka heli jiray abaal-marinno guddoomiyeyaasha Cumaan, isla markaana abuuray isbahaysi qoysas Muslimiin ah oo muhiim ah oo ku nool xeebaha Bariga Afrika Somaliland waxa la aas aasay Suldaanka Isaaq 1750. Suldaanka Isaaq waxa uu ahaa boqortooyo Somaliyeed oo ka talinaysay qaybo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Waxay ku teedsantay dhulka beesha Isaaq , oo ka soo farcamay qabiilka Banu Haashim , ee Somaliland iyo Itoobiya maanta. Suldaanka waxaa maamuli jiray garabka Rer Guuleed oo uu aasaasay suldaankii ugu horeeyay ee beesha Ciidagale Suldaan Guuleed Cabdi . Sida dhaqanka afka ah lagu sheegay, ka hor reer Guuleed beesha Isaaq waxaa ka talin jiray boqortooyo laanta Toljeclo oo ka soo jeeda reer Axmed oo lagu naanaysi jiray Tol Jeelo, oo ahaa curadkii Sheekh Isxaaq xaaskiisii ​​Harari . Guud ahaan waxa jiray sideed taliye Toljelo ah oo uu ugu horreeyo Boqor Haaruun ( Soomaali : Boqor Haaruun ) oo soo xukumayay Suldaan Isaaq qarniyo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 13aad. Garaad Dhux Barar ( Somali : Dhuux Baraar ) waxaa afgambiyay isbahaysigii beelaha Isaaq. Toljeelo oo berigii hore xoog lahaa way kala firxadeen oo waxay gabaad ka dhigteen Habr Awal oo ay ilaa hadda inta badan la nool yihiin. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, shirkii Berlin ee 1884 ka dib, quwadaha reer Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay u halgamaan Afrika . Sannadkaas, maxmiyad Ingiriis ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya, oo ku taal xeebta Afrika ee ka soo horjeeda Yementa Koonfureed. Bilowgii, gobolkani wuxuu ku hoos jiray xukunka Xafiiska Hindiya, sidaas darteedna loo maamulay qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Hindiya; 1898-kii waxa loo wareejiyay maamulka London. 1889kii, maxmiyaddii iyo gumaysigii Soomaaliya ee Talyaanigu si rasmi ah u aasaasay Talyaanigu iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo kala duwan oo ay la saxeexdeen madax iyo suldaanno badan; Suldaan Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid ayaa markii ugu horreysay codsi u diray Talyaaniga dabayaaqadii Diseembar 1888 si uu Suldaannimadiisa Hobyo uga dhigo maxmiyad Talyaani ah ka hor inta uusan markii dambe saxiixin heshiis 1889 [[File:Hobyo Sultanate Cavalry And Fort.jpg|thumb|Fardooley iyo dhufeyskii Hobyo Sultanate]] Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dervish ayaa si guul leh u celiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska afar jeer waxayna ku qasbeen inay dib ugu noqdaan gobolka xeebta. Daraawiishtu waxay jebisay gumaystihii Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska, Xabashida marar badan, gaar ahaan, guushii 1903-dii ee Cagaarweyne ee uu hoggaaminayey Suleymaan Aaden Galaydh , waxay ku khasabtay Boqortooyadii Ingriiska inay dib ugu gurtaan gobolka xeebta horraantii 1900aadkii. Dervishes ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga adkaaday 1920-kii xoogga hawada Ingiriiska. Bilawgii Faashiistaha horraantii 1920-aadkii waxa ay ku bishaaraysay is-beddelka istiraatijiyadda Talyaanigu, iyadoo suldaannada waqooyi-bari dhawaan lagu khasbi lahaa soohdinta La Grande Somalia (" Soomaali-weyn ") sida uu qorshuhu ahaa Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa. Markii uu yimid Badhasaab Cesare Maria De Vecchi 15-kii December 1923kii, waxa bilaabmay in wax iska beddelaan qayb ka mid ah Somaliland oo loo yaqaanay Italian Somaliland . Dhulkii ugu dambeeyay ee Talyaanigu ka helo Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa Oltre Giuba , gobolka Jubaland ee maanta , 1925. [[File:Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.jpeg|thumb|Taalada Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , Hogaamiyihii Daraawiishta]] Talyaanigu wuxuu bilaabay mashruucyo kaabayaasha deegaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha isbitaallo, beero iyo dugsiyo. Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa , ee Benito Mussolini , wuxuu weeraray Xabashida (Itoobiya) 1935, ujeeddadiisuna ahayd inay gumeysato. Duulaankaas waxaa cambaareeyey Ururka Jimciyadda Quruumaha ka dhaxaysa , balse wax yar lagama qaban sidii loo joojin lahaa ama looga xorayn lahaa gumaysiga Itoobiya. 1936kii, Soomaaliyadii Talyaanigu waxay ku biirtay Bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu , oo ay weheliso Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya, oo ah Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliya . 3-dii Agoosto 1940-kii, ciidamadii Talyaanigu oo ay ku jireen cutubyo ka tirsan gumaystaha Soomaaliya, ayaa ka soo tallaabay Itoobiya si ay u soo galaan Somaliland , 14kii Agoosto, waxay ku guuleysteen inay Berbera ka qabsadaan Ingiriiska. Ciidan Ingiriis ah oo ay ku jiraan ciidamo ka socda dalal badan oo Afrikaan ah ayaa bishii January 1941kii ka bilaabay Kenya ololihii ay ku xorreeyeen British Somaliland iyo Itoobiya oo Talyaanigu gumaysan jiray, una qabsan lahaa Somaliland Talyaani. Bishii Feebarweri inta badan Somaliland Talyaanigu waa la qabsaday, bishii Maarj, Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska waa lagala wareegay badda. Ciidamadii Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska ee ka hawl-gala Somaliland waxay ka koobnaayeen saddex qaybood oo kala ahaa Koonfur Afrika, Galbeedka Afrika iyo Ciidamada Bariga Afrika. Waxa kaalmaynayay ciidammadii Somaliyeed ee uu hogaaminayay C/laahi Xasan iyadoo ay si wayn uga qayb galeen Somalida beesha Isaaq , Dhulbahante iyo Warsangali . Tirada Soomaalida Talyaanigu waxay bilawday inay hoos u dhacdo ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, iyada oo in ka yar 10,000 ay soo hartay 1960. ===Madaxbanaanidii (1960-1969)=== Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Ingiriisku waxa uu sii haystay gacan ku haynta British Somaliland iyo Somaliland Somaliland oo ah maxmiyad. 1945kii, intii lagu jiray shirkii Potsdam , Qaramada Midoobay waxay u oggolaatay Talyaanigu inuu Talyaanigu u dhiibo Talyaani Somaliland inuu noqdo dhul-xakameedka Somaliland , iyadoo shuruud looga dhigay markii ugu horreysay ee ay soo jeediyaan xisbigii SYL iyo ururradii kale ee curdinka ahaa ee siyaasadda Soomaaliya, sida Xizbiya DigilMirifle Soomaali (HDMS) iyo Ururka Qaranka Soomaalida (SNL) — gudaha Soomaaliya ay ku hesho madaxbannaani toban sano gudahood. British Somaliland waxay ahaan jirtay maxmiyad Ingiriiska ilaa 1960 [[File:Chieftains of the Isaaq clan cropped.jpg|thumb|Madaxdii beesha Isaaq oo Hargeysa lagu sawiray 1958 kii markii Duke & Duchess of Gloucester booqasho ku yimaadeen Somaliland.]] Ilaa heer uu Talyaanigu dhulkaas ku haysto amarka Qaramada Midoobay, qodobbada ammaanadu waxay siiyeen Soomaalida fursad ay khibrad ugu yeeshaan waxbarashada siyaasadda reer galbeedka iyo is-xukunka. Waxa ay ahaayeen faa’iidooyin aanay lahayn British Somaliland, oo la rabay in lagu daro dawladnimada cusub ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo 1950-meeyadii saraakiisha gumaystaha Ingiriiska ay isku dayeen, dadaallo horumarineed oo maamul oo kala duwan, si ay uga soo kabtaan dayacaadii hore, maxmiyadku waxa ay fadhiid ku noqotay horumarka maamulka siyaasadda. Farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhul ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo waayo-aragnimada siyaasadeed ayaa hadhow keeni doonta dhibaatooyin culus oo isku dhafan labada qaybood. [[File:Mogadishu city centre - 1960s.jpg|thumb|1963kii oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada Muqdisho]] Dhanka kale, 1948-kii, cadaadis kaga yimid xulafadooda Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Soomaalidana ay aad uga xumaadeen, Ingriisku wuxuu dib u soo celiyay Haud (Dhul daaqsimeed Soomaaliyeed oo muhiim ah oo loo maleynayo inuu ilaalinayay heshiisyadii Ingiriiska uu la galay Soomaalida 1884 iyo 1886) iyo Gobolka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, taasoo ku saleysan heshiis ay saxiixeen 1897-kii oo ay ka soo horjeedaan Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Menelik oo ay suurtagal tahay in Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ay ku beddesho Imbaraadoor. Faransiisku. Ingriiska ayaa ku daray shuruud ah in dadka Soomaalida ah ay sii haysanayaan ismaamulkooda, laakiin Itoobiya ayaa isla markiiba sheegatay inay iyadu leedahay madax-bannaanideeda. Taasi waxay keentay in 1956-kii uu Ingiriisku ku guul darraystay inuu dib u iibsado dhulkii Soomaaliyeed ee uu la wareegay. Ingriisku waxa uu sidoo kale siiyay maamulka ku dhawaad ​​​​Soomaalida ay degto Waqooyiga xudduudaha Waqooyi (NFD) wadaniiyiinta Kenya. Tani waxay ahayd in kasta oo ay raali ka tahay , sida laga soo xigtay guddigii gumaystaha Ingiriiska, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qowmiyadaha Soomaalida ee dhulkaas degganaa waxay door bideen inay ku biiraan Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya ee dhawaan la sameeyay. Waxa sannadkii 1958- kii ka qabsoontay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti (oo loo yaqaannay Faransiiska Somaliland ) sannadkii 1958-kii, maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay sannadkii 1960-kii, si go'aan looga gaadho in lagu biiro Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya iyo in kale iyo inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qoomiyada Canfarta iyo dadka degan Yurub. Waxa kale oo jirtay ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan, iyada oo Faransiisku uu ka eryay kumannaan Soomaali ah ka hor inta aanay aftidu gaadhin goobaha codbixinta. Inta badan dadka 'maya' ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali aad u taageersan inay ku biiraan Soomaaliya oo mid ah, sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi ayaa ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed labo sano kadib. Djibouti ugu dambayntii waxay xornimada ka qaadatay Faransiiska 1977, iyo Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ahaa Soomaali oo u ololaynayey "haa" codbixintii 1976, aakhirkii wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti (1977-1999). [[File:President Aden Adde alongside Prime minister Sharmarke.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Aadan Cadde oo uu weheliyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma’arke oo Salaaddii Ciidda 1964-kii ku Tukaday Masjidka Arbaca Rukun]] 26 June 1960 -kii Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska waxa ay xornimadeeda qaadatay 26 June 1960. 1dii Luulyo 1960kii waxa xornimada qaatay dhulkii la isku halayn lahaa ee Somaliland, labadoodiina waxay ku midoobeen dhismihii Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya , in kasta oo ay ku jireen xuduud ay kala sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. Dawlad ay dhiseen Cabdullaahi Ciise iyo Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal oo ay weheliyaan xubno kale oo ka tirsan dawladihii ammaanada iyo maxmiyad ahaa, iyadoo Cabdulqaadir Muxamed Aadan uu noqday Madaxweynaha Golaha Shacbiga Soomaaliyeed , Aadan Cabdallah Cismaan Daar oo ahaa Madaxweynihii Jamhuriyadda Soomaaliya, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarkena wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare (kadibna noqday Madaxweyne 1967 ilaa 1969). 20kii Luulyo 1961kii iyo afti dadweyne oo dadweynihii Soomaaliyeed ay ku ansixiyeen talyaanigu, badi dadkii ka soo jeeday Maxmiyadii hore ee Somaliland ayaan ka qaybgelin aftida, in kasta oo tiro yar oo reer Somaliland ah oo ka qaybqaatay aftida ay ka soo horjeesteen dastuurkii cusbaa , oo markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay 1367kii , Muxammad . Wasiir, xilkaas oo uu u magacaabay Sharmaarke. Cigaal waxa uu mar dambe noqon lahaa Madaxweynaha maamul-goboleedka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya ===Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya (1969-1991)=== ===Inqilaab=== 15kii Oktoobar, isaga oo madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke socdaal ku marayay magaalada Laascaanood ee ay abaaruhu ku dhufteen, ayaa ilaaladiisa gaarka ahi toogasho ku dileen. Xoghayihii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka Henry Kissinger ayaa hadalkiisa ku soo gabagabeeyay in ilaaladu uu iskiis u dhaqmayo. Lix maalmood ka dib, 21kii Oktoobar, Jeneraal Siyaad Barre wuxuu hoggaaminayey afgambi militari, wuxuuna ku guuleystay afgambigii dowladdii baarlamaanka. Falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda casriga ah ayaa sheegaya in afgambiga uu ka dambeeyay musuqmaasuqa ka dhex jira xukuumadda baarlamaanka. Waardiyihii waxaa maxkamadeeyay, jirdilay oo toogtay Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC). Waxa ay kasoo jeedaan madaxweynaha uu dilay. [[File:Mohamed Ainanshe and Kim Il Sung -1970.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed oo Waqooyiga Kuuriya kula kulmay Madaxweyne Kim Il Sung 1970kii]] Dhinaca Barre, SRC oo xukunka la wareegtay dilkii Madaxweyne Sharma’arke ka dib waxaa hoggaaminayay Sarreeye Guuto Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed , Gaashaanle Sare Salaad Gabeyre Kediye iyo Taliyaha Booliska Jaamac Korsheel . Kediye waxa uu si rasmi ah u haystay magaca “Aabihii Kacaanka”, wax yar ka dibna Barre waxa uu noqday madaxa SRC. SRC dabadeed waxay u bixisay magaca dalka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Soomaaliya, waxay kala dirtay baarlamaanka iyo maxkamadda sare, oo laalay dastuurkii. Dawladdii kacaanku waxay dejisay barnaamijyo ballaaran oo hawlaha guud waxayna si guul leh u hirgelisay olole wax-qoris oo magaalo iyo miyi ah , kaasoo gacan ka geystay inuu si weyn u kordhiyo heerka wax-akhris-qoraalka. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya waxay gaartay heerka wax-akhris 70%, taasoo ka mid ahayd kuwa ugu sarreeya Afrika waagaas. Marka laga soo tago barnaamijka qarameynta warshadaha iyo dhulka, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee maamulka cusub waxay xoogga saartay xiriirka soo jireenka ah iyo diinta ee Soomaaliya ay la leedahay dunida Carabta , ugu dambeyntii waxay ku biirtay Jaamacadda Carabta bishii Febraayo 1974. Isla sanadkaas, Barre wuxuu sidoo kale noqday guddoomiyaha Ururka Midowga Afrika (OAU), oo ah hoggaamiyihii ka horreeyay Midowga Afrika (AU). Bishii Luulyo 1976-kii, SRC-da Barre ayaa iskeed u kala dirtay, waxayna halkeeda ka dhistay Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XDSHSI), dowlad hal xisbi ah oo ku dhisan hantiwadaag cilmiyeed iyo caqiidada Islaamka. SRSP waxa ay ahayd isku day lagu heshiisiinayo fikirka dawladda ee rasmiga ah iyo diinta rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyada oo la waafajinayo xeerarkii Marxist xaaladaha deegaanka. Waxa xoogga la saaray mabaadi’da Muslimka ee horumarka bulshada, sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda, taas oo ay dawladdu ku doodday in ay aasaas u tahay udub-dhexaadka hantiwadaagga cilmiyeed iyo lahjad u gaar ah oo ku aaddan isku filnaansho, ka qayb-qaadashada dadweynaha iyo xakamaynta dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale lahaanshaha tooska ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka. Iyadoo SRSP ay dhiirigelisay maalgashiga gaarka ah ee xad xaddidan, jihada guud ee maamulku waxay ahayd mid shuuci ah . Bishii Luulyo 1977, dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya wuxuu qarxay ka dib markii dawladdii Barre adeegsatay codsi ku saabsan midnimada qaranka si ay u caddeyso ku darista gardarrada ah ee gobolka Ogaadeeniya ee ay Soomaalida u badan tahay ee Itoobiya oo lagu daray Soomaali- weyn oo dhan , oo ay weheliso dhul-beereedyo hodan ah oo ku yaal koonfurta-bari ee Itoobiya, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, iyo meelaha istiraatiijiga ah ee woqooyiga ilaa Jabuuti. Todobaadkii ugu horeeyey ee colaada ayaa xoogag hubaysan oo Soomaali ahi qabsadeen koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Ogadenia, dagaalka intiisa badana waxay ciidanka Soomaalidu guulo isdaba joog ah ka gaadheen ciidanka gumaysiga Itoobiya waxayna daba socdeen ilaa Sidamo . Bishii Sebtembar 1977kii, Soomaaliya waxay gacanta ku dhigtay 90% dhulka Ogaadeeniya waxayna qabsatay magaalooyin istiraatiiji ah sida Jijiga waxayna cadaadis xoog leh saartay Diridhaba , waxayna halis geliyeen wadadii tareenka ee magaalada dambe ee Jabuuti. Go’doomintii Harar ka dib, waxaa u soo gurmaday taliskii Shuuciga ahaa ee Dergiga Itoobiya faragelin baaxad leh oo aan hore loo arag oo ka kooban 20,000 oo ciidamada Kuuba ah iyo dhowr kun oo khubaro ah oo Soofiyeedka ah . Sannadkii 1978-kii, ciidamadii Soomaalida ayaa laga saaray Ogadenya. Isbeddelka taageerada ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku kallifay dowladdii Barre inay xulafo ka raadsato meelo kale. Aakhirkii waxa ay ku degtay dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Soofiyeedka oo ay xafiiltamaan, Maraykanka , kaas oo in muddo ah ku haminayey dawladdii Soomaaliya. Saaxiibtinimada ugu horreysay ee Soomaaliya ay la yeelato Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo iskaashigii dambe ee ay la yeelatay Mareykanka ayaa u sahashay in ay dhisto ciidanka ugu badan ee Afrika. [[File:Muhammad Siad Barre - 40866X9X9.jpg|thumb|Sareeye Gaas Maxamed Siyaad Barre , Guddoomiyaha Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka , oo la kulmay Madaxweynaha Romania Nicolae Ceauşescu]] Dastuur cusub ayaa la soo saaray 1979kii kaas oo lagu qabtay doorashada Golaha Shacabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed ee Barre ayaa sii waday xukunka. Bishii Oktoobar 1980, SRSP waa la kala diray, Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka ayaa dib loo dhisay booskiisii. Waqtigaas, dawladdii Barre waxay noqotay mid aan la jeclayn. Soomaali badan ayaa ka niyad jabay nolosha ay ku hoos nool yihiin kalitalis ciidan. Waxaa sii wiiqmay taliskii 1980-meeyadii markii dagaalkii qaboobaa uu soo dhawaaday, waxaana hoos u dhacay muhiimaddii istiraatijiyadeed ee Soomaaliya. Dawladdu waxay noqotay mid sii xoogaysata , waxaana dalka oo dhan ka curtay dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo ay dhiirigelisay Itoobiya, taasoo keentay in Soomaaliya dagaal sokeeye ka dhacdo . Kooxahan malayshiyaadka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa Jabhadda Dimuqraadiga Badbaadada Soomaaliyeed (SSDF), Golaha Soomaaliyeed ee Midowga (USC), Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SPM) oo ay weheliyaan Mucaarad aan Rabshado lahayn oo ka kala tirsan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDM), Isbahaysiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDA) iyo Kooxda Kooxda Manifeestada Soomaaliyeed (SMG). ===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Somali Civil War (Google Live Map).svg|thumb|Qiyaasta khariidadda marxaladda hadda ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (La cusbooneysiiyay Luulyo 2025)]] Markii ay si aayar aayar aayar aayar ah u yaraatay hankii iyo akhlaaqdii dowladdii Barre, ayaa dad badan oo Soomaaliyeed ay ka niyad jabeen nolosha xukunkii militariga. Bartamihii 1980-aadkii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayey maamulkii Dergiga ee shuuciga ahaa ee Itoobiya ayaa ka curtay dalka oo dhan. Barre ayaa ku jawaabay in uu amar ku bixiyay in tallaabo laga qaado dadka uu u arko in ay deegaan ahaan taageersan yihiin jabhadda, gaar ahaan gobollada Waqooyi. Xakamayntaas waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyinka, oo ay ku taal xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa , oo ah xaruntii SNM , oo ka mid ahayd goobihii la beegsaday 1988. Xakamaynta ay bilawday dawladdii Barre waxay gaadhsiisay in ka badan qaraxyadii hore ee woqooyiga si ay u koobto gobollo kala duwan oo dalka ah. Soo saariddan xeeladaha gardarada ah ee looga dan leeyahay in lagu caburiyo dadka ka soo jeeda iyo in lagu sii hayo awoodda dadweynaha waxay astaan ​​u ahayd tallaabooyinka caburinta ah ee dowladdu ay ka waddo Koonfurta. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu caansan ayaa dhacay 1991-kii, markii taliskii Barre bilaabay weerar cirka ah oo sababay dhimashada dad badan oo aan waxba galabsan magaalada Beledweyn , oo ku taal koonfurta Soomaaliya. Arxan-darrada iyo baaxadda falkan waxashnimada ah waxa ay iftiimisay heerka ay dawladdu u diyaar-garowday in ay meesha ka saarto nooc kasta oo mucaarad ah ama wax iska caabin ah, iyada oo ay muujinayso in aan tix-gelin badheedh ah u lahayn xuquuqda aadamaha iyo qiimaha nolosha bani’aadamka. Mid kale oo xusid mudan siyaasaddii caburinta Barre ayaa ka dhacday magaalada Baydhabo oo lagu naaneeso ‘Magaalada dhimashada’ taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay dhacdooyinkii murugada lahaa ee ka dhacay halkaasi xilliyadii abaarta iyo dagaalada sokeeye . Boqolaal kun oo qof ayaa naftooda ku waayey istiraatijiyad dawladeed oo gaar ahaan loogu talagalay bulshada Raxanweyn ee deggan deegaannadaas. 1990kii, magaalada caasimadda ah ee Muqdisho, dadka deggan waxaa laga mamnuucay inay meel fagaare ah isugu yimaadaan kooxo ka badan saddex ama afar. Shidaal yaraan, sicir-bararka, iyo qiima dhaca lacagta ayaa saameeyay dhaqaalaha. Suuq madoow oo aad u wanaagsan ayaa ka jiray bartamaha magaalada iyadoo bangiyada ay la kulmeen gabaabsi lacagta gudaha ah ee lagu sarifto. Waxaa la soo saaray sharciyo lagu xakameynayo sarifka lacagaha qalaad si looga hortago dhoofinta lacagaha qalaad. Inkastoo aan la saarin xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah oo lagu soo rogay ajaanibta, sawir qaadista goobo badan ayaa la mamnuucay. Xilliyada maalinlaha ah ee magaalada Muqdisho, muuqaalka ciidan kasta oo dowladda ayaa ahaa mid naadir ah. Hawlgallada habeenkii dambe ee ay sameeyeen mas'uuliyiinta dowladda, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa "la'aanta" shaqsiyaadka guryahooda. 1991kii, maamulkii Barre waxaa xukunka ka tuuray isbahaysi mucaarad ku ah qabiil, oo ay taageerayeen taliskii Itoobiya ee Dergiga iyo Liibiya . Ka dib shir ay yeesheen Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Somaliyeed iyo odayaasha beelaha waqooyi, qaybtii waqooyi ee Ingiriisku ka talin jiray dalka waxay ku dhawaaqday in ay gooni isu taagtay jamhuuriyadda Somaliland May 1991. In kasta oo ay madax bannaani tahay oo xasiloon tahay marka loo eego koonfurta qalalaasaha ah, haddana dawlad shisheeye ma aqoonsan. [[File:Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|Dagaaladii sokeeye ka hor, Muqdisho waxaa loo yaqaannay "Luul cad oo badweynta Hindiya]] In badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha mucaaradka ayaa markii dambe bilaabay inay u tartamaan sidii ay saamayn ugu yeelan lahaayeen awood la'aanta ka dib markii la riday taliskii Barre. Koonfurta, waxaa isku dhacay kooxo hubaysan oo ay kala hogaaminayaan taliyayaasha USC General Maxamed Faarax Ceydiid iyo Cali Mahdi Maxamed , gaar ahaan, iyadoo mid walba uu doonayo inuu awood ku yeesho caasimadda. 1991kii, shir caalami ah oo wajiyo badan lahaa ayaa lagu qabtay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti. Iyadoo loo eegayo sharcinimada uu Muxammad ku siiyey shirkii Jabuuti, ayaa beesha caalamku u aqoonsatay inuu yahay madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya. Ma uu awoodin in uu awoodiisa ku dhaqmo meelo ka baxsan caasimadda. Awoodda ayaa taas beddelkeeda lagu heshiiyey hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii kale ee koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo maamul-goboleedyo ka madax bannaan waqooyiga. Shirkii Jibouti waxaa ku xigay laba heshiis oo aan la iska dhicin oo dib-u-heshiisiin qaran iyo hub ka dhigis, oo ay saxeexeen 15 daneeyayaal siyaasadeed: heshiis in la qabto shir aan rasmi ahayn oo diyaarinta dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka, iyo heshiiskii Addis Ababa 1993 ee lagu sameeyay shirkii dib u heshiisiinta qaranka. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, la'aanta daba-dheeraatay ee la'aanta maamul dhexe oo joogto ah, Soomaaliya waxay billowday inay ku sifowdo " Qaran guuldarreystay . ===Hay'adaha ku meel gaarka ah=== [[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (28-03-2006).jpg|thumb|C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed , Madaxweynaha Dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya]] Dawladda Ku-Meel-Gaarka ah (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay bilihii April-May 2000 shirkii Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ee lagu qabtay Carta, Jabuuti. Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan ayaa loo doortay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha dowladda KMG ah ee cusub ee qaranka, maamul ku meel gaar ah oo loo sameeyay in uu Soomaaliya ku hago dowlad Jamhuuriyad rasmi ah oo saddexaad. Dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee TNG ayaa keenay in la bedelo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha afar jeer saddex sano gudahood, iyo hay'adda maamulka ayaa sheegay inay kacday December 2003. Waqtigeediina isku mar wuu dhamaaday. 10kii Oktoobar 2004tii, sharci-dajiyayaashu waxay u doorteen Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Dawladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFG), oo beddelaya Dawladdii Ku Meel Gaarka ahayd. DFKMG waxay ahayd maamulkii labaad ee ku meel gaadhka ahaa ee hiigsanayay in dib loo soo celiyo hay’adihii qaranka ee Soomaaliya kadib burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre 1991 iyo dagaaladii sokeeye ee xigay. DFKMG waxay ahayd dowladda Soomaaliya oo caalamku aqoonsan yahay ilaa 20kii Agoosto 2012, markaas oo ay si rasmi ah u dhammaatay waqtigeedii. Waxaa loo asaasay mid ka mid ah Hay'adaha Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFIs) ee dowladda sida lagu qeexay Axdiga Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFC) ee uu ansixiyay Baarlamaanka Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFP) bishii Nofembar 2004. Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay si rasmi ah uga koobneyd waaxda fulinta ee dowladda, iyadoo TFP ay tahay waaxda sharci dejinta. Xukuumadda ayaa waxaa madax ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, iyadoo golaha wasiirradu ay warbixin ka siiyeen Ra’iisul Wasaaraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday erey guud si loo tixraaco dhammaan saddexda laan si wadajir ah. ===Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga=== [[File:Icu somalia map.png|thumb|Khariidad muujinaysa ICU marka ugu sarraysa saamaynteeda]] Sanadkii 2006, Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah (ICU) waxay la wareegeen gacan ku haynta inta badan koonfurta dalka muddo 6 bilood ah waxayna soo rogeen ku dhaqanka shareecada Islaamka . Mas’uuliyiinta ugu sareysa Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ku tilmaamay muddadan kooban in ay tahay xilli dahab ah oo ku jira taariikhda siyaasadda Soomaaliya. ===Dowladda Kumeeel Gaarka ah=== Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay isku dayday inay dib u soo ceshato awoodeeda, iyadoo kaashanaysa ciidamada Itoobiya , ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Midowga Afrika iyo taageerada hawada ee Mareykanka, waxay ka saartay maxaakiimta oo ay xoojisay xukunkeeda. January 8, 2007, Madaxweynaha DFKMG, Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo galay Muqdisho isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidamada Itoobiya tan iyo markii xilka loo doortay. Dawladdu waxay markaas u guurtay xarunta Villa Soomaaliya ee caasimadda oo ay si ku meel gaar ah uga ahayd Baydhabo . Tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horeysay tan iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre sanadkii 1991-kii oo ay dowladda Federaalka gacanta ku hayso inta badan dalka. ===Falaagada Al-Shabaab=== Al-Shabaab ayaa ka soo horjeestay joogitaanka ciidamada Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya, waxaana ay sii wadeen dagaallada ka dhanka ah dowladda KMG ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2008, Al-Shabaab waxay dhalisay guulo ciidan, iyagoo la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyin iyo dekedo muhiim ah oo ku yaal bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Janaayo 2009, Al-Shabaab iyo maleeshiyaadkii kale waxay ku qasbeen ciidamada Itoobiya inay dib u gurtaan, iyagoo ka tagay ciidan aan qalabeyn oo nabad ilaalin ah oo Midowga Afrika ah si ay u caawiyaan ciidamada dowladda KMG ah.  Dhaqaale la’aan iyo dhaqaale la’aan, cunaqabatayn dhanka hubka ah oo adkeyd in dib loo yagleelo ciidan qaran oo suga amniga, iyo danayn la’aanta guud ee beesha caalamka, Yuusuf waxa uu ku qasbanaaday in kumannaan ciidamo ah oo Puntland ka socda la geeyo Muqdisho si ay u sii joogteeyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan Koonfurta dalka. Taageerada maaliyadeed ee dadaalkan waxaa bixisay dawladda ismaamulka. Taasi waxay keentay in dakhli yar oo soo galo ciidamada ammaanka Puntland iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah, taasoo ka dhigtay dhul u nugul burcad-badeedda iyo weerarrada argagixisada.  29-kii December 2008, Yuusuf wuxuu kaga dhawaaqay baarlamaanka ku midoobay Baydhabo inuu iska casilayo xilka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Khudbadiisa oo laga sii daayay Idaacadda Qaranka, ayuu Yuusuf ku sheegay inuu ka xun yahay inuu ku guul-darreystay inuu soo afjaro colaaddii dalka ka jirtay toddoba iyo tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sidii dowladdiisa loo igmaday. Wuxuu kaloo ku eedeeyay beesha caalamka inay ka gaabiyeen taageerada dowladda, wuxuuna sheegay in guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka uu xilka ku wareejin doono sida uu qabo Axdiga KMG ah ===Dhamaadka xilliga ku meel gaarka=== Intii u dhaxaysay 31 May iyo 9 June 2008, wakiilo ka socday dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u xoraynta Soomaaliya (ARS) ayaa ka qayb galay wada-hadallo nabadeed oo Jabuuti ka dhacay oo uu garwadeen ka ahaa ergeygii hore ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsanaa Soomaaliya, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah . Shirka ayaa ku soo idlaaday heshiis la kala saxiixday oo dhigaya in ciidamada Itoobiya laga saaro dalka si loo joojiyo iska hor imaadyada hubeysan. Baarlamaanka ayaa ka dib la balaariyay oo la gaarsiiyay 550 kursi si ay u helaan xubnaha ARS, oo markaas madaxweyne u doortay Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed .Iyadoo gacan ka heleysa koox yar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Midowga Afrika, dowladda KMG ayaa biloowday weerar rogaal celis ah bishii Febraayo 2009 si ay si buuxda ula wareegto maamulka qeybta koonfureed ee dalka. DFKMG si ay xukunkeeda u xoojiso waxay isbahaysi la samaysatay Midowga Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah, Xubnihii kale ee Isbaheysiga Dib u xoreynta Soomaaliya iyo Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca oo ah Maleeshiyo Suufi ah oo qunyar socod ah . Intaa waxaa dheer, Al-Shabaab iyo Xisbul Islaam, oo ah labada kooxood ee Islaamiyiinta ah ee mucaaradka ah, waxay bilaabeen inay dhexdooda dagaallamaan bartamihii 2009kii. Xabbad ahaan, bishii Maarso 2009, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ku dhawaaqday inay dib u dhaqan gelinayso Shareecada oo ah nidaamka garsoorka rasmiga ah ee qaranka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, colaaddu waxay ka sii socotay koonfurta iyo badhtamaha dalka. Muddo bilo gudahood ah, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ka baxday in ay gacanta ku dhigto ilaa 70% koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya aagagga iskahorimaadyada, oo ay 80% dhulka lagu muransan yahay ku lumisay xoogaga Islaamiyiinta ah. Bishii Oktoobar 2011, hawlgal qorsheysan, Hawlgalka Linda Nchi oo u dhexeeya militariga Soomaaliya iyo Kenya iyo ciidamada caalamiga ah ayaa ka billowday Al-Shabaab ee koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Sebtembar 2012, ciidamada Soomaaliya, Kenya, iyo Raaskaambooni waxay ku guulaysteen inay qabsadaan Al-Shabaab xaruntii ugu dambaysay ee ugu weynayd, dekedda koonfurta ee Kismaayo. Bishii Luulyo 2012, saddex hawlgal oo Midowga Yurub ayaa la bilaabay si ay ula macaamilaan Soomaaliya: EUTM Somalia , Hawlgalka Ciidamada Badda ee Midowga Yurub ee Soomaaliya Atalanta off the Horn of Africa, iyo EUCAP Nestor. [[File:Parlament of Somalia 2012-2016.svg|thumb|Dhismaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]] Iyada oo qayb ka ah "Khariidadda Waddada Dhammaadka Ku meel gaarka" ee rasmiga ah, oo ah geeddi socod siyaasadeed oo siinaya jaan-gooyo cad-cad oo horseedaya samaynta hay'ado dimoqraadi ah oo joogto ah oo Soomaaliya ah, xilliga ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah ayaa dhammaaday 20kii Agoosto 2012 ===Dowladda Federaalka=== Dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , oo ah dowladdii dhexe ee ugu horreysay oo joogto ah oo dalka yeelato tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaallada sokeeye, ayaa la aas aasay Agoosto 2012. Bishii Agoosto 2014-kii, howlgalka Badweynta Hindiya ee ay hormuudka ka tahay dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa la bilaabay ka hortagga jeebabka kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan baadiyaha ===2021-2023 abaar=== Abaarta Soomaaliya ee 2021-2023 ayaa ahayd abaartii ugu darneyd ee Soomaaliya soo marta muddo 40 sano ah, waxaana ay saameysay 7.8 milyan oo qof. === Qalalaasihii dastuuriga ee 2024 === 30-kii Maarso 2024, isbeddello dastuuri ah oo taxane ah oo ay ansixisay [[Dowlada Federaalka Soomaaliya]] ayaa sababay khilaafyo lala galay qaar ka mid ah dowlad-goboleedyada federaalka, taas oo dhalisay xiisad siyaasadeed. Saddex ka mid ah lixda dowlad-goboleed ayaa ka laabtay aqoonsigii ay siinayeen awoodda dowladda federaalka, waxaana dagaallo maxalli ah oo [[Jubaland|Jubbaland]] iyo [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya|Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya]] ka dhacay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Review |first=Horn |title=Analysis of Somalia's constitution crisis |url=https://hornreview.org/2026/04/21/analysis-of-somalias-constitution-crisis/ |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=HORN REVIEW |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Al Jazeera |title=Somali army takes over key city in Southwest as state leader resigns |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/31/somali-army-takes-over-key-city-in-southwest-as-state-leader-resigns |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> ==Juqraafiga== Soomaaliya waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Jabuuti dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, galbeedna Itoobiya , waqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , badda Soomaaliya iyo kanaalka Guardafui oo bari ah, iyo Koonfur-galbeed Kenya . Baaxadda dhuleedku waa 637,657 kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran, dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo buuraha . Xeebteedu waxay dhererkeedu ka badan tahay 3,333 kiiloomitir, waana tan ugu dheer dhul weynaha Afrika. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid si qiyaas ah u qaabaysan "sida lambar foorarsan oo toddoba ah". Waqooyiga fog, safafka bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Oogo waxay ku yaalaan masaafo kala duwan oo u jirta xeebta Gacanka Cadmeed. Xaalado kulul ayaa jira sanadka oo dhan, oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Geology waxay soo jeedinaysaa joogitaanka kaydka macdanta qiimaha leh. Soomaaliya waxaa Seychelles ka go'ay badda Soomaaliya, waxaana ka go'ay Socotra oo lagu magacaabo Guardafui Channel ===Qaybaha maamulka=== Soomaaliya waxay si rasmi ah u qaybsantaa siddeed iyo toban gobol ( sara , gobol keli ah ), oo iyana loo qaybiyo degmooyin. [[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|Maabka gobollada Soomaaliya]] Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda waa goorma ? Waxay u kala qaybsameen maamul-goboleedka Puntland ( oo isku haysta maamul-goboleedka ), Somaliland ( maamul-goboleed iskeed ugu dhawaaqday balse aan la aqoonsan ) iyo Maamulka Khaatumo ee Soomaaliya oo dhawaan la dhisay . Bartamaha Soomaaliya, Galmudug waa maamul-goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. Jubaland oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa ismaamulka afaraad ee federaalka.Sannadkii 2014-kii, ayaa sidoo kale la dhisay maamul-goboleedka cusub ee Koonfur-galbeed . Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la daah furay shirweyne lagu dhisayo dowlad goboleedka cusub ee Hirshabeelle . Baarlamaanka Federaalka waxaa loo xilsaaray 2012-kii in uu soo xulo tirada ugu dambeysa iyo xuduudaha dowlad goboleedyada is-maamul goboleedyada (sida rasmiga ah ee xubnaha ka ah Federaalka ) ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. ===Goobta=== {{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | footer_align = left | image1 = Horn of africa.jpg | class1 = bg-transparent | image2 = ISS062-E-51247 - View of Earth.jpg | footer = Muuqaallo laga qaaday [[Geeska Afrika|Jasiiradda Soomaalida]] oo laga soo qaaday Dayax gacmeedka ''Columbia'' sannadkii 1993 (kor) iyo Saldhigga Hawada Caalamiga ah sannadkii 2020 (hoose) }} Soomaaliya waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed, [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Marinka Gardafuul|Marinka Gardafuu]] iyo Badweynta Hindiya dhanka bari, iyo [[Itoobiya]] dhanka galbeed. Dalka wuxuu sidoo kale xuduud la leeyahay [[Jabuuti]]. Waxay ku taallaa inta u dhexeysa loolalka 2°S iyo 12°N, iyo dhigaha 41° iyo 52°E. Iyada oo si istaraatiiji ah ugu taalla afka laga galo Bab el Mandeb ee u dhexeeya [[Bada Cas]] iyo [[Kanaalka Suweys|Kanaalka Suweys]], dalku wuxuu ku yaallaa cirifka gobol u eg khariidadda [[Wiyil|geeska wiyisha]], taas oo inta badan loogu yeero [[Geeska Afrika]].<ref name="factbook"/><ref name="Hadden">Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102547/http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science"]. Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center</ref> ===Biyaha=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika, oo leh boodh badeed dhererkeedu yahay 3,333 kiiloomitir (2,071 mi). Dhulkeedu waxa uu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo dhulka sare . Qaranku wuxuu leeyahay bedka guud ee 637,657 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (246,201 sq mi) kaas oo ka kooban dhul, oo leh 10,320 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (3,980 sq mi) oo biyo ah. Soohdimaha dhulka ee Soomaaliya ayaa gaaraya ilaa 2,340 kiiloomitir (1,450 mi); 58 kiiloomitir (36 mi) ka mid ah waxaa la wadaaga Jabuuti, 682 kiiloomitir (424 mi) Kenya, iyo 1,626 kiiloomitir (1,010 mi) Itoobiya. Sheegashadeeda badda waxaa ka mid ah dhul-badeed dhan 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). Soomaaliya waxaa xeebaheeda ku yaal jasiirado iyo jaziirado dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Jaziiradaha Bajuuni iyo Jaziiradaha Sacad-Diin : eeg jasiiradaha Soomaaliya . [[File:Juba river downstream Jamaame.jpg|thumb|Webiga Jubba]] ===Degaan=== Soomaaliya waxay ka kooban tahay todobo dhuleed oo kala ah: Xabashida montane kaymaha , Waqooyiga Zanzibar–Inhambane mosaic kaynta xeebta , Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands iyo kayn , dhul daaqsimeed Xabashi ah iyo dhir dhireed , dhul daaqsimeed hobyo iyo geedo yaryar , Somali montane xeric woodlands , iyo mangroves Bariga Afrika Dhanka waqooyi, bannaan saxare-meel-mareen ah oo xoqan, oo loo yaqaan Guban ayaa barbar-socda Gacanka Cadmeed . Iyada oo ballaciisu yahay laba iyo toban kiiloomitir galbeedka ilaa in yar oo laba kiiloomitir ah oo bari ah, bannaanka waxaa u kala qaybiya maro-biyoodyo asal ahaan ah sariiro ciid qallalan marka laga reebo xilliyada roobaadka. Marka roobabku da'aan, Guban's duurka hooseeya iyo cawska cawska ayaa isu beddela dhir cagaaran. Xariggaan xeebeedku waa qayb ka mid ah dhul- daaqsimeedkii Xabashida iyo dhir-dhireedka . Cal Madow waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ku taal waqooyi bari ee dalka. Waxay ku dherersan tahay dhowr kiilo mitir dhanka galbeed ee magaalada Boosaaso ilaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Ceerigaabo , waxay ku taal meesha ugu sarreysa Soomaaliya , Shimbiris , oo ku fadhida meel sare ah ilaa 2,416 mitir (7,927 ft). Silsilada bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Karkaar waxay sidoo kale ku yaalliin gudaha gudaha Gacanka Cadmeed. Gobollada dhexe, silsiladaha buuraha waqooyi ee dalka waxay u baneeyaan dhul-badeed-gacmeedyo iyo marin-biyoodyo qallalan oo deegaan ahaan loogu yeero Oogo . Dhulka galbeedka ee Oogo, ayaa isna si tartiib tartiib ah ugu biira Haud , oo ah aag muhiim u ah daaqa xoolaha. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay laba webi oo kala ah Jubba iyo Shabeele oo labaduba ka bilaabma buuraleyda Itoobiya . Wabiyadan ayaa inta badan u socda dhanka koofureed, iyadoo webiga Jubba uu ka galo badweynta Hindiya ee magaalada Kismaayo . Wabiga Shabeelle ayaa mar sida muuqata gali jiray badda u dhow magaalada Marka , balse hadda waxa uu gaaray meel dhanka Koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada Muqdisho. Intaa ka dib, waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhiiqo iyo meelo qallalan ka hor inta aan aakhirka lagu waayin dhulka saxaraha ah ee bariga Jilib , una dhow webiga Jubba. ===Deegaanka=== [[File:Somcoralreef.jpg|thumb|Xeebaha Soomaaliya , jardiinooyinka deegaanka iyo meelaha la ilaaliyo]] Soomaaliya waa dal oomane ah oo leh qiyaastii 1.6% dhul beereed . Ururada deegaanka ee ugu horeeya waxay ahaayeen Ecoterra Soomaaliya iyo Bulshada Deegaanka Soomaali, labaduba waxay gacan ka geysteen kor u qaadista wacyiga ku saabsan walaaca deegaanka iyo abaabulida barnaamijyada deegaanka ee dhammaan qaybaha dawladda iyo sidoo kale bulshada rayidka ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1971-kii, olole ballaaran oo dhir beeris ah oo heer qaran ah ayaa dowladdii Siyaad Barre bilowday si ay u joojiso horu-marintii kumannaanka hektar ee dunta bacaadka ah ee ay dabeyshu kaxeyso oo halis ku ah inay qariso magaalooyinka, waddooyinka iyo dhul beereed. Sannadkii 1988-kii, 265 hektar oo ah 336 hektar oo la saadaaliyay ayaa la daweeyay, iyadoo 39 goobood oo kayd ah iyo 36 goobood oo kaymo ah la aasaasay. 1986, Xarunta Badbaadinta Duurjoogta, Cilmi-baarista iyo Kormeerka waxaa aasaasay Ecoterra International, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu wacyigeliyo dadweynaha arrimaha deegaanka. Dadaalkaas waxbarasho waxa uu horseeday 1989 kii waxa loogu yeero "soo jeedinta Soomaaliya" iyo go'aan ay dowladda Soomaaliya ku gaartay in ay raacdo Axdiga ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee dabar-goynta xayawaanka duurjoogta iyo dhirta (CITES), kaas oo markii ugu horreysay aasaasay adduunka oo dhan mamnuucidda ka ganacsiga Maroodiga Maroodiga . [[File:Aerial views of Kismayo 06 (8071381265).jpg|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee Muqdisho]] Ka dib, Faadumo Jibrell , oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka, ayaa qaaday olole guul leh oo lagu ilaalinayo kaymaha geedaha qudhaca ah ee koray ee waqooyi-bari ee Soomaaliya. Geedahan, oo noolaan kara 500 oo sano, ayaa la jari jiray si looga sameeyo dhuxusha oo aad looga doonayay Jasiiradda Carabta, halkaas oo qabaa'ilka Baadiyaha ee gobolka ay aaminsan yihiin in qudhacdu ay tahay mid muqadas ah. Inaad noqoto shidaal aan qaali ahayn, soo saarista dhuxusha waxay inta badan keentaa xaalufka iyo xaalufka . Si wax looga qabto dhibaatadan, Jibrell iyo Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organisation (Horn Relief; hadda Adeso ), oo ah hay'ad ay aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha fulinta ka ahayd, waxay tababareen koox dhalinyaro ah si ay bulshada uga wacyigeliyaan waxyeelada joogtada ah ee soo saarista dhuxusha ay abuuri karto. 1999kii, Horn Relief waxay isku dubariday socod nabadeed waqooyi-bari Puntland ee Soomaaliya si loo soo afjaro waxa loogu yeero "dagaallada dhuxusha". Natiijadii ololaha Jibrell iyo dadaalkii waxbarashada, dawladda Puntland 2000 waxay mamnuucday dhoofinta dhuxusha. Dowladda ayaa sidoo kale tan iyo markii ay dhaqan galisay mamnuucidaasi, taasoo la sheegay inay keentay in 80% hoos u dhac ku yimaado dhoofinta badeecada. Jibrell waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Abaalmarinta Deegaanka Goldman ee 2002 dadaalkeeda ka dhanka ah xaalufka deegaanka iyo xaalufka. Sannadkii 2008, waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatay Abaalmarinta Mu'asasada Qaranka ee Juqraafiga / Buffett ee Hoggaanka Ilaalinta. Ka dib tsunamigii weynaa ee Diisambar 2004 , waxaa sidoo kale soo baxay eedeymo sheegaya in ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, in xeebta dheer ee Soomaaliya ee fog fog loo isticmaalay goob qashin ah oo lagu aaso qashinka sunta ah. Mowjadaha waaweyn ee ku dhuftay waqooyiga Soomaaliya kadib tsunamigii ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay kiciyeen tan oo ah haraadiga sunta nukliyeerka ah oo laga yaabo inay si sharci darro ah dalka ugu daadiyeen shirkado shisheeye. Xisbiga Cagaaran ee Yurub waxa uu daba socday cadaymahaas isagoo horgeeyay saxaafadda iyo baarlamaanka Yurub ee Strasbourg nuqulo qandaraasyo ah oo ay kala saxiixdeen laba shirkadood oo reer Yurub ah - Shirkadda Swiss Swiss, Achair Partners, iyo dilaaliinta qashinka Talyaaniga Progresso - iyo wakiillo ka socday Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Hogaamiye kooxeed Cali Mahdi Maxamed, si ay u qaataan 10 milyan oo tan oo qashinka sunta ah oo ay ku bedesheen 80 milyan oo gini. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan deegaanka (UNEP), qashinka ayaa sababay in uu aad uga sarreeyo xaaladaha caadiga ah ee caabuqyada neef-mareenka, boogaha afka iyo dhiig-baxa, dhiigbaxa caloosha iyo caabuqa maqaarka oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhacay dad badan oo deggan deegaannada ku teedsan waqooyi-bari ee magaalooyinka Hobyo iyo Banaadir ee xeebta Badweynta Hindiya - cudurro la socda xanuunka shucaaca. UNEP waxay intaas ku dartay in xaaladda xeebaha Soomaaliya ay khatar deegaan oo aad u daran aysan ka jirin Soomaaliya oo keliya, balse sidoo kale gobolka bariga Afrika. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 SOM 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Köppen–Geiger map-ka kala soocida cimilada ee 1-km xallinta Soomaaliya 1991-2020]] Sababo la xiriira u dhawaanshaha Soomaaliya ee dhulbaraha , ma jiro isbeddel xilliyeed badan oo cimiladeeda ah. Xaalado kulul ayaa sanadka oo dhan jira oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee maalin kasta wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 30 ilaa 40 ° C (86 ilaa 104 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare ee xeebta bari, halkaasoo laga dareemi karo saamaynta qabow ee hadda taagan. Muqdisho, tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 32 °C (82 ilaa 90 °F) bisha Abriil. Qaar ka mid ah heerkulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay waddanka; Berbera oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed waxay leedahay galab sare oo celcelis ahaan ka badan 38 °C (100 °F) laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar. Qaran ahaan, celceliska celceliska maalinlaha ahi badanaa way kala duwan yihiin qiyaastii 15 ilaa 30 ° C (59 ilaa 86 ° F). Kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan ee cimiladu waxay ka dhacdaa waqooyiga Soomaaliya, halkaas oo heerkulku mararka qaarkood dhaafo 45 ° C (113 ° F) bisha Luulyo ee bannaanka litoral oo hoos uga dhaco barta qabowga bisha Disembar ee buuraha sare. Gobolkan, qoyaanka qaraabada ahi wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 40% badhtamaha galabnimada ilaa 85% habeenkii, isbeddelaya waxoogaa marka loo eego xilliga. Si ka duwan cimilada dalalka kale ee ugu badan ee loolkan, xaaladaha Soomaaliya waxay u dhexeeyaan oomane waqooyi-bari iyo gobollada dhexe ilaa waqooyi -galbeed iyo koonfurta. Waqooyi-bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi wuxuu ka yar yahay 100 mm (4 in); Taagga dhexe, waa qiyaastii 200 ilaa 300 mm (8 ilaa 12 inji). Qaybaha waqooyi-galbeed iyo koonfur-galbeed ee qaranka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay helaan roobab aad u badan, iyadoo celcelis ahaan 510 ilaa 610 mm (20 ilaa 24 in) ay dhacaan sannadkii. Inkasta oo gobollada xeebuhu ay kulul yihiin oo qoyan yihiin sannadka oo dhan, dhul-badeedku caadi ahaan waa qalalan oo kulul. Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Maarso waa Jiilaalka , xilliga xagaaga ee ugu adag sanadka. Xilli-roobaadka ugu muhiimsan, oo loo yaqaan Gu'ga , wuxuu socdaa Abriil ilaa Juunyo. Xilligan waxaa lagu gartaa dabeylaha koonfur-galbeed, kuwaas oo dib u soo nooleeya dhul-daaqsimeedka, gaar ahaan dhul-daaqsimeedka dhexe, oo muddo kooban saxaraha u beddela dhir cagaaran. Laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar waa xilliga labaad ee qalalan, Xagaa (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa "Xagaa"). Dayr , oo ah xilli-roobaadka ugu gaaban, wuxuu socdaa Oktoobar ilaa Disembar. Xilliyada tangambili ee dhexgala labada dabaylaha (Oktoobar-Noofambar iyo Maarso-May) waa kulayl iyo qoyaan. ===Duurjoogta=== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geela buuraha waqooyi]] Soomaaliya waxaa ku nool naasley kala duwan, taas oo ay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha cimilada iyo deegaanka. Duurjoogta dalka waxaa ka mid ah haramcadka, libaaxa, geriga, baboonka, servalka, maroodiga, doofaarka duurjoogta ah, cawska, kudu, dik-dik, oribi, dabada duurjoogta Soomaalida, reedbuck, zebra, maroodi-shrew iyo dhagax-dhagax. Soomaaliya waxay hoy u tahay ilaa 727 nooc oo shimbiro ah. Siddeed ka mid ah waa noocyo ku faafa dalka, mid waxaa keenay aadanaha, midna waa dhif ama si kama' ah u yimaada. Afar iyo toban nooc ayaa caalamka khatar ku ah. Noocyada shimbiraha ee si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah xamaamka Soomaalida; Alaemon hamertoni (Alaudidae), Hoopoe-Lark; Heteromirafra archeri (Alaudidae), Archer's Lark; Mirafra ashi (Alaudidae), Ash's Bushlark; Mirafra somalica (Alaudidae), Somali Bushlark; Spizocorys obbiensis (Alaudidae), Obbia Lark; Carduelis johannis (Fringillidae); iyo Warsangli Linenet. Xeebaha Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah goobaha ugu muhiimsan ee kalluumeysiga noocyada badda ee aad u guura, sida tuna. Qalfoofka qaaradda ee cidhiidhiga ah balse wax-soo-saarka leh wuxuu ka kooban yahay noocyo badan oo kalluun-demersal ah iyo qolofley. Noocyada kalluunka si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Cirrhitichthys randalli (Cirrhitidae), Symphurus fuscus (Cynoglossidae), Parapercis simulata (Pinguipedidae), Cociella somaliensis (Platycephalidae), iyo Pseudochromis melanotus (Pseudochromidae). Waxaa jira qiyaastii 235 nooc oo xamaarato ah. Ku dhowaad kala bar waxay ku nool yihiin aagga waqooyi. Xamaaratada ku baahsan Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Viper-ka Hughes, Maska Garter-ka Koonfurta Soomaaliya, orodyahan (Platyceps messanai), mas diadem (Spalerosophis josephscorteccii), ciidda Soomaaliyeed, qorraxda gooryaanka xaglaha leh, qorraxda aagagga dhabarka leh, qorraxda ciidda Soomaaliyeed (Mesalina ama Eremias), gecko (Hemidactylus granchii), gecko-ga Soomaaliyeed ee semaphore, iyo qorratada ciidda. Mas colubrid (Aprosdoketophis andreonei) iyo maqaarka Haacke-Greer (Haackgreerius miopus) waa noocyo si gaar ah ugu kooban Soomaaliya. ==Siyaasadda iyo dawladnimada== <!-- legislative leadership - executive leadership below -->{{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 350 | image1 = Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at Djiboutian presidential palace in Djibouti, Djibouti, September 24, 2023 - (cropped).jpg | caption1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]<br /><small>[[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] tan iyo 2022</small> | image2 = Hamza Abdi Barre 2025 official portrait.jpg | caption2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]]<br /><small>Ra'iisul Wasaare tan iyo 2022</small> }} jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo wakiil ka ah baarlamaanka . Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ayaa ah madaxa qaranka iyo taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya , waxaana uu soo xulaa Ra’iisul wasaare si uu u noqdo madaxa xukuumadda . Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya waa baarlamaanka qaranka Soomaaliya. Labada Aqal ee Sharci-dejinta Qaranka waxa ay ka kooban yihiin Golaha Shacabka (Aqalka Hoose) iyo Senatka (Aqalka Sare), kuwaas oo xubnahooda loo doortay in ay qabtaan muddo afar sano ah. Baarlamaanka ayaa dooranaya Madaxweynaha, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka iyo ku xigeenadiisa. Waxa kale oo ay awood u leedahay in ay ansixiso oo diido sharciyada. [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|thumb|[[Aaden Nuur|Aadan Madoobe]], [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]]]] Garsoorka Soomaaliya waxaa qeexaya Dastuurka kumeel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Waxaa 1-dii Agoosto 2012 ku ansixiyay Golaha Dastuurka Qaranka ee Muqdisho, dukumeentiga waxaa dejiyay guddi khubaro ah oo uu guddoomiye u yahay qareenka iyo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka, Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari . Waxay bixisaa aasaaska sharciga ah ee jiritaanka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka iyo isha awood sharci. Qaab dhismeedka maxkamadaha qaranka waxaa loo habeeyay saddex heer: Maxkamada Dastuuriga ah, Maxkamadaha heer Federaal iyo maxkamado heer dowlad goboleed . Golaha Adeegga Garsoorka oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood ayaa magacaabaya xubin kasta oo heer Federaal ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka. Waxa kale oo ay soo xulaysaa oo ay horgeynaysaa golaha shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah garsoorayaasha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah si ay u ansixiyaan. Haddii la ansixiyo, Madaxweynuhu wuxuu musharraxa u magacaabayaa garsoore Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah oo ka kooban shan xubnood ayaa ka garnaqsa arrimaha dastuurka, marka laga soo tago arrimo kala duwan oo heer federaal iyo heer maamul goboleed ah. Sharciga Soomaalidu waxa uu ka soo jeedaa saddex hab oo isku dhafan oo kala ah: Sharciga Madaniga ah , Shareecada Islaamka iyo Xeer-dhaqameedka . Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tilmaanta Soomaaliya waa dalka 5-aad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika . Burburkii Soomaaliya ka dib 1991 ma jirin wax xidhiidh ah ama xidhiidh dhex maray dawladda Somaliland oo ku dhawaaqday in ay dal tahay iyo dawladda Soomaaliya ===Qaybaha maamulka=== {{Main|Gobolada Soomaaliya|Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya}} ​Soomaaliya si rasmi ah waxay u qaybsantaa toddoba [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|dawlad goboleed]] iyo siddeed iyo toban [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|gobol]] (''gobollada'', kaligeed waa ''gobol''),<ref name="factbook"/> kuwaas oo iyana u sii qaybsama degmooyin. Gobolladu waa: {| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|center|upright=1.3|Gobollada Soomaaliya oo leh dowlad-goboleedyo midabbo leh]] |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Somaliland}}{{color box|#72FE6E}}'''[[Somaliland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Awdal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Maroodi Jeex|Woqooyi Galbeed]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]]*{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Khatumo}}'''{{color box|#6CCAFE}} [[Waqooyibari|Waqooyi Bari]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Puntland}}'''{{color box|#AEA9FE}} [[Puntland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Nugaal|Nugaal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Galmudug}}'''{{color box|#DFA9FE}} [[Galmudug]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Galguduud]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |- |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">'''{{flag icon|Hirshabeelle}}{{color box|#FE3A46}} [[Hirshabeelle]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Hiiraan|Hiiraan]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Dhexe]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|South West State of Somalia}}'''{{color box|#FE9C5A}} [[Koonfur Galbeed|Koonfur Galbeed]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bakool]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Baay|Baay]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Hoose|Shabeellaha Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Jubaland}}'''{{color box|#FEBB5A}} [[Jubaland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Gedo]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Dhexe]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flagicon image|Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg}}'''{{color box|#F5F601}} [[Banaadir]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Muqdisho|Muqdisho]]{{pb}} |} <small> * Lagu muransan yahay</small> <small> ** Waxaa Somaliland u kala saartay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> <small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ** Waxay Somaliland u qaybisay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> ​<small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ​Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda ''de facto'' waxay u qaybsan tahay [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|gobollada ismaamulka]] ee [[Puntland]] (oo isu tixgelisa dawlad goboleed ismaamul ah), [[Somaliland]] (dawlad iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madax-bannaani, aqoonsi xaddidan leh) iyo [[Waqooyibari|Dawlad Goboleedka Woqooyi Bari ee Soomaaliya]] oo dhowaan la aasaasay. Bartamaha Soomaaliya, [[Galmudug]] waa maamul goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. [[Jubaland]] oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa gobolka afaraad ee ismaamul ee ka tirsan federaalka.<ref name="factbook"/> Sannadkii 2014-kii, waxaa sidoo kale la aasaasay [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dawlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed]].<ref>{{cite news|title=International community welcomes newly-elected President of Somalia's Interim South West Administration|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|access-date=5 January 2015|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=19 November 2014|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la furay shirka dhismaha ee dawlad goboleedka cusub ee [[Hirshabeelle |Hirshabeelle]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adado conference kicks off in central Somalia|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|access-date=15 May 2015|agency=Garowe Online|date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104021/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​[[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] waxaa loo xilsaaray sannadkii 2012-kii inay soo xulaan tirada kama dambaysta ah iyo xuduudaha dawlad goboleedyada ismaamulka (si rasmi ah ''[[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Dawlad Goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah Federaalka]]'') ee ka tirsan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.<ref name="Frspc"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution|url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:2015 01 25 Turkish President Visit to Somalia-1 (16176887607).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo Madaxweynaha Turkiga Recep Tayyip Erdogan ayaa xariga ka jaray Terminalka cusub ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cabdulle ee magaalada Muqdisho. (25 Janaayo 2015)]] Xiriirka dibadda ee Soomaaliya waxaa maamula madaxweynaha sida madaxa dowladda, Ra’iisul wasaaraha oo ah madaxa xukuumadda, iyo wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee federaalka . Sida ku cad qodobka 54-aad ee dastuurka qaranka, qeybsiga awoodaha iyo kheyraadka ee dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya waa in ay ka wadahadlaan oo ay ku heshiiyaan dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada, marka laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira arrimaha dibadda, difaaca qaranka, jinsiyadda iyo socdaalka iyo siyaasadda lacagta. Qodobka 53-aad ayaa sidoo kale dhigaya in Dowladda Federaalka ay kala tashato Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Dowladda Federaalka arrimaha waaweyn ee la xiriira heshiisyada caalamiga ah oo ay ku jiraan wada-xaajoodka ganacsiga dibadda, maaliyadda iyo heshiisyada. Dowladda Federaalka waxay xiriir laba geesood ah la leedahay dhowr dowladood oo dhexe oo ka tirsan beesha caalamka. Waxaa ka mid ah Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Masar , Imaaraadka Carabta , Yemen , Turkiga , Talyaaniga , Ingiriiska , Denmark , Faransiiska , Maraykanka , Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , Federaalka Ruushka iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya . Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr safaaradood oo dibadda ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira safaarado iyo qunsuliyado shisheeye oo kala duwan oo fadhigoodu yahay caasimadda Muqdisho iyo meelo kale oo dalka ah. Soomaaliya waxay kaloo xubin ka tahay ururo badan oo caalami ah, sida Qaramada Midoobay , Midowga Afrika iyo Jaamacadda Carabta . Waxay xubin ka ahayd Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka 1969. Xubnaha kale waxaa ka mid ah Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , Kooxda 77 , Urur Goboleedka IGAD , Bangiga Caalamiga ah ee Dib-u-dhiska iyo Horumarinta , Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka Caalamiga ah , Ururka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah , Hay'adda Maaliyadda Caalamiga ah , Dhaqdhaqaaqa aan Isbahaysiga ahayn iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ===Milatari=== [[File:Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro - 1977.jpg|thumb|Gaashaanle Sare C/laahi Axmed Cirro oo ahaa Taliyihii Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed 1977kii.]] Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliya (SAF) waa ciidamada milateriga ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Isagoo Madaxwaynuhu ka yahay Taliyaha Guud ee Qaranka, waxa dastuurku u igmaday inay sugaan qarannimada, madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee qaranka. SAF waxa ay markii hore ka koobnaayeen Ciidanka , Ciidanka Badda , Ciidanka Cirka , Ciidanka Booliska iyo Nabadsugida . Muddadii xorriyadda ka dib, waxay kortay inay ka mid noqoto ciidamada waaweyn ee qaaradda. Kaddib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991kii wuxuu horseeday in la kala diro ciidankii xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed. Sannadkii 2004-tii, waxaa si tartiib-tartiib ah dib-u-dhis ciidan loogu sameeyay dhismihii KMG ahaa. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya ayaa hadda waxaa dusha kala socda Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo la dhisay bartamihii sanadkii hore ee 2012-ka. Bishii Janaayo 2013, dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa sidoo kale dib u howlgelisay hay’addii sirdoonka qaranka ee Muqdisho, iyadoo magaca hay’addaas loo bixiyay NISA . Dawlad- goboleedka Somaliland iyo Puntland waxay ilaashadaan ammaankooda iyo ciidamadooda booliiska. ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== Xuquuqda aadanaha waxaa lagu damaanad qaaday [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka Federaalka]]. Waxay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Xuquuqda Aadanaha oo la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2013.<ref name="Usthrs">{{cite news|title=Somalia takes human rights steps|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2013/09/03/Somalia-takes-human-rights-steps/UPI-34071378218185/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UPI|date=3 September 2013}}</ref> Isla waqtigaas, maamulka dhexe wuxuu bilaabay Maalinta Qaranka ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha, ansixiyay Khariidadda Rasmiga ah ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha,<ref name=Suehhrebubcp>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E |url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014 |newspaper=UN News Centre |date=3 September 2013 |archive-date = 2014-02-20}}</ref> wuxuuna dhameystiray Siyaasadda Qaranka ee Jinsiga ee ugu horreysay Soomaaliya.<ref name="Sasrracptrwvms">{{cite web|title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|publisher=AMISOM|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Galmada lab iyo dhedig labadaba waxay ku muteysanayaan dil Soomaaliya gudaheeda. Oktoobar 3, 2020, baadhaha xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa walaac ka muujiyay dib u dhigista dowladda Soomaaliya ee ballanqaadyada xuquuqda aadanaha. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154 ee magaalada Sharjah ee dalka Imaaraadka Carabta. Soomaaliya maanta waxay leedahay diyaarado dhowr ah oo gaar loo leeyahay.]] Sida laga soo xigtay CIA-da iyo Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , iyadoo ay socdaan kacdoono sokeeye, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ku kooban yahay marka hore xoolaha iyo xawaaladaha / xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee ku nool wadamada dhaqaalahoodu horumaray, iyo isgaarsiinta gudaha . Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay yaraanta tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo soo noqnoqoshada dagaalka sokeeye ee tobanaan sano socday , way adagtahay in la qiyaaso xajmiga ama kobaca dhaqaalaha. Sannadkii 1994-kii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay GDP-ga $3.3 bilyan. Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan. Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay in GDP-gu uu koray $5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , intii lagu jiray dagaal gudaha ah oo aad u yar, qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale koray, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo waaxda warshaduhu ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho , warbixintii 2007dii waxay xustay maalgashi gaar ah oo la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, ee hawlaha ganacsiga; Taas waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ahaa ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha, gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. Sannadkii 2007, dhaqaaleyahan Libertarian Peter Leeson waxa uu dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee korodhay u sababeeyay xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida (oo loo yaqaan Xeer ), kaas oo uu soo jeediyay in uu helo jawi xasiloon oo ganacsi lagu sameeyo. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, GDP qofkiiba sanadkii 2012 wuxuu ahaa $226, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhacay marka la eego 1990. Qiyaastii 43% dadweynaha waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Mareykanka ah maalintii, qiyaastii 24% dadka laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% waxay ku nool yihiin miyiga. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamada casriga ah ee warshadaha. Soomaaliya ayaa leh geela ugu badan adduunka. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo-dhaqato reer-guuraa ah, oo xoolo dhaqato ari, ido, geel iyo lo'. Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay ururiyaan xabag iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda. ===Beeraha=== Beeraha ayaa ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada. Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta. dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $460 milyan sannadkii, taasoo ka badan wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor. Soomaaliya waxaa ka jirta hoos u dhac ganacsi oo gaaraya ilaa 190 milyan oo dollar sanadkii, balse taasi waxaa dhaaftay lacagaha ay soo diraan Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool, taasoo lagu qiyaasay ilaa hal bilyan oo dollar. Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaallaan meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carbeed, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Taas oo taas ka duulaysa, dalalka Khaliijka Carabta ayaa bilaabay inay dalka ku sameeyaan maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah, iyadoo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabayaashii dhoofinta xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna iibsaday dhul beereed aad u ballaadhan. Soomaaliya sidoo kale waa dalka ugu badan ee keena Beeyada iyo Malmalka [[File:Mogadishu Sea Port.jpg|thumb|Dekada Muqdisho]] Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Sida laga soo xigtay Rugta Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha Soomaaliyeed , in ka badan lix shirkadood oo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale bixiya duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Daallo, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Jubba, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Afrikaan Express , Bariga Afrika 540, Xarunta Hawada Dhexe iyo Hajara. Sannadkii 2008, dawladda Puntland waxay heshiis malaayiin doollar ah la saxeexatay Dubai ' Kooxda Lootah, oo ah koox warshadeed goboleed oo ka hawlgasha Bariga Dhexe iyo Afrika. Heshiiskan ayaa dhigaya in wajiga koowaad ee maalgelinta uu ku kacayo 170 m, waxaana lagu wadaa in la dhiso shirkado cusub oo ka howlgala, maamula iyo dhismaha suuqa ganacsiga xorta ah ee magaalada Boosaaso iyo dhismaha badda iyo garoonka diyaaradaha. Shirkadda Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhisto dhismaha garoonka si ay u buuxiso heerarka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan waddo cusub oo 3,400 m (11,200 fuudh) ah, dhismayaal waaweyn iyo kuwo caawiye ah, tagaasida iyo garoonnada, iyo hareeraha ammaanka. Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba joogta Soomaaliyeed, in badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado ka sameysan kalluunka oo ku yaalla gobollada waqooyi, sidoo kale waxaa ku yaalla 25 warshadood oo ku yaalla agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada, biyaha macdanta, macmacaanka, bacaha, dharka , hargaha iyo saabuunta, saabuunta iyo saabuunta, aluminium, furaashyo xumbo ah iyo barkimo, doonyo kalluumeysi, oo sameeya baakadaha, iyo kuwa dhagxaanta lagu farsameeyo . Sannadkii 2004tii, waxaa sidoo kale magaalada laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaaddeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ah. Maalgelinta shisheeye waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray dad caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan General Motors iyo Dole Fruit . ===Habka lacagta iyo lacag bixinta=== [[File:Obverse 2022 Somalia 1 oz Silver coin Leopard.jpg|thumb|2022 Soomaaliya 1 oz lacag ah Leopard (100 shilin)]] Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . Kalsooni la’aanta lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo qaato marka la barbar dhigo shilinka Soomaaliga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacag- is-weydaarsiga lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad u badan ayaa sare u kac ku yimid, gaar ahaan wax kala iibsiga oo aad u hooseeya. Sida uu sheegay Baanka Dhexe, deegaankan sicir-bararka ayaa la filayaa inuu soo afjarmo isla marka uu bangigu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegta ah ee ay shirkaduhu soo kordhiyeen. In kasta oo Soomaaliya aysan lahayn awood lacageed oo dhexe muddo ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxeysay markii uu qarxay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1991-kii iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009-kii, nidaamka lacag-bixinta ee qaranka ayaa si cadaalad ah u horumaray iyadoo ay ugu horreyso jiritaanka baahsanaanta shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha. Intooda badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin Ururka Xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA), oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama ururka ka horreeyay ee Ururka Adeegyada Maaliyadeed ee Soomaaliya (SFSA). MTO-yada Soomaalida ugu weyn waa Dahabshiil , oo ah shirkad ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2,000 oo qof oo ku kala nool 144 waddan oo laamo ku leh London iyo Dubai [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]] Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aasaasay 2012 si ay u soo jiitaan maalgashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dardargeliyo dib u dhiska ka socda Soomaaliya kadib colaadaha. ===Tamarta iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah=== Baanka Adduunka waxa uu sheegay in, 2007-dii, in korontadu ay inta badan bixiyeen ganacsiyo maxalli ah. Shirkadahan gudaha waxaa ka mid ah Shirkadda Tamarta Soomaaliyeed , oo qabata abuurista, gudbinta iyo qaybinta korontada.Sannadkii 2010, qaranku wuxuu soo saaray 310 milyan kWh wuxuuna cunay 288.3 milyan kWh oo koronto ah, oo kala galay 170aad iyo 177aad, siday u kala horreeyaan, sida ay CIA-du sheegtay. [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay kayd khayraad badan oo dabiici ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Yuuraaniyam , Bir ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . CIA-da ayaa sheegtay in ay jiraan 5.663 bilyan cubic mitir oo kayd gaas dabiici ah oo la xaqiijiyey. Lama hubo joogitaanka iyo inta uu le'eg yahay kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya. CIA-da waxa ay cadaysay in laga bilaabo 2011 aanay dalka ka jirin kayd shidaal oo la xaqiijiyey, halka UNCTAD ay soo jeedinayso in kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya ugu badan uu ku yaal xeebaha waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland. Koox saliideed ah oo ku taxan Sydney , Kheyraadka Buuraleyda , waxay ku qiyaaseen in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyi-bari uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10 6 m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 10 9 m 3 ) oo saliid ah, ayaa caddeeyey in kaydka saliidda ee Suudaan uu yahay 6.7 bilyan. Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Batroolka Soomaaliya waxaa dhistay dowladda federaalka. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay Soomaaliya ka heleen kayd weyn oo Yuraaniyaam ah iyo kayd macdaneed oo naadir ah. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshadaha ay qiyaaseen in cadadka kaydka ahi ay noqon karto in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas la yaqaan ee 800,000 oo tan. Sannadkii 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya wuxuu soo sheegay in waddanku leeyahay 5,000 tan oo uranium ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo uranium ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay kheyraad dheeraad ah (EAR) ee kaydka calcrete , iyo sidoo kale 0-150,000 oo kheyraad ah oo uranium ah. kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxa ay u xuub-siibatay soo saarista Yuraaniyaamka adduunka ugu weyn, iyada oo ay ku tartamayaan shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, Imaaraadka, Talyaaniga iyo Baraasiil. Xiriir Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah waxay saami ku leedahay gobollada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres (470,002 ha) ee Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA), oo ay ku jirto sahaminta Yuuraaniyam. Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska warshadaha ee Is dhexgalka Caalamiga ah waa shirkad tamareed oo fadhigeedu yahay Muqdisho. Waxaa ku midoobay shan shirkadood oo waaweyn oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga , maaliyadda , amniga iyo isgaarsiinta , kaddib heshiiskii wadajirka ahaa ee 2010-kii lagu saxiixay magaalada Istanbul ee dalka Turkiga si ay u bixiyaan kaabayaasha korontada iyo gaaska ee Soomaaliya. Iyada oo miisaaniyadii hore ee maalgelinta ahayd $1 bilyan, shirkaddu waxay bilawday Mashruuca Kala qaybinta Nabadda Soomaaliya, oo ah barnaamij tamar xoog leh oo xoog leh oo loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo hindisayaasha warshadaynta gudaha. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa laga filayaa in dhaqaalaha uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’ideysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya. ===Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta=== [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]] Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bilaabay in ay abuurmaan oo u tartamaan sidii ay u heli lahaayeen kaabayaal dhaqaale oo maqan. Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah oo ay maalgaliyeen ganacsato Soomaaliyeed ayna taageerayaan khubaro ka kala socota Shiinaha , Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyo Yurub, shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah ayaa bixiya adeegyo taleefoonnada gacanta iyo internetka ah oo jaban oo aan laga helin meelo badan oo kale oo qaaradda ah. Macaamiishu waxa ay ku samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha (sida Dahabshiil-ka caanka ah ) iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyaga oo isticmaalaya telefoonnada gacanta, iyo sidoo kale in ay si fudud u helaan internet wireless. Ka dib markii ay iskaashi la sameeyeen shirkado caalami ah sida Sprint , ITT iyo Telenor , shirkadahani hadda waxay bixiyaan wicitaanada telefoonka ugu jaban uguna nadiifsan Afrika. Shirkadahan isgaarsiinta Soomaalida ayaa sidoo kale adeegyo u fidiya magaalo kasta iyo magaalo kasta oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah. Hadda waxa jira ilaa 25 khadadka ugu muhiimsan 1,000kii qofba, helida khadadka taleefoonada ee maxaliga ah ( Cufnaanta taleefannada ) ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer in ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah. Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Kooxda Golis Telecom, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom iyo Kooxda Somali Telecom. Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Inkasta oo ay xafiiltamaan, dhowr shirkadood oo kuwan ka mid ah ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaanta 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha, ilaalinta iyo ballaarinta shabakadahooda, iyo hubinta in tartanka uusan ka bixin xakamaynta. Telefishinka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee ay dowladdu maamusho waa kan ugu weyn ee adeegga dadweynaha ee qaranka. Muddo labaatan sano ah ka dib, waxaa si rasmi ah dib loo howlgeliyay idaacadda 4 - tii Abriil 2011 . TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Puntland TV iyo Radio hawada gobolada waqooyi. Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr telefishin iyo shabakado raadiyo oo gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah Telefishanka Horn Cable iyo Telefishanka Universal . Wargeysyada Xog Doon iyo Xog Ogaal iyo Horyaal Ciyaaraha oo ka soo baxa caasimadda dalka dibaddiisa. Waxa kale oo jira tiro warbaahin oo online ah oo tabisa wararka gudaha, oo ay ku jiraan Garoowe Onlayn , Wardheernews, iyo Boostada Puntland. Koodhka dalka internetka ee heerka sare (ccTLD) ee Soomaaliya waa .so . Waxa si rasmi ah dib u hawl-galiyey 1-dii November 2010-kii oo ay samaysay Diiwaanka .SO, kaas oo ay nidaamisay Wasaaradda Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Qaranka. Bishii Nofembar 2013, ka dib Heshiis Is-afgarad ah oo lala saxiixday Boostada imaaraadka bishii Abriil ee sanadka, Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta dowladda federaalka ayaa si rasmi ah dib ugu dhistay Adeegga Boostada Soomaaliyeed (Boostada Soomaaliyeed). Bishii Oktoobar 2014, wasaaraddu waxay sidoo kale dib u bilawday keenista boostada ee dibadda. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Laas Geel.jpg|thumb|Sawirro qadiimi ah oo ku yaal Laas Geel , Hargeysa]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay meelo soo jiidasho leh oo maxalli ah, oo ka kooban goobo taariikhi ah, xeebo, biyo-dhacyo, silsilado buuro iyo jardiinooyin qaran. Warshadaha dalxiiska waxa maamusha wasaaradda dalxiiska ee qaranka. Maamulada Puntland iyo Somaliland waxay leeyihiin xafiisyo dalxiis oo u gaar ah. Ururka Dalxiiska Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA) ayaa sidoo kale bixiya adeegyo la-talin ah oo dalka gudihiisa ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha dalxiiska qaranka. Laga bilaabo Maarso 2015, Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Duurjoogta ee Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la qorsheeyay in la sameeyo kaydad dheeri ah iyo noocyada duurjoogta. Dowladda Mareykanka waxay kula talisay dadka safarka ah inaysan u safrin Soomaaliya. Muuqaallada xusidda mudan waxaa ka mid ah godadka Laas-geel oo ay ku jiraan fanka dhagaxa Neolithic ; Cal Madow , Buuraha Golis iyo Buuraha Oogo ; biyo-dhacyada Isku -shuban iyo Lamadaya ; iyo Seeraha Qaranka ee Hargeysa , Jilibka Qaranka , Beerta Qaranka ee Kismaayo iyo Beerta Qaranka ee Lag Badana . ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:Aden Abdullah Airport.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde]] Shabakadda waddooyinka Soomaaliya waa 22,100 km (13,700 mi). Laga bilaabo 2000 , 2,608 km (1,621 mi) jidad ayaa la saaray 19,492 km (12,112 mi) lama laami ah. Waddo dheer oo dhererkeedu yahay 750 km (470 mi) ayaa isku xirta magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga dalka, sida Boosaaso , Gaalkacyo iyo Garoowe iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Laba iyo lixdan garoon diyaaradeed oo Soomaaliya oo dhan ah ayaa qaada gaadiidka hawada; toddobo ka mid ah kuwan ayaa laami la saaray. Kuwa dambe, afar garoon diyaaradeed ayaa leh dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee ka badan 3,047 mitir (9,997 ft); laba waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 iyo 3,047 m (7,999 iyo 9,997 ft) midna waa 1,524 ilaa 2,437 m (5,000 ilaa 7,995 ft) dheer. Waxa jira shan iyo konton garoon diyaaradeed oo leh meelo ay ka soo degaan oo aan laami ahayn. Mid waxa uu leeyahay dhabo diyaaradeed oo ka badan 3,047 m; afar waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 m iyo 3,047 m dherer; labaatan waa 1,524 m ilaa 2,437 m; afar iyo labaatan waa 914 m ilaa 1,523 m; lixna waxay ka hooseeyaan 914 mitir (2,999 ft). Garoomada ugu waaweyn ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde ee Muqdisho, Garoonka Diyaaradaha Hargeysa ee Hargeysa, Garoonka Kismaayo ee Kismaayo , Garoonka Baydhabo ee Baydhabo iyo Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso. Somali Airlines oo la aas aasay 1964-tii, waxay ahayd duulimaadka calanka Soomaaliya. Waxa ay joojisay hawlihii ay ka shaqayn jirtay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii sokeeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee , dawladdii Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay ayaa markii dambe bilowday diyaargarow loogu jiro dib u hawlgelinta shirkadii la filayey in dib loo bilaabo sannadkii 2012 . In ka badan lix ka mid ah shirkadahan diyaaradeed ee gaarka loo leeyahay waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Iyadoo leh xeebta ugu dheer qaaradda, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr dekedood oo waaweyn . Gaadiidka badda ayaa laga helaa dekedaha Muqdisho, Boosaaso, Berbera , Kismaayo iyo Marka . Waxaa kaloo jira hal badeecooyin badeed ah . Waxa la aasaasay 2008, waxa ay ku salaysan tahay xamuulka. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== {{Further|Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool}} {|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Tirada Dadka{{UN_Population|ref}} |- ! style="background:#cfb;"|Sano ! style="background:#cfb;"|Milyan |- |style="text-align:left;"|1950 ||style="text-align:right;"|2.3 |- |style="text-align:left;"|2000 ||style="text-align:right;"|9.0 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Somalia}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}} |} Soomaaliya waxaa ka maqan xog la isku halayn karo. Wadanku waxa lagu qiyaasaa dad lagu qiyaasay 17.1 milyan oo degan 2021; wadarta dadka marka loo eego tirakoobkii 1975 waxay ahaayeen 3.3 milyan. Sahan ay samaysay Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay oo la sameeyay 2013 iyo 2014 ayaa lagu qiyaasay tirada guud ee dadka inay tahay 12,316,895. Qiyaastii 85% dadka deegaanka waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah , kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan deggenaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka. Waxay dhaqan ahaan u abaabulan yihiin reer guuraa xoolo-dhaqato ah, boqortooyo dabacsan, suldaanno iyo dawlad-goboleedyo. Dagaalladii sokeeye ee billowgii sagaashamaadkii waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen tirada qurbo-joogta Soomaalida , iyadoo in badan oo ka mid ah Soomaalidii aqoonta sare lahayd ay dalka ka tageen. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ayaa ah inta ka hartay shacabka Soomaaliyeed, waxayna inta badan ku badan yihiin gobollada koonfureed. Waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , Bantus , Bajuuni , Xabashi (gaar ahaan Oromo ) Yamaniyiin , Hindi , Faaris , Talyaani iyo Ingiriis . Qowmiyadda Bantus oo ah qowmiyadda ugu badan ee laga tirada badan yahay Soomaaliya, waa faracii addoomo laga keenay Koonfur-bari Afrika oo ay lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Soomaali ah. 1940kii, waxa ku noolaa Somaliland Talyaani ilaa 50,000 Talyaani ah . Inta badan reer Yurub waxay ka tageen xorriyadda ka dib, iyadoo tiro yar oo reer galbeed ah ay weli joogaan Soomaaliya oo u badan kuwa u shaqeeya hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[File:Population pyramid of Somalia 2015.png|thumb|Dadka da' kasta]] Qurba joog Soomaaliyeed oo aad u tiro badan ayaa ka jira wadamo kala duwan oo reer galbeed ah sida Maraykanka (gaar ahaan gobolka Minnesota ) iyo Ingiriiska (gaar ahaan London ), Iswidhan, Kanada, Norway, Nederland, Jarmalka, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Switzerland, Austria, Talyaaniga, iyo sidoo kale Jasiiradda Carabta , iyo dalal dhowr ah oo Afrikaan ah sida Uganda iyo Koonfur Afrika . Qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa si weyn ugu lug leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka Soomaaliya. Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed , ayaa horay u ahaa qurbo-joog, wuxuuna heystay dhalashada Mareykanka oo uu si iskii ah uga tanaasulay 2019. Dadka Soomaaliya waxa ay ku sii fidayaan kobac dhan 1.75% sanadkii, halka 1,000 qofba ay dhallaan 40.87. Wadarta heerka bacriminta Soomaaliya waa 6.08 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba (qiyaastii 2014), waana tan afaraad ee ugu sareysa adduunka, sida uu qabo Buugga Xaqiiqooyinka Adduunka ee CIA . Inta badan dadka deegaanka ayaa ah dhalinyaro, da'da dhexdhexaadka ah waa 17.7 sano; Qiyaastii 44% dadku waxay da'doodu u dhaxaysaa 0-14 sano, 52% waxay u dhexeeyaan da'da 15-64 sano, kaliya 2% waa 65 sano ama ka weyn. Saamiga lab iyo dheddig waa qiyaas dheelli tiran, iyadoo saami ahaan lagu qiyaaso inta ragga ah sida dumarka. Ma jiraan xog la isku halayn karo oo ku saabsan magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Qiyaaso adag ayaa la sameeyay oo tilmaamaya heerka magaalaynta 4.8% sanadkii (2005–2010 qiyaas ahaan.), iyadoo magaalooyin badan ay si degdeg ah u korayaan magaalooyinka. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa sidoo kale ka soo guuray miyiga una guuray magaalooyinka tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaalladii sokeeye, gaar ahaan Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo . Laga soo bilaabo 2008 , 37.7% dadweynaha qaranku waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka, iyadoo boqolkiiba ay si degdeg ah u kordheyso. ===Luuqadaha=== Af-Soomaaligu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee ugu horreysa ee Soomaaliya halka Carabiga uu yahay luqadda labaad ee rasmiga ah ee dastuurka. Af-Soomaaligu waa afkii hooyo ee dadka Soomaaliyeed oo ah qowmiyadda ugu tirada badan qaranka. Waa xubin ka tirsan laanta Kushitigga ee qoyska afafka Afro-Aasiyatiga, qaraabada ugu dhowna waa afafka Oromada, Canfarta iyo Saho. Af-Soomaaligu waa kan ugu wanaagsan ee laga diiwaan geliyo luqadaha Kushitigga, iyada oo daraasado tacliimeed lagu sameeyay laga soo bilaabo 1900 ka hor. [[File:Somali Stone.jpg|thumb|Looxa dhagaxa ah ee laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ee suugaanta Wadaad]] Af-Soomaaligu wuxuu u qaybsamaa saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: Waqooyi, Banaadir iyo Maayga. Soomaali-waqooyi (ama Waqooyi-Bartamaha Soomaaliya) ayaa saldhig u ah heerka Soomaaliga. Benaadir (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xeebta Soomaaliya) waxaa looga hadlaa xeebta Banaadir, laga bilaabo Cadale ilaa koonfurta magaalada Marka oo ay ku jirto Muqdisho, iyo sidoo kale dhulka hoose ee dhow. Lahjadaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin telefoono dheeraad ah oo aan ku qornayn Soomaali caadi ah. Maayga waxaa ku hadla inta badan beelaha Digil iyo Mirifle (Raxanweyn) ee dega deegaanada koonfurta Soomaaliya. Banaadiri waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka, marka la barbardhigo Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Somaliland. Sanado badan ayaa habab qoris kala duwan loo adeegsaday qorista afka Soomaaliga. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah alifbeetada Soomaaliga, oo ah tan ugu badan ee la isticmaalo, isla markaana noqotay qoraalka rasmiga ah ee Soomaaliya tan iyo markii Golaha Sare ee Kacaanku si rasmi ah u hirgeliyay bishii Oktoobar 1972.<ref>Economist Intelligence Unit (Great Britain) ''Middle East annual review'' (1975) p. 229</ref> Qoraallo kale oo qarniyo badan loo adeegsanayay qorista Soomaaliga waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Carabiga iyo qoraalka Wadaadka. Habab qoraal oo asal ahaan Soomaaliyeed oo la sameeyay qarnigii 20-aad waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Cusmaaniya, qoraalka Borama iyo qoraalka Kaddare.<ref>{{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|pp=86–87}}.</ref> [[Carabi|Carabiga]], oo ah luqadda labaad ee Soomaaliya,<ref name="Frspc"/> waxaa ku hadla ku dhowaad hal milyan oo Soomaali ah<ref name="ethnologue.com">{{Cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308060654/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |archive-date=8 March 2021 |access-date=2 February 2020 |website=Ethnologue}}</ref> sababo la xiriira xiriirrada qarniyada badan jiray ee ay la leedahay Dunida Carabta, saameynta ballaaran ee warbaahinta Carabiga, iyo waxbarashada diinta.<ref name="Dubnov">Helena Dubnov (2003) ''A grammatical sketch of Somali'', Kِppe, pp. 70–71.</ref><ref>Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor (1993) ''The Somalis: their history and culture'', Center for Applied Linguistics, p. 15.</ref><ref>Fiona MacDonald et al. (2000) ''Peoples of Africa'', Vol. 10, Marshall Cavendish, p. 178.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=((American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies)) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 |title=Area Handbook for Somalia |date=1969 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |page=235 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 December 2005 |title=Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide |url=http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-date=14 December 2006 |access-date=27 June 2010 |publisher=Mepc.org}}</ref><ref name="Abdullahi 2001 12">{{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=1}}.</ref> SIL Global waxay qiyaastaa tirada guud ee dadka ku hadla, iyadoo aan loo eegin heerka aqoontooda, inay ka badan tahay laba milyan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages|title=Somalia|website=Ethnologue}}</ref> Waxaa loo adeegsadaa luqad cibaado maadaama uu yahay afka [[Qur'aan|Qur'aanka]]. Soomaalidu waxay bartaan akhriska iyo qorista Carabiga iyagoo da' yar. [[File:Arabic in Somalia Graph.png|thumb|280px|left|Qiyaasta aqoonta Carabiga ee dadka Soomaaliyeed, iyadoo la kala saarayo akhriska qoraalka Qur'aanka iyo ku hadalka Carabiga.<ref name="Salad2025">{{cite journal |last=Salad |first=Hussein Ahmed |title=Somali community perception on Arabic language |journal=Horn of Africa Journal of Social Science |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=50–60 |year=2025 |doi=10.70806/frz04z80}}</ref>]] [[Af-Ingiriis|Ingiriisiga]] si weyn ayaa looga hadlaa loona dhigaa. Wuxuu ahaan jiray luqad maamul xilligii maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska, waxaana sabab u ah caalamiyeynta uu hadda caan ka yahay guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Ingiriisigu waa luqadda waxbarashada ee jaamacado badan oo Soomaaliya ku yaalla, waana mid ka mid ah luqadaha shaqada ee ugu waaweyn hay'adaha aan dawliga ahayn ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaaniga]] wuxuu ahaa luqad rasmi ah xilligii Somaliland Talyaaniga iyo muddadii wakiillimada, laakiin isticmaalkiisa aad ayuu hoos ugu dhacay kaddib xorriyadda. Hadda waxaa inta badan laga maqlaa jiilalka waaweyn, saraakiisha dowladda, iyo dadka aqoonta leh. Luqadaha kale ee laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese, oo ah nooc ka mid ah luqadda Bantu ee Sawaaxiliga oo laga hadlo xeebaha ay deggan yihiin dadka Bravanese, iyo Kibajuni, oo ah lahjad Sawaaxili ah oo ah afka hooyo ee kooxda qowmiyadeed ee laga tirada badan yahay ee Bajuni. {{clear}} ===Gobolada iyo magaalooyinka=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} ===Diinta=== {{bar box|float=right |title=[[Diinta Soomaalida]] 2010<ref name="Pew">{{cite web |title=The Global Religious Landscape|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2013|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=27 December 2013|page=49}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Diin|right1=Boqolkiiba |bars= {{bar percent|[[Islaam|Islaam]]|green|99.8}} {{bar percent|Mid Kale|red|0.2}} }} {{Main|Diinta Soomaalida}} '''Diinta Soomaaliya 2010''' Diinta Boqolkiiba Islaamka 99.8% Mid kale 0.2% [[File:Mosislsol2.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Isbaheysiga Islaamka ee magaalada Muqdisho ayaa ah masjidka ugu weyn gobolka Geeska.]] Sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew , 99.8% dadka Soomaaliya waa Muslim 315. Inta badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin laanta Islaamka ee sunniga iyo mad-habta shaaficiga ee fiqiga islaamka . suufiyada , dariiqada suufiga ah ee Islaamka, ayaa sidoo kale si fiican u dhisan, oo leh jamacooyin badan oo maxalli ah zawiya ama jameeco ka mid ah tariiqooyinka kala duwan ama suufiyada. Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu kaloo qeexayaa diinta Islaamka inay tahay diinta dowladda ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, shareecada Islaamkana ay tahay isha aasaasiga ah ee sharci-dejinta qaranka. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in aan la samayn karin xeer aan waafaqsanayn mabaadi’da aasaasiga ah ee shareecada. Diinta Masiixiga waa diimo laga tiro badan yahay Soomaaliya, dadka raacsani waxay matalaan in ka yar 0.1% dadweynaha sanadka 2010 sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew. Tirada Masiixiyiinta Soomaaliya waxa lagu qiyaasaa 1,000 qof. Waxaa jira hal dariiqo Katoolik ah oo dalka oo dhan u yaal, Diocese-ka Muqdisho , taas oo ku qiyaastay in 2004 ay jireen ku dhawaad ​​boqol dhakhaatiir Katoolik ah. Sannadkii 1913kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku noolaa dhulka Soomaalida, iyada oo ilaa 100-200 oo keliya ay ka yimaaddeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee hawlgalladii Kaatooligga ee Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska . Sidoo kale ma jirin hawl wadeenno Katoolik ah oo la yaqaan oo ka socday Somaliland Talyaani isla muddadaas. Sannadihii 1970-aadkii, xilligii ay Soomaaliya ka talinaysay dowladdii Marxist-ta , waxaa la xiray iskuulladii ay kaniisaddu maamuli jirtay, adeegayaashana waxaa loo diray guryahooda. Tan iyo 1989-kii ma jirin wax Baasaboor ah oo dalka ka howlgala, waxaana cathedral- ka Muqdisho ka dhacay burbur xooggan oo soo gaaray dagaalladii sokeeye. Bishii Disembar 2013, Wasaaradda Caddaaladda iyo Arrimaha Diinta ayaa sidoo kale soo saartay awaamiir mamnuucaysa in dalka laga qabto xafladaha Kiristaanka. Marka loo eego xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sanadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diimaha dadweynaha . Kuwaas oo u badnaan ka koobnaa qaar ka mid ah qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ku nool qaybaha koonfureed ee dalka, kuwaas oo ku dhaqma nacayb . Dhanka Bantuda , dhaqamadaas diineed waxay ka dhaxleen awoowayaashood Koonfur Bari Afrika . Intaa waxaa dheer, marka loo eego Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sannadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diinta Yuhuudda , Hinduismka , Budhiismka , ama aan ku xidhnayn diin kasta . ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Life expectancy in Somalia.png|thumb|Cimriga Soomaaliya, 1950 ilaa 2023]] Ilaa burburkii dawladdii dhexe ee sannadkii 1991-kii, haykalka hab-dhismeedka iyo hab-dhismeedka maamulka ee waaxda daryeelka caafimaadka ee Soomaaliya waxa dusha kala socday Wasaaradda Caafimaadka. Saraakiisha caafimaadka ee gobolku waxay ku raaxaysanayeen xoogaa awood ah, laakiin daryeelka caafimaadku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u dhexeya. Dawladii hantiwadaaga ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre waxay joojisay dhaq-dhaqaaqii caafimaadka ee gaarka ahaa 1972 . Nidaamkii daryeelka bulshada ee Soomaaliya ayaa si weyn u burburay dagaalladii sokeeye ee xigay. Sida waaxaha kale ee hore loo qarameeyay, bixiyayaasha aan rasmiga ahayn ayaa buuxiyey booskii banaanaa waxayna bedeleen kalidii dawladii hore ee daryeelka caafimaadka, iyada oo helitaanka tas-hiilaadka ay markhaati ka tahay koror weyn. Xarumo daryeel caafimaad oo badan, rugo caafimaad, isbitaallo iyo farmasiyo ayaa howsha lagu dhisay iyadoo loo marayo dadaallo Soomaaliyeed oo gurigooda lagu beeray. Qiimaha la-talinta caafimaadka iyo daaweynta xarumahan waa mid hooseeya, $ 5.72 booqasho kasta oo xarumaha caafimaadka ah (oo leh daboolida dadweynaha ee 95%), iyo $ 1.89-3.97 booqasho bukaan-socod iyo $ 7.83-13.95 maalintii sariiraha aasaasiga ah ilaa isbitaallada sare. Isbarbardhigga muddada 2005-2010 iyo tobankii sano ee badhkii ka hor dillaaca iskahorimaadka (1985-1990), rajada nolosha ayaa dhab ahaantii kor u kacday celcelis ahaan 47 sano ragga iyo dumarka ilaa 48.2 sano ragga iyo 51 sano haweenka. Sidoo kale, tirada hal sano jirka ah ee si buuxda looga tallaalay jadeecada ayaa kor uga kacday 30% 1985-1990 ilaa 40% 2000-2005, iyo qaaxada , waxay kor u kacday ku dhawaad ​​20% ilaa 50% isla muddadaas. Tirada dhallaanka miisaankoodu hooseeyo ayaa hoos uga dhacay min 16 1,000kiiba ilaa 0.3, taasoo ah 15% hoos u dhac ku yimid wadar ahaan isla waqtigaas. Intii u dhaxaysay 2005 iyo 2010 marka la barbardhigo 1985-1990, dhimashada dhallaanka ee 1,000 dhalasho waxay sidoo kale hoos uga dhacday 152 ilaa 109.6. Muhiimad weyn, dhimashada hooyada 100,000 ee dhallaanka waxay ka dhacday 1,600 dagaalkii ka hor 1985-1990 tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ilaa 1,100 muddadii 2000-2005. Tirada dhakhaatiirta 100,000 ee qof ayaa sidoo kale ka kacay 3.4 ilaa 4 isla waqti isku mid ah, sida boqolkiiba dadka helay adeegyada fayadhowrka, kuwaas oo ka kordhay 18% ilaa 26%. Marka loo eego xogta Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee shaqaalaha umulisooyinka, wadar ahaan 429 umulisooyin ah (oo ay ku jiraan kalkaalisooyin- umulisooyin) Soomaaliya, oo leh cufnaanta hal umuliso 1,000kii carruur ah ee nool. Siddeed xarumood oo umulisooyin ah ayaa hadda dalka ka jira, oo laba ka mid ah ay yihiin kuwo gaar loo leeyahay. Umulisada waxaa nidaamisa dowladda, waxaana loo baahan yahay shatiga si loogu shaqeeyo si xirfadeysan. Diiwaangelin toos ah ayaa sidoo kale jirta si loola socdo umulisooyinka shatiga haysta. Intaa waxaa dheer, umulisooyinka dalka waxaa si rasmi ah uga wakiil ah ururka umulisooyinka maxalliga ah, oo ka diiwaangashan 350 xubnood Marka loo eego qiyaasta hay'adda caafimaadka adduunka ee 2005, qiyaastii 97.9% haweenka iyo gabdhaha Soomaaliya ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah, caadada guurka ka hor inta badan waxay ku dhacdaa Geeska Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow. Waxaa dhiirigeliyay haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in la ilaaliyo dhawrsanaanta, laga hortago sinada, lagana ilaaliyo weerarka. Sannadkii 2013, UNICEF oo kaashanaysa maamullada Soomaaliya ayaa sheegtay in heerka baahsanaanta ee gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 1- ilaa 14-sano ee ku nool gobollada waqooyi ee Puntland iyo Somaliland ay hoos ugu dhacday 25% ka dib olole wacyigelin bulsho iyo diineed ah. Qiyaastii 93% ragga Soomaaliyeed ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay in la guday Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya heerka caabuqa HIV ee qaaradda. Taasna waxaa loo aaneynayaa dabeecadda Muslimka ah ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo ku-dhaqanka Soomaalida ku dhaqanka akhlaaqda Islaamka. Iyadoo lagu qiyaasay heerka faafidda HIV ee Soomaaliya 1987 (sannadkii warbixinta kiiskii ugu horreeyay) uu ahaa 1% dadka waaweyn, warbixin 2012 ka soo baxday UNAIDS ayaa sheegaysa in tan iyo 2004, qiyaasaha laga soo bilaabo 0.7% ilaa 1.0% la qiyaasay. In kasta oo daryeelka caafimaadku hadda inta badan ku urursan yahay ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay, nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka guud ee dalku waxa uu ku socdaa dib-u-dhiskiisa, waxaana dusha kala socota wasaaradda caafimaadka. Wasiirka caafimaadka Qamar Aadan Cali. Ismaamulka Puntland waxa uu leeyahay Wasaarad u gaar ah Caafimaadka, sida gobolka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya. Xarumaha caafimaadka ee dalka caanka ka ah ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Bariga Baardheere , Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Caabudwaaq , Isbitaalka Hooyada ee Edna Aadan iyo qeybta Hooyada ee Galbeedka Baardheere . ===Waxbarashada=== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ayaa si rasmi ah uga mas’uul ah waxbarashada Soomaaliya, waxaana ay dusha kala socotaa dugsiyada hoose dhexe , sare ,farsamada iyo farsamada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale tababaridda macallimiinta hoose iyo kuwa farsamada iyo waxbarashada dadban . Qiyaastii 15% ee miisaaniyadda dawladda waxa loo qoondeeyey hab-waxbarasho. Maamul-goboleedka Puntland iyo Somaliland ayaa iska leh wasaaradaha waxbarashada. [[File:Mogauniv1.jpg|thumb|Xarunta ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda Muqdisho ee Muqdisho]] Waxbarashada sare ee Soomaaliya hadda waa mid gaar loo leeyahay. Dhawr jaamacadood oo dalka ku yaala oo ay ku jirto jaamacadda Muqdisho ayaa lagu qiimeeyay 100-ka jaamacadood ee ugu wanaagsan qaaradda Afrika in kasta oo ay jiraan deegaan qallafsan, taasoo lagu tilmaamay inay tahay guul laga gaaray hindisayaal salka ku haya . Jaamacadaha kale ee sidoo kale bixiya tacliinta sare ee koonfurta waxaa ka mid ah Jaamacadda Banaadir , Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed , Jaamacadda Kismaayo iyo Jaamacadda Gedo . Puntland waxbarashada sare waxaa bixiya Jaamacadaha Puntland iyo Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika . Somaliland waxa bixiya Jaamacada Camuud , Jaamacada Hargeysa , Somaliland Jaamacadda Teknolojiyadda iyo Jaamacadda Burco . Dugsiyada Qur'aanka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan dugsi quran ama malcamad quran ) ayaa ah nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee barashada diinta dhaqameed. Loo yaqaan habka ugu xasilloon ee deegaanka, nidaamka aan tooska ahayn ee waxbarashada oo bixiya waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee diinta iyo akhlaaqda, xooggoodu waxay ku tiirsan yihiin taageerada bulshada iyo adeegsigooda agab waxbarasho oo gudaha laga sameeyay oo si weyn loo heli karo. Nadaamka Qur’aanka oo wax lagu baro tirada ugu badan ee ardayda marka loo eego qeybaha kale ee waxbarashada, ayaa inta badan ah nidaamka kaliya ee ay heli karaan Soomaalida reer guuraaga ah marka loo eego magaalooyinka. Si wax looga qabto khaladaadka dhanka culuumta diinta, dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa dhankeeda sidoo kale ka dib dhistay Wasaaradda Awqaafta iyo Arrimaha Islaamka, taasoo hadda lagu maamulo waxbarashada Qur’aanka. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cunto=== [[File:Banadir3.jpg|thumb|Noocyada kala duwan ee cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Soomaalida]] Cunnada Soomaalidu waa isku dhaf noocyo kala duwan oo cuntooyin ah kuwaas oo laga soo dheegtay dhadhanka Carabta , Hindida iyo Talyaaniga taas oo si toos ah uga dhalatay taariikhda baaxadda leh ee Soomaaliya ee ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga. Tusaalooyinka cuntooyinka Soomaalida waxaa ka mid ah cunnooyinka sida bariiska iyo baasto , iyo hilibka sida wan , lo'da , iyo digaagga . Xawaashyada udgoonka ah sida cumin , karoomada , iyo kiraanta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo dhadhan kala duwan suxuunta. Waxaa barbar socda maraqa , rootiga fidsan , iyo rootiga , cunnada kale ee Soomaalida waa Canjeero /Laxooh , oo ah nooc canjeero khamiir leh oo u eg roodhida fidsan ee laga dhadhamiyo Soomaaliya iyo dalalka deriska ah sida Itoobiya , Eritera iyo Yemen . Additionally, camel meat and milk are considered a delicacy. Bariiska Soomaaliya oo ah cuntada caadiga ah ee cashada ama qadada , ayaa sida caadiga ah la dhadhamiyey waxaana lagu daraa maaddooyin kala duwan sida hilibka , khudaarta , iyo, si xoogaa gaar ah, sabiib . Maaha wax aan caadi ahayn in saxankan loo soo bandhigo qaab muuqaal ah iyadoo lagu darayo midabyo badan, sababtoo ah qaybo gaar ah ayaa laga yaabaa in si macmal ah loogu dhejiyo hadhka jaalaha ah ama orange-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo saffron iyo dhir kale si kor loogu qaado bilicdeeda [[File:Djiboutian rice (bariis) and fish (kalluun), Liver (beerka) with vegetable also (Sabaayad) pancakes.jpg|thumb|Bariis Soomaali ah (bariis) iyo kalluun (kalluun), Beerka (biir) khudaar leh sidoo kale (Sabaayad) canjeelo]] Xiligii gumaystaha talyaanigu waxa si wayn loo qaatay baastada iyo laasgaabka gaar ahaan koonfurta. Shaaha iyo kafeega ayaa sidoo kale runtii caan ah. Soomaalida ayaa ka mid ahaa dadkii hore u qaatay cunista kafeega , waxaana ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ay ka mid ahaayeen ganacsatadii ugu horreysay ee dhoofisa digirta Kafeega. Qaxwaha Soomaalida, oo gudaha loo yaqaan ' Qahwo ' iyo shaaha 'Shah', ayaa aad uga dhex muuqda habka diyaarinta, kaas oo ku lug leh xulashada xawaashka kala duwan si kor loogu qaado muuqaalkeeda dhadhanka. 'Xalwo', oo si dhow ula xiriirta Cumaan ' Xalwaa ', waa daweyn jelly-la mid ah oo siman oo lagu sameeyay xawaash , iniin, laws , iyo sonkor la shiiday . Macmacaankan waxa si caadi ah loogu wada adeegaa " Qahwo ". Cunto ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameedka ah waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ama fooxa ( unsi ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa r loo yaqaan dabqaad . ===Muusiga=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Muusiga Soomaaliyeed waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Aaladaha dhaqameed ee sida weyn looga dhex muuqday fanka Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah oud lute . Inta badan waxaa la socda durbaan yaryar iyo biibiile cawsduur ah oo gadaal ka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama "codadka") ===Suugaanta=== Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ayaa sanadihii lasoo dhaafay ahaa ilo ay ka soo jeedaan abwaanno, qorayaal iyo hal-abuuro caan ah, kuwaas oo qayb weyn ka qaatay soo saarista iyo qaabaynta hab-raacyada aqoonta iyo dhaqanka Muslimiinta, mana aha oo kaliya Geeska Afrika ee waxa ay gaadheen meelo fog-fog oo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Carabta iyo gobollada kale ee adduunka. Soomaaliya waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa, oo ay ka mid yihiin, qoraaga Kanadiyaan ah iyo aqoonyahanada Margaret Laurence , "Qaranka Abwaanada " iyo "Qaranka Baadiyada ". Sahmiye iyo qoraa Ingiriis oo caan ah Richard Burton ayaa si hufan wax uga qoray Soomaaliya: Dalku wuxuu la socdaa, 'Abwaanada, nin kastaa wuxuu leeyahay mawqifkiisa la aqoonsan yahay ee suugaanta sida saxda ah ee loo qeexay sida in dib loo eegay qarniyo joornaal ah - dhegta wanaagsan ee dadkani waxay keenaysaa in ay qaataan raaxada ugu weyn ee dhawaaqyada iswaafaqsan iyo tibaaxaha maansada, halka tiro been ah ama weedh qallafsan ay ku kicinayaan." ===Casri ah=== [[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Abwaan , faylasuuf iyo hal-abuure, Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame (Hadraawi)]] Markii la qaatay farta laatiinka sannadkii 1972-kii oo laga dhigay halbeegga alifbeetada qaranka, waxaa kaloo soo saaray qorayaal Soomaali ah oo aad u tiro badan, kuwaas oo qaarkood sumcad weyn ku helay caalamka oo dhan. Qorayaashan casriga ah, Nuruddin Farah waa kan ugu caansan, isagoo helay, abaal-marinno kale, 1998-kii Neustadt ee abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee suugaanta . Faarax MJ Cawl waa qoraa kale oo caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ku ahaa sheeko-qoraalkiisii ​​xilligii Dervish , Jahligu waa cadowga jacaylka . Waxa kale oo maansada Soomaalidu aad u kobcaysay wakhtigan iyadoo Hadraawi uu sumcad qaran ku helay tiraabtiisa iyo maansadiisa. ===Ciyaaraha=== Kubadda cagta waa ciyaaraha ugu caansan Soomaaliya. Tartamada gudaha ee muhiimka ah ayaa ah horyaalka Soomaaliya iyo koobka Soomaaliya , iyadoo xulka qaranka Soomaaliya uu ciyaaro heer caalami. Kubadda kolayga ayaa sidoo kale laga ciyaaraa dalka. Horyaalkii FIBA ​​Africa 1981 ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Muqdisho 15 ilaa 23 December 1981, xiligaasi oo xulka qaranka kubada koleyga ay heleen bilada maarta ah. Sannadkii 2013-kii, waxaa magaalada Borlänge laga dhisay koox qaran oo ka tirsan kooxaha burcad badeeda Soomaalida . Waxa ay ka qaybgashay tartankii Horyaalka Adduunka ee Bandy 2014. Dhanka fanka dagaalka waxaa billad qalin ah iyo kaalinta afraad ku qaatay Faysal Jeylaani Aweys iyo Maxamed Deeq Cabdulle oo ka tirsan xulka qaranka Teekwondo-ga , waxayna ku guuleysteen koobka Taekwondo-ga Adduunka ee 2013 ee Tongeren Intaa waxaa dheer, Maxamed Jaamac waxa uu ku guuleystay labada koob ee adduunka iyo Yurub ee K-1 iyo feerka Thai . ===Dhismaha=== [[File:Gondereshe2008.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Gondershe]] Qaab-dhismeedka Soomaalidu waa dhaqan qani ah oo kala duwan oo xagga injineernimada iyo naqshadeynta ah. Iyadoo la eegayo wakhtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, dhexe iyo kuwii hore ee casriga ahaa ee dalka, waxa kale oo ay soo dhawaynaysaa isku dhafka qaab dhismeedka Somali-Islaamka oo leh nashqado casri ah oo reer galbeed ah. Soomaalidii hore, dhismooyinka haramka ah ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Taalo waxay ahaayeen qaab caan ah oo lagu aaso, iyadoo boqolaal ka mid ah taallooyinkii dhagaxaanta qallalan ay maanta ku baahsan yihiin dalka. Guryo ayaa laga dhisay dhagxaan lebisan oo la mid ah kuwii Masar hore . Waxa kale oo jira tusaaleyaal barxadaha iyo darbiyada waaweyn ee dhagaxa ah ee lagu soo dejiyey deegaamada, sida darbiga Wargade. Qaadashada Islaamka ee taariikhda dhexe ee hore ee Soomaaliya waxa ay Islaamku ka keentay Carabta iyo Faaris . Tani waxay kicisay isbeddelka dhismaha ee dhagaxa engegan iyo agabka kale ee la xidhiidha oo loo beddelay dhagaxa kooraska , lebennada qorraxda qallalan , iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee dhagaxa nuuradda ee dhismaha Soomaalida. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah naqshadaha cusub ee naqshadaha, sida masaajidda, ayaa lagu dhisay burburka dhismooyinkii hore, dhaqankaas oo socon doona qarniyada soo socda. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Warbixin Soomaaliya]] ==Taariikh nololeed== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Diriye Abdullahi |first=Mohamed |author-link=Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ |title=Dhaqanka iyo Caadooyinka Soomaaliya |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2 |series=Dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka Afrika |location=Westport, Conn}} * {{Cite journal |last= Alpers |first= Edward A. |year= 1976 |title= Gujarat iyo Ganacsiga Bariga Afrika, c. 1500–1800 |journal=[[The International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |volume= 9 |issue= 1 |pages= 22–44 |doi= 10.2307/217389 |jstor= 217389 }} * {{Cite book |author= Gebru Tareke |year= 2009 |title= Kacaankii Itoobiya: Dagaalka Geeska Afrika |url= https://archive.org/details/ethiopianrevolut0000gebr |location= New Haven,&nbsp;CT |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4}} * {{Cite book |last= Laitin |first= David D. |year= 1977 |title= Siyaasad, Luuqad, iyo Fikir: Khibradda Soomaalida |location= Chicago |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn= 978-0-226-46791-7 }} * {{Cite journal |last1= Lecarme |first1= Jacqueline |last2= Maury |first2= Carole |year= 1987 |title= Qalab Software ah oo loogu talagalay Cilmi-baarista Luuqadda iyo Qaamuusyada: Codsiga Soomaaliga |journal= Computers and Translation |volume= 2 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–36 |doi= 10.1007/BF01540131 |s2cid= 6515240 }} * {{Cite book |last=Mauri |first=Arnaldo |chapter-url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=958442 |title=Nidaamyada Bangiyada Afrika |publisher=[[Cariplo]] – Finafrica |year=1971 |editor-last=Dell'Amore |editor-first=Giordano |location=Milan |pages=209–217 |chapter=Horumarinta Bangiyada Soomaaliya}} * {{Cite book |last= Samatar |first= Said S. |year= 1982 |title = Gabayada Afka iyo Qaranimada Soomaaliyeed |location= Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-10457-9 }} * {{Cite book |last= Schraeder |first= Peter J. |year= 2006 |editor-last=Barrington |editor-first=Lowell W. |chapter-url=https://press.umich.edu/pdf/0472098985-ch5.pdf |title=Ka Dib Xorriyadda: Samaynta iyo Ilaalinta Qaranka ee Dowladaha Dhacdooyinka Kadib |pages=107–137 |chapter=Laga bilaabo Irredentism ilaa Kala-go'id: Hoos u dhaca Qaranimada Pan-Soomaali |location= Ann Arbor |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn= 978-0-472-09898-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Shay |first=Shaul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqw0DwAAQBAJ |title=Soomaaliya oo is-beddelaysa Tan iyo 2006 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-4128-5390-3 |location=New Brunswick}} * {{Cite book |last= Warmington |first= Eric Herbert |year= 1995 |title= Ganacsiga u dhexeeya Boqortooyadii Roomaanka iyo Hindiya |publisher= South Asia Books |isbn= 81-215-0670-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1= Zolberg |first1= Aristide R. |author-link1=Aristide Zolberg |last2= Suhrke |first2= Astri |last3= Aguayo |first3= Sergio |author-link3= Sergio Aguayo |year= 1989 |title= Ka Baxsiga Rabshadaha: Khilaafaadka iyo Qaxootiga Dalalka Horumarka |location= New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-19-505592-4 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Rosati |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=av8qvZ-0sHUC&pg=PA169 |title=Soosaarista Xoolaha iyo Sayniska Xoolaha Caalamka |last2=Tewolde |first2=A. |last3=Mosconi |first3=C. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Wageningen Academic Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-8686-034-0 |series=WAAP buugga sanadka |location=Wageningen |page=169}} {{Refend}} ==Xusuusin== {{lang-so|Soomaaliya}} {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|i|ə|audio=Somalia pronunciation (English).wav}} '''Soomaali:''' Soomaaliya [soːmaːlija], qoraalka Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; Carabi: الصومال, la turjumay: aṣ-Ṣūmāl '''Soomaali rasmi ah:''' Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Carabi: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية Xuduudka Jabuuti–Soomaaliya waxaa si sharci ah u maamula Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo si caalami ah loo aqoonsan yahay, laakiin dhab ahaan waxaa gacanta ku haya ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ "Qaramada Midoobay, Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada, Qaybta Dadweynaha (2022). Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |date=20220711213112 }} * [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025"] *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada ee Qaramada Midoobay] *[https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx "Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka 2022: Tusiyeyaasha tirakoobka ee gobol, degaan iyo waddan, sannad kasta 1950-2100"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx |date=20230306213755 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 <nowiki>Buug-gacmeedka Aagga Soomaaliya: La-qorayaasha: Irving Kaplan [et al.] Cilmi-baadhis iyo qoraal ayaa la dhammaystiray Juun 15, 1969</nowiki>] *[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo is-casilay iyadoo lagu jiro loolan dhanka awoodda ah"] *[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ Islaam qunyar socod ah ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} *[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Ciidamada Kenya oo la wareegay saldhigii Al-Shabaab ee Soomaaliya] *[http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay oo sheegay in la furayo baarlamaanka cusub ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhiga ahaa"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=hCb6xzeydigC&q=somalia+stillbay+culture&pg=PA201 Dhaqamada Horyaala ee Geeska Afrika: Falanqaynta Casrigii Dhagaxa ee Dhaqanka iyo Cimilada ee Somaliland iyo Qaybaha Bari ee Xabashida] *[https://archive.org/stream/geographyofherod00whee/geographyofherod00whee_djvu.txt Juqraafiga Herodotus: Waxaa laga soo sawiray Cilmi-baadhisyo Casri ah iyo daahfurkii] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ&dq=isaaq+sultanate&pg=PA274 Dabeecadda Is-dilitaanka ee Waddamada Muslinka ah ee u badan: Cudurrada faafa, Waxyaabaha halista ah, iyo Ka-hortagga] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020220/http://togdheernews.com/articles/31/05/2016/taariikhda-saldanada-reer-guuleed-ee-somaliland-abwaanibraahim-rashiid-cismaan-guure-aboor/ "Taariikhda Saldanada Reer Guuleed Ee Somaliland.Abwaan:Ibraahim-rashiid Cismaan Guure (aboor). | Togdheer News Network"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210811205734/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/degmada-cusub-ee-dacarta-oo-loogu-wanqalay-munaasibad-kulmisay-madaxda-iyo-haldoorka-somaliland/ "Degmada Cusub Ee Dacarta Oo Loogu Wanqalay Munaasibad Kulmisay Madaxda Iyo Haldoorka Somaliland"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002022805/https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/10/22/state-sponsored-violence-and-conflict-under-mahamed-siyad-barre-the-emergence-of-path-dependent-patterns-of-violence/ "Rabshadaha iyo colaadaha ay dowladdu soo qabanqaabisay ee Mahamed Siyaad Barre: soo ifbaxa qaabab rabshado ah oo ku tiirsan waddada"] *[https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604082615/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acb654.html "Somalia: Warbixin ku saabsan qabsashadii magaalada Beled Uen ee United Somali Congress (USC) ee dhamaadkii 1990 ama horraantii 1991 iyo dhibaatadii Daarood ee Beled Uen ee askarta USC"] *[https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar Cadan oo hoos imanaysa Gumaysiga Ingiriiska, 1839–1967] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022175949/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Soomaaliya waxay horay ugu socotaa ciyaaraha Taekwondo-ga aduunka"] *[http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Guul weyn Malta ee K1 Kickboxing"] *[http://www.cid.harvard.edu/neudc07/docs/neudc07_s1_p02_ahuja.pdf Gudniinka Labka ah iyo AIDS-ka: Saamaynta Dhaqaale-dhaqaale ee Dhibaatada Caafimaadka ee Eric Werker, Amrita Ahuja, iyo Brian Wendell :: NEUDC 2007 Waraaqaha :: Shirarka Horumarinta Jaamacadaha Waqooyi Bari"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131006071502/http://www.ameinfo.com/176786.html "Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Maal-gashiga Lootah ayaa kala saxiixday heshiisyo istiraatijiyadeed oo ku kacaya 170-Dhs] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928150305/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Hagaha Doorashada Puntland 2009"] *[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Iyadoo dhibaatada Soomaaliya ay sii kordhayso, ayay khubaradu u arkaan in ay meesha ka maqan tahay gargaarka"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410 "Beesha Caalamka Oo Soo Dhaweysay Madaxweynaha Cusub Ee Maamulka Kumeel Gaarka Ah Ee Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya"] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7802622.stm "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo xilka ka dagay"] *[http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Furitaanka Doodda Shirka Sannadlaha ah ee Sannadlaha, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ku booriyay Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah inay saxafada u sheegaan wax ka qabashada faqriga, argagixisanimada, xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, colaadaha"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ Dhaxalkii Gumeysiga ee Soomaaliya: Rome iyo Muqdisho: Laga soo bilaabo Maamulkii Gumeysiga ilaa Howlgalkii Rajada soo celinta] *[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120810180135/http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Soomaaliya oo kor u kacaysa labaatan sano oo dagaal sokeeye iyo qalalaase ka socday"] * ​[https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "Mylonas, Harris. De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations. Somaliland Parade"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab. Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia. Anadolu Agency"] * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs"] * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Dinfin Mulupi. Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} [https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698394.001.0001 "James Ker-Lindsay (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Lionel Casson (1984). Ancient Trade and Society"] "Jorge Alejandro Suárez. Geopolítica de lo Desconocido: Una visión diferente de la Política International" "Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C "Lidwien Kapteijns (2012). Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=D97AEAAAQBAJ "Joana Cook (2023). The Rule Is For None But Allah. Oxford University Press"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC "Ali Jimale Ahmed (1995). The Invention of Somalia"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C "I. M. Lewis & Said Samatar (1999). A Pastoral Democracy"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=kREOAQAAMAAJ "Anita Suleiman (1991). Somali studies: early history"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=GWjxR61xAe0C "J.D. Fage (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3"] * [https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican0000unse_j3c5/page/105 "Peter Robertshaw (1990). A History of African Archaeology"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=lRDYAW4wXOYC "D. W. Phillipson (2005). African Archaeology"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=6GFGsswTIO8C "Eric Delson (2004). Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory"] * [https://books.google.com/books? id=x6o4XLIKN0UC "Michael D. Petraglia (2009). The Evolution of Human Populations in Arabia"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C "Raphael Chijioke Njoku (2013). The History of Somalia"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC "Roshen Dalal (2011). The Illustrated Timeline of the History of the World"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=M6NI2FejIuwC "Phillip Briggs (2012). Somaliland"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=OP5LAAAAMAAJ "Encyclopedia Americana (1965). Volume 25"] [https://archive.org/details/peoplesofthehorn007763mbp "I. M. Lewis (1955). Peoples of the Horn of Africa"] * [https://archive.org/stream/historyanddescr03porygoog#page/n180/mode/2up "Leo Africanus (1526). The History and Description of Africa"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC "Ioan M. Lewis (1994). Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=zJU3AAAAIAAJ "M. Th. Houtsma (1987). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA17 "I. M. Lewis (1999). A Pastoral Democracy"] "Enrico Cerulli (1957). Somalia: Storia della Somalia. L'Islām in Somalia" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=DNHvb6nSN-AC&pg=PA79 "Edward A. Alpers (2009). East Africa and the Indian Ocean"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=S3oyoVIIlMQC&pg=PA22 "Nigel Harris (2003). The Return of Cosmopolitan Capital"] "Aleksi Ylönen (2023). The Horn Engaging the Gulf. Bloomsbury" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ "S. M. Yasir Arafat (2024). Suicidal Behavior in Muslim Majority Countries"] "Truhart, P. (1984). Regents of nations: systematic chronology of states. p. 72" "I. M. Lewis. A pastoral democracy (1999), p. 157." "Genealogies of the Somal (1896). Eyre and Spottiswoode (London)" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=pGkMAQAAIAAJ "Roland Anthony Oliver. History of East Africa, Volume 2 (1976)"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=iMRf1RZ9zkAC "Roland Anthony (2007). Somalia in Pictures"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=cereWkyNJckC "Kwame Anthony Appiah & Henry Louis Gates (2003). Africana"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ "Paolo Tripodi (1999). The Colonial Legacy in Somalia"] "Christopher L. Daniels (2012). Somali Piracy and Terrorism in the Horn of Africa" "Mohamed Adan Sheikh (1991). Arrivederci a Mogadiscio" "Kaplan Irving (1977). Area Handbook for Somalia. Volume 550" "Raphael Chijioke Njoku (2013). The History of Somalia. ABC-CLIO" "Muuse Yuusuf (2022). The Genesis of the Civil War in Somalia" * [https://afjn.org/somalia-mourns-a-golden-era-as-crisis-worsens/ "Somalia Mourns a 'Golden Era' as Crisis Worsens. Africa Faith and Justice Network"] * [http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/153/26334.html "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia. Global Policy Forum"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=558 "Somalia President, Parliament Speaker dispute over TFG term. Garowe Online"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USCIRF,,,4a4f272bc,0.html "USCIRF Annual Report 2009 – The Commission's Watch List: Somalia"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Somalia: Guide to Puntland Election 2009. Garowe Online"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml |date=20130928150305 }} [http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Opening Annual General Assembly Debate. UNIS Vienna (2005)"] [http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/22/un-boss-urges-support-for-somalia-ahead-of-istanbul-summit/ "Kamaal. UN boss urges support for Somalia. Horseed Media"] [http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 "Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi. Kenya High Commission"] {{Wayback|url=http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 |date=20120816100759 }} * [http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html "Analysis of EUCAP Nestor by the Global Governance Institute"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html |date=20130402205646 }} [https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/partnerships-and-data-sharing-enhance-delivery-of-somalia-drought-relief-afe-0624 "Partnerships and Data Sharing Enhance Delivery of Somalia Drought Relief. World Bank"] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html "Somalia. The World Factbook (2009)"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html "Coastline. The World Factbook"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |date=20170716042040 }} * [http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm "Somalia – Climate. Country Studies"] [http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/113 "Fatima Jibrell. Goldman Environmental Prize"] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Jeffrey Gettleman. As Somali Crisis Swells, Experts See a Void in Aid. The New York Times"] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8318798.stm "Islamists break Somali port truce. BBC News"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/28/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia "Clar Ni Chonghaile. Kenyan troops launch beach assault on Somali city of Kismayo. The Guardian"] * [http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Muddassar Ahmed. Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest. Al Arabiya"] {{Wayback|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html |date=20120809223608 }} * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece "Jonathan Clayton. Somalia's secret dumps of toxic waste. The Times"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece |date=20110810033244 }} * [http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Monetary policy"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html |date=20090125062011 }} * [http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Payment system"] {{Wayback|url=http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html |date=20090122232449 }} * [http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf "UK Somali Remittances Survey"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf |date=20201109191722 }} * [http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 "Decades of community service recognised with award - Tower Hamlets Recorder"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511205333/http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 |date=20110511205333 }} * [http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ "The curious tale of the world-beating Somali shilling - Financial Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815142257/http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ |date=20170815142257 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 "Diplomat to start Somalia's first stock market - Reuters"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930100728/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/08/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 |date=20150930100728 }} * [http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php "Mission & Vision - Somali Energy Company"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522182434/http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php |date=20230522182434 }} * [http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf "UNCTAD: Somalia Investment Data"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075656/http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf |date=20160306075656 }} * [http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ "Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917005212/http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ |date=20070917005212 }} * [http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM "OPEC: World proven crude oil reserves by country"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905210305/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM |date=20130905210305 }} * [http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia "Soma Oil & Gas May Invest $20 Million to Survey Somalia - Bloomberg"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825065126/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia |date=20130825065126 }} * [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 "Big Uranium Find Announced in Somalia - The New York Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709212617/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 |date=20200709212617 }} * [https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) - Somalia Report"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119113709/https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} * [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 "Long Forgotten Uranium Bonanza Rediscovered - MarketWatch"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517211900/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 |date=20140517211900 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/world/somalia-business-keen-to-join-forces-for-peace-idUSTRE64M158/ "Somalia business keen to join forces for peace - Reuters"] * [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 "Telecom Firms Thrive in Somalia Despite War - The Wall Street Journal"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221707/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 |date=20170718221707 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 "Radio and electronic media edge out newspapers in Somalia - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213045204/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 |date=20121213045204 }} * [http://www.soregistry.so/ "SO Registry - Official .so Domain"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031021901/http://www.soregistry.so/ |date=20141031021901 }} * [http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ "International mail services officially resume in Somalia - UPU"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172506/http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ |date=20131109172506 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true "Somalia's government launches postal service - BBC News"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103224919/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true |date=20220103224919 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 "New tourism ministry under construction in Garowe - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042703/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 |date=20160304042703 }} * [http://somta.so/ "Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA)"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123131425/http://somta.so/ |date=20190123131425 }} * [http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 "South West State to renovate Government Hotels - Goobjoog"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411145528/https://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 |date=20230411145528 }} * [https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/ "Travel Advisory: Somalia - Travel.State.Gov"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311235850/https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/?extent=32.829980986%2C-1.783760626%2C59.54518237%2C12.077308381 |date=20200311235850 }} * [http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ "Somalia to revive national airline after 21 years - Laanta"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102150005/http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ |date=20141102150005 }} * [http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ "The long awaited Somali Airlines is Coming Back! - Keydmedia Online"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231315/http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ |date=20131202231315 }} * [https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO "World Bank Open Data: Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130043543/https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO |date=20231130043543 }} * [https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf "UNFPA: Population Estimation Survey of Somalia 2014"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf |date=20170804014649 }} * [http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html "The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191857/http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html |date=20140416191857 }} * [http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf "The Global Religious Landscape - Pew Research Center"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |date=20130806002044 }} * [http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm "Somalia – Education Overview - WES"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511075522/http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm |date=20110511075522 }} * [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html "The State Of The World's Midwifery - UNFPA"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120184853/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html |date=20120120184853 }} * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|pp=170–1}} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=109}} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|page=113}} * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * {{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohammed |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia (Culture and Customs of Africa) |url=https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=2012 |isbn=9780313313332 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri/page/98 98]–99}} * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia - Britannica"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ |date=20221014163003 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ker-Lindsay |first1=James |title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-969839-4 |pages=58–59}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Ancient Trade and Society - Lionel Casson"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ |date=20160805112006 }} * {{cite book|last1=Suárez|first1=Jorge Alejandro|title=Geopolítica de lo Desconocido|isbn=979-8393720292|page=227}} * {{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}} * {{cite book|author=Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe|title=The Collapse of the Somali State|year=1996|isbn=1-874209-91-X|pages=34–35}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 "Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 |date=20230207231426 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations - Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080323/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html "Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier - NYT"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html |date=20181128005934 }} * [[suspicious link removed] "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia, US Warlordism & AU Shame"] * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213 "The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia's Al-Shabaab"] * {{Cite book |title=The Rule Is For None But Allah |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780197690390 |page=111}} * [[suspicious link removed] "The Production of Somali Conflict and the Role of Internal and External Actors"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Somali president resigns amid power struggle - The Guardian"] * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ "Moderate Islamist picked as Somali president - CNN"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16979440 "Somalia's al-Shabab join al-Qaeda - BBC News"] * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 "Somalia conflict: Al-Shabab 'collects more revenue than government'"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 |date=20220928121250 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab - Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia - Anadolu Agency"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 |date=20230930234435 }} * [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm "Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed"] {{Wayback|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm |date=20131007224547 }} * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance - United Nations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html |date=20220329160054 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SO Saadaasha Horumarka Muhiimka ah ee Soomaaliya] laga helay [[International Futures]] === Dawladda === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so Albaabka rasmiga ah ee dowladda] – albaabka u furmaya bogagga dowladda * [https://villasomalia.gov.so/en Madaxtooyada] {{Wayback|url=https://villasomalia.gov.so/en |date=20250715221010 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha Soomaaliya * [https://opm.gov.so Ra’iisul Wasaaraha] – bogga rasmiga ah ee ra’iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya * [https://senate.gov.so Aqalka Sare] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya * [http://www.parliament.gov.so Baarlamaanka] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya * [https://nbs.gov.so Xog-ururin] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Xafiiska Qaranka ee Xog-ururinta Soomaaliya === Taariikh === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so/about-somalia "Taariikh"] – Taariikhda Soomaaliya ee bogga Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya === Dalxiis === * [https://tourism.gov.so Waaxda Dalxiiska] {{Wayback|url=https://tourism.gov.so/ |date=20230506225038 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Dalxiiska, Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Dhaqanka & Dalxiiska === Khariidado === * {{Wikiatlas}} * {{Osmrelation-inline|192799}} {{Navboxes |list = {{Midowga Afrika}} }} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Subject bar|Soomaaliya|Afrika|Dalalka|auto=yes|voy=Soomaaliya}} {{Authority control}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} <!-- ugu hooseeya per [[WP:SUBCAT]] - hoosaadka dalalka ee hoostaga qaybaha gobolka --> hphvkqhziut6htekm6yo0gxlbzl0u7a 0 43821 307488 296795 2026-09-08T05:11:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | country = [[Nigeria]] | constituency = [[Igabi]] | birth_date = 22 March 1965 | occupation = Siyaasi | successor = [[Hussaini Muhammad Jallo]] | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] | state = | office = Xubin ka tirsan [[Aqalka Wakiilada ee Nayjeeriya]] oo ka soo jeeda [[Gobolka Kaduna]] | term_start = 2019 | term_end = 2023 }} '''Zayyad Ibrahim''' (wuxuu dhashay 1965) waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah. Waxa uu xubin ka ahaa Golaha Wakiilada ee 9aad ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Igabi ee Gobolka Kaduna ee 2019 ilaa 2023. ==Nolosha hore== Zayyad Ibrahim waxa uu dhashay 22 March 1965 waxana uu ka soo jeedaa Gobolka Kaduna. ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== Doorashadii ku celiska ahayd ee 2023, Ibraahim waxa uu mar kale u tartamay xisbiga All Progressives Congress laakiin waxa ka guulaystay Husseini Muhammad Jallo oo ay xifaaltamaan oo ka tirsan xisbiga Peoples Democratic Party Mudane. Zayyad waxa uu hirgeliyay hindise, isaga oo kaashanaya Rt. Mudane. Yuusuf Ibrahim Zailani , Afhayeenka Aqalka Baarlamaanka ee Gobolka Kaduna oo sidoo kale laba jibaarantay Guddoomiyaha Madasha Af-hayeennada Waqooyi, si ay u xoojiyaan codkooda bacriminta iyo in ka badan 30,000,000 oo naira si ay u horumariyaan noloshooda Waxaa xilka kala wareegay Muxammad Abubakar, waxaana xilka kala wareegay Mohammed Hussaini Jallo. ==Tixraac== [https://sub-sahara.news.blog/2021/07/12/hon-zayyad-impact-on-politics-is-second-to-none/ "Hon. Zayyad saamaynta uu ku leeyahay siyaasadda waa labaad in aan midna"] [https://kunnengari.com/2022/12/25/hon-zayyad-secures-relief-materials-for-constituents/ "Mudane Zayyad waxa uu u damaanad qaaday agabka gargaarka dadka deegaanka"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://thesun.ng/kaduna-speaker-reps-member-empowers-constituents-with-over-n30m-bags-of-fertilizers/ "Afhayeenka Kaduna, Xubinta Reps waxa ay awood u siinaysaa dadka deegaanka in ka badan N30m, bacaha bacriminta"] [https://www.constrack.ng/lawmaker_details?id=152 "Xildhibaannada - ConsTrack Track and Report ku saabsan mashaariicda ay dowladdu maalgeliso ee Nigeria"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20241213052701/https://von.gov.ng/kaduna-re-run-election-apc-pdp-win-two-seats-each-in-4-lgas/ "Doorashada ku celiska ah ee Kaduna: APC, PDP waxay ku guulaysteen min laba kursi 4-da degmo"] [https://www.channelstv.com/2024/02/04/apc-pdp-candidates-emerge-winners-in-kaduna-bye-election/amp/ "Musharaxiinta APC, PDP ayaa ku soo baxay ku guulaystey doorashada Bye-ka Kaduna"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/02/04/apc-pdp-candidates-emerge-winners-in-kaduna-bye-election/amp/ |date=20250511042207 }} [https://tribuneonlineng.com/kaduna-lawmakers-empower-constituents-with-over-n30m-cash-fertilizer/ "Xildhibaannada Kaduna waxay awood u siinayaan codadka N30m lacag caddaan ah, bacrimin"] 8sgfrnuu4l7jqbrznuqcs3o55pzjtn6 0 45105 307485 290718 2026-09-08T04:18:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Tekno | image = Tekno.jpg | image_size = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = | caption = Alhaji Tekno oo ku nasanaya guriga | birth_name = Augustine Miles Kelechi Okechukwu | alias = {{flatlist| *Golden Boy of Africa *Slim Daddy *Alhaji Tekno }} | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|12|17|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Bauchi (city)|Bauchi]], [[Bauchi State]], Nigeria | origin = <!-- Origin field is not for biological origin --> | death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date 1st) --> | genre = {{flatlist| *[[Afrobeats]] *[[Hip hop music|hip-hop]] *[[R&B]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Fanaan|qoraa heesaha|soo saare}} | instrument = {{flatlist| *Vocals *[[Musical keyboard|keyboard]] }} | years_active = 2012–hadda | label = *[[Diiwaanada Jasiiradaha | Jasiiradaha]] (Hore) *[[Kooxda Muusigga Caalamiga ah | Universal]] (Hore) *Cartel (Hadda) *Kooxda Muusigga ee Ragga Made (Hore) *Madadaalada K-Money (Hore) | associated_acts = * [[Ice Prince]] * [[Davido]] * [[Lola Rae]] * [[Tiwa Savage]] * [[Zlatan]]. * [[Flavour N'abania]] * [[Timaya]] * [[Phyno]] }} '''Augustine Miles Kelechi Okechukwu''' (wuxuu dhashay 17 Diseembar 1992), oo caan ku ah Tekno , waa heesaa reer Nigeria ah , heesaa iyo soo saare rikoodh ah Heestiisa "Ku raaxayso" waxay ahayd gabaygii xidhitaanka ee qayb ka mid ah Emmy-guulaystayaashii Taxanaha TV-ga Ted Lasso (Xilliga Saddexaad, Qaybta Toddobaad). ==Asalkii hore iyo nolosha hore== Kelechi wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Ismaamulka Ivo, Gobolka Ebonyi , koonfur-bari Nigeria Waxa uu ku dhashay Gobolka Bauchi qoys ka kooban lix - shan wiil iyo hal gabar Waxa uu ku soo barbaaray qaybo badan oo dalka ka mid ah oo ay ku jiraan gobolka Nasarawa , Kaduna (magaalada caasimadda ah ee Kaduna State ) iyo Abuja (caasimada dhexe ee Nigeria) sababtoo ah aabihiis wuxuu ka tirsanaa ciidamada Nigeria Da'da 8, Tekno Miles waxaa lagu diiwaan geliyay dugsi muusig halkaas oo uu ku bartay oo uu ku fiicnaaday hab-dhaqanka kubbadda iyo gitaarka. Isagu waa walaalkii ka weynaa ficil kale oo muusig Nigeria ah, Spotless ==Tixraac== [http://www.encomium.ng/i-snubbed-jim-iyke-others-to-join-iyanyas-triple-mg-tekno-reveals/ "Waan diiday Jim Iyke, kuwa kale si ay ugu biiraan Iyanya's Triple MG, TEKNO ayaa shaaca ka qaaday"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.encomium.ng/i-snubbed-jim-iyke-others-to-join-iyanyas-triple-mg-tekno-reveals/ |date=20160224040852 }} [https://www.detectmind.com/tekno-miles-net-worth-biography-age-height-girlfriend-career-songs-more/ "Tekno Miles Net Qiimaha, Taariikh nololeedka & Wax ka badan" ] {{Wayback|url=https://www.detectmind.com/tekno-miles-net-worth-biography-age-height-girlfriend-career-songs-more/ |date=20230922020616 }} [http://www.informationng.com/2013/12/made-men-music-group-officially-sign-tekno-on-his-birthday.html "Kooxda Muusigga ee Ragga la sameeyay ayaa si rasmi ah u saxiixday Tekno Maalintiisa dhalashada"] 2wuewh8lm8yor7l002umso33mgrph24 828 45617 307378 291651 2026-09-07T17:59:09Z Isma4l 41797 307378 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local InfoboxImage = require('Module:InfoboxImage').InfoboxImage local delink = require('Module:Delink')._delink local fetch = require('Module:Political party')._fetch -- Faallayaasha kaalmada ah -- local notblank = function (v) return (mw.text.trim(v or "") ~= "") end local ifblank = function (v, alt1, alt2) return notblank(v) and v or (notblank(alt1) and alt1 or alt2) end local ucfirst = function (s) return mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(s,1,1)) .. mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.sub(s,2), '_', '&nbsp;') end local function export(func, frame) -- Akhriso doodaha laga keenayo gelitaanka -- local args = {} local frameArgs = false for k,v in pairs(frame.args) do if notblank(v) then args[k] = mw.text.trim(v) frameArgs = true end end if not frameArgs then for k,v in pairs(frame:getParent().args) do if notblank(v) then args[k] = mw.text.trim(v) end end end return p[func](args, frame) end -- Template:Infobox election/shortname -- function p._shortname(sargs) local link = sargs.link local name = sargs.name if link ~= 'no' and notblank(name) and delink({[1] = name, wikilinks = 'target'}) == name then -- shayada hoose ee array-ga waa kuwo yaryar oo ula kac ah uga maqan xarafka 's' ee dhamaadka ah local names = { independent = '[[Independent politician|' .. name .. ']]', miscellaneou = '[[Independent politician|DIV]]', -- xarafka 's' si ula kac ah ayaa looga tagay other = 'Others', ['other parties and independent'] = 'Others & [[Independent politician|IND]]', regionalist = '[[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalists]]', tbc = '[[To be announced|TBC]]', tbd = '[[To be announced|TBD]]', vacant = '[[Casual vacancy|Vacant]]' } return names[mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.lower(name), 's$', '')] or ('[[' .. name .. '|' .. fetch({[1] = name, [2] = 'shortname'}) .. ']]') end return name or '' end p.shortname = function (frame) return export('_shortname', frame) end -- Template:Infobox election/row -- function p._row(rargs, frame) local rtype = mw.ustring.lower(rargs.type or '') local ongoing = rargs.ongoing == 'yes' local output = {'|-'} setmetatable(output, {__call = function (t, v) t[#t+1] = v end }) -- Ku dar array adigoo wacaya local function threeCells(cellType, title, always, shortname) local centeredCell = function (key) local name = shortname and p._shortname({link = rargs[key .. '_name'], name = rargs[key]}) or (rargs[key] or '') return ('| style="' .. (notblank(rargs[key]) and 'width:75px;' or '') .. 'text-align:center" | ' .. name ) end if always or ( notblank(rargs[cellType .. '1']) or notblank(rargs[cellType .. '2']) or notblank(rargs[cellType .. '3']) ) then output('|-') output('! style="width:75px;text-align:left" |' .. (ifblank(rargs[cellType .. '_label'], title, ucfirst(cellType or '')))) output(centeredCell(cellType .. '1')) output(centeredCell(cellType .. '2')) if always or notblank(rargs.col3) then output(centeredCell(cellType .. '3')) end end end if notblank(rargs.divider) and ( notblank(rargs.party1) or notblank(rargs.color1) or notblank(rargs.leader1) or notblank(rargs.party2) or notblank(rargs.color2) or notblank(rargs.leader2) or notblank(rargs.party3) or notblank(rargs.color3) or notblank(rargs.leader3) ) then output('| colspan=4 | ' .. rargs.divider) end output('|- class="sr-only"') if not ongoing and ( rtype == "parliamentary" or rtype == "legislative" ) and ( notblank(rargs.party1) or notblank(rargs.party2) or notblank(rargs.party2) ) then output('! style="text-align:left;" | &nbsp;') output('! style="text-align:center" | ' .. (notblank(rargs.party1) and rargs.header1 or '')) output('! style="text-align:center" | ' .. (notblank(rargs.party2) and rargs.header2 or '')) if notblank(rargs.col3) then output('! style="text-align:center" | ' .. (notblank(rargs.party3) and rargs.header3 or '')) end end -- Sawirada -- output('|-') if notblank(rargs.party1) or notblank(rargs.color1) or notblank(rargs.image1) or notblank(rargs.party2) or notblank(rargs.color2) or notblank(rargs.image2) or notblank(rargs.party3) or notblank(rargs.color3) or notblank(rargs.image3) then if notblank(rargs.filler) then output('! <br />' .. rargs.filler) else output('| &nbsp;') end local image = {} for i = 1, notblank(rargs['col3']) and 3 or 2, 1 do image[i] = '| class="notheme" style="text-align:center;' if not notblank(rargs['party' .. i]) and not notblank(rargs['color' .. i]) then image[i] = image[i] .. 'width:0;' end if notblank(rargs['color' .. i]) then local color = mw.text.trim(mw.text.decode(rargs['color' .. i])) if (#color == 3 or #color == 6) and string.match(color, "^[0-9a-fA-F]*$") then color = '#' .. color end image[i] = image[i] .. 'border-bottom: 6px solid ' .. color elseif rargs.party_color ~= 'no' and notblank(rargs['party' .. i]) then local color = mw.ustring.gsub(rargs['party' .. i], '^(%[%[%s*[^%]%[]*%]%]).*$', '%1') color = delink({[1] = color, wikilinks = 'target'}) color = fetch({[1] = color, [2] = 'color', error = 'NOTHERE'}) if color ~= 'NOTHERE' then image[i] = image[i] .. 'border-bottom: 6px solid ' .. color end end image[i] = image[i] .. ';" | ' .. InfoboxImage( frame:newChild{ title = frame:getTitle(), args = { image = rargs['image' .. i] or '', size = notblank(rargs['image' .. i .. '_size']) and rargs['image' .. i .. '_size'] or (rargs.image_size or ''), alt = rargs['alt' .. i] or '', upright = notblank(rargs['image' .. i .. '_upright']) and rargs['image' .. i .. '_upright'] or ( (notblank(rargs['col3']) and notblank(rargs['image3'])) and '0.4' or '0.6' ), suppressplaceholder = 'yes', class = notblank(rargs['pageimage' .. i]) and '' or 'notpageimage noresize', } } ) output(image[i]) end end -- Musharaxa madaxweynaha & doorashada dhexe -- if notblank(rargs['nominee1']) or notblank(rargs['nominee2']) or notblank(rargs['nominee3']) then if ({primary = 1, presidential = 1, ['by-election'] = 1})[rtype] == 1 then threeCells('nominee', '', true) -- musharax, ma jiro cinwaan kale, mar walba tus end else threeCells('candidate') -- musharax end -- Hogaamiyaha xisbiga -- if rtype == 'parliamentary' or rtype == 'legislative' then threeCells('leader') end -- Magaca xisbiga -- threeCells('party', ifblank(rargs.party_label, 'Party'), false, true) -- xisbi, magaca kale, mar walba ha tusin, isticmaal shortname -- Magaca isbahaysiga -- threeCells('alliance', '', false, true) -- isbahaysi, ma jiro cinwaan kale, mar walba ha tusin, isticmaal shortname -- Hordhaca ama madaxweynaha if rtype == 'primary' or rtype == 'presidential' then -- Gobolka hooyo -- threeCells('home_state') -- Kuxigeenka orodka -- if rtype == 'presidential' then threeCells('running_mate') -- Codadka doorashada -- if not ongoing then threeCells('electoral_vote', (rargs.college_voted == 'no' and 'Projected e' or 'E') .. 'lectoral&nbsp;vote') end end -- Tirada ergada -- threeCells('delegate_count', (ongoing and 'Estimated d' or 'D') .. 'elegate&nbsp;count') -- Hordhaca kaliya -- if rtype == 'primary' then -- Tartamada la guuleystay threeCells('states_carried', 'Contests&nbsp;won') -- Madaxweynaha oo aan socon -- elseif not ongoing then -- Gobolada la qaaday -- threeCells('states_carried', 'States&nbsp;carried') end end -- Baarlamaanka ama sharci dejinta -- if rtype == 'parliamentary' or rtype == 'legislative' then -- Hogaamiyaha ilaa -- threeCells('leader_since') -- Kursiga hogaamiyaha -- threeCells('leaders_seat', "Leader's&nbsp;seat") -- Doorashadii ugu dambeysay -- threeCells('last_election') -- Kuraasta ka hor -- threeCells('seats_before', ongoing and 'Current&nbsp;seats' or 'Seats&nbsp;before') -- Socda -- if ongoing then -- Kuraasta loo baahan yahay -- threeCells('seats_needed') -- Aan socon -- else -- Kuraasta la guuleystay -- threeCells('seats', 'Seats&nbsp;won') -- Kuraasta ka dib -- threeCells('seats_after') -- Isbadalka kursiga -- threeCells('seat_change') end end -- Hordhaca ama aan socon -- if not ongoing or rtype == 'primary' then -- Codadka shacabka -- threeCells('popular_vote', (rargs.vote_type or 'Popular') .. '&nbsp;vote') -- Boqolleyda -- threeCells('percentage') -- Wareegii koowaad -- threeCells('first_round') -- Wareegii ugu dambeeyay -- threeCells('final_round') -- Hordhaca ama madaxweynaha -- if rtype == 'primary' or rtype == 'presidential' then -- Degmooyinka la guuleystay -- threeCells('counties_won') -- Heerka 25% ee degmooyinka -- threeCells('counties_threshold', 'Counties&nbsp;with&nbsp;25%&nbsp;vote') end end -- Leexashada -- if (rtype == 'parliamentary' or rtype == 'legislative' or rtype == 'by-election') and not ongoing then threeCells('swing') end -- Goobaha madhan -- for i = 1,6,1 do if notblank(rargs[i .. 'blank']) then threeCells(i ..'data', rargs[i .. 'blank']) end end return table.concat(output, '\n') end p.row = function (frame) return export('_row', frame) end return p qu2bnhxbepbctttx0je67o6e0oeguc0 0 46822 307484 294410 2026-09-08T04:16:50Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307484 wikitext text/x-wiki ​'''Tadashi Yamashina''' (dhashay 8 Maayo 1951<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tokai-rika.co.jp/en/investors/pdf/20190521.pdf|title=Notice of the 72nd Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders|website=www.tokai-rika.co.jp|access-date=9 October 2021|archive-date=8 Bisha Tobnaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008223707/http://www.tokai-rika.co.jp/en/investors/pdf/20190521.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>) waa maamulihii hore ee kooxda [[Toyota Racing (Formula One team)|Toyota Racing]] ee tartanka [[Formula One]], isagoo mas'uul ka ahaa socodsiinta hawlgallada Formula One ee Toyota, ka dib markii uu xilka kala wareegay [[Tsutomu Tomita]] bishii Juun 2007. {{Infobox person | name = Tadashi Yamashina | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|5|8|df=y}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = {{flagicon|JPN}} Jabaaniis | net worth = | other_names = | alma_mater = | occupation = | employer = | predecessor = | successor = | known_for = | spouse = }} == Shaqada == Yamashina wuxuu shaqada ka bilaabay [[Toyota Motor Corporation]] sanadkii 1977, isagoo darajooyinka shirkadda kor uga soo kacay ilaa uu ka noqday maareeyaha guud ee mashruuca qaybta Injineernimada Gaadiidka ee Xarunta Horumarinta Nidaamka iyo Qaybaha shirkadda sanadkii 1998. Ka dib markii uu helay dallacaad dheeraad ah sanadkii 2001, wuxuu noqday Madaxweynaha Xarunta Farsamada ee Toyota ee dalka Maraykanka, ugu dambeyntiina wuxuu noqday Guddoomiye ku xigeenka [[Toyota Motorsport]] sanadkii 2006, isagoo beddelay Tomita oo noqday Maamulaha Kooxda F1 iyo Guddoomiyaha bishii Juun 2007. ​Toyota waxay ka baxday tartanka Formula One dhammaadkii xilli-ciyaareedkii 2009 laakiin Yamashina wuxuu sii ahaa guddoomiyaha [[Toyota Motorsport GmbH]]. ​ ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.toyota-f1.com/public/en/team/tmg/yamashina.html Toyota F1 Team Official Site - biography] {{Wayback|url=http://www.toyota-f1.com/public/en/team/tmg/yamashina.html |date=20081104073717 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104073717/http://www.toyota-f1.com/public/en/team/tmg/yamashina.html |date=2008-11-04 }} *[http://www.toyota-motorsport.com/ Toyota Motorsport GmbH official site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.toyota-motorsport.com/ |date=20100812094952 }} ​{{Toyota F1}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Yamashina, Tadashi}} in96ckr7p72k748rwlsrbnng1sni3kh 0 48211 307482 299966 2026-09-08T03:05:40Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mythical creature|name=Mokele-mbembe (mokèlé-mbèmbé)|image=File:Mokele-mbembe ill artlibre jnl.png|caption=Sawir gacmeedka Mokele-mbembe|Grouping=[[Dinosaur]]|Sub_Grouping=[[Sauropoda]]|First_Attested=1913|Country=[[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]|Region=[[Afrika]]|Habitat=[[Dooxada Kongo|Dooxada]]}} Khuraafaad badan oo [[Khuraafaadka Bantu|Bantu ah]], '''mokele-mbembe''' (oo sidoo kale loo qoro "'''mokèlé-mbèmbé'''") waa xayawaan khuraafaad ah oo biyaha ku nool oo la aaminsan yahay inuu ka jiro [[Dooxada Kongo|Dooxada Wabiga Kongo]]. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu yahay xayawaan gurguurta, ruux, ama xubin ka mid ah qoyska [[Sauropoda|sauropods]] ee dabar-go'ay. Horraantii ilaa bartamihii qarnigii 20-aad, xayawaankan wuxuu noqday bartilmaameedka xubnaha [[cryptozoology]] iyo [[young Earth creationism]], taas oo keentay duullimaadyo badan oo ay hoggaaminayaan cryptozoologists kuwaas oo inta badan ay maalgelinayaan young Earth creationists iyo kooxo kale oo leh ujeeddo ah inay helaan caddayn ka hor imaanaysa ama ka hor imaanaysa is-afgaradka sayniska ee ku saabsan aragtida [[evolution|horumarinta]]. Paleontologist [[Donald Prothero]] wuxuu xusay in "raadinta Mokele-Mbembe ... ay qayb ka tahay dadaalka ay creationists ugu jiraan inay afgembiyaan aragtida horumarinta iyo baridda sayniska si kasta oo suurtagal ah".{{sfnp|Loxton|Prothero|2013|pages=262–295}} Intaa waxaa dheer, Prothero wuxuu xusay in "dadka kaliya ee raadinaya mokele-mbembe ay yihiin wasiirro creationist ah, maaha bayoolajiyeyaasha duurjoogta."{{sfnp|Prothero|2015|pp=233–235}} Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 1940-meeyadii, Roy Mackal, oo ah microbiologist ka socda Jaamacadda Chicago, ayaa sameeyay dhowr duullimaad si uu u helo xayawaanka, marag-furkuna wuxuu ku tilmaamay sidan: "Madaxu wuxuu ahaa mid si cad u eg abeeso, dabo dheer oo dhuuban, iyo jir cabbirkiisu ku dhow yahay maroodiga, ama ugu yaraan kan jeerka. Luguhu waa gaaban yihiin, iyadoo lugaha dambe ay leeyihiin saddex ciddiyood. Xayawaanku waa midab bunni casaan ah, waxayna leeyihiin qallafsanaan u eg diiq oo ka bilaabma madaxa sare ilaa qoorta dhabarka."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-03 |title=Mokele-Mbembe: The "Living Dinosaurs" People Thought Lived In The Congo |url=https://www.iflscience.com/mokele-mbembe-the-living-dinosaurs-people-thought-lived-in-the-congo-70121 |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=IFLScience |language=en |first1=Rachael |last1=Funnell}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jiro wax duullimaad ah oo helay caddayn xayawaanka ah marka laga reebo marag-furka dadka goobjoogga ahaa. Khubarada ugu badan ee sayniska waxay aaminsan yihiin in mokele-mbembe, sida ay soo weriyeen dadka reer Kongo, laga yaabo in uu dhiirigeliyay [[wiyil madaw]], kaas oo mar ka barwaaqoobay gobolka. Taariikhyahan Edward Guimont wuxuu ku dooday in khuraafaadka mokele-mbembe uu ka soo jeedo sheegashooyin [[Taariikh-xumo|pseudohistorical]] hore oo ku saabsan [[Zimbabwe-da Weyn]], taas oo iyaduna saameysay [[aragtiyaha shirqoolka gurguurta|aragtiyaha shirqoolka gurguurta]] ee dambe.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Guimont|first1=Edward|title=Hunting Dinosaurs in Central Africa|url=https://contingentmag.org/2019/03/18/hunting-dinosaurs-africa/ |website=Contingent Magazine|access-date=9 August 2020 |language=en |date=18 March 2019}}</ref> Waxa kale oo loo malaynayaa inuu yahay xayawaan "bar maroodi, bar masduulaagii" sida ay sheegeen warbixino kala duwan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-07 |title=Expédition sur les traces du mystérieux Mokélé Mbembé, le dernier dragon d’Afrique - Edition du soir Ouest-France - 07/10/2021 |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/leditiondusoir/2021-10-07/expedition-sur-les-traces-du-mysterieux-mokele-mbembe-le-dernier-dragon-dafrique-e221d239-bf18-4d89-8d56-59406930c4e3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120145149/https://www.ouest-france.fr/leditiondusoir/2021-10-07/expedition-sur-les-traces-du-mysterieux-mokele-mbembe-le-dernier-dragon-dafrique-e221d239-bf18-4d89-8d56-59406930c4e3 |archive-date=20 November 2023 |access-date=2026-04-03 |work=Ouest-France.fr |language=fr-FR |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==Taariikh== ===Qarnigii 20-aad=== Ilaha:<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mokele Mbembe And Expeditions To Africa |url=http://thedailyjournalist.com/the-historian/history-of-mokele-mbembe-and-expeditions-to-africa/ |website=The Daily Journalist |date=29 March 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Warbixintii ugu horreysay ee mokele-mbembe waxay ka timid Kaptan-kii Jarmalka {{Interlanguage link|Ludwig Freiherr von Stein zu Lausnitz|de}}, sida uu ku sifeeyay [[Willy Ley]] buugga ''The Lungfish and the Unicorn'' (1941). Von Stein waxaa lagu amray inuu sameeyo sahamin ku saabsan [[Liiska gumeysigii hore ee Jarmalka|gumeysigii hore ee Jarmalka]] waxa hadda ah [[Kameruun]] 1913. Wuxuu maqlay sheekooyin ku saabsan xamaarato weyn oo loo yaqaan "Mokele-mbembe" oo la sheegay inay ku nool yihiin kaymaha, wuxuuna ku daray sharraxaad warbixintiisa rasmiga ah. Sida uu sheegay Ley, "von Stein wuxuu warbixintiisa u qoray si taxadar leh," isagoo ogaa in laga yaabo in loo arko wax aan la rumaysan karin.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ley |first=Willy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MwpHAAAAYAAJ |title=The Lungfish and the Unicorn |year=1941 |pages=138–139 |publisher=Modern age books}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, von Stein wuxuu u maleeyay in sheekooyinku ay yihiin kuwo la aamini karo: hageyaal maxalli ah oo la aamini karo ayaa u sheegay sheekooyinka, sheekooyinkana waxaa u sheegay ilo madax-bannaan, laakiin waxay ka muuqdeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah faahfaahinta isku midka ah. Inkasta oo warbixintii von Stein aan waligeed si rasmi ah loo daabicin, Ley wuxuu soo xigtay von Stein isagoo qoraya: <blockquote>Xayawaanka waxaa la sheegaa inuu yahay midab bunni-cawlan oo leh maqaar siman, cabbirkiisu wuxuu ku dhow yahay kan [[maroodiga]]; ugu yaraan kan [[jeerka]]. Waxaa la sheegaa inuu leeyahay qoorta dheer oo aad u dabacsan iyo hal il keliya laakiin mid aad u dheer; ''qaar waxay yiraahdaan waa gees''. Qaar yar ayaa ka hadlay dabo dheer, oo muruq leh sida tan [[alligator]]. Doomaha u dhowaanaya waxaa la sheegaa inay doomay yihiin; xayawaanka waxaa la sheegaa inuu weeraro maraakiibta markiiba oo uu dilo shaqaalaha laakiin isagoon cunin meydadka. Xayawaanka waxaa la sheegaa inuu ku nool yahay godad ay wabiga ka maydheen dhoobada xeebaha meelaha qaloocsan. Waxaa la sheegaa inuu fuulo xeebaha xitaa maalintii raadinta cunnada; cuntadiisa waxaa la sheegaa inay tahay gebi ahaanba khudrad. Habkan ayaa ka hor imaanaya sharraxaadda suurtagalka ah ee khuraafaad ahaan. Warshadda la doorbiday ayaa la i tusay, waa nooc ka mid ah [[liana]] oo leh ubaxyo waaweyn oo cad, oo leh [[sap]] caano leh iyo [[tufaax]]-oo kale midho. Wabiga Ssombo waxaa la i tusay waddo la sheegay inay samaysay xayawaankani si uu u helo cunnadiisa. Waddadu waxay ahayd mid cusub waxaana u dhowaa dhir nooca la tilmaamay. Laakiin maadaama ay jireen raadad aad u badan oo maroodi, jeer, iyo naasley kale oo waaweyn, waxay ahayd wax aan macquul ahayn in la ogaado raad gaar ah oo leh wax kasta oo hubaal ah.</blockquote> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida uu sheegay [[Brian Dunning]], buug Jarmal ah oo 1929 oo uu qoray qoraaga sayniska Wilhelm Bölsche oo lagu magacaabo ''Dragons: Legend and Science'', Bölsche wuxuu qoray in von Stein uu si cad u rumaysnaa in xayawaanka la tilmaamay uusan ahayn xayawaan dhab ah, laakiin taa beddelkeeda aanu ahayn wax aan ka ahayn khuraafaadka maxalliga ah.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dunning |first1=Brian |title=Hunting the Mokele-Mbembe |url=https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4727 |website=skeptoid.com |publisher=Skeptoid Media, Inc. |access-date=21 July 2023 |date=12 May 2020}}</ref> Sida uu sheegay reer Jarmal adventurer Lt. Paul Gratz oo ka hadlayay 1911:<blockquote>Yaxaaska waxaa laga helaa oo kaliya muunado aad u go'doonsan oo ku yaalla [[Harada Bangweulu]], marka laga reebo afka wabiyada waaweyn ee waqooyiga. Dhiiqada dhexdeeda waxaa ku nool ''nsanga'', oo dadka waddaniga ah ay aad uga cabsadaan, [[saurian]] xumaaday oo qofku si fiican u wareeri karo yaxaaska haddii aysan ahayn in maqaarkiisu uusan lahayn qolof iyo suulashiisa ay hubaysan yihiin ciddiyaha. Kuma guulaysan inaan toogto ''nsanga'', laakiin jasiiradda Mbawala waxaan ku helay xoogaa strips oo maqaarkiisa ah.<ref>{{cite book | last=Ley | first=Willy |title=Exotic Zoology| url=https://archive.org/details/exoticzoology00leyw?q=Exotic+Zoology|year=1959|page=70| publisher=New York, Viking Press }}</ref></blockquote> Sheekooyinka xayawaanka sida mokele-mbembe, saurian-ka nool ama xayawaannada waaweyn ee aan la aqoon ee saynis ahaan ku socda kaynta roobka ee Afrika, maaha kuwo naadir ah; waxaa jiray sheekooyin badan oo ah quadrupeds waaweyn oo maqaar siman leh oo leh qoorta dheer oo ku quudiya ugaarsiga waaweyn ee weli ku nool bartamaha Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guimont|first=Edward|date=2019-03-18|title=Hunting Dinosaurs in Central Africa|url=https://contingentmagazine.org/2019/03/18/hunting-dinosaurs-africa/|access-date=2021-07-07|website=CONTINGENT|language=en-US}}</ref> Kaliya ka dib markii sharraxaadda mokele-mbembe ay soo baxday ayay adduunka intiisa kale bilaabeen inay u tarjumaan halyeeyadaas inay leeyihiin qaab dhismeedka jirka oo u eg dinosaur. Tusaale caan ah wuxuu noqon lahaa emela-ntouka, xayawaan maroodi-cabbir ah oo wadaaga waxyaabo badan oo la mid ah mokele-mbembe. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inuu leeyahay maqaar siman, dabo xoog leh oo muruq leh, iyo "gees" ama "il".<ref>{{Cite book|last=MacKal|first=Roy P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdQUAAAAIAAJ&dq=Roy+P.+Mackal+%281987%29.+A+Living+Dinosaur%3F+In+Search+of+Mokele-Mbembe.+New+York%3A+E.J.+Brill.&pg=PR3|title=A Living Dinosaur?: In Search of Mokele-Mbembe|date=1987|publisher=Brill Archive|isbn=978-90-04-08543-5|language=en}}</ref> Xayawaan kale oo la mid ah, ''jago-nini'', waxaa ku sifeeyay [[Trader Horn|Alfred Aloysius Smith]], oo u shaqayn jiray shirkad ganacsi oo Ingiriis ah waxa hadda ah [[Gaboon]] dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, kaas oo si kooban u sheegay buuggiisa xusuus-qorka ee 1927.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Horn|first1=Trader|url=https://archive.org/details/traderhornbeingl00horn|title=Trader Horn : being the life and works of Alfred Aloysius Horn|last2=Lewis|first2=Ethelreda|date=1927|publisher=New York : Simon and Schuster|others=Internet Archive}}</ref> [[Image:Pasta-Brontosaurus.jpg|thumb|Dib-u-soo-celinta 1897 ee ''[[Brontosaurus]]'' ee quusa [[Charles R. Knight]]; sawirada sida tan oo kale ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay saameeyeen khuraafaadka]] Warbixinnada xayawaannada lagu sifeeyay inay yihiin dinosaur-u-eg Afrika waxay keentay dareen yar oo ka mid ah [[warbaahinta tirada badan]], wargeysyada Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika waxay daabaceen maqaallo badan oo mawduucan ku saabsan horraantii 1910-meeyadii; qaar baa warbixinnada u qaatay qiimaha wejiga, halka kuwa kalena ay ahaayeen kuwo shakisan. Waxaa xusid mudan in Yurubta Galbeed iyo Ameerika ay ku jireen xiisaha dhaqanka pop ee ku saabsan dinosaurs, kaas oo [[Brontosaurus]] uu ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan. Isbeddelkan dhaqameed wuxuu gacan ka geysan karaa labadaba warbixinnada iyo sidoo kale u janjeersiga wargeysyada inay sheegaan in xayawaanka la soo sheegay uu ahaa [[sauropod]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Naish |first1=Darren |title=Misreading the Mokele-Mbembe (the Mokele-Mbembe, Part 1) |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/misreading-the-mokele-mbembe-the-mokele-mbembe-part-1/ |website=Scientific American Blog Network |language=en |date=8 June 2018}}</ref> Duullimaadyo dhowr ah, oo leh kalsooni saynis oo kala duwan, ayaa la sameeyay qarnigii 20-aad si loo raadiyo mokele-mbembe ama loo waraysto dadka sheegtay marag-furka. 1980 iyo mar kale 1981, sahamiyaha Henry Powell iyo bayoolaji [[Roy Mackal]] waxay booqdeen gobolka Kongo waxayna waraysteen dadka deggan. Ma aysan helin wax caddayn jireed ah, laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee waxay ku doodeen in bayaannada joogtada ah ee ka imanaya dadka sheegtay marag-furka ay u muuqdaan inay taageerayaan jiritaanka xayawaanka. Mackal wuxuu daabacay buug 1987 oo faahfaahinaya duullimaadyadiisa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mackal |first1=Roy P. |author1-link=Roy Mackal |title=A living dinosaur? In search of Mokele-Mbembe |date=1987 |publisher=E. J. Brill |location=New York |isbn=90-04-08543-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kOT7EAAAQBAJ}}</ref> Mackal wuxuu qirtay in baaritaankiisu uu ahaa "mid ay ku jirtay xoogaa jacayl ah", laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu ku adkeystay inuu lahaa ujeedo saynis oo dhab ah.<ref>{{cite book |title=American men & women of science : a biographical directory of today's leaders in physical, biological, and related sciences |date=2003 |publisher=Gale Group |location=Detroit |isbn=9780787665289 |pages=85 |edition=21. |url=https://archive.org/details/americanmenwomen0005unse_y9l0/page/n7/mode/2up|volume=5}}</ref> Prothero wuxuu ku doodayaa in duullimaadkii Powell-Mackall ay ku dhawaad keligood caan ka dhigeen fikradda casriga ah ee mokele-mbembe ee dadka reer Galbeedka, haddana waxay ahayd mid si xun u khaldan. Tababarka Mackal wuxuu ahaa virology, kaas oo laga yaabo inuusan u qalmin inuu raadiyo xayawaan weyn oo qalaad; Mackalna wuxuu u muuqday mid aan si dhab ah u aqbalin bayaannada marag-furka iyada oo aan laga fiirsan suurtagalnimada in dadku been sheegaan ama ay buunbuuniyaan si ay u helaan faa'iido maaliyadeed, dareen, ama inay ku raaxaystaan booqdayaasha Maraykanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, Mackal wuxuu iska fogeeyay Afrikaan "diiday aqoonta mokele-mbeme" ama kuwa ku dooday in xayawaanku uusan jirin.{{sfnp|Loxton|Prothero|2013}} 1981, sahamiyaha Herman Regusters iyo kooxdiisa duullimaadka waxay u safreen Harada Tele, halkaas oo Regusters uu ku dooday inuu sawir ka qaaday dinosaurka iyo sidoo kale uu duubay codkiisa. Roy Mackal wuxuu ka shakisanaa Regusters iyo kooxdiisa.<ref>{{cite web | title=An aerospace engineer claimed Tuesday he and his wife... - UPI Archives | url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/12/22/An-aerospace-engineer-claimed-Tuesday-he-and-his-wife/5155377845200/ }}</ref> Soolaji Marcellin Agnagna wuxuu sheegay inuu filim ka qaaday mokele-mbeme 1983 laakiin filimku si fiican uma horumarin. Prothero wuxuu ku sifeeyay sheekada inay tahay "mid shaki leh", isagoo xusay in faahfaahinta muhiimka ah ee xisaabta Agnagna ay isbeddeleen mana jiro wax lagu taageeray markhaatiyaal kale. Sahamiyaha reer Scotland William "Billy" Gibbons wuxuu hoggaamiyay laba duullimaad 1985 iyo 1992, in kasta oo Prothero uu su'aal ka keenay ujeedooyinkiisa creationist ahaan wuxuuna Gibbons ku sifeeyay inuusan xitaa raacin mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah ee sayniska.{{sfnp|Loxton|Prothero|2013|page=284}} Suxufi [[Rory Nugent]] buugiisa ''Drums Along The Congo: On The Trail Of Mokele-Mbembe, the Last Living Dinosaur'' waxaa daabacay 1993 Houghton Mifflin. Buugga Nugent waxaa ku jiray sawir uu ku dooday inuu suurtagal yahay mokele-mbembe, laakiin kaas oo Prothero ku dooday inuu u badnaa log sabaynaya.{{sfnp|Loxton|Prothero|2013|page=284}} ===Qarnigii 21-aad=== 2001, BBC's [[Congo (BBC TV series)|''Congo'']], oo ah barnaamij dukumenti telefishan ah oo ku saabsan taariikhda dabiiciga ah ee gobolka, waxaa ka mid ahaa waraysi lala yeeshay dadka [[Aka (qowmiyad)|Biaka]] kuwaas oo ku tilmaamay mokele-mbembe inay tahay [[wiyil]] markii ay eegayeen buugga lagu sawiray duurjoogta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0074mrf|title=Spirits of the Forest – min 45:00|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, midkoodna noocyada wiyisha Afrika kuma badan Dooxada Kongo, markaa mokele-mbembe waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay isku-dhafka [[khuraafaadka]] iyo [[xusuusta dadweynaha]] wakhti wiyisha laga helay gobolka. 2016, koox dukumenti safar oo ka socota [[Koonfur Afrika]] ayaa samaysay dukumenti ku saabsan raadinta mokele-mbembe, kuwaas oo ay markii dambe u iibiyeen Discovery Africa.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cowen |first1=Nick |title=Backpacking into the Unknown |url=https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/lifestyle-travel/1994625/backpacking-into-the-unknown/ |website=The Citizen |date=24 August 2018 |access-date=4 October 2019 |ref=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |date=7 August 2018 |title=New on TV Today: Tuesday 7 August |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/user/blogs/viewblogpost.aspx?blogpostid=49777 |access-date=4 October 2019 |website=TVSA |language=en-ZA |ref=11}}</ref> Kooxdu waxay ku qaadatay qiyaastii afar toddobaad gobolka [[Likouala Department|Likuoala]] ee qoyan iyagoo booqday tuulooyin kala duwan oo Aka (pygmy) ah, iyagoo ururinaya sheekooyin ku saabsan jiritaanka xayawaanka. Waxay tilmaameen dhibaatada u dhaxaysa kala duwanaanshaha mokele-mbembe ee jiritaanka metaphysical iyo jireed. Intii ay waraysanayeen dad rumaysnaa jiritaankiisa, kuwa kale waxay sheegeen inuu dhintay ugu yaraan toban sano ka hor.<ref>{{cite web |last1=hitched |first1=Congo |title=hitched.congo Webseries |url=https://www.hitchedseries.co.za/ |website=hitched series |publisher=Tomfoolery TV |access-date=4 October 2019 |ref=15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016213407/https://www.hitchedseries.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2018, [[Lensgreve]] ee [[Knuthenborg]], Adam Christoffer Knuth, oo ay weheliyaan koox filim laga soo bilaabo [[Raadiyaha Denmark]] iyo saynisyahan DNA ah, waxay u safray [[Harada Tele]] ee Kongo, iyagoo raadinaya mokele-mbembe. Ma aysan helin cryptid-ka; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay heleen nooc cusub oo [[algae cagaaran]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Almbjerg |first1=Sarah Iben |title=Uimodståelig Dino-jagt på DR2 |url=https://www.berlingske.dk/kultur/uimodstaaelig-dino-jagt-paa-dr2 |website=Berlingske |access-date=2 December 2018 |language=da |date=28 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Madsen |first1=Fie West |title=Lensgreve Christoffer Knuth har brugt kæmpe summer på vild dinosaur-jagt: 'Vi fandt noget, som ingen har set før' |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-tv-og-streaming/lensgreve-christoffer-knuth-har-brugt-kaempe-summer-paa-vild-dinosaur |website=BT.dk |publisher=Berlingske Media A/S |access-date=2 December 2018 |language=da |date=28 November 2018}}</ref> ==Aragtiyaha== La'aanta caddaynta jireed iyo marag-furka is-khilaafsan ayaa ka dhigay jiritaanka xayawaanka mid shaki ku jira inta badan saynisyahannada iyo taariikhyahannada.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-12-28|title=The hunt for Mokele-mbembe: Congo's Loch Ness Monster|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16306902|access-date=2021-07-07|last1=Hebblethwaite|first1=Cordelia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Naish|first=Darren|title=Hunting Monsters: Cryptozoology and the Reality Behind the Myths|date=2016-01-06|isbn=978-1-78428-191-5|publisher=Arcturus Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mN2oCwAAQBAJ}}</ref> Sharraxaadda ugu macquulsan iyo tan la isku raacsan yahay waa in mokele-mbembe ay tahay halyeey ku salaysan [[wiyil madaw]], nooc mar ka barwaaqoobay bartamaha Afrika, halkaas oo sheekooyinka mokele-mbembe ay ka soo jeedeen. Sida uu sheegay [[saynisyahan shakisan]] [[Ben Radford]], asalka xayawaanka waxaa laga raadin karaa buug 1909 oo uu qoray saynisyahanka xayawaanka [[Carl Hagenbeck]] oo lagu magacaabo ''Beasts and Men''. Iyada oo ku saleysan lafaha dinosaurka ee dhawaan la helay, Hagenbeck wuxuu qiyaasay in sauropods laga yaabo inay weli ku nool yihiin Afrika. In kasta oo uusan soo bandhigin caddayn kale oo aan ahayn khuraafaadka, sheegashooyinka waxaa faafiyay saxaafadda, oo ay ku jirto ''[[The Washington Post]]''. [[Daniel Loxton]] iyo [[Donald Prothero]] waxay ku doodeen inay "bilaabeen waxa noqon doona halyeeyga cryptozoological ee casriga ah ee mokele-mbembe". Waxay ku soo gabagabeeyeen in warbixinnada ku saabsan xayawaanka uusan ahayn natiijada caddayn adag ama xisaab-celin dhab ah oo qof ugu horreeya oo dadka maxalliga ah ay kula kulmeen xayawaanka, laakiin taa beddelkeeda "distillation" oo ah sheekooyin badan oo si hal-abuur leh u kala duwan oo ka imanaya gobollo aad u kala fog.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Radford |first1=Benjamin |title=Mokele-Mbembe: The Search for a Living Dinosaur |url=https://www.livescience.com/38871-mokele-mbembe.html |website=livescience.com |date=13 August 2013 |publisher=Future US Inc |access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> Maqnaanshaha caddaynta taageeraya jiritaanka xayawaanka, inkastoo dhowr qarni oo xiriir reer Galbeed ah ay la yeesheen gobolka, duullimaadyo badan oo raadinaya xayawaanka, iyo ilaalinta hawada iyo dayax-gacmeedka ee xilliyada qaarkood, kuwaas oo dhammaantood ogaaday maroodiyaasha iyo xayawaanno kale oo waaweyn - laakiin ma jiro sauropods - dhammaantood waxay u adeegaan inay ka doodaan jiritaanka mokele-mbembe. Buuggiisa ''Beasts and Men'' (1909), Carl Hagenbeck wuxuu halyeeyga ku xiray xanta "bar maroodi, bar masduulaagii".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gold |first=Simon |date=2024-07-08 |title=The Legend of Mokele-Mbembe: Africa’s Hidden Dinosaur |url=https://www.discoveryuk.com/mysteries/the-legend-of-mokele-mbembe-africas-hidden-dinosaur/ |access-date=2026-04-03 |website=Discovery UK |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Hagenbeck |first=Carl |title=Beasts and Men |year=1909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-13 |title=Episode 002: The Mokele Mbembe and the Coelacanth {{!}} Strange Animals Podcast |url=https://strangeanimalspodcast.blubrry.net/2017/02/13/episode-002-the-mokele-mbembe-and-the-coelacanth/ |access-date=2026-04-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dhaqanka caanka ah == * Khad aan faa'iido lahayn oo ka mid ah [[furitaanka chess-ka]] [[Alekhine's Defence]] waxaa loogu magac daray xayawaanka: "mokele-mbembe variation".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Watson |first1=John L. |last2=Schiller |first2=Eric |title=The big book of busts |date=1995 |publisher=Hypermodern Press |location=San Francisco |isbn=9781886040137 |pages=120 & 121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFP4AAAACAAJ}}</ref> * Mokele-mbembe waxaa lagu soo bandhigay ''[[The Secret Files of the Spy Dogs]]'' qaybta "Earnest." Waa ka mid ah xayawaannada ay qabteen Earnest Anyway. * Filimkii 1985 ''[[Baby: Secret of the Lost Legend]]'', xanta ku saabsan aragtida mokele-mbembe waxay u horseedaysaa jilayaasha ugu waaweyn qoys ka tirsan sauropods nool. * 1989 [[The Punisher]]/[[Wolverine (qof)|Wolverine]] ''African Saga'' (''On the Track of Unknown Animals''/''Endangered Species'', ''[[The Punisher War Journal]]'' #6-#7) by [[Carl Potts]] iyo [[Jim Lee]], labada superhero ee la soo sheegay waxay joojiyeen koox ugaarsato ah oo isku dayay inay ugaarsadaan mokele-mbembe. * Ciyaartii fiidiyowga ee 1994 ''[[Uncharted Waters: New Horizons]]'', mokele-mbembe waxaa laga heli karaa Wabiga Kongo. * Ciyaartii fiidiyowga ee 2010 ''[[Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker]]'', Mokele-mbembe waa mid ka mid ah cryptids-ka la sheegay inay yihiin dinosaurs oo uu Chico u sheego Big Boss. * Maajo 2013 kooxda muusikada tijaabada ah ee Norway [[Sturle Dagsland]] waxay sii daayeen hees cinwaankeedu yahay "mokele-mbembe". * [[Roland Smith]] buugga ''[[Cryptid Hunters]]'' wuxuu ku wareegsan yahay raadinta mokele-mbembe iyo soo kabashada guulaysata ee laba ka mid ah ukumahooda (kaliya shaybaarka dadka waaweyn ee la yaqaan oo dhintay ka hor) oo ka yimid kaymaha Kongo. * Mokele-mbembe waa mid ka mid ah lix cryptids ah oo ay raadinayaan majaajilayste iyo suxufi [[Dom Joly]] buuggiisa safarka ''Scary Monsters and Super Creeps''. * Fannaanka Maraykanka [[David Choe]] wuxuu ku sheegay qayb ka mid ah ''[[The Joe Rogan Experience]]'' inuu dhallinyaro ahaan ugu safray Kongo isagoo raadinaya mokele-mbembe ka dib markii uu ka akhriyay majalad markii uu ku noolaa Israel. * Caalamka ''[[World of Darkness#Classic World of Darkness (cWoD)|World of Darkness]]'' ee [[White Wolf Publishing]], Mokole waa taranka gurguurta kuwaas oo u adeega sidii "xusuusta" [[Gaia]]. * Filimka 2019 ''[[Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019 film)|Godzilla: King of the Monsters]]'' wuxuu sheegayaa Titan la magacaabay Mokele-mbembe, in kasta oo aan lagu arkin filimka. Laakiin sawirka xayawaanka waxaa lagu arkay qashinka iyo qashinka ku jira Outpost 75 [[Jebel Barkal|Jebel Barkal, Sudan]] halka uu ka kaco oo uu baxsado ka dib markii uu toosay [[King Ghidorah]] oo ay la socdaan 17-ka kale ee titans. Xayawaanka waxaa si weyn loogu soo bandhigay buugga filimka. * [[SCP Foundation]], mokele-mbembe waa waxa tuulo ka mid ah dadka Mbochi ay ugu yeeraan shaybaarka SCP-1265, gaar ahaan [[Camarasaurus]]. Waxay kaloo sheegaan [[mbielu-mbielu-mbielu]] inay sidoo kale qayb ka yihiin SCP-1265, iyadoo ay tahay [[Kentrosaurus]]. * Buugga ''[[Mortal Engines]]'', Captain Khora markabkiisa hawada waxaa loo magacaabay Mokele Mbembe. * Xilligii labaad ee ''[[Goblin Slayer]]'' anime, adventure-ku waxay la kulmaan xayawaan weyn oo loo yaqaan "Mokele Mubenbe", xayawaan weyn oo u eg sauropod oo leh kiristaalo guduudan oo ka soo baxaya haraggiisa. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Altamaha-ha]] * [[Mušḫuššu]] * [[Cryptid]] * [[Wada-noolaanshaha aadanaha iyo dinosaurka]] * [[Dinosaur nool (disambiguation)|Dinosaur nool]] * [[Loch Ness Monster]] * [[Lariosauro]] * [[Nahuelito]] * [[Mbielu-mbielu-mbielu]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Bibliography iyo akhris dheeraad ah== * {{cite book|last1=Loxton |first1=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Loxton |last2=Prothero |first2=Donald R. |author-link2=Donald R. Prothero |title=Abominable Science: Origins of the Yeti, Nessie, and other Famous Cryptids|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kTsgAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA290 |year=2013 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-52681-4}} * {{cite book|last=Prothero|first=Donald R.|title=The Story of Life in 25 Fossils: Tales of Intrepid Fossil Hunters and the Wonders of Evolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjkjBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA234|year=2015|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-53942-5}} * {{Skeptoid | id= 4727| number= 727| title= Hunting the Mokele-Mbembe| date=12 May 2020 }} duik9ipvkzzfvblpwumbb9niy17n60h 0 48213 307486 299970 2026-09-08T04:43:50Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Cunene | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Webiga Kunene | image = Řeka Kunene River, vodopády Epupa Falls - Namibie, Angola - panoramio.jpg | image_caption = Webiga Cunene (Kunene) oo u dhow [[Biyo-dhaca Epupa]] | map = Cunene-River-Angola.png | map_caption = Koorsada Webiga Kunene (Cunene), qaybo ka mid ah [[Angola]] oo lagu muujiyay buluug | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] iyo [[Namibiya]] | source1 = | source1_location = Angolan Highlands | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth =[[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates ={{coord|17|15|09|S|11|45|05|E|type:river_region:AO|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = [[Biyo-dhaca Epupa]], [[Biyo-dhaca Ruacana]] | ports = | length = {{convert|1,050|km|mi|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|106,560|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ilaa {{cvt|108,943|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|title=South West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_avg =(Muddadii: 1971–2000){{cvt|221.7|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="South West Coast"/> {{Convert|174|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} }} '''Cunene''' (higaadda Bortuqiiska) ama '''Kunene''' (higaadda caadiga ah ee [[Namibiya]]){{efn|Ku-dhawaaqid: {{IPAc-en|UKlang|k|juː|ˈ|n|eɪ|n|ə}} {{respell|kew|NAY|nə}}, {{IPAc-en|USlang|k|uː|ˈ|-}} {{respell|koo|-}}.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Cunene|access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190530134220/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Cunene "Cunene"] (US) iyo {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Cunene |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182735/https://www.lexico.com/definition/cunene |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Cunene |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Cunene |date=20200322182735 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Cunene|access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref>}} waa [[wabi]] ku yaal [[Afrikata Koonfureed]]. Wuxuu ka qulqulaa buuraleyda [[Angola]] dhanka koonfureed ilaa xadka Namibia. Ka dib wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka galbeed iyadoo ay barbar socoto xadka ilaa uu ka gaaro [[Badweynta Atlaantik]]. == Juqraafi == Mid ka mid ah [[durdurka joogtada ah]] ee yar ee gobolka, Cunene waa qiyaastii {{convert|1,050|km|mi|abbr=on}} dherer, oo leh [[barkadda biyaha]] {{convert|106,560|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ee bedka. [[Discharge (hydrology)|Qulqulka]] celceliska sanadlaha ah waa {{cvt|174|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} ilaa {{cvt|222|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} afkiisa.{{sfn|Nakayama|2003|page=9}}<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|title=South West Coast}}</ref> [[Biyo-dhaca Epupa]] ayaa ku yaal wabiga. [[Biyo-xireenka Olushandja]] ayaa xanniba wabi laan u ah wabiga, Etaka, wuxuuna gacan ka geystaa siinta [[Xarunta Korontada ee Ruacana]] biyo. Durdurka ugu weyn wuxuu ka kaco 12° 30′ S. iyo qiyaastii 160 mayl oo xariiq toos ah oo ka timaada badda at [[Benguela|Benguella]], wuxuuna guud ahaan ka ordaa waqooyi ilaa koonfur iyada oo loo marayo afar darajo oo latitude ah, laakiin ugu dambeyntii wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeedka badda iyada oo loo marayo nasasho ku taal [[Highland|buuraleyda]] dibadda.<ref name=":0">{{EB1911|wstitle=Kunene|inline=yes|volume=15|page=946–947}}</ref> Inta u dhaxaysa afka labadiisa [[Tributary|wabi laan]], Cunene wuxuu maraa bannaanka dhiiqada leh, oo ay biyo qariyaan inta lagu jiro biyaha sare, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr harooyin yaryar wakhtiyada kale ee sanadka. Gobolkan dhiiqada leh laamaha kala duwan ayaa orda S.E. Waxay inta badan yihiin kuwo goos-goos ah, laakiin Kwamatuo, oo ka taga durdurka ugu weyn qiyaastii 15° 8′ E., 17° 15′ S., wuxuu ku qulqulaa dhiiqo weyn ama haro loo yaqaan [[Etosha]], oo ku taal niyadjabka gudaha ee miiska-dhulka qiyaastii 3400 ft ka sarreysa heerka badda. Laga soo bilaabo S.E. dhamaadka harada Etosha durdurrada ayaa soo saara jihada [[Webiga Okavango|Okavango]], kaas oo ay mararka qaar fatahaad weyn ay ku daraan biyo yar.<ref name=":0" /> Markuu ka tago gobolka dhiiqada leh Cunene wuxuu si go'aan ah ugu leexdaa galbeedka, wuxuuna u degaa bannaanka xeebta iyada oo ay jiraan tiro cataracts ah, kuwaas oo madaxa (17° 25′ S., 14° 20′ E.) uu leeyahay biyo-dhac dhan 330 ft. Wabigu wuxuu noqdaa mid mugga yar marka uu marayo gobol ku dhow lamadegaan oo leh dhir yar ama aan lahayn. Durdurku mararka qaarkood waa mid qoto dheer oo la mari karo, wakhtiyo kale waxaa ku xaddidan kanaal dhagax ah oo cidhiidhi ah. Meel u dhow badda Cunene wuxuu maraa gobolka sand-hills, afkiisa si buuxda ayaa loogu xannibay biyaha hoose. Wabigu wuxuu galaa [[Badweynta Atlaantik|Atlantic]] 17° 18′ S., 11° 40′ E. Waxaa jira calaamado muujinaya in laan hore oo wabiga ka mid ah uu mar bay ku soo galay gacanka dhanka koonfureed.<ref name=":0" /> == Khilaafaadka biya-xireenka == Dowladda Namibia ayaa soo jeedisay dabayaaqadii 1990-meeyadii inay dhisato Biyo-xireenka Epupa, oo ah biya-xireen koronto-biyood oo muran dhaliyay oo ku yaal Cunene. Sannadkii 2012 Dowladaha Namibia iyo Angola waxay ku dhawaaqeen qorshayaal ay si wadajir ah ugu dhisi lahaayeen biya-xireenka Orokawe ee [[Buuraha Baynes]]. Sida ay sheegeen [[dadka Himba|Himba]] ee asaliga ah oo ay saameyn weyn ku yeelan lahayd dhismaha biya-xireenka, biya-xireenka wuxuu khatar gelin lahaa nidaamka deegaanka ee maxalliga ah sidaas darteedna saldhigga dhaqaale ee Himba. Bishii Febraayo 2012, madaxda dhaqanka Himba waxay soo saareen caddayn ku socota [[Midowga Afrika]] iyo [[Golaha Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Qaramada Midoobay]] ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]], oo cinwaankeedu yahay "Caddaynta Ovahimba, Ovatwa, Ovatjimba iyo Ovazemba ee inta badan ay saameeyeen ka dhanka ah Biyo-xireenka Orokawe ee Buuraha Baynes," kaas oo qeexaya diidmada daran ee ka dhanka ah biya-xireenka ee ka imanaya madaxda dhaqanka Himba iyo bulshooyinka ku nool agagaarka Webiga Kunene.<ref name="Galdu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.galdu.org/web/index.php?odas=5638&giella1=eng|title=Indigenous Himba Appeal to UN to Fight Namibian Dam|publisher=galdu.org|access-date=April 6, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017232022/http://www.galdu.org/web/index.php?odas=5638&giella1=eng|archive-date=October 17, 2013}}</ref><ref name="newsodrome">{{Cite web|url=http://newsodrome.com/native_american_news/namibian-minority-groups-demand-their-rights-29917361|title=Namibian Minority Groups Demand Their Rights|publisher=newsodrome.com|access-date=April 6, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017135555/http://newsodrome.com/native_american_news/namibian-minority-groups-demand-their-rights-29917361|archive-date=October 17, 2013}}</ref><ref name="ep1061">{{Cite web|url=http://earthpeoples.org/blog/?p=1061 |title=Declaration of the most affected Ovahimba, Ovatwa, Ovatjimba and Ovazemba against the Orokawe Dam in the Baynes Mountains|publisher=earthpeoples.org|access-date=April 6, 2012}}</ref> Sebtembar 2012, [[Wakiilka gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay]] ee Xuquuqda [[Dadka Asaliga ah]] wuxuu booqday Himba, wuxuuna maqlay welwelkooda. Noofambar 23, 2012, boqolaal Himba iyo Zemba ah oo ka socda gobolka Omuhonga iyo Epupa ayaa mudaaharaad ka sameeyay Okanguati iyaga oo ka soo horjeeda qorshayaasha Namibia ee dhisidda biya-xireen Webiga Kunene ee Buuraha Baynes, iyaga oo ka soo horjeeda hawlgallada macdanta ee sii kordhaya ee dhulkooda dhaqameed iyo xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha ee ka dhanka ah iyaga.<ref name="Rebecca Sommer">{{Cite web|url=http://earthpeoples.org/blog/?p=2910=eng|title=Namibia: Indigenous semi-nomadic Himba and Zemba march in protest against dam, mining and human rights violations|publisher=earthpeoples.org|access-date=November 24, 2012|archive-date=March 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310002526/http://earthpeoples.org/blog/?p=2910=eng|url-status=dead}}</ref> Maarso 25, 2013, in ka badan kun Himba iyo Zemba ah ayaa ku socday [[Opuwo]]<ref name="Earth Peoples">{{Cite web|url=http://earthpeoples.org/blog/?p=4151|title=German GIZ directly engaged with dispossessing indigenous peoples of their lands and territories in Namibia|publisher=earthpeoples.org|access-date=March 30, 2013}}</ref> si ay mar kale uga mudaaharaadaan qorshayaasha Namibia ee dhisidda biya-xireenka Orokawe ee Webiga Cunene iyada oo aan lagala tashan dadka asaliga ah ee aan ogolaan qorshayaasha dhismaha.<ref name="The Namibian">{{Cite web|url=http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2013/march/article/himba-zemba-reiterate-no-to-baynes-dam/|title=Himba, Zemba reiterate 'no' to Baynes dam|publisher=Catherine Sasman for The Namibian|access-date=March 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329005913/http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2013/march/article/himba-zemba-reiterate-no-to-baynes-dam|archive-date=March 29, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Goobta soo jiidashada == Dalxiisayaashu waxay inta badan booqdaan xeryaha ama hoyga Epupa, kuwaas oo bixiya isboortiga biyaha ee wabiga, oo ay ku jiraan rafting iyo canoeing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kaoko-namibia.com/epupa_falls.html |title=KaokoHimba Safaris Namibia - Kaokoland, Epupa Falls Campsite, Himba People, Tours - Epupa Falls |access-date=March 23, 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422001005/http://www.kaoko-namibia.com/epupa_falls.html |archive-date=April 22, 2013}}</ref> Geedaha baobab ee qadiimiga ah waxay ku koraan hareeraha [[gorge]], waxaana jira goob qurux badan oo si wanaagsan loo xafiday oo kor ka eegaysa tuulada iyo biyo-dhaca. == Qoraal == {{Notelist}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} === Ilaha === * {{cite book|author=C. Michael Hogan|year=2012|section-url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Kunene_River?topic=78166|section=Kunene River|editor1=P. Saundry|editor2=C. Cleveland|title=Encyclopedia of Earth|publisher=National Council for Science and the Environment|location=Washington DC.}} * {{cite journal|author1=F. C. de Moor|author2=H. M. Barber-James|author3=A. D. Harrison|author4=C. R. Lugo-Ortiz|year=2000|title=The macroinvertebrates of the Cunene River from the Ruacana Falls to the river mouth and assessment of the conservation status of the river|journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science|volume=25|issue=1}} * {{cite book|first=Mikiyasu|last=Nakayama|year=2003|title=International Waters in Southern Africa|publisher=[[United Nations University Press]]|isbn=92-808-1077-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ittv1oAJ37sC}} Google eBook. == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071121034417/http://www.pgoimages.com/gallery.php?gall=g_namibia_serracafema Images near Kunene River] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120813015647/http://www.waterandnature.org/en/resources/publications/thematic-collection/facts-figures/watersheds-world Map of the Cunene River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] {{Authority control}} 5mc3wm1g9jr9bf0h8w8wchkkyhhll17 0 51841 307478 307242 2026-09-08T02:28:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = Kanzem Ortsansicht.jpg |image_coa = DEU Kanzem COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|40|00|N|06|34|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Kanzem in TR.svg |state = |district = Trier-Saarburg |Verbandsgemeinde = Konz |elevation = 145 |area = 4.29 |postal_code = 54441 |area_code = 06501 |licence = TR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 055 |website = [http://www.kanzem.de/ www.kanzem.de] |mayor = Johann Peter Mertes<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = independent }} '''Kanzem''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal inta u dhaxaysa webiga Saar, tuulada Kanzem waxaa looga aqoonsan yahay tayada khamrigeeda. Dhismaheeda waxaa lagu calaamadiyay joogitaanka beeraha khamriga ee taariikhiga ah oo ay ku jiraan Weingut Le Gallais, von Othegraven, Rautenstrauch iyo Cantzheim. Beerta khamriga [[Weingut von Othegraven]], oo ka tirsan [[Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter|Ururka Beeraha Khamriga ee Prädikat ee Jarmalka]] (VDP), waxay ku taal tuuladan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Von Othegraven Winery, Kanzem an der Saar · Contact |url=https://www.von-othegraven.de/pages/kontakt.php |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=www.von-othegraven.de |archive-date=2021-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616190714/https://www.von-othegraven.de/pages/kontakt.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Günther Jauch]] ayaa leh.<ref name=":0" /> ==Taariikhda== Laga soo bilaabo 18 Luulyo 1946 ilaa 6 Juun 1947 Kanzem, oo ku jirtay xuduudaheeda degmo ee waqtigaas, waxay ka mid ahayd [[Saar (protectorate)|Saar Protectorate]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nrj0sd8ci1aj04pvg47l3sjtkkt9o84 0 51865 307479 307266 2026-09-08T02:31:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Kemmenau COA.svg |image_photo = Kemmenau2.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|50|20|52|N|7|45|3|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Kemmenau in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Bad Ems-Nassau |elevation = 382 |area = 3.78 |postal_code = 56132 |area_code = 02603 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 071 |website = [http://www.kemmenau.de/ www.kemmenau.de] |mayor = Norbert Jachtenfuchs<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Kemmenau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈkɛmənaʊ}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rhein-Lahn|Rhein-Lahn]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Bad Ems-Nassau|ururka bulshada ee Bad Ems-Nassau.]] In kasta oo Kemmenau la xusay horay 1320, isla markaana laga yaabo inay ka weyn tahay dhowr qarni, tuuladu waxay noqotay degmo int u dhaxaysay 1816 iyo 1821. Qaybta weyn waxay horey ugu jirtay [[Bad Ems]], qaybta yarina waxay aheyd [[Dausenau]] oo u dhow. Sidoo kale waxaa xusid mudan raadadka taariikhiga ah ee laga heli karo si toos ah gadaasha tuulada, xadka Roomaanka ee si fudud loo aqoonsan karo ee Limes iyo godasho wareegsan oo taariikhi ah oo ku taal 'First'. Magaca magaalada waxaa laga soo qaatay, malaha, "Kemmenate", taas oo tixraaci lahayd guri lagu dhisay waddadii hore ee ka timid Bad Ems kuna socotay Westerwald. <ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.bad-ems.de/vg_bad_ems/Stadt%20und%20Ortsgemeinden/Kemmenau/Zur%20Geschichte |title=VG Bad Ems - zur Geschichte |access-date=2011-06-26 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002173054/http://www.bad-ems.de/vg_bad_ems/Stadt%20und%20Ortsgemeinden/Kemmenau/Zur%20Geschichte/ }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 18bwqpgsomj31jfh7v4z7gd7nn67eze 0 51915 307480 307341 2026-09-08T02:35:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Kleinniedesheim |image_coa = DEU Kleinniedesheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|35|N|8|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Karte Kleinniedesheim.png |state = |region = |district = Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Lambsheim-Heßheim |elevation = 110 |area = 3.88 |postal_code = 67259 |area_code = 06239 |licence = RP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 38 015 |website = |mayor = Ewald Merkel<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3380000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = FWG }} '''Kleinniedesheim''' ({{IPA|de|klaɪnˈniːdəshaɪm}}, {{lit|Little Niedesheim}}, marka lloo barbardhigo "[[Großniedesheim|Great Niedesheim]]") waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha Degmada === {| class=wikitable |- |- | colspan=6 align=center | Golaha Degmada 2014<ref>''[http://www.wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2014/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3380601500.html Kommunalwahl 2014 - Kleinniedesheim - Final results]'', Landeswahlleiter (in German)</ref> |- |Xisbiga||Codadka||Kursiyada |- |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] ||align=right | 19.4%||align=right | 2 |- |[[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] ||align=right | 28.7%||align=right | 3 |- |[[Free Voters|FWG]] ||align=right | 51.9%||align=right | 7 |- | colspan=6 align=center | Ka-qaybgalshada Codeeyayaasha: 62.7% |} === Duqa Magaalada === Duqa magaalada Kleinniedesheim waa Ewald Merkel ([[Free Voters|FWG]]).<ref>''[http://www.lambsheim-hessheim.de/vg_lambsheim_hessheim/Die%20Gemeinden/Kleinniedesheim/ Kleinniedesheim on lambsheim-heßheim.de] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lambsheim-hessheim.de/vg_lambsheim_hessheim/Die%20Gemeinden/Kleinniedesheim/ |date=20180505140841 }}'', Official website of the Verbandsgemeinde Lambsheim-Heßheim (in German)</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2wce9kw2ojro7v1ukbyagkllmspcz3m 0 51931 307481 307357 2026-09-08T02:38:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 307481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = Könnern rathaus1.JPG |image_caption = Xarunta degmada |image_coa = Wappen_Koennern.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|40|11|N|11|46|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Könnern in SLK.png |state = |district = Salzlandkreis |elevation = 121 |area = 125.28 |postal_code = 06420 |area_code = 034691 |licence = SLK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 89 195 |divisions = |website = [http://www.stadt-koennern.de/ www.stadt-koennern.de] |mayor = Martin Zbyszewski<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = SPD }} '''Könnern''' ({{IPA|de|ˈkœnɐn|-|De-Könnern.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan deegaanka [[Salzlandkreis|Salzlandkreis]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal bangiga midig ee webiga [[Saale]], qiyaastii 15&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigta [[Bernburg]], iyo 25&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Halle (Saale)]]. == Juqraafiyada == Magaalada Könnern waxay ka kooban tahay Könnern lafteeda iyo toban ''Ortschaften'' ama qeybo ka tirsan degmada. Qeybahan ''Ortschaften'' waa degmooyin hore, oo lagu daray Könnern int u dhaxxeysay 2003 iyo 2010:<ref name=Hauptsatzung>[https://www.stadt-koennern.de/cms/images/koennern/rathaus/satzung/Hauptsatzung2018bekannt.pdf Hauptsatzung] {{Wayback|url=https://www.stadt-koennern.de/cms/images/koennern/rathaus/satzung/Hauptsatzung2018bekannt.pdf |date=20210511030308 }} Stadt Könnern, November 2018.</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *Beesenlaublingen *Belleben *[[Cörmigk]] *[[Edlau]] *[[Gerlebogk]] *Golbitz *Lebendorf *Strenznaundorf *[[Wiendorf, Saxony-Anhalt|Wiendorf]] *Zickeritz {{div col end}} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Konnern}} clc5sviv1cq30nap83ng6efw4eaheup 10 51945 307377 2026-09-07T17:57:10Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ .ib-election { line-height: 1.5em; } .ib-election .infobox-data { text-align: center; } .ib-election .infobox-label { width: 5em; white-space: nowrap; } .ib-election .infobox-subheader { line-height: 130%; } .ib-election .infobox-header { font-weight: normal; } /* To avoid seeming biased on responsive skins - make sure all images are the * same width and displayed e.g. not hidden by a scrollable element * use !important for both of these to over... 307377 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .ib-election { line-height: 1.5em; } .ib-election .infobox-data { text-align: center; } .ib-election .infobox-label { width: 5em; white-space: nowrap; } .ib-election .infobox-subheader { line-height: 130%; } .ib-election .infobox-header { font-weight: normal; } /* To avoid seeming biased on responsive skins - make sure all images are the * same width and displayed e.g. not hidden by a scrollable element * use !important for both of these to override any widths or heights provided by * templates, otherwise these will squish. */ @media ( max-width: 640px ) { body.skin--responsive:not( .skin-monobook ):not( .skin-timeless ) .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img { height: 80px !important; width: auto !important; } } /* always light mode for the images */ @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .ib-election .mw-file-description img { background-color: #f8f9fa; color:inherit; } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .ib-election .mw-file-description img { background-color: #f8f9fa; color:inherit; } } oqm2iksus3vgauflrfk3v5zs8nj2t90 828 51946 307382 2026-09-07T18:11:21Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local p = {} local horizontal = require('Module:List').horizontal local dagger = '<sup class="CFB-schedule-hcgame">[[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]</sup>' local haslocgamename = false local hasoppgamename = false local haslocrivalry = false local hasopprivalry = false local hasrank = false local hasstrangescore = false local hasnowrap = false local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= '' end local function yesno(s, d) s = (s or ''):l... 307382 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local horizontal = require('Module:List').horizontal local dagger = '<sup class="CFB-schedule-hcgame">[[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]</sup>' local haslocgamename = false local hasoppgamename = false local haslocrivalry = false local hasopprivalry = false local hasrank = false local hasstrangescore = false local hasnowrap = false local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= '' end local function yesno(s, d) s = (s or ''):lower() if (s == 'no' or s == 'n') then return false elseif (s == 'yes' or s == 'y') then return true else return d end end local function ifexist(page) if not page then return false end if mw.title.new(page).exists then return true end return false end local function getdivision(y) if y >= 2006 then return 'NCAA Division I FBS' elseif y >= 1978 then return 'NCAA Division I-A' elseif y >= 1973 then return 'NCAA Division I' elseif y >= 1962 then return 'NCAA University Division' elseif y >= 1958 then return 'major college' else return 'college' end return '' end local function getpolltext(y, d, p) -- default poll is the Coaches poll if (p or '') == '' then p = 'Coaches\'' end -- if p is linked then just return p if (p or ''):find('[%[%]]') then return p end -- else if y is a number if isnotempty(y) and tonumber(y) then if (d or '') == '' then d = getdivision(tonumber(y)) end return '[[' .. y .. ' ' .. d .. ' football rankings' .. '#' .. p .. ' Poll|' .. p .. ' Poll]]' .. ' released prior to the game' end -- else if d is not empty if isnotempty(d) then d = d .. ' ' if ifexist(d .. p .. ' Poll') then return '[[' .. d .. p .. ' Poll|' .. p .. ' Poll]]' .. ' released prior to the game' end end -- else if p Poll is an article if ifexist(p .. ' Poll') then return (d or '') .. '[[' .. p .. ' Poll]]' .. ' released prior to the game' end return (d or '') .. p .. ' poll released prior to the game' end local function getopp(s, atvs, movegn) s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '<[%s/]*[Nn][Cc][Gg][%s/]*>', '<span class="CFB-schedule-ncgame">*</span>') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '<[%s/]*[Hh][Cc][%s/]*>', dagger) atvs = mw.ustring.gsub(atvs or '', '^%s*@%s*', 'at') atvs = mw.ustring.gsub(atvs or '', '^%s*[Vv][Ss]?[%.%s]*', 'vs.') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^([A-Za-z%.%s]*)[Nn][Oo][%.%s]*([0-9])', '%1 No.&nbsp;%2' ) s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^([A-Za-z%.%s]*)#([0-9])', '%1 No.&nbsp;%2') if mw.ustring.match(s, 'No%.&nbsp;%d') then hasrank=true end local gn, r = '', '' if mw.ustring.match(s, '[Nn][Oo][Ww][Rr][Aa][Pp]') then hasnowrap = true end if mw.ustring.match(s, '[Nn][Bb][Ss][Pp]') then hasnowrap = true end if mw.ustring.match(s, '^.*%s*%(%s*%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%]%s*%)%s*.*$') then if mw.ustring.match(s, '%(%[%[[^%[%]]*%|%s*[Rr]ivalry') then hasopprivalry = true else hasoppgamename = true end if movegn == true then s, gn, r = mw.ustring.match(s, '^(.*)%s*%(%s*(%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%])%s*%)(%s*.*)$') end end if atvs ~= '' then atvs = atvs .. ' ' end return atvs .. s .. r, gn end local function getrank(s) s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*([%d][%d]*)', 'No.&nbsp;%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*(T)[%-–%s]*([%d][%d]*)', 'No.&nbsp;%1–%2') return s end local function getseed(s) s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*([%d][%d]*)', '(%1)') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*(T)[%-–%s]*([%d][%d]*)', '(%1–%2)') return s end local function getsite(stadium, location, game_name) if isnotempty(stadium) and isnotempty(location) then game_name = mw.ustring.gsub(game_name, '^%s*', '') if isnotempty(game_name) then game_name = mw.ustring.gsub(game_name, '^([Rr][Ii][Vv][Aa][Ll][Rr][Yy])$', '%1[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with an unlinked rivalry]]') game_name = mw.ustring.gsub(game_name, '^([^%[%]]*)$', '%1[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with an unlinked gamename]]') game_name = ' (' .. game_name .. ')' end if mw.ustring.match(location, '%s%(%[%[') then if mw.ustring.match(location, '%s%(%[%[[^%]]*%|%s*[Rr]ivalry') then haslocrivalry = true else haslocgamename = true end end return horizontal({stadium, location .. game_name}) else game_name = mw.ustring.gsub(game_name, '^%s*', '') if isnotempty(game_name) then game_name = ' (' .. game_name .. ')' end return stadium .. location .. game_name end end local function setbg(WL,N) local BG = '#F8F9FA' WL = mw.ustring.gsub(WL, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') WL = WL:upper() if WL == 'W' then BG = '#DDFFDD' elseif WL == 'L' then BG = '#FFDDDD' elseif WL == 'T' then BG = '#FFFFE6' elseif WL == 'V' then BG = '#F0E8E8' WL = 'W' N = N .. ' (vacated)' end return BG, WL, N end local function parse4(p, s) local t = {'', '', '', ''} for k = 1,4 do t[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(s, p, '%' .. k) end local wl, sc, n, bg = t[1], t[2] .. '–' .. t[3], t[4], 'inherit' bg, wl, n = setbg(wl, n) return '<span style="display:inline-block; font-weight:bold; width:1em">' .. wl .. '</span> ' .. sc .. n, bg end local function getresult(wl, s, n) local bg = '#F8F9FA' local loopnum = 0 while (mw.ustring.match(s, '&[Nn][Bb][Ss][Pp];') and loopnum < 5) do hasstrangescore = true s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '&[Nn][Bb][Ss][Pp];', ' ') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '<%s*[Ss][Pp][Aa][Nn][^<>]*>%s*</[Ss][Pp][Aa][Nn]%s*>', ' ') loopnum = loopnum + 1 end s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '&[Nn][Bb][Ss][Pp];%s*(<[%s/]*[0-9]*OT[%s/]*>)', ' %1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '%s*<([0-9]*)[Oo][Tt]>', ' ^%1OT') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '&[MmNn][Dd][Aa][Ss][Hh];', '–') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '<span class="url">(.-)</span>', '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') if wl ~= '' then s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*([%d][%d]*)%s*[%‐‒–—―]%s*', '%1–') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*(%[%[%s*[^|]*|%s*[%d][%d]*)%s*[%‐‒–—―]%s*', '%1–') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*(%[[^|%[%]%s]*%s+[%d][%d]*)%s*[%‐‒–—―]%s*', '%1–') local r if mw.ustring.match(wl, '^%s*[%a]?%s*$') then bg, wl, n = setbg(wl, n) r = '<span style="display:inline-block; font-weight:bold; width:1em">' .. wl .. '</span> ' .. s .. n else hasstrangescore = true r = wl .. s .. n end return r,bg end if s == 'Cancelled' or s == '' or s == '?' then return wl .. s .. n, 'inherit' end if mw.ustring.match(s, '^[%a]%s+[^%d].*$') then wl = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^([%a])%s+(.-)$', '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^([%a])%s+(.-)$', '%2') bg, wl, n = setbg(wl, n) local r = '<span style="display:inline-block; font-weight:bold; width:1em">' .. wl .. '</span> ' .. s .. n return r,bg end if mw.ustring.match(s, '^[%a]$') then bg, wl, n = setbg(s, n) local r = '<span style="display:inline-block; font-weight:bold; width:1em">' .. wl .. '</span> ' .. n return r, bg end local pat pat = '^([%a])%s*([%d][%d]*)[%D]%s*([%d][%d]*)(.-)$' if mw.ustring.match(s, pat) then return parse4(pat, s) end pat = '^([%a])%s*(%[%[%s*[^|]*|%s*[%d][%d]*)[%D]%s*([%d][%d]*%]%])(.-)$' if mw.ustring.match(s, pat) then return parse4(pat, s) end pat = '^([%a])%s*(%[[^|%[%]%s]*%s+[%d][%d]*)[%D]%s*([%d][%d]*%s*%])(.-)$' if mw.ustring.match(s, pat) then return parse4(pat, s) end hasstrangescore = true return wl .. s .. n, 'inherit' end local function getfootnotes(ncg, hc, oe, rank, opprank, poll, tz, src) -- footnotes local fn = {} if ncg then table.insert(fn,'*Non-conference game') end if hc then table.insert(fn, dagger .. 'Homecoming') end if isnotempty(oe) then table.insert(fn, oe) end if (rank == true) or (opprank == true) then table.insert(fn, 'Rankings from ' .. poll) end if isnotempty(tz) then table.insert(fn,'All times are in [[' .. tz .. ' Time Zone|' .. tz .. ' time]]') end if isnotempty(src) then table.insert(fn, 'Source: ' .. src) end if (#fn > 0) then return horizontal(fn) else return nil end end local function make_outer_table(args) local showdate = yesno(args['date'], false) local showtime = yesno(args['time'], false) local showrank = yesno(args['rank'], false) local showtv = yesno(args['tv'], false) local showattend = yesno(args['attend'], false) local showsource = yesno(args['source'], false) local ncg, hc = false, false local row -- Step 1: Inspect the rows to determine which headers are active local k = 1 while args[k] ~= nil do if showdate == false then if args[k]:find('<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-date[^>]*>%s*[^%s<]') then showdate = true end end if showtime == false then if args[k]:find('<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-time[^>]*>%s*[^%s<]') then showtime = true end end if showrank == false then if args[k]:find('<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-rank[^>]*>%s*[^%s<]') then showrank = true end end if showtv == false then if args[k]:find('<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-tv[^>]*>%s*[^%s<]') then showtv = true end end if showattend == false then if args[k]:find('<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-attend[^>]*>%s*[^%s<]') then showattend = true end end if showsource == false then if args[k]:find('<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-source[^>]*>%s*[^%s<]') then showsource = true end end if ncg == false then if args[k]:find('<s[pu][ap][^>]*CFB%-schedule%-ncgame') then ncg = true end end if hc == false then if args[k]:find('<s[pu][ap][^>]*CFB%-schedule%-hcgame') then hc = true end end if hasrank == false then if showrank == true or args[k]:find('No%.&nbsp;%d') or args[k]:find('No%.&nbsp;T[%-–%s]*%d') then hasrank = true end end k = k + 1 end if k == 1 then return '[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with no content]]' end -- Step 2: Build the table local root = mw.html.create('table') root:addClass('wikitable notheme') :css('font-size', '95%') -- optional caption if args['caption'] then root:tag('caption'):addClass('skin-invert'):wikitext(args['caption']) end -- add the headers local cols = 3 row = root:tag('tr') if showdate then row:tag('th'):wikitext('Date') cols = cols + 1 end if showtime then row:tag('th'):wikitext('Time') cols = cols + 1 end row:tag('th'):wikitext('Opponent') if showrank then row:tag('th'):wikitext('Rank') cols = cols + 1 end row:tag('th'):wikitext('Site') if showtv then row:tag('th'):wikitext('TV') cols = cols + 1 end row:tag('th'):wikitext('Result') if showattend then row:tag('th'):wikitext('Attendance') cols = cols + 1 end if showsource then row:tag('th'):wikitext('Source') cols = cols + 1 end k = 1 while args[k] ~= nil do row = args[k] or '' if showdate then row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-date[^>]*>', '<td style="white-space:nowrap">') else row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-date[^>]*>%s*</td>%s*', '') end if showtime then row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-time[^>]*>', '<td style="white-space:nowrap">') else row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-time[^>]*>%s*</td>%s*', '') end if showrank then row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-rank[^>]*>', '<td style="white-space:nowrap">') else row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-rank[^>]*>%s*</td>%s*', '') end if showtv then row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-tv[^>]*>', '<td>') else row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-tv[^>]*>%s*</td>%s*', '') end if showattend then row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-attend[^>]*>', '<td style="text-align:center">') else row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-attend[^>]*>%s*</td>%s*', '') end if showsource then row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-source[^>]*>', '<td style="text-align:center">') else row = mw.ustring.gsub(row, '<td[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-source[^>]*>%s*</td>%s*', '') end root:wikitext(row) k = k + 1 end -- footnotes local fnotes = getfootnotes( ncg, hc, args['other-event'] or args['other_event'] or args['otherevent'], showrank, yesno(args['opprank'], hasrank), getpolltext( args['rank_year'] or args['rankyear'], args['rank_division'] or args['rankdivision'], args['poll'] ), showtime and args['timezone'] or '', args['seasonsource'] ) if fnotes ~= nil then root:tag('tr') :tag('td') :attr('colspan',cols) :css('font-size', '85%') :wikitext(fnotes) end return tostring(root) end local function convert_table(args) local function splitresult(s) local wl = '' s = mw.ustring.gsub(s or '', '&[MmNn][Dd][Aa][Ss][Hh];', '–') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') local r = '' if mw.ustring.match(s, '^[%a]%s*[%d][%d]*[%D]%s*[%d][%d]*%s*.*$') then local t = {'', '', '', ''} for k = 1,4 do t[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(s,'^([%a])%s*([%d][%d]*)[%D]%s*([%d][%d]*)%s*(.*)$', '%' .. k) end local wl, s1, s2, n = t[1], t[2], t[3], t[4] wl = wl:lower() return wl, s1 .. '–' .. s2 .. n end return '', s end local res = '{{CFB schedule\n' res = res .. (yesno(args['opprank'], false) == false and '' or '| opprank = y\n') res = res .. (isnotempty(args['other-event']) and '| other-event = ' .. args['other-event'] .. '\n' or '') res = res .. (isnotempty(args['rankyear']) and '| rankyear = ' .. args['rankyear'] .. '\n' or '') res = res .. (isnotempty(args['rankdivision']) and '| rankdivision = ' .. args['rankdivision'] .. '\n' or '') res = res .. (isnotempty(args['poll']) and '| poll = ' .. args['poll'] .. '\n' or '') res = res .. (isnotempty(args['timezone']) and '| timezone = ' .. args['timezone'] .. '\n' or '') -- switch headers on and off local headers = {'Date', 'Time', 'At/Vs', 'Opponent', 'Rank', 'Site', 'Location', 'TV', 'Result', 'Attendance', 'Source'} local resultoffset = 8 for k = #headers,1,-1 do if headers[k] == 'Time' and (yesno(args['time'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) resultoffset = resultoffset - 1 elseif headers[k] == 'At/Vs' and (yesno(args['atvs'], true) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) resultoffset = resultoffset - 1 elseif headers[k] == 'Rank' and (yesno(args['rank'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) resultoffset = resultoffset - 1 elseif headers[k] == 'TV' and (yesno(args['tv'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) resultoffset = resultoffset - 1 elseif headers[k] == 'Attendance' and (yesno(args['attend'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) elseif headers[k] == 'Source' and (yesno(args['source'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) end end -- parse the table local k = 1 local stopflag = (args[k] == nil) and true or false while stopflag == false do res = res .. '|{{CFB schedule entry\n' for j = 1,#headers do if headers[j] == 'Date' then res = res .. '| date = ' .. mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') .. '\n' elseif headers[j] == 'Time' then res = res .. '| time = ' .. mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') .. '\n' elseif headers[j] == 'At/Vs' then local atvs = mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') atvs = mw.ustring.gsub(atvs, '^@', 'at') atvs = mw.ustring.gsub(atvs, '^[Vv][Ss]?[%.%s]*', 'vs.') if mw.ustring.find(atvs, '^at') then res = res .. '| away = y\n' elseif mw.ustring.find(atvs, '^vs') then res = res .. '| neutral = y\n' elseif atvs ~= '' then res = res .. '| atvs = ~' .. atvs .. '~\n' end elseif headers[j] == 'Opponent' then local opp = mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') if mw.ustring.find(opp, '%s*<[%s/]*[Nn][Cc][Gg][%s/]*>%s*') then opp = mw.ustring.gsub(opp, '%s*<[%s/]*[Nn][Cc][Gg][%s/]*>%s*', ' ') res = res .. '| nonconf = y\n' end if mw.ustring.find(opp, '%s*<[%s/]*[Hh][Cc][%s/]*>%s*') then opp = mw.ustring.gsub(opp, '%s*<[%s/]*[Hh][Cc][%s/]*>%s*', ' ') res = res .. '| homecoming = y\n' end opp = mw.ustring.gsub(opp, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') opp = mw.ustring.gsub(opp, '^[Nn][Oo][%.%s]*([0-9])', '#%1' ) if mw.ustring.find(opp, '^#([0-9]+)%s*') then local orank = mw.ustring.gsub(opp, '^#([0-9]+)%s*(.-)$', '%1' ) opp = mw.ustring.gsub(opp, '^#([0-9]+)%s*(.-)$', '%2' ) res = res .. '| opprank = ' .. orank .. '\n' end if mw.ustring.find(opp, '^(.-)%s*%((%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%])%)%s*$') then local rgame = mw.ustring.gsub(opp, '^(.-)%s*%((%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%])%)%s*$', '%2') opp = mw.ustring.gsub(opp, '^(.-)%s*%((%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%])%)%s*$', '%1') res = res .. '| gamename = ' .. rgame .. '\n' end res = res .. '| opponent = ' .. opp .. '\n' elseif headers[j] == 'Rank' then local mrank = mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') mrank = mw.ustring.gsub(mrank, '^[Nn][Oo][%.%s]*([0-9])', '%1' ) mrank = mw.ustring.gsub(mrank, '^#[%.%s]*([0-9])', '%1' ) res = res .. '| rank = ' .. mrank .. '\n' elseif headers[j] == 'Site' then res = res .. '| stadium = ' .. mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') .. '\n' elseif headers[j] == 'Location' then local loc = mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') local rname = '' if mw.ustring.find(loc, '^(.-)%s*%((%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%])%)%s*$') then rgame = mw.ustring.gsub(loc, '^(.-)%s*%((%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%])%)%s*$', '%2') rname = rname .. '| gamename = ' .. rgame .. '\n' loc = mw.ustring.gsub(loc, '^(.-)%s*%((%[%[[^%[%]]*%]%])%)%s*$', '%1') end res = res .. '| cityst = ' .. loc .. '\n' res = res .. rname elseif headers[j] == 'TV' then res = res .. '| tv = ' .. mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') .. '\n' elseif headers[j] == 'Result' then local wl, score = splitresult(args[k] or '') res = res .. '| w/l = ' .. wl .. '\n' res = res .. '| score = ' .. score .. '\n' elseif headers[j] == 'Attendance' then res = res .. '| attend = ' .. mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') .. '\n' elseif headers[j] == 'Source' then res = res .. '| source = ' .. mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') .. '\n' else res = res .. '| ?? = ' .. mw.ustring.gsub(args[k] or '', '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1') .. '\n' end k = k + 1 stopflag = (args[k] == nil) and true or false end res = res .. '}}\n' end res = res .. '}}' return res end local function make_table(args) local hasgamename = true -- switch headers on and off local headers = {'Date', 'Time', 'At/Vs', 'Opponent', 'Rank', 'Site', 'Location', 'Game name', 'TV', 'Result', 'Attendance', 'Source'} local resultoffset = 9 local ncg, hc = false, false for k = #headers,1,-1 do if headers[k] == 'Time' and (yesno(args['time'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) resultoffset = resultoffset - 1 elseif headers[k] == 'At/Vs' and (yesno(args['atvs'], true) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) resultoffset = resultoffset - 1 elseif headers[k] == 'Rank' and (yesno(args['rank'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) resultoffset = resultoffset - 1 elseif headers[k] == 'Game name' and (yesno(args['gamename'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) resultoffset = resultoffset - 1 hasgamename = false elseif headers[k] == 'TV' and (yesno(args['tv'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) resultoffset = resultoffset - 1 elseif headers[k] == 'Attendance' and (yesno(args['attend'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) elseif headers[k] == 'Source' and (yesno(args['source'], false) == false) then table.remove(headers,k) end end -- create the root table local root = mw.html.create('table') root:addClass('wikitable notheme') :css('font-size', '95%') -- optional caption if args['caption'] then root:tag('caption'):addClass('skin-invert'):wikitext(args['caption']) end -- add the headers local row = root:tag('tr') for k=1,#headers do if headers[k] == 'Rank' then local cell = row:tag('th') cell:wikitext('Rank') elseif headers[k] == 'Location' then elseif headers[k] == 'At/Vs' then elseif headers[k] == 'Opponent' then local cell = row:tag('th') cell:wikitext('Opponent') else local cell = row:tag('th') cell:wikitext(headers[k]) end end -- build the table local k = 1 local stopflag = (args[k] == nil) and true or false if stopflag then return '[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with no content]]' end while stopflag == false do local res, bg = getresult('', args[k+resultoffset] or '', '') row = root:tag('tr'):css('background-color', bg):css('color','inherit') local op, gn = '', '' for j = 1,#headers do if headers[j] == 'Result' then row:tag('td'):css('white-space', 'nowrap'):wikitext(res) elseif headers[j] == 'At/Vs' then elseif headers[j] == 'Opponent' then if mw.ustring.find(args[k] or '', '<[%s/]*[Nn][Cc][Gg][%s/]*>') then ncg = true end if mw.ustring.find(args[k] or '', '<[%s/]*[Hh][Cc][%s/]*>') then hc = true end op, gn = getopp(args[k], (yesno(args['atvs'], true) == true) and (args[k-1] or '') or '', true) row:tag('td'):wikitext(op) elseif headers[j] == 'Rank' then row:tag('td'):wikitext(getrank(args[k])) elseif headers[j] == 'Site' then row:tag('td'):wikitext(getsite(args[k] or '', args[k+1] or '', (hasgamename and (args[k+2] or '') or '') .. (' ' .. gn))) elseif headers[j] == 'Location' then elseif headers[j] == 'Game name' then elseif headers[j] == 'Attendance' then row:tag('td'):css('text-align', 'center'):wikitext(args[k]) else row:tag('td'):wikitext(args[k]) end k = k + 1 stopflag = (args[k] == nil) and true or false end end -- footnotes local fnotes = getfootnotes( ncg, hc, args['other-event'] or args['other_event'] or args['otherevent'], yesno(args['rank'], false), yesno(args['opprank'], hasrank), getpolltext( args['rank_year'] or args['rankyear'], args['rank_division'] or args['rankdivision'], args['poll'] ), (yesno(args['time'], false) == false) and '' or args['timezone'], args['seasonsource'] ) if fnotes ~= nil then row = root:tag('tr') row:tag('td') :attr('colspan',#headers) :css('font-size', '85%') :wikitext(fnotes) end -- return the root table return tostring(root) .. (haslocgamename and '[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with gamename after location]]' or '') .. (hasoppgamename and '[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with gamename after opponent]]' or '') .. (haslocrivalry and '[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with rivalry after location]]' or '') .. (hasopprivalry and '[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with rivalry after opponent]]' or '') .. (hasstrangescore and '[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with an unusual score]]' or '') .. (hasnowrap and '[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with nowrap or nbsp opponent]]' or '') end function p.entry(frame) local args = (frame.args.opponent ~= nil) and frame.args or frame:getParent().args local cell if args['overtime'] then args['overtime'] = ' ^{' .. args['overtime'] .. '}' end local res, bg = getresult( (args['w/l'] or '') .. ' ', args['score'] or '', args['overtime'] or '' ) local root = mw.html.create('tr') :addClass('CFB-schedule-row') :css('background-color', bg) :css('color', 'inherit') -- Date cell = root:tag('td'):addClass('CFB-schedule-date') if args.date and (args.date):lower() ~= 'no' then cell :css('white-space','nowrap') :wikitext(args.date or '') else cell:css('display','none') end -- Time cell = root:tag('td'):addClass('CFB-schedule-time') if args.time and (args.time):lower() ~= 'no' then cell :css('white-space','nowrap') :wikitext(args.time or '') else cell:css('display','none') end -- Opponent local op, gn = getopp( (isnotempty(args.oppseed) and getseed(args.oppseed) .. ' ' or '') .. (isnotempty(args.opprank) and getrank(args.opprank) .. ' ' or '') .. (args.opponent or '') .. ((yesno(args.nonconf,false) == true) and '<ncg>' or '') .. ((yesno(args.homecoming,false) == true) and '<hc>' or '') .. (args.ref or ''), (isnotempty(args.away) and 'at' or '') .. (isnotempty(args.neutral) and 'vs.' or ''), false ) root:tag('td') :css('white-space', 'nowrap') :wikitext(op) -- Rank cell = root:tag('td'):addClass('CFB-schedule-rank') if args.rank and (args.rank):lower() ~= 'no' then local seed = args.seed or '' if args.seed and (args.seed):lower() ~= 'no' then if seed ~= '' then seed = '(' .. seed .. ') ' end end local rank = args.rank or '' if rank ~= '' then rank = 'No. ' .. rank end cell :css('text-align','center') :css('white-space','nowrap') :wikitext(seed .. rank) else cell:css('display','none') end -- Gamename local gamename = args.gamename or '' -- Site root:tag('td') :wikitext(getsite(args.stadium or args.site_stadium or '', (args.cityst or args.site_cityst or ''), gamename)) -- TV cell = root:tag('td'):addClass('CFB-schedule-tv') if args.tv and (args.tv):lower() ~= 'no' then cell :wikitext(args.tv or '') else cell:css('display','none') end -- Result root:tag('td') :css('white-space','nowrap') :wikitext(res) -- Attendance cell = root:tag('td'):addClass('CFB-schedule-attend') if args.attend and (args.attend):lower() ~= 'no' then cell :css('text-align','center') :wikitext(args.attend or '') else cell:css('display','none') end -- Source cell = root:tag('td'):addClass('CFB-schedule-source') if args.source and (args.source):lower() ~= 'no' then cell :css('text-align','center') :wikitext(args.source or '') else cell:css('display','none') end return tostring(root) end function p.subst(frame) local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args if (args[1] or ''):find('<tr[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-row') then return make_outer_table(args) else return convert_table(args) end end function p.table(frame) local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args if (args[1] or ''):find('<tr[^>]*CFB%-schedule%-row') then return make_outer_table(args) .. '[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with named parameters]]' else return make_table(args) .. '[[Category:Pages using CFB schedule with unnamed parameters]]' end end return p aal5zjwmuzr9fbv2uj9grlirsa2b97n 10 51947 307383 2026-09-07T18:12:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 307383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:CFB schedule|table}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> l4udiprdwckis2gr06act1y9xoph4lb 828 51948 307384 2026-09-07T18:13:22Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- File-Date: 2026-06-14 return { ["aa"] = {"Afar"}, ["ab"] = {"Abkhazian"}, ["ae"] = {"Avestan"}, ["af"] = {"Afrikaans"}, ["ak"] = {"Akan"}, ["am"] = {"Amharic"}, ["an"] = {"Aragonese"}, ["ar"] = {"Arabic"}, ["as"] = {"Assamese"}, ["av"] = {"Avaric"}, ["ay"] = {"Aymara"}, ["az"] = {"Azerbaijani"}, ["ba"] = {"Bashkir"}, ["be"] = {"Belarusian"}, ["bg"] = {"Bulgarian"}, ["bi"] = {"Bislama"}, ["bm"] = {"Bambara"}, ["bn"] = {"Bengali", "Bangla"}, ["bo"] = {"Tibetan... 307384 Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2026-06-14 return { ["aa"] = {"Afar"}, ["ab"] = {"Abkhazian"}, ["ae"] = {"Avestan"}, ["af"] = {"Afrikaans"}, ["ak"] = {"Akan"}, ["am"] = {"Amharic"}, ["an"] = {"Aragonese"}, ["ar"] = {"Arabic"}, ["as"] = {"Assamese"}, ["av"] = {"Avaric"}, ["ay"] = {"Aymara"}, ["az"] = {"Azerbaijani"}, ["ba"] = {"Bashkir"}, ["be"] = {"Belarusian"}, ["bg"] = {"Bulgarian"}, ["bi"] = {"Bislama"}, ["bm"] = {"Bambara"}, ["bn"] = {"Bengali", "Bangla"}, ["bo"] = {"Tibetan"}, ["br"] = {"Breton"}, ["bs"] = {"Bosnian"}, ["ca"] = {"Catalan", "Valencian"}, ["ce"] = {"Chechen"}, ["ch"] = {"Chamorro"}, ["co"] = {"Corsican"}, ["cr"] = {"Cree"}, ["cs"] = {"Czech"}, ["cu"] = {"Church Slavic", "Church Slavonic", "Old Bulgarian", "Old Church Slavonic", "Old Slavonic"}, ["cv"] = {"Chuvash"}, ["cy"] = {"Welsh"}, ["da"] = {"Danish"}, ["de"] = {"German"}, ["dv"] = {"Dhivehi", "Divehi", "Maldivian"}, ["dz"] = {"Dzongkha"}, ["ee"] = {"Ewe"}, ["el"] = {"Modern Greek (1453-)"}, ["en"] = {"English"}, ["eo"] = {"Esperanto"}, ["es"] = {"Spanish", "Castilian"}, ["et"] = {"Estonian"}, ["eu"] = {"Basque"}, ["fa"] = {"Persian"}, ["ff"] = {"Fulah"}, ["fi"] = {"Finnish"}, ["fj"] = {"Fijian"}, ["fo"] = {"Faroese"}, ["fr"] = {"French"}, ["fy"] = {"Western Frisian"}, ["ga"] = {"Irish"}, ["gd"] = {"Scottish Gaelic", "Gaelic"}, ["gl"] = {"Galician"}, ["gn"] = {"Guarani"}, ["gu"] = {"Gujarati"}, ["gv"] = {"Manx"}, ["ha"] = {"Hausa"}, ["he"] = {"Hebrew"}, ["hi"] = {"Hindi"}, ["ho"] = {"Hiri Motu"}, ["hr"] = {"Croatian"}, ["ht"] = {"Haitian", "Haitian Creole"}, ["hu"] = {"Hungarian"}, ["hy"] = {"Armenian"}, ["hz"] = {"Herero"}, ["ia"] = {"Interlingua (IALA)", "Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)"}, ["id"] = {"Indonesian"}, ["ie"] = {"Interlingue", "Occidental"}, ["ig"] = {"Igbo"}, ["ii"] = {"Sichuan Yi", "Nuosu"}, ["ik"] = {"Inupiaq"}, ["io"] = {"Ido"}, ["is"] = {"Icelandic"}, ["it"] = {"Italian"}, ["iu"] = {"Inuktitut"}, ["ja"] = {"Japanese"}, ["jv"] = {"Javanese"}, ["ka"] = {"Georgian"}, ["kg"] = {"Kongo"}, ["ki"] = {"Kikuyu", "Gikuyu"}, ["kj"] = {"Kuanyama", "Kwanyama"}, ["kk"] = {"Kazakh"}, ["kl"] = {"Kalaallisut", "Greenlandic"}, ["km"] = {"Khmer", "Central Khmer"}, ["kn"] = {"Kannada"}, ["ko"] = {"Korean"}, ["kr"] = {"Kanuri"}, ["ks"] = {"Kashmiri"}, ["ku"] = {"Kurdish"}, ["kv"] = {"Komi"}, ["kw"] = {"Cornish"}, ["ky"] = {"Kirghiz", "Kyrgyz"}, ["la"] = {"Latin"}, ["lb"] = {"Luxembourgish", "Letzeburgesch"}, ["lg"] = {"Ganda", "Luganda"}, ["li"] = {"Limburgan", "Limburger", "Limburgish"}, ["ln"] = {"Lingala"}, ["lo"] = {"Lao"}, ["lt"] = {"Lithuanian"}, ["lu"] = {"Luba-Katanga"}, ["lv"] = {"Latvian"}, ["mg"] = {"Malagasy"}, ["mh"] = {"Marshallese"}, ["mi"] = {"Maori"}, ["mk"] = {"Macedonian"}, ["ml"] = {"Malayalam"}, ["mn"] = {"Mongolian"}, ["mr"] = {"Marathi"}, ["ms"] = {"Malay (macrolanguage)"}, ["mt"] = {"Maltese"}, ["my"] = {"Burmese"}, ["na"] = {"Nauru"}, ["nb"] = {"Norwegian Bokmål"}, ["nd"] = {"North Ndebele"}, ["ne"] = {"Nepali (macrolanguage)"}, ["ng"] = {"Ndonga"}, ["nl"] = {"Dutch", "Flemish"}, ["nn"] = {"Norwegian Nynorsk"}, ["no"] = {"Norwegian"}, ["nr"] = {"South Ndebele"}, ["nv"] = {"Navajo", "Navaho"}, ["ny"] = {"Chichewa", "Chewa", "Nyanja"}, ["oc"] = {"Occitan (post 1500)"}, ["oj"] = {"Ojibwa"}, ["om"] = {"Oromo"}, ["or"] = {"Oriya (macrolanguage)", "Odia (macrolanguage)"}, ["os"] = {"Iron Ossetic", "Iron", "Iron Ossetian", "Ossetian", "Ossetic"}, ["pa"] = {"Panjabi", "Punjabi"}, ["pi"] = {"Pali"}, ["pl"] = {"Polish"}, ["ps"] = {"Pushto", "Pashto"}, ["pt"] = {"Portuguese"}, ["qu"] = {"Quechua"}, ["rm"] = {"Romansh"}, ["rn"] = {"Rundi"}, ["ro"] = {"Romanian", "Moldavian", "Moldovan"}, ["ru"] = {"Russian"}, ["rw"] = {"Kinyarwanda"}, ["sa"] = {"Sanskrit"}, ["sc"] = {"Sardinian"}, ["sd"] = {"Sindhi"}, ["se"] = {"Northern Sami"}, ["sg"] = {"Sango"}, ["sh"] = {"Serbo-Croatian"}, ["si"] = {"Sinhala", "Sinhalese"}, ["sk"] = {"Slovak"}, ["sl"] = {"Slovenian"}, ["sm"] = {"Samoan"}, ["sn"] = {"Shona"}, ["so"] = {"Somali"}, ["sq"] = {"Albanian"}, ["sr"] = {"Serbian"}, ["ss"] = {"Swati"}, ["st"] = {"Southern Sotho"}, ["su"] = {"Sundanese"}, ["sv"] = {"Swedish"}, ["sw"] = {"Swahili (macrolanguage)"}, ["ta"] = {"Tamil"}, ["te"] = {"Telugu"}, ["tg"] = {"Tajik"}, ["th"] = {"Thai"}, ["ti"] = {"Tigrinya"}, ["tk"] = {"Turkmen"}, ["tl"] = {"Tagalog"}, ["tn"] = {"Tswana"}, ["to"] = {"Tonga (Tonga Islands)"}, ["tr"] = {"Turkish"}, ["ts"] = {"Tsonga"}, ["tt"] = {"Tatar"}, ["tw"] = {"Twi"}, ["ty"] = {"Tahitian"}, ["ug"] = {"Uighur", "Uyghur"}, ["uk"] = {"Ukrainian"}, ["ur"] = {"Urdu"}, ["uz"] = {"Uzbek"}, ["ve"] = {"Venda"}, ["vi"] = {"Vietnamese"}, ["vo"] = {"Volapük"}, ["wa"] = {"Walloon"}, ["wo"] = {"Wolof"}, ["xh"] = {"Xhosa"}, ["yi"] = {"Yiddish"}, ["yo"] = {"Yoruba"}, ["za"] = {"Zhuang", "Chuang"}, ["zh"] = {"Chinese"}, ["zu"] = {"Zulu"} } i3hk7ni2fusugkn4nbgprehdtekt611 828 51949 307385 2026-09-07T18:15:15Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: require("strict") local p = {} local currentFrame local redirectTemplateList = {} local debugTemplateUsedList = {} local errorList = { ["MULTI_SERIES"] = "|multi_series_name_table= can only be used in other modules" } --[[ Local function which validates parameter usage through Module:Check for unknown parameters. If calling module has additional valid args that are not part of this module, it should pass them as a seperate table - "additonalValidArgs". --]] local function get... 307385 Scribunto text/plain require("strict") local p = {} local currentFrame local redirectTemplateList = {} local debugTemplateUsedList = {} local errorList = { ["MULTI_SERIES"] = "|multi_series_name_table= can only be used in other modules" } --[[ Local function which validates parameter usage through Module:Check for unknown parameters. If calling module has additional valid args that are not part of this module, it should pass them as a seperate table - "additonalValidArgs". --]] local function getUnknownParametersErrors(args, additonalValidArgs) local templateName = currentFrame:getParent():getTitle() or "Module:Redirect template handler" local validArgs = { ["unknown"] = "[[Category:Pages using Module:Redirect template handler with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]", ["preview"] = 'Page using [[' .. templateName .. ']] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_".', "alt_name", "alt_spelling", "anchor", "capitalisation", "correct_disambiguation", "dab_exception", "draft_move", "former_name", "history", "incorrect_name", "list", "long_name", "merge", "primary", "restricted", "section", "series_name", "short_name", "to_article", "to_diacritic", "unneeded_dab", "without_mention", } -- Add optional series_name2-10 parameters. for i = 2, 10 do table.insert(validArgs, "series_name" .. i) end -- Safety check. if (additonalValidArgs) then for i = 1, #additonalValidArgs do table.insert(validArgs, additonalValidArgs[i]) end end local checkForUnknownParameters = require("Module:Check for unknown parameters") return checkForUnknownParameters._check(validArgs, args) end --[[ Local function which handles the addition of redirect templates. --]] local function addRedirectTemplate(templateName, templateArgs) -- Args might already be a table. if (type(templateArgs) ~= "table") then templateArgs = {templateArgs} end -- Get the redirect template. local redirectTemplate = currentFrame:expandTemplate{title = templateName, args = templateArgs} -- Insert it to the redirect template list. table.insert(redirectTemplateList, redirectTemplate) -- Insert the name only to the debug list. table.insert(debugTemplateUsedList, templateName) end --[[ Local function which retrieves the redirect's correct disambiguation style. This is needed to check if the current redirect title is using a correct disambiguation or not. --]] local function getCorrectDisambiguation(args) -- If a correct disambiguation was set, use it. if (args.correct_disambiguation) then return args.correct_disambiguation elseif (args.series_name) then -- If not, return the series name without disambiguation. local correctDisambiguation = string.gsub(args.series_name, "%(.*%)", "", 1) return mw.text.trim(correctDisambiguation) else -- If no series name was set, return an empty string. return "" end end --[[ Local function which retrieves the redirect's current disambiguation, if any. --]] local function getDisambiguation(args) local title if (args.test_title) then title = args.test_title else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text end local stringMatch = require("Module:String")._match -- Return disambiguation. return stringMatch(title, "%s%((.-)%)", 1, -1, false, "") end --[[ Local function which checks if the current disambiguation used is using a correct disambiguation style. Returns true if one of the following is correct: -- Has no disambiguation. -- Disambiguation is equal to a correct disambiguation style. -- Disambiguation is equal to an extended correct disambiguation style, which includes the type of redirects. -- Disambiguation is equal "song" or ends with " song". -- Disambiguation is tagged with an allowed exception. --]] local function isRedirectUsingCorrectDisambiguation(args, objectType) local disambiguation = getDisambiguation(args) local correctDisambiguation = getCorrectDisambiguation(args) objectType = objectType or "" if (args.dab_exception or (not disambiguation) or (disambiguation == "") or (disambiguation == correctDisambiguation) or (disambiguation == correctDisambiguation .. " " .. objectType) ) then return true elseif objectType == "song" and (disambiguation == "song" or string.find(disambiguation, " song")) then return true else return false end end --[[ Local function which handles all the shared character, element and location redirect handling code. --]] local function getRedirectCategoryTemplates(args, objectType) local mainRedirect = true local printworthy = true -----------------[[ Printworthy categories ]]----------------- -- See [[WP:NCHASHTAG]] for more details. -- This redirect can be a main redirect. if (args.restricted) then addRedirectTemplate("R restricted", args.restricted) end if (args.birth_name) then addRedirectTemplate("R from birth name") mainRedirect = false end if (args.alt_name) then addRedirectTemplate("R from alternative name") mainRedirect = false end if (args.former_name) then addRedirectTemplate("R from former name") mainRedirect = false end if (args.short_name) then addRedirectTemplate("R from short name") mainRedirect = false end if (args.long_name) then addRedirectTemplate("R from long name") mainRedirect = false end if (args.sort_name) then addRedirectTemplate("R from sort name", {string.sub(args.sort_name, 1, 1), string.sub(args.sort_name, 2)}) mainRedirect = false end -----------------[[ Unprintworthy categories ]]----------------- if (args.title_name) then addRedirectTemplate("R from name with title") printworthy = false mainRedirect = false end if (args.alt_spelling) then addRedirectTemplate("R from alternative spelling", args.alt_spelling) printworthy = false mainRedirect = false end if (args.to_diacritic) then addRedirectTemplate("R to diacritic") mainRedirect = false printworthy = false end if (args.incorrect_name) then addRedirectTemplate("R from incorrect name", args.primary or args.incorrect_name) mainRedirect = false printworthy = false end if (args.capitalisation) then addRedirectTemplate("R from miscapitalisation", args.primary or args.capitalisation) mainRedirect = false printworthy = false end if (args.unneeded_dab) then addRedirectTemplate("R from unnecessary disambiguation") mainRedirect = false printworthy = false end if (not isRedirectUsingCorrectDisambiguation(args, objectType)) then addRedirectTemplate("R from incorrect disambiguation") mainRedirect = false printworthy = false end if (args.draft_move) then addRedirectTemplate("R from move") addRedirectTemplate("R from draft namespace") mainRedirect = false printworthy = false end -----------------[[ Technical categories ]]----------------- --[[ Redirect target can be: -- a link to an anchor in a list. -- a link to a list, where the redirect is an entry. -- an article, for which the redirect is an alt title of. These are not currently categorized. -- a section of an article. ]]-- if (args.without_mention) then addRedirectTemplate("R to article without mention") printworthy = false elseif (args.anchor) then addRedirectTemplate("R to anchor") elseif (args.list) then addRedirectTemplate("R to list entry") elseif (args.to_article) then -- Currently do nothing. else addRedirectTemplate("R to section") end if (args.primary) then addRedirectTemplate("R avoided double redirect", args.primary) mainRedirect = false end if (args.merge) then addRedirectTemplate("R from merge") end if (args.history) then addRedirectTemplate("R with history") end local wikidata if args.test_title then wikidata = currentFrame:expandTemplate{title = "Wikidata", args = {"label", "raw", page = args.test_title}} else wikidata = currentFrame:expandTemplate{title = "Wikidata", args = {"label", "raw"}} end if wikidata ~= "" then addRedirectTemplate("R with Wikidata item") end if (mainRedirect) then addRedirectTemplate("R with possibilities") end if (printworthy) then addRedirectTemplate("R printworthy") else addRedirectTemplate("R unprintworthy") end return table.concat(redirectTemplateList), mainRedirect end --[[ Local function which handles the main process. --]] local function main(args, objectType, validArgs) local redirectCategoryTemplates, mainRedirect = getRedirectCategoryTemplates(args, objectType) local redirectCategoryShell = currentFrame:expandTemplate{title = "Redirect category shell", args = {redirectCategoryTemplates}} local unknownParametersErrors = getUnknownParametersErrors(args, validArgs) -- Used for /testcases testing. if (args.test) then return table.concat(debugTemplateUsedList, ", "), mainRedirect else return redirectCategoryShell, mainRedirect, unknownParametersErrors end end --[[ Local function which is used when redirects are tagged with more than one series name. It retrieves the complete lists of series used. Series entered should be in the style of "series_name#", as in series_name4. --]] local function getMultipleSeriesNames(args) local seriesArgs = {} table.insert(seriesArgs, args.series_name) for i = 2, 10 do local tvSeries = args["series_name" .. i] if (tvSeries) then table.insert(seriesArgs, tvSeries) end end table.insert(debugTemplateUsedList, table.concat(seriesArgs, ", ")) seriesArgs["multi"] = "yes" return seriesArgs end --[[ Entry point for episode redirects. --]] function p.setEpisodeRedirect(args, validArgs) currentFrame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- For scenarios where the redirect is a crossover episode redirect -- and it should appear in more than one series category. if (args.series_name2) then local seriesArgs = getMultipleSeriesNames(args) addRedirectTemplate("R from television episode", seriesArgs) else -- For scenarios where a series has a short web-based series ("minisodes"), -- and the redirects should be placed in the parent series category. -- Creating a seriesName variable here. This is needed since changing -- arg.series_name directly affects code in invoking module. local seriesName = args.series_name if (args.parent_series) then seriesName = args.parent_series end addRedirectTemplate("R from television episode", seriesName) end if (not (args.list or args.to_article or args.section)) then args.anchor = true end return main(args, "episode", validArgs) end --[[ Entry point for song redirects. --]] function p.setSongRedirect(frame) currentFrame = frame local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local args = getArgs(currentFrame) addRedirectTemplate("R from song", "printworthy") if (not (args.list or args.to_article or args.section)) then args.anchor = true end local redirectCategoryShell, mainRedirect, unknownParametersErrors = main(args, "song", {}) if (unknownParametersErrors) then return redirectCategoryShell .. unknownParametersErrors else return redirectCategoryShell end end --[[ Entry point for fictional object redirects. This includes character, element and location redirects. --]] function p.setFictionalObjectRedirect(args, objectType, validArgs) currentFrame = mw.getCurrentFrame() if (args.multi_series_name_table) then -- For scenarios where the redirect is a character that appears in several different series -- and it should appear in more than one series category. -- This parameter is used by franchise modules which handle multiple series fields. if (type(args.multi_series_name_table) == "table") then table.insert(debugTemplateUsedList, table.concat(args.multi_series_name_table, ", ")) addRedirectTemplate("R from fictional " .. objectType, args.multi_series_name_table) else error(errorList[MULTI_SERIES], 0) end elseif (args.series_name2) then -- For scenarios where the redirect is a character that appears in several different series -- and it should appear in more than one series category. local seriesArgs = getMultipleSeriesNames(args) addRedirectTemplate("R from fictional " .. objectType, seriesArgs) else addRedirectTemplate("R from fictional " .. objectType, args.series_name) end return main(args, objectType, validArgs) end return p 0f2w17gu7t6udnsidcw58a09mlsb47m 828 51950 307386 2026-09-07T18:16:10Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: require("strict") local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local p = {} --[[ Local function which handles all the shared character, element and location redirect handling code. --]] local function main(args, objectType, validArgs) local redirectTemplateHandler = require("Module:Redirect template handler") local redirectCategoryShell, mainRedirect, unknownParametersErrors = redirectTemplateHandler.setFictionalObjectRedirect(args, objectType, validArgs) if (unknow... 307386 Scribunto text/plain require("strict") local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local p = {} --[[ Local function which handles all the shared character, element and location redirect handling code. --]] local function main(args, objectType, validArgs) local redirectTemplateHandler = require("Module:Redirect template handler") local redirectCategoryShell, mainRedirect, unknownParametersErrors = redirectTemplateHandler.setFictionalObjectRedirect(args, objectType, validArgs) if (unknownParametersErrors) then return redirectCategoryShell .. unknownParametersErrors else return redirectCategoryShell end end --[[ Public function from other modules. Function handles the unique character redirect code. Do not merge with other sections to allow for future changes. --]] function p._character(args, validArgs) local additonalValidArgs = {"birth_name", "sort_name", "title_name"} for i = 1, #additonalValidArgs do table.insert(validArgs, additonalValidArgs[i]) end return main(args, "character", validArgs) end --[[ Public function from other modules. Function handles the unique element redirect code. Do not merge with other sections to allow for future changes. --]] function p._element(args, validArgs) return main(args, "element", validArgs) end --[[ Public function from other modules. Function handles the unique location redirect code. Do not merge with other sections to allow for future changes. --]] function p._location(args, validArgs) return main(args, "location", validArgs) end --[[ Public function which is used to create a Redirect category shell with relevant redirects for fictional character redirects. Parameters: See module documentation for details. --]] function p.character(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._character(args, {}) end --[[ Public function which is used to create a Redirect category shell with relevant redirects for fictional element redirects. Parameters: See module documentation for details. --]] function p.element(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._element(args, {}) end --[[ Public function which is used to create a Redirect category shell with relevant redirects for fictional location redirects. Parameters: See module documentation for details. --]] function p.location(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._location(args, {}) end return p 2uauoiy6qlczruodsanryme5bcvagyv 828 51951 307387 2026-09-07T18:17:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: require("strict") local p = {} local addManualCategory = false local currentFrame local categoryList = { ["SEASON_EPISODE_CATEGORY"] = "Category:%s (%s %s) episodes" } local TEMP_TRACKING_CATEGORY = "[[Category:Television episode redirect handler parameter usage tracking|%s]]" --[[ Helper function which creates a season category, checks if it exists and returns it if it does or an empty string if it doesn't. --]] local function getSeasonCategory(seriesName, seasonType, seas... 307387 Scribunto text/plain require("strict") local p = {} local addManualCategory = false local currentFrame local categoryList = { ["SEASON_EPISODE_CATEGORY"] = "Category:%s (%s %s) episodes" } local TEMP_TRACKING_CATEGORY = "[[Category:Television episode redirect handler parameter usage tracking|%s]]" --[[ Helper function which creates a season category, checks if it exists and returns it if it does or an empty string if it doesn't. --]] local function getSeasonCategory(seriesName, seasonType, seasonNumber) local seasonCategory = string.format(categoryList["SEASON_EPISODE_CATEGORY"], seriesName, seasonType, seasonNumber) if (mw.title.new(seasonCategory).exists) then return "[[" .. seasonCategory .. "]]" else return "" end end --[[ Local function which sets adds the primary episode redirect to a season category, if it exists. --]] local function getSeasonCategory(args) local seasonNumber local seasonType if (args.season_num) then seasonNumber = args.season_num seasonType = "season" elseif (args.season_num_uk) then seasonNumber = args.season_num_uk seasonType = "series" end local seasonCategory = "" if (args.series_name and seasonNumber) then seasonCategory = getSeasonCategory(args.series_name, seasonType, seasonNumber) if (seasonCategory == "") then local seriesNameNoDab = mw.ustring.gsub(args.series_name, "%s+%b()$", "") seasonCategory = getSeasonCategory(seriesNameNoDab, seasonType, seasonNumber) end end return seasonCategory end --[[ Local function which "Module:Sort title" to retrieve a sortkey and set it as the default sortkey. --]] local function getDefaultSortKey() local sortkeyModule = require("Module:Sort title") local sortkey = sortkeyModule._getSortKey() return currentFrame:preprocess{text = "{{DEFAULTSORT:" .. sortkey .. "}}"} end --[[ Local function which calls "Module:Television episode short description" to add a short description. --]] local function getShortDescription(args) local shortDescription = require("Module:Television episode short description")._getShortDescription return shortDescription(currentFrame, args) end --[[ Public function which is used to create a Redirect category shell with relevant redirects, and a short description for a television episode. A sort key is also added to the article. Parameters: See module documentation for details. --]] function p.main(frame) currentFrame = frame local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local args = getArgs(currentFrame) local redirectTemplateHandler = require("Module:Redirect template handler") local validArgs = {"season_num", "season_num_uk", "episode_num", "limited", "not_dab", "parent_series", "special"} local redirectCategoryShell, mainRedirect, unknownParametersErrors = redirectTemplateHandler.setEpisodeRedirect(args, validArgs) -- Used for testcases testing. if (args.test) then -- This is not the shell, but just the redirect template names that were used. return redirectCategoryShell end -- Only add a short description to the main redirect, -- and not to a crossover episode, as the short description isn't set up to handle it. local shortDescription = "" if (mainRedirect and not args.series_name2) then shortDescription = getShortDescription(args) end local defaultSortKey = getDefaultSortKey() local seasonCategory = getSeasonCategory(args) if (unknownParametersErrors) then return redirectCategoryShell .. "\n" .. shortDescription .. "\n" .. defaultSortKey .. "\n" .. seasonCategory .. unknownParametersErrors else return redirectCategoryShell .. "\n" .. shortDescription .. "\n" .. defaultSortKey .. "\n" .. seasonCategory end end return p 9zkpo34lqfflyjztzflxqsfl5rgmeov 828 51952 307388 2026-09-07T18:17:43Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: --- @module local television = {} --- Language (for capitalization) local lang = mw.language.new( "en" ) -- Unique suffix list. local uniqueSuffix = { [1] = "st", [2] = "nd", [3] = "rd", } -- Common suffix. local commonSuffix = "th" -- Test validation. local test = false local descriptions = { no_series = { type = 1, text = "Television episode", category = "[[Category:Television episode articles with short description with no series name|%s]]", }, only_series_nam... 307388 Scribunto text/plain --- @module local television = {} --- Language (for capitalization) local lang = mw.language.new( "en" ) -- Unique suffix list. local uniqueSuffix = { [1] = "st", [2] = "nd", [3] = "rd", } -- Common suffix. local commonSuffix = "th" -- Test validation. local test = false local descriptions = { no_series = { type = 1, text = "Television episode", category = "[[Category:Television episode articles with short description with no series name|%s]]", }, only_series_name = { type = 2, text = "Episode of %s", category = "[[Category:Television episode articles with short description with no season number|%s]]", }, season_and_series_name = { type = 3, text = "Episode of the %s %s of %s", category = "[[Category:Television episode articles with short description with no episode number|%s]]", }, single_episode = { type = 4, text = "%s episode of the %s %s of %s", category = "[[Category:Television episode articles with short description for single episodes|%s]]", }, multi_episodes = { type = 5, text = "%s episodes of the %s %s of %s", category = "[[Category:Television episode articles with short description for multi-part episodes|%s]]", }, limited_series = { type = 6, text = { single_episode = "%s episode of %s", multi_episodes = "%s episodes of %s", }, category = "", -- None }, special_episode = { type = 7, text = "%s episode of %s", category = "", -- None }, } -- Tracking category list. local trackingCategories = { disambiguated = "[[Category:Television episode articles with short description and disambiguated page names|%s]]" } --- Returns a tracking category from a list by its name and adds a sort key. --- @param typeName string The name of the category type. --- @param useTrackingList boolean Whether to return a category from the trackingCategories list. --- @param sortKey string The key by which to sort the page in the category. local function getTrackingCategoryFromList(typeName, useTrackingList, sortKey) local category if useTrackingList then category = trackingCategories[typeName] else category = descriptions[typeName].category end return string.format(category, sortKey) end --- Returns true if the article name is disambiguated. --- --- This is usually in the format of "Episode name (<TV series name>)" or "Episode name (<TV series name> episode)". --- @param articleTitle string The name of the page. --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. local function isDisambiguated(articleTitle, tvSeriesName) local disambiguation = string.match(tostring(articleTitle), "%s%((.-)%)") if not (disambiguation and tvSeriesName) then return false end -- Search for the TV series name in the article name disambiguation. if (string.find(disambiguation, tvSeriesName)) then return true end return false end --- Returns the sort key for the current page. local function getSortKey() local sortTitleModule = require("Module:Sort title") return sortTitleModule._getSortKey() end --- Returns a tracking category depending on the type of short description created. --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. --- @param descriptionName string local function getTrackingCategory(tvSeriesName, descriptionName) local articleTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local namespace = articleTitle.nsText -- Check if the invoking page is from the allowed namespace. if (not (namespace == "" or namespace == "Draft" or test)) then return "" end local sortKey = getSortKey() if (isDisambiguated(articleTitle, tvSeriesName) == true) then local category1 = getTrackingCategoryFromList(descriptionName, false, sortKey) local category2 = getTrackingCategoryFromList("disambiguated", true, sortKey) return category1 .. category2 end return getTrackingCategoryFromList(descriptionName, false, sortKey) end --- Returns a short description in the style of: "Television episode" and a maintenance category: --- "Category:Television episode articles with short description with no series name". local function getShortDescriptionNoSeries() local shortDescription = descriptions.no_series.text local category = getTrackingCategory(nil, "no_series") return shortDescription, category end --- Returns a short description in the style of: "Episode of Lost" and a maintenance category: --- "Category:Television episode articles with short description with no season number". --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. local function getShortDescriptionOnlySeriesName(tvSeriesName) local text = descriptions.only_series_name.text local shortDescription = string.format(text, tvSeriesName) local category = getTrackingCategory(tvSeriesName, "only_series_name") return shortDescription, category end --- Returns a short description in the style of: "Episode of the first season of Lost" and a maintenance category: --- "Category:Television episode articles with short description with no episode number". --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. --- @param seasonOrdinalNumber string The season's ordinal number. --- @param seasonTextStyle string The text to use for seasons - either "season" or "series". local function getShortDescriptionSeasonAndSeriesName(tvSeriesName, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle) local text = descriptions.season_and_series_name.text local shortDescription = string.format(text, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle, tvSeriesName) local category = getTrackingCategory(tvSeriesName, "season_and_series_name") return shortDescription, category end --- Returns a short description for a limited series in the style of: "1st episode of WandaVision" and a tracking category --- based on the categoryKey value. --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. --- @param episodeOrdinalNumber string The episode's ordinal number. --- @param descriptionName string A key from the descriptions table. local function getShortDescriptionLimitedSeries(tvSeriesName, episodeOrdinalNumber, descriptionName) local text = descriptions.limited_series.text[descriptionName] local shortDescription = string.format(text, episodeOrdinalNumber, tvSeriesName) local category = getTrackingCategory(tvSeriesName, descriptionName) return shortDescription, category end --- Returns a short description in the style of: "5th episode of the fourth season of Lost" and a tracking category: --- "Category:Television episode articles with short description for single episodes". --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. --- @param seasonOrdinalNumber string The season's ordinal number. --- @param seasonTextStyle string The text to use for seasons - either "season" or "series". --- @param episodeOrdinalNumber string The episode's ordinal number. --- @param limitedSeries boolean Whether the episode belongs to a limited series. local function getShortDescriptionSingleEpisode(tvSeriesName, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle, episodeOrdinalNumber, limitedSeries) if (limitedSeries) then return getShortDescriptionLimitedSeries(tvSeriesName, episodeOrdinalNumber,"single_episode") end local text = descriptions.single_episode.text local shortDescription = string.format(text, episodeOrdinalNumber, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle, tvSeriesName) local category = getTrackingCategory(tvSeriesName, "single_episode") return shortDescription, category end --- Returns a short description for a multi-part episode in the style of: --- "23rd and 24th episodes of the third season of Lost" and a tracking category: --- "Category:Television episode articles with short description for multi-part episodes". --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. --- @param seasonOrdinalNumber string The season's ordinal number. --- @param seasonTextStyle string The text to use for seasons - either "season" or "series". --- @param episodeOrdinalNumbers table A list of episode ordinal numbers. --- @param limitedSeries boolean Whether the episode belongs to a limited series. local function getShortDescriptionMultiEpisode(tvSeriesName, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle, episodeOrdinalNumbers, limitedSeries) local episodeText = mw.text.listToText(episodeOrdinalNumbers) if (limitedSeries) then return getShortDescriptionLimitedSeries(tvSeriesName, episodeText, "multi_episodes") end local text = descriptions.multi_episodes.text local shortDescription = string.format(text, episodeText, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle, tvSeriesName) local category = getTrackingCategory(tvSeriesName, "multi_episodes") return shortDescription, category end --- Returns a short description for a special episode in the style of: --- "Special episode of Lost" or "<value> episode of Lost" and a tracking category: --- "Category:Television episode articles with short description for single episodes". --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. --- @param special string The type of special episode. A "yes" value defaults to "Special". local function getShortDescriptionSpecialEpisode(tvSeriesName, special) if (special == "yes" or special == "y") then special = "Special" end local text = descriptions.special_episode.text local shortDescription = lang:ucfirst( string.format(text, special, tvSeriesName) ) local category = getTrackingCategory(tvSeriesName, "single_episode") return shortDescription, category end --- Returns a short description based on the description type passed. --- @param descriptionType number A description type number. --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. --- @param seasonOrdinalNumber string The season's ordinal number. --- @param seasonTextStyle string The text to use for seasons - either "season" or "series". --- @param episodeOrdinalNumbers table A list of episode ordinal numbers. --- @param specialEpisode string The type of special episode. --- @param limitedSeries boolean Whether the episode belongs to a limited series. local function getShortDescriptionByType( descriptionType, tvSeriesName, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle, episodeOrdinalNumbers, specialEpisode, limitedSeries) if descriptionType == descriptions.no_series.type then return getShortDescriptionNoSeries() elseif descriptionType == descriptions.only_series_name.type then return getShortDescriptionOnlySeriesName(tvSeriesName) elseif descriptionType == descriptions.season_and_series_name.type then return getShortDescriptionSeasonAndSeriesName(tvSeriesName, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle) elseif descriptionType == descriptions.single_episode.type then return getShortDescriptionSingleEpisode( tvSeriesName, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle, episodeOrdinalNumbers[1], limitedSeries) elseif descriptionType == descriptions.multi_episodes.type then return getShortDescriptionMultiEpisode( tvSeriesName, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle, episodeOrdinalNumbers, limitedSeries) elseif descriptionType == descriptions.special_episode.type then return getShortDescriptionSpecialEpisode(tvSeriesName, specialEpisode) else return "" end end --- Returns the type of the description to use. --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. --- @param seasonOrdinalNumber string The season's ordinal number. --- @param episodeOrdinalNumbers table A list of episode ordinal numbers. --- @param specialEpisode string The type of special episode. --- @param limitedSeries boolean Whether the episode belongs to a limited series. local function getDescriptionType(tvSeriesName, seasonOrdinalNumber, episodeOrdinalNumbers, specialEpisode, limitedSeries) if (not tvSeriesName) then return descriptions.no_series.type end if (specialEpisode) then return descriptions.special_episode.type end if (not seasonOrdinalNumber and not limitedSeries) then return descriptions.only_series_name.type end if (#episodeOrdinalNumbers < 1) then return descriptions.season_and_series_name.type end if (#episodeOrdinalNumbers == 1) then return descriptions.single_episode.type end if (#episodeOrdinalNumbers > 1) then return descriptions.multi_episodes.type end end --- Returns true if the TV series is a limited series. --- @param limitedSeries string Any value will be considered as true. --- @param tvSeriesNameDab string The disambiguation used in the series name article title. local function isLimitedSeries(limitedSeries, tvSeriesNameDab) if (limitedSeries) then return true end if tvSeriesNameDab and string.find(tvSeriesNameDab, "miniseries") then return true end return false end --- Returns the ordinal indicator for an integer between 0 and 100. --- --- Numbers "1", "2" and "3" have unique suffixes. --- Numbers between 4 and 20 have the same common suffix - "th". --- Numbers ending with 0 have the same common suffix - "th". --- @param number number A number value. local function getOrdinalIndicatorLessThan100(number) local suffix while (not suffix) do -- Check if the number equals 0; This should never be a valid entry. Assign suffix as an empty string. if (number == 0) then suffix = "" -- Check if the number is less than 4; Numbers "1", "2" and "3" have unique suffixes. elseif (number < 4) then suffix = uniqueSuffix[number] -- Check if the number is more than 4 AND less than 20; These numbers all have the same common suffix. elseif (number < 20) then suffix = commonSuffix -- Check if the remainder after division of the number by 10 equals 0. elseif (number % 10 == 0) then suffix = commonSuffix else -- Numbers that are above 20 and which their remainder doesn't equal 0 (such as 45). -- Remainder after division of the number by 10; So if the current number is 45, the new number is 5. number = number % 10 end end return suffix end --- Returns the ordinal indicator for an integer between 0 and 1000. --- @param number number A number value. local function getOrdinalIndicatorLessThan1000(number) if (number < 100) then return getOrdinalIndicatorLessThan100(number) elseif (number % 100 == 0) then return commonSuffix else -- Numbers that are above 100 and which their remainder doesn't equal 0 (such as 345). -- Pass the remainder after division of the number by 100 (So for 345, it would pass 45) as the parameter. return getOrdinalIndicatorLessThan100(number % 100) end end --- Returns a table of episode numbers. --- --- Episode values may be of multipart episodes, in such situations, an episode may be seperated by one of the following: --- ",", "/", "&", "-", "–", "and". --- Decimal values and episode overall values sometimes erroneously used are removed. --- @param number string A number value in string format. local function cleanEpisodeNumber(number) if (not number) then return {} end number = string.gsub(number, "%(.*%)", " ") number = string.gsub(number, "%.%d+", " ") local numbers = {} for digits in string.gmatch(number, "%d+") do table.insert(numbers, tonumber(digits)) end return numbers end --- Returns a table of episode ordinal numbers. --- --- In most situations there will be only one episode, but this can support more. --- @param episodeNumber number The episode's number. local function getEpisodeOrdinalNumbers(episodeNumber) local episodeNumbers = cleanEpisodeNumber(episodeNumber) if (#episodeNumbers < 1) then return episodeNumbers end local episodeOrdinals = {} for _, cleanedEpisodeNumber in pairs(episodeNumbers) do local ordinalIndicator = getOrdinalIndicatorLessThan1000(cleanedEpisodeNumber) table.insert(episodeOrdinals, cleanedEpisodeNumber .. ordinalIndicator) end return episodeOrdinals end --- Returns true if the season number value is a number. --- @param seasonNumber string The season number value in string format. local function validateSeasonNumber(seasonNumber) if (tonumber(seasonNumber)) then return true else return false end end --- Returns the season's ordinal number, or nil if no season number was set. --- @param seasonNumber string The season number. local function getSeasonOrdinalNumber(seasonNumber) if (seasonNumber) then local convertOrdinal = require("Module:Ordinal") return convertOrdinal._ordinal(seasonNumber) end return nil end --- Returns a season number after removing from it unwanted characters. --- --- This is done to make sure that no malformed season values have been entered. --- The function will remove all text which is not part of the first number in the string. --- --- The function converts entries such as: --- "1.2" -> "1" --- "12.2" -> "12" --- @param seasonNumber string The season number value in string format. local function cleanSeasonNumber(seasonNumber) if (seasonNumber) then return string.match(seasonNumber, "%d+") end return nil end --- Returns the season number after or cleaning it from unwanted values and validating value is a number. --- Also returns the text style to use - either "season" or "series". --- If no value was entered or if value was not a number, return nil. --- @param seasonNumber string The season number. --- @param seasonNumberUK string The season number, if UK style was used. local function getSeasonNumberAndTextStyle(seasonNumber, seasonNumberUK) for _, v in ipairs({{seasonNumber, "season"}, {seasonNumberUK, "series"}}) do local cleanedSeasonNumber = cleanSeasonNumber(v[1]) if (validateSeasonNumber(cleanedSeasonNumber)) then return cleanedSeasonNumber, v[2] end end return nil end --- Returns the TV series title without disambiguation, and the disambiguation, or nil if no TV series name was set. --- @param tvSeriesName string The TV series name. --- @param notDab string If set, the parenthesis in the title is not disambiguation. local function getTVSeriesName(tvSeriesName, notDab) if (tvSeriesName) then if (not notDab) then local title, disambiguation = string.match(tvSeriesName, "^(.+) %((.*)%)$") if not title then title = tvSeriesName end return title, disambiguation end return tvSeriesName, nil end return nil, nil end --- Returns the initial values after removing unwanted characters. --- @param args table The values that should be processed. local function cleanValues(args) for i, v in ipairs({"episode_num", "season_num", "season_num_uk", "series_name"}) do if (args[v]) then args[v] = args[v]:gsub("\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-(%a+)%-%x+%-QINU[^\127]*\127", "") -- Remove all strip-markers. args[v] = args[v]:gsub("</? *br */?>", " ") -- Replace <br /> (and variants) with space character. args[v] = args[v]:gsub("%b<>[^<]+%b<>", "") -- Remove html markup. args[v] = args[v]:gsub("%b<>", "") -- Remove self-closed html tags. if i ~= 4 then args[v] = args[v]:gsub("%[%[[^|]+|([^%]]+)%]%]", "%1") -- Remove wiki-link retain label. else args[v] = args[v]:gsub("%[%[([^|]+)|.*%]%]", "%1") -- Remove wiki-link retain article. end args[v] = args[v]:gsub("%[%[([^%]]+)%]%]", "%1") -- Remove wiki-link retain article. args[v] = args[v]:gsub("%[%S+ +([^%]]-)%]", "%1") -- Remove URLs retain label. args[v] = args[v]:gsub("%[[^%]]-%]", "") -- Remove all remaining URLs. if (args[v] == "") then -- Check if the value is an empty string. args[v] = nil -- The value is an empty string; Set it to nil. end end end return args end --- Public function - main process. --- @param frame table The frame invoking the module. --- @param args table The key-value parameters passed to the module. function television._getShortDescription(frame, args) args = cleanValues(args) local tvSeriesName, tvSeriesNameDab = getTVSeriesName(args.series_name, args.not_dab) local seasonNumber, seasonTextStyle = getSeasonNumberAndTextStyle(args.season_num, args.season_num_uk) local seasonOrdinalNumber = getSeasonOrdinalNumber(seasonNumber) local episodeOrdinalNumbers = getEpisodeOrdinalNumbers(args.episode_num) local limitedSeries = isLimitedSeries(args.limited, tvSeriesNameDab) local descriptionType = getDescriptionType( tvSeriesName, seasonOrdinalNumber, episodeOrdinalNumbers, args.special, limitedSeries ) local shortDescription, trackingCat = getShortDescriptionByType( descriptionType, tvSeriesName, seasonOrdinalNumber, seasonTextStyle, episodeOrdinalNumbers, args.special, limitedSeries ) -- Check if the invoking page is from /testcases or /doc pages. if (args.test) then return shortDescription, trackingCat elseif (args.doc) then return shortDescription else local tableData = {shortDescription, "noreplace"} return frame:expandTemplate({title = "short description", args = tableData}) .. trackingCat end end --- Public function which is used to create a television episode's short description --- from the data available in [Template:Infobox television episode]. --- A suitable description will be generated depending on the values of the various parameters. --- See documentation for examples. --- --- Parameters: --- |episode_num= — optional; The episode's number. --- |season_num= — optional; The season's number. --- |season_num_uk= — optional; The season's number if using the British "series" term. --- |series_name= — optional; The TV series name. --- |not_dab= — optional; Set if the TV series name has parentheses as part of its name. --- |special= — optional; Setting to "yes" will set the description as a "special episode". --- Any other value will replace the word "special" with the one entered. --- For example "special=recap" will create "recap episode". --- |limited= — optional; Set if the series is a single season series, such as miniseries or limited series --- and does not need a season number as part of the description. --- @param frame table The frame invoking the module. function television.getShortDescription(frame) local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) return television._getShortDescription(frame, args) end --- Public function which is used for testing output only. --- @param frame table The frame invoking the module. function television.test(frame) local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) test = args.test local shortDescription, categories = television._getShortDescription(frame, args) if (test == "cat") then return categories else return shortDescription end end return television 7gffbejbjdsyz92ovyapk14cxbmq067 10 51953 307389 2026-09-07T18:18:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 307389 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;s</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> chfodpjwfrvut1ze57xqs15szk36xbn 10 51954 307390 2026-09-07T18:19:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 307390 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="nowrap">&#39;s</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> pf50n7kghzlzwugbrnfkh6x1io3g4n9 10 51955 307391 2026-09-07T18:19:56Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> 307391 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> aih67vbma6favcp3xny6sxf1nr6t1tc 10 51956 307392 2026-09-07T18:20:38Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'<span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> 307392 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'<span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> 8jilzhsyibvlfnb4qe838h4c4o7byat 10 51957 307393 2026-09-07T18:21:43Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="padding-left:0.15em;">&#39;</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 307393 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-left:0.15em;">&#39;</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> m7lyox00ifui8ex83tn6adco67i9qk5 10 51958 307394 2026-09-07T18:22:24Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> 307394 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> aid5um3m25qayatcap1inrnh9hspejx 10 51959 307395 2026-09-07T18:22:56Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>'<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> 307395 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>'<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> 7nch9wxzgi5w7mqmet7g35f31s7jcvx 10 51960 307396 2026-09-07T18:24:33Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{{1|}}}&Prime;<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 307396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{1|}}}&Prime;<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ar5607zhi588ixqawpw0u3quas83e54 10 51961 307397 2026-09-07T18:25:13Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{{1|}}}<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:{{{sp|{{Italics correction/calc|{{{2|{{#invoke:String|pos|{{{1|f}}}|-1}}}}}}}}}};">{{{c|′}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 307397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{1|}}}<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:{{{sp|{{Italics correction/calc|{{{2|{{#invoke:String|pos|{{{1|f}}}|-1}}}}}}}}}};">{{{c|′}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> nt6amnmm1k6hf8nwacjzf2svhdz61d5 10 51962 307398 2026-09-07T18:25:37Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="padding-left:0.15em;">&#41;</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 307398 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-left:0.15em;">&#41;</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 898zu0dfnaeqb0cvghp0uhol4peiwsa 10 51963 307399 2026-09-07T18:26:38Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="padding-right:0.15em;">&#40;</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 307399 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-right:0.15em;">&#40;</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 0gang7my554urh3h9tknlx37tt275tz 10 51964 307400 2026-09-07T18:27:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<span style="padding-left:.15em;">'</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> 307400 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<span style="padding-left:.15em;">'</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> kh4ajgzbcd2yerdoajgaspwi67oveas 10 51965 307401 2026-09-07T18:27:42Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> 307401 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> ojmofv511ji52y5zk6s39zf3lu18t0r 10 51966 307402 2026-09-07T18:28:12Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span class="nowrap">&#39;</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 307402 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="nowrap">&#39;</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> kx31nt1no36ud7ja7pdd1fenct0o136 10 51967 307403 2026-09-07T18:29:52Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#invoke:Military navigation|main |name = {{safesubst:#if:{{{raw_name|}}} |{{{raw_name|}}} |{{safesubst:#if:{{{title|}}} |{{{name|}}} |}} }} |state = {{{state|}}} |border = {{{border|}}} |title = <span style="line-height:1.6em">{{safesubst:#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{{name}}}}}</span> |bodyclass = {{{bodyclass|}}} |listclass = {{{listclass|}}} |list1 = {{{battles|{{{list1|}}}}}} |below = {{{notes|}}} }}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|Category:Campaignbox templat... 307403 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Military navigation|main |name = {{safesubst:#if:{{{raw_name|}}} |{{{raw_name|}}} |{{safesubst:#if:{{{title|}}} |{{{name|}}} |}} }} |state = {{{state|}}} |border = {{{border|}}} |title = <span style="line-height:1.6em">{{safesubst:#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title}}}|{{{name}}}}}</span> |bodyclass = {{{bodyclass|}}} |listclass = {{{listclass|}}} |list1 = {{{battles|{{{list1|}}}}}} |below = {{{notes|}}} }}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|[[Category:Campaignbox templates]]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 5lj86pg7472gdpi28yyw5iusd7ib92v 828 51968 307404 2026-09-07T18:33:35Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- Module:WikitextParser is a general-purpose wikitext parser -- Documentation and master version: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:WikitextParser -- Authors: User:Sophivorus, User:Certes, User:Aidan9382, et al. -- License: CC-BY-SA-4.0 local str_find, str_sub, str_match = string.find, string.sub, string.match local str_gsub, str_gmatch, str_rep = string.gsub, string.gmatch, string.rep local str_lower = string.lower local table_insert, table_concat = table.insert, table.conc... 307404 Scribunto text/plain -- Module:WikitextParser is a general-purpose wikitext parser -- Documentation and master version: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:WikitextParser -- Authors: User:Sophivorus, User:Certes, User:Aidan9382, et al. -- License: CC-BY-SA-4.0 local str_find, str_sub, str_match = string.find, string.sub, string.match local str_gsub, str_gmatch, str_rep = string.gsub, string.gmatch, string.rep local str_lower = string.lower local table_insert, table_concat = table.insert, table.concat -- Private helper method to escape a string for use in regexes local function escapeString( str ) return str_gsub( str, '[%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%%]', '%%%0' ) end -- Fast gsplit (a la mw.text.gsplit) for fixed ASCII separators local function str_gsplit( str, sep ) if sep == "" or str_find( sep, "[\128-\255]" ) then error( "Separator must be ASCII and cannot be empty" ) end local i, str1 = 1, str .. sep return function() local s, e = str_find( str1, sep, i, true ) if not s then return s end local t = i i = e + 1 return str_sub( str1, t, s - 1 ) end end -- Fast dedicated two-way split (a la mw.text.split) for fixed ASCII separators local function str_split2( str, sep ) if sep == "" or str_find( sep, "[\128-\255]" ) then error( "Separator must be ASCII and cannot be empty" ) end local s, e = str_find( str, sep, 1, true ) if not s then return str end return str_sub( str, 1, s - 1 ), str_sub( str, e + 1 ) end -- Fast whitespace trim (a la mw.text.trim) local function str_trim( str ) return str_match( str, '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) end local parser = {} -- Get the lead section from the given wikitext -- The lead section is any content before the first section title. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Wikitext of the lead section. May be empty if the lead section is empty. function parser.getLead( wikitext ) wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '\n==.*', '' ) wikitext = str_trim( wikitext ) return wikitext end -- Get the sections from the given wikitext -- This method doesn't get the lead section, use getLead for that -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Map from section title to section content function parser.getSections( wikitext ) local sections = {} wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n==' for title in str_gmatch( wikitext, '\n==+ *([^=]-) *==+' ) do local section = str_match( wikitext, '\n==+ *' .. escapeString( title ) .. ' *==+(.-)\n==' ) section = str_trim( section ) sections[ title ] = section end return sections end -- Get a section from the given wikitext (including any subsections) -- If the given section title appears more than once, only the section of the first instance will be returned -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @param title Required. Title of the section -- @return Wikitext of the section, or nil if it isn't found. May be empty if the section is empty or contains only subsections. function parser.getSection( wikitext, title ) title = str_trim( title ) title = escapeString( title ) wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n' local level level, wikitext = str_match( wikitext, '\n(==+) *' .. title .. ' *==.-\n(.*)' ) if wikitext then local nextSection = '\n==' .. str_rep( '=?', #level - 2 ) .. '[^=].*' wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, nextSection, '' ) -- remove later sections at this level or higher wikitext = str_trim( wikitext ) return wikitext end end -- Get the content of a <section> tag from the given wikitext. -- We can't use getTags because unlike all other tags, both opening and closing <section> tags are self-closing. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @param name Required. Name of the <section> tag -- @return Content of the <section> tag, or nil if it isn't found. May be empty if the section tag is empty. function parser.getSectionTag( wikitext, name ) name = str_trim( name ) name = escapeString( name ) local sections = {} for section in str_gmatch( wikitext, '< *section +begin *= *["\']? *' .. name .. ' *["\']? */>(.-)< *section +end= *["\']? *'.. name ..' *["\']? */>' ) do table_insert( sections, section ) end if #sections > 0 then return table_concat( sections ) end end -- Get the lists from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of lists. function parser.getLists( wikitext ) local lists = {} wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n\n' for list in str_gmatch( wikitext, '\n([*#].-)\n[^*#]' ) do table_insert( lists, list ) end return lists end -- Get the paragraphs from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of paragraphs. function parser.getParagraphs( wikitext ) local paragraphs = {} -- Remove non-paragraphs wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n' -- add newlines to simplfy patterns wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]<!%-%-.-%-%->%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove comments wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%[%b[]%]%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove files and categories wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%b{} *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove tables and block templates wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%b{} *%b{} *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove neighboring tables and block templates wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%b{} *<!%-%-.-%-%-> *%b{} *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove neighboring tables and block templates with a comment among them wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n][*#].-%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove lists wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]==+[^=]+==+ *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove section titles wikitext = str_trim( wikitext ) for paragraph in str_gsplit( wikitext, "\n\n" ) do paragraph = str_trim( paragraph ) if paragraph ~= "" then -- Filter out 3+ consecutive newlines table_insert( paragraphs, paragraph ) end end return paragraphs end -- Get the templates from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of templates. function parser.getTemplates( wikitext ) local templates = {} for template in str_gmatch( wikitext, '{%b{}}' ) do if str_sub( template, 1, 3 ) ~= '{{#' then -- skip parser functions like #if table_insert( templates, template ) end end return templates end -- Get the requested template from the given wikitext. -- If the template appears more than once, only the first instance will be returned -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @param name Name of the template to get -- @return Wikitext of the template, or nil if it wasn't found function parser.getTemplate( wikitext, name ) local templates = parser.getTemplates( wikitext ) local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() for _, template in ipairs( templates ) do local templateName = parser.getTemplateName( template ) if lang:ucfirst( templateName ) == lang:ucfirst( name ) then return template end end end -- Get name of the template from the given template wikitext. -- @param templateWikitext Required. Wikitext of the template to parse. -- @return Name of the template -- @todo Strip "Template:" namespace? function parser.getTemplateName( templateWikitext ) return str_match( templateWikitext, '^{{ *([^}|\n]+)' ) end -- Get the parameters from the given template wikitext. -- @param templateWikitext Required. Wikitext of the template to parse. -- @return Map from parameter names to parameter values, NOT IN THE ORIGINAL ORDER. -- @return Order in which the parameters were parsed. function parser.getTemplateParameters( templateWikitext ) local parameters = {} local paramOrder = {} local params = str_match( templateWikitext, '{{[^|}]-|(.*)}}' ) if params then -- Temporarily replace pipes in subtemplates and links to avoid chaos for subtemplate in str_gmatch( params, '{%b{}}' ) do params = str_gsub( params, escapeString( subtemplate ), str_gsub( subtemplate, '.', { ['%']='%%', ['|']="@@:@@", ['=']='@@_@@' } ) ) end for link in str_gmatch( params, '%[%b[]%]' ) do params = str_gsub( params, escapeString( link ), str_gsub( link, '.', { ['%']='%%', ['|']='@@:@@', ['=']='@@_@@' } ) ) end local count = 0 local name, value for param in str_gsplit( params, '|' ) do name, value = str_split2( param, '=' ) if value then local number = tonumber( name ) if number then --XXX: What about keys like: 01, .1, 2e0, etc. name = number end value = str_trim( value ) else value = name count = count + 1 name = count end value = str_gsub( value, '@@_@@', '=' ) value = str_gsub( value, '@@:@@', '|' ) parameters[ name ] = value table_insert( paramOrder, name ) end end return parameters, paramOrder end -- Get the tags from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of tags. function parser.getTags( wikitext ) local tags = {} local tag, tagName, tagEnd -- Don't match closing tags like </div>, comments like <!--foo-->, comparisons like 1<2 or things like <3 for tagStart, tagOpen in str_gmatch( wikitext, '()(<[^/!%d].->)' ) do tagName = parser.getTagName( tagOpen ) -- If we're in a self-closing tag, like <ref name="foo" />, <references/>, <br/>, <br>, <hr>, etc. if str_match( tagOpen, '<.-/>' ) or tagName == 'br' or tagName == 'hr' then tag = tagOpen -- If we're in a tag that may contain others like it, like <div> or <span> elseif tagName == 'div' or tagName == 'span' then local position = tagStart + #tagOpen - 1 local depth = 1 while depth > 0 do tagEnd = str_match( wikitext, '</ ?' .. tagName .. ' ?>()', position ) if tagEnd then tagEnd = tagEnd - 1 else break -- unclosed tag end position = str_match( wikitext, '()< ?' .. tagName .. '[ >]', position + 1 ) if not position then position = tagEnd + 1 end if position > tagEnd then depth = depth - 1 else depth = depth + 1 end end tag = str_sub( wikitext, tagStart, tagEnd ) -- Else we're probably in tag that shouldn't contain others like it, like <math> or <strong> else tagEnd = str_match( wikitext, '</ ?' .. tagName .. ' ?>()', tagStart ) if tagEnd then tag = str_sub( wikitext, tagStart, tagEnd - 1 ) -- If no end tag is found, assume we matched something that wasn't a tag, like <no. 1> else tag = nil end end table_insert( tags, tag ) end return tags end -- Get the name of the tag in the given wikitext -- @param tag Required. Tag to parse. -- @return Name of the tag or nil if not found function parser.getTagName( tagWikitext ) local tagName = str_match( tagWikitext, '^< *(.-)[ />]' ) if tagName then tagName = str_lower( tagName ) end return tagName end -- Get the value of an attribute in the given tag. -- @param tagWikitext Required. Wikitext of the tag to parse. -- @param attribute Required. Name of the attribute. -- @return Value of the attribute or nil if not found function parser.getTagAttribute( tagWikitext, attribute ) local _, value = str_match( tagWikitext, '^<[^/>]*' .. attribute .. ' *= *(["\']?)([^/>]-)%1[ />]' ) return value end -- Get the content of the given tag. -- @param tagWikitext Required. Wikitext of the tag to parse. -- @return Content of the tag. May be empty if the tag is empty. Will be nil if the tag is self-closing. -- @todo May fail with nested tags function parser.getTagContent( tagWikitext ) return str_match( tagWikitext, '^<.->.-</.->' ) end -- Get the <gallery> tags from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of gallery tags. function parser.getGalleries( wikitext ) local galleries = {} local tags = parser.getTags( wikitext ) for _, tag in ipairs( tags ) do local tagName = parser.getTagName( tag ) if tagName == 'gallery' then table_insert( galleries, tag ) end end return galleries end -- Get the <ref> tags from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of ref tags. function parser.getReferences( wikitext ) local references = {} local tags = parser.getTags( wikitext ) for _, tag in ipairs( tags ) do local tagName = parser.getTagName( tag ) if tagName == 'ref' then table_insert( references, tag ) end end return references end -- Get the reference with the given name from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @param referenceName Required. Name of the reference. -- @return Wikitext of the reference function parser.getReference( wikitext, referenceName ) local references = parser.getReferences( wikitext ) for _, reference in ipairs( references ) do local content = parser.getTagContent( reference ) local name = parser.getTagAttribute( reference, 'name' ) if content and name == referenceName then return reference end end end -- Get the tables from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of tables. function parser.getTables( wikitext ) local tables = {} wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext for t in str_gmatch( wikitext, '\n%b{}' ) do if str_sub( t, 1, 3 ) == '\n{|' then t = str_trim( t ) -- exclude the leading newline table_insert( tables, t ) end end return tables end -- Get the id from the given table wikitext -- @param tableWikitext Required. Wikitext of the table to parse. -- @param attribute Required. Name of the attribute. -- @return Value of the attribute or nil if not found function parser.getTableAttribute( tableWikitext, attribute ) local _, value = str_match( tableWikitext, '^{|[^\n]*' .. attribute .. ' *= *(["\']?)([^\n]-)%1[^\n]*\n' ) if not value or value == '' then value = str_match( tableWikitext, '^{|[^\n]*' .. attribute .. ' *= *([^\n ]+)[^\n]*\n' ) end return value end -- Get a table by id from the given wikitext -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @param id Required. Id of the table -- @return Wikitext of the table or nil if not found function parser.getTable( wikitext, id ) local tables = parser.getTables( wikitext ) for _, t in ipairs( tables ) do if id == parser.getTableAttribute( t, 'id' ) then return t end end end -- Get the data from the given table wikitext -- @param tableWikitext Required. Wikitext of the table to parse. -- @return Table data -- @todo Test and make more robust function parser.getTableData( tableWikitext ) local tableData = {} tableWikitext = str_trim( tableWikitext ); tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '^{|.-\n', '' ) -- remove the header tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '\n|}$', '' ) -- remove the footer tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '^|%+.-\n', '' ) -- remove any caption tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '|%-.-\n', '|-\n' ) -- remove any row attributes tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '^|%-\n', '' ) -- remove any leading empty row tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '\n|%-$', '' ) -- remove any trailing empty row for rowWikitext in str_gsplit( tableWikitext, '|-' ) do local rowData = {} rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '||', '\n|' ) rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '!!', '\n|' ) rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '\n!', '\n|' ) rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '^!', '\n|' ) rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '^\n|', '' ) for cellWikitext in str_gsplit( rowWikitext, '\n|' ) do cellWikitext = str_trim( cellWikitext ) table_insert( rowData, cellWikitext ) end table_insert( tableData, rowData ) end return tableData end -- Get the internal links from the given wikitext (includes category and file links). -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of internal links. function parser.getLinks( wikitext ) local links = {} for link in str_gmatch( wikitext, '%[%b[]%]' ) do table_insert( links, link ) end return links end -- Get the file links from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of file links. function parser.getFiles( wikitext ) local files = {} local links = parser.getLinks( wikitext ) for _, link in ipairs( links ) do local namespace = str_match( link, '^%[%[ *(.-) *:' ) if namespace and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ] and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ].canonicalName == 'File' then table_insert( files, link ) end end return files end -- Get name of the file from the given file wikitext. -- @param fileWikitext Required. Wikitext of the file to parse. -- @return Name of the file function parser.getFileName( fileWikitext ) return str_match( fileWikitext, '^%[%[ *.- *: *(.-) *[]|]' ) end -- Get the category links from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of category links. function parser.getCategories( wikitext ) local categories = {} local links = parser.getLinks( wikitext ) for _, link in ipairs( links ) do local namespace = str_match( link, '^%[%[ -(.-) -:' ) if namespace and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ] and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ].canonicalName == 'Category' then table_insert( categories, link ) end end return categories end -- Get the external links from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of external links. function parser.getExternalLinks( wikitext ) local links = {} for link in str_gmatch( wikitext, '%b[]' ) do if str_match( link, '^%[//' ) or str_match( link, '^%[https?://' ) then table_insert( links, link ) end end return links end return parser 8oo8kkwmxzfrxnf9u75t11bzou01ngh 828 51969 307406 2026-09-07T18:37:49Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template|small=yes}} */ .maint-cat-progress { border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); border-spacing: 3px; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); padding: 0.4em; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.5em 0; } .maint-cat-progress-header { background-color: #ddf; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; } .maint-cat-progress-refresh { text-align: center; } .maint-cat-progress-subtotals { width: 100%... 307406 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template|small=yes}} */ .maint-cat-progress { border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); border-spacing: 3px; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); padding: 0.4em; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.5em 0; } .maint-cat-progress-header { background-color: #ddf; padding: 0.2em; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; } .maint-cat-progress-refresh { text-align: center; } .maint-cat-progress-subtotals { width: 100%; } .maint-cat-progress-subtotals caption { font-weight: bold; text-align: left; } .maint-cat-progress-subtotals .mw-collapsible-toggle { float: right; } .maint-cat-progress-subtotals th, .maint-cat-progress-subtotals td { vertical-align: top; } .maint-cat-progress-subtotals tr td:nth-child(2) { text-align: right; } .maint-cat-progress-total-row { font-size: 110%; font-weight: bold; display: flex; } .maint-cat-progress-total-label { flex: 1; } .maint-cat-progress-total { padding-right: 0.2em; } @media (min-width: 720px) { .maint-cat-progress { width: 22em; } .maint-cat-progress-left { /* @noflip */ float: left; /* @noflip */ clear: left; /* @noflip */ margin-right: 1em; } .maint-cat-progress-right { /* @noflip */ margin-left: 1em; /* @noflip */ float: right; /* @noflip */ clear: right; } .maint-cat-progress-center { margin: 0.5em auto; } } @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .maint-cat-progress-header { background-color: #003; } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .maint-cat-progress-header { background-color: #003; } } 7y1m3axw6zw4sdp2guxgt26bcnr0b3b 828 51970 307409 2026-09-07T18:42:28Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ @media all and (max-width: 720px) { .mod-gallery { width: 100% !important; } } .mod-gallery { display: table; } .mod-gallery-default { background: transparent; margin-top: 4px; } .mod-gallery-center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } /* The outer container uses a float, it allows text to be on the side of the gallery But it can't align multi-row galleries by itself. */ .mod-gallery-left { float: left; } .mod-gallery-right { float... 307409 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ @media all and (max-width: 720px) { .mod-gallery { width: 100% !important; } } .mod-gallery { display: table; } .mod-gallery-default { background: transparent; margin-top: 4px; } .mod-gallery-center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } /* The outer container uses a float, it allows text to be on the side of the gallery But it can't align multi-row galleries by itself. */ .mod-gallery-left { float: left; } .mod-gallery-right { float: right; } .mod-gallery-none { float: none; } /* The inner <ul> is a flex container, and we use it to align multi-row galleries. */ .mod-gallery-center .gallery { justify-content: center; } .mod-gallery-left .gallery { justify-content: left; } .mod-gallery-right .gallery { justify-content: right; } .mod-gallery-collapsible { width: 100%; } .mod-gallery .title, .mod-gallery .main, .mod-gallery .footer { display: table-row; } .mod-gallery .title > div { display: table-cell; padding: 0 4px 4px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; } .mod-gallery .main > div { display: table-cell; } .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery { line-height: 1.35em; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; column-gap: 4px; } .mod-gallery .footer > div { display: table-cell; padding: 4px; text-align: right; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1em; } .mod-gallery .title > div *, .mod-gallery .footer > div * { overflow: visible; } .mod-gallery .gallerybox img { background: none !important; } .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img { outline: solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0) 1px; } .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb { background: var( --background-color-base, #fff ) !important; } /* skin-invert-image is encoded as \200b\200b\200b */ /* bg-transparent is encoded as \200b\200b\200c */ @media screen { /* As skin-invert-image also invert the border color we have to use a light color to get a darker border */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*='\200b\200b\200b'], html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img /* when wrapped around .skin-invert-image */ { outline: solid #d7d7d7 1px; } /* when wrapped around .skin-invert-image */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img { background: none !important; } /* white background fallback for darkmode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*='\200b\200b\200b']):not([alt*='\200b\200b\200c']) { background: white !important; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b\200b\200b"] { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { /* As skin-invert-image also invert the border color we have to use a light color to get a darker border */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*='\200b\200b\200b'], html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img /* when wrapped around .skin-invert-image */ { outline: solid #d7d7d7 1px; } /* when wrapped around .skin-invert-image */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img { background: none !important; } /* white background fallback for darkmode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*='\200b\200b\200b']):not([alt*='\200b\200b\200c']) { background: white !important; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b\200b\200b"] { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); } } pmayxaxaxnqg34eidvuyd6e29ppl9ak 15 51971 307412 2026-09-07T19:04:34Z ~2026-48516-21 47297 /* waxaa jirtey boqortooya la dhihi jirey boqortooyadii gasaargude makaga hadashey bogaaga */ qayb cusub 307412 wikitext text/x-wiki == waxaa jirtey boqortooya la dhihi jirey boqortooyadii gasaargude makaga hadashey bogaaga == waa in dib lagu laabtaa si wixii ka dhiman loo soo galiya bogaan waxa ka baarey taariikhda somalia balse sidii loo bahnaa looma hadlin marka ii dib lagu bibaa [[Special:Contributions/~2026-48516-21|~2026-48516-21]] ([[User talk:~2026-48516-21|wadahadal]]) 19:04, 7 Sebteembar 2026 (UTC) 44brdz0w1xhwpggzhp9d77m61wffhnk 307413 307412 2026-09-07T19:14:01Z ~2026-48516-21 47297 /* waxaa jirtey boqortooya la dhihi jirey boqortooyadii gasaargude hadaba maxaa ka taqanaa boqortooyadii gasaargude 307413 wikitext text/x-wiki == waxaa jirtey boqortooya la dhihi jirey boqortooyadii gasaargude makaga h == Boqortooyadii/Saldanaddii Gasaargude waxay ahayd awood siyaasadeed oo taariikhi ah oo xarunteedu ahayd Luuq (Gedo), agagaarka Webiga Jubba, laguna xiriiriyo bulshada Reewin/Rahanweyn. Ilaha taariikhiga ah waxay tilmaamayaan in Luuq ay ahayd xarun ganacsi iyo ciidan oo muhiim ah. � Wikipedia +1 🏰 Gasaargude maxay ahayd? Xarunta: Luuq Aw-Maadow/Luuq Ganaane. Hoggaanka: Hoggaamiyaha waxaa lagu yaqaanay Garaad, halkii laga isticmaali lahaa magaca Suldaan meelaha qaar. Garaad Kalafow (Aw-Maadow) ayaa lagu xusaa inuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii hore ee Luuq; qoraallo taariikheed ayaa ku taariikheeya xukunkiisa qarnigii 15aad. � Laashin Luuq waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi, iyadoo ganacsigu isku xiriirinayay gudaha Soomaaliya iyo dhulka Itoobiya. � Wikipedia Waxaa jiray nidaam maamul oo ay Garaadku madax ka ahaa, halka madax-dhaqameedyo kale ay matalayeen beelaha kala duwan. � Scribd ⚔️ Awooddeeda Gasaargude waxay awood ku yeelatay dhulka ku dhow Jubbooyinka, Gedo iyo qaybo ka mid ah dhulka Reewin. Luuq waxay ahayd meel istiraatiiji ah oo ciidan iyo ganacsi ah. Qoraallo ku saabsan Luuq waxay sheegayaan in magaalada ay lahayd dhismayaal, masaajidyo iyo difaacyo, ayna ahayd xarun ciidan. � Wikipedia +1 Waxaa sidoo kale jira qoraallo sheegaya dagaallo ay Gasaargude la galeen kooxo iyo boqortooyooyin kale oo deegaanka ah, laakiin taariikhaha iyo faahfaahinta dagaallada qaarkood ilaha way isku khilaafaan, sidaas darteed waa in si taxaddar leh loo qaataa. 👑 Garaad Kalafow Magaca ugu caansan ee sheekooyinka taariikhda Gasaargude waa Garaad Kalafow. Waxaa lagu sheegay inuu Luuq ka dhisay awood siyaasadeed, canshuur ururiyay, isla markaana Luuq ka dhigay xarun ay dadka dacwadaha iyo arrimaha siyaasadeed ugu soo laabtaan. � Laashin Hal-ku-dhegyo lala xiriiriyo xukunka Luuq waxaa ka mid ah: “Doo leedey Luuq Seew” — oo loo fasiray in qofkii dacwo ama cabasho qaba uu Luuq u tago. Sidoo kale waxaa la yiri “Gasaargude waa Gob Reewin.” � Laashin Laakiin muhiim: Qaar ka mid ah taariikhaha, nasabka iyo sheegashooyinka ku saabsan baaxadda boqortooyada Gasaargude waxay ka yimaadaan qoraallo beeleed/af-dhaqameed, mana aha dhammaantood kuwo ay isku raacsan yihiin taariikhyahannada. Sidaas darteed waa muhiim in la kala saaro taariikhda la diiwaangeliyey iyo sooyaalka afka ah. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-48516-21|~2026-48516-21]] ([[User talk:~2026-48516-21|wadahadal]]) 19:04, 7 Sebteembar 2026 (UTC) 5tmr9ljposvpjy31uw7n90kjzfwflgm 307418 307413 2026-09-07T20:03:56Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu qoraalka ku badalay "{{Talk header}}" 307418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} 6ujz0t3lkt6jsf7d1r360l6l7wj3njb 0 51972 307437 2026-09-07T20:49:18Z Soalt 39618 Soalt la wareejiyay bogga [[Faxfax (cunto)]] ilaa [[Maraq]] iyadoo la dul mariyay sii toosin 307437 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Maraq]] dvp791g1bfk7esl0a5z67lac4yokd3c 10 51975 307468 2026-09-07T22:11:55Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <noinclude>{{s-start}} </noinclude>|- | style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="{{{rows|1}}}"|'''{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}} |award = New award |assembly = New assembly |championship = New championship |chart = New chart |command = New command |constituency = New constituency |convention = New convention |creation = New creation |dicastery = New dicastery |department = New department |diocese = New diocese |district =... 307468 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{s-start}} </noinclude>|- | style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="{{{rows|1}}}"|'''{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}} |award = New award |assembly = New assembly |championship = New championship |chart = New chart |command = New command |constituency = New constituency |convention = New convention |creation = New creation |dicastery = New dicastery |department = New department |diocese = New diocese |district = New district |division = New division |institution = New institution |first = First |forum = New forum |loss = Loss of title |minister = New ministerial post |office = New office |parliament = New parliament |party = New political party |post = New post |programme = New programme |regiment = New regiment |riding = New riding |seat = New seat |tv = New television show |show = New show |sports = New sporting event |unit = New unit |university = New university |#default = Cinwaan cusub }}'''{{#if:{{{reason<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|<br><div style="font-size:90%">{{{reason}}}</div>}}<noinclude> {{s-end}} {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here. --> </noinclude> be821lwfawrwemy9gcfc8krht59755r 828 51976 307471 2026-09-07T22:21:00Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: .listen .side-box-text { line-height: 1.1em; } .listen-plain { border: none; background: transparent; } .listen-embedded { width: 100%; margin: 0; border-width: 1px 0 0 0; background: transparent; } .listen-header { padding: 2px; } .listen-embedded .listen-header { padding: 2px 0; } .listen-file-header { padding: 4px 0; } .listen .description { padding-top: 2px; } .listen .mw-tmh-player { max-width: 100%; } /* have to deal with Vector suboptimal */ @media (max... 307471 sanitized-css text/css .listen .side-box-text { line-height: 1.1em; } .listen-plain { border: none; background: transparent; } .listen-embedded { width: 100%; margin: 0; border-width: 1px 0 0 0; background: transparent; } .listen-header { padding: 2px; } .listen-embedded .listen-header { padding: 2px 0; } .listen-file-header { padding: 4px 0; } .listen .description { padding-top: 2px; } .listen .mw-tmh-player { max-width: 100%; } /* have to deal with Vector suboptimal */ @media (max-width: 719px) { .listen { clear: both; } } @media (min-width: 720px) { .listen:not(.listen-noimage) { width: 320px; } /* left/right (core template takes care of right)/center mutually exclusive */ .listen-left { /* TODO: Understand why this overflow is here. */ overflow: visible; float: left; } .listen-center { float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } } 7jifncgj6yjcq30bmlynloik5fm3j57 828 51977 307472 2026-09-07T22:22:46Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- This module implements [[Template:Team appearances list]]. local p = {} local data_competitions local data_old_names local function load_data(frame) -- Load data module (or its sandbox) and set variables from its exported data. if not data_competitions then frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() local sandbox = frame:getTitle():find('sandbox', 1, true) and '/sandbox' or '' local datamod = mw.loadData('Module:Team appearances list/data' .. sandbox) data_competitions... 307472 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements [[Template:Team appearances list]]. local p = {} local data_competitions local data_old_names local function load_data(frame) -- Load data module (or its sandbox) and set variables from its exported data. if not data_competitions then frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() local sandbox = frame:getTitle():find('sandbox', 1, true) and '/sandbox' or '' local datamod = mw.loadData('Module:Team appearances list/data' .. sandbox) data_competitions = datamod.competitions data_old_names = datamod.old_names end end local function strip_to_nil(text) -- If text is a string, return its trimmed content, or nil if empty. -- Otherwise return text (which may, for example, be nil). if type(text) == 'string' then text = text:match('(%S.-)%s*$') end return text end local function make_options(args) -- Return table of options from validated args or throw error. local options = {} local function valid_integer(name, min, max, is_optional) local arg = args[name] if arg == nil or arg == '' then if is_optional then return nil end error('Parameter ' .. name .. ' is missing') end arg = tonumber(arg) if type(arg) ~= 'number' then error('Parameter ' .. name .. ' is not a number') end if math.floor(arg) ~= arg then error('Parameter ' .. name .. ' is not an integer') end if not (min <= arg and arg <= max) then error('Parameter ' .. name .. ' is not valid') end return arg end local function valid_text(name) local arg = args[name] if arg == nil or arg == '' then error('Parameter ' .. name .. ' is missing') end if type(arg) ~= 'string' then error('Parameter ' .. name .. ' is not a string') end return arg end options.competition = valid_text('competition') options.team = valid_text('team') -- Check ROC/TPE if options.team=='Republic of China' then local pageYear = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, '[%d]+')) -- mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text:match('^%d+') if pageYear and pageYear > 1950 and pageYear < 1980 then options.team = 'Chinese Taipei' end end -- end of ROC/TPE check options.competitions = data_competitions[options.competition] or data_competitions[data_old_names[options.competition]] local begin_optional if options.competitions then begin_optional = true else options.interval = valid_integer('interval', 1, 30) end options.begin_year = valid_integer('begin_year', 1800, 2100, begin_optional) options.end_year = valid_integer('end_year', 1800, 2100, true) if options.begin_year and options.end_year then if options.begin_year > options.end_year then error('Parameter end_year must not be before begin_year') end end options.disqualified_year = valid_integer('disqualified_year', 1800, 2100, true) return options end local function extract_range(text) -- Return first (if text is a single year), or first, last if a range. -- The returned values are numbers. -- Return nothing if text is invalid. local year = text:match('^(%d+)$') if year then if #year == 4 then return tonumber(year) end return end local first, dash, last = text:match('^(%d+)(%D+)(%d+)$') if not (first and #first == 4) then return end dash = strip_to_nil(dash) if not (dash == '-' or dash == '–') then return end if #last ~= 4 then if #last == 2 then last = first:sub(1, 2) .. last else return end end first = tonumber(first) last = tonumber(last) if first < last then return first, last elseif first == last then return first end end local function competition_absences(data) -- Return two tables with absent years and absent year ranges. -- Parameter data is an array of strings from template parameters, or -- numbers or strings from built-in data. -- Parameters that are blank or not numbers or strings are ignored. local absent_years, absent_ranges = {}, {} for _, item in ipairs(data) do if type(item) == 'number' then absent_years[item] = true else item = strip_to_nil(item) if type(item) == 'string' then local first, last = extract_range(item) if not first then error('Year ' .. item .. ' is not valid') end if last then table.insert(absent_ranges, {first, last}) else absent_years[first] = true end end end end return absent_years, absent_ranges end local function competition_information(args) -- Return four tables with competition and team information: -- * List of competition years that the team attended or could have attended. -- * Table of disqualified years (the team was absent, but there is an -- article regarding the absent year). -- * Table of absent years (when the team did not attend). -- * List of pairs of years (absent for each year in range, inclusive). local options = make_options(args) local absences local comp_years = {} local begin_year = options.begin_year local end_year = options.end_year local disqualified_year = options.disqualified_year local competitions = options.competitions if competitions then absences = competitions[options.team] or competitions[data_old_names[options.team]] begin_year = begin_year or (absences and absences.begin_year) or 0 end_year = end_year or (absences and absences.end_year) or 9999 disqualified_year = disqualified_year or (absences and absences.disqualified_year) or 0 for _, y in ipairs(competitions) do if y > end_year then break elseif y >= begin_year then table.insert(comp_years, y) end end else end_year = end_year or (os.date('!*t').year + options.interval) for y = begin_year, end_year, options.interval do table.insert(comp_years, y) end end local disqualified_years = {} if options.disqualified_year or disqualified_year ~= 0 then -- Input currently only allows entry of a single disqualified year. -- However processing works for any number of such years. disqualified_years[disqualified_year] = true end return comp_years, disqualified_years, competition_absences(absences or args) end local function gameName(year, inputName) -- Modifies output of display being sent back to the list -- for games that have had a name change but are still considered -- the same competition. if inputName=="World Athletics Championships" or inputName=="World Championships in Athletics" then if year <= 2017 then return "World Championships in Athletics" else return "World Athletics Championships" end elseif (inputName=="British Empire Games" or inputName=="British Empire and Commonwealth Games" or inputName=="British Commonwealth Games" or inputName=="Commonwealth Games") then if year <= 1950 then return "British Empire Games" elseif year <= 1966 then return "British Empire and Commonwealth Games" elseif year <= 1974 then return "British Commonwealth Games" else return "Commonwealth Games" end elseif inputName=="Southeast Asian Peninsular Games" or inputName=="Southeast Asian Games" or inputName=="SEAP Games" or inputName=="SEA Games" then if year <= 1975 then return "SEAP Games" else return "SEA Games" end elseif inputName=="Asian Indoor Games" or inputName=="Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games" then if year <= 2009 then return "Asian Indoor Games" else return "Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games" end elseif inputName=="Southern Cross Games" or inputName=="South American Games" then if year <= 1982 then return "Southern Cross Games" else return "South American Games" end elseif inputName=="All-Africa Games" or inputName=="African Games" then if year <= 2011 then return "All-Africa Games" else return "African Games" end elseif inputName=="Summer Universiade" or inputName=="Summer World University Games" then if year < 2021 then return "Summer Universiade" else return "Summer World University Games" end elseif inputName=="Winter Universiade" or inputName=="Winter World University Games" then if year < 2021 then return "Winter Universiade" else return "Winter World University Games" end else return inputName end end local function teamName(year, inputName, comp) -- Modifies output of display being sent back to the list -- for teams that have had a name change but are still considered -- the same team. if inputName=="Eswatini" or inputName=="Swaziland" then if year < 2018 or year == 2018 and comp == 'Commonwealth Games' then return "Swaziland" else return "Eswatini" end elseif inputName=="Southern Rhodesia" or inputName=="Rhodesia" or inputName=="Zimbabwe" then if year < 1980 then if (comp=="British Empire Games" or comp=="British Empire and Commonwealth Games" or comp=="British Commonwealth Games" or comp=="Commonwealth Games") then return "Southern Rhodesia" elseif comp=="Summer Olympics" or comp=="Summer Paralympics" then return "Rhodesia" end else return "Zimbabwe" end elseif (inputName=="Republic of China" or inputName=="Formosa" or inputName=="Taiwan" or inputName=="Chinese Taipei") then if year <= 1956 or year == 1972 or year == 1976 then return "Republic of China" elseif year==1960 then return "Republic of China (Formosa)" elseif year==1964 or year==1968 then return "Taiwan" elseif year > 1976 then return "Chinese Taipei" end elseif inputName=="Northern Rhodesia" or inputName=="Zambia" then if year <= 1964 then return "Northern Rhodesia" else return "Zambia" end elseif inputName=="Aden" or inputName=="South Arabia" or inputName=="Federation of South Arabia" then if year < 1966 then return "Aden" else return "South Arabia" end elseif inputName=="British Guiana" or inputName=="Guyana" then if year < 1966 then return "British Guiana" else return "Guyana" end elseif inputName=="Tanzania" or inputName=="Tanganyika" then if year < 1966 then return "Tanganyika" else return "Tanzania" end elseif inputName=="Ceylon" or inputName=="Sri Lanka" then if year <= 1972 then return "Ceylon" else return "Sri Lanka" end elseif inputName=="British Honduras" or inputName=="Belize" then if year <= 1973 then return "British Honduras" else return "Belize" end elseif inputName=="Dahomey" or inputName=="Benin" then if year <= 1975 then return "Dahomey" else return "Benin" end elseif inputName=="Upper Volta" or inputName=="Burkina Faso" then if year <= 1983 then return "Upper Volta" else return "Burkina Faso" end elseif inputName=="Burma" or inputName=="Myanmar" then if year < 1990 then return "Burma" else return "Myanmar" end elseif inputName=="Germany" or inputName=="West Germany" then if comp == "Summer Paralympics" or comp == "Winter Paralympics" then if year < 1992 then return "West Germany" else return "Germany" end end elseif inputName=="Democratic Republic of the Congo" or inputName=="Zaire" or inputName=="Congo-Kinshasa" then if year < 1971 then return "Congo-Kinshasa" elseif year >= 1971 and year <=1996 then return "Zaire" else return "Democratic Republic of the Congo" end elseif (inputName=="Individual Olympic Athletes" or inputName=="Independent Olympic Athletes" or inputName=="Independent Olympic Participants" or inputName=="Olympic Athletes from Russia" or inputName=="ROC" or inputName=="Individual Neutral Athletes") then if year == 1992 or year==2014 then return "Independent Olympic Participants" elseif year == 2000 then return "Individual Olympic Athletes" elseif year == 2012 or year==2016 then return "Independent Olympic Athletes" elseif year == 2018 then return "Olympic Athletes from Russia" elseif year == 2020 or year==2022 then return "Russian Olympic Committee athletes" elseif year == 2024 or year==2026 then return "Individual Neutral Athletes" else return inputName end elseif inputName=="Serbia and Montenegro" or inputName=="FR Yugoslavia" then if year < 2004 then if comp == "Mediterranean Games" then return "FR Yugoslavia" else return "Yugoslavia" end else return "Serbia and Montenegro" end elseif (inputName=="Refugee Olympic Team" or inputName=="IOC Refugee Olympic Team") then if year == 2016 then return "Refugee Olympic Team" elseif year == 2020 then return "IOC Refugee Olympic Team" else return inputName end elseif (inputName=="Independent Paralympic Participants" or inputName=="Individual Paralympic Athletes" or inputName=="Independent Paralympic Athletes" or inputName=="RPC" or inputName=="Neutral Paralympic Athletes") then if year == 1992 then return "Independent Paralympic Participants" elseif year == 2000 then return "Individual Paralympic Athletes" elseif year==2016 then return "Independent Paralympic Athletes" elseif year==2018 then return "Neutral Paralympic Athletes" elseif year == 2020 or year==2022 then return "Russian Paralympic Committee athletes" elseif year == 2024 then return "Neutral Paralympic Athletes" else return inputName end elseif inputName=="North Macedonia" or inputName=="Macedonia" then if year < 2019 then return "Macedonia" else return "North Macedonia" end elseif inputName=="Malaysia" or inputName=="Malaya" then if year < 1963 then return "Malaya" else return "Malaysia" end elseif inputName=="Ghana" or inputName=="Gold Coast" then if year < 1957 then return "Gold Coast" else return "Ghana" end elseif inputName=="Independent FINA Athletes" or inputName=="FINA Refugee Team" or inputName=="FINA athletes" then if year==2017 or year==2019 then return "Independent FINA Athletes" elseif year==2022 then return "FINA Refugee Team" else return "FINA athletes" end elseif inputName=="Samoa" or inputName=="Western Samoa" then if year < 1997 then return "Western Samoa" else return "Samoa" end end return inputName end function p._main(args) load_data() -- in case this function is called by another module local list = require('Module:List').horizontal local competitions, disqualified_years, absent_years, absent_ranges = competition_information(args) local current_year = os.date('!*t').year local function is_absent(y) if absent_years[y] then return true end for _, range in ipairs(absent_ranges) do if range[1] <= y and y <= range[2] then return true end end return false end local appearances = {} local absent_first, absent_last for i = 1, #competitions + 1 do -- +1 to handle any trailing absences local y = competitions[i] if y and is_absent(y) then if absent_first then absent_last = y else absent_first = y end else if absent_first then table.insert(appearances, '<span style="color:gray">' .. (absent_last and (absent_first .. '–' .. absent_last) or absent_first) .. '</span>') absent_first, absent_last = nil, nil end if y then local display = tostring(y) if y > current_year then display = '<i>' .. display .. '</i>' end if disqualified_years[y] then display = '<del>' .. display .. '</del>' end local compName = gameName(y, args.competition) local teamOut = teamName(y, args.team, args.competition) if compName == 'FIS Alpine World Ski Championships' then table.insert(appearances, string.format( '[[%s at the %s %d|%s]]', teamOut, compName, y, display )) else table.insert(appearances, string.format( '[[%s at the %d %s|%s]]', teamOut, y, compName, display )) end end end end return list(appearances) end function p._onlyGames(args) load_data() -- in case this function is called by another module local list = require('Module:List').horizontal args.team = 'x' local competitions, disqualified_years, absent_years, absent_ranges = competition_information(args) local current_year = os.date('!*t').year local appearances = {} local absent_first, absent_last for i = 1, #competitions + 1 do -- +1 to handle any trailing absences local y = competitions[i] if y then local display = tostring(y) if y > current_year then display = '<i>' .. display .. '</i>' end local compName = gameName(y, args.competition) if compName == 'FIS Alpine World Ski Championships' then table.insert(appearances, string.format( '[[%s %d|%s]]', compName, y, display )) else table.insert(appearances, string.format( '[[%d %s|%s]]', y, compName, display )) end end end return list(appearances) end function p.main(frame) load_data(frame) return p._main(frame.args['team'] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args) end function p.onlyGames(frame) load_data(frame) return p._onlyGames(frame.args['competition'] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args) end return p 5lecbejo5isnmywccbfc7d662lczgd8 10 51978 307473 2026-09-07T22:23:44Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#invoke:Team appearances list|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 307473 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Team appearances list|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> k6h5z0b5p0el9kla0s3bormsdi0lk00