Jabuuti

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      <text bytes="97380" sha1="s3ww8txk5jny88lsveshnjk707rf66i" xml:space="preserve">'''Jabuuti''' , si rasmi ah '''Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti''' ,  waa dal ku yaalla Geeska [[Afrika]] , waxa uu xad la wadaagaa [[Soomaaliya]]  dhanka koonfureed, Itoobiyana koonfur-galbeed, [[Eratareya|Eratariya]] oo woqooyi ah, iyo badda cas iyo gacanka cadmeed bari. Wadanku wuxuu leeyahay dhul dhan 23,200 km2 ( 8,958 sq mi).

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name                = Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti
| native_name                = {{native name|ar|جمهورية جيبوتي}} 
{{native name|en|Republic of Djibouti
}}
| common_name                = Jabuuti
| image_flag                = Flag of Djibouti.svg
| image_coat                = Emblem of Djibouti.svg
| symbol_type                = Astaanta
| image_map                = Djibouti (orthographic projection).svg
| map_caption                = 
| image_map2                = 
| national_motto                = {{Native name|so|
Midnimo, Sinaan, }}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Native name|ar|اتحاد، مساواة، سلام|italics=off}}
| national_anthem                = ''[[Djibouti (anthem)|Djibouti]]''&lt;br /&gt;{{center|[[File:The Djiboutian anthem.ogg]]}}
| official_languages                = {{hlist |[[Faransiis|Faransiis]]|[[Carabi|Carabi]]}}
| national_languages                = {{hlist |[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]|[[Afar luqadda|Afar]]}}&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;
| languages = 
| ethnic_groups                = {{Unbulleted list|[[Soomaalida]] 60%|[[Afar people|Cafar]] 35%|Kuwa kale 5% (ugu horrayn [[Carab]])&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;}}
| religion                = [[Sunni Islam]]
| demonym                = [[Jabuutiyaan]]
| capital                = [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]]
| largest_city                = capital
| coordinates                = {{Coord|11|36|N|43|10|E|type:city_region:DJ}}
| government_type                = [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jamhuuriyad madaxtinimo oo midaysan oo ku hoos nool kalitalisnimo dhaxal gal ah]].
| leader_title1                = [[Liiska madaxda dawladaha Jabuuti|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_title2                = [[Liiska madaxda dawladda Jabuuti|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]
| leader_name1                = [[Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle]]
| leader_name2                = [[Cabduqaadir Kaamil Maxamed]]
| sovereignty_type                = [[Madaxbanaanida]]
| established_event1                = Ka [[Faransiis]]
| established_date1                = 27 Juun 1977
| legislature                = [[Golayaasha qaranka (Jabuuti)|Golayaasha qaranka]]
| area_rank                = 146aad &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
| area_footnote                = &lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Djibouti |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=26 February 2013 |date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702024855/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |archive-date=2 July 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_km2                = 23,200&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;
| area_sq_mi                = 8,958 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water                = 0.09 (20&amp;nbsp;km² / 7.7&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;sq mi)&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| population_estimate                = 1,066,809
| population_estimate_year                = 2024
| population_density_km2                = 46.0
| population_density_sq_mi                = 96.4 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank                = 168aad
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}}$7.193&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=611,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2028&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1|title=&quot;Daabacaadda Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Oktoobar 2023 Edition. (Jabuuti)&quot;  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year                = 2023
| GDP_PPP_per_capita                = {{increase}}$6,985&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal                = {{increase}}$3.873 &amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year                = 2023
| GDP_nominal_per_capita                = {{increase}}$3,761&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| Gini_year                = 2017
| Gini_change                = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini                   = 41.6 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref name=&quot;cia-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |title=Gini Index coefficient |publisher=CIA World Factbook |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI_year               = 2023 &lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.513 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= 6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024|url= https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/DJI|access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank                = 171aad
| currency                = [[Faran Jabuuti]]
| currency_code                = DJF
| country_code                =
| time_zone                = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
| utc_offset                = +3
| time_zone_DST                =
| utc_offset_DST                =
| drives_on                = Sax
| calling_code                = [[+253]]
| cctld                = [[.dj]]
| today                =
}}
Waagii hore, dhulku, oo ay weheliyaan Itoobiya, Ereteriya iyo Somaliland, waxa uu ka mid ahaa dhulkii Puntland . Saylac oo u dhow , hadda Somaliland, waxay ahayd xaruntii dhexe ee Adal iyo Ifat Sultanates. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad waxa dhidibada loo taagay gumaystihii Faransiiska ee Somaliland ka dib markii salaadiinta Dir , Soomaali iyo Cafartu ay heshiisyo la saxeexdeen Faransiiska, iyo jidkii tareenka ee Diridhaba (iyo markii dambe Addis Ababa ) waxay u oggolaatay inay si degdeg ah uga gudubto Saylac oo ah dekedda koonfurta Itoobiya iyo Ogaadeenya .  Waxa loo beddelay dhulkii Faransiiska ee Canfarta iyo Issa 1967. Toban sano ka dib, dadka Jabuuti waxay u codeeyeen madaxbannaani . Taas oo si rasmi ah u astaysay dhidibada loo taagay Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti oo loogu magac daray caasimaddeeda . Gobolka cusub wuxuu ku biiray Qaramada Midoobay sanadkii ugu horreeyay.  Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, xiisado ka dhashay matalaadda dowladda ayaa horseeday iskahorimaad hubeysan , kaasoo ku dhammaaday heshiis awood-qeybsi ah 2000 oo dhexmaray xisbiga talada haya iyo mucaaradka. 
Jabuuti waa wadan qawmiyad badan leh oo ay ku nool yihiin 1,066,809 tirakoobkii la qabtay 20kii May 2024  ( ka ugu yar dhul weynaha Afrika). Faransiiska iyo Carabiga waa labada luqadood ee rasmiga ah; Canfarta iyo Soomaaliga waa afaf qaran. Qiyaastii 94% dadka reer Jabuuti waxay u hoggaansamaan diinta Islaamka , oo ah diinta rasmiga ah waxayna ku badan tahay gobolka in ka badan 1,000 sano. Soomaalida iyo Canfarta ayaa ka kooban labada qoomiyadood ee ugu tirada badan, iyadoo kuwii hore ay ka kooban yihiin dadka ugu badan. Labaduba waxay ku hadlaan luqadda laanta Kushitigga ee afafka Afroasiatic .
Jabuuti waxay ku dhowdahay qaar ka mid ah marinnada maraakiibta ugu mashquulka badan adduunka, kuwaas oo koontaroolaya marinka badda cas iyo badweynta Hindiya . Waxay u adeegtaa sidii xarun muhiim u ah shidaalka iyo wareejinta iyo dekedda ugu muhiimsan ee badda ee laga soo dejiyo lagana dhoofiyo dalka deriska ah ee Itoobiya . Xarun ganacsi oo kobcaysa, qaranku waa goobta ay ku yaalaan saldhigyo kala duwan oo ciidamada shisheeye. Urur goboleedka IGAD ayaa sidoo kale xaruntiisa ku leh magaalada Jabuuti.

==Asalka erayga==
Dalka Jabuuti waxaa si rasmi ah loogu yaqaanaa Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti . Luuqadaha baabuurta ah waxa loo yaqaan Gabuuti ( Af -cafar ah ) iyo Jabuuti ( Af-Soomaali ). 
Dalka waxa loogu magac daray caasimaddiisa, magaalada Jabuuti .  Etymology-ga magaca ayaa lagu muransan yahay.  Waxaa jira aragtiyo iyo halyeyyo dhowr ah oo ku saabsan asalkeeda, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan ujeedaha.  Hal aragti ayaa ka soo jeedda ereyga Canfarta ee gabouti , oo macneheedu yahay &quot;taabbad&quot;, oo laga yaabo in ay calaamadso calaamadaha juqraafi ee aagga.  Mid kale wuxuu ku xiraa gabood , oo macneheedu yahay &quot;korro/plateau&quot;.  Jabuuti sidoo kale waxay noqon kartaa &quot;Dhulka Tehuti&quot; ama &quot;Dhulka Thoth ( Masar : Djehuti / Djehuty ) &quot;, ka dib ilaaha dayaxa Masar . 
Maamulka Faransiiska, laga bilaabo 1862 ilaa 1894, dhulka waqooyiga Gacanka Tadjoura waxaa loo yaqaan &quot; Obock &quot;.  Intii u taariikhday 1897 ilaa 1967 dhulkaas waxa loo yaqaan French Somaliland (Faransiiska: Côte française des Somali ), iyo 1967 ilaa 1977 oo loo yaqaanay dhulkii Faransiiska ee Canfarta iyo Issas (Faransiiska: Territoire français des Afars et des Issas ).

==Taariikhda==
===Taariikhda ka hor===
[[File:Pottery of Asa Koma.JPG|thumb|Dheriga naqshadaynta joomatari ee laga helay Asa Koma]]
Gobolka Bab -el-Mandeb ayaa inta badan loo tixgaliyay inay tahay meesha ugu horeysa ee ay ka taagan tahay homininka ka dib marin xeebeedka ee Bariga Afrika ilaa Koonfur iyo Koonfur Bari Aasiya 
Aagga Jabuuti waxa la degganaa ilaa Neolithic .  Sida laga soo furo khubarada luqadaha, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka muddan oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay (&quot;Dhulkii asalka ahaa&quot;) ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow .  Culumo kale waxay soo jeedinayaan in qoyska Afroasiatic ay ku horumareen goobta Geeska, iyada oo ku hadashadeedu ay markaa ka dib kala firdhiyeen meesha. 
Dhagxaan la jarjaray oo ku taariikhaysan ilaa 3 milyan oo sano ayaa laga soo ururiyay goobta harada Abbe .  Banaanka Gobaad ( inta u adeega Dikhil iyo harada Abbe), hadhaaga maroodigii dabar go'ay ee Palaeoloxodon recki ayaa sidoo kale laga helay, oo si muuqata loo gowracay iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab basalt ah oo agtiisa laga helay.  Hadhaagani waxa ay ahayd 1.4 milyan sano BC.  Ka dib, goobo kale oo la mid ah ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay u badan tahay shaqada Homo ergaster .  Goob Acheulean ah (laga soo bilaabo 800,000 ilaa 400,000 sano BCE), halkaas oo dhagax lagu jaray, ayaa laga soo saaray 1990-meeyadii, Gombourta, oo u qabanay Damerdjog iyo Loyada , oo 15 km koonfur ka xigta magaalada Jabuuti .  Ugu doontii, Gobaad, waxa laga helay daanka Homo erectus , kaas oo soo gaadhay 100,000 BC.  Jasiiradda Devil’s , waxaa la helay qalab la xiriiriyay 6,000 oo sano, kuwaas oo loo xiray in lagu furo furoda.  Aagga gunta hoose ee Goubet (Dankalélo, oo aan ka fogayn Jasiiradda Devil), waxaa sidoo kale laga helay dhismayaal dhagax ah oo wareeg ah iyo jajabyo dhoobo rinji ah.  Baarayaal hore ayaa sidoo kale kale ka hooyada maxilla jajaban, oo loo aaneynayo qaab duug ah oo Homo sapiens ah oo ku taariikhaysan c.  250 Ka, oo ka dooxada Dagadlé Wadi
[[File:Prehistoric of Djibouti.png|thumb|Farshaxanadii hore ee fanka iyo qabuuraha Djibouti]]
Dheriga ka hor bartamihii kun-sanaadkii 2aad ayaa laga helay Asa Koma , oo ah meel haro gudaha ah oo ku taal bannaanka Gobaad. Alaabta goobta waxaa lagu gartaa naqshado joomatari oo la jeexay, kuwaas oo la mid ah wajigii dhaqanka Sabir ee 1 ceramics ee Malayba ee Koonfurta Carabta . Lafo lo'da oo aan gees-dheer lahayn ayaa sidoo kale laga helay Asa Koma, taas oo soo jeedinaysa in lo'da guri-guriyeedka ay joogeen qiyaastii 3,500 oo sano ka hor. Farshaxan dhagax ah oo u muuqda inay yihiin kuleylo iyo geri ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa Dorra iyo Balho . Handoga , oo ku taariikhaysan kun-sanadii afraad ee BCE, ayaa iyaduna soo saartay obsidian microliths iyo ceramics cad oo ay isticmaali jireen xoolo-dhaqato hore oo reer guuraa ah oo wata lo'da. 
Goobta Wakrita waa dhisme yar oo Neolithic ah oo ku taal wadii ku taal diiqada tectonic ee Gobacad ee Jabuuti ee Geeska Afrika . Qodista 2004tii waxa ay soo saartay dhoobo aad u fara badan taas oo noo suurta galisay in aan qeexno mid ka mid ah xarumaha dhaqanka Neolithic ee gobolkan , kaas oo sidoo kale lagu aqoonsaday goobta u dhow ee Asa Koma . Haraaga xayawaanku waxay xaqiijinayaan muhiimadda kalluumeysiga ee degsiimooyinka Neolithic ee u dhow harada Abbé , laakiin sidoo kale muhiimadda xannaanada lo'da iyo, markii ugu horreysay ee aaggan, caddaynta dhaqamada xoolo-dhaqashada caprine. Shukaansiga Radiocarbon wuxuu dhigayaa shaqadan bilawgii qarnigii 2aad ee BCE, oo la mid ah inta u dhaxaysa Asa Koma. Labadan goobood waxay ka dhigan yihiin caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee dhaq-dhaqaaqa gobolka, waxayna bixiyaan faham wanaagsan oo ku saabsan horumarinta bulshooyinka Neolithic ee gobolkan. 
Ilaa 4000 sano BCE, gobolku wuxuu ka faa'iiday cimilo aad uga duwan kan maanta uu yaqaan oo laga yaabo inuu u dhow yahay cimilada Mediterranean-ka . Khayraadka biyuhu aad bay u badnaayeen iyagoo leh harooyin ku yaal Gobacad, harooyinka Assal iyo Abbé oo waaweyn oo u eg biyo dhab ah. Sidaa darteed dadku waxay ku noolaayeen ururinta, kalluumaysiga iyo ugaarsiga. Gobolka waxaa ku noolaa xayawaan aad u qani ah oo kala ah: dhogorta , gisi , maroodi , wiyisha , iwm, sida uu daliil u yahay, tusaale ahaan, xayawaanka ugu quruxda badan ee sawirada godka Balho . Millenniyadii 3aad iyo 2aad ee BC, dad yar oo reer guuraa ah ayaa degay hareeraha harooyinka waxayna ku dhaqmi jireen kalluumeysiga iyo taranta lo'da. Aaska haweeney 18-sano jir ah, laga bilaabo mudadaas, iyo sidoo kale lafaha xoolaha la ugaarsado, qalab lafaha iyo dahab yar yar ayaa la soo saaray. Ilaa 1500 BCE, cimiladu waxay durba bilowday inay is beddesho, iyadoo ilaha biyaha macaan ay noqdeen kuwo aad u yar. Sawir-gacmeedku wuxuu muujinayaa dhogorta (xoolaha aagagga oomanaha ah), kuwaas oo qaarkood ay fuulaan dagaalyahanno hubaysan. Dadkii fadhiidka ahaa ayaa hadda ku soo noqday noloshii miyiga. Tuuli dhagax ah oo noocyo kala duwan leh iyo qabuuro gabbaad ah oo laga soo bilaabo muddadan ayaa laga soo saaray dhulka oo dhan
===Qadiimiga===
Socdaalkii hore ee Masaarida ee ugu horeyay ee la diiwaan galiyay ee Puntin waxaa soo abaabulay Fircoon Saxure oo ka tirsanaa boqortooyadii shanaad (qarnigii 25aad BC), isagoo la soo noqday shixnad antyue iyo Puntites ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dahab ka soo jeeda Punt waxa loo diiwaan galiyay in uu Masar joogay horraantii wakhtigii Fircoon Khufu ee Boqortooyadii Afraad . 
Intaa ka dib, waxa jiray socdaalo badan oo loo galay Puntidii lixaad , kow iyo tobnaad , laba iyo tobnaad iyo siddeed iyo tobnaad ee boqortooyadii Masar. Boqortooyadii laba iyo tobnaad, ganacsigii lala lahaa Punt waxa loogu dabaal dagay suugaan caan ah oo ku jirta Sheekadii Badmaaxyadii Doontii burburtay
[[File:Three Puntites.jpg|thumb|Hatshepsut Punt Relief oo muujinaysa saddex nin oo ku labisan dharka Puntite oo sita hadiyado]]
Boqortooyadii Mentuhotep III (diilkii 11aad, ca. 2000 BC), sarkaal la odhan jiray Hannu waxa uu abaabulay hal ama in ka badan safaro uu ku tagay Punt, laakiin lama hubo in uu shakhsi ahaan u safray safaradan.  Hawlgallada ganacsi ee boqortooyadii 12aad ee faraaciintii Senusret I , Amenemhat II iyo Amenemhat IV ayaa sidoo kale si guul leh ugu soo wareegay kana soo socdaalay dhulka dahsoon ee Punt. 
Boqortooyadii siddeed iyo tobnaad ee Masar , Hatshepsut waxa ay dhistay maraakiib badda cas si ay u fududayso ganacsiga u dhexeeya madaxa Gacanka Aqaba iyo meelaha koonfureed ilaa Punt si uu u keeno alaabta meydadka ee Karnak si uu ugu beddelo dahabka Nubian. Hatshepsut shakhsi ahaan waxa uu sameeyay socdaalkii ugu caansanaa ee Masaaridii hore ee u dhoofay Punt. Fanaaniinteeda ayaa muujinaya wax badan oo ku saabsan qoyska boqortooyada, dadka deggan, deegaanka iyo geedaha kala duwan ee jasiiradda, iyagoo muujinaya sida &quot;Land of Gods, oo ah gobol ka fog bari ee jihada qorrax-soo-baxa, oo barakeeyey alaabooyinka ujeeddooyin diimeed&quot;, halkaas oo ganacsatadu ay ku soo noqdeen dahab, fool maroodi, ebony , fooxa , resins caraf udgoon, haragga xayawaanka, xayawaanka nool ee qorraxdu udgoon tahay. Xilligii boqoradda Hatshepsut ee qarnigii 15aad ee BC, maraakiibtu waxay si joogto ah uga gudbeen Badda Cas si ay u helaan bitumen , naxaas, maro xardhan, naptha iyo alaabo kale oo loo daabulo dhulka iyo hoos Badda Dhimatay ilaa Elat oo ku taal madaxa gacanka Aqaba halkaas oo ay ku biireen fooxa iyo socodka ganacsiga ee buuraha ee soo socda iyo marinka woqooyiga ee socdaalkayga iyo socodka ganacsiga ee waqooyiga. woqooyi oo ku teedsan xeebta bari ee Badda Cas.  Iyada oo ay weheliso waqooyiga Itoobiya, Somaliland, Ereteriya iyo xeebta Badda Cas ee Suudaan, Jabuuti waxaa loo arkaa meesha ugu macquulsan ee dhulkii ay Masriyiintii hore u yaqaaniin Punt (ama Ta Netjeru , oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;Dhulkii Ilaah&quot;). Markii ugu horreysay ee la sheego dhulkii Puntland waxay taariikhdu ahayd qarnigii 25aad ee BC. Puntites waxay ahaayeen ummad dad ah oo xidhiidh dhow la lahaa Masar hore xilligii boqortooyadii 5aad ee Fircoon Saxure iyo boqoraddii 18aad ee boqoradda Hatshepsut . Sida laga soo xigtay muraayadaha macbadka ee Deir el-Bahari , Dhulka Punt waxaa xukumayay Boqor Parahu iyo Boqorad Ati.
===Hordhaca Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe===
Reer Adal (sidoo kale Awdal , Cadl , ama Adel ) waxay xaruntoodu ahayd Saylac oo caasimaddeeda ah.  Waxaa dhidibbada u taagay qabaa'ilka Soomaalida ee degaankaas horaantii qarnigii 9aad. Saylac waxa ay soo jiidatay ganacsatadii adduunka oo dhan, iyaga oo ka qayb qaatay hantida magaalada. Saylac waa magaalo qadiimi ah waxayna ka mid ahayd magaalooyinkii ugu horeeyay ee soo islaamay , wax yar ka dib hijriga . Masjidka al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laba- mihraab waxa uu jiray qarnigii 7aad, waana masaajidka ugu da'da weyn.  Dhamaadkii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi , oo ahaa caalim Muslim ah oo Carab ah oo safar ah, wuxuu qoray in Boqortooyada Adal ay ahayd boqortooyo yar oo qani ah, Saylacna waxay u adeegi jirtay xarunta boqortooyada, taas oo soo taxnayd bilowgii qarniga.
[[File:YagbeaSionBattlingAdaSultan.JPG|thumb|Suldaanka Adal (midig) iyo ciidamadiisa dagaalka kula jira King Yagbea-Sion iyo raggiisa oo lagu sawiray Livre Des Merveilles]]
Tixraacii ugu horeeyey ee Adal waxa ay ahayd ka dib burburkii boqortooyadii Makhzumi July 1288 markaas oo Cali Baziyu uu hogaaminayey olole ka dhacay Adal iyo Mora kaas oo lagu soo gebagebeeyey dilkii salaadiinta Adal iyo Mora , Suldaankii guulaystey ka dib waxa uu Adal iyo Mora ku daray Boqortooyadii. Adal waxa kale oo uu ku sheegay Marco Polo 1295 in ay tahay dawlad si joogto ah ula dagaalantay Abyssinia.  Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan Carbeed qarnigii afar iyo tobnaad Al Umari , Adal wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah gobollada aasaasay Ifat Sultanate oo ay weheliso Biqulzar , Shewa , Kwelgora , Shimi, Jamme iyo Laboo. Waxa loo adeegsaday si mugdi ah waagii dhexe ee dhexe si loo tilmaamo Muslimiinta degan dhulka hoose ee bari ee Boqortooyada Xabashida . Oo ay ku jiraan woqooyiga wabiga Awash ee ku wajahan harada Abbe ee xuduudka casriga ah ee Jabuuti iyo Itoobiya iyo sidoo kale dhulka u dhexeeya Shewa iyo Saylac ee xeebta Soomaaliya . Degmooyinka Adal waxa ka mid ahaa Hubat , Gidaaya iyo Hargaya .  Waxa kale oo ay mararka qaarkood ku jirtay Suldaanka Hadiya . Gobolku waxa uu ahaa inta badan gobolka Awdal wakhtigan xaadirka ah waxana uu caasimadda u ahaa Saylac laakiin waxa kale oo uu maamuli jiray magaalooyinka kale ee gudaha sida Cabasa ama Dakkar oo ku fidsan dhulka Harar ilaa koonfur-bari iyo maanta Jabuuti oo galbeed ah.
[&gt;File:The Sultanate of Ifat.png|thumb|Boqortooyadii Ifat Sultanate qarnigii 14aad]]
Boqortooyadii Walashma waxa ay culimadu ku tixgaliyaan in ay kuwii la aasaasay Saldanadii Ifat.  Ifat markii ugu horeyay waxay soo baxday markii Umar Ibn Dunyā-Hawaz, oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Sultan Umar Walasma , uu sameeyay boqortooyadiisa oo uu qabsaday Suldaanka Shewa ee ku yaala waqooyiga Hararghe .   Boqorka 128 Suldaan Wali Asma waxa uu keenay inuu xukunkiisa ku soo rogo Hubat , Saylac iyo dawlado kale oo Muslim ah oo gobolka ka tirsan.  Taddesse Tamrat waxa uu ku macneeyay ficilada millitari ee Sultan Walashma in uu yahay dadaal uu ku hayo dhulka Muslimiinta ee Geeska Afrika si la mid ah sidii Imperor Yekuno Amlak uu isku day in uu isku day dhulalka Kiristanka ee buuuraleyda sare islaas. 
calanka 1320-kii waxaa billowday khilaaf u dhexeeya boqorka Kiristaanka iyo sawiradii Ifat ee Muslimiinta.  Colaadda waxaa soo dajiyay Al-Naasir Muxamed oo Masar ahaa .  Hogaamiyihii Mamluk Al-Naasir Muxammad waxa uu silcinayay Copts Masiixiyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah ee burburinayay shaqada Coptic.  Amda Seyon 1aad ee Itoobiya ayaa ergey u soo diray digniin uu u diray Mamluuqa oo uu ku sheegay in haddii uu joojin waayo dhibka lagu hayo Masiixiyiinta Masar uu ka aargoosan doono Muslimiinta ku hoos nool xukunkiisa, dadka Masarna uu gaajo u gaajoon doono isagoo u weecinaya marinka webiga Niil.  Sida laga soo jiida Pankhurst, oo ka mid ah labada hanjabaad, leexinta Niil waxay ahayd hanjabaad aan shaqaynayn, Suldaanka Masarna wuu diiday sababtii ay u badan tahay inuu ogaaday in tani ay sidaas tahay.  Cabsida laga qabo in Xabashidu ay fara geliso webiga Niil, ayuu yiri Pankhurst, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahayd inay la sii wadaagto Masaarida qarniyo badan. 
Kacdoonkii Sabr ad-Diin ma ahayn isku day lagu doonayey in lagu gaadho madax-banaani, balse waxa ay ahayd in uu boqor ka noqdo Itoobiya Muslim ah.  Taariikhda Taariikhda Amda Seyon ayaa sheegtay in Sabr ad-Din uu ku dhawaaqay:
Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan boqor u noqdo Itoobiya oo dhan, annagu dadka Masiixiyiinta sida sharcigooda ah, jawaabahooda waan dumin doona... waxaan u muujin doonaa hoggaamiye Itoobiya oo dhan, si la mid ah boqorka Siyoon (Itoobiya) ... 
Dhab, ka dib duulaankiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Sabr ad-Din wuxuu magacaabay maamulayaasha u dhow iyo kuwa muhim ah sida Fatagar iyo Alamalé, iyo sidoo kale fog fog ee waqooyiga sida Damot , Amxaarada , Angot , Inderta , Begemder , iyo Gojjam .  Waxa kale oo uu ku hanjabay in uu qaadka ku beerayo caasimadda, oo ah maaddo kiciya oo ay isticmaalayeen Muslimiintu balse ay mamnuuc ka tahay Masiixiyiinta Itoobiya ee Ortodokska .
Sanadkii 1376, Sultan Sacad Ad-Diin Abdul Muhammad , oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Sacad Ad-Diin II, ayaa xilka kala wareegay, markii yimid, kaas oo sii waday inuu weeraro Masiixiyiinta ee Xabashida.  Wuxuu weeraray madaxdii gobolka sida Zalan iyo Hadeeya, kuwaas oo taageersanaa Imbaraadoorka.  Sida laga soo jiida Mordechai Abir, Sacad Ad-Diin II duullaanka ka dhanka ah Imbaraadooriyadda Xabashidu waxa ay u badnaayeen kuwa ku dhufo oo ka dhaqaaq ah, taas oo xoojisay go'aankii akhriska Kiristaanka ee ahaa in uu soo afjaro xukunka Muslimiinta ee barigooda.   Horraantii dagaalka 15aad, Imbaraadoorkii Xabashida oo ay u badan tahay Dawit I wuxuu ururiyay ciidan badan si uu uga jawaabo.   Wuxuu ku tilmaamay Muslimiinta deegaanka ku xeeran “Cadawga Rabbi”, marka lagu duulo Ifat.  Dagaal dheer ka dib, booska Ifat waxa lagu jebiyay 1403dii oo ku taal dhulka Harar, Suldaan Sacad Cadidiin wuxuu u dejiyey Saylac halkaas oo ay Itoobiya ka daba tagtay.  Al-Maqrizi wuxuu wariyay:
Amxaaradu waxay ka daba-tageen Sacadul-diin ilaa gacanka Saylac , ee badweynta, halkaas oo uu gabaad ka dhigay .  Amxaaradu meesha bay ku go’doomisay, oo biyo ka diiday;  Ugu balatii mid ka mid ah kuwii faasiqiinta ahaa wuxuu tusay jid ay ku gaadhaan.  Markii ay u soo galeen dagaal baa dhacay;  oo maalinta ka dib biyihii ayaa gabay.  Sacad Al Diin waxa uu labadii ka soo gaadhay foolka, dhulkana uu ku dhacay,may seefihii kaga mudeen.  farxad buu ku dhintay, isagoo dariiqii Eebbe ku dhacay.
[[File:Adalite Population.png|thumb|Sawirka dharka dhaqameed ee Adal ee ay xidhaan dadka deegaanka ee Giuseppe Antonelli]]
Geeridii Sacad Cad-Diin ka dib “xoogga Muslimiinta waa la dhimay”, sida uu sheegay Maqrizi, ka dibna Amxaaradu waxay degtay waddanka “iyo masaajidda la burburiyey oo kaniisado ka samaystay”. Dadka Islaamka ah ayaa la sheegay in la dhibaataynayey in ka badan labaatan sano. Ilaha ayaa isku khilaafay cidda Imbaraadoorka Itoobiya uu ololahan sameeyay. Sida uu qabo taariikhyahankii dhexe ee al-Makrizi , Imperial Dawit I 1403 waxa uu daba galay Suldaankii Cadal , Sacad Ad-Diin II , ilaa Saylac , halkaas oo uu ku dilay suldaan , magaalada Saylacna uu ka saaray . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilo kale oo casri ah ayaa taariikhiya dhimashadii Sacad ad-Diin II ilaa 1410, waxayna ku tixgalinayaan dilka Emperor Yeshaq . Carruurtiisii ​​iyo intii ka hadhay boqortooyadii Walashma waxay u qaxi jireen Yaman halkaas oo ay ku noolaan lahaayeen musaafuris ilaa 1415. 
Sannadkii 1415, Sabr ad-Din III , oo ahaa curadka Sacad Ad-Diin II , ayaa ku soo noqon doona Adal oo uu ka soo musaafurinayay Carabta si uu u soo celiyo carshigii aabbihiis.  Wuxuu ku dhawaaqi jiray inuu yahay &quot;boqorka Cadal&quot; ka dib markuu Yaman ka soo laabtay oo uu ka soo noqday dhulka Harar oo uu caasimaddiisa cusub ka dhisay Dakkar . Sabr ad-Din III iyo walaalihiis waxay jebin doonaan ciidan gaaraya 20,000 oo nin oo uu hogaaminayo taliye aan la magacaabin oo rajeynaya inuu soo celiyo &quot;xukunkii Amxaarada ee lumay&quot;. Boqorkii guulaysta ayaa markaas ku laabtay caasimadiisii, laakiin wuxuu amar ku siiyay xertiisii ​​badnaa inay sii wadaan oo ay kordhiyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah Masiixiyiinta. Boqorkii Itoobiya Tewodros 1 -aad markiiba waxaa dilay Boqortooyadii Adal Sultanate markii uu soo noqday dhaxal-sugaha Sacad Ad-Diin ee Geeska Afrika. Sabr ad-Din III wuxuu dhintay geeri dabiici ah, waxaana xilka kala wareegay walaalkiis Mansur Ad-Diin oo ku duulay caasimadii iyo fadhigii boqortooyadii Sulaymaan wuxuuna u kaxaystay Imbaraadoor Dawit I ilaa Yedaya halkaas oo sida uu sheegay al-Maqrizi , Suldaan Mansur uu burburiyay ciidan Sulaymaan ah oo uu dilay Boqorkii. Dabadeed waxa uu u sii gudbay buuralayda Mokha, halkaas oo uu kula kulmay 30,000 oo ciidan xoog leh oo Sulaymaan ah. Askartii Cadalaad waxay hareereeyeen cadawgoodii, waxayna muddo laba bilood ah hareereeyeen ciidamadii Sulaymaan ee go’doomiyey ilaa laga gaaray heshiis nabadeed oo uu Mansur raalli ka yahay. Muddadaas, Adal waxa ay u soo baxday sidii xarun muslimiintu iskaga caabin lahaayeen boqortooyadii Xabashida ee Kiristaanka ahayd. Adal intaas ka dib ayaa maamuli doonta dhammaan dhulkii ay hore u xukumi jirtay Ifat Sultanate, iyo sidoo kale dhulka bari ka sii xiga Bab el Mandeb ilaa Cape Guardafui, sida uu qabo Leo Africanus. Adal waxa magac ahaan lagu sheegay qarnigii 14aad marka laga hadlayo dagaaladii dhex maray Muslimiinta Soomaalida iyo Canfarta iyo ciidamadii Kiristaanka ee Boqorka Xabashida Amda Seyon I.  Adal waxay markii hore caasimad u ahayd magaalada Saylac, oo ku taal galbeedka gobolka Awdal. Siyaasaddu waagaas waxay ahayd imaarad ka tirsanayd saldanadii weynayd ee Ifat ee uu xukumi jirayBoqortooyadii Walashma 
[[File:Young Ahmad Gragn.png|thumb|Tusaale wiilkii yaraa ee Axmad ibnu Ibraahiim oo muujinaya awoodiisa]]
Sida uu qabo IM Lewis, siyaasadda waxaa maamuli jiray boqortooyo maxalli ah oo ka kooban Carab Soomaali ah ama Soomaali la Carabeeyey, kuwaas oo sidoo kale ka talin jiray Saldanada la mid ah ee Muqdisho laga dhisay ee gobolka Banaadir ee dhanka koonfureed. Taariikhda Adal laga soo bilaabo wakhtigan la aasaasay waxa lagu tilmaami karaa dagaalo isdaba joog ah oo lala galay dalka ay jaarka yihiin ee Abyssinia .  Boqortooyadii Adal markii ay sare u kacday waxa ay gacanta ku haysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Jabuuti, Somaliland , Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya. Inta u dhaxaysa magaalada Jabuuti iyo Loyada waxaa ku yaal tiro ka mid ah sawir-maskaxeed iyo faneed . Dhismayaashu waxay la xidhiidhaan qabuuro qaab leydi ah oo ay ku dheggan yihiin saqafyo toosan, sida sidoo kale laga helay Tiya , bartamaha Itoobiya . Jibuuti-Looyada steeladu waa kuwo aan la hubin da'dooda, qaarkoodna waxaa lagu qurxiyey calaamad T-qaabaysan.  Intaa waxaa dheer, qodista qadiimiga ah ee Tiya waxay keentay qabuuro. Laga bilaabo 1997, 118 stelae ayaa laga soo sheegay aagga. Iyada oo ay weheliso dhagaxyada Aagga Hadiya , dhismayaasha waxa ay dadka deegaanka u aqoonsan yihiin Yegragn Dingay ama &quot;dhagaxa Gran&quot;, iyaga oo tixraacaya Imam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmad &quot;Gurey&quot; ama &quot;Gran&quot;), oo ah taliyaha Adal Sultanate . 
Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi waxa uu ahaa hogaamiyihii milatariga ee dawladii dhexe ee Adal Sultanate ee waqooyiga Geeska Afrika. Intii u dhaxaysay 1529 iyo 1543, waxa uu bilaabay olole loogu magac daray Futuh Al-xabash , isaga oo keenaya in afar meelood saddex meel oo Xabashida Kiristaanka ahi ay hoos yimaadaan maamulkii boqortooyadii Muslimiinta .  Iyagoo wata ciidan ka kooban Afar, Harari (Harla), iyo Soomaali,  ciidamadii al-Ghazi waxay u soo dhawaadeen inay damiyaan boqortooyadii hore ee Xabashida, iyagoo gawracay qof kasta oo Ethiopian ah oo diida inuu islaamo.  Muddo afar iyo toban sano gudahood Imaamku waxa u suurtagashay in uu ku qabsado dhulka xudunta u ah dalka, isaga oo hagardaamo ku haya qaranka Kiristaanka.  Bahri Negash waxay ku biirtay Emperor Gelawdewos iyo Bortuqiisku dagaalkii muhiimka ahaa ee Wayna Daga , halkaas oo dhaqanku sheegayo in Imam Axmad uu xabadka xabadka kaga dhuftay musketer Portuguese ah oo la odhan jiray João de Castilho, kaas oo keligiis dacwad ku soo oogay Muslimiinta oo dhintay. Imaamka dhaawaca ah ayaa ka dib waxaa qoorta ka gooyay taliyihii ciidamada fardooleyda Itoobiya oo lagu magacaabo Azmach Calite.  Markii ay askartii Imaamku ogaadeen dhimashadiisa ayay ka carareen goobtii dagaalka.  Colaaddan ayaa fursad u siisay dadka Oromada ah inay qabsadaan oo u guuraan dhulka taariikhiga ah ee Gafat ee Welega ee koonfurta wabiga Niilka Buluuga ah iyo dhanka bari ilaa gidaarada Harar iyagoo ka samaystay dhul cusub.
===Casriga hore===
Sannadkii 1550kii, Nuur bin Mujaahid waxa uu noqday Amiirkii Harar , isla markaana ahaa taliyihii Adal, isagoo Harar u dhisay darbi difaac ah oo ilaa maanta taagan.  1559-kii, wuxuu hogaaminayay duulaan ka dhan ah Boqortooyadii Xabashida , wuxuuna dilay Imbaraadoor Gelawdewos dagaalkii Fatagar , isagoo isla mar ahaantaana iska caabiyay duulaankii Xabashidu ku soo qaaday Harar, taasoo sababtay dhimashada Sultan Barakat bin Umar Din iyo dhamaadka boqortooyadii Walashma . Oromadu dabadeed waxay ku duuleen Adal, ciidankii Nuur ayaa jabiyay dagaalkii Hazalo , inkastoo darbiyada magaaladu ay badbaadiyeen, inkasta oo ay xaalad abaareed aad u daran ku jirtay .  Nuur wuxuu dhintay 1567, waxaana xilka kala wareegay Cuthman oo Xabashi ah , oo heshiiskii nabadeed ee uu la galay Oromada horseeday in xukunka laga tuuro.  Dhaxalsuge Maxamed ibn Naasir , wuxuu isku dayay duullaan ka dhan ah Itoobiya, waase lagu jebiyay laguna dilay dagaalkii webi , taasoo calaamad u ahayd soo afjaridda gardaradii Adal. Dhaxal sugaha Muxammad , Mansur ibn Muxamed , waxa uu la dagaalamay Oromada guul darradu ka soo baxday, ka dibna waxa uu qabsaday Awsa iyo Saylac . Dhimashadii Nuur iyo dhicistii boqorradii Walashma ayaa ka dhashay loolan dhanka awoodda ah, iyadoo Muxammad Gasa uu qaatay magaca Imaam sannadkii 1576-kii, wuxuuna caasimadda u soo raray Aussa , isagoo aasaasay imaamkii Aussa , kaasoo hoos u dhacay qarnigi xigay, aakhirkiina u gacan galay dadka Canfarta . Qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad, dadka Harla iyo dadka Dooba waxay ku biireen aqoonsiga Canfarta , taasoo keentay soo ifbaxa Saldanada Aussa . Enrico Cerulli waxa uu burburka Adal u sababeeyay in ay ka gudbi kari wayday kala qaybsanaantii qabaa’ilka, si ka duwan sidii Imbaraadooriyadda Xabashida ee Sarsa Dengel , taas oo keentay in uu dagaal joogto ah ka dhexeeyo qabaa’ilka reer guuraaga ah. Burburkii Saldanadii Adal waxa ay horseedday in lasameeyo dawlado badan sida Aussa , Tadjourah iyo Rahayto.
[[File:Einwohner Von Abex.webp|thumb |Qof deggan Xabeesh Eyalet oo uu qoray Georg Adam Dillinger (1773)]]
Mamluk Masar oo ay qabsadeen Cusmaaniyiintu waxay cabsi galisay ganacsatadii Carbeed , kuwaas oo ka baqay guumaystayaashan cusub ee Turkiga, sidaa awgeed waxay doorteen inay u safraan dhanka xeebaha Cadal.  Taas waxaa sidoo kale raacay ganacsato Hindi ah oo ka cararay isla cadowga.  Cusmaaniyiintii markay arkeen dhaq-dhaqaaqa ballaaran ee degdega ah, waxay si degdeg ah u qabsadeen Saylac waxayna sameeyeen guri kastam iyo galley ilaalinaya Bab-el-Mandeb .  Qarnigii 17-aad markii Cusmaaniyiinta lagu qasbay inay ka fariistaan ​​Saylac, magaalada iyo nawaaxigeeda sida Tadjuura waxay gacanta ku dhigeen saldanada Mocha iyo Sanca , kuwaas oo ka kireeyay dhulkii ganacsade Sanca ah oo la oran jiray Sayid Al-Barr.  Saylac ka dib waxa xukumay Amiir, kaas oo Mordechai Abir u soo jeediyay in uu leeyahay &quot;wax sheegasho ah oo aan caddayn oo ku saabsan dhammaan gobolka Saaxil , laakiin awoodda dhabta ah ma dhaafin meel ka baxsan derbiyada magaalada.&quot; Badhasaabka oo gacan ka helaya madfac iyo calooshood u shaqeystayaal kooban oo ku hubaysnaa birta , ayaa ku guulaystay in uu iska difaaco duullaan ay ku soo qaadeen labadii reer guuraaga ahaa ee gudaha ku sugnaa, kuwaas oo gudaha u soo galay iyo weliba guutooyin ku sugnaa gacanka Cadmeed.  Inkasta oo Tadjoura ay sheegatay madax-bannaani dhammaystiran, haddana waxaa loo tixgeliyey inay hoos timaado Saylac maadaama suldaanku uu ka heli lahaa gunno-sannadeedka guddoomiyaha deegaanka.  Abubakr Pasha waxa uu u sharaxay Vice-Admiral Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle in markii imaamka Sanca uu wali ka talinayay xeebaha Yemen, qaar ka mid ah askartii loo diray Tadjoura ay maalin ay xasuuqeen dadka magaalada. Badhasaabka Mocha ayaa markaa diray ciidan cusub si ay uga soo aargudaan. Magaaladu intay aargoosigan la kulmi lahayd, waxay door bidday inay u go'aansato inay Imaamka siiso, sannad walba xilliga carwooyinka, oo ah gunno aan waligeed la bixin oo uu guddoomiyaha Saylac ka masuul yahay soo saarista.  Tadjourah's vizier Mahamed Mahamed ayaa u cusboonaysiiyay faa'iidada Pasha Turkiga ee Al-Hodeydah in kasta oo Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiintu aysan waligood xaq siyaasadeed u adeegsan Tadjoura.  Mohammed Al-Barr waxa mar dambe lagu beddeli doonaa guddoomiyaha Saylac iyo inta ku tiirsan ( Saaxil).) by Sharmaake Cali Saalix .  Bishii Juun 1861, Faransiisku wuxuu Sharmarke Ali Salih ku eedeeyay inuu ku lug lahaa dilkii Henri Lambert , wakiilkii hore ee qunsuliyada Faransiiska, taageerena u ahaa Sharmaarke, Abubakr Pasha , oo ka ganacsan jiray addoonta Canfarta . Inkasta oo Pasha Turkiga ee Al-Xodeydah iyo Degenaanshaha Ingiriiska ee Cadan ay rumaysnaayeen in Sharmaarke aanu wax dambi ah lahayn, haddana isaga iyo qaar ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ayaa la xidhay oo loo gacan geliyey ciidamada badda Faransiiska. Maxkamadeynta, oo markii hore loo qorsheeyay Constantinople , ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay Jeddah . 
Muxammad Cali , Pasha Masar , wuxuu u yimid inuu xukumo Yemen , Harar , Gacanka Tadjoura oo ay Saylac iyo Berbera ku jiraan. Badhasaabkii deegaanka Abubakar Pasha ayaa ku amray ciidankii Masar ee Sagallo joogay inay ka fariistaan ​​Saylac . Doonta markabka Seignelay ayaa gaadhay Sagallo wax yar ka dib markii ay Masaaridu dhoofeen. Ciidamada Faransiisku waxay qabsadeen qalcadda inkasta oo ay ka soo horjeesteen wakiilka Ingiriiska ee Cadan , Major Frederick Mercer Hunter, kaas oo u diray ciidamo si ay u ilaaliyaan danaha Ingiriiska iyo Masar ee Saylac iyo ka hortagga kordhinta Faransiiska ee jihadaas. 
14-kii Abriil 1884kii Taliyaha roondada sloop L'Inferent ayaa ka warbixiyey qabsashadii Masar ee Gacanka Tadjoura. Taliyaha ilaalada sloop Le Vaudreuil ayaa sheegay in Masaarida ay ku sugnaayeen gudaha inta u dhexeysa Obock iyo Tadjoura . Imbaraadoor Yohannes IV ee Itoobiya wuxuu heshiis la saxeexday Great Britain si loo joojiyo la dagaalanka Masaarida iyo in la ogolaado in ciidamada Masar laga soo daadgureeyo Itoobiya iyo Somaliland litteral. Ciidankii Masar ayaa laga saaray Tadjoura . Léonce Lagarde waxa uu roondo u diray Tadjoura habeenkii xigay.
[[File:Carte de la côte française (...)Meunier Alexandre btv1b53062311r 1.jpg|thumb|Khariidadda Xeebta Soomaalida Faransiiska iyo gobollada deriska la ah 1870kii]]
Soohdimaha dalka Jabuuti ee maanta waxa la aassay markii ugu horeysay ee Faransiisku ka as aaso  Geeska Afrika xiligii loollanka Afrika .  Heshiiskii March 11.  Faransiisku waxa ay xiisaynayeen in ay yeeshaan xarun dhuxul oo loogu talagalay uumiyada , taas oo si gaar ah muhiim u ah warbaahinta Kanaalka Suweys ee 1869 .  March 26, 1885, Faransiisku waxay heshiis kale la dhigteen Issas halkaas oo kan dambe uu noqon doono maxmiyad hoos-u-qaadis Faransiis
[[File:Djibouti-Eid-Celebration.jpg|thumb|Xaflad si heer sare ah loo soo agaasimay oo ay isugu soo baxeen dad muslimiin ah oo isticmaalaya kataarad Suudaani ah si ay ugu ciidaan sanadkii 1913-kii]]
Waxa la aasaasay intii u dhaxaysay 1883 ilaa 1887, ka dib markii Soomaalidii xukumi jirtay iyo saldanadii Canfarta mid waliba heshiis la saxeexday Faransiiska . Isku daygii Nikolay Ivanovitch Achinov , tacabiir Ruush ah , si uu u dejiyo Sagallo 1889 waxaa markiiba fashiliyay ciidamada Faransiiska hal bil ka dib. Sannadkii 1894kii, Léonce Lagarde waxa uu maamul rasmi ah oo Faransiis ah ka dhisay magaalada Jabuuti wuxuuna gobolka u magacaabay Faransiiska Somaliland . Dhismaha Jidka Tareenka ee Imperial ee galbeedka Itoobiya ayaa dekedda Jabuuti ka dhigay magaalo boom ah oo dhan 15,000  xilli Harar ay ahayd magaalada kaliya ee Itoobiya ka sarreysay.  Inkasta oo dadku ay hoos u dhaceen ka dib markii la dhammeeyey jidka tareenka ee Diridhaba oo shirkaddii asalka ahayd ay ku guuldareysatay oo ay dalbatay dammaanad dawladeed, isku xirka tareenka ayaa u oggolaaday dhulku inuu si dhakhso ah u dhaafo ganacsigii safarka ahaa ee Saylac (oo markaa ahaa aagga Ingiriiska ee Somaliland ) oo noqday dekedda koowaad ee qaxwaha iyo badeecadaha kale ee ka baxa koonfurta Itoobiya iyo Harar .
[[File:Ahmed Abokob.jpg|thumb|Axmed Abokob, oo ahaa tiir-raac Soomaaliyeed oo u dhashay Jabuuti, kana qayb galay WW1]]
Guutada 6-aad ee Somali Marching ayaa lagu aas aasay Madagascar 11-kii May 1916-kii, waxaana ciidamadan laga soo qaatay Xeebaha Soomaaliya ee Faransiiska , waxaana loo bixiyay Guutada 1-aad ee Tirailleurs Soomaaliyeed markii ay soo gaareen dalka Faransiiska bishii June. Asal ahaan loogu talagalay in ay noqoto unug diyaargarow ah, saraakiishii guutada ayaa ka jawaabay rabitaanka Soomaalida ee ah in ay dagaalamaan, taasoo keentay in ay ka qaybgalaan iyaga iyo RICM weerarkii Oktoobar 1916 ee Fort Douaumont. Doorkooda gaarka ah, shirkadaha guutada waxaa la guddoonsiiyay Croix de Guerre, iyo calanka RICM wuxuu helay Legion of Honor. Dib-u-habaynta cutubka dagaalka bishii Diseembar 1916, guutadu waxay ku dagaalameen Chemin des Dames bishii Maajo 1917 iyo markii dambe dagaallo waaweyn sida Malmaison, Dagaalkii 3aad ee Aisne, iyo Dagaalkii 2aad ee Marne, iyagoo kasbaday tixraacyo badan iyo xuquuqda xirashada Croix de Guerre fourragère. 2,434 ka mid ah ragga hubaysan ee la diray, 517 ka mid ah ayaa la dilay, 1,200 oo kalena waa lagu dhaawacay Yurub.
Ka dib markii uu Talyaanigu qabsaday dalka Itoobiya badhtamihii 1930-aadkii, waxa iska hor imaad joogto ah oo dhinaca xuduudka ahi ku dhex maray ciidamadii Faransiiska ee Somaliland joogay iyo ciidamadii Talyaaniga ee ku sugnaa bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu . Bishii Juun 1940, intii lagu jiray marxaladihii hore ee Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka , Faransiisku wuu dhacay , gumeysigana waxaa xukumay dawladdii Axis Vichy (Faransiiska) . 
Ciidamada Ingiriiska iyo kuwa Barwaaqo-sooranka waxay la dagaalameen talyaanigii dariska ahaa intii uu socday Ololihii Bariga Afrika . 1941kii, Talyaanigii waa la jebiyey, waxaana la go'doomiyey ciidamadii Vichy ee Faransiiska Somaliland. Maamulkii Vichy Faransiisku waxa uu ku sii jiray gumaysigii in ka badan sannad ka dib burburkii Talyaaniga. Ingriiska oo ka jawaabaya waxa uu go’doomiyay dekedda magaalada Jabuuti balse way ka hor istaagi wayday in Faransiisku uu macluumaadka ka bixiyo kolanyada markabkii halkaa marayay. Sannadkii 1942-kii, ilaa 4,000 oo askari oo British ah ayaa qabsaday magaalada.  Guuto maxali ah oo ka socday French Somaliland ayaa ka qayb qaatay Xoraynta Faransiiska 1944. 
Sannadkii 1958-kii oo ku beegnayd maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay 1960-kii, ayaa waxaa dalka Jabuuti ka dhacay afti dadweyne oo lagu go'aamiyay inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska iyo inay tahay waddan madaxbannaan. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay qayb ka tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qawmiyadda Canfarta iyo Faransiiska deggan. Waxa kale oo jiray eedaymo ku saabsan ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan . Inta badan dadka maya ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali si weyn u taageersanaa ku biiritaanka Soomaaliya oo mid ah sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi waxa uu ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed laba sano ka dib iyada oo duruufo laga shakiyay
[[File:An aerial view of Djibouti City.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka hawada ee magaalada Jabuuti ee caasimadda Jabuuti]]
1966-kii, Faransiisku wuxuu diiday taladii Qaramada ee ay ahayd in uu Faransiisku siiyo adeegida Somaliland.  Bishii hore isla sanadkaas, calaamad rasmi ah oo uu ku tagay dhulkaas Faransiiska Charles de Gaulle , ayaa sidoo kale la dersay mudaaharaadyo iyo naqshado.   laga, u jawaabayo mudaaharaadyada, de Gaulle wuxuu afti kale. 
In 1967, plebiscite labaad ayaa la qabtay si loo go'aamiyo aayaha dhulka.  Natiijooyinka hore waxay taageereen isku xirka sii socda laakiin dabacsan oo lala yeesho Faransiis.  Codeynta ayaa sidoo kale loo qeybiyay qaab isir ah, iyadoo guud ahaan Soomaalida degan ay u codeeyeen madax banaani, iyadoo hadafku ahaa in la midoobo Soomaaliya, waxaan Canfartu ay si weyn u doorteen in ay la midoobaan Faransiiska.  Aftida ayaa mar kale waxaa hareeyay warbixino ku saabsan ku shubasho dhanka codadka ah oo ay ciidamada maamulka Faransiiska.   Wax yar ka dib markii la qabtay shirweynihii, dalkii hore ee Côte française des Somalis (Faransiiska Somaliland) waxaa loo dhacay Territoire français des Afars et des Issas .   Ku dhawaaqida cudurka plebiscite ayaa baaqabashada shacab, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr calaamad.  Faransiisku waxa kale oo uu kordhiyey cududiisa sababta ku teedsan xuduudka.
[[File:Front de Libération de la Côte des Somalis Symbol.jpg|thumb|1960-meeyadii, halgankii gobanimadoonka waxaa hogaaminayay Jabhaddii Xoreynta Xeebta Soomaaliyeed (FLCS) oo halgan hubaysan oo gobonimo-doon ah qaaday iyada oo inta badan rabshado ay ku beegsanayeen shaqaalaha Faransiiska. FLCS waxay u adeegsan jirtay in ay bilawdo dhawr hawlgal oo soohdin ah oo ku soo biiraya Faransiiska Somaliland oo ka yimid Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya si ay u weeraraan bartilmaameedyada Faransiiska. March 24, 1975, Jabhadda Front de Libération de la Côte des Somali waxay af-duubtay Safiirkii Faransiiska u fadhiyay Soomaaliya, Jean Guery, si ay u beddesho laba hawlwadeen oo ka tirsan FLCS oo labadooduba muddo ku noolaa dhul weynaha Faransiiska . Waxa lagu bedelay labadii xubnood ee FLCS ee Cadan ee Koonfurta Yemen . [ 150 ] FLCS waxaa loo aqoonsaday dhaqdhaqaaq xornimo qaran Ururka Midnimada Afrika (OAU), kaas oo ka qaybqaatay maalgelintiisa. FLCS waxay dalabaadkeedii u dhexaysay codsigii is-dhex-galka si ay suurtogal u noqoto &quot; Soomaali-weyn &quot; oo ay saamaysay dawladda Soomaaliya ama madaxbannaanida fudud ee dhulka. Sannadkii 1975-kii waxaa magaalada Kampala ee dalka Uganda ku kulmay ururradii xornimada Afrika ee LPAI iyo FLCS, waxayna ugu dambayntii go'aansadeen dariiqa madaxbannaanida ee Soomaaliya . 
Sannadkii 1976-kii, xubno ka tirsan Jabhadda Front de Libération de la Côte des Somali ee raadinaysay inay Djibouti madax-bannaanideeda ka hesho Faransiiska , waxay sidoo kale isku dhaceen kooxda faragelinta ee Gendarmerie Nationale Intervention Group ka dib markii ay afduubteen bas u socday Loyada . Dhacdadan, iyadoo lagu muujinayo dhibka uu ku hayo joogitaanka gumeystaha Faransiiska ee Jabuuti, waxay ahayd tallaabo muhiim u ah madax -bannaanida dhulka . Suurtagalnimada afti saddexaad oo u muuqata mid lagu guulaystay Faransiisku way sii yaraanaysay. Kharashka mamnuuca ah ee ilaalinta gumeysiga , Faransiiska ee ugu dambeeya ee qaaradda , wuxuu ahaa arrin kale oo ku qasabtay goobjoogayaasha inay ka shakiyaan in Faransiisku isku dayo inuu sii haysto dhulka.
===Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti===
[[File:Ahmed Dini Ahmed proclaiming the Djibouti Declaration of Independence on 27 June 1977.jpg|thumb|Axmed Diini Axmed oo ku dhawaaqayay gobonimada Jabuuti 27kii Juun 1977kii]]
Aftidii saddexaad ee madax-bannaanida ayaa lagu qabtay dhulka Faransiiska ee Canfarta iyo Issa 8 May 1977. Aftidii hore waxay dhacday 1958 iyo 1967 ,  oo diiday madaxbannaanida . Aftidani waxay taageertay madax banaanida Faransiiska .  98.8% codbixiyayaashu waxay taageereen ka go'itaanka Faransiiska, taas oo si rasmi ah u calaamadisay madaxbannaanida Jabuuti Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ah siyaasi Ciise (qawmiyad Soomaali ah) oo u ololeeyay in haa loo codeeyo aftidii 1958, wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee qaranka (1977-1999).
Sannadkeedii ugu horreeyay, Jabuuti waxay ku biirtay Ururka Midowga Afrika (hadda Midowga Afrika ), Jaamacadda Carabta iyo Qaramada Midoobay. 1986kii, jamhuuriyadda curdinka ahi waxay sidoo kale ka mid ahayd xubnihii aasaasay urur goboleedka horumarinta ee urur-goboleedka IGAD. Intii uu socday dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya , siyaasiyiintii Ciisaha ee saamaynta ku lahaa waxay ku tala galeen Jabuuti-weyn ama “Ciise-land”, oo xuduudka Jabuuti uu ka koobnaan doono Badda Cas ilaa Diridhaba . Riyadaasu waxay ku dhufatay dhamaadkii dagaalka iyadoo ciidamadii Soomaalida laga jabiyay Itoobiya. 
Horraantii 1990-aadkii, xiisado ka dhashay matalaadda dowladda ayaa horseeday iskahorimaad hubeysan oo dhex maray xisbiga talada dalka Jabuuti haya ee PRP iyo kooxda mucaaradka ah ee Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD). Is-mariwaaga wuxuu ku dhammaaday heshiis awood-qeybsi ah 2000.
Bishii Abriil 2021, Ismaaciil Geelle , oo ah madaxweynihii labaad ee Jabuuti tan iyo markii ay xorriyadda ka qaateen Faransiiska 1977, ayaa mar kale loo doortay markii shanaad.
==Siyaasada==
Jabuuti waa jamhuuriyad madaxtinimo oo midaysan , awood fulineedna waxay ku fadhidaa madaxtooyada , taas oo iyaduna awood u leh golaha wasiirada , iyo awooda sharci dejinta ee dawlada iyo golaha shacabka . Economist Democracy Index waxa ay Djibouti ku qiimeysay mid kalitalis ah 2024. 
===Dawladnimada===
[[File:Ismail Omar Guelleh 2010.jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Jabuuti Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle]]
Madaxweyne Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle ayaa ah shaqsiga caanka ka ah siyaasadda dalka Jabuuti — madaxa dawladda iyo taliyaha guud . Madaxwaynuhu waxa uu isticmaalayaa awoodooda fulineed oo uu kaalmaynayo ra'iisul wasaaraha ay u magacaabeen , Cabduqaadir Kaamil Maxamed . Golaha Wasiirada (Wasiirada) waxa u xilsaaran oo guddoominaya Madaxweynaha.
Nidaamka garsoorku wuxuu ka kooban yahay maxkamadaha darajada koowaad, Maxkamadda Sare ee Racfaanka, iyo Maxkamadda Sare. Nidaamka sharcigu waa isku dhafka sharciga madaniga ah ee Faransiiska iyo xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida iyo Canfarta. 
Golaha Shacbiga (oo hore u ahaan jiray Golaha Wakiilada ) waa sharci-dejinta dalka, oo ka kooban 65 xubnood oo la soo doorto shantii sanaba mar. Inkasta oo aan ka koobnayn , haddana Dastuurku waxa uu dhigayaa in la sameeyo Golaha Guurtida.  Doorashadii u dambaysay waxa la qabtay 23 February 2018. Jabuuti waxa ka jira nidaamka xisbiyada badan , iyadoo xisbiga Rally ee Progress (RPP) ay gacanta ku hayaan sharci-dejinta iyo fulinta tan iyo markii la aasaasay 1979 (xisbigu wuxuu u hoggaansamaa qayb ka mid ah Midowga Aqlabiyadda Madaxweynaha , kaas oo haysta kuraasta sare ). Axsaabta mucaaridka ah waa la ogol yahay ( xadidan) xoriyad, laakiin xisbiga ugu weyn mucaaradka, Midowga Badbaadada Qaranka , ayaa qaadacay doorashooyinkii 2005 iyo 2008, iyaga oo ku sababeeyey inay dawladdu gacanta ku hayso warbaahinta iyo cabudhinta murashaxiinta mucaaradka. 
Dowladda waxaa u badan beesha Ciisaha Dir ee Soomaaliyeed oo taageero ka haysta beelaha Soomaaliyeed gaar ahaan beesha Gadabuursi Dir . Dalku waxa uu ka soo baxay dagaal sokeeye oo toban sano socday dhamaadkii sagaashameeyadii iyada oo dawladii iyo jabhadii FRUD ay heshiis nabadeed kala saxeexdeen 2000. Laba xubnood oo FRUD ah ayaa ku biiray golaha wasiirada,  oo ka bilaabmay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 1999 , FRUD waxay olole u gashay RPP.
Madaxweyne Geelle waxa uu xilka kala wareegay Xasan Guuleed Aptidoon sannadkii 1999 - kii .  Horraantii 2011, muwaadiniinta Jabuuti waxay ka qaybqaateen mudaaharaadyo isdaba joog ah oo lagaga soo horjeedo dawladda muddada dheer soo shaqaynaysay, kuwaas oo lala xidhiidhiyay mudaaharaadyadii guga Carabta ee waaweyn . Geelle ayaa mar saddexaad loo doortay sanadkaas kadib markii uu helay 80.63% codadkii la dhiibtay 75% codadkii la dhiibtay.  In kasta oo kooxaha mucaaradka ay qaadaceen codbixinta isbeddelka lagu sameeyay dastuurka u oggolaanaya Geelle inuu mar kale u tartamo xafiiska,  goobjoogayaasha caalamiga ah ee Midowga Afrika ayaa guud ahaan doorashada ku tilmaamay mid xor iyo xalaal ah. 
31-kii March 2013, Geelle waxa uu ra’iisul wasaarihii mudada dheer xilka hayay Dilleita Mohamed Dilleita u bedelay madaxweynihii hore ee Midowga Aqlabiyadda Madaxweynaha (UMP) Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed .  Bishii Diseembar 2014, Ururka talada haya ee aqlabiyadda Madaxweynaha ayaa sidoo kale heshiis qaab-dhismeed la saxeexday Isbahaysiga Badbaadada Qaranka, kaas oo waddada u xaaraya in sharci-dejiyeyaasha mucaaradka ay galaan baarlamaanka iyo dib u habeynta hay'adda doorashada qaranka.
===Xiriirka dibadda===
Xiriirka dibadda ee Jabuuti waxaa maamula wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda iyo iskaashiga caalamiga ah ee Jabuuti. Jabuuti ayaa xiriir dhow la leh dowladaha Soomaaliya , Itoobiya , Faransiiska iyo Mareykanka . Sidoo kale waa ka-qaybgale firfircoon oo ka tirsan Midowga Afrika , Qaramada Midoobay , Dhaqdhaqaaqa Aan Isbahaysiga ahayn , Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka iyo Arrimaha Jaamacadda Carabta . Tan iyo 2000-meeyadii, mas'uuliyiinta Jabuuti waxay sidoo kale xoojiyeen xiriirka Turkiga .
Jabuuti waxa ay xubin ka ahayd Madasha Dawladaha Yaryar (FOSS) tan iyo markii la aasaasay kooxda 1992.

===Milatari===
[[File:Camp Maryama during an exercise, Arta Region, Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Saldhiga Maryama oo dhoolatus ciidan ka waday Gobolka Carta]]
Ciidamada Jabuuti waxaa ka mid ah ciidamada Jabuuti oo ka kooban ciidamada badda Jabuuti, ciidamada cirka ee Jabuuti iyo kuwa Gendarmerie (GN). Laga soo bilaabo 2011 , shaqaalaha diyaarka u ah adeegga milatarigu wuxuu ahaa 170,386 rag ah iyo 221,411 dumar ah oo da'doodu u dhaxayso 16 ilaa 49 . Xornimada ka dib, Jabuuti waxay lahayd laba rajiim oo ay kala taliyaan saraakiil Faransiis ah. Horraantii 2000-meeyadii, waxa ay u muuqatay mid bannaanka ah nooc ka mid ah ururrada ciidanka kaas oo sida ugu wanaagsan u horumarin doona awoodaha difaaca iyada oo dib-u-habayn lagu samaynayo ciidamada oo loo samaynayo unugyo yaryar oo guurguura oo badan halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen qaybo dhaqameed.
Dagaalkii ugu horeeyey ee ay ka qayb qaataan ciidamada Jabuuti waxa uu ahaa dagaalkii sokeeye ee Jabuuti dhex maray dawladda Jabuuti oo ay taageerayaan Faransiiska iyo Jabhadda Dib-u-soo-celinta Midnimada iyo Dimuqraadiyadda ( FRUD ). Dagaalku wuxuu socday intii u dhaxaysay 1991 ilaa 2001, inkastoo inta badan colaadaasi ay soo afjartay markii garabyadii qunyar socodka ahaa ee FRUD ay heshiis nabadeed la saxiixdeen dowladda ka dib markii ay la kulmeen dib u dhac ciidan oo baaxad leh, markii ay ciidamada dowladdu qabsadeen inta badan dhulkii ay jabhaddu gacanta ku haysay. Koox xagjir ah ayaa sii waday dagaalka ay kula jirto dowladda, laakiin waxay saxiixday heshiis nabadeed sannadkii 2001. Dagaalku wuxuu ku dhammaaday guul dawladeed, FRUDna waxay noqotay xisbi siyaasadeed.
Dalka Jabuuti oo xarun u ah urur goboleedka IGAD, waxa ay si firfircoon uga qayb qaadatay geeddi-socodka nabadda Soomaaliya , iyada oo martigelisay shirkii Carta ee sannadkii 2000 . 
Sannadihii u dambeeyay, Djibouti waxa ay horumarisay farsamada tababarada, taliska ciidanka iyo qaab dhismeedka xogta waxaanay qaaday talaabooyin ay ku noqonayso isku filnaansho xagga sahayda ciidankeeda si ay Qaramada Midoobay kala kaashato hawlaha nabad ilaalinta, ama ay caawimo ciidan u fidiso wadamada sida rasmiga ah u waydiista. Hadda waxaa la geeyey Soomaaliya iyo Suudaan 
===Joogitaanka ciidamada shisheeye===
[[File:11th MEU conducts Sustainment Training 170105-F-QF982-589.jpg|thumb|Xubnaha adeegga Mareykanka ee saxaraha Grand Bara , 2017]]
Ciidamada Faransiisku waxa ay joogeen Jabuuti markii uu dhulku xornimada qaatay, iyada oo markii ugu horraysay qayb ka ahayd hab-maamuuskii ku-meel-gaadhka ahaa ee bishii June 1977-kii oo dhigayay shuruudihii lagu dejin lahaa ciidammada Faransiiska, taas oo ka dhigan heshiis difaac. Heshiis iskaashi oo cusub oo dhanka difaaca ah oo u dhaxeeya Faransiiska iyo Jabuuti ayaa lagu kala saxiixday magaalada Paris 21-kii December 2011. Wuxuu dhaqan galay 1-dii May 2014. Heshiiskaas iyo qodobkiisa amniga, Faransiisku waxay dib u xaqiijiyeen inay ka go'an tahay madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti. Sidoo kale xornimada ka hor, 1962, cutub ka tirsan ciidamada shisheeye ee Faransiiska , guutadii 13-aad ee Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion (13 DBLE) ayaa laga soo wareejiyay Aljeeriya loona wareejiyay Jabuuti si ay u noqdaan xudunta ciidankii Faransiiska ee halkaas joogay.  31kii Luulyo 2011, guutada demi-guutiga waxay ka ambabaxeen Jabuuti una socdeen Imaaraadka Carabta .
Dalka Jabuuti oo ah goob istaraatijiyad ah oo ku taal marinka Bab-el-Mandeb , kaas oo kala qaybiya gacanka cadmeed iyo badda cas , isla markaana maamusha waddooyinka loo maro kanaalka Suweys , ayaa ka dhigtay meel aad loogu jecel yahay saldhigyada ciidamada shisheeye. Camp Lemonnier waxaa ka tagay Faransiiska oo markii dambe u kireeyay Taliska Dhexe ee Mareykanka Sebtembar 2002. Heshiiska waxaa dib loo cusbooneysiiyay 2014 ilaa 20 sano oo kale. Saldhigga Milatari ee Taageerada Qaranka Talyaanigu wuxuu sidoo kale ku yaal Jabuuti. Dalku waxa kale oo uu martigeliyaa saldhigga millatari ee Japan ee kaliya ee dibadda ah iyo saldhigga taageerada Shiinaha . 
Wasaaradda Difaaca ee Mareykanka ayaa ku eedeysay Shiinaha in ay la beegsadeen laysarka awoodda sare leh ee diyaaradaha dagaalka Mareykanka meel u dhow saldhigga ay Shiinaha ku leeyihiin Jabuuti. 
Martigelinta saldhigyada ciidamada shisheeye waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhaqaalaha Jabuuti. Maraykanku waxa uu bixiyaa $63 milyan sannadkii si uu u kiraysto Camp Lemonnier, France iyo Japan mid walba waxa uu bixiyaa $30 milyan sannadkii,  iyo Shiinaha ayaa bixiya $20 milyan sannadkii.  Lacagaha ijaarka ayaa lagu daray in ka badan 5% wadarta guud ee GDP ee Djibouti oo ah US$2.3 bilyan sanadka 2017.
===Xuquuqda Aadanaha===
Warbixin ay soo saartay Freedom in the World 2011, Freedom House waxa ay Djibouti ku qiimeysay &quot;Non Free&quot;, hoos u dhigista meeqaamkeedii hore ee &quot;Qayb Xor ah&quot;.
Marka loo eego Warbixinta Dalka ee Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka ee 2019 ee Dhaqanka Xuquuqda Aadanaha , Jabuuti arrimaha muhiimka ah ee xuquuqul insaanka waxaa ka mid ah dilalka sharci-darrada ah ama aan sharciga ahayn ee ay geystaan ​​wakiillada dowladda; xidhitaanka sabab la'aanta ah ee wakiilada dawladda; xaaladaha xabsiga oo adag oo nafta halis gelinaya; faragelin aan sabab lahayn ama sharci darro ah oo sirta ah; xadhig aan sabab lahayn ama dacwad ku oogidda suxufiyiinta; cayda dembiilaha; faragelin weyn oo lagu sameeyo xuquuqaha isu imaatinka nabada iyo xoriyada ururrada; falalka musuqmaasuqa ee muhiimka ah; iyo xad-gudubyada ka dhanka ah haweenka iyo gabdhaha oo aan ku filneyn tallaabo dowladeed oo ku aaddan dacwad oogista iyo isla xisaabtanka, oo ay ku jiraan gudniinka fircooniga ah. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in isla xisaabtan la’aanta ay dhibaato tahay, iyadoo dawladdu dhif iyo naadir ku tahay inay qaado tallaabooyin lagu cadaynayo laguna ciqaabayo mas’uuliyiinta geysta xadgudubyada, haddii ay ahaan lahaayeen hay’adaha amniga iyo kuwa kale ee dawladda.
===Qaybaha maamulka===
[[File:The Regions of Djibouti.png|thumb|Maabka gobollada Jabuuti]]
Jabuuti waxaa loo qeybiyay lix gobol oo maamul, iyadoo magaalada Jabuuti ay ka mid tahay gobollada rasmiga ah. Waxa loo sii kala qaybiyay labaatan maamul-hoosaadyo .

==Juqraafiga==
===Goobta iyo deegaanka===
[[File:Satellite image of Djibouti in November 2001.jpg|thumb|Sawirrada dayax-gacmeedka]]
[[File:Satellite images of Djibouti during the night.png|thumb|Jabuuti maalintii (bidix) iyo habeenkii (midig)]]
Jabuuti waxa ay dhacdaa Geeska Afrika , waxa ay dhacdaa gacanka Cadmeed iyo Bab-el-Mandeb , dhinaca koonfureed ee laga galo badda cas . Waxay u dhaxaysaa loolka 11° iyo 14°N iyo longitudes 41° iyo 44°E, oo ah barta waqooyi ee Dooxada Weyn ee Rift Valley . Waa Jabuuti markii khilaafkii u dhexeeyay Plate-ka Afrika iyo Plate-kii Soomaaliyeed uu ku kulmay Plate-ka Carabta , oo ka sameysan saddex geesood oo juqraafi ah. Isdhexgalka tectonic ee seddexda geesoodka ah ayaa abuuray heerka ugu hooseeya ee meel kasta oo Afrika ka mid ah oo ku taal harada Assal , iyo niyad-jabka labaad ee ugu hooseeya ee dhulka engegan meel kasta oo dhulka ah (oo ay dhaaftay kaliya niyad-jabka xuduudaha Jordan iyo Israa'iil
Xeebta waddanku waxay fidsan tahay 314 kiiloomitir (195 mayl), oo leh dhul ka kooban badiyaa taagga, bannaanka iyo dhulka sare. Djabouti waxay leedahay bedka guud ee dhulka 23,200 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (8,958 sq mi). Xuduudaheedu waxay gaadhayaan 575 km (357 mi), 125 km (78 mi) oo ka mid ah waxay la wadaagtaa Eritrea , 390 km (242 mi) waxay la wadaagtaa Itoobiya , iyo 60 km (37 mi) waxay la wadaagtaa Somaliland . Jabuuti waa dalka ugu konfureed ee ku yaal saxanka Carabta .
Jabuuti waxa ay leedahay siddeed saf oo buuraley ah oo ay ugu sarrayso in ka badan 1,000 mitir (3,300 cagood). Silsiladda Mousa Ali waxaa lagu tiriyaa buurta ugu sarreysa dalka, oo leh meesha ugu sarreysa ee xadka Itoobiya iyo Ereteriya. Waxay leedahay kor u kac dhan 2,028 mitir (6,654 cagood).  Saxaraha Grand Bara waxa uu daboolaa qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta Djibouti ee gobollada Carta, Cali Sabiix iyo Dikhil. Inta badan waxay ku fadhidaa meel sare oo aad u hooseeya, oo ka hooseysa 1,700 cagood (520 mitir).
Meelaha juqraafiga ah ee aad u xun waxaa ka mid ah: dhanka waqooyi, Ras Doumera iyo barta ay soohdinta Eritrea ka gasho Badda Cas ee Gobolka Obock; dhanka bari, qayb ka mid ah xeebta Badda Cas ee waqooyiga Raas Bir; dhanka koonfureed, oo ah meel ku taal xuduudka Itoobiya ee galbeedka magaalada As Ela ; dhanka galbeedna, waa meel ku taal xuduudka Itoobiya isla markiiba bari ka xigta magaalada Afambo ee Itoobiya .
Inta badan Jabuuti waxa ay ka mid tahay dhul -daaqsimeedka xabashida iyo geedaha geedaha . Waxa ka reeban marin bari oo ku teedsan xeebta Badda Cas, taasoo qayb ka ah lamadegaanka xeebta Eritereeya
'''Muuqaallada Jibouti'''
[[File:Djib 003.JPG|thumb|Harada Assal]]
[[File:Traditional houses on the Mabla Mountains.jpg|thumb|Guryaha dhaqanka ee Buuraha Mabla]]
[[File:Lac Abbe-02.JPG|thumb|Harada Abbe]]
[[File:The mountains near Dasbiyo.png|thumb|Buuraha Dasbiyo u dhow]]
[[File:South Djibouti Beach.png|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee magaalada Jabuuti , oo ku taal gacanka Cadmeed]]
===Cimilada===
[[File:Djibouti's map of Köppen climate classification.png|thumb|Cimilada Jabuuti aad ayay u diiran tahay waxayna aad uga yar tahay isbeddelka xilliyeedka marka loo eego celceliska adduunka . Celceliska heerkulka maalinlaha ah wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 32 ilaa 41 ° C (90 ilaa 106 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare. Magaalada Jabuuti , tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 34 °C (82 ilaa 93 °F) bisha Abriil. Laakiin Airolaf , oo u dhaxaysa 1,535 ilaa 1,600 m (5,036 ilaa 5,249 ft), heerkulka ugu badan waa 30 °C (86 ° F) xagaaga iyo ugu yaraan 9 ° C (48 ° F) xilliga qaboobaha. [ 184 ] Dhulka sare wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 500 ilaa 800 m (1,600 ilaa 2,600 ft), way la barbar dhigi karaan oo way qabowsan yihiin kuwa xeebta bilaha ugu kulul ee Juun ilaa Agoosto. Diseembar iyo Jannaayo waa bisha ugu qabow ee celceliska heerkulka hooseeya hoos u dhaco ilaa 15 ° C (59 ° F). Jabuuti waxa ay leedahay cimilo kuleyl semi-oomane ah (BSh) ama cimilo kulul oo saxare ah (BWh), inkasta oo heerkulku aad u dhex dhexaad u yahay meelaha ugu sarreeya . 
Cimilada Djibouti waxay u dhaxaysaa oomanaha gobolada waqooyi bari ilaa iyo badhtamaha , waqooyiga, galbeedka iyo koonfurta dalka. Dhinaca badda ee bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi waxa uu ka yar yahay 5 inji (130 mm); Dhulka sare ee dhexe, roobabku waa 8 ilaa 16 inji (200 ilaa 410 millimitir). Dhulka dambe ayaa si aad ah uga hooseeya qoyaanka marka loo eego gobollada xeebta.
===Duurjoogta===
[[File:FrancolinusOchropectus.svg|thumb|Jabuuti francolin , oo ah nooc aad u dabar go'aya oo ku nool Jabuuti oo kaliya]]
Dhirta iyo xayawaanka dalku waxay ku nool yihiin dhul aad u qallafsan oo kayntu ay ka tahay wax ka yar boqolkiiba hal wadarta guud ee dalka. Duurjoogtu waxay ku faafeen saddex gobol oo waaweyn, kuwaas oo kala ah gobolka buuraleyda waqooyi ee dalka ilaa dhulalka foolkaanaha ee qaybteeda koonfureed iyo badhtamaha oo ay ku dhamaato gobolka xeebta.   
[[File:Goda Mountains - National Park of Forêt du Day.jpg|thumb|Noocyada dhirta ee Beerta Qaranka ee Forêt du Day]]
Inta badan noocyada duurjoogta ah waxaa laga helaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka, ee nidaamka deegaanka ee Seeraha Qaranka ee Day Forest . Celcelis ahaan joog dhan 1,500 mitir (4,921 cagood), aagga waxaa ka mid ah Goda massif, oo leh ugu sarreeya 1,783 m (5,850 ft). Waxay dabooshaa dhul dhan 3.5 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (1 sq mi) ee kaynta Juniperus procera , iyadoo in badan oo dhir ah ay kor ugu kacayso 20 mitir (66 cagood). Dhulkan kaynta ah waa meesha ugu weyn ee ay ku nool yihiin dabar-goynta iyo ciribtirka Jibuuti francolin (shimbir), iyo mid kale oo dhawaan la xusay laf dhabarta, Platyceps afarensis ( maska ​​colubrine ). Waxa kale oo ay ka kooban tahay noocyo badan oo dhir alwaax ah iyo dhir leh, oo ay ku jiraan geedo geedo iyo saytuun ah, kuwaas oo 60% ka ah tirada guud ee la aqoonsaday ee dalka.
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta dalka ee la xidhiidha noolaha duurjoogta ah ee Djibouti, qaranku wuxuu ka kooban yahay in ka badan 820 nooc oo dhir ah, 493 nooc oo lafdhabarta ah, 455 nooc oo kalluun ah, 40 nooc oo xamaarato ah, saddex nooc oo shimbiro ah, 360 nooc oo shimbiro ah iyo 66 nooc oo naasley ah.  Duur-joogta Djibouti waxa ay sidoo kale ku taxan yihiin qayb ka mid ah meelaha ugu kala duwan ee noole ee Geeska Afrika iyo badda cas iyo gacanka cadmeed . Naasleyda waxaa ka mid ah dhowr nooc oo antelope ah, sida cawska Soemmerring iyo cawska Pelzeln. Natiijada mamnuucista ugaarsiga ee la soo rogay tan iyo horraantii 1970-kii noocyadan ayaa hadda si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyaa. Naasleyda kale ee caanka ah waa zebra Grevy , hamadryas baboon iyo antelope Hunter . Warthog , nooca nugul, ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa beerta Qaranka ee Maalinta . Biyaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin godad, qoolleyda cagaaran , iyo qoolleyda hawksbill .  Haramcadka Waqooyi Bari Afrika Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii ayaa loo malaynayaa inuu ku dabar go'ay dalka Jabuuti
==Dhaqaalaha==  
[[File:GDP by sector, Djibouti.png|thumb|GDP-ga Jabuuti qayb ahaan]]
Dhaqaalaha Jabuuti waxa uu inta badan ku urursan yahay qaybta adeegga. Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ganacsigu waxa ay ku wareegsan yihiin siyaasadaha ganacsiga xorta ah ee dalka iyo goobta istaraatiijiga ah ee marinka badda cas. Roobabka oo xaddidan awgeed, khudaarta iyo miraha ayaa ah dalagyada ugu muhiimsan ee wax-soo-saarka, cunnada kalena waxay u baahan yihiin in dibadda loo keeno. Wax-soo-saarka (GDP perity perity) ee 2013 waxaa lagu qiyaasay $2.505 bilyan, iyadoo kobac dhab ah uu ahaa 5% sannadkii. Dakhliga qofkasta waa ku dhawaad ​​$2,874 (PPP). Qaybta adeegyadu waxay ka koobnayd 79.7% GDP, waxaa ku xigtay warshadaha 17.3%, iyo beeruhu 3%. 
Laga bilaabo 2013-ka , konteenarada dekedda Jabuuti ayaa qaada ganacsiga ugu badan ee qaranka. Qiyaastii 70% dhaqdhaqaaqa dekeddu waxa ay ka kooban tahay waxa laga soo dejiyo lagana dhoofiyo dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Itoobiya , taas oo ku xidhan marsada oo ah marinka ugu weyn ee badda. [ 189 ] Laga bilaabo 2018, 95% shixnadaha gaadiidka Itoobiya waxaa maamuli jirtay Dekedda Jabuuti.  Dekeddu waxay sidoo kale u adeegtaa sidii xarun shidaal oo caalami ah iyo xarun wareejin.  Sannadkii 2012, dawladda Jabuuti oo kaashanaysa DP World waxay bilawday dhismaha dekedda Dooraale ,  oo ah deked saddexaad oo weyn oo loogu talagalay in lagu horumariyo awoodda isu-socodka qaranka. Mashruuc dhan $396 milyan, waxa uu awood u leeyahay in uu qaado 1.5 milyan iyo labaatan cagood sannadkii. 
Djibouti waxa ay gashay kaalinta 177-aad ee ugu nabdoon halka loo maal galiyo aduunka marka la eego qiimaynta halista Euromoney Country ee March 2011.  Si loo hagaajiyo jawiga maalgashiga tooska ah ee shisheeye, maamulka Djibouti oo kaashanaya hay'adaha aan faa'iido doonka ahayn ee kala duwan ayaa bilaabay tiro mashaariic horumarineed ah oo loogu talagalay in lagu muujiyo awoodda ganacsi ee dalka. Dawladdu waxay sidoo kale soo bandhigtay siyaasado cusub oo ganacsi oo gaar loo leeyahay oo lagu beegsanayo dulsaarka sare iyo sicir-bararka, oo ay ku jiraan dabcinta culayska cashuuraha ee shirkadaha iyo oggolaanshaha ka-dhaafitaanka cashuurta isticmaalka.  Intaa waxaa dheer, dadaal ayaa la sameeyay si loo dhimo qiyaasta 60% ee heerka shaqo la'aanta magaalooyinka iyadoo la abuurayo fursado shaqo oo badan iyada oo loo marayo maalgelinta qaybaha kala duwan. Lacagaha ayaa si gaar ah ugu baxay dhismaha kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta iyo kordhinta dakhliga la iska tuuri karo iyadoo la taageerayo ganacsiyada yaryar. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay awooddeeda kobaca, waaxda kalluumeysiga iyo beer-soo-saarka, oo ka dhigan qiyaastii 15% GDP, ayaa sidoo kale ku riyaaqday maalgashiga kor u kaca tan iyo 2008. 
Si loo balaadhiyo qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah, warshad koronto-dhaliye ah oo 56 megawatt ah oo la qorsheeyay in la dhammeeyo 2018 ayaa la dhisayaa iyadoo la kaashanayo OPEC , Bangiga Adduunka iyo Xarunta Deegaanka Caalamiga ah . Xaruntan ayaa la filayaa inay xalliso koronto yaraan soo noqnoqotay, hoos u dhigto ku tiirsanaanta qaranka Itoobiya ee tamarta, hoos u dhigi doonta saliidda qaaliga ah ee la soo dhoofiyo ee naaftada laga dhaliyo koronto, oo ay hoos u dhigto GDP iyo deynta hoose. 
Shirkadda Djibouti ee Maalgelinta Salt (SIS) ayaa bilawday hawlgal ballaadhan oo ay ku warshadaynayso milixda badan ee gobolka Harada Casal ee Djibouti. Mashruucan oo lagu shaqaynayo 4 milyan oo tan sanadkiiba, ayaa mashruucan nadiifinta ah waxa uu kor u qaaday dakhligii dhoofinta, waxa uu abuuray fursado shaqo oo badan, waxa kale oo uu dadka deegaanka u keenay biyo macaan.   Sannadkii 2012, dawladda Djibouti waxay sidoo kale qoratay adeegyada shirkadda China Harbor Engineering Company Ltd ee dhismaha terminalka macdanta. qiimihiisu dhan yahay $64 milyan, mashruucani waxa uu u sahashay Djibouti in ay 5,000 oo tan oo milix ah u dhoofiso sannadkii suuqyo ku yaala Koonfur Bari Aasiya
[[File:Djibouti GDP 1985 to 2015.png|thumb|Wax-soo-saarka guud ee Djibouti waxa uu kordhay celcelis ahaan in ka badan 6 boqolkiiba sannadkii, laga bilaabo US$341 milyan sannadkii 1985 ilaa US$1.5 bilyan sannadkii 2015]]
Wax-soo-saarka guud ee Djibouti waxa uu kordhay celcelis ahaan in ka badan 6 boqolkiiba sannadkii, laga bilaabo US$341 milyan sannadkii 1985 ilaa US$1.5 bilyan sannadkii 2015. Faran Jabuuti waa lacagta Djibouti. Waxa soo saara Baanka dhexe ee Jabuuti oo ah maamulka lacagta dalka . Maadaama faranka Jabuuti lagu qiimeeyay dollarka Maraykanka, guud ahaan wuu xasiloon yahay, sicir-bararkana dhib ma laha. Taasi waxay ka qayb qaadatay xiisaha loo qabo maalgashiga dalka oo sii kordhaya. 
Laga bilaabo 2010 , 10 bangi oo caadi ah iyo kuwo Islaami ah ayaa ka hawlgala Jabuuti. Badi waxay yimaadeen dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, oo ay ku jiraan xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee Dahabshiil iyo BDCD, oo hoos timaada Maalgelinta Maaliyadda Swiss. Nidaamka bangiyada waxaa hore u maamulay laba hay'adood: Bangiga Indo-Suez iyo Bangiga Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha (BCIMR). Si loo xaqiijiyo qaybta amaahda iyo dhigaalka adag, dawladdu waxay u baahan tahay bangiyada ganacsiga inay ilaaliyaan 30% saamiyada hay'adda maaliyadeed; Ugu yaraan 300 milyan oo faran Jabuutiyaan ah oo ku jira raasamaalka hore waa qasab bangiyada caalamiga ah . Amaah-siinta sidoo kale waxaa lagu dhiirigeliyay abuurista sanduuq dammaanad ah, kaas oo u oggolaanaya bangiyada inay soo saaraan deyn ganacsiyada yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ee u qalma iyada oo aan marka hore u baahnayn deebaaji badan ama dammaanad kale. 
Maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo waramayaa in ay sahminayaan suurtagalnimada in ay isku xiraan Geeska Afrika iyo Jasiiradda Carabta iyaga oo sii maraya buundada dibadda ah ee dhex marta Jabuuti oo dhererkeedu yahay 28.5km (17.7 mi) , loona yaqaan Buundada Geeska . Maalgeliyaha Tarek bin Laden ayaa lala xiriiriyay mashruuca. Bishii Juun 2010, Wajiga I ee mashruuca dib baa loo dhigay. 
===Gaadiidka===
[[File:The Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport.png|thumb|Terminalka Weyn ee Jabuuti–Ambouli International Airport]]
Gegida dayuuradaha ee Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport ee magaalada Djibouti , oo ah madaarka kaliya ee caalamiga ah ee wadanku leeyahay, waxa uu u adeegaa marino badan oo qaaradaha isaga kala goosha oo leh duulimaadyo qorshaysan iyo kuwo kiro ah. Diyaaradda Air Jabuuti ayaa ah midda qaada calanka dalka Jabuuti, waana diyaaradda ugu weyn ee laga leeyahay dalka Jabuuti.
Jidka tareenka ee Addis Ababa-Jabuuti ayaa shaqo bilaabay bishii January ee sanadkan 2018. Ujeedada ugu wayn ayaa ah in la fududeeyo adeega xamuulka ee isaga kala gooshi jiray dhulka Itoobiya iyo dekeda Dooraale ee dalka Jabuuti .
Doomaha Baabuurtu waxay ka soo maraan Gacanka Tadjoura iyagoo ka soo raacaya Magaalada Jabuuti ilaa Tadjoura . Waxaa jirta Dekedda Dooraale oo dhanka galbeed ka xigta magaalada Jabuuti, taasoo ah dekedda ugu weyn Jabuuti. Dekadda Dooraale waa marinka cusub ee Jidka Tareenka ee Addis-Ababa iyo Jabuuti. Marka laga soo tago Dekedda Dooraale oo laga soo dejiyo shixnadaha guud iyo shidaalka, Jabuuti (2018) waxay leedahay saddex dekedood oo kale oo waaweyn oo laga soo dejiyo lagana dhoofiyo badeecadaha iyo xoolaha nool, Dekedda Tadjourah (potash), Dekedda Damerjoog (xoolo) iyo Dekedda Goubet (milix). Ku dhawaad ​​95% badeecadaha ay Itoobiya kala soo degto ama ka dhoofsato waxay maraan dekedaha Jabuuti.
Habka dariiqa weyn ee Jabuuti waxaa loo magacaabay si waafaqsan kala soocidda waddada. Waddooyinka loo aqoonsan yahay waddooyinka aasaasiga ah waa kuwa daamurkoodu dhan yahay (dhererkooda oo dhan) iyo guud ahaan isu socodka magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Jabuuti.
Jabuuti waxa ay ka mid tahay Waddada Xariirta Badda ee Qarnigii 21-aad oo ka bilaabma Xeebta Shiinaha ilaa Gobolka Sare ee Adriatic oo isku xidha badhtamaha iyo Bariga Yurub.
===Warbaahinta iyo isgaarsiinta===
[[File:Djibtelcom2.jpg|thumb|Xarunta Jabuuti Telecom ee magaalada Jabuuti]]
Isgaarsiinta Jabuuti waxay hoos timaadaa Wasaaradda Isgaarsiinta. 
Jabuuti Telecom waa bixisa adeega isgaadhsiinta kaliya. Waxay inta badan adeegsataa shabakada gudbinta raadiyaha microwave. Fiilada fiber optic-ga ayaa lagu rakibay caasimadda, halka miyiga ay ku xiran yihiin nidaamyada raadiyaha maxalliga ah ee loop wireless. Daboolista mobilada ayaa ugu horayn ku xaddidan aagga gudaha iyo hareeraha magaalada Jabuuti. Laga soo bilaabo 2015 , 23,000 oo khadadka telefoonada ah iyo 312,000 khadadka mobilada/mobileka ayaa la isticmaalayey. SEA -ME-WE 3 fiilada hoosteeda waxay ka shaqeysaa Jeddah , Suez , Sicily, Marseille , Colombo , Singapore iyo wixii ka baxsan. Saldhigyada dhulka ee dayax-gacmeedka ee taleefoonada waxaa ka mid ah 1 Intelsat (Badweynta Hindiya) iyo 1 Arabsat . Medarabtel waa shabakadda taleefanka wareejinta raadiyaha microwave-ka ee gobolka.
Raadiyo Televisionka Jabuuti waa warbaahin qaran oo ay dowladdu leedahay. Waxa ay maamushaa TV-ga kaliya ee dhulka, iyo sidoo kale labada shabakadood ee raadiyaha gudaha ee AM 1, FM 2, iyo shortwave 0. Shatiyeynta iyo ka shaqaynta warbaahinta waxaa nidaamiya dawladda. Tiyaatarada filimada waxaa ka mid ah Shineemada Odeon ee caasimadda.
Laga soo bilaabo 2012 , waxa jiray 215 adeeg bixiye internet oo maxalli ah. Isticmaalayaasha internetku waxay ka koobnaayeen 99,000 oo qof (2015). Dalka intarneedku heerka sare waa .dj .
Wargeysyada daabacaadda ee ugu waaweyn waxaa iska leh dowladda: wargeyska maalinlaha ah ee afka Faransiiska ku hadla ee La Nation , wargeyska toddobaadlaha ah ee Jabuuti Boostada , iyo toddobaadlaha Carabiga Al-Qarn . Waxa kale oo jirta wakaaladda wararka dawladda , Agence Djiboutienne d'Information. Mareegaha wararka ee aan dawliga ahayn waxay saldhigoodu yihiin dibadda; tusaale ahaan, La Voix de Jabuuti  waxay ka hawlgashaa Belgium.
===Dalxiiska===
[[File:Photo of Gulf Of Tadjoura.png|thumb|Carta Plage oo ku taal Gacanka Tadjoura]]
Dalxiiska dalka Jabuuti ayaa ka mid ah dhinacyada kobaca dhaqaalaha dalka, waana warshad ay soo galaan wax ka yar 80,000 oo qof sanadkii, kuwaasoo u badan qoyska iyo asxaabta askarta ku sugan saldhigyada waaweyn ee ciidamada badda ee dalkaasi.  Inkasta oo tirooyinka ay sii kordhayaan, waxaa jira wadahadalo ku saabsan fiisaha imaatinka ee la joojiyo, taas oo xaddidi karta koritaanka dalxiiska.
Kaabayaasha dhaqaale waxay ku adkeynayaan dalxiisayaasha inay si madax-bannaan u safraan, kharashyada dalxiisyada gaarka ahna waa sarreeyaa. Tan iyo markii dib loo furay khadka tareenka ee Addis Ababa ilaa Jabuuti Janaayo 2018,  safarka dhulka ayaa sidoo kale dib loo bilaabay. Labada mucjis ee juqraafiyeed ee ugu waaweyn Djibouti waa harada Abbe iyo harada Assal, waa meelaha ugu badan ee loo dalxiis tago. Labada goobood waxay soo jiitaan boqollaal dalxiisayaal ah sannad kasta iyagoo raadinaya meelo fogfog oo aan dad badani booqan.
===Tamarta===
Jabuuti waxa ku rakiban koronto ka dhalinaysa 126 MW shidaalka shidaalka iyo naaftada. [ 208 ] Sannadkii 2002 wax soo saarka korantada ayaa lagu dhejiyay 232 GWh, iyadoo la isticmaalayo 216 GWh. Sannadka 2015, isticmaalka koronto ee qofkiiba waa qiyaastii 330 kilowatt-saacadood (kWh); Intaa waxaa dheer, qiyaastii 45% dadku ma helaan koronto, [ 208 ] iyo heerka baahida aan la daboolin ee waaxda korontada ee dalka ayaa ah mid muhiim ah. Korodhka tamarta biyaha laga keeno ee Itoobiya , taasoo buuxinaysa 65% baahida Djibouti, waxay door weyn ka qaadan doontaa kor u qaadista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo ee dalka. [ 208 ] Awoodda geothermal waxay abuurtay xiiso gaar ah Japan, oo leh 13 goobood oo suurtagal ah; waxay mar hore ka bilaabeen dhismaha hal goob oo u dhow harada Assal. Dhismaha xarunta korantada ee sawirka Voltaic (beeraha qorraxda) ee Grand Bara waxay dhalin doontaa 50 MW.
==Tirakoobka dadweynaha==
[[File:An Afar nomad.jpg|thumb|Nin Canfar ah oo dharka reer guuraaga ah]]
qowmiyadood ee ugu badan ee u dhashay Jabuuti waa Soomaalida (60%) iyo Canfarta (35%). [ Qaybta qabiilka Soomaalidu waxa ay badi ka kooban tahay Ciise (oo ka kooban 33%), waxa ku xiga Gadabuursi (15–20%) iyo Isaaq (13.3-20%).  5% ka hadhay dadka reer Djibouti waxay ka kooban yihiin Yemeniyiin Carab ah , Xabashida iyo Yurubiyaanka ( Faransiiska iyo Talyaaniga ). Ku dhawaad ​​76% dadka deegaanka waa reer magaal; inta soo hartay waa xoolo dhaqato . Jabuuti waxa kale oo ay martigelisaa tiro dad ah oo soo galooti ah iyo qaxooti ka yimid dawladaha jaarka ah, iyadoo magaalada Djibouti lagu naanayso &quot;Faransiiska Hong Kong ee Badda Cas&quot; taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay magaalo-madaxeedka guud. Jabuuti waxay ku taal xeebta bari ee Afrika waxay ka dhigtay xudunta socdaalka gobolka , iyada oo Soomaali, Yemeni iyo Itoobiyaan ay u socdaalayaan waddanka iyagoo u sii socda Khaliijka iyo waqooyiga Afrika . Dalka Jabuuti ayaa waxaa kusoo qulqulaya tahriibayaal badan oo ka imaanaya dalka Yemen
===Luuqadaha===
Jabuuti waa wadan ku hadla luqado badan .  Inta badan dadka deegaanka waxay ku hadlaan af-soomaali (60%) iyo Canfarta (35%) sida luqadaha koowaad. Waa afafka hooyo ee qowmiyadaha Soomaalida iyo canfarta, siday u kala horreeyaan. Labada luqadoodba waxay ka tirsan yihiin qoyska weyn ee Kushitigga Afroasiatic . Af-Soomaaliga Waqooyi waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka iyo dalka deriska la ah ee Somaliland, marka la barbardhigo Soomaalida Banaadiriga oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Soomaaliya. Jabuuti waxaa ka jira laba luqadood oo rasmi ah: Carabi iyo Faransiis . 
Carabigu waa diin muhiimad. Goobaha rasmiga ah, waxay ka kooban tahay Carabiga Heerka Casriga ah . Sida la wada ogsoon yahay, ilaa 59,000 oo dadka deegaanka ahi waxay ku hadlaan lahjada Carabiga ee Ta'izzi-Adeni , oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Carabi Jabuuti . Faransiisku wuxuu u adeegaa sidii luqad qaran oo sharci ah. Waxa laga dhaxlay gumaysigii, waana afka koowaad ee wax lagu barto. Ku dhawaad ​​17,000 oo reer Jabuuti ah ayaa ugu hadla luqadda koowaad. Luqadaha soogalootiga waxaa ka mid ah Cumaan Carabi (38,900 ku hadla), Amxaari (1,400 ku hadla), iyo Giriig (1,000 ku hadla).
===Diinta===
Dadka reer Djibouti waxay u badan yihiin Muslimiin . Islaamka waxaa lagu arkay ku dhawaad ​​98% dadweynaha dalka (qiyaastii 891,000 ilaa 2022 ). Laga bilaabo 2012 , 94% dadku waxay ahaayeen Muslimiin halka 6% soo hadhay ay yihiin Masiixiyiin raacsan. 
Islaamku wuxuu gobolka soo galay xilli hore, iyadoo koox muslimiin ah oo la dhibaateeyay ay magangelyo u soo galeen badda cas ee Geeska Afrika, taasoo uu ku booriyay nebi Muxamed . Sannadkii 1900-kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku sugnaa dhulkaas, iyadoo 100-300 oo qof oo kaliya ay ka yimaadeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee faransiiska Somaliland . Dastuurka Djibouti waxa uu Islaamka u magacaabay diinta kaliya ee dawliga ah , waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa sinnaanta muwaadiniinta diimaha oo dhan (qodobka 1) iyo xoriyada ku dhaqanka diinta (Qodobka 11). Muslimiinta deegaanka intooda badan waxay u hoggaansamaan mad-habta Sunniga , iyagoo raacaya mad-hab Shaafici . Muslimiinta aan mabda'a ahayn waxay inta badan ka tirsan yihiin amarrada suufiyada ee dugsiyo kala duwan.  Marka loo eego Warbixinta Xorriyadda Diimaha Caalamiga ah ee 2008, halka Muslimiinta Jabuutiyaanku ay xaq u leeyihiin inay u beddelaan ama guursadaan qof caqiido kale ah, kuwa beddelaya waxay la kulmi karaan falcelin xun oo ka yimaada qoyskooda iyo qabiilkooda ama bulshada guud ahaan, waxayna inta badan la kulmaan cadaadis ah inay ku noqdaan Islaamka. 
Diocese -ka Djibouti waxa ay u adeegtaa dad yar oo maxalli ah oo Catholic ah , kuwaas oo ay ku qiyaaseen ilaa 7,000 oo qof sanadkii 2006.
===Caafimaadka===
[[File:Institut Supérieur des Sciences et de la Santé (ISSS)'s Faculty of Medicine in Djibouti City, Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka kuliyada caafimaadka ee ISSS ee magaalada Jabuuti]]
Rajada nolosha ee dhalashada waxay ku dhowdahay 64.7 lab iyo dheddig labadaba. Dhalintu waa 2.35 carruur ah haweeneydiiba. Jabuuti waxa jooga ilaa 18 dhakhtar 100,000kii qofba. 
Heerka dhimashada hooyada 2010 ee 100,000 ee dhallaanka Jabuuti waa 300. Tan marka la barbar dhigo 461.6 2008 iyo 606.5 ee 1990. Heerka dhimashada 5 ka yar 1,000 dhalladu waa 95 iyo dhimashada dhallaanka waa 5% dhimashada Djibouti boqolkiiba 5. 1,000kiiba dhalmada nool waa 6 iyo khatarta nolosha ee dhimashada haweenka uurka leh 1 ka mid ah 93. 
Qiyaastii 93.1% dumarka iyo gabdhaha reer Djibouti ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah (FGM, oo mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan 'gudniinka dumarka'),  caado guurka ka hor inta badan ku dhacda Waqooyi Bari Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow.  Inkasta oo si sharci ah loo mamnuucay 1994, nidaamka ayaa weli si ballaaran loogu dhaqmaa, maadaama uu si qoto dheer ugu dhex jiro dhaqanka maxalliga ah. Dhiirigelinta iyo fulinta haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, Gudniinka Fircooniga ah waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in lagu joojiyo sinada iyo in laga ilaaliyo weerarka.  Ilaa 94% dadka reer Djibouti ee ragga ah ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo waramayaa in lagu sameeyay gudniinka ragga , taas oo waafaqsan diinta Islaamka; Mad -habka Shaaficiga ee Islaamka , oo ah mad-habka ugu weyn Geeska Afrika, wuxuu u baahan yahay gudniinka ragga iyo dumarka.
===Waxbarashada===
Waxbarashadu waa mudnaanta dawladda Jabuuti. Laga bilaabo 2009 , waxay u qoondaysaa 20.5% miisaaniyadeeda sanadlaha ah waxbarida iskoolka.
[[File:Djibwomglopul.jpeg|thumb|Haweenka reer Jabuuti ee ka qayb qaadanaya barnaamijka Global Pulse Education initiative (2010)]]
Nidaamka waxbarasho ee Jabuuti ayaa markii hore loo dejiyay in lagu fuliyo saldhig arday oo xaddidan. Sidan oo kale, qaab dhismeedka dugsiyeedku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u xeel dheer oo laga soo qaatay jaantuskii gumaystaha Faransiiska, kaas oo aan ku habboonayn duruufaha iyo baahiyaha maxalliga ah. 
Dabayaaqadii sagaashameeyadii, masuuliyiinta Jabuuti waxa ay dib u eegis ku sameeyeen istiraatijiyadda waxbarashada qaranka waxa ayna daah-fureen hannaan wada-tashi sal ballaadhan oo ay ku lug lahaayeen masuuliyiinta maamulka, macalimiinta, waalidiinta, xubnaha golayaasha qaranka iyo ururada aan dawliga ahayn. Hindisuhu waxa uu tilmaamay meelaha u baahan in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho waxana uu soo saaray talooyin la taaban karo oo ku saabsan sidii loo horumarin lahaa. Dawladdu waxay intaa dabadeed diyaarisay qorshe dib-u-habayn oo dhammaystiran oo looga dan lahaa in lagu casriyeeyo qaybta waxbarashada muddadii 2000-10. Bishii Agoosto 2000, waxay ansixisay Sharciga Qorshaynta Waxbarashada ee rasmiga ah waxayna diyaarisay qorshe horumarineed oo dhexdhexaad ah shanta sano ee soo socota. Nidaamka tacliinta aasaasiga ah si weyn ayaa loo habeeyey oo laga dhigay mid khasab ah; hadda waxa uu ka kooban yahay shan sano oo dugsi hoose ah iyo afar sano oo dugsi dhexe ah. Dugsiyada sare waxay sidoo kale u baahan yihiin Shahaadada Waxbarashada aasaasiga ah si loo galo. Sidoo kale, sharcigan cusub waxa uu soo bandhigay barasho heer sare ah oo dhanka farsamada gacanta ah, waxaana dalka laga hirgeliyay xarumo jaamacadeed. 
Natiijadu waxay tahay Xeerka Qorshaynta Waxbarashada iyo istiraatijiyadda waxqabadka muddada-dhexe, horumar la taaban karo ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay dhammaan qaybaha waxbarashada. Gaar ahaan, is-diiwaangelinta dugsiga, imaanshaha, iyo heerka haynta ayaa dhammaantood si joogto ah u kordhay, iyada oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho heer gobol ah. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2005 ilaa 2007–08, diiwangelinta saafiga ah ee hablaha ee dugsiga hoose waxay sare u kacday 18.6%; wiilasha, waxay kordheen 8.0%. Isdiiwaangelinta saafiga ah ee dugsiga dhexe isla muddadaas ayaa kor u kacday 72.4% gabdhaha iyo 52.2% wiilasha. Heerka sare, heerka korodhka isdiiwaangelinta saafiga ah wuxuu ahaa 49.8% gabdhaha iyo 56.1% wiilasha. 
Dawladda Jabuuti waxay si gaar ah diiradda u saartay horumarinta iyo horumarinta kaabayaasha hay’adaha iyo agabka waxbarashada, oo ay ku jiraan dhisidda fasallo cusub iyo keenista buugaagta waxbarashada. Heerka dugsiga sare ka dib, waxaa sidoo kale xoogga la saaray soo saarista macalimiin aqoon leh iyo dhiirigelinta da'yarta ka baxsan dugsiga inay sii wataan tababar xirfadeed. Laga bilaabo 2012 , heerka wax-akhris ee Djibouti waxa lagu qiyaasay 70%. 
Machadyada tacliinta sare ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah jaamacadda Jabuuti .

==Dhaqanka==
[[File:Wood jar from Oue`a, Tadjoura, Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Dhalada alwaax-dhaqameed ee laga soo xardhay Oue'a ee gobolka Tadjourah]]Labbiska Jabuuti ayaa ka tarjumaya cimilada kulul iyo qalalan ee gobolka. Marka aan labisan dharka reer galbeedka sida jiinis iyo funaanado, nimanku caadi ahaan waxay xirtaan macawiis , taas oo ah dharka dhaqanka ee sarong -sida oo lagu xidho dhexda. Dad badan oo reer guuraa ah waxay xidhaan maro cad oo dabacsan oo suuf ah oo la yiraahdo tobe oo hoos ugu dhaadhacaya jilibka, iyadoo dhamaadka lagu tuuray garabka (sida toga Roomaanka ).
Dumarku waxay sida caadiga ah xidhaan diraac , kaas oo ah dhar dheer, iftiin, dhar voile ah oo diafanous ah oo ka samaysan suuf ama polyester kaas oo la gashado dharbaaxo dhererkiisu dhan yahay iyo rajabeeto. Dumarka la qabo waxay jecel yihiin inay ku ciyaaraan maro-xijaab oo loo yaqaan shaash waxayna inta badan ku daboolaan jirkooda sare shawl loo yaqaan garbasaar . Dumarka aan guursan ama da'da yar had iyo jeer ma daboolaan madaxa. Dharka carbeed ee dhaqameed sida jellabiya ( jellabiyaad af Soomaaliga) iyo jilibka dheddigga ayaa sidoo kale caadi ahaan loo xidhaa. Mararka qaarkood sida xafladaha, haweenku waxay isku qurxin karaan dahabka gaarka ah iyo dharka madaxa oo la mid ah kuwa ay xidhaan qabiilooyinka Berber ee Magrib . 
In badan oo ka mid ah fannaankii asalka ahaa ee Djibouti ayaa lagu gudbiyaa oo lagu xafidaa afka, gaar ahaan heesaha. Tusaalayaal badan oo Islaami ah, Cusmaaniyiin, iyo Faransiis ayaa sidoo kale lagu xusi karaa dhismayaasha maxalliga ah, kuwaas oo ka kooban balastar, motifs si taxadar leh loo dhisay , iyo sawir-gacmeed .
===Muusiga===
[[File:Oud - MIM PHX.jpg|thumb|Cuudku waa aaladda caadiga ah ee muusiga dhaqanka ee Djibouti .]]
Soomaalidu waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Taasi waa, kaliya waxay isticmaalaan shan garoon octave kasta marka loo eego miisaanka heptotonic (toddobo note) sida miisaanka weyn . Marka hore dhageyso, muusiga Soomaalida waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta , laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama &quot;codka&quot;). Balwo waa qaab faneedka Soomaalida oo ku qotoma mowduucyo jacayl oo caan ka ah Jabuuti. 
Muusiga dhaqanka Canfarta waxa uu u eg yahay muusiga caanka ah ee qaybaha kale ee Geeska Afrika sida Itoobiya ; waxa kale oo ku jira qaybo ka mid ah muusiga carabiga . Taariikhda Jabuuti waxa ay ku qoran tahay gabayada iyo heesaha ay leeyihiin dadkeeda reer guuraaga ah, waxaanay soo taxnayd kumannaan sanadood oo ay dadka reer Djibouti hargaha iyo hargaha ka iibsan jireen udugga iyo xawaashka hore ee Masar , Hindiya iyo Shiinaha. Suugaanta afka Canfarta sidoo kale waa mid muusiko ah. Waxay ku timaadaa noocyo badan, oo ay ku jiraan heesaha aroosyada, dagaal, ammaan iyo faan. 
===Suugaanta===
Jabuuti waxay leedahay dhaqan soo jireen ah oo gabayga ah. Dhowr nooc oo af-soomaali ah oo si wanaagsan u horumaray ayaa waxaa ka mid ah gabay , jiifto , geeraar , wiglo , 'buraanbur , beercade , afarey iyo guuraw . Gabayga (gabayga hal-abuurka ah) waxa uu leeyahay dhererka iyo mitirka ugu kakan, oo inta badan ka badan 100 sadar . Waxa lagu tiriyaa sumadda hanashada maansada marka uu abwaanka da’da yar awoodo in uu tiriyo tuducyadan oo kale, waxaana loo arkaa dhererka gabayga. Kooxo xafidayaal iyo akhriyayaal ah ( xafidayaal ) ayaa dhaqan ahaan faafiyay qaabka fanka ee si wanaagsan u horumaray. Gabayadu waxay ku wareegsan yihiin dhowr mawduuc oo waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan baroorodiiq (elegy), amaan (amaan), jacayl (jacayl), guhaadin (diatribe), digasho (gloating) iyo guubaabo (guudance). Baroordiiq waxa loo curiyey in lagu xuso geeridii abwaan ama halyey caan ahaa.  Cafartu waxay yaqaaniin ginili , oo ah nooc ka mid ah dagaalyahannada- gabayaaga iyo faaliyeyaasha, waxayna leeyihiin caado af ah oo qani ah oo sheeko xariireed. Waxay kaloo leeyihiin riwaayado badan oo heeso dagaal ah. 
Intaa waxaa dheer, Jabuuti waxay leedahay dhaqan soo jireen ah oo suugaanta Islaamka ah. Shaqooyinka taariikhiga ah ee ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah Futuh Al-Habash ee dhexe ee Shihāb al-Dīn, kaas oo ka warramaya qabsashadii Adal Sultanate ee Abyssinia qarnigii 16aad.  Sannadihii u dambeeyay, tiro siyaasiyiin ah iyo aqoonyahanno ayaa iyaguna qalinka ku duugay xusuus-qoraal ama dib-u-eegis ku saabsan dalka
[[File:El Hadj Hassan Gouled Aptidon Stadium.jpg|thumb|Garoonka El Hadj Hassan Gouled Aptidoon ee Magaalada Jabuuti]]
Kubada cagta waa ciyaarta ugu caansan ee reer Jabuuti dhexdooda. Wadanku waxa uu xubin ka noqday FIFA 1994-tii, laakiin waxa uu ka qayb qaatay oo kaliya wareegii isreeb-reebka koobka qaramada Afrika iyo sidoo kale Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA bartamihii 2000-aadkii. Bishii Nofembar 2007, xulka kubbadda cagta Jabuuti ayaa 1-0 ku garaacay xulka qaranka Soomaaliya wareegii isreeb-reebka Koobka Adduunka ee 2010 , taasoo u dhiganta guushoodii ugu horreysay ee la xiriirta Koobka Adduunka.
Dhowaan ayay ahayd markii ururka falaarta adduunku uu gacan ka gaystay hirgalinta xiriirka falaarta Jabuuti, waxaana Carta laga dhisayaa xarun caalami ah oo lagu tababaro falaarta si ay uga taageerto horumarinta falaarta ee bariga Afrika iyo dhulka badda cas
===Cunto===
[[File:Sambusadish.jpg|thumb|Saxan sambusas ah , cunto fudud oo dhaqameed caan ah]]
Cunnada Jabuuti waa isku dhafka Soomaalida , Canfarta , Yemeni , iyo cunnada Faransiiska , oo leh qaar ka mid ah Koonfurta Aasiya (gaar ahaan Hindiya ) oo saameyn ku leh cunnada. Suxuunta maxaliga ah ayaa sida caadiga ah loo diyaariyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo xawaashyo badan oo Bariga Dhexe ah, oo u dhexeeya saffron ilaa qorfe . Kalluunka Yemen ee la dubay, oo kala badh la furay oo inta badan lagu kariyo foornooyinka nooca tandoori, ayaa ah cunto maxalli ah. Cuntooyinka basbaaska leh waxay ku yimaadaan noocyo badan, laga bilaabo Fah-fah- dhaqameedka ama &quot; Soupe Djiboutienne &quot; ( maraq hilib lo'aad oo basbaas leh), ilaa qoyan ( fuud khudrad isku qasan oo basbaas leh). Xalwo (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa &quot;halwo&quot;) ama halva waa macmacaanka caanka ah ee la cuno xilliyada ciidaha, sida damaashaadka ciida ama xafladaha aroosyada. Halva waxa laga sameeyaa sonkorta, istaarijka galleyda , budada karoomada , budada nutmeg iyo subagga . Lawska ayaa mararka qaarkood lagu daraa si kor loogu qaado dhadhanka iyo dhadhanka.  Cuntada ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameed waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ( cuunsi ) ama fooxa ( lubaan ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa oo loo yaqaan dabqaad 

===Gobolada Jabuuti===
Jabuuti waxaa loo qaybiyaa lix gobol oo maamul ah.

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 align=center style=&quot;border:1px solid grey; border-collapse:collapse&quot;
|- 
! bgcolor=lightgrey | N°
! bgcolor=lightgrey | Gobol
! bgcolor=lightgrey | Magaalo Madax
! bgcolor=lightgrey | Bed ama baaxad 
! bgcolor=lightgrey | Tirada dadka
| bgcolor=white rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | [[image:Gobolada Jabuuti khariidada.png|450 px]]
|-
| 1
| Gobolka Jabuuti
| [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]]
| 200
| 603,000
|-
| 2
| Gobolka Cali Sabiix
| [[Cali Sabiix]]
| 2,400
| 93,207
|-
| 3
| [[Gobolka Carta]]
| [[Carta]]
| 1,800
| 60,966
|-
| 4
| Gobolka Dikhil
| Dikhil
| 7,200
| 99,569
|-
| 5
| Gobolka Tajuura
| Tajuura
| 7,100
| 108,249
|-
| 6 
| Gobolka Obokh
| Obokh
| 4,700
| 45,648
|-
|}

[[File:Khariidadda Jabuuti.png|thumb|200px|Khariidadda Jabuuti]]

===Jasiiradaha===
* Moucha 
* Maskali 
* Abou Maya 
* Ile Warramous
* Ounda Dabali
* Kaḏḏa Dâbali
* Guinni Kôma

===Xubin ka ah===
Jabuuti waxay xubin ka tahay ururadan hoos ku dhigan:
* [[IGAD]]
* [[CEN-SAD]]
* [[Comesa]]
*[[Jaamacada Carabta]] (Unionka Mediterraneanka) 
*[[Bankiga Aduunka]]
*[[Midowga Afrika]]
===Ciidanka Xooga===
Wadanka jabuuti wuxuu leeyahay ciidanka dhulka, ciidanka badda, iyo ciidanka cirka.
Militariga jabuuti waxay gaarayaan, 16,763askari
* 8,260 waa rag
* 8,503 waa dumar
===Lacagta===
::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Lacagta Jabuuti]]''
Faranka Jabuuti ({{lang-fr|Djiboutian franc}}) waa [[lacag]]ta dowliga ah ee laga isticmaalo wadanka Jabuuti. Lambarka diiwaangelinta caalamiga ah waa [[ISO 4217]], waxaana summad u ah ''DJF''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110713033224/http://www.infotech2003.com/catalogue/World/cata.asp?Country=Djibouti infotech (2003) catalogue World cata]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20091015115427/http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/countries/djibouti.html World Reserve Bank]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:1000 Djiboutian Francs in 2005 Obverse.jpg|thumb|left|140px|1000 Jabuuti frank (1977).]]
Sanadkii 1884 waxaa la aasaasay maamulkii [[Xeebta Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiis]] wakhtigaas oo lagu istimaali jirey [[Lacag Faransiis]] iyo [[Lacag Hindi]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadkii 1948 ayaa Jabuuti loo sameeyay lacagta shilinka ah markii ugu horeeysay taasi oo loogu magac-daray &quot;Côte Française des Somalis&quot;. Markii wadanka Jabuuti qaatey xoriyada 1977 ayaa dib uhabayn balaadhan lagu sameeyay lacagta wadanka.&lt;ref&gt;From 1884, when the [[French Somaliland]] protectorate was established, the [[French franc]] circulated alongside the [[Indian rupee]] and the [[Maria Theresa thaler]].&lt;/ref&gt;
==Bulshada==
=== Shacabka ===
Dadka Jabuuti ku nool waxay ka kooban yihiin [[Soomaali]], [[Canfar]], xoogaa [[Yemen]]i ah iyo tiro yar oo dad kale ah. waxaa u badan SOMAALIDA 00 ka badan 67% shacabka Jabuuti oo dhan, dadka Cafariga waa 31%, dadka kale oo ka yimaaday wadamada SOMAALIYA Yurubiyaanka iyo carabta iyo wadanka itoobiya neh wee joogaan.
==Muuqaalo==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Djibcapital.jpg|Magaalo madaxda Jabuuti
&lt;/gallery&gt;
==Sido kale fiiri==
* [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]]
*[[Soomaaliya]]
*[[Somaliland]]
*[[Itoobiya]]
*[[Eratareya]]
* [[Astaanta Calanka Jabuuti]]
* [http://www.osmansoysal.com/resimlerim/album.html#5300801287542640993/1 Jabuuti Photo's] {{Wayback|url=http://www.osmansoysal.com/resimlerim/album.html#5300801287542640993/1 |date=20091202160120 }}
==Tixraac ==
[https://hal.science/hal-02155003/ &quot;Fauna kalluunka qadiimiga ah ee Asa Koma (Jabuuti) iyo xogta casriga ah ee osteometric ee 3 Tilapiini iyo 2 Clarias catfish&quot;]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=WU92d6sB8JAC&amp;dq=marco+polo+adal&amp;pg=PA20 Qaamuuska Taariikhiga ah ee Itoobiya]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=zpYBD3bzW1wC&amp;pg=PA50 Xuduudka Itoobiya: Qormooyinka Taariikhda Gobolka laga soo bilaabo Waayihii hore ilaa Dhamaadkii Qarnigii 18aad - Google Books&quot;]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=zpYBD3bzW1wC&amp;pg=PP1 Xuduudaha Itoobiya: Qormo ku jira Taariikhda Gobolka laga soo bilaabo Waayihii Hore ilaa Dhamaadkii Qarnigii 18aad]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=qo1yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=mordechai%20abir%20ethiopia Itoobiya: Waagii Amiirrada: Caqabadda Islaamka iyo dib-u-midaynta Boqortooyada Masiixiyiinta, 1769-1855]

[https://www.africanews.com/2021/04/10/djibouti-president-guelleh-wins-election-with-98-provisional-results/ &quot;Madaxwaynaha Jabuuti Geelle ayaa ku guulaystay doorashadii 98%, natiijadii ku meel gaadhka ahayd]

[https://www.eiu.com/n/democracy-index-2024/ &quot;EIU's 2024 Dimuqraadiyadda Tusmada: isbeddelka hoos u dhaca dimoqraadiyadda caalamiga ah iyo xoojinta kalitalisnimada ayaa sii socota ilaa 2024&quot;]

[https://igad.int/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=304:joint-statement-of-international-observer-missions-of-the-djibouti-presidential-elections-held-on-april-08-2011&amp;catid=61:statements&amp;Itemid=150 &quot;War-murtiyeed wadajir ah oo ay soo saareen goob-joogayaasha caalamiga ah ee doorashadii madaxtinimo ee Djibouti ee la qabtay Abriil 08, 2011&quot;]

[http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html &quot;Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay Oo Ka Hadlay Furitaanka Baarlamaanka Cusub Ee Soomaaliya &quot;Xilligii Taariikhi Ah&quot;]

[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b20f03523.html &quot;Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, &quot;Jabuuti: Xaaladda iyo daawaynta Masiixiyiinta, oo ay ku jiraan dhacdooyinka takoorka ama rabshadaha; waxtarka dib u celinta ee la heli karo kiisaska si xun loola dhaqmo; dhibaatooyinka uu la kulmi karo qofka muslimka ah hadii uu qaato diinta kiristaanka ama uu guursado masiixi (2000–2009)”, 5 August 2009”]

[http://citypopulation.de/Djibouti.html &quot;Jabuuti: Gobollada, Magaalooyinka Waaweyn &amp; Magaalooyinka - Tirakoobka Dadweynaha, Khariidadaha, Shaxda, Cimilada iyo Macluumaadka Shabkada&quot;]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=PFzdA2Hini4C&amp;pg=PA41 Haweenka ku jira bulshooyinka Muslimiinta: kala duwanaanshaha midnimada dhexdooda]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=pyWpKKlukLcC&amp;pg=PA115 Madaxbanaanida Kadib: Samaynta iyo Ilaalinta Qaranka ee Dawladaha Gumaysiga Ka Dib iyo]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&amp;pg=PA17 Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda ka dhex jirta Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&amp;pg=PA17 Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda ka dhex jirta Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika]

[https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&amp;pg=PA17 Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda ka dhex jirta Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika]

[https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/DJI &quot;Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2023/2024&quot;]{{reflist}}
{{Maqaalo Jabuuti}}
{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
{{commonscat|Djibouti|Jabuuti}}
[[Category:Jabuuti| ]]
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Islaam</title>
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      <text bytes="275167" sha1="ou4kaohhhd220rug1cwfmfg8luobqcj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox religion
| native_name        = {{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{transliteration|ar|al-Islām}}
| image              = The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg
| caption            = [[Kacbada]] ee ku taal [[Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Makka]], [[Sacuudi Carabiya]], oo ah [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]]
| type               = 
| main_classification = [[Abrahamic religions|Ibraahimi ah]]
| scripture          = {{Plainlist|
* [[Quraan]]
* Sunnada: [[Xadiis]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The saheeh Sunnah is wahy (Revelation) from Allah |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/77243/the-saheeh-sunnah-is-wahy-(revelation)-from-allah |website=islamqa.info |access-date=15 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tafsiirka: [[Tafsiir]]&lt;ref&gt;Mir, Mustansir. (1995). &quot;Tafsīr&quot;. In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| theology           = [[Tawhid|Hal ilaah aaminsan]]
| law                = [[Shareecada]]
| philosophy         = [[Falsafada Islaamka]]
| area               = [[Islam by country|Adduunka oo dhan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Global Islam&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2011/01/FutureGlobalMuslimPopulation-WebPDF-Feb10.pdf|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=27 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| language           = [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Quraanka]]
| territory          = [[Dunida Islaamka]]
| founder            = [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Maxamed]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Welch |first1=Alford T. |last2=Moussalli |first2=Ahmad S. |last3=Newby |first3=Gordon D. |date=2009 |entry=Muḥammad |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry-url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| founded_date       = {{circa|610 C.D.}}
| founded_place      = [[Jabal al-Nour]]&lt;!-- Beginnings are understood to be where Muhammad is said to have received his first ever revelation, which was inside a cave in this mountain --&gt;
| number_of_followers = {{est.}} 2 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2010–2020&quot; /&gt; {{increase}} (oo si gaar ah loogu yeero [[Muslimiin]], halka si wadajir ah loogu yeero {{transliteration|ar|[[Ummah]]}})
| separations        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ali-Illahism]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&amp;q=ali%2520illahism&amp;pg=PA216|title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum|last=Layard|first=Austen Henry|date=2010-08-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108016773|page=216|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Druze faith]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of American Islam |first=Yvonne |last=Yazbeck Haddad |year=2014 |isbn=9780199862634 |page=142|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Baháʼí Faith]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Van der Vyer |first=J. D. |year=1996 |title=Religious human rights in global perspective: religious perspectives |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |isbn=90-411-0176-4 |page=449 |url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
}}
{{Sidebar with collapsible lists
| name = religion sidebar
| pretitle = Qayb ka mid ah taxane ku saabsan
| pretitlestyle = padding-top:0.8em;
| titlestyle = padding-bottom:0.5em;
| title = [[Diin]]
| listtitlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; font-size:100%;
| centered list titles = yes
| image = [[File:Icon-religion.svg|200px|class=skin-invert]]
| imagestyle = padding-bottom:1em;
| listclass = hlist
| liststyle = padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.25em; font-size: 11px;
| expanded = {{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}
|}

| abovestyle = padding:0.5em 2em 0.5em; display:block; background-color: #efefef;
| above = {{startflatlist}}
* [[Outline of religion|Dulucda]]
* [[Index of religion-related articles|Liisaska]]
* [[:Category:Religion|Qeybta]]
* [[:Category:Indexes of religion topics|Tusaha]]
* [[History of religion|Taariikhda diinta]]
* [[Portal:Religion|Bogga]]
{{endflatlist}}

| list1name = religions
| list1title = Diimaha
| list1titlestyle = padding-top:0.5em;
| list1 = 
{{Sidebar |child |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off
  | heading1 = [[Abrahamic religions|Diimaha Ibraahimiyeed]]
  | content1style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content1 = 
* [[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]]
* [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]
* [[Islam|Islaamka]]
* [[Alawism|Calawiisimka]]
* [[Alevism|Alewiisimka]]
* [[Azalism|Azaliisimka]]/[[Bábism|Baabiisimka]]
* [[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]]
* [[Druze Faith|Diinta Duruusta]]
* [[Mormonism|Mormooniyadda]]
* [[Mandaeism|Mandeiisimka]]
* [[Manichaeism|Maniikiisimka]]
* [[Rastafari|Rastafariyiinta]]
* [[Samaritanism|Samaritaniisimka]]
  | heading2 = [[Iranian religions|Diimaha Iiraaniga]]
  | content2style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content2 = 
* [[Yazidism|Yasiidiisimka]]
* [[Yarsanism|Yarsaniisimka]]
* [[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]]
  | heading3 = [[Indian religions|Diimaha Hindiya]]
  | content3style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content3 = 
* [[Hinduism|Hinduugga]]
* [[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]]
* [[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]]
* [[Sikhism| Sikhiisimka]]
* [[Bon|Yungdrung Bon]]
  | heading4 = [[East Asian religions|Diimaha Bariga Aasiya]]
  | content4style = padding-top:0em;
  | content4 = 
* [[Taoism|Taowaysimka]]
* [[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]]
* [[Shinto|Shinto]]
* [[Tian|Tian]]
* [[Shangdi|Shangdi]]
* [[Hongjun Laozu|Hongjun Laozu]]
}}


| list2name = schools
| list2title = Dugsiyada Fikirka
| list2titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list2 =
* [[Acosmism|Aakosmisimka]]
* [[Agnosticism|Agnostisismka]]
* [[Animism|Animisimka]]
* [[Antireligion|Diin-diidka]]
* [[Apatheism|Apatheisimka]]
* [[Atheism|Aqoonsi la'aanta Ilaah / Ateyismka]]
* [[Creationism|Abuuristaaniyadda]]
* [[Dharma|Dharmismka]]
* [[Deism|Deiisimka]]
* [[Divine command theory|Aragt Dardaaran Ilaahay]]
* [[Dualism in cosmology|Labo-jirnimada]]
* [[Western esotericism|Sir-doonka Reer Galbeedka]]
* [[Elite religion|Diinta dadka sare]]
* [[Exclusivism|Gaar-yeelidda]]
* [[Existentialism|Jiritaaniyadda]]
** [[Atheistic existentialism|ateyste]]
** [[Christian existentialism|masiixi]]
* [[Feminist theology|Falsafada dumarka]]
* [[Fideism|Caqiido-ku-tiirsiga]]
* [[Folk religion|Diinta dadweynaha]]
* [[Fundamentalism|Aasaas-ku-dhagidda]]
* [[Gnosticism|Gnostisismka]]
* [[Henotheism|Henotheiisimka]]
* [[Hermeticism|Hermetiisimka]]
* [[Humanism|Aadmiga-jecleyska]]
** [[Christian humanism|masiixi]]
** [[Religious humanism|diimeed]]
** [[Secular humanism|cilmiyeed]]
* [[Ietsism|Ietsismka]]
* [[Theological noncognitivism|Ignostisismka]]
* [[Inclusivism|Wadajir-yeelidda]]
* [[Kathenotheism|Kathenotheiisimka]]
* [[Lived religion|Diinta la nool yahay]]
* [[Monism|Kow-jirnimada]]
* [[Monotheism|Kkudnimada Alle]]
* [[Mysticism|Suufiyadda / Sir-raadinta]]
* [[Naturalism (philosophy)|Dabiiciyadda]]
** [[Humanistic naturalism|aadmiga]]
** [[Metaphysical naturalism|milyawiga]]
** [[Religious naturalism|diimeed]]
* [[New Age|Cаманkii Cusub]]
* [[Nonduality (spirituality)|Laba-mid-la'aanta]]
* [[Nontheism|Ilaah-la'aanta]]
* [[Omnism|Omnisimka]]
* [[Pandeism|Pandeiisimka]]
* [[Panentheism|Panenteiisimka]]
* [[Pantheism|Panteiisimka]]
* [[Perennial philosophy|Falsafadda weligeed ah]]
* [[Polytheism|Shirkiga / Ilaahyo badan]]
* [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]]
* [[Shendao shejiao|Shendao shejiao]]
* [[Spiritualism (beliefs)|Rux-raadinta]]
* [[Shamanism|Shaamanismka]]
* [[East Asian religions|Taowayga]]
* [[Theism|Ilaah-rumaynta]]
* [[Transcendentalism|Sare-u-kacaaniyadda]]
* [[Transtheism|Transtheiisimka]]
* [[Unitarianism|Mowqifka kow-jirka]]

| list3name = concepts
| list3title = Fikradaha
| list3titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list3 =
* [[Afterlife|Aakhiro]]
* [[Anthropopathism|Sifaadka bini'aadmiga ee Ilaah]]
* [[Apophatic theology|Apophatismka]]
* [[Aseity|Iskii-jitaanshaha]]
* [[Religious belief|Aaminsanaanta Diinta]]
* [[Brahman|Brahman]]
* [[Cataphatic theology|Cataphatismka]]
* [[Cult|Kooxda diimeed]]
* [[Demiurge|Demiurge]]
* [[Divine simplicity|Fududeynta Ilaahay]]
* [[Eschatology|Qiyaamaha iyo Aakhiro]]
* [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|Iftiintinka]]
* [[Eternity#God and eternity|Weligiis-jitaanshaha]]
* [[Euthyphro dilemma|Muran-weydiintii Euthyphro]]
* [[Existence of God|Jiritaanka Ilaahay]]
* [[Faith|Iimaan]]
* [[Form of the Good|Qaabka Wanaagga]]
* [[Gender of God|Jinsiga Ilaahay]]
* [[Gnosis|Gnosis]]
* [[Holy Spirit|Ruuxa Quduuska ah]]
* [[Intelligent design|Naqshadda caqli-gal ah]]
* [[Moksha|Xorreynta]]
* [[Misotheism|Ilaah-nacaybka]]
* [[Miracle|Mucjiso]]
* [[Names of God|Magacyada Ilaahay]]
* [[New religious movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa diimeed ee cusub]]
* [[Omnibenevolence|Naxariista-buuxda]]
* [[Omnipotence|Awoodda-oo-dhan]]
* [[Omnipresence|Meel-kasta-joogidda]]
* [[Omniscience|Cilmiga-oo-dhan]]
* [[Pandeism|Pandeistiga]]
* [[Personal god|Ilaah shakhsi ah]]
* [[Prayer|Dugsi / Baryo]]
* [[Problem of evil|Dhibaatada xumaanta]]
* [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]]
* [[Belief#Religion|Aaminsanaanta diimeed]]
* [[Problem of religious language|Luqadda diinta]]
* [[Reincarnation|Soo-noqoshada nolosha (Reincarnation)]]
* [[Faith|Iimaanka diimeed]]
* [[Revelation|Waxyi]]
* [[Religious text|Qoraallada diinta]]
* [[Soul|Nafta]]
* [[Summum bonum|Wanaagga ugu sarreeya]]
* [[Tawhid|Kkudnimada Alle]]
* [[Theological veto|Diidmada diinta]]
* [[Transcendence (religion)|Sare-u-baxa diimeed]]
* [[Trinity|Saddex-midnimada]]
* [[Creator deity|Ugu sarreeyaha / Abuuraha]]
* [[Unmoved mover|Dhaqaajiye aan la dhaqaajin]]
* [[Vitalism|Ruuxda nolosha]]
* [[Worship|Caabudaad]]

| list4name = figures
| list4title = Hoggaamiyeyaasha Aasaasaya
| list4titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list4=
*[[Ciise]] ([[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]])
*[[Maxamed]] ([[Islam|Islaamka]])
*[[Ibraahim]] ([[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]])
*[[Siddhartha Gautama]] ([[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]])
*[[Guru Nanak]] ([[Sikhism|Sikhiisimka]])
*[[Mahavira]] ([[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]])
*[[Zoroaster]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]])
*[[Hamza ibn Ali]] ([[Druze|Duruusta]])
*[[Laozi]] ([[Taoism|Taowayga]])
*[[Confucius]] ([[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]])
* [[Baháʼu'lláh]] ([[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]])

| belowclass = plainlist
| belowstyle = text-align:center;font-weight:normal; padding:1em 1em 1em;
| below = 
Kani waa [[:Category:Philosophy and thinking sidebar templates|farac]] ka mid ah [[philosophy|falsafadda]]. Si aad u baarto mowduucyada la xiriira, fadlan booqo [[:Category:Religion_and_belief_navigational_boxes|hage-tusaha]].

}}
'''Islaamku'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|ɑː|m|,_|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|æ|m}} {{respell|IZ|la(h)m}};&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Cambridge Dictionaries |Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام|al-Islām}}|al-Islām}}, {{IPA|ar|alʔisˈlaːm|IPA}}, {{lit|hordhaca [ee la xiriira [[ogaanshaha doonista Ilaahay]]]}}}} waa diin [[Abrahamic|Ibraahimi ah]] oo ku saleysan [[Quraan|Quraanka]] iyo [[Sunnah|barashada]] [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Nabi Maxamed]]. Diintan [[monotheistic|kelinimada Alle]] waxay leedahay qiyaastii [[Islam by country|2 bilyan oo raacsan adduunka oo dhan]], oo lagu magacaabo [[Muslims|Muslimiin]]. Islaamku waa [[Major religious groups|diinta labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka]], marka laga reebo [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin inay jirto [[Fitra|iimaan asal ah]] oo la soo waxyooday marar badan iyadoo la sii marinayo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|rusul iyo nabiyo hore]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], waxayna rumeysan yihiin in Islaamku yahay nooca caalamiga ah ee dhameystiran ee [[faith|iimaankan]]. 
[[File:Birmingham Quran manuscript full.jpg|thumb|Labo [[Folio|bog]] oo ka mid ah [[Birmingham Quran manuscript|Qoraalka Gacanta ee Quraanka ee Birmingham]], oo lagu qoray [[Hijazi script|xarfaha Xijaasiga]] ee [[parchment|harag]] taariikhdiisu tahay int u dhaxaysa 568–645 C.D., iyadoo ku beegan xilligii nolosha Maxamed.]]
Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan Quraanka inuu yahay hadalka dhabta ah ee [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] iyo waxyigii ugu dambeeyay ee aan wax laga beddelin. Dhinaca Quraanka, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale rumeysan yihiin [[Islamic holy books|kutubtii hore ee la soo waxyooday]], sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]), ''[[Psalms in Islam|Sabuur]]'' ([[Psalms]]), iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel]]). Waxay rumeysan yihiin in [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] yahay [[Seal of the Prophets|nabiga ugu weyn uguna dambeeya]] ee [[God|Ilaahay]], kaasoo diinta la soo dhameystiray, oo aan ka dib imanayn nabigii cusub ama sharcigii samada ahayn. Barashada iyo tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee Maxamed, oo loogu yeero [[Sunnah]], oo lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin loogu yeero [[Hadith|Xadiis]], ayaa bixiya tusaale dastuuri ah oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Islaamku wuxuu ku saleysan yahay rumaysashada kow-nimada iyo kelinimada Ilaahay ({{Transliteration|ar|[[tawhid]]}}), iyo rumaysashada [[afterlife|aakhiro]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[akhirah]]}}) oo ay ku jirto [[Judgement Day in Islam|Maalinta Qiyaame]]—halkaas oo kuwa suubban lagu abaalmarin doono jannada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jannah]]}}) kuwa xunneydna lagu ciqaabi doono naarta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jahannam]]}}). [[Five Pillars of Islam|Shanta Arкан ee Islaamka]], oo loo arko inay yihiin cibaadooyin [[Fard|waajib ah]], waa shahaadada diinta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[shahada]]}}), salaadaha maalinlaha ah ({{Transliteration|ar|[[salah]]}}), sakada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[zakat]]}}), soonka bisha [[Ramadan]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sawm]]}}), iyo [[pilgrimage|xajka]] loo aado [[Mecca|Makka]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[hajj]]}}). Sharciga Islaamka ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sharia]]}}), wuxuu taabanayaa ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha, laga bilaabo [[Islamic banking and finance|bangiyada iyo maaliyadda]] iyo [[Zakat|gar-gaarka]] ilaa [[Gender roles in Islam|doorka ragga]] iyo [[Women in Islam|doorka dumarka]] iyo [[Islamic ethics#Environmentalism|deegaanka]]. Labada [[Islamic holidays|ci둡 diimeed]] ee ugu waaweyn waa Ciidul Fitri iyo Ciidul Adxa. Saddexda [[holiest sites in Islam|goobood ee ugu barakeysan]] waa [[Masjid al-Haram|Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], iyo [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]].

Islaamku wuxuu ka soo aasaasay Makka qiyaastii 610 C.D. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in tani ay tahay xilligii [[Muhammad's first revelation|Maxamed uu helay waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]]. Waqtigii uu geeriyooday, inta badan [[Arabian Peninsula|Jaziiradda Carabta]] way [[Conversion to Islam|isu rogtay Islaamka]]. Islaamku wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu fiday wixii ka dambeeyay Carabta iyadoo hoos imaneysa [[Rashidun Caliphate|Khulaafadii Raashidiyiinta]] iyo [[Umayyad Caliphate|Khulaafadii Umawiyiinta]]. Labada [[Islamic schools and branches|laamood ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka]] waa [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]] (87–90%) iyo [[Shia Islam|Shiicada]] (10–13%).{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. &quot;Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.&quot;}} Muslimiinta Sunniga iyo Shiicada ah ayaa wada noqda ku dhawaad ​​guud ahaan dadweynaha Muslimka ah ee adduunka, iyadoo qiyaasuhu ka bilaabmaan qiyaastii 1.7–1.8 bilyan oo Sunni ah ilaa 285–300 milyan oo Shiico ah adduunka oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2009-10-07|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Shia Muslim Population – Islamic Research and Information Center (IRIC)|url=https://iric.org/world-shia-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project on Shi’ism and Global Affairs|url=https://shiism.hds.harvard.edu/|url-status=live|website=Harvard University}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkasta oo [[Shia–Sunni relations|khilaafka Shiicada iyo Sunniga]] uu asal ahaan ka soo bilowday is-afgaranwaa ku saabsan [[succession to Muhammad|dhaxalkii Maxamed]], waxay kor u qaadeen cabbir ballaaran, labada [[Schools of Islamic theology|dhinaca caqiidada]] iyo [[Fiqh|fiqhigaa]]. Ururinta xadiiska suuban ee Sunniga waxay ka kooban tahay [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Kitaab]], halka ururinta xadiiska Shiicada ay ka kooban tahay [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]]. Muslimiintu waxay ka yihiin inta badan dadweynaha 53 dal.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2010–2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=June 9, 2025 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}

*{{cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett |author2=Marcin Stonawski |author3=Yunping Tong |author4=Stephanie Kramer |author5=Anne Shi |author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf |access-date=2025-06-10 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaastii 12% Muslimiinta adduunka waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in Indonesia|Indoonisiya]], oo ah dalka ugu dadka badan ee Muslimiinta ah; {{#expr: 100 * 480/1570 round 0}}% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in South Asia|Kooniyada Aasiya]]; 20% waxay ku nool yihiin [[MENA#Religion|Bariga Dhexe iyo Waqooyiga Afrika]]; iyo 15% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa|Afrika ka hooseysa Saharada]]. Muslimiinta sidoo kale waxaa laga helaa [[Islam in the Americas|Ameerikaanka]], [[Islam in China|Shiinaha]], iyo [[Islam in Europe|Yurub]]. Muslimiintu waa [[Muslim population growth|kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraysa adduunka]], taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay [[fertility rate| heerka dhalmada oo sarreeya]] iyo qaab-dhismeedka da'da yar marka loo eego diimaha diimaha kale ee waaweyn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lipka |first=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=2017-04-06 |title=Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2026-09-01 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka waxaa la saadaalinayaa inuu noqdo diinta ugu weyn adduunka dhammaadka qarniga 21-aad, isagoo ka sarre marinaya Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=April 6, 2017 |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2015&quot;&gt;{{cite report |author=[[Pew Forum|The Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life]] |title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211090450/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-date=2020-12-11 |date=2015-04-02 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--Do NOT add citations to the lead, except for material likely to be challenged, per [[MOS:LEADCITE]] ([[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section#Citations)]]. Move unneeded citations to the body.--&gt;

== Asalka ereyga{{anchor|Etymology}}&lt;!-- Linked from many articles. If changing the section title, please let this anchor remain unchanged  --&gt;==
{{See also|Muslims#Etymology}}
Luqadda Carabiga, ''Islaam'' ({{langx|ar|إسلام|lit=hordhaca [ee la xiriira Ilaahay]}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Definition of Islam {{!}} Dictionary.com |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.dictionary.com |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509110220/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Haywood |first=John |title=Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (AD 600 - 1492) |publisher=Barnes &amp; Noble, Inc. |year=2002 |isbn=0-7607-1975-6 |edition=1st |location=Spain |pages=3.13 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waa magaca fal-galeedka [[wikt:أسلم#Arabic|Foomka IV]] ee ka soo jeeda falka {{lang|ar|سلم}} ({{transliteration|ar|salama}}), ka soo jeeda [[Semitic root|xididka saddex-xarafle ah]] {{lang|ar|س-ل-م}} ({{transliteration|ar|[[Š-L-M|S-L-M]]}}), kaas oo sameeya fasal weyn oo erayo ah oo badankood la xiriira fikradaha dhiibin-hoosaadka, badbaadada, iyo nabadgelyada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lane-Lexicon-4&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Lane |first=Edward William |author-link=Edward William Lane |title=An Arabic-English Lexicon |volume=4 |chapter=Siin |url=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907230044/http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-date=2011-09-07 |via=[[The Study Quran|StudyQuran]] |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Macnaha diimeed, waxay tilmaamaysaa u dhiibashada buuxda ee doonista [[God|Ilaahay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Barnard |last2=Churchill |first2=Buntzie Ellis |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi |title=Islam: The Religion and The People |publisher=Wharton School Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-13-223085-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi/page/8 8]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ereyga ''[[Muslims|Muslim]]'' ({{lang|ar|مُسْلِم}}), oo ah erayga loogu talagalay qofka raaca Islaamka,&lt;ref name=&quot;Lexico-Muslim&quot;&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=Muslim |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913192608/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-date=2019-09-13 |dictionary=[[Lexico]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2020 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en-GB }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |date=20190913192608 }}&lt;/ref&gt; waa [[Participle|falka firfircoon]] ee isla nooca falka, oo macneheedu yahay &quot;dhiibtiye (Ilaahay)&quot; ama &quot;qof u hoggaansamaya (Ilaahay)&quot;. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khabiirka [[Quranic studies|barashada Quraanka]] [[Mohsen Goudarzi]] wuxuu ku dooday in Quraanka ereyga ''[[dīn]]'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;[[worship|cibaado]]&quot;, ''islām'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;[[monotheism|kwdnimada]]&quot; iyo ''muslim'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;muwaahid / qof kelinimada Alle rumeeyay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Goudarzi |first=Mohsen |date=2023-08-01 |title=Worship (dīn), Monotheism (islām), and the Qurʾān's Cultic Decalogue |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006/html |journal=Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=30–71 |doi=10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006 |issn=2474-8420|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gudaha [[Hadith of Gabriel|Xadiiska Jibriil]], ''Islaam'' waxaa lagu soo bandhigay inuu yahay hal qayb oo ka mid ah saddaxleey oo ay ku jirto {{transliteration|ar|[[Iman (Islam)|imān]]}} (iimaan), iyo {{transliteration|ar|[[Ihsan|ihsān]]}} (fududeyn / ixsaan).{{sfnp|Esposito|2000|pp=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76 76–77]}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mahmutćehajić |first=Rusmir |url=https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm |title=The mosque: the heart of submission |publisher=[[Fordham University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8232-2584-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm/page/n104 84] |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka laftiisa ayaa taariikh ahaan loogu yeeri jiray [[Mohammedan|''Mohammedanism'' (Maxamediyad)]] gudaha [[English-speaking world|dunida Ingiriiska ku hadasha]]. Eraygan wuxuu ka baxay isticmaalka waxaana mararka qaarkood la sheegaa inuu yahay [[Religious offence|dhaawac diimeed]], maadaama uu tilmaamayo in bini'aadam, halkii uu ka noqon lahaa Ilaahay, uu yahay kan udub-dhexaadka u ah diinta Muslimiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| last = Gibb| first = Sir Hamilton| title = Mohammedanism: an historical survey|isbn=9780195002454| year = 1969| page=1 | quote=Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiirarka iimaanka ==
{{Main|Aqidah|Iman (Islam)|l2 = Iman}}

[[caqiidada]] Islaamku (''[[aqidah]]'') waxay u baahan tahay rumaysashada lix tiir: Ilaahay, malaa'igta, waxyiga, nabiyada, [[Day of Resurrection|Maalinta Qiyaamaha]], iyo qadarinta masiirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality|publisher=New World Library|pages=68–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&amp;pg=PA68|editor-first=Joel|editor-last=Beversluis|year=2011|isbn=9781577313328|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022948/https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&amp;pg=PA68#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilaahay ===
[[File:Istanbul,_Hagia_Sophia,_Allah.jpg|thumb|[[calligraphy|Qoraal gacmeedka]] qarnigii 19-aad oo muujinaya magaca [[Allah|Alle]] ee ku yaal [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]]
{{Main|God in Islam}}

Fikradda udub-dhexaadka u ah Islaamka waa ''[[Tawhid|tawḥīd]]'' ({{langx|ar|توحيد|link=no}}), oo ah kelinimada Ilaahay. Badanaa waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay ''monotheism sax ah'', laakiin sidoo kale waa [[panentheism|panentheistic]] ku dhex leh barashada suufiga Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |title=Tawhid |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107041300/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Gimaret|first=D.|year=2012|c=Tawḥīd |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7454}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ilaahay waxaa loo arkaa mid aan la barbar dhigi karin oo aan lahayn tiro dad ah sida ku jirta [[Christian Trinity|Saddex-midnimada Masiixiga]], oo tiro u nisbeynta Ilaahay ama sifooyinka Ilaahay oo loo nisbeeyo dad kale waxaa loo arkaa shirk, oo lagu magacaabo [[Shirk (Islam)|''shirk'']]. Sidaas darteed, Muslimiintu ma aha [[iconodule]]s mana u nisbeeyaan qaabab Ilaahay. Ilaahay halkaas waxaa lagu sifeeyaa oo loogu yeeraa dhowr [[Names of God in Islam|magac ama sifooyin]], kan ugu caansan waa ''Ar-Rahmān'' ({{lang|ar|الرحمان}}) oo macneheedu yahay &quot;Naxariis-guud&quot;, iyo ''Ar-Rahīm'' ({{lang|ar|الرحيم}}) oo macneheedu yahay &quot;Naxariis-gaar ah&quot; kuwaas oo laga baryo bilowga inta badan Suuradaha Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Kecia |title=Islam : the key concepts |date=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |last2=Leaman |first2=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-39638-7 |location=London |oclc=123136939}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Campo|2009|p=34|loc=&quot;Allah&quot;}} Magaca tooska ah ee Carabiga ee Ilaahay, ''[[Allāh]]'' (الله), oo ah eray aan lahayn [[plural|wadar]] ama [[gender|jinsi]], ayaa sidoo kale si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa luqadaha kale ee Muslimiinta iyo Masiixiyiinta iyo Yuhuuda Carabiga ku hadla si ay ugu tixraacaan Ilaahay, halka ''{{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[ʾilāh]]}}'' ({{lang|ar|إله}}) uu yahay eray loo isticmaalo ilaah ama ilaah guud ahaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=God |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |access-date=18 December 2010 |website=Islam: Empire of Faith |publisher=[[PBS]] |archive-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034958/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in abuurista wax kasta oo ku jira [[universe|caalamka]] la keenay iyada oo la raacayo amarka Ilaahay sida lagu muujiyay erayada, &quot;[[Be, and it is|Aabo, oo wuu noqdaa]],&quot;&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|2|117|b=yl}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo in [[Meaning of life|ujeeddada jiritaanka]] ay tahay in la caabudo Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;Leeming, David. 2005. ''The Oxford Companion to World Mythology''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-195-15669-0}}. p. 209.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo arkaa ilaah shakhsi ah oo wax dhexdhexaadin ah, sida [[clergy|wadaaddada]], looma baahna si loo gaaro xiriir lala yeesho Ilaahay. Wacyigelinta Ilaahay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[taqwa]].

=== Malaa'igta ===
[[File:Rashid al-Din Tabib - Jami al-Tawarikh, f.45v detail - c. 1306-15.png|thumb|Maxamed oo helaya [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] oo uga imaanaya malaa'igta [[Gabriel]], oo ka socda qoraal gacmeedka [[Jami' al-tawarikh|Jami' al-Tawarikh]] ee uu qoray [[Rashid al-Din Hamadani|Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]], lagu daabacay [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]], 1307 C.D.]]
{{Main|Angels in Islam}}

Malaa'igta (keligood: {{langx|ar|ملك|link=no}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|malak}}'') waa makhluuqaad lagu sifeeyay Quraanka{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=23}} iyo xadiiska.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay u abuuran yihiin inay caabudaan Ilaahay iyo inay sidoo kale ka shaqeeyaan waajibaadyo kale oo gaar ah sida gudbinta [[revelation|waxyiga]] ee ka yimid Ilaahay, diiwaangelinta ficilada qof kasta, iyo qaadashada [[soul|nafta]] qofka waqtiga dhimashada. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay si kala duwan uga abuurmeen 'iftiin' ([[Nūr (Islam)|''nūr'']])&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia-Nur&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nūr |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423085030/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-date=2022-04-23 |encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |via=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |language=en |access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last1=Hartner, W.|last2=Tj Boer |year=2012 |c=Nūr |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0874}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Elias |first=Jamal J. |year=2003|c=Light |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00261}}&lt;/ref&gt; ama 'dab' (''nār'').&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Campo |first=Juan E. |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nar |c=Nar |in=Martin |year=2004}}. – via [[Encyclopedia.com]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last=Fahd, T. |year=2012 |c=Nār |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0846}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Toelle |first=Heidi |year=2002 |c=Fire |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00156}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|McAuliffe|2003|p=45}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malaa'igta Islaamka waxaa badanaa lagu matalaa [[Anthropomorphism|qaabab bini'aadamnimo]] oo ay ku jiraan sawirro [[supernatural|cajiib ah]], sida baalal, oo ah kuwa aad u waaweyn ama xidhan dhar janno.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|pp=97–99}}&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=26–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Webb |first=Gisela |c=Angel |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last1=MacDonald, D. B.|last2=Madelung, W. |year=2012 |c=Malāʾika |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}}{{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0642}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sifooyinka caadiga ah ee malaa'igta waxaa ka mid ah inaysan lahayn baahiyo jir iyo rabitaanno, sida cunidda iyo cabidda.{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|p=140}} Qaarkood, sida [[Gabriel|Jibriil]] iyo [[Michael (archangel)|Miikaa'il]], ayaa magacyadooda lagu xusay Quraanka. Malaa'igtu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan suugaanta ku saabsan [[Isra and Mi'raj|Mi'raajka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu kula kulmo dhowr malaa'igood intii uu ku jirsaday safarkiisa samada.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Malaa'ig dheeraad ah ayaa badanaa lagu muujiyay [[Islamic eschatology|qiyaamaha]], [[Kalam|cilmiga kalaamka]] iyo [[Islamic philosophy|falsafada Islaamka]].{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=22}}

=== Kitaabyada ===
[[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal gacmeed [[Quran|Quraan]] ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran [[Rehal (book rest)|rehal]], oo ah kursiga kitaabka qudduuska ah, oo lagu hayo [[Reza Abbasi Museum]] ee [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].]]
{{Main|Islamic holy books|Quran|Wahy}}

{{See also|History of the Quran}}
Kitaabka quduuska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa [[Quran|Quraanka]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka uu Maxamed u soo waxyooday Ilaahay, iyada oo la sii marinayo [[archangel|malaa'igta]] Jibriil, marar badan inta u dhaxaysa 610 C.D.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022949/https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo 632, sanadkii uu geeriyooday Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu Maxamed noolaa, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray [[Muhammad's companions|saxaabtiisa]], inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee gudbinta uu ahaa af ahaan iyada oo la adeegsanayo [[Hafiz (Quran)|xifdinta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=[[Society for Asian Music|Asian Music]] |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu u qaybsamaa 114 suuradood (''[[sūrah]]'') oo ka kooban wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood (''[[ayah|āyāt]]''). Suuradaha hore ee taariikh ahaan, ee lagaga soo waxyooday [[Mecca|Makka]], waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha ruuxiga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee [[Medina|Madiina]] ay ka hadlaan arrimo bulsho iyo sharci oo khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah. Qareennada Muslimiintu waxay la tashadaan xadiiska ('warka'), ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Maxamed, si ay labadaba u taageeraan Quraanka oo ay uga caawiyaan tafsiirkiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka iyo tafsiirka Quraanka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[tafsir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019035210/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimadiisa diimeed, Quraanka waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay si weyn inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican [[Arabic literature|suugaanta Carabiga]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=[[Charles E. Tuttle Company]]|year=1994|page=1|title=The Koran|quote=&quot;Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence.&quot;|isbn=1842126091}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=[[Allen &amp; Unwin]]|year=1956|quote=&quot;It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.&quot;|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo luqadda Carabiga.&lt;ref&gt;Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. &quot;Literature and the Quran.&quot; In ''[[Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān|Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an]]'' 3. pp. 213, 216.&lt;/ref&gt;

Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Ilaahay uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo ''[[wahy]]'', oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah kitaabadii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]) iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel in Islam|Injiil]]), ay noqdeen kuwo [[tahrif|la leexiyay]]—ha ahaato tafsiirka, qoraalka, ama labadaba,&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Peters|2003|p=9&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot;&gt;{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=[[Hava Lazarus-Yafeh]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Quraanka ({{Lit|Akhrinta}}) loo arko hadalka ugu dambeeya, ee dhabta ah ee aan wax laga beddelin ee Ilaahay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringgren&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505001543/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487666/Quran |url-status=live }} &quot;The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are [[Quran#Etymology and meaning|two different theories]] about this term and its formation.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}}

=== Nabiyada ===
{{Main|Prophets and messengers in Islam|Sunnah|Hadith}}

[[File:Medieval Persian manuscript Muhammad leads Abraham Moses Jesus.jpg|thumb|[[Persian miniature|Miniakiyada Faarisiga]] ee qarnigii 15-aad oo muujinaysa [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] oo hoggaaminaya [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] iyo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|nabiyo kale]] salaadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BnF. Département des Manuscrits. Supplément turc 190 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |access-date=7 September 2023 |archive-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909130407/https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Nabiyada (Carabi: {{langx|ar|أنبياء|label=none|translit=anbiyāʾ}}) waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay doorteen Ilaahay si ay u wacdhiyaan fariin ilaahi ah. Qaar ka mid ah nabiyadan ayaa sidoo kale keena kitaab cusub waxaana loogu yeeraa &quot;rasuul&quot; ({{langx|ar| رسول&amp;lrm;|label=none|translit=rasūl}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=225}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in nabiyadu ay yihiin bini'aadam oo aan ahayn ilaahyo. Dhammaan nabiyadu waxaa la sheegaa inay wacdiyiyeen fariintii asaasiga ahayd ee Islaamka - u dhiibashada doonista Ilaahay - oo ay u direen quruumihii hore, tan ayaana la sheegay inay sabab u tahay isku mid ahaanshaha badan ee u dhexeeya diimaha. Quraanku wuxuu sheegayaa magacyada tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaadka loo tixgeliyo [[prophets in Islam|nabiyada Islaamka]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[David in Islam|Daa'uud]] iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], iyo kuwo kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schimmel&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |title=Islam |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504201633/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295507/Islam |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reeves |first=J. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |title=Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in scriptural intertextuality |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=90-04-12726-7 |location=[[Leiden]] |page=177 |access-date=21 August 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sheekooyinka la xiriira nabiyada ee ka baxsan xisaabaadka Quraanka waxaa lagu ururiyaa oo lagu baaraa ''[[Qisas Al-Anbiya|Qisas al-Anbiya]]'' (Sheekooyinka Nabiyada).

Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in Ilaahay uu soo diray Maxamed inuu noqdo nabiga ugu dambeeya (&quot;[[Seal of the prophets|khaatumul anbiyo]]&quot;) si uu u gaarsiiyo fariinta dhameystiran ee Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Esposito-Islam&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Esposito |first=John L. |author-link=John Esposito |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Islam |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110124812/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |quote=Profession of Faith...affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of Allah, the last and final prophet. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters-Allah&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Peters |first=F. E. |author-link=Francis Edward Peters |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Allāh |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926053837/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |quote=[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.' |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka dhexdiisa, tusaalaha &quot;caadiga ah&quot; ee nolosha Maxamed waxaa lagu magacaabaa ''[[sunnah]]'' (oo macneheedu yahay &quot;jidka la maray&quot;). Muslimiinta waxaa lagu dhiirrigelinayaa inay ku daydaan dabeecadaha akhlaaqda ee Maxamed noloshooda maalinlaha ah, sunnadana waxaa loo arkaa mid muhiim u ah hagidda tafsiirka Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Martin|2004|p=666}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Hadith|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=J. Robson}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Sunna|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=D.W. Brown}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Goldman |first=Elizabeth |title=Believers: Spiritual Leaders of the World |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-508240-1 |location=Oxford |page=63}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tusaalahan waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa dhaqamo loo yaqaan xadiis, oo ah xisaabaadka erayadiisa, ficilladiisa, iyo sifooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed. [[Hadith qudsi|Xadiiska Qudsi]] waa qayb hoose oo ka tirsan xadiiska, oo loo arko inuu yahay erayada dhabta ah ee Ilaahay ee uu soo xigtay Maxamed oo aan ahayn qayb ka tirsan Quraanka. Xadiisku wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba shay: silsiladda sheekeeyayaasha, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies#Traditional importance of the sanad|''sanad'']], iyo ereyada dhabta ah, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies|''matn'']]. Waxaa jira habab kala duwan oo lagu kala saaro xaqiiqda xadiisyada, iyadoo cabbirka darajada ee badanaa la isticmaalo uu yahay &quot;saxiix&quot; ama &quot;sax ah&quot; ({{langx|ar|صحيح|links=no|translit=[[Authentic hadith|ṣaḥīḥ]]|label=none}}); &quot;xasan&quot; ({{langx|ar|حسن|links=no|label=none|translit=[[Hasan (hadith)|ḥasan]]}}); ama &quot;daciif&quot; ({{langx|ar|ضعيف|label=none|translit=[[Da'if|ḍaʻīf]]}}), iyo kuwo kale. [[Kutub al-Sittah]] waa ururinta lix kitaab, oo loo arko inay yihiin warbixinnada ugu suuban ee [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]]. Waxaa ka mid ah [[Sahih al-Bukhari]], oo ay Sunnidu badanaa u arkaan mid ka mid ah [[Hadith terminology#Terminology relating to the authenticity of a hadith|ilaha ugu suuban]] ka dib Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;[[Aisha Abd al-Rahman|al-Rahman, Aisha Abd]], ed. 1990. [[Introduction to the Science of Hadith|Muqaddimah Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ]]. Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1990. pp. 160–69&lt;/ref&gt; Il kale oo caan ka ah xadiisyada waa [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]], oo ay Shiicadu u arkaan tixraaca xadiiska ee ugu suuban.&lt;ref name=&quot;Awliyai-Four-Books&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Awliya'i |first=Mustafa |title=Outlines of the Development of the Science of Hadith |volume=1 |chapter=The Four Books |url=https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144702/https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-date=2017-09-12 |translator-last=Qara'i |translator-first=A. Q. |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rizvi-Four-Books&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Rizvi |first=Sayyid Sa'eed Akhtar |author-link=Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi |title=The Qur'an and Hadith |location=Tanzania |publisher=Bilal Muslim Mission |chapter=The Hadith §The Four Books (Al-Kutubu'l-Arb'ah) |url=https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912191319/https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-date=2017-09-12 |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Soo-noqoshada iyo xukunka ===
[[File:Chester Beatty T 414 fol 129r Muhammad al-Mehdi.png|thumb|Matxaf qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Maxamed al-Mahdi]]. [[Mahdi|Mahdiga]] waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu soo muuqan doono ka hor [[Eschatology|Waqtiga Dhamaadka]] si uu u soo celiyo cadaaladda oo uu uga adkaado dulmiga iyadoo la kaashanaya [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] ([[Jesus]]).]]
{{Main|Islamic eschatology}}

Rumaysashada &quot;Maalinta Qiyaame&quot; ama ''[[Qiyamah|Yawm al-Qiyāmah]]'' ({{langx|ar|يوم القيامة|link=no}}) ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ah Muslimiinta. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in waqtiga Qiyaamaha uu hore u qadaray Ilaahay, laakiin uusan aqoon bini'aadamku. Quraanka iyo xadiiska, iyo sidoo kale faallooyinka [[Ulama|culimada]], waxay qeexayaan imtixaannada iyo [[Great Tribulation|dhibaatooyinka]] ka horreeya iyo inta uu socdo Qiyaamaha. Quraanka wuxuu xoogga saarayaa [[universal resurrection|soo-noqoshada jirka]], taasoo ah mid ka duwan fahamkii [[pre-Islamic Arabia|Carabtii hore]] ee dhimashada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Glassé|2003|loc=&quot;Resurrection&quot;|pp=382–383}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012|loc=&quot;Avicenna&quot;}}. {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_DUM_0467}}: &quot;Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Sīnā is known in the West as 'Avicenna'.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Qiyama |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Gardet, L.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maalinta Qiyaame, Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in dhammaan bini'aadamka lagu xukumi doono falalkooda wanaagsan iyo kuwa xun waxaana loo gudbin doonaa [[Jannah|Janno]] ama [[Jahannam|Naar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |editor-link=John Esposito |title=Eschatology |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |via=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |access-date=18 April 2017 |archive-date=13 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913062714/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu ku jira [[Surat al-Zalzalah]] wuxuu tan ku sifeeyaa: &quot;Haddaba qofkii sameeya culays atoore oo wanaag ah wuu arki doonaa. Qofkii se sameeya culays atoore oo xumaan ah wuu arki doonaa.&quot; Quraanku [[Islamic views of sin|wuxuu qorayaa dunuub badan]] oo qof ku xukumi kara naar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Quraanku wuxuu caddeynayaa in Ilaahay uu cafiyi doono dunuubta kuwa toobad keena haddii uu doono. Falalka wanaagsan, sida sadaqada, salaadda, iyo naxariista xayawaannada{{sfnp|Esposito|2011|p=130}} waxaa lagu abaalmarin doonaa gelitaanka jannada. Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan jannada meel ay ka buuxaan farxad iyo barako, iyadoo tixraacyada Quraanku ay qeexayaan sifooyinkeeda. Dhaqamada suufiga ah ee Islaamka waxay dhigayaan raaxooyinkan jannada xiriir la leh wacyigelin xamaasad leh oo ku saabsan Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Smith|2006|p=89}}; ''Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World'', p. 565&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Garden |first=Asma |last=Afsaruddin |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Paradise|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Yawm al-Qiyāmah'' sidoo kale waxaa Quraanka loogu aqoonsaday ''Yawm ad-Dīn'' ({{lang|ar|يوم الدين}} &quot;Maalinta Diinta&quot;);&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|1|4|b=y}};&lt;/ref&gt; ''as-Sāʿah'' ({{lang|ar|الساعة}} &quot;Saacadda Dambe&quot;);&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|6|31|b=y}};&lt;/ref&gt; iyo ''[[Al-Qaria|al-Qāriʿah]]'' ({{lang|ar|القارعة}} &quot;Qaylisaada&quot;).&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|101|1|b=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qadarka ===
{{Main|Predestination in Islam}}

Qaar ka mid ah Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin qadarka ilaahay, ({{langx|ar|القضاء والقدر}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-qadāʾ wa l-qadar}}'') in arrin kasta uu qaddaray Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |date=2002 |title=Andras Rajki's A. E. D. (Arabic Etymological Dictionary) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208204654/http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |archive-date=8 December 2011 |access-date=13 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Cohen-Mor|2001|p=4}}: &quot;The idea of predestination is reinforced by the frequent mention of events 'being written' or 'being in a book' before they happen&quot;: Say: &quot;Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Karamustafa |first=Ahmet T. |c=Fate |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}: The verb ''qadara'' literally means &quot;to measure, to determine&quot;. Here it is used to mean that &quot;God measures and orders his creation&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Gardet|first=L.|year=2012|c=al-Ḳaḍāʾ Wa 'l-Ḳadar |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0407}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mu'tazilism|Mu'tasiladu]] iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada Muslimiinta ah ma rumeysna fikraddan.&lt;ref&gt;[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.131-2&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.132&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Need of Religion'', by Sayyid [[Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi]], p. 14.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Muslims'', by S. H. M. Rizvi, Shibani Roy, B. B. Dutta, p. 20.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Shirazi |first1=Naser Makarem |title=The Justice of God |publisher=Al-Islam.org |url=https://www.al-islam.org/justice-god-naser-makarem-shirazi/issue-predestination-and-free-will |access-date=14 June 2022 |chapter=The Issue of Predestination and Free Will|date=12 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures'', by Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; Badanaa, rumaysashadan masiirka ilaahay waxaa lagu muujiyaa erayga ''[[Inshallah]]'', ({{langx|ar|إن شاء الله}}, {{transliteration|ar|haddii Alle jiro}}) marka laga hadlayo dhacdooyinka mustaqbalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muslim beliefs – Al-Qadr |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |access-date=13 November 2020 |publisher=BBC |work=Bitesize – GCSE – Edexcel |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115112558/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ficilada cibaadada ==
{{Main|Five Pillars of Islam|Ibadah}}

Waxaa jira shan ficil oo cibaado ah oo loo arko inay yihiin [[fard|waajibaad]]–Shahaadada, salaadaha shanta ah ee maalinlaha ah, [[Zakat|sakada]], [[fasting during Ramadan|soonta bisha Ramadaan]], iyo xajka [[Hajj|Hajka]]—oo si wadajir ah loogu yaqaano &quot;Tiirarka Islaamka&quot; (''Arkān al-Islām''). Intaa waxaa dheer, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale sameeyaan ficilo kale oo ikhtiyaari ah oo dhiirrigel leh laakiin aan loo arkin inay yihiin waajibaad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=ZAROUG|first=ABDULLAHI HASSAN|date=1985|title=THE CONCEPT OF PERMISSION, SUPEREROGATORY ACTS AND ASETICISM &amp;#91;sic&amp;#93; IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=167–180|jstor=20847307|issn=0578-8072|access-date=7 January 2023|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207140013/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shahaadada ===
[[File:Silver Rupee Akbar.jpg|thumb|right|Lacag qalinkii qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Akbar|Akbarkii Weyn]], Boqorkii [[Mughal Empire|Mugalka]], [[India]], oo lagu qoray [[Shahada|Shahaadada]].]]
{{Main|Shahada}}

[[shahada]]h{{sfnp|Nasr|2003|pp=3, 39, 85, 270–272}} waa [[oath|dhaar]] lagu caddaynayo rumaysashada Islaamka. Qoraalka la ballaariyay waa &quot;{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ʾašhadu ʾal-lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh}}&quot; ({{langx|ar|أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله|label=none}}), ama, &quot;Waxaan qirayaa inuusan jirin [[deity|ilaah]] aan ahayn [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] waxaanuna qirayaa in Maxamed yahay rasuulkii Ilaahay.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohammad-1985&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mohammad |first=Noor |date=1985 |title=The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-law-and-religion_1985_3_2/page/381 |journal=[[Journal of Law and Religion]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=381–397 |doi=10.2307/1051034 |jstor=1051034 |publisher=Journal of Law and Religion, Inc. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu doodaa inuu leeyahay caqiido aad u fudud iyadoo shahaadadu ay tahay saldhigga diinta ka hartay. Aan-Muslimiinta raba inay [[Conversion to Islam|soo islaamaan]] waxaa looga baahan yahay inay ku dhawaaqaan shahaadada hortooda markhaatiyaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Kasim |first=Husain |year=2004 |c=Islam |pp=195–197 |in=Salamone}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Galonnier-2021&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Galonnier |first=Juliette |editor-last=van Nieuwkerk |editor-first=Karin |title=Moving In and Out of Islam |chapter=Moving In or Moving Toward? Reconceptualizing Conversion to Islam as a Liminal Process |location=New York |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2021 |pages=44–66 |doi=10.7560/317471-003 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023001/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Salaadda ===
[[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|thumb|[[Muslims|Muslimiin]] tukanaya ([[salah]]) gudaha [[Egypt]] waxaa alifay [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1865.]]
{{Main|Salah}}

{{See also|Mosque|Jumu'ah}}
Salaadda Islaamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[salah|as-salaad]] ({{langx|ar|الصلاة|link=no}}), ama erayga [[Persian language|Faarisiga]] ee ah &quot;Namaz.&quot; Waxaa loo arkaa xiriir shakhsi ah oo lala leeyahay Ilaahay, waxayna ka kooban tahay ku celcelinta qaybo la yiraahdo [[rakat|rakco]] oo ay ku jiraan [[Ruku|rukooc]] iyo [[Sujud|sujuud]] loo sujuudayo Ilaahay. Waxaa jira shan salaadood oo la cayimay maalintii oo dhan kuwaas oo loo arko waajibaad. Salaadaha waxaa lagu akhriyaa luqadda Carabiga waxaana lagu fuliyaa [[Qibla|dhanka]] [[Kaaba|Kacbada]]. Ficilku sidoo kale wuxuu u baahan yahay xaalad nadiif ah oo diimeed oo lagu gaaro hababka [[wudu|weysada]] ama, xaaladaha qaarkood, qubays buuxa oo [[ghusl|qubays ah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=18, 19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Hedayetullah|2006|pp=53–55}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Kobeisy|2004|pp=22–34}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Momen|1987|p=178}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[mosque|Masaajidka]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano masjid ama namazgah, waa [[places of worship|goob cibaado]] oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Inkasta oo ujeeddada ugu weyn ee masaajidku ay tahay inuu u adeego meel salaadeed, sidoo kale waa xarun bulsho oo muhiim u ah [[ummah|bulshada Muslimka ah]]. Tusaale ahaan, [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], wuxuu sidoo kale u adeegi jiray hoy ay degaan dadka saboolka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mattson |first=Ingrid |year=2006 |title=Women, Islam, and Mosques |pages=615–629 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America |series=Volume 2, Part VII. Islam |editor1=R. S. Keller |name-list-style=and |editor2=R. R. Ruether |place=Bloomington and Indianapolis |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-34687-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&amp;pg=PA615 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&amp;pg=PA615#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Minaret|Minaarooyinku]] waa munaarooyin loo isticmaalo in lagu yeero [[adhan|aanka]], kaas oo ah yeedhid afka ah oo lagu calaamadinayo waqtiga salaadda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen-Masjid-2010&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Pedersen |first1=Johannes |last2=Hillenbrand |first2=Robert |last3=Burton-Page |first3=John |author-link3=John Burton-Page |title=Masd̲j̲id |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2010 |doi=10.1163/9789004206106_eifo_COM_0694 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |title=Mosque |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928065350/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sakada ===
[[File:Slot at the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II 1.jpg|thumb|Meel lagu bixiyo sakada oo ku taal [[Zawiya of Moulay Idris II]] ee [[Fez, Morocco]].]]
{{Main|Zakat}}

{{See also|Sadaqah}}
[[Zakat|Sakada]] ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|زكاة|translit=zakāh|label=none}}), waa nooc ka mid ah [[Alms|Sadaqada]] oo lagu garto bixinta qayb go'an (2.5% sanadkii)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmed-Gianci-2005&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Ahmed |first1=Medani |last2=Gianci |first2=Sebastian |title=Zakat |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy |editor1-last=Cordes |editor1-first=Joseph J. |editor2-last=Ebel |editor2-first=Robert D. |editor3-last=Gravelle |editor3-first=Jane |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Urban Institute Press |year=2005 |page=479 |isbn=978-0877667520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m66_BgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA479 |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ee [[Financial capital|hantida la ururiyay]] ay bixiyaan kuwa awoodda u leh si ay u caawiyaan dadka saboolka ah ama baahan, sida xoraynta maxaabiista, kuwa [[bonded labor|dayn ku jira]], ama safarka ku ah, iyo kuwa loo shaqaaleysiiyo ururinta sakada. Waxay u shaqaysaa sidii nooc ka mid ah [[welfare spending|gar-gaar bulsheed]] oo ka jira bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ariff |first=Mohamed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&amp;pg=PA55 |title=The Islamic Voluntary Sector in Southeast Asia: Islam and the Economic Development of Southeast Asia |publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] |year=1991 |isbn=978-981-3016-07-1 |pages=55– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023007/https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&amp;&amp;pg=PA55 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad diimeed oo ay dadka ladani ku leeyihiin kuwa baahan sababtoo ah hantidooda waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timid nimcada Ilaahay,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2010|p=109–110}}: This is not regarded as charity because it is not really voluntary but instead is owed, by those who have received their wealth as a trust from God's bounty, to the poor.&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana loo arkaa daahirinta hantida dheeraadka ah ee qofka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = RoutledgeCurzon| isbn = 9780415297967| title =Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present.| location = United Kingdom| year = 2003| last=Ridgeon| first=Lloyd| url = | page = 258|quote=Aside from its function of purifying believers' wealth, the payment of zakat may have contributed in no small way to the economic welfare of the Muslim community in Mecca.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadarta guud ee sanadlaha ah ee lagu bixiyo sakada ayaa ah 15 jeer ka badan deeqaha gargaarka bini'aadamnimada ee adduunka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo qiyaaso taxaddar leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 June 2012 |title=A faith-based aid revolution in the Muslim world |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114014900/https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sadaqah|Sadaqadu]], si ka duwan Sakada, waa sadaqo ikhtiyaari ah oo aad loo dhiirrigeliyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Said |first=Abdul Aziz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&amp;pg=PA145 |title=Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static |publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-77011-8 |page=145 |display-authors=etal |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023121/https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&amp;pg=PA145 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/72 72]}} [[Waqf|Waaqfeku]] waa [[charitable trust|kalsooni samafal]] oo joogto ah, taas oo maalgelisa isbitaallada iyo dugsiyada bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=A. |title=Equity and Trusts |year=2003 |edition=3rd |page=32 |location=London |publisher=Cavendish Publishing |isbn=1-85941-729-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Soonta ===
[[File:Iftar for Ramadhan.jpg|thumb|Munaasabadda afurka, oo loo yaqaan ''[[Iftar]]'', waxaa dhaqan ahaan lagu bixiyaa [[date (fruits)|timir]].]]
{{Main|Fasting in Islam}}

{{See also|Fasting during Ramadan}}
Islaamka dhexdiisa, soonta ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|صوم|translit=ṣawm|label=none}}) waxay mamnuucaysaa cuntada iyo cabitaanka, iyo sidoo kale noocyada kale ee isticmaalka, sida [[Smoking in Islam|sigaar-cabista]], waxaana la fuliyaa laga bilaabo waaberiga ilaa qorrax-dhaca. Inta lagu jiro bisha [[Ramadan]], waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad saaran Muslimiinta inay soomaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ramadan |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009215438/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Soontu waxay dhiirrigelisaa dareen u dhowaanshaha Ilaahay iyadoo qofku is celinayo dartii Ilaahay wixii kale ee bannaan iyo in laga fikiro kuwa baahan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira maalmo kale, sida [[Day of Arafah|Maalinta Carafo]], marka soontu ay tahay ikhtiyaari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher =Tughra Books | isbn = 9781597846110| title = Fasting In Islam And The Month Of Ramadan| location = United States| year =2006 | last=Ramadanali| url = |page=51
| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xajka ===
{{Main|Hajj|Umrah}}

{{See also|Holiest sites in Islam}}
[[File:A packed house - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Xujeyda intii lagu jiray xilli [[Hajj|Hajka]] ee [[Masjid al-Haram]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Saudi Arabia|Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]].]]

[[pilgrimage|Xajka]] Islaamka, ee loo yaqaan {{transliteration|ar|ALA|ḥajj}} ({{langx|ar|حج|link=no}}), waa in la qabtaa ugu yaraan hal mar nolosha qof kasta oo Muslim ah oo awood u leh inta lagu jiro [[Islamic calendar|bisha Islaamka]] ee [[Dhu al-Hijjah]]. Caadooyinka Hajku waxay inta badan ku daydaan sheekada qoyska [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Dr Zakir |author-link=Zakir Naik |date=7 January 2025 |title=What Are the Pillars of Islam? |url=https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115054332/https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-date=2025-11-15 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Islampidia |language=en-AU}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Five Pillars of Islam |url=https://localhost:5000/learn/educators/curriculum-resources/art-of-the-islamic-world/unit-one/the-five-pillars-of-islam |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mecca|Makka]], xujeydu waxay toddobo jeer ku wareegaan [[Kaaba|Kacbada]], oo ay Muslimiintu rumeysan yihiin inuu dhisay Ibraahim meel cibaado ah, waxayna toddobo jeer u dhexeeyaan buuraha [[Safa and Marwa|Safa iyo Marwa]], iyagoo xusuusanaya tallaabooyinkii xaaska Ibraahim, [[Hagar]], oo u raadinaysay biyo ilmahaheedii [[Ishmael in Islam|Ismaaciil]] ee lamadegaanka ka hor intaan Makka is rogay degmo.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Goldschmidt|Davidson|2005|p=48}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Farah|1994|pp=145–147}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Hajj |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xajku sidoo kale wuxuu ku lug leeyahay in la qaato maalin duco iyo cibaado ah oo ka dhacda bannaanada [[Mount Arafat|Carafo]] iyo sidoo kale [[Stoning_of_the_Devil|tuurista shaydaanka]] si calaamadaysan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F.E. |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |date=2009 |isbn=978-1-4008-2548-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&amp;pg=PA19 |page=20 |publisher=Princeton University Press |access-date=7 October 2014 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023112/https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&amp;pg=PA19#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhammaan ragga Muslimiinta ah waxay xidhaan laba maro oo cad oo fudud oo aan tol lahayn oo loo yaqaan [[Ihram clothing|ixraam]], kuwaas oo loogu talagalay inay keenaan isku xirnaan jiilal iyo sinnaan ka dhexaysa xujeyda inkasta oo ay jiraan fasal ama asal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Cornell |first=Vincent J. |title=Voices of Islam: Voices of tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5LNUS0ciAAC&amp;pg=PA29 |access-date=26 August 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-98733-6 |page=29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Glassé|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&amp;pg=PA207 207]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nooc kale oo xaj ah, [[Umrah|Umrada]], waa ikhtiyaari waxaana la qaban karaa wakhti kasta oo sanadka ka mid ah. Goobaha kale ee xajka Islaamka waa [[Medina|Madiina]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ku geeriyooday, iyo sidoo kale [[Jerusalem|Quddus]], oo ah magaalo ay ku yaalliin nabiyo badan oo Islaam ah waana goobta [[Al-Aqsa|Al-Aqsa]], taas oo ahayd jihadii salaadda ka hor Makka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|title=The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades|publisher=Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University|year=1986|isbn=0918720583|editor1=Goss, V. P.|volume=21|page=208|editor2=Bornstein, C. V.|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023032/https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Trofimov-2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |author-link=Yaroslav Trofimov |title=The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine |location=New York |publisher=[[Knopf]] |date=2008 |page=79 |isbn=978-0-307-47290-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ficilada cibaadada ee kale ===
{{See also|Quran#Recitation|Dua|Dhikr}}
[[File:Men reading the Koran in Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria.jpg|thumb|Rag Muslimiin ah oo akhrinaya Quraanka gudaha [[Umayyad Mosque|Masjidka Umawiyiinta]] ee [[Damascus]], [[Syria]].]]
Muslimiintu waxay akhriyaan oo xifdiyaan Quraanka oo dhan ama qaybo ka mid ah si ay u noqdaan camal wanaagsan. [[Tajwid|Tajwiidku]] wuxuu tilmaamayaa xeerar taxane ah oo loogu talagalay [[elocution|akhriska saxda ah]] ee Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = | isbn = | title = Foundation of Tajweed| location = | year = 2013|edition=2| last=Aboo Yahyaa| url = | page = 1
| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslimiin badan ayaa akhriya Quraanka oo dhan inta lagu jiro bisha Ramadaan.{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/42 42–43]}} 

Qofka xifdiyay Quraanka oo dhan waxaa loo yaqaanaa Xaafid (&quot;xifdiyey&quot;), xadiisyaduna waxay xusayaan in shakhsiyaadkani ay awood u yeelan doonaan inay shafeecaan dadka kale Maalinta Qiyaamaha.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=my7hnALd_NkC|page=70}} 70]}} Baryada Ilaahay, oo Carabiga lagu yiraahdo {{Transliteration|ar|DIN|duʿāʾ}} ({{langx|ar|دعاء}}&amp;nbsp;{{IPA|ar|dʊˈʕæːʔ|IPA}}) waxay leedahay anshaxeedii gaarka ahaa sida [[Raising hands in dua|gacmaha oo la taago]] sidii iyadoo la baryayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Brill| isbn = 9789004335523| title = The Quṣṣāṣ of Early Islam| location = Netherlands| year = 2016| last=Armstrong| first=Lyall| url = | page = 184| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xuska Ilaahay ({{langx|ar|ذكر|translit=Dhikr'|label=none}}) wuxuu tilmaamayaa erayada lagu celceliyo ee tixraacaya Ilaahay. Sida caadiga ah, tan waxaa ka mid ah Tahmiid, oo lagu dhawaaqayo [[Alhamdulillah|ammaan oo dhan waxaa leh Ilaahay]] ({{langx|ar|الحمد لله|translit=al-Ḥamdu lillāh|label=none}}) inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la dareemayo mahadnaq, [[Tasbih|Tasbiix]], oo lagu dhawaaqayo weyneynta Ilaahay inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la cajabo shay oo la dhaho '[[Basmala|bismillaah]]' ka hor intaan la bilaabin ficil sida cuntada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=alhamdulillah |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227042540/https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 27, 2020|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Lexico}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==
{{Main|Taariikhda Islaamka}}

{{For timeline|Timeline of the history of Islam}}
{{See also|List of Muslim empires and dynasties}}{{multiple image
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| footer            = Bidix: [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], Sacuudi Carabiya, waa [[holiest sites in islam|goobta labaad ee ugu barakeysan]] ee Islaamka. Maxamed laftiisa ayaa ku lug lahaa dhismaha masjidka, iyo [[Green Dome|Qubbadiisa Cagaaran]] waa halka lagu aasay. Midig: [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]] waa goobta saddexaad ee ugu barakeysan ee Islaamka, halkaas oo Maxamed uu uga kacay samada intii uu socday [[Isra' and Mi'raj|Isra' iyo Mi'raaj]]. Goobtu waxay ahayd jihadii hore ee salaadda ([[qibla]]), halkaas oo Muslimiintu ay horay ugu tukan jireen ka hor intaan jihada loo beddelin [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]] ka dib waxyi soo gaaray Maxamed.
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=== Maxamed iyo bilowgii Islaamka (570–632) ===
{{Main|Muhammad|Muhammad in Islam}}

{{for timeline|Timeline of early Islamic history}}
{{Further|Muhammad in Mecca|Early social changes under Islam|First Islamic state}}
[[File:Hira_Cave.jpg|thumb|[[Jabal al-Nour]] u dhow [[Mecca|Makka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ka helay [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] ee ku jiray godka Xira.]]
Sida ku xusan dhaqanka Islaamka, Maxamed wuxuu ku dhashay [[Mecca|Makka]] sannadkii 570 [[Common Era|C.D.]] wuxuuna noqday agoon caruurnimadiisii. Isagoo ku koray ganacsade ahaan, wuxuu noqday mid loo yaqaan &quot;[[Amin (name)|amin (mid la isku halayn karo)]]&quot; ({{langx|ar|الامين}}) waxaana la doonayay inuu noqdo garsoore dhexdhexaad ah. Intuu ka dib guursaday shaqaalihiisii, haweeneydii ganacsatada ahayd ee [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadiija]].{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=6}} Sannadkii 610 C.D., isagoo dhibsaday hoos u dhaca akhlaaqda iyo shirkiga ka jiray Makka isla markaana raadinaya gooni-isu-taag iyo fikir ruuxi ah, Maxamed wuxuu u baxay Godka Xira ee buurta [[Jabal al-Nour]], oo u dhow Makka. Wuxuu ahaa intii uu ku sugnaa godka halkaas oo la sheegay inuu [[Muhammad's first revelation|helay waxyigii ugu horreeyay]] ee [[Quran|Quraanka]] oo uga yimid malaa'igta [[Gabriel|Jibriil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot; /&gt; Dhacdadii bixitaankii Maxamed ee godka iyo waxyigii xigay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Night of Power|Leylatul Qadr]] waxaana loo arkaa dhacdo muhiim ah taariikhda Islaamka. Intii lagu guda jiray 22-kii sano ee ka dambeeyay nolosha, laga bilaabo da'da 40 wixii ka dambeeyay, Maxamed wuxuu sii waday helitaanka waxyiga Ilaahay, isagoo noqday kii ugu dambeeyay ama [[Seal of the prophets|nabigii ugu dambeeyay]] ee loo diray bini'aadamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Muhammad |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg|thumb|Maxamed oo la muujiyay waji daboolan oo jooga [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] laga soo qaatay [[Siyer-i Nebi]], {{Circa|1595}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ottomans : religious painting |url=http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/ottoman33.html |access-date=1 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Inta lagu jiro xilligan, [[Muhammad in Mecca|halka uu joogay Makka, Maxamed]] wuxuu ku wacdiyay marka hore si qarsoodi ah ka dibna si cad, isagoo ka baryaya dhegaystayaashiisa inay ka tagaan [[Arab polytheism|shirkiga]] oo ay caabudaan hal Ilaah. Qaar ka mid ah [[Early Muslims|Muslimiintii ugu horreysay ee soo islaamtay]] waxay ahaayeen dumar, saboolka, ajaanibta, iyo addoommada sida mu'adinkii ugu horreeyay [[Bilal ibn Rabah|Bilaal bin Rabaax]].&lt;ref&gt;Rabah, Bilal B. ''[[Encyclopedia of Islam]].''&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka waaweyn ee Makka waxay dareemeen in Maxamed uu [[Early social changes under Islam|khalday nidaamkooda bulsho]] isagoo ka wacdiyaya hal Ilaah oo siinaya fikrado laga shakiyo saboolka iyo addoommada sababtoo ah waxay faa'iida ka helayeen xajka sanamyada Kacbada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ünal |first=Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&amp;pg=PA1323 |title=The Qurʼan with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English |publisher=Tughra Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-59784-000-2 |pages=1323– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024048/https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&amp;pg=PA1323#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|p=36}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka dib 12 sano oo ah [[Persecution of Muslims by Meccans|dhibaataynta Muslimiinta ay u geysanayeen dadkii Makka]], Maxamed iyo [[Companions of the Prophet|sahabbadiisii]] waxay sameeyeen [[Hegira|Hijradii]] 622 ee magaalada Yathrib (magaalada Madiina ee maanta). Wuxuu halkaas ka Aasaasay [[First Islamic state|Dowladdii Islaamiga ahayd ee ugu horreysay]] oo ay la socdaan Muslimiintii Madiina (''[[Ansar (Islam)|Ansaarta]]'') iyo muhaajiriintii Makka (''[[Muhajirun|Muhaajiriinta]]''). [[Constitution of Medina|Dastuurkii Madiina]] waxaa saxiixay dhammaan qabiilooyinkii Madiina. Tani waxay aasaastay xorriyadda diinta iyo xorriyadda isticmaalka sharcigooda u gaarka ah ee ka dhex jiray bulshooyinka Muslimka ah iyo kuwa aan Muslimka ahayn hammi ah in Madiina laga difaaco khataraha dibadda.{{sfnp|Serjeant|1978|p=4}} Ciidamadii Makka iyo xulafadoodii waxay guuldarro ka soo gaartay Muslimiinta [[Battle of Badr|Dagaalkii Badar]] 624 ka dibna waxay dagaalameen dagaal aan la isla ogayn oo ka dhacay [[Battle of Uhud|Dagaalkii Uxud]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Peter Crawford |title=The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83 |page=83 |publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Books Limited |isbn=9781473828650 |date=2013-07-16 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023957/https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83 |url-status=live }}.&lt;/ref&gt; ka hor intaanay ku guuldarraysan inay hareereeyaan Madiina [[Battle of the Trench|Dagaalkii Khandaq]] (Maarso–Abriil 627). Sannadkii 628, [[Treaty of al-Hudaybiya|Heshiiskii Xudeybiya]] ayaa la kala saxiixday Makka iyo Muslimiinta, laakiin waxaajabiyay Makka laba sano ka dib. Markii qabiilo badan ay islaameen, jidadkii ganacsiga ee Makka waxaa gooyay Muslimiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|pp=78–79, 194}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|pp=23–28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markaatay ahayd 629 Maxamed wuxuu ku guuleystay [[conquest of Mecca|furashadii Makka]] ee aan dhiiggu ku daadan, iyo waqtigii uu geeriyooday 632 (da'da 62) wuxuu midaysiiyay qabiilooyinkii Carabta]] hal qaran oo diimeed.

=== Islaamkii Hore (632–750) ===
{{Further|Succession to Muhammad|Early Muslim conquests}}
{{See also|Ghadir Khumm|Saqifa|Canonization of Islamic scripture}}
[[File:Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg|thumb|Expansion of the Caliphate{{legend|#a1584e|Muhammad, 622–632}}{{legend|#ef9070|Khulafo Al-Raashidiin, 632–661}}{{legend|#fad07d|Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750}}]]
Nabi Maxamed wuxuu geeriyooday sanadkii 632 waxaana khulafadii ugu horreysay ee loo yaqaan Khulafo – Abu Bakr, Cumar, Cuthmaan, Cali iyo marmar Xasan bin Cali&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| last1 = Melchert| first1 = Christopher| date = 2020| contribution = The Rightly Guided Caliphs: The Range of Views Preserved in Ḥadīth| editor1-last = al-Sarhan| editor1-first = Saud| title = Political Quietism in Islam: Sunni and Shi'i Practice and Thought| location = London and New York| publisher = I.B. Tauris| isbn = 978-1-83860-765-4| pages = 70–71| contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=96TDDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA63| access-date = 17 February 2022| url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt; – looga yaqaan Islaamka Sunniga ah ''al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn'' (&quot;Khulafadii Hagaysa&quot;).{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=40}} Qaar kamid ah qabiilooyinka ayaa Islaamka ka tagay oo ka inkiiray madax sheegtay in ay yihiin nebiyo cusub balse Abu Bakr wuxuu ku jebiyey dagaalladii Riddada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Hourani|2002|p=22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Madelung|1996|p=43}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Ṭabāṭabāʼī|1979|pp=30–50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee Yuhuudda iyo Nasaarada asaliga ah, ee loo haystay dad laga tirada badan yahay oo diinaysan loona culeysiyay canshuuraha, ayaa inta badan ka caawiyey Muslimiinta inay qabsadaan dhulkooda,{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=38}} taasoo keentay in khilaafaddu ay si degdeg ah ugu ballaarato boqortooyooyinkii Saasaniyiinta iyo Biisantiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=J. Kuiper |first=Matthew |title=Da'wa: A Global History of Islamic Missionary Thought and Practice |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9781351510721 |page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira M. |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-521-51430-9 |pages=60–61 |author-link=Ira M. Lapidus}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuthmaan waxaa la doortay 644 waxaana dilkiisii uu kiciyey in Cali loo doorto Khaliifkii xigay. Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Koowaad, xaaskii Nebiga, Caashaa, waxay soo saartay ciidan ka soo horjeeda Cali, iyada oo isku dayaysa inay u aarto dhimashadii Cuthmaan, balse waa lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Geela. Cali wuxuu isku dayay inuu xilka ka qaado guddoomiyihii Suuriya, Mucaawiya, kaas oo loo arkayay musuqmaasuq. Mucaawiya ayaa markaas dagaal ku dhawaaqay Cali waana lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Sifeyn. Go'aanka Cali ee ahaa inuu dhex-dhexaadin sameeyo ayaa ka caraysiiyey Khawaarijta, oo ahayd koox xagjir ah, kuwaas oo qabay in aan la dagaallamin qof dembiile ah awgeed, Cali uu isna noqday dembiile. Khawaarijtu way caasiyoobeen waxaana lagu jebiyey Dagaalkii Nahrawan balse nin Khawaariji ah ayaa gadaal ka dilay Cali. Wiilkiii Cali, Xasan bin Cali, ayaa loo doortay Khaliif wuxuuna saxiixay heshiis nabadeed si looga fogaado dagaal kale, isaga oo xilka uga degay Mucaawiya si uusan Mucaawiya u soo magacaabin qof beddela.{{sfnp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=67–72}}
[[File:Almuñécar, statue of Abd al-Rahman I.jpg|thumb|Taallo ay leedahay Cabduraxmaan I oo ku taal Almuñécar, Isbayn. Islaamku wuxuu gaaray Galbeedka Yurub 711 AD, markii Ṭariiq bin Siyaad uu galay Jasiiradda Iberia. Sanadkii 756, Cabduraxmaan wuxuu aasaasay Imaaradda Cordoba, isagoo ka aasaasay dowlad Islaami ah oo madaxbannaan al-Andalus.]]
Mucaawiya wuxuu bilaabay Saldanaddii Umawiyiinta isagoo u magacaabay wiilkiisii Yaziid inay isku xigaan, taasoo dhalisay Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Labaad. Intii uu socday Dagaalkii Karbala, Xuseen bin Cali, wiilka labaad ee Cali iyo awowgii nebiga, waxaa si arxan darro ah u dilay ciidamadii Yaziid; dhacdadii waxaa sannad walba xusaa Muslimiinta Shiicada ah ilaa maanta. Sunniga, oo uu hoggaaminayo Ibn al-Zubayr oo kasoo horjeeda khilaafad dhaxal ah, ayaa lagaga adkaaday Go'doomintii Makka. Khilaafyadan hoggaanka ayaa keenay inuu dhasho khilaafka Sunni-Shiicada,{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Harney |first=John |date=3 January 2016 |title=How Do Sunni and Shia Islam Differ? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/q-and-a-how-do-sunni-and-shia-islam-differ.html |access-date=4 January 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo Shiicadu ay aaminsan tahay in hoggaanku uu leeyahay qoyskii Nebiga (Ahl al-bayt).{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}
Hoggaankii Abu Bakr wuxuu kormeeray bilowgii ururinta Qur'aanka. Khaliifkii Cumar bin Cabdicasiis wuxuu dhisay guddigii, Todobadii Fuqaha ee Madiina,{{sfnp|Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr|2012|p=505}}&lt;ref&gt;''Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz'' By Imam Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam died 214 AH 829 C.E. Publisher Zam Zam Publishers Karachi, pp. 54–59&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana Malik bin Anas uu qoray mid ka mid ah buugagii ugu horreeyay ee ku saabsan fiiqhiga Islaamka, ''Muwatta'', oo ahayd is-afgarad ku saabsan aragtida culimadaas.{{sfnp|Coulson|1964|p=103}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |editor-last1=Houtsma |editor-first1=M.T. |editor-last2=Wensinck |editor-first2=A.J. |editor-last3=Lévi-Provençal |editor-first3=E. |editor-last4=Gibb |editor-first4=H.A.R. |editor-last5=Heffening |editor-first5=W. |series=Volume V: L—Moriscos |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1993 |edition=reprint |isbn=978-90-04-09791-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va6oSxzojzoC |pages=207– |access-date=19 September 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor=Moshe Sharon |title=Studies in Islamic History and Civilization: In Honour of Professor David Ayalon |year=1986 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789652640147 |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_wUAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA264 |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Khawaarijtu waxay aaminsanaayeen in uusan jirin dhexdhexaad la tanaasuli karo oo u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo xumaanta, iyo in muslim kasta oo gala dembi weyn uu noqonayo gaal. Erayga &quot;Khawaarij&quot; waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday in lagu tilmaamo ISIS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mamouri|first=Ali|date=8 January 2015|title=Who are the Kharijites and what do they have to do with IS?|work=Al-monitor|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2015/01/islamic-state-kjarijites-continuation.html|access-date=6 March 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Murji'ah waxay barayeen in dadka toosan lagu xukumi karo Eebbe kaligii. Sidaa darteed, dembiilayaasha waxaa loo arki karaa inay marin habaabeen, laakiin aan lagu tilmaamin gaalo.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=43}} Dabeecaddan ayaa timid inay ku guulaysato caqiidada Islaamka ee ugu weyn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}}[[File:BalianofIbelin1490.jpg|thumb|Saliibiyiinta oo ku wareejinaya Qudus Muslimiinta sanadkii 1187 AD.]] Saldanaddii Umawiyiintu waxay qabsatay Maqrib, Jasiiradda Iberia, Gallia Narbonensis iyo Sindh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Donald |last=Puchala |title=Theory and History in International Relations |page=137 |publisher=Routledge |year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duullaamadii Islaamka ee hore waxaa lagu tilmaamay imperialism Islaami ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;n050&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last=Wright | first=Craig S | title=Arab Colonialism and the Roots of the Golden Age of Islam | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | date=2022 | issn=1556-5068 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.4020040 | url=https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4020040 | access-date=2026-04-24 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umawiyiintu waxay la halgamayeen l'aynaansho sharci ah waxayna ku tiirsanaayeen ciidan aad loo taageero.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=45}} Maaddaama canshuurta Jizya ay ahayd canshuur ay bixiyaan kuwa aan muslimka ahayn oo ka reebayay adeegga ciidanka, Umawiyiintu waxay diideen inay aqoonsadaan islaam-gelitaanka kuwa aan Carabta ahayn, maadaama ay yaraynaysay dakhliga.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Iyadoo Khilaafadii Raashidiintu ay adkaysay adduunyo la'aanta, iyadoo Cumar uu xitaa dalbanayo in la tiriyo hantida sarkaal kasta,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first1=Ahmad Ibn Jabir|last1=Al-Biladhuri |first2=Philip|last2=Hitti|title=Kitab Futuhu'l-Buldan|page=219 |publisher=AMS Press |year=1969}}&lt;/ref&gt; raaxada Umawiyiinta ayaa dhalisay qancin la'aan dadka diinta ku adag.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Khawaarijtu waxay hoggaamiyeen Kacdoonkii Berber, taasoo horseeday dowladaha ugu horreeya ee Islaamka oo ka madax bannaan Khilaafada. Kacdoonkii Cabbasiyiinta, kuwa aan Carabta ahayn ee soo islaamay (Mawla), qabiilooyinkii Carabta ee ay Umawiyiintu meesha ka saareen, iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada ayaa midoobay oo riday Umawiyiinta, iyaga oo bilaabay Cabbasiyiinta oo caalami ah sanadkii 750.{{sfnp|Lewis|1993|pp=71–83}}
=== Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka (786–1258) ===
{{Further|Hadith studies|Islamic philosophy}}
{{See also|Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe|Turco-Persian tradition}}
[[File:Al-Risalah_al-Dhahabiah.JPG|thumb|Bog ka mid ah Al-Risala al-Dhahabiyya ee Imam Ali al-Rida (809 AD), oo ah tii ugu qiimaha badnayd ee shaqooyinka Islaamka ee Sayniska Caafimaadka. Waxaa ku jira qaybo saynis sida Anatomiya, Histoloji, Fisioloji, Kimistari iyo Patoloji intii sayniska caafimaadku uu wali ahaa mid bilow ah.]]
Al-Shafi'i wuxuu dejiyay hab lagu xaqiijiyo isku-halaynta xadiiska.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|p=86}} Waagii hore ee Ablaasiyiinta, aqoonyahanno sida Muhammad al-Bukhari iyo Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj waxay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Ahlusunna, halka aqoonyahanno sida Al-Kulayni iyo Ibn Babawayh ay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Shiicada. Astaamaha afar-madhab ee Ahlusunna—Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki, iyo Shafi'i—waxaa lagu tiiriyay dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Abū Ḥanīfa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Malik ibn Anas iyo al-Shafi'i. Taa beddelkeeda, dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Ja'far al-Sadiq waxay dhiseen Fiqhiga Ja'fari. Qarnigii 9aad, Al-Tabari wuxuu dhameystiray qafiskii ugu horreeyay ee Tafsiirka Quraanka, Tafsir al-Tabari, oo noqday mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu xigashada badan Ahlusunna Islaamka. Doobab ka mid ah Muslinka waxay ka fekereen ka-sallamaaynta nolosha duniyeed waxayna xoogga saareen saboolnimada, is-hoosaysiinta, iyo fogaanta dambiga ee ku basada diidmada rabitaanka jidhka. Zuhuudka sida Hasan al-Basri waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaq dib u zhugnaaday tasawwuf ama Sufi.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=90, 91}}

Waqtigan, dhibaatooyinka fiqiga, gaar ahaan doorashada xorta ah, waxay ahaayeen kuwo si adag loo maareeyay, iyadoo Hasan al-Basri uu qabay in kasta oo Eebbe uu og yahay waxa dadku sameynayaan, wanaagga iyo xintu ay ka yimaadaan isticmaalka qaldan ee doorashada xorta ah iyo Ibliiska.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|pp=38-39}}{{efn|&quot;Hasan al-Basri waxaa inta badan loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah dadkii ugu horreeyay ee diaday asalka malaa'igta ee ibliiska, isagoo ku doodaya in dhicitaankiisu yahay natiijada doorashadiisa xorta ah, oo ma ahan go'aanka Eebbe. Hasan al-Basri wuxuu sidoo kale ku dooday in malaa'igtu aysan awoodin dambiga ama khaladaadka oo ay ka sharaf badan yihiin aadanaha iyo xata cabsida nabiyada. Shiicada iyo Sunnida hore waxay ka soo horjeedeen ra'yigiisa.&lt;ref&gt;Omar Hamdan ''Studien zur Kanonisierung des Korantextes: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs Beiträge zur Geschichte des Korans'' Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 2006 {{ISBN|978-3447053495}} pp. 291–292 (German)&lt;/ref&gt;}} Falsafada Caqliga Giriiga waxay dhiirrigelisay dugsi feker oo loo yaqaan Mu'tazila, oo si ka muuqata u dooday fikradda doorashada xorta ah ee uu bilaabay Wasil ibn Ata.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=50}} Khaliif al-Mamun wuxuu ka dhigay caqiido rasmi ah wuxuuna si aan guul lahayn ugu doortay inuu ku qasbo booskan dadka intiisa badan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=88}} Khaliif Al-Mu'tasim wuxuu sameeyay Mihna, iyadoo Ahmad ibn Hanbal oo ilaalinaayay dhaqanka uu si muuqata u diaday inuu waafaqo fikradda Mu'tazila ee ah in Quraanku yahay ku dhacay halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa mid weligeed ah, taas oo ka dhigtay in la jilciyo oo lagu hayo qol madow muddo ku dhow soddon bilood.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Doi |first=Abdur Rahman |title=Shariah: The Islamic Law |location=London |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-907461-38-8 |page=110}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dugsiyada kale ee Kalam—Māturīdism oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi iyo Ash'ari oo uu aasaasay Al-Ash'ari—waxay ahaayeen kuwo si ballaaran loo qaatay. Falsafadyahannada sida Al-Farabi, Avicenna iyo Averroes waxay isku deyeyeen inay waafajiyaan fikradaha Aristotle iyo fundamentiinta Islaamka, iyagoo u dhow Iskolastikada Kiristanka ee Yuubka iyo shaqada Maimonides ee Yuhuudda, halka kuwo kale sida Al-Ghazali ay ka soo horjeedeen habkan oo ugu dambeyntii guuleysteen.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=160}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=126–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Al-Idrisi's_world_map.JPG|thumb|Tabula Rogeriana (1154 AD) ee al-Idrisi, oo ah mid ka mid ah khariidadaha dunida ee ugu horumarsanaa qarniyadii dhexe, oo la sameeyay Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.]]
Axdigan inta badan waxaa loo yaqaan Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=80, 92, 105}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|pp=661–663}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=56}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lewis|1993|p=84}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guulaha sayniska Islaamku waxay samaysteen qaybo badan oo maadooyin ah sida caafimaadka, xisaabta, astronomiga, iyo beeraha iyo sidoo kale fisigiska, dhaqaalaha, injineernimada iyo optigga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=King |first=David A. |year=1983 |title=The Astronomy of the Mamluks |journal=Isis |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=531–55 |doi=10.1086/353360 |s2cid=144315162 | issn=0021-1753}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan-1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y. al-Hassan |title=Islam and the Challenge of Modernity |chapter=Factors Behind the Decline of Islamic Science After the Sixteenth Century |editor-last=Al-Attas |editor-first=S. S. |editor-link=Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization |year=1996 |pages=351–399 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ854295.pdf|title=Contributions of Islamic scholars to the scientific enterprise|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The greatest scientific advances from the Muslim world|website=TheGuardian.com|date=February 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/feb/01/islamic-science|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Avicenna wuxuu ahaa horyaal ku saabsan caafimaadka tijaabada ah,&lt;ref&gt;Jacquart, Danielle (2008). &quot;Islamic Pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Theories and Substances&quot;. European Review (Cambridge University Press) 16: 219–227.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). &quot;Arab Roots of European Medicine&quot;, Heart Views 4 (2).&lt;/ref&gt; oo The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo isticmaalay qoraal caafimaad oo heer sare ah ee dunida Islaamka iyo Yurub qarniyo. Rhazes wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aqoonsaday cudurrada furfuraa iyo jadeecada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx|title=Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes) (c. 865-925)|publisher=sciencemuseum.org.uk|access-date=31 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 Bisha Shanaad 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506072259/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cisbitaallada dadweynaha ee waqtigaas waxay bixiyeen shahaadooyinka ugu horreeya ee caafimaadka si loogu ogolaado dhakhaatiirta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alatas |first=Syed Farid |year=2006 |title=From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue |url=https://zenodo.org/record/29439 |journal=Current Sociology |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=112–132 |doi=10.1177/0011392106058837 |s2cid=144509355 |access-date=12 September 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Imamuddin |first=S.M. |title=Muslim Spain 711–1492 AD |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1981 |isbn=978-90-04-06131-6 |page=169}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibn al-Haytham waxaa loo tixgeliyaa aabaha habka sayniska ee casriga ah iyadoo inta badan loo sheego &quot;saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee runta ah ee dunida&quot;, gaar ahaan shaqadiisa optigga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-link=Gerald J. Toomer|first=G. J. |last=Toomer |jstor=228328 |title=Review Work: Matthias Schramm (1963) ''Ibn Al-Haythams Weg zur Physik'' |journal=Isis |volume=55 |issue=4 |date=Dec 1964 |page=464 |quote=Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Al-Khalili |first=Jim |date=4 January 2009 |title=The 'first true scientist' |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gorini |first=Rosanna |date=October 2003 |title=Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision |journal=Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=53–55 |url=http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf |access-date=25 September 2008 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Injineernimada, walaalaha Banū Mūsā aaladdooda turumbada tooska ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ahaan lahayd mashinkii ugu horreeyay ee la barnamijayn karo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Koetsier |first1=Teun |title=On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mechanism-and-machine-theory_2001-05_36_5/page/589 |journal=Mechanism and Machine Theory |date=May 2001 |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=589–603 |doi=10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xisaabta Islaamka, fikradda algorithm waxaa lagu magacaabay Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, oo loo tixgeliyo aasaasaha aljabra, oo lagu magacaabay buugiisa al-jabr, halka kuwo kale ay soo saareen fikradda shaqada (function).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Katz |first1=Victor J. |author1-link=Victor J. Katz |last2=Barton |first2=Bill |title=Stages in the History of Algebra with Implications for Teaching |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-studies-in-mathematics_2007-10_66_2/page/185 |journal=Educational Studies in Mathematics |date=18 September 2007 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=185–201 |doi=10.1007/s10649-006-9023-7 |s2cid=120363574 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dowladda waxay siin jirtay saynisyahannada mushahar u dhigma mushaharka ciyaartoyda xirfadleyda ah ee maanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Ahmed|2006|pp=23, 42, 84}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guinness World Records wuxuu u aqoonsan yahay Jaamacadda Al Karaouine, oo la aasaasay 859, inay tahay jaamacadda ugu qadiimsan ee bixisa shahaadooyinka dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Young |first=Mark |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofwo1998newy |title=The Guinness Book of Records |year=1998 |page=242 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-57895-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dad badan oo aan Muslin ahayn, sida Kiristanka, Yuhuudda iyo Saabi'iinta,&lt;ref name=&quot;Brague 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam|first=Rémi |last=Brague|year= 2009| isbn=9780226070803| page =164|publisher=University of Chicago Press|quote=Neither were there any Muslims among the Ninth-Century translators. Almost all of them were Christians of various Eastern denominations: Jacobites, Melchites, and, above all, Nestorians... A few others were Sabians.}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay guntadeen ilbaxnimada Islaamka qaybo meelaha ah,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill-1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hill |first=Donald |author-link=Donald Routledge Hill |title=Islamic Science and Engineering |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=1993 |page=4 |isbn=0-7486-0455-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brague-Assyrians&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Brague |first=Rémi |author-link=Rémi Brague |title=Assyrians contributions to the Islamic civilization |url=http://www.christiansofiraq.com/assyriancontributionstotheislamiccivilization.htm |website=Christians of Iraq |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo machadka loo yaqaan Bayt al-Hikma wuxuu u shaqaaleysiiyay aqoonyahanno Kiristan iyo Faarisi ah si ay ugu turjumaan shaqooyinka luqadda Carabiga iyo si ay u soosaaraan aqoon cusub.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meri-Bacharach-2006&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Meri |editor-first1=Josef W. |editor-link1=Josef W. Meri |editor-last2=Bacharach |editor-first2=Jere L. |editor-link2=Jere L. Bacharach |title=Hadith |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |year=2006 |page=304 |isbn=978-0415966917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MypbfKdMePIC&amp;pg=PA304 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Saliba-1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George Saliba |title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam |location=New York |publisher=New York University Press |year=1994 |pages=245, 250, 256–57 |isbn=0-8147-8023-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Cheshm manuscript.jpg|thumb|Anatomiya ee isha oo uu samaystay Hunayn ibn Ishaq, oo mas'uul ka ahaa turjumida Bayt al-Hikma waagii Boqortooyada Ablaasiyiinta, 1200 AD.]]Askartu waxay ka go'een boqortooyadii Ablaasiyiinta waxayna dhiseen khilaafadooda propriyada ah, sida Tulunids oo 868 ku tirsanaa Masar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Holt|first=Peter Malcolm|author-link=Peter Holt (historian)|title=The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, 1098–1291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0qLHVGgH7AC&amp;pg=PA8|year=2004|publisher=Pearson Longman|isbn=978-0-582-36931-3|page=6|access-date=2 February 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo boqortooyada Ghaznavid oo 977 ku tirsanaa Aasiyada Dhexe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Islamic Central Asia: an anthology of historical sources |editor-first1=Scott Cameron |editor-last1=Levi |editor-first2=Ron |editor-last2=Sela |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2010 |page=83}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaybsanaantan waxay keentay Qarnigii Shiicada, oo u dhaxeeyay 945 iyo 1055, oo la arkay kor u kaca dhaqdhaqaaqa Isma'ili Shiicada. Koox Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Fatimid, waxay gacanta ku dhigeen Waqooyiga Afrika qarnigii 10aad&lt;ref&gt;Neue Fischer Weltgeschichte &quot;Islamisierung in Zentralasien bis zur Mongolenzeit&quot; Band 10: Zentralasien, 2012, p. 191 (German)&lt;/ref&gt; iyo koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, Qarmatians, waxay boobeen Makka waxayna xadeen Hajar al-Aswad, oo ah dhagaxa ku dhex jira Kacbada, dib-u-jabayntooda aan guulaysan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Glubb |first=John Bagot |title=Mecca (Saudi Arabia) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mecca#ref887188 |access-date=18 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Buyid, waxay qabsadeen Baqdaad waxayna ka dhigeen Ablaasiyiinta boqortooyo magac ah oo kaliya. Boqortooyada Seljuk ee Ahlusunna waxay u dhaqaaqday inay mar kale adkayso Islaamka Ahlusunna iyagoo faafinayay ra'yiyada aqoonyahanada waqtigaas, gaar ahaan dhisidda machadyada waxbarashada ee loo yaqaan Nizamiyyas, oo la xiriira al-Ghazali iyo Saadi Shirazi.&lt;ref&gt;Andreas Graeser ''Zenon von Kition: Positionen u. Probleme'' Walter de Gruyter 1975 {{ISBN|978-3-11-004673-1}} p. 260&lt;/ref&gt; Faaftada dunida Muslinka waxay sii socotay iyadoo ergooyinka diinta ay u badaleen Volga Bulgaria Islaamka. Sultanada Delhi waxay gaadhay gudaha qaarad-hoosaadka Hindiya oo kuwo badan ayaa u badalay Islaamka,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=227–228}} gaar ahaan Hinduga heerka hoose ee faracoodu ka kooban yahay inta badan Muslinka Hindiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36220329|title=Why are many Indian Muslims seen as untouchable?|publisher=BBCnews|date=10 May 2016|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ganacsigu wuxuu keenay Muslin badan oo Shiinaha ah, halkaas oo ay si buuxda u xukumi jireen warshadaha soo dejinta iyo ka deerinta ee boqortooyada Song.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Islam in China |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/china_1.shtml |access-date=10 August 2011 |publisher=BBC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka waxaa loo qortay maamulayaal la doortay oo heer sare ah boqortooyada Yuan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lipman|first=Jonathan Newman|title=Familiar Strangers, a history of Muslims in Northwest China|location=Seattle, WA|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-295-97644-0|page=33}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Casrigii Ka-horreeyay Casriga Cusub (1258 – Qarnigii 18aad) ===
{{Further|Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam}}
[[File:GhazanConversionToIslam.JPG|thumb|Muuqaal qarnigii 14aad ee Ghazan, oo ahaa boqorkii 7aad ee Ilkhanate ee Boqortooyada Mongol, oo Islaamay.]]
Pobalka ganacsiga Muslinka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa tariiqooyinka Sufida dhiigooda,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=125–258}} Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay dhulal cusub&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Spread of Islam |url=http://www.yale.edu/yup/pdf/cim6.pdf |access-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinkuna waxay la dhex-galeen dhaqammo cusub. Hoos kaga jirtay Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay Koonfur-bari Yuuroop.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=6 May 2008 |title=Ottoman Empire |publisher=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&amp;_pos=3 |access-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 Bisha Shanaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525072847/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&amp;_pos=3 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamidda inta badan waxay lahayd heer sinkretisam ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Islamic and European Expansion |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1993 |editor-last=Adas |editor-first=Michael |location=Philadelphia |page=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; sida uu muujinayo muuqaalka Muhammad ee suugaanta dadweynaha ee Hinduga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara |title=Islam in South Asia in Practice |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2009 |page=104}}&lt;/ref&gt; Turkida Muslinka ah waxay ku dareen walxaha caqiidada Shamanisamka Turkida Islaamka.{{efn|&quot;Sannadaha dhow, fikradda sinkretisamka waa la dhuftay. Maaddaama ay maqan tahay awood lagu go'aamiyo ama lagu tixgeliyo caqiidada Ortodokska ee ku saabsan Islaamka, aqoonyahannada qaarkood waxay ku doodayaan inaysan jirin caqiidooyinka la qresheeyay, oo kaliya ee la amray habka, Islaamka ka hor qarnigii 16aad.{{sfnp|Peacock|2019|p=20–22}}}}{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|pp=1425–1429}} Muslinka ku jira Boqortooyada Ming ee Shiinaha oo ka soo jeeda soo-galootigii hore waa la la-dhex-galay, mararka qaar shuruuc ku dhiirrigelisa dhex-galka,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor1-last=Farmer|editor1-first=Edward L.|title=Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule|date=1995|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004103910|page=82|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCIjZ7l6TX8C&amp;pg=PA82|access-date=19 February 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyagoo qaatay magacyada Shiinaha iyo dhaqanka halka Nanjing uu noqday xarun muhiim ah ee barashada Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;Israeli, Raphael (2002). ''Islam in China''. p. 292. Lexington Books. {{ISBN|0-7391-0375-X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dillon |first=Michael |year=1999 |title=China's Muslim Hui Community |publisher=Curzon |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasmuslimhuic00dill |isbn=978-0-7007-1026-3 |page=37 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndhex-galka dhaqanka wuxuu ahaay mid muuqda iyadoo la yaraysay saamaynta Carabta ka dib burburintii Mongol ee Khilafadii Ablaasiyiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=497}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khanates-ka Mongol ee Muslinka ah ee ku jira Iiraan iyo Aasiyada Dhexe waxay ka faa'iideysteen kordhinta helitaanka dhaqammada ee Bariga Aasiya oo hoos jirtay xukunkii Mongol sidaas darteed waxay u horumareen oo ay u samaysteen si ka duwan saamaynta Carabta, sida Dib-u-dhalashadii Timurid oo hoos jirtay boqortooyada Timurid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Subtelny |first=Maria Eva |date=November 1988 |title=Socioeconomic Bases of Cultural Patronage under the Later Timurids |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/socioeconomic-bases-of-cultural-patronage-under-the-later-timurids/2A0F3018EE155F23FC4A7F5F25D7DE6D |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=479–505 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800053861 |s2cid=162411014 |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wuxuu soo bandhigay qaabka xisaabta oo ka dib loo dooday inuu qaatay Copernicus isagoo aan waxba ka badalin qaabkiisa heliocentric-ka,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=1999|title=Nasir al-Din al-Tusi|publisher=University of St Andrews|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Tusi_Nasir/|access-date=27 August 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo qiyaasta pi ee Jamshīd al-Kāshī ma aysan dhaafin 180 sano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=1999 |title=Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi |publisher=University of St Andrews |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Kashi/ |access-date=29 December 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg|thumb|Mehmed II oo galaya Constantinople.]]
Ka dib markii la soo bandhigay hubka baaruda, dawlado waaweyn oo dhawaan xabbada lahaa oo Muslin ah ayaa ku bashqaday boqortooyoyinka baaruda, kuwaas oo hore u kala qaybsanaay dhulal kala duwan. Khilafada waxaa sheegtay boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo sheegashadooda la adkeeyay 1517 markii Selim I uu noqday taliyaha Makka iyo Madiina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Drews |first=Robert |url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/publications/ |title=Coursebook: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, to the Beginnings of Modern Civilization |date=August 2011 |publisher=Vanderbilt University |chapter=Chapter Thirty – &quot;The Ottoman Empire, Judaism, and Eastern Europe to 1648&quot; |chapter-url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/files/2014/01/Chapter-Thirty.-The-Ottoman-Empire-Judaism-and-Eastern-Europe-to-1648.pdf |access-date=21 April 2020 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Boqortooyada Shiicada ee Safavid waxay ku korortay awoodda 1501 ka dibna waxay qabsatay dhammaan Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;Peter B. Golden: An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples; In: Osman Karatay, Ankara 2002, p. 321&lt;/ref&gt; Koonfurta Aasiya, Babur wuxuu aasaasay Boqortooyada Mughal.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|last=Gilbert|first=Marc Jason|title=South Asia in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dhKDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA75|year=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-066137-3|pages=75|access-date=15 January 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diinta dawladaha ku dhex-jira ee boqortooyoyinka baaruda waxay saamaysay dhaqanka diimeed ee dadkooda ku dhex-jira. Wada-noolaanshaha u dhexeeya taliyayaasha Cusmaaniyiinta iyo Sufinimada wuxuu si adag u saameeyay xukunkii Islaamka ee Cusmaaniyiinta tan iyo bilowgii. Tariiqada Mevlevi iyo Bektashis waxay lahaayeen xiriir dhow oo ay la lahaayeen sultannada,&lt;ref&gt;Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 540&lt;/ref&gt; maaddaama noocyada Sufi-suufiyada ah iyo kuwo kale oo sinkretik ah ee Islaamka ay u horumareen si muuqata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Algar |first=Ayla Esen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fc69BhBDjhwC&amp;q=ottomans+sufism |title=The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, Art, and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey |page=15 |date=1 January 1992 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07060-8 |access-date=29 April 2020 |via=Google Books |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Badanaa qasabka dhex-galka Safavid ee Iiraan ee Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha ee Boqortooyada Safavid wuxuu xaqiijiyay xukunkii dambe ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Shiicada. Soo-galootiga Faarisiga ah ee Koonfurta Aasiya, maaddaama ay ahaayeen maamulayaal saamayntooda leh iyo milkiilayaal dhul, waxay caawiyeen faafinta Islaamka Shiicada, iyagoo dhisay qaar ka mid ah dadka ugu waaweyn ee Shiicada ee ka baxsan Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/conversion-iii|title=CONVERSION To Imami Shiʿism in India|publisher=Iranica Online|language=English|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nader Shah, oo riday Safavids, wuxuu isku deyey inuu wanaajiyo xiriirka Ahlusunna ee Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo la faafinayo dhex-galka Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Ahlusunna sida madhabka shanaad, oo loo yaqaan Ja'farism,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Nadir Shah and the Ja 'fari Madhhab Reconsidered |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=27 |issue=1–4 |date=1994 |pages=163–179 |doi=10.1080/00210869408701825 |jstor=4310891}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo ku dhiirran waayay inuu helo aqoonsi ka soo baxa Cusmaaniyiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Nāder Shāh |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nader-shah |date=29 March 2006 |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |access-date=9 March 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Casrigii Casriga Ahaa (Qarniyadii 18aad–20aad) ===
[[File:Portrait Caliph Abdulmecid II.jpg|thumb|Sawirka Khaliifkii ugu dambeeyay Abdülmecid II, ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, 1923.]]

Horey qarnigii 14aad, Ibn Taymiyya wuxuu dhiirrigeliyay qaab daahir ah oo Islaamka ah, isagoo diaday hababka falsafada si uu u doorbido fiqhiga fudud,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Mary Hawkesworth, Maurice Kogan ''Encyclopedia of Government and Politics: 2-volume set'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-1-136-91332-7}} pp. 270–271&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna ugu baaqay in loo furo albaabada ijtihadka halkii indho la'aan loogu dayan lahaa aqoonyahannada.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=150}} Wuxuu ugu baaqay jihad ka dhan ah kuwa uu u tixgeliyay gaalo,{{Refn|group=note|Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} p. 6}} laakiin qoraalladiisu waxay lahaayeen oo kaliya doorkii ugu yaraa intii uu babacayay.{{Refn|group=note|Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri. SUNY Press. pp. 129–130.}} Qarnigii 18aad ee Carabiya, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, oo ay saameeyeen shaqooyinka Ibn Taymiyya iyo Ibn al-Qayyim, wuxuu aasaasay dhaqdhaqaaq loo yaqaan Wahhabism si loo laabto waxa uu u arkay Islaamka aan la badalin.&lt;ref&gt;Donald Quataert ''The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-83910-5}} p. 50&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu cambaareeyay caadooyinka badan ee maxalliga ah ee Islaamka, sida bisitaynta qabriga Muhammad ama Imamyada Shiicada, maaddaama ay yihiin bidco cusub iyo dambi&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 260&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna burburiyay dhagaxyada iyo geedaha xurmada leh, goobaha Sufida, Qabuuraha al-Baqi, qabuuraha Muhammad iyo asxaabtiisa iyo Qabriga Imam Husayn, oo ah goob muhiim ah oo loo bisiteeyo Shiicada.{{Refn|group=note|Graves desecrated in Mizdah, Libya Herald, 2013}}{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=146}} Wuxuu dhisay isbahaysi uu la leeyahay qoyska Saud, oo marka la joogo 1920-yadii ay dhammaystireen qabsashadooda dhulka noqon doona Sacuudi Carabiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Musa-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite thesis |title=The Emergence of a Scholar from a Garrison Society: A contextual analysis of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhāb's doctrine in the light of the Qur'ān and Hadīth |url=https://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/id/eprint/2096/ |publisher=University of Wales Trinity Saint David |date=2022-08-23 |degree=masters |language=en |first=Shahajada Md |last=Musa |access-date=19 December 2023 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nicolas Laos ''The Metaphysics of World Order: A Synthesis of Philosophy, Theology, and Politics'' Wipf and Stock Publishers 2015 {{ISBN|978-1-4982-0102-5}} p. 177&lt;/ref&gt; Ma Wanfu iyo Ma Debao waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa salafida qarnigii 19aad sida Sailaifengye ee Shiinaha ka dib markii ay ka soo laabteen Makka laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa dhibay oo lagu qasbay inay dhuuntaan kooxaha Sufida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Barry M.|last=Rubin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&amp;pg=PA79|page=79|title=Guide to Islamist Movements|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=0-7656-1747-1|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxaha kale waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Sufinimada halkii ay ka diadi lahaayeen, iyagoo Senusiyya iyo Muhammad Ahmad ay labadooduba dagaallameen oo ay dhiseen dawlado ku kala yaalla Liibiya iyo Sudaan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=147}} Hindiya, Shah Waliullah Dehlawi wuxuu isku deyey qaab dib u heshiisiin ah oo ka dhan ah Sufinimada wuxuuna saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=149}} Jawaab ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi, dhaqdhaqaaqa Barelwi waxaa loo aasaasay sida dhaqdhaqaaq dadweyne, iyadoo la difaacaayay Sufinimada caanka ah oo la dib u habaynayay dhaqankeeda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Canfield |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3JhKNSk8tQC&amp;pg=PAPA131 |title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52291-5 |pages=131– |access-date=1 December 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sanyal |first=Usha |date=23 July 1998 |title=Generational Changes in the Leadership of the Ahl-e Sunnat Movement in North India during the twentieth Century |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/generational-changes-in-the-leadership-of-the-ahle-sunnat-movement-in-north-india-during-the-twentieth-century/8AAAC4CFEFC4F4084731C3964A5CAE84 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=635–656 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X98003059 |via=Cambridge Core |access-date=23 February 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Interior of Al Aqsa Mosque Jerusalem. 1900-1910 (id.22715311).jpg|thumb|Sannadkii 1969 Dabka Masjidka Al-Aqsa, oo sidoo cuali burburiyay Minbarkii Saladin, wuxuu keenay ver-xaasidnimo taabtay dunida Muslinka wuxuuna ahaa kicin muhiim ah oo loo aasaasay Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka.]]
Dunida Muslinka waxay guud ahaan ku jirtay hoos u dhac siyaasadeed markii ay bilaabatay 1800-yadii, gaar ahaan marka la barbardhigo awoodaha Yuuroop ee aan Muslinka ahayn. Horey, qarnigii 15aad, Reconquista waxay ku guuleysatay inay dhameeyo joogitaanka Muslinka ee Iberia. Marka la joogo qarnigii 19aad, British East India Company waxay si rasmi ah u qabsatay boqortooyada Mughal ee Hindiya.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=358, 378–380, 624}} Sida jawaab ka dhan ah Imperialisamka Reer Galbeedka, aqoonyahanno badan waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Buzpinar |first=Ş. Tufan |date=March 2007 |title=Celal Nuri's Concepts of Westernization and Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-eastern-studies_2007-03_43_2/page/247 |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.1080/00263200601114091 |jstor=4284539|s2cid=144461915 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Casriyeynta Islaamka, oo markii hore loo bixiyay aqoonyahannada Reer Galbeedka sida Salafiyya, waxay soo dhoweysay qiimayaasha casriga ah iyo machadyada sida demokaraasiyada iyadoo la raacaayo qoraallada diinta. Hogaamiyayaasha muhiimka ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa ka mid ah Muhammad 'Abduh iyo Jamal al-Din al-Afghani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|pages=231–232}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abul A'la Maududi wuxuu caawiyay saamaynta Islaamka siyaasadeed ee casriga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 January 2014 |title=Political Islam: A movement in motion |work=Economist Magazine |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2014/01/political-islam |access-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Wilfred Cantwell |title=Islam in Modern History |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1957 |isbn=0-691-03030-8 |page=233 |author-link=Wilfred Cantwell Smith}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku dhow qaanuunka casriga ah, shariicada markii ugu horreysay ayaa qayb ahaan loo qoray shaqo ahaan sannadkii 1869 ku dhex-jirtay koodka Mecelle ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta. Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta waxay dissilftay ka dib Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Dunida, Khilafadii Cusmaaniyiinta waa la joojiyay 1924&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 June – 5 July 2000 |title=New Turkey |work=Al-Ahram Weekly |issue=488 |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=16 May 2010 |archive-date=4 Bisha Tobnaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004145229/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Khilafadii Sharifian ee ka dib waxay u dhacday si doob ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=الوطن |first1=جريدة |last2=webmaster |date=2020-05-05 |title=&quot;مملكة الحجاز&quot;.. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح |url=https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=جريدة الوطن |language=ar |url-status=dead |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516230552/https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bani Issa |first=Mohammad Saleh |date=2023-11-01 |title=Factors of stability and sustainable development in Jordan in its first centenary 1921–2021 (an analytical descriptive study) |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=11 |article-number=e20993 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20993 |issn=2405-8440 |doi-access=free|pmid=37928029 |pmc=10623165 |bibcode=2023Heliy...920993B }}&lt;/ref&gt; sidaas darteed iyadoo ka tagaysa Islaamka oo aan lahayn Khaliif.&lt;ref name=&quot;والخلفاء-2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=والخلفاء |first=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r-5EAAAQBAJ |title=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية والخلفاء |date=2023-03-31 |publisher=Austin Macauley Publishers |isbn=978-1-3984-9251-6 |language=en |access-date=26 December 2023 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Taageerayaasha Mideynta Islaamka waxay isku deyeyeen inay mideeyaan Muslinka waxayna tartan la galeen awoodaha qarannimada ee korayay, sida Pan-Arabisamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Doran |first=Michael |title=Pan-Arabism before Nasser: Egyptian power politics and the Palestine question |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford university press |isbn=978-0-19-512361-6 |series=Studies in Middle Eastern history |location=New York Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Landau |first=Yaʿaqov M. |title=The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization |date=1994 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-827709-5 |edition=[Rev. and updated] paperback (with additions and corr.) |location=Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka (OIC), oo ka kooban waddamada Muslinka ah, waxaa la aasaasay 1969 ka dib gubiddii Masjidka Al-Aqsa ee Qudus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 December 2010 |title=Organization of the Islamic Conference |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1555062.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xiriirka la la leeyahay waddamada warshadaha leh wuxuu keenay dadka Muslinka ah dhulal cusub iyada oo loo marayo u-guuritaanka dhaqaalaha. Muslin badan ayaa u guuray sida shaqaale heshiis ku jooga (u badan oo ka yimid Hindiya iyo Indoneesiya) Karibiyaanka, iyagoo dhisay dadka ugu waaweyn ee Muslinka ah inta la joogo boqolkiiba ee Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{sfnp|Haddad|Smith|2002|p=271}}&lt;/ref&gt; U-guuritaanka ka yimid Siiriya iyo Lubnaan wuxuu ku soo kordhiyay dadka Muslinka ah ee Laatiin Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Zabel|first=Darcy|title=Arabs in the Americas: Interdisciplinary Essays on the Arab Diaspora|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2006|isbn=9780820481111|location=Austria|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Natiijadii magaalooyinka iyo kordhinta ganacsiga ee Afrika ka hooseysa Saxara waxay keentay Muslinka inay degaan dhulal cusub oo ay faafiyaan diintooda, iyadoo lagu qiyaasay inay laba-laabatay dadkeeda Muslinka ah u dhaxeysa 1869 iyo 1914.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=722}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Casrigii ee Horumarsanaa (Qarnigii 20aad–Ilaa Hada) ===
[[File:13. Session of the Islamic Summit Conference.jpg|thumb|Hoggaamiyeyaasha dalalka Islaamka intii uu socday kalfadhigii 2016 ee Shirka Iskaashiga Islaamka ee Istambul, Turkiga. Trikiiba saddex sano, OIC waxay isku brings dhammaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Muslinka.|upright=1.35]]
Aabbayaashii casriyeynta Islaamka waxay saameeyeen dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka sida Ikhwaanul Muslimeen iyo xisbiyada la xiriira ee dunida Carabta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 August 2011 |title=Are secular forces being squeezed out of Arab Spring? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14447820 |access-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=23 December 2008 |title=Jordanian students rebel, embracing conservative Islam |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/world/middleeast/24jordan.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuwaas oo si wanaagsan uga dhex muuqday doorashooyinkii ka dambeeyay Guudkii Carabta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kirkpatrick |first=David D. |date=3 December 2011 |title=Egypt's vote puts emphasis on split over religious rule |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/world/middleeast/egypts-vote-propels-islamic-law-into-spotlight.html |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jamaat-e-Islami ee Koonfurta Aasiya iyo Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarinta (AK Party), oo si kemokaraasi ah xukuma Turkiga tobanaan sano. Iiraan, Kacdoonkii Iiraan wuxuu beddelay boqortooyadii laimaaniyadda ee Reer Galbeedku taageerayay iyadoo la dhisay Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah. Kuwa kale sida Sayyid Rashid Rida waxay ka go'een casriyeeyayaasha Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|page=237|quote=&quot;Prior to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, leading reformers who happened to be Salafi in creed were surprisingly open-minded: although they adhered to neo-Hanbali theology. However, the aftermath of the First World War and the expansion of European colonialism paved the way for a series of shifts in thought and attitude. The experiences of Rida offer many examples... he turned against the Shi'is who dared, with reason, to express doubts about the Saudi-Wahhabi project... . Shi'is were not the only victims: Rida and his associates showed their readiness to turn against fellow Salafis who questioned some of the Wahhabis' religious interpretations.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ka hortageen soo dhowaynta waxa uu u arkayay saamaynta Reer Galbeedka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=G. Rabil|first=Robert|title=Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-62616-116-0|location=Washington DC, US|pages=32–33|quote=&quot;Western colonialists established in these countries political orders... that, even though not professing enmity to Islam and its institutions, left no role for Islam in society. This caused a crisis among Muslim reformists, who felt betrayed not only by the West but also by those nationalists, many of whom were brought to power by the West...  Nothing reflects this crisis more than the ideological transformation of Rashid Rida (1865–1935)... He also revived the works of Ibn Taymiyah by publishing his writings and promoting his ideas. Subsequently, taking note of the cataclysmic events brought about by Western policies in the Muslim world and shocked by the abolition of the caliphate, he transformed into a Muslim intellectual mostly concerned about protecting Muslim culture, identity, and politics from Western influence. He supported a theory that essentially emphasized the necessity of an Islamic state in which the scholars of Islam would have a leading role... Rida was a forerunner of Islamist thought. He apparently intended to provide a theoretical platform for a modern Islamic state. His ideas were later incorporated into the works of Islamic scholars. Significantly, his ideas influenced none other than Hassan al-Bannah, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt... The Muslim Brethren have taken up Rida's Islamic fundamentalism, a right-wing radical movement founded in 1928,..&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxda ISIS waxay xitaa isku deyday inay dib u samayso diinaarkii dahabka ahaa ee casriga ahaa si uu u noqdo pambakooda lacagta. Halka kuwii ka go'ay ay qaarkood ahaayeen kuwa ka gaabsada siyaasadda, kuwo kale waxay rumechsanaayeen dhibaataynta kuwa ka soo horjeeda, xitaa Muslinka kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins |title=Isis to mint own Islamic dinar coins in gold, silver and copper |work=The Guardian |date=21 November 2014 |access-date=31 July 2022 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka hortagga dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka, qarnigii 20aad ee Turkiga, ciidanku waxay sameeyeen afgembiyo si ay xukuumadaha Islaamiga ah uga tuuraan xukanka, sidoo kale xijabka ayaa si sharci ah loo xaddiday, sida ay sidoo kale ka dhacday Tuniisiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 April 2011 |title=Huge rally for Turkish secularism |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6604643.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Saleh |first=Heba |date=15 October 2011 |title=Tunisia moves against headscarves |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6053380.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhulalka kale, awoodda diinta ayaa la maamulay iyada oo hadda loo arko puppeto oo ay dawladdu maamusho. Tusaale ahaan, Sacuudi Carabiya, dawladdu waxay keligeed maamushay aqoonta diinta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 June 2007 |title=Laying down the law: Islam's authority deficit |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2007/06/28/islams-authority-deficit |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Masar, dawladdu waxay qarameysay Jaamacadda Al-Azhar, oo hore u ahayd igo madax-bannaan oo xaddida awoodda dawladda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| title = The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought| last1 = Bowering | first1 = Gerhard | last2=Mirza |first2=Mahan |last3=Crone |first3=Patricia| year = 2013 | publisher = Princeton University Press | page=59| isbn = 9780691134840
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salafiyada waxaa dhaqaale lagu siiyay Bariga Dhexe sababtoo ah ka gaabsashadeeda siyaasadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=18 October 2008 |title=Ultraconservative Islam on rise in Mideast |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna27256187 |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=MSNBC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sacuudi Carabiya waxay ololayso ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiga ah ee kacdoonka ah ee Bariga Dhexe, iyadoo ka soo horjeedda Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Almukhtar |first1=Sarah |last2=Peçanha |first2=Sergio |last3=Wallace |first3=Tim |date=5 January 2016 |title=Behind Stark Political Divisions, a More Complex Map of Sunnis and Shiites |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/sunni-shiite-map-middle-east-iran-saudi-arabia.html |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiro yar oo Muslin ah oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha kala duwan ayaa loo dhibay sida koox diimeed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Thames |first1=Knox |title=Why the Persecution of Muslims Should Be on Biden's Agenda |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/muslims-islam-china-india-myanmar-persecution-repression-biden-human-rights/ |work=Foreign Policy Magazine |date=6 January 2021 |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tan waxaa sameeyay xoogagga shuuciga ah sida Khmer Rouge, kuwaas oo u arkayay inay yihiin armigooda koowaad ee la cirbootinayo maaddaama dhaqankooda diimeed uu ka dhigay kuwa ka dhex muuqda dadka kale,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Perrin |first=Andrew |date=10 October 2003 |title=Weakness in numbers |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/archive/6894001/weakness-in-numbers/ |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xisbiga Shuuciga Shiinaha ee Xinjiang&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Beydoun |first1=Khaled A. |title=For China, Islam is a 'mental illness' that needs to be 'cured' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/china-islam-mental-illness-cured-181127135358356.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xoogagga qarannimada sida intii uu socday xasuuqii Bosniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Mojzes |first=Paul |title=Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4422-0663-2|page=178}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ciidanka Miyanmaar ee Tatmadaw oo bartilmaameedsanayay Muslinka Rohingya waxaa loogu yeeray dambi ka dhan ah aadamnimada ay sameeyeen Qaraamada Midoobay iyo Amnesty International,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Oliver Holmes |date=19 December 2016 |title=Myanmar's Rohingya campaign 'may be crime against humanity' |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/19/myanmars-rohingya-campaign-may-be-against-humanity |url-status=live |access-date=5 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2016|title=Rohingya abuse may be crimes against humanity: Amnesty|website=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/19/rohingya-abuse-may-be-crimes-against-humanity-amnesty/|access-date=2023-02-21|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Xafiiska Qaraamada Midoobay ee Wakiilka Sare ee Xaqiiqo-raadinta uu ka helay xasuuq, sifeyn qowmiyadeed, iyo dambiyo kale oo ka dhan ah aadamnimada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/MyanmarFFM/Pages/ReportoftheMyanmarFFM.aspx|title=Report of Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar |date=27 August 2018|website=ohchr.org|access-date=14 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Horumarka isgaarsiinta dunida wuxuu teshay faafinta ballaaran ee aqoonta diinta. Qaadashada xijabka waxay noqotay mid ka sii badan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=28 January 2007 |title=In Egypt, a new battle begins over the veil |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28slackman.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo aqoonyahanno badan oo Muslin ah waxay si kordhayay isku deyayaan inay ka soocaan caqiidooyinka diinta Islaamka iyo dhaqammada caadiga ah.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=41}} Kooxaha kale dhexdiisa, helitaanka macluumaadka wuxuu keenay kordhinta wacdiyayaasha &quot;televangelist&quot; ee caanka ah, sida Amr Khaled, kuwaas oo kula tartama culumada caadiga ah gaaritaankooda oo ay ka dhigeen awoodda diinta mid aan hal xarun ku dhuftayn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=263}} Sharraxaadaha &quot;gaarka ah&quot; ee Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;V. Šisler: ''The Internet and the Construction of Islamic Knowledge in Europe'' p. 212&lt;/ref&gt; waxay si muuqata u dhex-galaan Muslinka Liberaalka ah oo isku deyaya inay waafajiyaan dhaqammada diinta iyo xukunkii laimaaniyadda ee casriga ah,{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=118–119, 179}}{{sfnp|Rippin|2001|p=288}} hab ka mid ah kuwa ay dhaleeceeyeen qaarkood oo ku saabsan waafaqsanaantiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Adams, Charles J.|editor1-last=Esposito|editor1-first=John L.|title=Voices of Resurgent Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen|url-access=registration|date=1983|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen/page/113 113–4] |chapter=Maududi and the Islamic State|quote=[Maududi believed that] when religion is relegated to the personal realm, men inevitably give way to their bestial impulses and perpetrate evil upon one another. In fact it is precisely because they wish to escape the restraints of morality and the divine guidance that men espouse secularism.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Meisami|first=Sayeh|date=2013|title='Abdolkarim Soroush |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0034.xml|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-12 |website=Oxford Bibliographies|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale, laimaaniyaddu waxaa loo arkaa fikrad shisheeye oo ay ku soo impose gareeyeen qabsadayaashii oo ay adkeeyeen maamulayaasha ka dambeeyay gumeysiga,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Secularism, State Neutrality, and Islam|author=Abdullah Saeed|encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Secularism|editor1=Phil Zuckerman|editor2=John R. Shook |url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/abstract/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199988457-e-12|year=2017|page=188 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.12|isbn=978-0-19-998845-7|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo inta badan loo fahmo inay u dhiganto ka-horjeedda diinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|author=Nader Hashemi|title=Secularism|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0714|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tirada Dadka ==
{{Main|Dunida Muslinka|Ummah}}

{{See also|Islaamka waddan ahaan|Koraanka dadka Muslinka ah}}
[[File:2020+ Proportion of people in world religions.svg |thumb|Boqolkiiba inta qof ee diimaha dunida. Muslinku waxay ka yihiin dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, taas oo ah tiro yar oo ka hooseysa Masiixiyiinta.&lt;ref name=Pew_20250609&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hackett |first1=Conrad |last2=Stonawski |first2=Marcin |last3=Tong |first3=Yunping |last4=Kramer |first4=Stephanie |last5=Shi |first5=Anne |last6=Fahmy |first6=Dalia |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |publisher=Pew Research Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222070137/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |archive-date=22 February 2026 |date=9 June 2025 |url-status=live |quote=Source: Pew Research Center estimates based on more than 2,700 censuses and surveys. &quot;How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Marka la joogo 2020, dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, ama dhawaan 2&amp;nbsp;bilyan oo qof, waa Muslin.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewresearch.orgReligion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project |date=21 December 2022 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128120036/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.pewresearch.org-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 December 2022 |title=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205195540/https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|date=27 January 2011|access-date=26 October 2022|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930233955/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | title=Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world | date=9 August 2017 | access-date=19 December 2022 | archive-date=8 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108121140/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Growth-2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |author-link2=Conrad Hackett |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-date=2019-05-14 |website=Fact Tank |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=2017-04-06 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1900, qiyaastani waxay ahayd 12.3%,&lt;ref name=&quot;Barrett-2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Barrett |first1=David B. |last2=Kurian |first2=George T. |last3=Johnson |first3=Todd M. |title=World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World |volume=1: The World by Countries: Religionists, Churches, Ministries |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |page=4 |isbn=978-0195079630 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannadkii 1990 waxay ahayd 19.9%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Research Center-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite report |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyada oo saadaalintu ay muujinayso in heerku noqon doono 29.7% marka la joogo 2050.{{rp|8}} Ugu kooban uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020 waxay heshay in dadka Muslinka ah ee dunidu ay ahaayeen kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badnayd tobankii sano, inta badan sababtoo ah Muslinku waxay u janjeeraan inay ku yar yihiin da'da oo ay leeyihiin heer dhalmo oo sarreeya—laba walxood oo muhiim ah oo kexeeya koraanka caadiga ah ee dadka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |page=9|quote=Increases in the global Muslim population are largely due to Muslims having a relatively young age structure and high fertility rate, two characteristics that result in natural population growth.}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|9}} Sida ku xuso qiyaasta dadka ee 2020, 65% dadka Muslinka ah waxay ku dhex jiraan toban waddan, iyada oo dadka ugu waaweyni ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, Bangaladeesh, Nayjeeriya, Masar, Iiraan, Turkiga, Sudaan, iyo Aljeeriya, marka loo eego sida ay u kala hooseeyaan. Indoneesiya waxay xarun u tahay ka badan 230,000,000 oo Muslin ah, Bakistaan ka badan 220,000,000, Hindiya ka badan 210,000,000, Bangaladeesh ka badan 150,000,000, Nayjeeriya ka badan 110,000,000, Masar ka badan 100,000,000, Iiraan iyo Turkiga midkiiba ka badan 80,000,000, iyo Sudaan iyo Aljeeriya midkiiba ka badan 40,000,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/muslim-population-change/|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020: 3. Muslim population change|date=9 June 2025|access-date=12 February 2026|website=Pew Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Boqolkiiba Muslinka ee dunida waddan ahaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2015&quot; /&gt;]]Sida ku xuso warbixin ay soo saartay CNN, &quot;Islaamku wuxuu soo jiitay dad soo Islaamay oo ka soo jeeda dhammaan heerarka nolosha, gaar ahaan Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fast-growing Islam winning converts in Western world |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |access-date=6 May 2016 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015114027/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingiriiska, dhawaan 6,000 oo qof ayaa soo Islaama sannad walba, iyada oo sida ku xuso maqaal ku jira British Muslims Monthly Survey, badanka dadka cusub ee soo Islaama ee Ingiriiska ay ahaayeen dumarka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |title=British Muslims Monthly Survey for June 2000, Vol. VIII, No. 6 |at=Women convert |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2008-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214160750/http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku xuso The Huffington Post, &quot;ilaaliyayaashu waxay qiyaasayaan in illaa 20,000 oo Ameerikan ah ay soo Islaamaan sannad walba&quot;, badankoodu ay yihiin dumarka iyo Muslinka Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-08-24 |title=Conversion To Islam One Result Of Post-9/11 Curiosity |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=HuffPost |language=en |archive-date=2021-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111201117/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Julie |author-last=Bindel |author-link=Julie Bindel |title=Why do Western Women Convert? |url=http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |access-date=8 May 2016 |work=Standpoint |date=26 April 2010 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102003/http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale boqolkiiba iyo tirada guud ahaan, Islaamku waa kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badan dunida, iyadoo la saadaalinayo inay noqoto ta ugu weyn dunida dhamaadka qarniga 21aad, iyadoo ka badanaysa Masiixiyada. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in marka la joogo 2050, tirada Muslinka ay u dhowaan doonto tirada Masiixiyiinta ee dunida, &quot;sababtoo ah da'da yar iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka marka loo barbardhigo kooxaha kale ee diimaha.&quot;{{rp|70}}
=== Xituunta Pew Research ===
Dhawaan 49 waddan ayaa ah kuwo dadka ugu badan ee ku nooli ay Muslin yihiin,{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=11}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ba-Yunus |first1=Ilyas |title=Muslims in the United States |last2=Kone, Kassim |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu/page/n186 172] |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-313-32825-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Landscape-2012&quot;&gt;{{cite report |author=The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life |title=The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323215026/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-23 |date=December 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Islam in Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia/ |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=Anadolu News Agency |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024349/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Book review: Russia's Muslim Heartlands reveals diverse population |date=21 April 2018 |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |work=The National |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210257/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyada oo 62% Muslinka dunidu ay ku nool yihiin Aasiya, halka 683 milyan oo taabacsan ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, iyo Bangaladeesh keligood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Projections-2050&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207115222/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-date=2017-02-07 |website=Pew Research Center |publisher=Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life |date=2015-04-02 |type=Projections table |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Secrets of Islam |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |website=U.S. News &amp; World Report |archive-date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122200555/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |url-status=live }} Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005).&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|pp=15, 17}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Pechilis |first1=Karen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |title=South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today |last2=Raj |first2=Selva J. |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-44851-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&amp;pg=PA193 193] |access-date=3 May 2019 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024331/https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Carabta ah waxay samayeeyaan kooxda qowmiyadeed ee ugu weyn Muslinka dhexdeeda ee dunida,&lt;ref name=&quot;Nydell-2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Nydell |first=Margaret Kleffner |title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times |edition=4th |location=Yarmouth, Maine |publisher=Intercultural Press |year=2005 |pages=xxiii, 14 |isbn=978-1931930253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024737/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaa ku xiga Bangaaliyiinta&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Richard Eaton|editor=Barbara D. Metcalf|title=Islam in South Asia in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C|date=8 September 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-3138-8|page=275|chapter=Forest Clearing and the Growth of Islam in Bengal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&amp;pg=PA50 |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |author1=Meghna Guhathakurta |author2=Willem van Schendel |page=50 |date=30 April 2013 |publisher=Duke University Press |access-date=7 November 2016 |isbn=978-0822353188 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707092408/https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&amp;pg=PA50 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Bunjaabiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|page=1|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaasaha badankood waxay muujinayaan in Shiinaha ay ku nool yihiin dhawaan 20 illaa 30 milyan oo Muslin ah (1.5% illaa 2% dadka waddanka).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |work=The World Factbook |title=Explore All Countries – China |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |access-date=15 September 2009 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=13 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213122152/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=China (includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet) |website=Archived Content |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710075050/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka ka jira Yurub waa diinta labaad ee ugu weyn Masiixiyadda ka dib waddamo badan dhexdeeda, iyada oo heerarka koraanka ay inta badan ku yimaadaan soogalootiga iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka ee 2005,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 December 2005 |title=Muslims in Europe: Country guide |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=29 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929213440/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo samaynaysay 4.9% dhammaan dadka Yurub ee 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe|date=November 29, 2017|work=Pew Research Center|first=Conrad|last=Hackett|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105202657/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sida ku xuso Xituunta Pew Research, soo Islaamidda ma laha saameyn weyn oo saafi ah oo ku saabsan koraanka dadka Muslinka ah maadaama &quot;tirada dadka ku soo Islaama diinta ay u dhowdahay inay la mid tahay tirada Muslinka ah ee ka baxda diinta.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |section=Conversion |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |section-url=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors/#conversion |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |quote=there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the faith |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211126/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bagse, Islaamku wuxuu ka helayaa faa'iido yar oo ah 3 milyan oo qof marka loo eego isbeddelka diimaha u dhexeya 2010 iyo 2050, inta badan ka timaada Afrika Sub-Sahara (2.9 milyan).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|title=Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.43|access-date=4 May 2016|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150429153811/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|title=The Changing Global Religious Landscape|work=Pew Research Center|date=5 April 2017|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218030628/https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku xuso uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020, dhawaan 1% dadka waaweyn ee ku soo koray Muslimnimada ayaa ka baxa diinta, halka boqolkiiba la mid ah —dhawaan 1%— ay ka soo Islaamaan diimaha kale, taas oo keenta heer hoose oo isbeddel diimeed ah oo soo gala ama ka baxa Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2029&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US|page=39|quote=Muslims and Hindus have been the least likely to gain or lose adherents from religious switching. About one in every 100 adults raised Muslim (or Hindu) has left their childhood religion, and a similar number from a different religious category have switched into Islam (or Hinduism).}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutaaniqada Islaamka ka baxday waxay u janjeeraan inay u wareegaan diin kale halkii ay ka noqon lahaayeen kuwo aan diin lahayn.

== Qaybaha Waaweyn ==
{{Main|Xiriirka Shiicada iyo Sunnada|Qadiir Khum|Saqiifa|Ciidul Qadiir}}

=== Matalaadda Qadiir Khum iyo Saqiifa ===
[[File:Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.162r miniature.jpg|thumb|Magacaabiddii Cali uu Muxammad ku magacaabay Qadiir Khum, 1307 AD fardawsa Ilkhanid.]]
Tukhtaan muhiim ah ayaa ka dhacay 632 ee Qadiir Khum, halkaas oo Muxammad, obo yar ka hor dhimashadiisa, uu gacanta ku qabtay Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, uu ka jeediyay khudbad uu ku yiri &quot;Kii aan ahay ''mowlahiisa'', Cali waa ''mowlahiisa''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam |author-first=Maria Massi |author-last=Dakake |year=2007 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791470336 |author-link=Maria Massi Dakake}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Veccia Vaglieri|first=L.|date=2012|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|section=G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm|publisher=Brill|access-date=July 14, 2023|isbn=9789004161214|archive-date=14 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714174420/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Campo|2009|pp=257–258}} Ereyga mowla wuxuu leeyahay macnayaal kala duwan oo ku xiran xaaladda, oo ay ku jiraan sayid, ilaaliye, xulafo, taageere, iyo mid awood leh. Shiicada dhexdeeda, waxaa loo fahmaa magacaabidda rasmiga ah ee Muxammad uu Cali uga dhigay beddelkiisa. Sunnadu sidoo kale waxay aqbashaa in tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum uu dhacay iyadoo Muxammad uu yiri hadalkaas ku saabsan Cali. Bagse, uma tarjumaan hadalka inuu yahay magacaabidda Cali ee beddelka Muxammad. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay u tarjumaan ereyga mowla xaaladdan inuu u muuqdo saaxiib dhow, taageere, ama mid mudan daacadnimo iyo kalsooni. Sidaas darteed, waxay u arkaan bayaanka inuu yahay caddayn ah xushmadda Muxammad uu u hayay Cali, iyagoo hoos u dhigaya muhiimadda tukhtaanka.

Kalfadhigii Saqiifa wuxuu dhacay obo yar ka dib dhimashadii Muxammad ee 632, halkaas oo Abu Bakar looga doortay beddelkiisa oo uu ku noqday Khaliifkii koowaad. Saqiifa waxay ka mid tahay tukhtaannada ugu muranka badan Islaamka, sababtoo ah ka saarida tiro badan oo ka mid ah Saxaabada Muxammad, oo ay ku jiraan Ahlul Bayt iyo gaar ahaan Cali. Cali iyo tiro badan oo ka mid ah qoyska Muxammad waxay weli ku jireen aasitaanka nabiga markii uu tukhtaanku dhacayay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |doi-access=free |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |eissn=1477-4585 |issn=0002-7189 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the &quot;lord&quot; or &quot;master&quot; of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |issn=0002-7189 |eissn=1477-4585 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the &quot;lord&quot; or &quot;master&quot; of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century. |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Amir-Moezzi |author-first=Mohammad Ali |title=Ghadīr Khumm |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=Third |editor1-first=Kate |editor1-last=Fleet |editor2-first=Gudrun |editor2-last=Krämer |editor3-first=Denis |editor3-last=Matringe |editor4-first=John |editor4-last=Nawas |editor5-first=Devin J. |editor5-last=Stewart |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |year=2014 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |isbn=9789004269613 |author-link=Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay qabaan in Muxammad uu u daayay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee saxaabada inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Cali hore loogu magacaabay beddelka Muxammad ee tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan tukhtaannadii Saqiifa inay ahaayeen kuwo dhaafay xaqiisii beddelka. Dhibaatada beddelka waxay noqotay sababtii ugu horreysay ee qeybsanaanta Muslinka oo keentay soo bixitaanka labada qaybood ee waaweyn ee Islaamka, Sunna iyo Shiica.
=== Islaamka Sunnada ah ===
{{Main|Islaamka Sunnada ah}}
[[File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art mss 0311 fol 190b-191a.jpg|thumb|Faraq-qoraal ah oo [[Saxiix al-Bukhari]] ah oo ka soo jeeda qarnigii 14aad, ururintii ugu horreysay ee [[xadiis]] ee [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Buug]] ee [[Islaamka Sunnada ah]].]]
Islaamka Sunnada ah waa qaybta ugu weyn ee Islaamka iyada oo ah mhabka diimeed ee ugu weyn dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of religious populations {{!}} Largest Religions, Smallest Religions, Lists, Data, &amp; Overview {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-religious-populations|access-date=2025-07-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunni |title=Sunni |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430101807/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Sunni Islam |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2014 |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |access-date=10 January 2010 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005013247/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |date=20101028144120 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Denny-2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Denny |first=Frederick |author-link=Frederick M. Denny |title=Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |page=3 |isbn=978-0199804153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&amp;pg=PA3 |quote=Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90%) of that community. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Lawson |first1=Russell M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_krEEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=islam+based+on+the+teachings+of+muhammad&amp;pg=PA419 |title=Science in the Ancient World: From Antiquity through the Middle Ages |date=23 September 2021 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-7353-9 |page=419 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha &quot;''Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah''&quot;, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;dadka [[Sunnah|sunnada]] (dhaqankii Muxammad) iyo jamacaadka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ahl as-Sunnah |encyclopedia=Islam Ansiklopedisi |publisher=Turkish Diyanet Foundation |location=Istanbul |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |last=Yavuz |first=Yusuf Şevki |date=1994 |volume=10 |pages=525–530 |lang=tr |access-date=28 December 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228114411/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka Sunnada ah mararka qaarkood waxaa loo yaqaanaa &quot;Islaamka Ortodokska ah&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=John Richard Thackrah |title=Dictionary of Terrorism |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135165956 |edition=2, revised |page=252}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation |date=2009 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004172739 |editor1-last=Nasir |editor1-first=Jamal J. |edition=revised |page=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=George W. Braswell |title=What You Need to Know about Islam &amp; Muslims |date=2000 |publisher=B&amp;H Publishing Group |isbn=978-0805418293 |edition=illustrated |page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt; ingawa aqoonyahanada qaar ay u arkaan inaysan habboonayn, iyada oo Sunni-nimada ka baxsan ay dad badan u arki karaan fahan xumaan.&lt;ref&gt;An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: &quot;Sunni: Of or pertaining ''sunna'', especially the ''Sunna'' of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, ''mubtadi'', from ''bid'a'', the contrary of ''sunna'' and so 'innovation'.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Sunnadu waxay adkaynaysaa in Muxammad uusan magacaabin beddel, wuxuuna u dhaafay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee Saqiifa inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay inta badan u noqdaan lixda buug ee xadiiska ee waaweyn arrimaha sharciga, iyagoo u raaca mid ka mid ah afar madhabood ee fiqhiga: [[Hanafi school|Xanafi]], [[Hanbali school|Xanbali]], [[Maliki school|Maaliki]], [[Shafi'i school|Shaafi'i]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|pp=275, 306}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cilmiga tawxiidka ee athariga ah waa madhab Sunni ah oo feker ah, oo uu si weyn ugu doodi jiray Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855 CE), oo lagu garto u noqoshada fahanka qoraalka ah ee Qur'aanka iyo sunnada, aמונה ah in Qur'aanku yahay mid aan la abuurin oo weligeed ah, iyo ka soo horjeeda cilmiga caqliga, ee loo yaqano kalam, marka loo eego arrimaha diinta iyo anshaxa.&lt;ref&gt;Hadi Enayat ''Islam and Secularism in Post-Colonial Thought: A Cartography of Asadian Genealogies'' Springer Publishing, 30 June 2017 {{ISBN|978-3-319-52611-9}} p.48&lt;/ref&gt; Maaturidiyada, oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944 CE), waxay leedahay qoraalka la soo dejiyay looma baahna anshaxa asaasiga ah iyada oo wanaagga iyo xawliga lagu fahmi karo caqliga keligiis,&lt;ref&gt;Rico Isaacs, Alessandro Frigerio ''Theorizing Central Asian Politics: The State, Ideology and Power'' Springer Publishing 2018 {{ISBN|978-3-319-97355-5}} p. 108&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin dadku waxay u noqdaan waxyiga arrimaha ka baxsan fahanka bahaamka. Ash'ariyada, oo uu aasaasay Al-Ashʿarī (c. 874–936), waxay leedahay anshaxu wuxuu ka imaan karaa oo keliya waxyiga rabbaaniga ah laakiin waxay aqbashaa caqliga arrimaha fasiraadda waxayna isku dartaa hababka Mu'tazilada iyo fikradaha athariga.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|1999|p=280}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salafiyadu waa doonis dib u cusboonaysiin ah oo u dooda u noqoshada dhaqankii qgeneration-kii ugu horreeyay ee Muslinka. Qarnigii 18aad, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab wuxuu kexeeyay dhaqdhaqaaq Salafi ah, oo dadka ka baxsan ay u yaqaanaan Wahaabiya, waddanka maanta loo yaqano Sacuudi Carabiya.&lt;ref&gt;Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} page 8&lt;/ref&gt; Dhaqdhaqaaq la mid ah oo loo yaqano Ahl al-Hadith ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigay dhaqanka sharciga Sunniga ah ee qarniyada jiray, iyagoo door biday inay si toos ah u raacaan Qur'aanka iyo Xadiiska. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunniga ah ee Nurcu waxaa aasaasay Said Nursi (1877–1960); wuxuu isku darayaa qaybo ka mid ah Tasawufka iyo sayniska.&lt;ref name=&quot;Svante E. Cornell p. 283&quot;&gt;Svante E. Cornell ''Azerbaijan Since Independence'' M.E. Sharpe {{ISBN| 9780765630049}} p. 283&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Robert W. Hefner ''Shariʻa Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World'' Indiana University Press 2011 {{ISBN|978-0-253-22310-4}} p. 170&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Islaamka Shiicada ah ===
{{Main|Islaamka Shiicada ah}}
[[File:Folio from a Nahj al-Balagha.gif|thumb|Warqad gacan-qoraal ah oo ka timaada Nahj al-Balagha, ee taariikhdeedu tahay 1149 AD. Nahj al-Balagha waa ururin khudbado, waraaqo, iyo hadallo ah oo uu leeyahay Cali. Waxaa loo arkaa inay ka mid tahay kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee suugaanta Carabiga iyada oo ka joogta meel sare Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.]]
Islaamka Shiicada ah waa qaybta labaad ee ugu weyn Islaamka iyo mid ka mid oo ka mid ah mhabada diimeed ee ugu waaweyn dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Field Listing :: Religions |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231326/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=6 July 2010 |access-date=25 October 2010 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population.&quot; ... &quot;Shia Islam represents 10–15% of Muslims worldwide.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sunni |url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614103622/https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs |quote=Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. &quot;Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.&quot;}} Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha &quot;''Shīʿat ʿAlī''&quot;, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;xisbigii Cali&quot;. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Muxammad uu magacaabay ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, Cali, inuu noqdo beddelkiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|title=Shiʿi|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=28 December 2021|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720054917/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Sunni Islam |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa |publisher=MacMillan Reference |editor-last=Philip Mattar |edition=2nd |author1=Tayeb El-Hibri|author2=Maysam J. al Faruqi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cali waxaa ku xigay silsilad Imaamyo ah oo Ilaah magacaabay oo ka soo jeeda qoyska Muxammad ([[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahlul Bayt]]). Mhabka ugu weyn ee Islaamka Shiicada ah, Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, waxay aqoonsan yihiin Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam inay yihiin hoggaamiyeyaasha Ilaah magacaabay, iyadoo ka bilaabanaysa Cali keligiis oo ku dheehanaysa Mahdiga, oo la rumeysan yahay inuu ku jiro qoyanaanta loona fadhiyo inuu dib u soo laabto Dhamaadka Sannadaha si uu u aasaaso caddaalad oo uu caawin doono Ciise. Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu muhiimad gaar ah siiyaa Ahlul Bayt (qoyska Muxammad), kuwaas oo Muslinka Shiicada ah ay u arkaan inay leeyihiin awood diimeed iyo ruhani ah oo Ilaah siiyay. Qur'aanka, teachings-ka Muxammad (Sunnah), iyo Imaamyada waxay samayeeyaan asaaska ugu muhiimsan ee fekerka diimeed iyo fiqhiga Shiicada. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxaa kexeeya madhabka Jacfariyada ee fiqhiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author1=John Corrigan|author2=Frederick Denny|author3=Martin S Jaffee|author4=Carlos Eire |year=2011 |title=Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions |publisher= Cambridge University Press |id=978-0205026340 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururinta ugu muhiimsan ee xadiiska ee Islaamka Shiicada ah waa Afarta Buug ee Sharciga ah, oo loo yaqano Kitab al-Kafi, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, iyo Al-Istibsar.

Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr qaybood, ta ugu weyn oo ugu muhiimsan waxay tahay Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, oo ay ku xigaan qaybaha yar ee Ismaaciiliyad iyo Saydiyad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social and Military History |editor-first1=Spencer C. |editor-last1=Tucker |editor2=Priscilla Mary Roberts |year=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-842-2 |page=917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&amp;pg=PA917 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&amp;pg=PA917 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Iraq Effect: The Middle East After the Iraq War |first=Frederic M. |last=Wehrey |year=2010 |publisher=Rand Corporation |isbn=978-0-8330-4788-5 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&amp;pg=PA91 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024742/https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&amp;pg=PA91#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|author-link=Andrew J. Newman|title=Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-7833-4|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP18|page=2|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501201413/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|archive-date=1 May 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalkii Karbala, oo uu awoowe u ahaa Nabiga oo ahaa Imaamka saddexaad ee Shiicada, Xuseen ibn Cali, si xun loogu dilay oo madaxa looga jaray iyada oo la dilay badanka xubnaha qoyskiisa, wuxuu siiyay Caliyinta aqoonsi diimeed oo u gaar ah wuxuuna ka qaatay door muhiim ah zhuraalka iyo adkaynta ta noqotay Islaamka Shiicada ah. Wuxuu ka joogaa meel dhexe taariikhda Shiicada, dhaqanka, iyo cilmiga tawxiidka, iyadoo inta badan lagu xuso suugaanta Islaamka. Waa mid ka mid ah waqtiyada ugu murugada badan, muhiimka ah, ee lagu garto taariikhda Islaamka. Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, iyo Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad waa saddexda meelood ee ugu xurmada badan ka dib Masjid al-Xaraam ee Makka, Masjid al-Nabawi ee Madiina, iyo Masjid al-Aqsa ee Qudus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sardeg2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Escobar |first=Pepe |date=May 24, 2002 |title=Knocking on heaven's door |url=http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020603155002/http://atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |archive-date=June 3, 2002 |access-date=2006-11-12 |work=Asia Times Online |quote=our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places... first is Mecca... second is Medina... third belongs to our first imam of Shia, Ali, which is in Najaf. The fourth belongs to our third imam, Hussein, in Kerbala. The last one belongs to the daughter of our seventh imam and sister of our eighth imam, who is called Fatemah, and will be buried in Qom. |department=Central Asia/Russia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam sidoo xushmad lagu hayaa Islaamka Sunnada ah dhexdeeda iyagoo ah xubno ka mid ah qoyska Nabiga Muxammad iyo shakhsiyaad muhiim ah oo ku jira taariikhda Islaamka, iyadoo Sunnadu ay booqdaan dhismooyinkooda xushmad darteed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An Iraqi delegation from the Sunni Endowment visited the Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (PBUH).|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/an-iraqi-delegation-from-the-sunni-endowment-visited-the-holy-shrine-of-imam-ali-pbuh|access-date=2026-02-16|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Waziri|first=Adam Isa|date=2022-11-21|title=Sunni Professors, Scholars From Pakistan Visit Imam Husain's Holy Shrine in Karbala » Education Monitor News|url=https://educationmonitornews.com/sunni-professors-scholars-from-pakistan-visit-imam-husains-holy-shrine-in-karbala/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Education Monitor News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arooj|date=2024-02-01|title=Sunni scholars from Turkey express happiness upon visiting holy shrine of Imam Hussein|url=https://shiawaves.com/english/uncategorized/100914-sunni-scholars-from-turkey-express-happiness-upon-visiting-holy-shrine-of-imam-hussein/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Shia Waves|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16|title=Iraqi Sunni Friday prayer leaders visit Imam Reza (AS) holy shrine|url=https://en.hawzahnews.com/news/358808/Iraqi-Sunni-Friday-prayer-leaders-visit-Imam-Reza-AS-holy-shrine|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Hawzah News Agency|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=English Pakistani Sunnis Visit Imam Reza Shrine|url=https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617090149/https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-date=2025-06-17|access-date=2026-02-16|website=ShiaChat.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14|title=Sunni Cleric: Imam Reza Shrine a Center for Unifying Muslims|url=https://en.abna24.com/news/664698/Sunni-Cleric-Imam-Reza-Shrine-a-Center-for-Unifying-Muslims|access-date=2026-02-17|website=ABNA English|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Imam Reza (A.S.) Is the Symbol of Unity among Islamic Sects.|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/imam-reza-as-is-the-symbol-of-unity-among-islamic-sects|access-date=2026-02-17|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{multiple image
| align             = center
| image1            = ImamAliShrine2026.jpg
| width1            = 217
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Ciraaq, waxaa loo arkaa Muslinka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda inuu yahay meesha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka ka dib Makka, Madiina iyo Qudus.
| image2            = حرم الامام الحسين.jpg
| width2            = 218
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, Ciraaq, waa meel aad u xurmo badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.
| width3            = 315
| alt3              = 
| footer            = 
| image3            = ImamReza(A).jpg
| caption3          = Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad, Iiraan, waa masjidhka ugu weyn dunida iyadoo ka mid ah meelaha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.
}}
===== Cibaadiyada =====
{{Main|Muhakkima|Cibaadiyada|Khawaarijta}}

Cibaadiyada waa madhab u gaar ah Islaamka waxaana inta badan loo arkaa qaybta saddexaad ee mhabada Islaamka, oo barbar taagan Islaamka Sunnada ah iyo Islaamka Shiicada ah. Xididdadeedu waxay dib u raacaan go'itaankii Khawaarijta ee ka go'een Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii nabiga Muxammad oo ahaa Imaamkii ugu horreeyay ee Shiicada iyo khaliifkii afaraad ee Khulafo al-Raashidiinta ee Sunnadu. Waxaaba jirta in Cibaadiyiinta casriga ah ay inta badan diadaan in aqiidadooda lagu tilmaamo Khawaarij. Cibaadiyada waxay soo baxday qarniyadii ugu horreeyay ee Islaamka iyadoo ka timaada khilaafaadkii siyaasadeed iyo kuwa tawxiidka ee ku xeernaa Fitnada Koowaad. Dhaqanku wuxuu taariikhiyan u xiran yahay dhaqdhaqaaqii hore ee Muhakkima. Cibaadiyiintu way ka tiro yar yihiin labada mhab ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka, Sunnadu iyo Shiicada. Cibaadiyada waxay weli tahay mid aan si fican u baran dadka ka baxsan, iyadoo ay ku jiraan kuwo aan Muslin ahayn iyo Muslinka Sunnada iyo Shiicada ah.
[[File:Islam branches and schools.png|centre|Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan qaybaha waaweyn iyo mhabada Islaamka]]

===== Qaybaha =====
* Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada waxaa lagu aasaasay Hindiya ee Ingiriisku xukumayay 1889 oo uu aasaasay Mirza Ghulam Ahmad oo ka soo jeeda Qadian, oo sheegtay inuu yahay Masiiyadii la ballanqaaday (&quot;Soo laabashada Labaad ee Ciise&quot;), Mahdiga Muslinku dhowrayaan sidoo kale prophet yar oo raaca nabiga Islaamka Muxammad. Waxaa jira fikrado iyo barashooyin kala duwan oo u gaar ah Axmadiyiinta marka loo eego badanka Muslinka kale, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan fasiraadda cinwaanka Qur'aanka ee Khatam an-Nabiyyin iyo fasiraadda Soo laabashada Labaad ee Masiiyada. deviations-kan loo arko inay ka bixisay fekerka Islaamka ee caadiga ah waxay keeneen in badanka Muslinka ay u arkaan kuwo ka baxay diinta iyo khilaafyada lagu hayo Axmadiyiinta waddamo kala duwan dhexdeeda, gaar ahaan Bakistaan, halkaas oo si rasmi ah looga dhaqangaliyay inaysan Muslin ahayn oo ay dhaqangalisay Xukuumadda Bakistaan. Taabacsanaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Islaamka waxay u qeybsamaan laba kooxood: ta koowaad oo ah Bulshada Muslinka ee Axmadiyada, oo maanta ah kooxda ugu weyn, iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Laahore ee Fafinta Islaamka.
* Calawiyada waa dhaqan Islaam oo doonis leh oo maxalli ah, oo taabacsaneedu ay raacaan barashooyinka qarsoon (bāṭenī) ee Cali iyo Haji Bektash Veli. Calawiyada waa isku dharraaq ka mid ah fikradaha dhaqanka ee Turkiga ee qarnigii 14aad, iyadoo leh xididdo ka imaan kara Tengrism iyo Animism oo barbar socda fikradaha Shiicada iyo Tasawufka. Waxaa la qiyaasay inay jiraan 10 milyan illaa ka badan 20 milyan (~0.5–1% dhammaan Muslinka) oo Calawiyiin ah dunida oo dhan.
* Qur'aaniyuuntu waa dhaqdhaqaaq diimeed ee Islaamka oo ku aasaasan aqiidada ah in sharciga Islaamka iyo xaqiijintu ay tahay oo keliya inay ka timaado Qur'aanka oo aysan ka imaanin sunnada ama Xadiiska, iyadoo Qur'aaniyuuntu ay si muuqata uga kala duwan yihiin habka loo raaco shanta tiro ee Islaamka. Dhaqdhaqaaqu wuxuu soo baxay qarnigii 19aad wixii ka dambeeyay, iyadoo fekerayaal sida Syed Ahmad Khan, Abdullah Chakralawi iyo Ghulam Ahmed Perwez ee Hindiya ay su'aal ka keeneen dhaqanka xadiiska. Ejipt, Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi wuxuu ku qaray maqaalka ''Islaamku waa Qur'aanka keligiis'' majaladda ''Al-Manār'', isagoo u doodayay awoodda keligeed ee Qur'aanka. Qur'aaniyiin muhiim ah oo qarnigii 20aad ee dambe wuxuu ahaa Rashad Khalifa, oo ahaa biokimiko Masri-Ameerikan ah oo sheegtay inuu helay fure tiro oo ku jira Qur'aanka, wuxuuna aasaasay ururka Qur'aaniyiinta ee United Submitters International.
* Mu'tazilada waxay ahayd madhab hore oo cilmiga tawxiidka Islaamka oo lagu garto isticmaalka caqliga, gaar ahaan marka loo eego labada ilo ee ugu horreeya Islaamka, Qur'aanka iyo xadiiska. Madhabtu waxay ku aasaasantaa shanta usool ee waaweyn: tawxiidka, caddaalada rabbaaniga ah, hubaasha ballanqaadyada iyo digniinaha rabbaaniga ah, meel dhexe oo marka loo eego heerka duniyeed ee duntayda waaweyn, iyo waajibka amarrada wanaagsan iyo ka hortaga xumaanta. Ka dib Sunnadu, Mu'taziladu waxay diadeen aragtida dhaqanka ah ee ah in Qur'aanku yahay hadalka aan la abuurin ee Ilaah, waxayna halkaas ka qabteen in Qur'aanku yahay waxyi la abuuray, si loo adkeeyo koodnimada kheyraatka ee Ilaah. Iyagoo adkaynaya isticmaalka caqliga, waxay u doodeen in dookha xorta ah ee bahaamka uu u oggolaado shakhsiyaadka inay doorataan wanaagga ama xumaanta, taas oo ka dhigaysa kuwo mas'uul ka ah eedooda. Bagse saameynta Mu'taziladu waxay hoos u dhacday dhibaatada bulshada iyo siyaasadeed ee ka timaada Sunnadu darteed, reebitaankooda caqliga wuxuu weli yahay mid muhiim ah fekerka casriga ah ee Islaamka.

=== Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn ===
{{Main|Non-denominational Muslim}}

Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn waa eegmo guud oo loo isticmaalo ama ay isticmaalaan Muslimiinta aan ka tirsanayn ama aan isku tilmaamin mhab gaar ah oo Islaam ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Benakis |first=Theodoros |date=13 January 2014 |title=Islamophoobia in Europe! |work=New Europe |location=Brussels |url=http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131145036/http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |archive-date=31 January 2016 |quote=Anyone who has travelled to Central Asia knows of the non-denominational Muslims—those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pollack |first=Kenneth |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=jQGZBAAAQBAJ|page=29}} |title=Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American Strategy |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-4767-3393-7 |page=29 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |quote=Although many Iranian hardliners are Shi'a chauvinists, Khomeini's ideology saw the revolution as pan-Islamist, and therefore embracing Sunni, Shi'a, Sufi, and other, more nondenominational Muslims}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sahanadii ugu dambeeyay waxay ku warramayaan in qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Muslimiinta ka mid ah kuwa ku nool qaybo ka mid ah dunida ay isku tilmaamaan oo keliya Muslim, inkasta oo ay yar tahay falanqaynta la daabacay ee ku saabsan sababaha ka dambeeya jawaabtan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Burns |first=Robert |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=akWUGyN7fwEC|page=55}} |title=Christianity, Islam, and the West |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-7618-5560-6 |page=55 |publisher=University Press of America |quote=40 per cent called themselves &quot;just a Muslim&quot; according to the Council of American-Islamic relations}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tatari |first=Eren |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=x_4QBQAAQBAJ|page=111}} |title=Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets |date=2014 |isbn=978-90-04-27226-2 |page=111 |publisher=BRILL |quote=Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pew Research waxay ku warramaysaa in jawaab-bixiyeyaasha isku tilmaama oo keliya Muslim ay yihiin inta ugu badan ee Muslimiinta ee toddoba waddan (iyo tiro sare saddex kale dhexdeeda), iyadoo heerka ugu sarreeya uu yahay Kasakhstan oo ah 74%. Ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah shan kasta oo Muslim ah ee ugu yaraan 22 waddan wuxuu isku tilmaamaa habkan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=9 August 2012|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|access-date=4 September 2013|website=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Tasawufka ==

=== Suufiyada ===
{{Main|Suufiyada}}

{{See also|Xiriirka Salafiga iyo Suufiga}}
[[File:Mevlana Konya.jpg|thumb|Wareegga Suufiga ee Dhismaha Qabriga Suufiga ee Rumi ee Konya, Turkey.]]
Suufiyada (Carabi: تصوف), waa hab ka mid ah Tasawufka Islaamka oo raadiya in lagu helo khibrad shakhsi ah oo toos ah ee Eebbe. Culimadii hore ee Suufiyadu waxay ku tilmaameen tasawufka &quot;cilmiga ujeeddadiisu tahay sixidda wadnaha iyo ka jeedinta dhammaan wixii kale ee aan Eebbe ahayn&quot;, iyada oo loo marayo &quot;awoodda caqliga iyo sharafta&quot; oo laga joojiyo in lagu tababaro. Ahmad ibn Ajiba wuxuu ku tilmaamay tasawufka &quot;ku laabashada dhaqanka, bilowgiisuna yahay aqoon, dhexdiisuna tahay wax-qabad [aqoontaas ku saabsan], dhammaadkiisuna yahay hadiya [ka timaada Allah].&quot; Ma aha qayb ka mid ah Islaamka, taabacsanaha ayaana ka tirsan mhabada kala duwan ee Muslinka. Ismaaciiliya, oo barashadeedu ku aasaasan tahay Gnosticism iyo Neoplatonism iyadoo ay barbar socdaan madhabaha Illuminationist iyo Isfahan ee falsafadda Islaamka, waxay samaysay fasiraado tasawuf ah oo Islaamka ah. Hasan al-Basri, oo ahaa Suufigii hore oo inta badan loo arko mid ka mid ah Suufiyadii ugu horreysay, wuxuu adkeeyay cabsida ka timaada guuldarrada Eebbe ee adkaysiga. Taa beddekeeda, Suufiyadii dambe ee waaweynayd, sida Mansur Al-Hallaj iyo Jalaluddin Rumi, waxay adkeeyeen diinta ku aasaasan jacyada loo qabo Eebbe. Jacyadaas waxay sidoo kale saameyn ku lahaayeen fanka, iyadoo Rumi uu weli yahay mid ka mid ah gabayaaga ugu iibka badan Ameerika. [[File:Sema ceremony many.jpg|thumb|Suufiyada ee Turkey.]]Suufiyadu waxay u arkaan tasawufka qayb aan ka go'in Islaamka. Suufiyadii dhaqanka ahayd, sida Bayazid Bastami, Jalaluddin Rumi, Haji Bektash Veli, Junaid Baghdadi, iyo Al-Ghazali, waxay u doodeen in Suufiyadu ku aasaasan tahay usoolka Islaamka iyo barashooyinka nabiga. Taariikhyahan Nile Green wuxuu u dooday in Islaamka qarniyadii dhexe uu ahaa wax yar ama ka badan Suufiyada. Taabacsanaha dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunnada ee dib-u-soocida ee loo yaqaano Salafiyada waxay u arkeen dhaqannada jacyada ee caanka ah, sida weyneynta awliyada Suufiga, inay yihiin cusbooneysiin ka timaada diintii hore. Salafiyiintu inta badan waxay weerareen Suufiyada, taas oo keentay xumaanshaha xiriirka Suufiga iyo Salafiga. Ururrada Suufiga waxay samayskaan dariiqooyin ku xeeran macallin (wali) oo raaca xiriir ruuxi ah oo dib u raaca Muxammad. Suufiyadu waxay kaqaateen door muhiim ah samaynta bulshooyinka Muslinka iyaga oo loo marayo dhaqdhaqaaqyada baahinta iyo waxbarashada. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Ahle Sunnat ama Barelvi ee uu saameeyay Tasawufku wuxuu sheegtaa in ka badan 200 milyan oo taabacsane ku leeyahay Koonfurta Aasiya. Suufiyadu waxay muhiim ku tahay Aasiyada Dhexe, iyo sidoo kale waddamada Afrika sida Tuniisiya, Aljeeriya, Marooko, Senejaal, Chaad iyo Nayjar.
== Sharciga iyo Fiqhiga ==

=== Shariicada ===
{{Main|Shariicada|Fiqhiga}}

{{See also|Mantiqa ee Falsafadda Islaamka#Sharciga Islaamka iyo Cilmiga Tawxiidka}}
[[File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|Madhabaha sharciga Islaamka ee Dunida Muslinka.]]
Shariicada waa tan ka kooban sharciga diinta Islaamka. Doonista ah in la tilmaamo oo lagu ogaado sharciyada hab dhammaystiran oo is-waafaqsan waxay keentay horumarinta aragtida sharciga, oo loo yaqaano fiqhi. Taa beddekeeda, bidco waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo cusbooneysiinta sharciga ka baxsan ee arrimaha diinta. Dhabbooyinka kala duwan, ee loo yaqaano usoolka fiqhiga, ayaa horumaray oo madhabka sharciga ee ka soo baxa dhabbo ku xeeran waxaa loo yaqaanaa madhab. Is-waafaqidda raacda go'aannada khabiir diimeed ama madhab waxaa loo yaqaanaa taqliid. Shuruudda ghayr muqallid waxay u tilmaamaysaa kuwa aan isticmaalin taqliidka iyo, sii dheeraanteeda, aan lahayn madhab. Dhaqanka shakhsigu ku fasirayo sharciga caqliga xor ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa ijtixaad. Kuwa fasira shariicada waxaa loo yaqaanaa muftiyo oo ra'yigooda sharciga ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa fatwo.
[[File:'Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa'di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Gabayaaga Saadi Shirazi iyo darwiish waxay u socdaan inay khilaafkooda ku dhameeyaan xakim hortiis, farta qarnigii 16aad oo ka timaada Iiraan.]]
Ilaaha koowaad ee Shariicadu waa Qur'aanka iyo Sunnada. Ilaa saddexaad oo caani ah waa qiyaas (caqli analoji ah) oo loo isticmaalo dhibcooyinka sharciga ah ee aan si toos ah loogu faahfaahin Qur'aanka ama Sunnada. Isku-barbardhigga ayaa la raadiyaa si loo helo illah, ama sababta halkan ku jirta, oo ah sababta ka dambeysa xukunkii hore. Tusaale ahaan, reebitaanka gaarka ah ee khamriga waxaa ka soo baxaya reebitaanka guud ee alkoolka maadaama ay wadaagayaan sababta shaqaynaysa ee loo gartay inay tahay dabeecadda ma zeexisa ee dhammaan cabitaannada alkoolka ah. Madhabka Saahiriga wuxuu adkeeyay saafinimada tooska ah oo sidaas darteed wuxuu diaday qiyaaska. Is-afgaradka ra'yiga waa ijmaac, iyadoo ikhtilaafku u tilmaamayo khilaafka culimada. Xukunnadu waxay ficillada u kala saaraan mid ka mid ah shan qaybood oo loo yaqaano axkaam: farad, mustaxab, mubaah, makruuh, iyo xaraam.

Xilliga casriga ah, sharciyada dambiyada ee ku aasaasan shariicada waxaa inta badan beddelay sharciyo ka yimid moodellada Yurub. Cilmiga dib-u-soocida ee Tanzimat ee Qarnigii 19aad ee Dowladdii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu keenay koodka madaniga ee Mecelle wuxuuna ka dhigan yahay dadaalkii ugu horreeyay ee lagu koodiyeeyo shariicada. Iyadoo Dastuurada badanka states-ka Muslinku u badan yihiin ay ku jiraan tilmaamo ku saabsan shariicada, xeerarkeeda dhaqanka ah waxaa inta badan lagu reebay oo keliya sharciyada heerka shakhsiga (famlida). Hay'adaha sharciga ah oo koodiyeeyay sharciyaddan waxay raadiyeen inay casriyeeyaan iyagoon ka tageyn aasaaskooda fiqhiga dhaqanka ah. Dib-u-soocida Islaamka ee qarnigii 20aad ee dambe waxay keentay baaqyo ka yimid dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiyiinta oo ku saabsan fulinta dhammaystiran ee shariicada. Doorka shariicadu wuxuu noqday mowduuc lagu tartamo dunida oo dhan. Waxaa jira doodaha socda oo ku saabsan in shariicadu ay la waafaqsan tahay foomamka cilmaani ee xukuumadda, xuquuqda aadanaha, xorriyadda fekerka, iyo xuquuqda dumarka darteed meelaha ay ka mid yihiin faafreebka iyo doonaanta.
== Bulshada ==
=== Shakhsiyaadka diinta ===
{{Main|Culumada}}
[[File:Maqamat_hariri.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Culimada ku sugan maktabadda Cabbaasiyiinta, Maqamat al-Hariri. Farta uu qray Yahyá al-Wasiti, Baqdaad, 1237 AD.]]
Islaamku maleho wadaado ah macnaha sacerdotalism, sida baaddariyada oo kale oo dhex-dhexaadiya Eebbe iyo dadka. Imaam (Carabi: إمام) waa cinwaanka diinta oo loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo booska hoggaaminta Islaamka, inta badan marka loo eego samaynta adeegga cibaadada Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Imam|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/imam|access-date=15 January 2023|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fasiraadda diinta waxaa hoggaamiya culumada (Carabi: علماء), oo ah shuruud loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo kooxda culimada Muslinka ah ee helay tababarka barashada Islaamka. Caalimka xadiiska waxaa loo yaqaanaa muxaddith, caalimka fiqhiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa faqeeh (Carabi: فقيه), qaanuun-yaqaanka u qalma inuu soo saaro ra'yiga sharciga ah ama fatwooyinka waxaa loo yaqaanaa mufti, qadi-yuna waa xakim Islaam ah. Cinwaannada sharafta leh ee la siiyo culimada waxaa ka mid ah sheekh, mulla iyo mawlawi. Muslinka qaar ka mid ah waxay sidoo kale weyneeyaan awliyada u xiran karaamooyinka (Carabi: كرامات).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Radtke |first1=B. |last2=Lory |first2=P. |last3=Zarcone |first3=Th. |last4=DeWeese |first4=D. |last5=Gaborieau |first5=M. |last6=Denny |first6=F. M. |last7=Aubin |first7=F. |last8=Hunwick |first8=J. O. |last9=Mchugh |first9=N. |title=Walī |orig-year=1993 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Bearman |editor1-first=P. J. |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-link=Thierry Bianquis |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-first=C. E. |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor4-first=E. J. |editor4-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-first=W. P. |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill Publishers |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335 |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Maamulka ===

{{See also|Siyaasadda iyo Islaamka|Dhaqaalaha Islaamka|Qaanuunka ciidanka ee Islaamka|Tasaamuxa|Jihaadka}}
[[File:Ali and Aisha at the Battle of the Camel.jpg|thumb|Xaasidii Muxammad, Caasha, oo la dagaallamaysa Cali.]]
Fiqhiga dhaqaalaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, kaydsiga hantida si xad-dhaaf ah waa lagu necbyahay, sidaas darteedna dhaqanka maalgashiga monobooliga ah waa laga hoos eegaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iqbal2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Iqbal | first1 = Zamir | last2 = Mirakhor | first2 = Abbas | last3 = Krichenne | first3 = Noureddine | last4 = Askari | first4 = Hossein | title = The Stability of Islamic Finance: Creating a Resilient Financial Environment | location = Singapore | publisher = John Wiley &amp; Sons | year = 2010 | language = en | isbn = 978-0-470-82518-1 | p = 75}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadaallada lagu waafajinayo shariicada waxay keeneen horumarinta bangiyada Islaamka. Islaamku wuxuu reebaa ribada, oo inta badan loo turjumo faa'iido si aan caddaalad ahayn ku timaada ganacsiga, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo faa'iidada ribada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Riba |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |year=n.d. |last1= Schacht|first1=Joseph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taa beddekeeda, bangiyada Islaamku waxay iskaashi la sameeyaan amaanadaha, iyagoo labaduba wadaagaya faa'iidada iyo qasaaraha ka soo baxa mashruuca. Shuruud kale waa ka fogaanshaha hubaal-la'aanta, oo loo arko saqajaan (khumaar), bangiyada Islaamkuna dhaqan ahaan waxay ka fogaadaan aaladaha la soocay sida mustaqbalka ama doorashooyinka, taas oo taariikhiyan ka ilaalisay hoos u dhaca suuqyada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Foster|first=John |date=1 December 2009|title=How Islamic finance missed heavenly chance|work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8388644.stm|access-date=13 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Domat|first=Chloe|date=20 October 2020|title=What Is Islamic Finance And How Does It Work?|work=Global Finance magazine|url=https://www.gfmag.com/topics/blogs/islamic-finance-faq-what-islamic-finance-and-how-does-it-work|access-date=13 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Khulafadii Raashidiinta iyo Dowladdii Umawiyiinta waxay ku lug lahaayeen qaybinta sadaqada ee ka timaada qasnadda dowladda, oo loo yaqaano Bayt al-maal, ka hor inta aysan noqon dadaal shakhsi ah meelaha sannadkii 720. Khaliifkii ugu horreeyay, Abu Bakar, wuxuu u qaybiyay sakada sida tusaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee dakhliga ugu yar ee la dammaanad qaado, iyadoo muwaaddin kasta uu helayay 10 illaa 20 dirham sannadkiiba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Merchant, Brian |date=14 November 2013 |title=Guaranteeing a Minimum Income Has Been a Utopian Dream for Centuries |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/guaranteeing-a-minimum-income-has-been-a-utopian-dream-for-centuries/ |access-date=3 June 2019 |website=VICE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waagii maamulkii khaliifkii labaad ee Cumar, taageerada carruurta ayaa la soo bandhigay, kuwa da'da ah iyo kuwa nafedana waxay xaq u lahaayeen mushaar,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Al-Buraey |first=Muhammad |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=lT8OAAAAQAAJ|page=}} |title=Administrative Development: An Islamic Perspective |publisher=KPI |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-7103-0059-1 |pages=252–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Akgündüz |first1=Ahmed |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=EnT_zhqEe5cC|page=539}} |title=Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths |last2=Öztürk |first2=Said |publisher=IUR Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |pages=539– |access-date=7 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo khaliifkii Umawiyiinta ee Cumar II uu u qoondeeyay adeego dhagool kasta iyo labadii qafis ee xanuunsan oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Al-Jawzi|first1=Ibn |url=|title=The Biography and Virtues of Omar Bin Abd al-Aziz – The Ascetic Caliph |publisher=IUR Press |year=2001 |isbn= |page=130 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Saladin the Victorious.jpg|thumb|Salaxaddiin Guuleystaha, uu qray Gustave Doré.]]
Jihaad wuxuu macnehiisu yahay &quot;dadaal ama ilaa qabasho [dhabada Eebbe]&quot;, macnehiisa ugu ballaaranina waa &quot;awoodda, dadaalka, ama awoodda ugu dambeysa oo lagu bixiyo la dagaallanka shay laga xumaado&quot;. Shiicadu gaar ahaan waxay adkeeyaan &quot;jihaadka weyn&quot; oo ah dadaalka lagu gaarayo wanaajinta nafta ee ruuxiga ah iyadoo &quot;jihaadka yar&quot; loo tilmaamo dagaalka. Marka loo isticmaalo sidaas oo keliya, jihaadka inta badan waxaa loo fahmaa foomkiisa ciidanka. Jihaadku waa foomka keliya ee dagaalka ee loo oggol yahay sharciga Islaamka, waxaana lagu dhawaaqi karaa ka dhan ah ujeedooyinka aan sharciyaysnayn, argagixisada, kooxaha dambiyada, reebleyaasha, murtadiinta, iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha ama dowladaha dhibta Muslinka. Badanka Muslinka maanta waxay u fasiraan Jihaadka oo keliya foom دفاع ah oo dagaalka ah. Jihaadku wuxuu oo keliya noqdaa waajib shakhsi ah kuwa la siiyay awoodda. Dadka kale oo dhan, tani waxay dhacdaa oo keliya marka ay jirto diyaargarow guud. Badanka Shiicada Isnaashariyada, jihaadka weerarka ah waxaa oo keliya lagu dhawaaqi karaa hoggaamiye Eebbe uu doortay oo ee bulshada Muslinka ah, sidaas darteedna, wuu hakad ku jiraa tan iyo gaabinta Muxammad al-Mahdi ee sannadkii 868 CE.
=== Nolosha maanta iyo tan aabbanimada/qoyska ===
{{See also|Edabta (Islaamka)|Cuntada reebban ee Islaamka|Islaamka iyo carruurta|Guurka Islaamka|Dumarka Islaamka|Guurka badan ee Islaamka}}
[[File:Salat Eid al-Fitr, Tehran (113344343).jpg|thumb|Haweenay Iiraani ah oo xiran astaan Islaami ah (Xijaab).]]
Cilmiga edabta ee maalinlaha ah wuxuu ku jiraa qaybta edabta, ama hab-dhaqanka. Cuntooyinka si gaar ah loo reebay waxaa ka mid ah hเนื้อ Doofaarka, dhiigga iyo bakhtiga. Caafimaadka waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timaada Eebbe, waxyaabaha maaddada ah ee maaddada maanka dooriya, sida cabitaannada alkoolka ah, waa kuwo reebban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Fahd Salem Bahammam|title=Food and Dress in Islam: An explanation of matters relating to food and drink and dress in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRojJ7lnb18C&amp;pg=PP1|publisher=Modern Guide|isbn=978-1-909322-99-8|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhammaan hเนื้อ waa inay ka timaadaa xayawaan geed-daaq ah oo loo qashay magaca Eebbe oo uu qashay Muslin, Yuhuudi, ama Christian, marka laga reebo ugaarta uu qofku ugaarsaday ama kaluumaysay maankiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Curtis|2005|p=164}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|p=111}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Slaughter |first=Ersilia |last=Francesca |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garaha inta badan waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa ragga sida shay dabiici ah&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=De Sondy |first=Amanullah  |date=28 January 2016|title=The relationship between Muslim men and their beards is a tangled one|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/28/muslim-men-beards-facial-hair-islam |access-date=7 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo isbeddellada jirka, sida peenijka joogtada ah (sawirka jidhka), inta badan waa reebban iyadoo laga baqayo inay kharribaan ubaahda u go'an.{{efn|Muslinka qaar ka mid ah Shiinaha waagii boqortooyada waxay ka horyimaadeen xiridda cagaha gabdhaha sababtaas oo kale darteed.}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |title=Are Muslims Allowed to Get Tattoos? |website= |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=8 Bisha Saddexaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308040238/https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xariirta iyo dahabka waa reebban yihiin ragga Islaamka dhexdiisa si loo dhowro xaaladda miyir-qabka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Glassé |first1=Cyril |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |page=158 |language=en|year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haya, oo inta badan loo turjumo &quot;xishood&quot;, mararka qaar waxaa loo tilmaamaa dabeecadda hoose ee Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Zine |first1=Jasmin |last2=Babana-Hampton |first2=Safoi |last3=Mazid |first3=Nergis |last4=Bullock |first4=Katherine |last5=Chishti |first5=Maliha |title=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:4 |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JM4DwAAQBAJ&amp;q=haya+islam&amp;pg=PA59 |access-date=4 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna hagaa badanka nolosha maalinlaha ah ee Muslinka. Tusaale ahaan, dharka Islaamka dhexdiisa wuxuu adkeeyaa heerka xishoodka, oo ay ku jirto xijaabka haweenka. Sidoo kale, nadaafadda shakhsiga ah waa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa shuruudo gaar ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |access-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114153249/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |archive-date=14 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Muslim Couple (cropped).jpg|thumb|Saddex laba oo Muslin ah oo ka socda Indoneesiya.]]
Guurka Islaamka dhexdiisa, ninka arooska ah waxaa lagu leeyahay inuu bixiyo meherka aroosadda (mahar).&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=93–96}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=339}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|1998|p=79}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qoysaska badankood ee dunida Islaamka waxay leeyihiin hal xaas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Newby |first=Gordon D. |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00newb |title=A concise encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=Oneworld |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-85168-295-9 |location=Oxford |page=141}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionhis00nasr_0/page/68 |title=Islam : religion, history, and civilization |publisher=HarperOne |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-06-050714-5 |location=New York |page=68}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ragga Muslinka ah waxaa loo oggol yahay inay sameeyaan guurka badan waxayna yeelan karaan illaa afar xaas oo isku mar ah. Waxbarashada Islaamku waxay si adag uga baqaysaa inay adkayso in haddii ninku uusan dammaanad qaadi karin taageerada maaliyadeed iyo ta ruuxiga ah oo siman xaasaskiisa mid kasta, waxaa la dhiirri-geliyaa inuu guursado hal haweenay oo keliya. Sabab lagu tilmaamay guurka badan ayaa ah inay ninka u oggolaato inuu siiyo ilaalin maaliyadeed haween badan, oo laga yaabo inaysan helin taageero kale (tusaale, carrooyinka). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaska ugu horreysa waxay shuruud ku xiri kartaa heshiiska guurka in ninku uusan guursan karin haweenay kale inta ay guursan yihiin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Ratno Lukito|title=Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbridgeable|page=81|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/fatwa/ShowFatwa.php?lang=A&amp;Id=18444&amp;Option=FatwaId |title=IslamWeb |publisher=IslamWeb |date=7 February 2002 |access-date=13 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa sidoo kale jira kala duwanaansho dhaqameed oo aroosyo ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Gai |url=https://archive.org/details/rememberinggodre0000eato |title=Remembering God: Reflections on Islam |publisher=The Islamic Texts Society |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-946621-84-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=92–93}}&lt;/ref&gt; Polyandry, oo ah dhaqan ay haweenaydu ku guursato laba ama ka badan oo ragg ah, waa ku reebban Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Why Can't a Woman have 2 Husbands? |url=http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |access-date=27 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223012707/http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |archive-date=23 December 2015 |website=14 Publications}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:عکس های مراسم ترتیل خوانی یا جزء خوانی یا قرائت قرآن در ایام ماه رمضان در حرم فاطمه معصومه در شهر قم 20.jpg|thumb|Gabdhaha Muslinka ah oo baranaya Qur'aanka lagu dul dhigay rehalada xilliga Ramadaanka ee Qom, Iiraan.]]
Aadada dhalashada ubadka ka dib, adhaanka waxaa lagu dhawaaqaa dhegta midig. Maalinta todobaad, xafladda caqiiqada ayaa la sameeyaa, oo xayawaan lagu qalo oo hantiisa loo qaybiyo masaakiinta. Madaxa ubadka waa la xiiraa, oo lacag la eg miisaanka dhagaha waxaa loo deeqaa masaakiinta. Gudniinka raga, oo loo yaqaano khitaan, inta badan waa lagu dhaqmaa dunida Muslinka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |year=2014 |title=Khitān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127165754/https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |archive-date=27 January 2020 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=January 2017 |title=Reported Male Circumcision Practices in a Muslim-Majority Setting |journal=BioMed Research International |publisher=Hindawi Publishing Corporation |volume=2017 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2017/4957348 |pmc=5282422 |pmid=28194416 |doi-access=free |author1-last=Anwer |author1-first=Abdul Wahid |author2-last=Samad |author2-first=Lubna |author3-last=Baig-Ansari |author3-first=Naila |author4-last=Iftikhar |author4-first=Sundus}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=13 August 2009 |title=Islam: Circumcision of boys |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112170938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |archive-date=12 November 2012 |access-date=27 May 2020 |work=Religion &amp; ethics—Islam |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xaq-dhowridda iyo addeecidda waalidiinta, iyo daryeelidooda gaar ahaan markay da'da yihiin waa waajib diini ah.

Muslinka dhimanaya waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa inuu dhawaaqo Shahaadada si ay u noqoto hadalkiisa ugu dambeeya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| isbn = 9783643900678| title =Changing European Death Ways| location = Austria| year = 2013| last1=Mathijssen| first1=Brenda|last2=Venhorst|first2=Claudia|last3=Venbrux|first3=Eric|last4=Quartier|first4=Thomas| url =| page = 265 |publisher=Lit }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xaq-dhowridda kii dhintay iyo ka qaybgalka jinaasooyinka ee bulshada dhexdeeda waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ficillada wanaagsan. Caadooyinka aasidda Islaamka, aasidda waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa si dhakhso ah oo ugu macquulsan, inta badan 24 saac dhexdeeda. Meydka waa la dhaqaa, marka laga reebo shuhadada, oo ay dhaqaan kuwo labka ah oo isku jinsi ah waxaana lagu duubaa dhar aan adkayn oo loo yaqaano kafan. Salaadda jinaasada oo loo yaqaano Salat al-Janazah ayaa la tukadaa. Qaylada ama ooyinta weyn ee baroorgaaga ah waa laga fogaadaa. Sanduuqyada aaska inta badan la ma doorbido oo qabrida inta badan calaamad maleho, xata boqorada.
=== Dhaqanka ===
{{Main|Dhaqanka Islaamka}}

{{See also|Farshaxanka Islaamka|Dhismaha Islaamka|Suugaanta Islaamka|Islaamka iyo kubbadda cagta|Muslinka Dhaqanka}}
[[File:Chinese-style minaret of the Great Mosque 2023.jpg|thumb|Minaaradda qaabka Shiinaha ee Masaajidka Weyn ee Xi'an, oo ka mid ah masaajidda ugu ee Shiinaha ee la dhisay 742 AD.]]
Erayga &quot;dhaqanka Islaamka&quot; waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee u gaarka ah diinta, sida ciidaha iyo dharka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si dood ku jirto oo loogu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee dadka Muslinka ah ee dhaqanka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Melikian |first=Souren |author-link=Souren Melikian |date=4 November 2011 |title='Islamic' Culture: A Groundless Myth |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/05/arts/05iht-rartmelikian05.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugudambeyntii, &quot;ilbaxnimada Islaamka&quot; waxay sidoo kale u tilmaami kartaa dhinacyada dhaqanka isku-dhafka ah ee Khilafaadkii hore, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa aan Muslinka ahayn, mararka ka mid ahna loo yaqaano &quot;Islaamiga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Wiley| isbn = 9781405155144| title =Islamicate Cosmopolitan Spirit | location = United Kingdom| year = 2021| last=Lawrence| first=Bruce| url =| page = xii| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt; Farshaxanka Islaamku wuxuu ka kooban yahay farshaxanka muuqaalka ah oo ay ku jiraan ilo kala duwan sida dhismaha, farta qurxoon, sawirka, iyo dhoobada, iyo kuwo kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ettinghausen |first1=Richard |first2=Oleg |last2=Grabar |first3=Marilyn |last3=Jenkins-Madina |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300088670/page/3 |title=Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-300-08869-8 |edition=2nd |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Suarez|first=Michael F.|title=The Oxford companion to the book|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780198606536|location=Oxford and New York|pages=331ff|chapter=38 The History of the Book in the Muslim World|oclc=50238944}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo sameynta sawirrada noolaha inta badan ka laga fogaado oo u xiran sharciyada ka dhanka ah sanam-caabudidda, shuruuddan waxaa u fasiray ilo kala duwan culimo kala duwan iyo xilliyo taariikhi ah oo kala duwan.
[[File:Masjid Menara Kudus.jpg|thumb|Masaajidka Menara Kudus ee qarnigii 16aad ee Indoneesiya, oo muujinaya saamaynta Hindiya.]]
Xaddidaaddan waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu fashilo badnaanta farta qurxoon, joomatariya isku-dhafka ah, iyo qaababka sida ilaha muhiimka ah ee dhaqanka farshaxanka Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Salim Ayduz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=or-6BwAAQBAJ&amp;q=islamic+art+idolatry+geometry&amp;pg=PA263 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam |last2=Ibrahim Kalin |last3=Caner Dagli |date=2014 |page=263|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-981257-8 |quote=Figural representation is virtually unused in Islamic art because of Islam's strong antagonism of idolatry. It was important for Muslim scholars and artists to find a style of art that represented the Islamic ideals of unity (''tawhid'') and order without figural representation. Geometric patterns perfectly suited this goal.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa sii dheer, sawirka Muxammad waa arrin dood ka jirto dhexdeeda Muslinka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|jstor=860736| title = An Indian Picture of Muhammad and His Companions
| author = T. W. Arnold| journal = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
| author-link = T. W. Arnold| date = June 1919| volume = 34| issue = 195
| publisher = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 34, No. 195.
| pages = 249–252}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, dhaqanka kala duwan wuxuu muujinayaa saamayn sida dhismaha Islaamka ee Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Isbaanishka sida Masaajidka Weyn ee Kairouan oo ka kooban tiirar marmar iyo borfiri ah oo ka yimid dhismayaashii Roomaanka iyo Bizantiinta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Isichei |first=Elizabeth Allo |url={{Google books|LgnhYDozENgC|page=PA175|keywords=mosque%20kairouan%20roman columns|text=mosque+kairouan+roman+columns|plainurl=yes}} |title=A history of African societies to 1870 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-45599-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=175 |access-date=6 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo masaajidda Indoneesiya inta badan leeyihiin saqafyo heerarka badan leh oo ka yimid qaabka dhaladka ah ee Jafa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Gunawan |last=Tjahjono |title=Indonesian Heritage-Architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/architecture00indo/page/88 |year=1998 |publisher=Archipelago Press |location=Singapore |isbn=981-3018-30-5 |pages=88–89 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taariikhda Islaamku waa taariikhda dayaxa oo ka bilaabanta Hijrada 622 CE, oo ah taariikh oo la sheegay inuu doortay Khaliif Cumar maadaama ay ahayd meel isbeddel muhiim ah u ahayd Muxammad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Muslim-calendar|title=Islamic calendar|website=www.britannica.com|date=|access-date=8 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maalmaha barakaysan ee Islaamku waxay ku beegan yihiin taariikho go'an oo ee taariikhda dayaxa, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay dhacaan xilliyo kala duwan sannado kala duwan oo ee taariikhda Miilaadiga. Ciidaha ugu muhiimsan Islaamka waa Ciidul Fitri (Carabi: عيد الفطر) ee 1-da Shawaal, oo calaamad u ah dhammaadka bisha soomanaanta ee Ramadaan, iyo Ciidul Adxa (Carabi: عيد الأضحى) ee 10-ka Dhul-Hijjah, oo ku beegan dhammaadka Xajka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher =Oxford University Press| isbn =9780195165203| title =The Islamic World: Past and Present| year = 2004| last=Esposito| first=John| pages = 75–76 |ref=none}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.britannica.com-2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|title=Pillars of Islam &amp;#124; Islamic Beliefs &amp; Practices &amp;#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|date=3 May 2023|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905102524/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Dhaqanka waa shakhsiyaad aan cibaadaysaneyn oo wali lagu aqoonsado Islaamka iyadoo laga duulayo asalka qoyska, dhiirrigelinta shakhsiga ah, ama deegaanka bulshada iyo dhaqanka ee ay ku doorteen inay ku koran.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first1= Cara|last1= Aitchison|author1-link= Cara Aitchison|first2= Peter E.|last2= Hopkins|author3-link= Mei-Po Kwan|author3= Mei-Po Kwan|title= Geographies of Muslim Identities: Diaspora, Gender and Belonging|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DRnthQxB8lYC&amp;pg=PA147|access-date= 30 June 2013|year= 2007|publisher= Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn= 978-1-4094-8747-0|pages=147}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice|first=G. Hussein|last= Rassool|year= 2015| isbn=9781317441250| page =10|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_QsCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Muslims+who+are+religiously+unobservant,+secular+or+irreligious+individuals+who+still+identify+with+the+Muslim&amp;pg=PA10|quote=The label 'Cultural Muslim' is used in the literature to describe those Muslims who are religiously unobservant, secular or irreligious individuals who still identify with the Muslim culture due to family background, personal experiences, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up... For Cultural Muslim the declaration of faith is superficial and has no effect of their religious practices.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Siyaasada===
[[File:Scotusnfrieze.jpeg|thumb|Muxammad oo lagu muujiyay Adolph Alexander Weinman ee Dhismaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka ee Washington, DC isagoo wada seef iyo Qur'aan.]]
Qayb badan oo ka mid ah qarnigii 20aad, aqoonsiga Islaamka iyo maamulka Islaamka ee arrimaha siyaasadda ayaa kordhay horraantii qarnigii 21aad. Siyaasadda Islaamka waa fasiraadda Islaamka oo loo arko il ka mid ah aqoonsiga iyo wax-qabadka siyaasadeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Voll|first1=John O.|last2=Sonn|first2=Tamara|title=Political Islam|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/id/obo-9780195390155-0063|journal=Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets|year=2009|language=en|doi=10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0063|access-date=2017-05-26|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223165247/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0063.xml|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay u doodaysaa dhisidda dawladda iyo bulshada sida ku cad (fahamka u doodayaasha) mabaadi'da Islaamka, halkaas oo Islaamku u shaqeeyo il ka mid ah jagooyinka iyo fikradaha siyaasadeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;Krämer, Gudrun. &quot;Political Islam.&quot; In Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 6. Edited by Richard C. Martin, 536–540. New York: Macmillan, 2004. [http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam via Encyclopedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713072425/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam|date=2018-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=March|first1=Andrew F.|title=Political Islam: Theory|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|date=2015|volume=18|issue=1|pages=103–123|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141250|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siyaasadda Islaamka waxaa muriyaal ka dhex jira iyo kuwa ka baxsan tacliinta guud ahaan ugu adeegsadaan si isku mid ah ereyga Islaamiyadda,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; waxaana loo haystaa inuu yahay cunsur siyaasadeed oo ka mid ah Soo-reenka Islaamka oo bilaabmay qarnigii 20aad,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa oo kaliya nooc kasta oo wax-qabad siyaasadeed oo ay sameeyaan Muslimiintu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale jirey dadaallo cusub oo lagu kala saarayo Islaamiyadda oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo ku basada diinta iyo siyaasadda Islaamka oo ah faham qaran oo casri ah oo ku saabsan Islaamka oo ay wadaagaan jilayaasha cilmaaniga ah iyo kuwa Islaamiga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jocelyne Cesari|year=2018|title=What Is Political Islam|url=https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.rienner.com|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-1-62637-692-2|archive-date=2023-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106160415/https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kooxaha dhowr ah oo ku yaala Bariga Dhexe ayaa u kaftamay inay fikradaha casriynta ku xiraan faragelinta boqortooyadii gumaadkeedii. Wadamada Muslimka ah ee dhowr ah, gaar ahaan Masar iyo Bakistaan, dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo lid ku ah oo u janjeera dhanka diinta ayaa salka ku dhigtay. Sababaha waa kuwo dhinacyo badan leh. Burburkii Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu ahaa dhacdo baaxad weyn oo dhalisay gariirro badan. Gobolku wuxuu la kulmay jahwareer sannado badan maadaama waddamada Carabtu ay hoos tageen saamaynta dhaqanka iyo guulaystayaasha waddamada Yurub. Dhanka cadaadiska dhaqanka oo kordhayay Muslimiintu waxay adkeeyeen aqoonsigooda qaran iyo dhaxalkooda dhaqan, kooxaha qaar waxay ugafeen dhinacyada diinta. Masar dhexdeeda daciifnimada Muslimiinta waxaa lagu eedeeyay u kuปฏิบัตitaanka liidata ee qoraallada diinta. Sida ku cad Hassan al-Banna, dhaqanka Yurub wuxuu ahaa mid maaddiyad ku dhisan, anshax xumo ah oo ku batay ku-tagri-falka heerarka bulshada iyo ribada.

=== Sugaanta ===
{{Main|Islaamiga}}
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Shaqada ugu caansan ee khayaaliga ah ee ka timi dunida Islaamka waa Kumaan iyo Hal Habeen, oo ah ururin sheekooyin hoose/folklore oo ka soo jeeda Sanskriit, Faarisi, iyo ka dib fables Carab ah. Fikradda waxaa saameeyay nooc ka horreeyay Islaamka oo Faarisi ah oo loo yaqaannay Hezār Afsān (Kumaan Sheeko) oo ku tiirsanaa walxaha Hindida ee gaarka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Marzolph|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|title=Arabian Nights|year=2007|publisher=Brill|volume=I|location=Leiden}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay gaadhay foomkeeda ugu dambeeyay qarnigii 14aad; tirada iyo nooca sheekooyinku waxay ku kala duwanaayeen farta gacanta mid ka mid ah mid kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;arabianNights&quot;&gt;Grant &amp; Clute, p. 51&lt;/ref&gt; Shaqadan waxay saameyn weyn ku lahayd Galbeedka tan iyo markii loo turjumay qarnigii 18aad, markii ugu horreysay oo uu turjumay Antoine Galland.&lt;ref&gt;L. Sprague de Camp, Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy, p. 10 {{ISBN|0-87054-076-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku-dayasho ayaa lagu qray, gaar ahaan Faransiiska.&lt;ref name=&quot;arabianNights2&quot;&gt;Grant &amp; Clute, p 52&lt;/ref&gt; Jilayaal kala duwan oo ka socda epik-kan ayaa iyaguna noqday calaamado dhaqameed ee dhaqanka Galbeedka, sida Aladdiin, Sindibad Nawaakhida iyo Cali Baba. Tusaale ka mid ah tixda Carabiga iyo tixda Faarisiga oo ku saabsan jacaylka waa Layla iyo Majnuun, oo dib u dhaceysa xilligii Umawiyiinta ee qarnigii 7aad. Waa sheeko naxdin leh oo ku saabsan jacayl aan dhimanayn. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, oo ah epik-ka qaranka ee Iran-ta Weyn, waa dib-u-sheegid khayaali iyo geesinimo leh oo ku saabsan taariikhda Faarisiga. Amir Arsalan wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa sheeko khayaali ah oo caan ah oo Faarisi ah.

Ibn Tufayl (Abubacer) iyo Ibn al-Nafis waxay ahaayeen hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda. Ibn Tufail wuxuu qray riwaayaddii ugu horreysay ee Carabi ah Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) iyadoo cavab u ah Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, ka dibna Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sidoo kale qray riwaayad Theologus Autodidactus iyadoo cavab u ah Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Labada sheeko waxay lahaayeen jilayaal waaweyn (Hayy ee Philosophus Autodidactus iyo Kamil ee Theologus Autodidactus) oo ahaa carruur is-baray oo duurka ku voolaa oo ku noolaa go'doon kuyeel/jasiirad saxara ah, labaduba waxay ahaayeen tusaalayaasha ugu horreeyay ee sheeko jasiirad saxara ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halka Hayy uu ku nool yahay kaligiis xoolaha jasiiradda saxarada ah inta ka dhiman sheekada Philosophus Autodidactus, sheekada Kamil waxay ka dhib badan tahay jasiiradda saxarada ah ee Theologus Autodidactus, iyadoo u ekaanaysa sheekadii ugu horreysay oo la ogaaday oo ah koreera/hanaqaad oo ugu dambeyntii noqonaysa tusaalaha ugu horreeya ee riwaayadda sayniska khayaaliga ah.&lt;ref&gt;Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), &quot;Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher&quot;, Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), &quot;[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)] {{Wayback|url=http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 |date=20150404020329 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020329/http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615/|date=4 April 2015}}&quot;, pp. 95–101, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.&lt;/ref&gt;

Theologus Autodidactus,&lt;ref&gt;Muhammad b. Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufayl. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC Philosophus autodidactus, sive Epistola Abi Jaafar ebn Tophail de Hai ebn Yokdhan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004180638/https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC |date=4 October 2015 }}: in qua ostenditur, quomodo ex inferiorum contemplatione ad superiorum notitiam ratio humana ascendere possit. E Theatro Sheldoniano, excudebat Joannes Owens, 1700.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi. The Theologus autodidactus of Ibn al-Nafīs. Clarendon P., 1968&lt;/ref&gt; oo uu qray aqoonyahanka Carabi Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFCuoqykV9QC&amp;q=ibn+al+nafis+first+science+fiction+novel&amp;pg=PA236|title=The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature|first=Gregory|last=Claeys|date=5 August 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139828420|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa walxaha sayniska khayaaliga ah sida abuurista iskood u samaysanta, falanqaynta mustaqbalka, dhamaadka dunida iyo qiyaamaha, soo-tegga/sarakicidda, iyo nolosha ka dib. Halkii uu ka siin lahaa sharraxaad mucjiso ama khayaali ah dhacdooyinkan, Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu isku dayay inuu sharraxo walxaha sheekada iyada oo loo marayo aqoonta sayniska ee bijoolajiga, astronomy-ga, cosmology-ga iyo meelaha/juqraafiga oo lagu yaqaannay xilligiisa. Khayaaliga Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sharraxay baridda diinta Islaamka iyada oo loo marayo sayniska iyo falsafadda Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roubi&quot;&gt;Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), &quot;Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher&quot;, Symposium on Ibn al Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibnul-Nafees As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).&lt;/ref&gt; Turjumaadaha Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus waxay ka muuqdeen Laatiin (1671), Inqiriisi (1708), Jarmal, iyo Dutch. Turjumaadahan luqadaha Yurub waxay ka dib saameyn ku yeesheen Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe&lt;ref&gt;Cyril Glasse (2001), New Encyclopaedia of Islam, p. 202, Rowman Altamira, {{ISBN|0-7591-0190-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Robert Boyle's The Aspiring Naturalist.&lt;ref name=&quot;Toomer-222&quot;&gt;G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Falsafadda ===
[[File:Persian Scholar pavilion in Viena UN (Rhazes&amp;Khayyam).jpg|thumb|Scholars Pavilion waa taallo ay Iran ugu deeqday Xafiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee Vienna. Sannadlaha aqoonyahannadii Muslimka ahaa ee qarniyadii dhexe, Omar Khayyam, Al-Biruni, Rhazes iyo Avicenna ayaa ku dhex jira dhismaha.]]
Astaamaha ugu caansan ee lagu qeexo falsafadda Islaamka waa &quot;qaabka falsafadda ee lagu dhex abuuray qaabdhismeedka dhaqanka Islaamka.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;RoutledgeEoP&quot;&gt;[http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/H057 &quot;Islamic Philosophy&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606082214/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/islamic-philosophy;jsessionid=B31B033F077DD5E68E09CC9D35C02105|date=6 June 2022}}, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998)&lt;/ref&gt; Falsafadda Islaamka, qeexidtan laguma xidho arrimo diimeed oo keliya, mana aha mid ay Muslimiinta oo keliya curiyeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;RoutledgeEoP&quot; /&gt; Aqoonyahanka Faarisiiga ah ee Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) wuxuu lahaa ka badan 450 buug oo loo tiriyo. Qoraalladiisu waxay ku saabsanaayeen maadooyin kala duwan, gaar ahaan falsafadda iyo daawada. Buuggiisa daawada ee The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo adeegsaday sida buugga heerka sare ah ee jaamacadaha Yurub ee qarniyo badan. Wuxuu sidoo kale qray The Book of Healing, oo ah encyclopediya saynis iyo falsafad saameyn leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ibn Sina [Avicenna]|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=2024|quote=The Cure...had momentous consequences...his philosophical system dominated intellectual history in both Shi’ite and most of Sunni Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakhsiyad kale oo ka tirsan Casrigii Dahabiga ahaa ee Islaamka, Avicenna, wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay dugsigiisa falsafadda ee Avicennism, oo saameyn ku lahaa dhulka Islaamka iyo kan Masiixiga dhexdiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Saliba|first=George|author-link=George Saliba|date=1994|title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam|pages=245, 250, 256–257|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=0-8147-8023-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Falsafad kale oo saameyn ku lahaa falsafadda casriga ah wuxuu ahaa Ibn Tufail. Riwaayaddiisii falsafadda ahayd, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, oo loo turjumay Laatiin siday tahay Philosophus Autodidactus sannadkii 1671, waxay horumarisay mawduucyada empiricism, tabula rasa, dabiicadda iyo korinta, xaaladda suurtogalnimada, materialism,&lt;ref&gt;Dominique Urvoy, &quot;The Rationality of Everyday Life: The Andalusian Tradition? (Aropos of Hayy's First Experiences)&quot;, in Lawrence I. Conrad (1996), The World of Ibn Tufayl: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān, pp. 38–46, Brill Publishers, {{ISBN|90-04-09300-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Molyneux's problem.&lt;ref&gt;Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufail and Léon Gauthier (1981), Risalat Hayy ibn Yaqzan, p. 5, Editions de la Méditerranée.&lt;/ref&gt; Aqoonyahannada iyo qoraayaasha Yurub ee uu saameeyay riwaayaddan waxaa ka mid ah John Locke,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994), pp. 224–39&lt;/ref&gt; Gottfried Leibniz,&lt;ref name=&quot;Wainwright&quot;&gt;Martin Wainwright, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/mar/22/featuresreviews.guardianreview1 Desert island scripts], The Guardian, 22 March 2003.&lt;/ref&gt; Melchisédech Thévenot, John Wallis, Christiaan Huygens,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994) p. 227&lt;/ref&gt; George Keith, Robert Barclay, Quakers,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994), p. 247&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Samuel Hartlib.&lt;ref name=&quot;Toomer-2222&quot;&gt;G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Falsafada Islaamku waxay sii waday horumarka falsafadda ilaa qarnigii 17aad, markii Mulla Sadra uu sameeyay dugsigiisa Transcendent theosophy oo uu horumaray fikradda existentialism-ka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy|first=Muhammad|last=Kamal|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-5271-7|pages=9, 39|oclc=224496901}}&lt;/ref&gt; Falsafado kale oo saameyn lahaa oo Muslimiin ah waxaa ka mid ah Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), oo ah hormuudka phenomenology iyo falsafadda sayniska iyo dhaleeceeyaha dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian iyo fikradda Aristotle ee goobta (topos); Al-Biruni, dhaleeceeye dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian; Ibn al-Nafis, hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, aasaasaha falsafadda Illuminationist; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, dhaleeceeye mantiqa Aristotelian iyo hormuudka mantiqa inductive-ka; iyo Ibn Khaldun, oo ah hormuudka falsafadda taariikhda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Akhtar&quot;&gt;S.R.W. Akhtar (1997). &quot;The Islamic Concept of Knowledge&quot;, Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought &amp; Culture 12 (3). https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol-12-no3/islamic-concept-knowledge-sayyid-wahid-akhtar&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada ===
[[File:Statue of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi in Urgench.jpg|thumb|Taallada Al-Khwarizmi ee Urgench, Uzbekistan.]]
Ibn al-Haytham waxaa sidoo xaqiiqo ah loo arkaa aabbaha optics-ka, gaar ahaan cadeyntiisa empirik-ka ah ee aragtida intromission-ka ee iftiinka. Jim Al-Khalili wuxuu sheegay 2009 in Ibn al-Haytham 'loogu yeero inta badan &quot;saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee dhabta ah ee dunida&quot;.'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Al-Khalili|first=Jim|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7810846.stm|title=BBC News|date=4 January 2009|access-date=11 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426041228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm|archive-date=26 April 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al-Khwarizmi wuxuu alifay nidaamyada log base-ka ee maanta loo adeecsado, wuxuu sidoo kale ka qaybqaatay theorems ee trigonometry iyo sidoo kale limits.&lt;ref&gt;Plofker, Kim (2009), Mathematics in India: 500 BCE–1800 CE, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-12067-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxbarashooyinkii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujinayaan inay u badan tahay in fannaaniintii Muslimka ahayd ee Qarniyadii Dhexe ay ogaayeen geometriyada quasicrystal ee decagonal ah ee sare ee la helay kala bar millennium ka dib 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii ee Galbeedka, ayna u adeegsadeen shaqada tiled-ka ee dhismaha.&lt;ref&gt;Peter J. Lu, [http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html Harvard's Office of News and Public Affairs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314012002/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html|date=14 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhaqaatiirta Muslimiinta ah waxay ka qaybqaateen sahanka daawada, oo ay ku jiraan anatomy iyo physiology: sida shaqadii Faarisiiga ahayd ee qarnigii 15aad ee uu sameeyay Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas ee loo yaqaan Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy-ga jirka) oo ku jireen sawirro guud oo ku saabsan habka jirka, dareemayaasha iyo habka wareegga dhiigga; ama shaqadii dhakhtarkii Masar Ibn al-Nafis, oo soo bandhigay aragtida wareegga dhiigga ee sambabada. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Abulcasis) wuxuu ka qaybqaatay edbinta qalliinka daawada buuggiisa Kitab al-Tasrif (&quot;Buugga Tanaasulaadka&quot;), oo ah encyclopediya daawa oo ka dib loo turjumay Laatiin oo loo adeegsaday iskoolada daawada ee Yurub iyo Muslimiinta ee qarniyo badan. Horumaro kale oo daawo ah waxay ka tulmeen dhinacyada pharmacology iyo pharmacy.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, H. (1997) pp. 136–38&lt;/ref&gt; Saynisyahannada ugu caansan ee ka mid ah dunida Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe waxaa ka mid ah Jābir ibn Hayyān, al-Farabi, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Biruni, Avicenna, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, iyo Ibn Khaldun.

Tiknoolajiyada dhexdeeda, dunida Islaamka waxay warqad-sameynta ka qaadatay Shiinaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lucas&quot;&gt;Adam Robert Lucas (2005), &quot;Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe&quot;, Technology and Culture 46 (1), pp. 1–30 [10].&lt;/ref&gt; Aqoonta baaruudda waxaa sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay Shiinaha iyada oo loo marayo waddamada badankooda Islaamka ah.&lt;ref&gt;Arming the Periphery. Emrys Chew, 2012. p. 1823.&lt;/ref&gt; Horumar ayaa lagu sameeyay waraabinta iyo beeraha, iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyad cusub sida mishiinka dabaysha. Dalagyada sida lowska/almond iyo miraha sitrus waxaa loo keenay Yurub iyadoo loo marayo al-Andalus, oo beerashada sonkorta ayaa si tartiib-tartiib ah ay ugu ku-daydeen Yurubiyanku. Ganacsatada Carabta waxay maamuleen ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya ilaa imaatinka Boortaqiisku ee qarnigii 16aad. Hormuz wuxuu ahaa xarun muhiim ah oo ganacsigan ah. Waxaa sidoo kale ka jirey shabakad cufan oo waddooyinka ganacsiga ee Badda Dhexe, oo ay waddamada aqlabiyadda Muslimka ah ku ganacsan jireen kesooda iyo awoodaha Yurub sida Venice, Genoa iyo Catalonia (sido kale eeg: Indo-Mediterranean). Jidka Xariirta oo ka tallaabaya Aasiyada Dhexe wuxuu marayay dawlado Islaam ah oo u dhexeya Shiinaha iyo Yurub. Soo-bixidda boqortooyooyinka dhaqaale ee waaweyn oo leh kheyraad tiknoolajiyadeed ka dib qabsashadii Timur (Tamerlane) iyo soo-reenka Timurid Renaissance waxaa ka mid ah Boqortooyada Mali iyo Saltanaddii Bengal gaar ahaan, oo ah qaran ganacsi oo caalami ah oo dunida ku yaal, oo Yurubiyanku ku describe gareeyeen &quot;waddanka ugu hodansan ee lagu ganacsado&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. {{ISBN|978-81-8069-149-2}}. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iinjineerada Muslimiinta ee dunida Islaamka waxay sameeyeen isticmaalo warshadeed oo cusub oo hydropower ah, iyo isticmaalo warshadeed oo hore oo ah tidal power iyo wind power.&lt;ref&gt;Ahmad Y. al-Hassan (1976). Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, pp. 34–35. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.&lt;/ref&gt; Isticmaalka warshadeed ee watermills ee dunida Islaamka wuxuu dib u dhacaa qarnigii 7aad, halka water mills-ka leh giraangiraha jiifa iyo kuwa taagan oo dhan loo adeegsanayay si weyn tan iyo ugu yaraan qarnigii 9aad. Mashiinno warshadeed oo kala duwan ayaa lagu adeegsanayay dunida Islaamka, oo ay ku jiraan fulling mills, gristmills, paper mills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills iyo windmills. Markii ay gaadhay qarnigii 11aad, gobol kasta oo ka mid ah dunida Islaamka wuxuu lahaa mashiinnadan warshadeed oo shaqaynaya, kuwo ka billowda al-Andalus iyo Waqooyiga Afrika ilaa Bariga Dhexe iyo Aasiyada Dhexe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lucas&quot; /&gt; Iinjineerada Muslimiinta waxay sidoo kale alifeen crankshafts iyo water turbines, waxay adeegsadeen gears ee mashiinnada iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada, waxayna hormuud u ahaayeen isticmaalka dam-yada sida il ka mid ah awoodda biyaha, oo loo adeegsaday in lagu siiyo awood dheeraad ah watermills iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan&quot;&gt;Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering&lt;/ref&gt; Horumaradan waxay suurtogal ka dhigeen in shaqooyinka warshadeed oo hore loogu kexayn jiray shaqaale hanto ama gacanta xilliyadii hore ay noqdaan kuwo la mishiineeyay oo lagu kexo mashiinno beddelkeeda dunidii Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe. Wareejinta tiknoolajiyadan oo loo wareejiyay Yurubtii qarniyadii dhexe waxay saameyn ku lahayd Industrial Revolution-ka, gaar ahaan ka soo jeeda proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal iyo Tipu Sultan's Kingdom, iyadoo loo marayo qabsashadii East India Company.

=== Aqsanta ===
[[File:Taj Mahal (Edited).jpeg|thumb|Taj Mahal ee India waxaa loo arkaa masterpiece si caalami ah loo bogsho oo ka tirsan World's Heritage, iyo mid ka mid ah Seven Wonders of the World.]]
{{excerpt|Islamic architecture|only=paragraphs}}

== Saamaynta diimaha kale, iyo Islaamiga ==
{{Main|Islaamiga|Islaamiga waddan ahaan}}
[[File:Mohammed2.jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad iyo Rahibkii Sergius, oo uu sameeyay Lucas van Leyden, 1508 AD. Waxay muujineysaa Halsooreedkii Nabi Muxammad ee ku dhex wareegi jiray Yurub.]]
[[File:La.Vie.de.Mahomet Christies.jpg|thumb|403x403px|Nabi Muxammad oo haysta seef iyo bilal halka uu ku tunto dunida, iskutallaabta, iyo Tobanka Amrood. Waxaa sameeyay Humphrey Prideaux, 1699.]]
[[File:Nuremberg chronicles - Mohammed (CLIv).jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad oo fadhiya dhanka bidix, oo ku sawiran Nuremberg Chronicle, 1440 AD.]]
Haddii dhaqdhaqaaqyada sida Druze,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=De McLaurin |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalroleofm0000unse |title=The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East |publisher=Michigan University Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-03-052596-4 |page=114 |quote=Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles, the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Shireen |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofislami0000unse |title=The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and Unity: Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-253-34549-3 |page=33 |quote=Druze – An offshoot of Shi'ism; its members are not considered Muslims by orthodox Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=R. Williams |first=Victoria |title=Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 volumes] |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-4408-6118-5 |page=318 |quote=As Druze is a nonritualistic religion without requirements to pray, fast, make pilgrimages, or observe days of rest, the Druze are not considered an Islamic people by Sunni Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Berghouata iyo Ha-Mim, ay ka soo baxeen Islaamka ama ay la wadaageen rumayntooda gaarka ah Islaamka, iyo haddii mid kastaa yahay diin gooni ah ama firqad ka mid ah Islaamka waa aragtiyo dood ku jiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=D. Grafton |first=David |title=Piety, Politics, and Power: Lutherans Encountering Islam in the Middle East |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-63087-718-7 |page=14 |quote=In addition, there are several quasi-Muslim sects, in that, although they follow many of the beliefs and practices of orthodox Islam, the majority of Sunnis consider them heretical. These would be the Ahmadiyya, Druze, Ibadi, and the Yazidis.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caqiidada Druze waxay sii kala qaybisay Ismaaciiliyada maadaama ay horumarisay caqiidooyinkeeda gaarka ah, waxayna ugu dambeyntii ka sootagday Ismaaciiliyada iyo Islaamka labadaba; kuwan waxaa ka mid ah rumaynta in Imaamka Al-Xaakim bi-Amr Allaah uu ahaa Ilaah jisoobay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Poonawala |first=Ismail K. |date=July–September 1999 |title=Review: ''The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning'' by Heinz Halm |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_july-september-1999_119_3/page/542 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |publisher=American Oriental Society |volume=119 |issue=3 |page=542 |doi=10.2307/605981 |issn=0003-0279 |jstor=605981 |lccn=12032032 |oclc=47785421}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Bryer | first = David R. W. | title = The Origins of the Druze Religion (Fortsetzung) | journal = Der Islam | year = 1975 | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–262 | doi = 10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | s2cid = 162363556 | url = https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | issn = 1613-0928 | ref = {{harvid|Bryer|1975b}} | url-access = subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yazdânism waxaa loo arkaa isku-dhafan ka mid ah rumaynta dhaladka ee Kurdiida iyo caqiidada Suufiyada Islaamka ee loo soo bandhigay Kurdistan ee Sheekh Cadi ibn Musafir ee qarnigii 12aad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Foltz |first=Richard |title=Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present |date=7 November 2013 |isbn=978-1-78074-307-3 |page=219 |chapter=Two Kurdish Sects: The Yezidis and the Yaresan |publisher=Oneworld Publications |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bábism waxay ka soo bilaabatay Shiicada Isnaashariyada ee martay Siyyid 'Ali Muhammad i-Shirazi al-Bab iyadoo mid ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri Baha'u'llah uu aasaasay Caqiidada Baha'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=House of Justice |first=Universal |title=One Common Faith |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/OCF/ocf-8.html |access-date=1 April 2017 |website=reference.bahai.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yarsanism,&lt;ref name=&quot;Z. Mir-Hosseini 1994, p.267&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mir-Hosseini |first=Z. |date=1994 |title=Inner Truth and Outer History: The Two Worlds of the Ahl-e Haqq of Kurdistan |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1994-04_26_2/page/267 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=26 |pages=267–268}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din-i Ilahi,{{sfnp|Roychoudhury|1941|page=306}} iyo Ali-Illahism&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Layard |first=Austen Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&amp;q=ali%2520illahism&amp;pg=PA216 |title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum |date=2010-08-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108016773 |page=216 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaa loo arkaa kuwo ka sootagay Islaamka. Sikhism, oo uu aasaasay Guru Nanak oo ku sugan Punjab qarnigii 15aad ee dambe, waxaa saameeyay Islaamku.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Elsberg |first=Constance |date=2003 |title=Graceful Women |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |isbn=978-1-57233-214-0 |pages=27–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaleeceynta ==
{{Main|Dhaleeceynta Islaamka}}

{{see also|Dhaleeceynta Muxammad|Dhaleeceynta Qur'aanka}}
[[File:Jacques Courtois - Battle between Christians and Muslims.jpg|thumb|Dagaalkii ka dhex dhacay Muslinka iyo Masiixiyiinta xilligii Dagaalladii Saliibiyada, oo uu sameeyay Jacques Courtois.]]
Dhaleeceynta Islaamku waxay jirtay tan iyo heeraradeedii ugu horreeyay. Dhaleeceyntii hore waxay ka timid qoraayaal Yahuud ah, sida Ibn Kammuna, iyo qoraayaal Masiixi ah, oo kuwo badan oo ka mid ah ay u arkayeen Islaamka bidco Masiixi ah ama nooc sanam-caabudid ah, iyagood inta badan ku fashilayay terms apocalyptic ah.{{sfnp|Fahlbusch et al|2001|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC|page=759}} 759]}} Qoraayaasha Masiixiyiinta ahi waxay dhaleeceeyeen sharraxaadaha laab-lakacsan ee Islaamku ka bixiyo jannada. Qarnigii sagaalaad aqoonyahankii Muslinka ahaa ee Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari wuxuu u dooday sharraxaadda Qur'aanka ee jannada iyadoo sheegaysa in Baybalku sidoo kale tilmaamayso fikradahaas, sida cabbidda khamriga ee jannada dhexdeeda oo ku jirta Injiilka Matayos. Caalimkii Masiixiga ahaa ee qarnigii 4aad Augustine ee Hippo caqiidooyinkiisu waxay keeneen diidmo baahsan oo ku saabsan raaxada jidhka ee nolosha iyo aakhiro dhexdeeda labadaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=Christian Lange |title=Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-50637-3 |pages=18–20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sawirro aflaadaad ah oo ka dhan ah Muxammad, oo ka soo bilaabmay sawirraddii hore ee qarnigii 7aad ee Kaniisadda Ortodokska Bari ee Boqortooyada Bizantiinta,&lt;ref&gt;Reeves, Minou, and P. J. Stewart. 2003. ''Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making''. NYU Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8147-7564-6}}. p. 93–96.&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ka muuqdaan gabayga qarnigii 14aad ee Divine Comedy oo uu qaray Dante Alighieri. Halkan, Muxammad waxaa lagu muujiyay goobta sideedaad ee jahannamada, iyadoo la joogo Cali. Dante ma eedayno Islaamka guud ahaan laakiin wuxuu eedaynayaa Muxammad kala qaybin, maadaama uu aasaasay diin kale Masiixiyadda ka dib.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stone&quot;&gt;Stone, G. 2006. ''Dante's Pluralism and the Islamic Philosophy of Religion''. Springer Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4039-8309-1}}. p. 53–54.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhaleeceynaha kale waxay diiradda saaraan la-dhaqanka shakhsiyaadka ee gudaha waddamada casriga ah ee Muslinku ku badan yahay, oo ay ku jiraan arrimo ku saabsan xuquuqda aadanaha, goorta ay si dhow u la xiriirto fulinta sharciga Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first1=Yohanan|last1=Friedmann|year=2003|title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie/page/n31 18], 35|isbn=978-0-521-02699-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale, isbeddellada dhowaan ee dhaqammada kala duwan ka dib, kartida loo malaynayo inay leeyihiin soo-galootiga Muslinka ah ee Galbeedka si ay u la qabsadaan waa la dhaleeceeyay oo waxaa loo eedeeyay asalka Islaamka kuwo ka mid ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Modood |first=Tariq |url=https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo |title=Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach |date=6 April 2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35515-5 |edition=1st |page=[https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo/page/n43 29] |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugu dambeyntii cilmi-baaris{{what|date=April 2026}} waxay heshay in diindhaqameedka Islaamka oo sarreeya uu la xiriiro xagjirinimada Islaamka oo sarreysa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kamenowski |first1=Maria |last2=Manzoni |first2=Patrik |last3=Haymoz |first3=Sandrine |last4=Isenhardt |first4=Anna |last5=Jacot |first5=Cédric |last6=Baier |first6=Dirk |date=2021-06-17 |title=Religion as an influencing factor of right-wing, left-wing and Islamist extremism. Findings of a Swiss youth study |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=6 |article-number=e0252851 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0252851 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=8211158 |pmid=34138885 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1652851K }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Ilaha ===
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* {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Islam: The Straight Path |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-539600-3 |edition=4th |author-mask=1}}
* {{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |year=2011 |title=What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam |edition=2nd |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-979413-3 |author-mask=1}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20080204031050/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/book_wenkai.html Lay summary]
* {{Cite book |last1=Esposito |first1=John |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsonamerica00yvon |title=Muslims on the Americanization Path? |last2=Haddad |first2=Yvonne Yazbeck |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-513526-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Farah |first=Caesar |title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances |publisher=Barron's Educational Series |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-8120-1853-0 |edition=5th |author-link=Caesar E. Farah}}
* {{Cite book |last=Farah |first=Caesar |url=https://archive.org/details/islambeliefsobse00fara_0 |title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances |publisher=Barron's Educational Series |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7641-2226-2 |edition=7th |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Firestone |first=Reuven |title=Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-512580-1}}
* {{Cite book | last1=Goldschmidt | first1=Arthur Jr. |title=A Concise History of the Middle East |last2=Davidson |first2=Lawrence |publisher=Westview Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8133-4275-7 |edition=8th |url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0008gold |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Griffith |first1=Ruth Marie |author1-link=Ruth Marie Griffith |title=Women and Religion in the African Diaspora: Knowledge, Power, and Performance |last2=Savage |first2=Barbara Dianne |author2-link=Barbara D. Savage |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8018-8370-5}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Haddad |first1=Yvonne Yazbeck |last2=Smith |first2=Jane I. |author-link=Jane Idleman Smith |title=Muslims in the West: Visible and Invisible |place=Walnut Creek, CA |publisher=Altamira |year=2002}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hedayetullah |first=Muhammad |title=Dynamics of Islam: An Exposition |publisher=Trafford Publishing |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-55369-842-5}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last1=Holt |editor-first1=P.M. |editor-last2=Lewis |editor-first2=Bernard |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-521-29136-1 |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=1 |author-link2=Bernard Lewis}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last1=Holt |editor-first1=P.M. |editor-last2=Lambton |editor-first2=Ann K.S. |editor2-link=Ann Lambton |editor-last3=Lewis |editor-first3=Bernard |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-521-29137-8 |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=2}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last1=Holt |editor-first1=P.M. |editor-last2=Lambton |editor-first2=Ann K.S. |editor-last3=Lewis |editor-first3=Bernard |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=1A |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-521-21946-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory00holt_798 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Hourani |first1=Albert |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofarabpeo0122hour_06BYS |title=A History of the Arab Peoples |publisher=Belknap Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-674-01017-8 |author-link=Albert Hourani}}
* {{cite book |title=The Caliphate of Banu Umayyah the first Phase, Ibn Katheer, Taken from Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah |author=Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr |isbn=978-603-500-080-2 |translator=Yoosuf Al-Hajj Ahmad |place=Riyadh |publisher=Maktaba Dar-us-Salam |year=2012}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kobeisy |first=Ahmed Nezar |title=Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the Faith and Helping the People |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-313-32472-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kramer |first=Martin |title=Shi'Ism, Resistance, and Revolution |publisher=Westview Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-8133-0453-3}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-521-77933-3 |edition=2nd}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |title=The Jews of Islam |publisher=Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-7102-0462-2 |author-link=Bernard Lewis}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |title=The Arabs in History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-19-285258-8 |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/middleeastbriefh0000lewi |title=The Middle East |publisher=Scribner |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-684-83280-7 |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islaminhistory00bern |title=Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East |publisher=Open Court Publishing Company |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-8126-9518-2 |edition=2nd |author-mask=1 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/whatwentwrongcl00lewi |title=What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East |publisher=Harper Perennial |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-06-051605-5 |edition=reprint |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/crisisofislam00bern |title=The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror |publisher=Random House, Inc., New York |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8129-6785-2 |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-521-64696-3 |author-link=Wilferd Madelung}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Malik |first1=Jamal |title=Sufism in the West |last2=Hinnells |first2=John R. |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-27408-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Momen |first=Moojan |title=An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-300-03531-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyed Hossein |author-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr |year=2003 |title=The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyed Muhammad |url=https://archive.org/details/ourreligions00shar |title=Our Religions: The Seven World Religions Introduced by Preeminent Scholars from Each Tradition (Chapter 7) |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-06-067700-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nigosian |first=Solomon Alexander |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-253-21627-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Peacock|first=A.C.S.|title=Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia|date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume= |page=|doi= 10.1017/9781108582124|isbn=978-1-108-58212-4|s2cid=211657444}}
* {{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |url=https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-691-11553-5}}
* {{Cite report  |date=October 2009 |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf |access-date=25 May 2020 |ref={{sfnref|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009}} }} [https://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ Overview].
* {{Cite book |last=Rippin |first=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimstheirreli0000ripp |title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-415-21781-1 |edition=2nd |author-link=Andrew Rippin}}
* {{cite book |last=Roychoudhury |first=Makhanlal |year=1941 |title=The Din-i Ilahi, or, The Religion of Akbar |publisher=University of Calcutta |oclc=3312929 |url=https://archive.org/details/diniilahiorthere031361mbp |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{cite journal |last=Serjeant |first=R.B. |date=1978 |title=Sunnah Jami'ah, pacts with the Yathrib Jews, and the Tahrim of Yathrib |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=41 |pages=1–42 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00057761 |s2cid=161485671 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Sachedina |first=Abdulaziz |title=The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-511915-2 |author-link=Abdulaziz Sachedina}}
* {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Jane I. |author-link=Jane Idleman Smith |title=The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-515649-2}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last=Stefon |editor-first=Matt |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ṭabāṭabāʼī |first1=Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn |title=Shi'ite Islam |translator-last=Nasr |translator-first=Seyyed Hossein |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-272-9 |author-link=Allameh Tabatabaei}}
* {{Cite book |last=Teece |first=Geoff |url=https://archive.org/details/islam0000teec_a5d6 |title=Religion in Focus: Islam |publisher=Franklin Watts Ltd |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7496-4796-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Trimingham |first=John Spencer |title=The Sufi Orders in Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-512058-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Colin |title=Islam: the Basics |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-34106-6 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Bryan S. |title=Weber and Islam |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-17458-9 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Waines |first=David |title=An Introduction to Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-53906-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |title=The Formative Period of Islamic Thought |publisher=University Press Edinburgh |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-85224-245-2 |author-link=William Montgomery Watt}}
* {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadprophets00watt |title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-19-881078-0 |edition=New |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Weiss |first=Bernard G. |title=Studies in Islamic Legal Theory |publisher=Brill Academic publishers |year=2002 |isbn=978-90-04-12066-2 |location=Boston |author-link=Bernard G. Weiss}}
{{Refend}}

=== Qaamuusyo iyo encyclopedias ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{harvc |last1=Gardet|first1=L.|last2=Jomier|first2=J.|year=2012|c=Islām |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0387}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Fahlbusch et al|2001}} |editor-last=Fahlbusch |editor-first=Erwin |display-editors=etal |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC}} |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=2001 |isbn=978-90-04-11695-5 |volume=2}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=1913–1936 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor1-last=Houtsma |editor1-first=M.T. |editor1-link=Martijn Theodoor Houtsma |editor2-first=T.W. |editor2-last=Arnold |editor2-link=Thomas Walker Arnold |editor3-first=R. |editor3-last=Basset |editor4-first=R. |editor4-last=Hartmann |edition=1st |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-08265-6 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (1st ed.)|1913–1936}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=2012 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |edition=2nd |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012}}}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|n.d.}} |date=n.d. |url=https://brill.com/view/package/eio?language=en |url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World |series=Macmillan Reference Books |publisher=Thomson-Gale |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofis0001unse |editor-last=Martin |editor-first=Richard C. |isbn=978-0-02-865603-8}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |date=n.d. |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |editor-link=Jane Dammen McAuliffe}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=2 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2002}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=3 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2003}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Salamone |editor-first=Frank |edition=1st |isbn=978-0-415-94180-8 |series=Routledge Encyclopedias of Religion and Society |volume=6 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre00sala |jstor=j.ctt1jd94wq |year=2004}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas |editor-last=Glassé |editor-first=Cyril |series=Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam |isbn=978-0-7591-0190-6 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada |url-access=registration}} {{doi|10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001}} – via Oxford Reference.
* {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |year=2004 |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-975726-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |title=The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=isDgI0-0Ip4C|page=}} |editor-last=Leaman |editor-first=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-32639-1}}
{{Refend}}

== Akhrin dheeraad ah ==
{{Refbegin}}
* Abdul-Haqq, Abdiyah Akbar (1980). ''Sharing Your Faith with a Muslim''. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers. ''N.B''. Presents the genuine doctrines and concepts of Islam and of the Holy Qur'an, and this religion's affinities with Christianity and its Sacred Scriptures, in order to &quot;dialogue&quot; on the basis of what both faiths really teach. {{ISBN|0-87123-553-6}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2008 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |publisher=SAGE; Cato Institute |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |last=Ahmad |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Islam |author-link=Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-first=Ronald |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |pages=256–258 |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n155 |isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4 |lccn=2008009151 |oclc=750831024 |url={{Google books|yxNgXs3TkJYC|plainurl=yes}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Akyol |first=Mustafa |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwithoutextr0000akyo |title=Islam Without Extremes |publisher=W.W. Norton &amp; Company |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-393-07086-6 |edition=1st |author-link=Mustafa Akyol}}
* {{Cite book |last=Arberry |first=A.J. |url=https://archive.org/details/koraninterpreted00ajar |title=The Koran Interpreted: A Translation |publisher=Touchstone |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-684-82507-6 |edition=1st |author-link=A. J. Arberry}}
* Cragg, Kenneth (1975). ''The House of Islam'', in ''The Religious Life of Man Series''. Second ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company 1975. xiii, 145 p. {{ISBN|0-8221-0139-4}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Hafez |first=Sherine |title=An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements |year=2011 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=9780814773055 |url=https://opensquare.nyupress.org/books/9780814790724/}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Muhammad Muhsin |title=Noble Quran |last2=Al-Hilali Khan |last3=Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=1999 |isbn=978-9960-740-79-9 |edition=1st |author-link=Muhammad Muhsin Khan}}
* Khanbaghi, A, (2006). ''The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran''. I. B. Tauris.
* Khavari, Farid A. (1990). ''Oil and Islam: the Ticking Bomb''. First ed. Malibu, Calif.: Roundtable Publications. viii, 277 p., ill. with maps and charts. {{ISBN|0-915677-55-5}}.
* {{Cite book |title=The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-965-224-040-8 |editor-last=Kramer |editor-first=Martin |editor-link=Martin Kramer}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kuban |first=Dogan |title=Muslim Religious Architecture |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=1974 |isbn=978-90-04-03813-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwest00lewi_0 |title=Islam and the West |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-19-509061-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesinconfli0000lewi |title=Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-510283-3 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mubarkpuri |first=Saifur-Rahman |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Prophet |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-59144-071-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Najeebabadi |first=Akbar Shah |title=History of Islam |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-59144-034-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sayilgan |first=Salih |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/god-evil-and-suffering-in-islam/C4C89591ADAAF25F104D517C4F4634B3 |title=God, Evil, and Suffering in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9781009377294}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |url=https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |title=Deciphering the Signs of God: A Phenomenological Approach to Islam |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7914-1982-3 |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422154518/https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schuon |first=Frithjof |title=Understanding Islam |publisher=Allen &amp; Unwin |year=1963 |isbn=978-0941532242 |edition=3rd |author-link=Frithjof Schuon}}
* {{Cite book |last=Stoddard |first=Lothrop |title=The New World of Islam |publisher=Chapman &amp; Hall |year=1922 |url=https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/24107}}
* {{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Benjamin |title=Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith |publisher=Peter Owen Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7206-1038-3 |author-link=Benjamin Walker (author)}}
{{Refend}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam &quot;Islam&quot;]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/index.shtml Religion &amp; Ethics – Islam] Maqaallo hordhac u ah Islaamka oo ka socda BBC

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <id>307795</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:17:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Qoraallada Quduuska ah */</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="279690" sha1="gcyx51zdzasi61p0mzevf8y5gm37fgn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox religion
| native_name        = {{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{transliteration|ar|al-Islām}}
| image              = The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg
| caption            = [[Kacbada]] ee ku taal [[Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Makka]], [[Sacuudi Carabiya]], oo ah [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]]
| type               = 
| main_classification = [[Abrahamic religions|Ibraahimi ah]]
| scripture          = {{Plainlist|
* [[Quraan]]
* Sunnada: [[Xadiis]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The saheeh Sunnah is wahy (Revelation) from Allah |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/77243/the-saheeh-sunnah-is-wahy-(revelation)-from-allah |website=islamqa.info |access-date=15 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tafsiirka: [[Tafsiir]]&lt;ref&gt;Mir, Mustansir. (1995). &quot;Tafsīr&quot;. In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| theology           = [[Tawhid|Hal ilaah aaminsan]]
| law                = [[Shareecada]]
| philosophy         = [[Falsafada Islaamka]]
| area               = [[Islam by country|Adduunka oo dhan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Global Islam&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2011/01/FutureGlobalMuslimPopulation-WebPDF-Feb10.pdf|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=27 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| language           = [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Quraanka]]
| territory          = [[Dunida Islaamka]]
| founder            = [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Maxamed]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Welch |first1=Alford T. |last2=Moussalli |first2=Ahmad S. |last3=Newby |first3=Gordon D. |date=2009 |entry=Muḥammad |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry-url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| founded_date       = {{circa|610 C.D.}}
| founded_place      = [[Jabal al-Nour]]&lt;!-- Beginnings are understood to be where Muhammad is said to have received his first ever revelation, which was inside a cave in this mountain --&gt;
| number_of_followers = {{est.}} 2 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2010–2020&quot; /&gt; {{increase}} (oo si gaar ah loogu yeero [[Muslimiin]], halka si wadajir ah loogu yeero {{transliteration|ar|[[Ummah]]}})
| separations        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ali-Illahism]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&amp;q=ali%2520illahism&amp;pg=PA216|title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum|last=Layard|first=Austen Henry|date=2010-08-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108016773|page=216|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Druze faith]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of American Islam |first=Yvonne |last=Yazbeck Haddad |year=2014 |isbn=9780199862634 |page=142|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Baháʼí Faith]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Van der Vyer |first=J. D. |year=1996 |title=Religious human rights in global perspective: religious perspectives |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |isbn=90-411-0176-4 |page=449 |url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
}}
{{Sidebar with collapsible lists
| name = religion sidebar
| pretitle = Qayb ka mid ah taxane ku saabsan
| pretitlestyle = padding-top:0.8em;
| titlestyle = padding-bottom:0.5em;
| title = [[Diin]]
| listtitlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; font-size:100%;
| centered list titles = yes
| image = [[File:Icon-religion.svg|200px|class=skin-invert]]
| imagestyle = padding-bottom:1em;
| listclass = hlist
| liststyle = padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.25em; font-size: 11px;
| expanded = {{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}
|}

| abovestyle = padding:0.5em 2em 0.5em; display:block; background-color: #efefef;
| above = {{startflatlist}}
* [[Outline of religion|Dulucda]]
* [[Index of religion-related articles|Liisaska]]
* [[:Category:Religion|Qeybta]]
* [[:Category:Indexes of religion topics|Tusaha]]
* [[History of religion|Taariikhda diinta]]
* [[Portal:Religion|Bogga]]
{{endflatlist}}

| list1name = religions
| list1title = Diimaha
| list1titlestyle = padding-top:0.5em;
| list1 = 
{{Sidebar |child |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off
  | heading1 = [[Abrahamic religions|Diimaha Ibraahimiyeed]]
  | content1style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content1 = 
* [[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]]
* [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]
* [[Islam|Islaamka]]
* [[Alawism|Calawiisimka]]
* [[Alevism|Alewiisimka]]
* [[Azalism|Azaliisimka]]/[[Bábism|Baabiisimka]]
* [[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]]
* [[Druze Faith|Diinta Duruusta]]
* [[Mormonism|Mormooniyadda]]
* [[Mandaeism|Mandeiisimka]]
* [[Manichaeism|Maniikiisimka]]
* [[Rastafari|Rastafariyiinta]]
* [[Samaritanism|Samaritaniisimka]]
  | heading2 = [[Iranian religions|Diimaha Iiraaniga]]
  | content2style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content2 = 
* [[Yazidism|Yasiidiisimka]]
* [[Yarsanism|Yarsaniisimka]]
* [[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]]
  | heading3 = [[Indian religions|Diimaha Hindiya]]
  | content3style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content3 = 
* [[Hinduism|Hinduugga]]
* [[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]]
* [[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]]
* [[Sikhism| Sikhiisimka]]
* [[Bon|Yungdrung Bon]]
  | heading4 = [[East Asian religions|Diimaha Bariga Aasiya]]
  | content4style = padding-top:0em;
  | content4 = 
* [[Taoism|Taowaysimka]]
* [[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]]
* [[Shinto|Shinto]]
* [[Tian|Tian]]
* [[Shangdi|Shangdi]]
* [[Hongjun Laozu|Hongjun Laozu]]
}}


| list2name = schools
| list2title = Dugsiyada Fikirka
| list2titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list2 =
* [[Acosmism|Aakosmisimka]]
* [[Agnosticism|Agnostisismka]]
* [[Animism|Animisimka]]
* [[Antireligion|Diin-diidka]]
* [[Apatheism|Apatheisimka]]
* [[Atheism|Aqoonsi la'aanta Ilaah / Ateyismka]]
* [[Creationism|Abuuristaaniyadda]]
* [[Dharma|Dharmismka]]
* [[Deism|Deiisimka]]
* [[Divine command theory|Aragt Dardaaran Ilaahay]]
* [[Dualism in cosmology|Labo-jirnimada]]
* [[Western esotericism|Sir-doonka Reer Galbeedka]]
* [[Elite religion|Diinta dadka sare]]
* [[Exclusivism|Gaar-yeelidda]]
* [[Existentialism|Jiritaaniyadda]]
** [[Atheistic existentialism|ateyste]]
** [[Christian existentialism|masiixi]]
* [[Feminist theology|Falsafada dumarka]]
* [[Fideism|Caqiido-ku-tiirsiga]]
* [[Folk religion|Diinta dadweynaha]]
* [[Fundamentalism|Aasaas-ku-dhagidda]]
* [[Gnosticism|Gnostisismka]]
* [[Henotheism|Henotheiisimka]]
* [[Hermeticism|Hermetiisimka]]
* [[Humanism|Aadmiga-jecleyska]]
** [[Christian humanism|masiixi]]
** [[Religious humanism|diimeed]]
** [[Secular humanism|cilmiyeed]]
* [[Ietsism|Ietsismka]]
* [[Theological noncognitivism|Ignostisismka]]
* [[Inclusivism|Wadajir-yeelidda]]
* [[Kathenotheism|Kathenotheiisimka]]
* [[Lived religion|Diinta la nool yahay]]
* [[Monism|Kow-jirnimada]]
* [[Monotheism|Kkudnimada Alle]]
* [[Mysticism|Suufiyadda / Sir-raadinta]]
* [[Naturalism (philosophy)|Dabiiciyadda]]
** [[Humanistic naturalism|aadmiga]]
** [[Metaphysical naturalism|milyawiga]]
** [[Religious naturalism|diimeed]]
* [[New Age|Cаманkii Cusub]]
* [[Nonduality (spirituality)|Laba-mid-la'aanta]]
* [[Nontheism|Ilaah-la'aanta]]
* [[Omnism|Omnisimka]]
* [[Pandeism|Pandeiisimka]]
* [[Panentheism|Panenteiisimka]]
* [[Pantheism|Panteiisimka]]
* [[Perennial philosophy|Falsafadda weligeed ah]]
* [[Polytheism|Shirkiga / Ilaahyo badan]]
* [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]]
* [[Shendao shejiao|Shendao shejiao]]
* [[Spiritualism (beliefs)|Rux-raadinta]]
* [[Shamanism|Shaamanismka]]
* [[East Asian religions|Taowayga]]
* [[Theism|Ilaah-rumaynta]]
* [[Transcendentalism|Sare-u-kacaaniyadda]]
* [[Transtheism|Transtheiisimka]]
* [[Unitarianism|Mowqifka kow-jirka]]

| list3name = concepts
| list3title = Fikradaha
| list3titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list3 =
* [[Afterlife|Aakhiro]]
* [[Anthropopathism|Sifaadka bini'aadmiga ee Ilaah]]
* [[Apophatic theology|Apophatismka]]
* [[Aseity|Iskii-jitaanshaha]]
* [[Religious belief|Aaminsanaanta Diinta]]
* [[Brahman|Brahman]]
* [[Cataphatic theology|Cataphatismka]]
* [[Cult|Kooxda diimeed]]
* [[Demiurge|Demiurge]]
* [[Divine simplicity|Fududeynta Ilaahay]]
* [[Eschatology|Qiyaamaha iyo Aakhiro]]
* [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|Iftiintinka]]
* [[Eternity#God and eternity|Weligiis-jitaanshaha]]
* [[Euthyphro dilemma|Muran-weydiintii Euthyphro]]
* [[Existence of God|Jiritaanka Ilaahay]]
* [[Faith|Iimaan]]
* [[Form of the Good|Qaabka Wanaagga]]
* [[Gender of God|Jinsiga Ilaahay]]
* [[Gnosis|Gnosis]]
* [[Holy Spirit|Ruuxa Quduuska ah]]
* [[Intelligent design|Naqshadda caqli-gal ah]]
* [[Moksha|Xorreynta]]
* [[Misotheism|Ilaah-nacaybka]]
* [[Miracle|Mucjiso]]
* [[Names of God|Magacyada Ilaahay]]
* [[New religious movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa diimeed ee cusub]]
* [[Omnibenevolence|Naxariista-buuxda]]
* [[Omnipotence|Awoodda-oo-dhan]]
* [[Omnipresence|Meel-kasta-joogidda]]
* [[Omniscience|Cilmiga-oo-dhan]]
* [[Pandeism|Pandeistiga]]
* [[Personal god|Ilaah shakhsi ah]]
* [[Prayer|Dugsi / Baryo]]
* [[Problem of evil|Dhibaatada xumaanta]]
* [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]]
* [[Belief#Religion|Aaminsanaanta diimeed]]
* [[Problem of religious language|Luqadda diinta]]
* [[Reincarnation|Soo-noqoshada nolosha (Reincarnation)]]
* [[Faith|Iimaanka diimeed]]
* [[Revelation|Waxyi]]
* [[Religious text|Qoraallada diinta]]
* [[Soul|Nafta]]
* [[Summum bonum|Wanaagga ugu sarreeya]]
* [[Tawhid|Kkudnimada Alle]]
* [[Theological veto|Diidmada diinta]]
* [[Transcendence (religion)|Sare-u-baxa diimeed]]
* [[Trinity|Saddex-midnimada]]
* [[Creator deity|Ugu sarreeyaha / Abuuraha]]
* [[Unmoved mover|Dhaqaajiye aan la dhaqaajin]]
* [[Vitalism|Ruuxda nolosha]]
* [[Worship|Caabudaad]]

| list4name = figures
| list4title = Hoggaamiyeyaasha Aasaasaya
| list4titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list4=
*[[Ciise]] ([[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]])
*[[Maxamed]] ([[Islam|Islaamka]])
*[[Ibraahim]] ([[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]])
*[[Siddhartha Gautama]] ([[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]])
*[[Guru Nanak]] ([[Sikhism|Sikhiisimka]])
*[[Mahavira]] ([[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]])
*[[Zoroaster]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]])
*[[Hamza ibn Ali]] ([[Druze|Duruusta]])
*[[Laozi]] ([[Taoism|Taowayga]])
*[[Confucius]] ([[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]])
* [[Baháʼu'lláh]] ([[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]])

| belowclass = plainlist
| belowstyle = text-align:center;font-weight:normal; padding:1em 1em 1em;
| below = 
Kani waa [[:Category:Philosophy and thinking sidebar templates|farac]] ka mid ah [[philosophy|falsafadda]]. Si aad u baarto mowduucyada la xiriira, fadlan booqo [[:Category:Religion_and_belief_navigational_boxes|hage-tusaha]].

}}
'''Islaamku'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|ɑː|m|,_|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|æ|m}} {{respell|IZ|la(h)m}};&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Cambridge Dictionaries |Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام|al-Islām}}|al-Islām}}, {{IPA|ar|alʔisˈlaːm|IPA}}, {{lit|hordhaca [ee la xiriira [[ogaanshaha doonista Ilaahay]]]}}}} waa diin [[Abrahamic|Ibraahimi ah]] oo ku saleysan [[Quraan|Quraanka]] iyo [[Sunnah|barashada]] [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Nabi Maxamed]]. Diintan [[monotheistic|kelinimada Alle]] waxay leedahay qiyaastii [[Islam by country|2 bilyan oo raacsan adduunka oo dhan]], oo lagu magacaabo [[Muslims|Muslimiin]]. Islaamku waa [[Major religious groups|diinta labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka]], marka laga reebo [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin inay jirto [[Fitra|iimaan asal ah]] oo la soo waxyooday marar badan iyadoo la sii marinayo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|rusul iyo nabiyo hore]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], waxayna rumeysan yihiin in Islaamku yahay nooca caalamiga ah ee dhameystiran ee [[faith|iimaankan]]. 
[[File:Birmingham Quran manuscript full.jpg|thumb|Labo [[Folio|bog]] oo ka mid ah [[Birmingham Quran manuscript|Qoraalka Gacanta ee Quraanka ee Birmingham]], oo lagu qoray [[Hijazi script|xarfaha Xijaasiga]] ee [[parchment|harag]] taariikhdiisu tahay int u dhaxaysa 568–645 C.D., iyadoo ku beegan xilligii nolosha Maxamed.]]
Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan Quraanka inuu yahay hadalka dhabta ah ee [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] iyo waxyigii ugu dambeeyay ee aan wax laga beddelin. Dhinaca Quraanka, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale rumeysan yihiin [[Islamic holy books|kutubtii hore ee la soo waxyooday]], sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]), ''[[Psalms in Islam|Sabuur]]'' ([[Psalms]]), iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel]]). Waxay rumeysan yihiin in [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] yahay [[Seal of the Prophets|nabiga ugu weyn uguna dambeeya]] ee [[God|Ilaahay]], kaasoo diinta la soo dhameystiray, oo aan ka dib imanayn nabigii cusub ama sharcigii samada ahayn. Barashada iyo tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee Maxamed, oo loogu yeero [[Sunnah]], oo lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin loogu yeero [[Hadith|Xadiis]], ayaa bixiya tusaale dastuuri ah oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Islaamku wuxuu ku saleysan yahay rumaysashada kow-nimada iyo kelinimada Ilaahay ({{Transliteration|ar|[[tawhid]]}}), iyo rumaysashada [[afterlife|aakhiro]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[akhirah]]}}) oo ay ku jirto [[Judgement Day in Islam|Maalinta Qiyaame]]—halkaas oo kuwa suubban lagu abaalmarin doono jannada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jannah]]}}) kuwa xunneydna lagu ciqaabi doono naarta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jahannam]]}}). [[Five Pillars of Islam|Shanta Arкан ee Islaamka]], oo loo arko inay yihiin cibaadooyin [[Fard|waajib ah]], waa shahaadada diinta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[shahada]]}}), salaadaha maalinlaha ah ({{Transliteration|ar|[[salah]]}}), sakada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[zakat]]}}), soonka bisha [[Ramadan]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sawm]]}}), iyo [[pilgrimage|xajka]] loo aado [[Mecca|Makka]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[hajj]]}}). Sharciga Islaamka ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sharia]]}}), wuxuu taabanayaa ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha, laga bilaabo [[Islamic banking and finance|bangiyada iyo maaliyadda]] iyo [[Zakat|gar-gaarka]] ilaa [[Gender roles in Islam|doorka ragga]] iyo [[Women in Islam|doorka dumarka]] iyo [[Islamic ethics#Environmentalism|deegaanka]]. Labada [[Islamic holidays|ci둡 diimeed]] ee ugu waaweyn waa Ciidul Fitri iyo Ciidul Adxa. Saddexda [[holiest sites in Islam|goobood ee ugu barakeysan]] waa [[Masjid al-Haram|Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], iyo [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]].

Islaamku wuxuu ka soo aasaasay Makka qiyaastii 610 C.D. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in tani ay tahay xilligii [[Muhammad's first revelation|Maxamed uu helay waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]]. Waqtigii uu geeriyooday, inta badan [[Arabian Peninsula|Jaziiradda Carabta]] way [[Conversion to Islam|isu rogtay Islaamka]]. Islaamku wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu fiday wixii ka dambeeyay Carabta iyadoo hoos imaneysa [[Rashidun Caliphate|Khulaafadii Raashidiyiinta]] iyo [[Umayyad Caliphate|Khulaafadii Umawiyiinta]]. Labada [[Islamic schools and branches|laamood ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka]] waa [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]] (87–90%) iyo [[Shia Islam|Shiicada]] (10–13%).{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. &quot;Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.&quot;}} Muslimiinta Sunniga iyo Shiicada ah ayaa wada noqda ku dhawaad ​​guud ahaan dadweynaha Muslimka ah ee adduunka, iyadoo qiyaasuhu ka bilaabmaan qiyaastii 1.7–1.8 bilyan oo Sunni ah ilaa 285–300 milyan oo Shiico ah adduunka oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2009-10-07|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Shia Muslim Population – Islamic Research and Information Center (IRIC)|url=https://iric.org/world-shia-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project on Shi’ism and Global Affairs|url=https://shiism.hds.harvard.edu/|url-status=live|website=Harvard University}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkasta oo [[Shia–Sunni relations|khilaafka Shiicada iyo Sunniga]] uu asal ahaan ka soo bilowday is-afgaranwaa ku saabsan [[succession to Muhammad|dhaxalkii Maxamed]], waxay kor u qaadeen cabbir ballaaran, labada [[Schools of Islamic theology|dhinaca caqiidada]] iyo [[Fiqh|fiqhigaa]]. Ururinta xadiiska suuban ee Sunniga waxay ka kooban tahay [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Kitaab]], halka ururinta xadiiska Shiicada ay ka kooban tahay [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]]. Muslimiintu waxay ka yihiin inta badan dadweynaha 53 dal.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2010–2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=June 9, 2025 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}

*{{cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett |author2=Marcin Stonawski |author3=Yunping Tong |author4=Stephanie Kramer |author5=Anne Shi |author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf |access-date=2025-06-10 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaastii 12% Muslimiinta adduunka waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in Indonesia|Indoonisiya]], oo ah dalka ugu dadka badan ee Muslimiinta ah; {{#expr: 100 * 480/1570 round 0}}% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in South Asia|Kooniyada Aasiya]]; 20% waxay ku nool yihiin [[MENA#Religion|Bariga Dhexe iyo Waqooyiga Afrika]]; iyo 15% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa|Afrika ka hooseysa Saharada]]. Muslimiinta sidoo kale waxaa laga helaa [[Islam in the Americas|Ameerikaanka]], [[Islam in China|Shiinaha]], iyo [[Islam in Europe|Yurub]]. Muslimiintu waa [[Muslim population growth|kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraysa adduunka]], taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay [[fertility rate| heerka dhalmada oo sarreeya]] iyo qaab-dhismeedka da'da yar marka loo eego diimaha diimaha kale ee waaweyn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lipka |first=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=2017-04-06 |title=Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2026-09-01 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka waxaa la saadaalinayaa inuu noqdo diinta ugu weyn adduunka dhammaadka qarniga 21-aad, isagoo ka sarre marinaya Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=April 6, 2017 |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2015&quot;&gt;{{cite report |author=[[Pew Forum|The Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life]] |title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211090450/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-date=2020-12-11 |date=2015-04-02 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--Do NOT add citations to the lead, except for material likely to be challenged, per [[MOS:LEADCITE]] ([[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section#Citations)]]. Move unneeded citations to the body.--&gt;

== Asalka ereyga{{anchor|Etymology}}&lt;!-- Linked from many articles. If changing the section title, please let this anchor remain unchanged  --&gt;==
{{See also|Muslims#Etymology}}
Luqadda Carabiga, ''Islaam'' ({{langx|ar|إسلام|lit=hordhaca [ee la xiriira Ilaahay]}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Definition of Islam {{!}} Dictionary.com |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.dictionary.com |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509110220/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Haywood |first=John |title=Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (AD 600 - 1492) |publisher=Barnes &amp; Noble, Inc. |year=2002 |isbn=0-7607-1975-6 |edition=1st |location=Spain |pages=3.13 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waa magaca fal-galeedka [[wikt:أسلم#Arabic|Foomka IV]] ee ka soo jeeda falka {{lang|ar|سلم}} ({{transliteration|ar|salama}}), ka soo jeeda [[Semitic root|xididka saddex-xarafle ah]] {{lang|ar|س-ل-م}} ({{transliteration|ar|[[Š-L-M|S-L-M]]}}), kaas oo sameeya fasal weyn oo erayo ah oo badankood la xiriira fikradaha dhiibin-hoosaadka, badbaadada, iyo nabadgelyada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lane-Lexicon-4&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Lane |first=Edward William |author-link=Edward William Lane |title=An Arabic-English Lexicon |volume=4 |chapter=Siin |url=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907230044/http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-date=2011-09-07 |via=[[The Study Quran|StudyQuran]] |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Macnaha diimeed, waxay tilmaamaysaa u dhiibashada buuxda ee doonista [[God|Ilaahay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Barnard |last2=Churchill |first2=Buntzie Ellis |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi |title=Islam: The Religion and The People |publisher=Wharton School Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-13-223085-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi/page/8 8]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ereyga ''[[Muslims|Muslim]]'' ({{lang|ar|مُسْلِم}}), oo ah erayga loogu talagalay qofka raaca Islaamka,&lt;ref name=&quot;Lexico-Muslim&quot;&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=Muslim |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913192608/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-date=2019-09-13 |dictionary=[[Lexico]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2020 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en-GB }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |date=20190913192608 }}&lt;/ref&gt; waa [[Participle|falka firfircoon]] ee isla nooca falka, oo macneheedu yahay &quot;dhiibtiye (Ilaahay)&quot; ama &quot;qof u hoggaansamaya (Ilaahay)&quot;. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khabiirka [[Quranic studies|barashada Quraanka]] [[Mohsen Goudarzi]] wuxuu ku dooday in Quraanka ereyga ''[[dīn]]'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;[[worship|cibaado]]&quot;, ''islām'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;[[monotheism|kwdnimada]]&quot; iyo ''muslim'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;muwaahid / qof kelinimada Alle rumeeyay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Goudarzi |first=Mohsen |date=2023-08-01 |title=Worship (dīn), Monotheism (islām), and the Qurʾān's Cultic Decalogue |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006/html |journal=Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=30–71 |doi=10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006 |issn=2474-8420|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gudaha [[Hadith of Gabriel|Xadiiska Jibriil]], ''Islaam'' waxaa lagu soo bandhigay inuu yahay hal qayb oo ka mid ah saddaxleey oo ay ku jirto {{transliteration|ar|[[Iman (Islam)|imān]]}} (iimaan), iyo {{transliteration|ar|[[Ihsan|ihsān]]}} (fududeyn / ixsaan).{{sfnp|Esposito|2000|pp=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76 76–77]}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mahmutćehajić |first=Rusmir |url=https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm |title=The mosque: the heart of submission |publisher=[[Fordham University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8232-2584-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm/page/n104 84] |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka laftiisa ayaa taariikh ahaan loogu yeeri jiray [[Mohammedan|''Mohammedanism'' (Maxamediyad)]] gudaha [[English-speaking world|dunida Ingiriiska ku hadasha]]. Eraygan wuxuu ka baxay isticmaalka waxaana mararka qaarkood la sheegaa inuu yahay [[Religious offence|dhaawac diimeed]], maadaama uu tilmaamayo in bini'aadam, halkii uu ka noqon lahaa Ilaahay, uu yahay kan udub-dhexaadka u ah diinta Muslimiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| last = Gibb| first = Sir Hamilton| title = Mohammedanism: an historical survey|isbn=9780195002454| year = 1969| page=1 | quote=Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiirarka iimaanka ==
{{Main|Aqidah|Iman (Islam)|l2 = Iman}}

[[caqiidada]] Islaamku (''[[aqidah]]'') waxay u baahan tahay rumaysashada lix tiir: Ilaahay, malaa'igta, waxyiga, nabiyada, [[Day of Resurrection|Maalinta Qiyaamaha]], iyo qadarinta masiirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality|publisher=New World Library|pages=68–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&amp;pg=PA68|editor-first=Joel|editor-last=Beversluis|year=2011|isbn=9781577313328|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022948/https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&amp;pg=PA68#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilaahay ===
[[File:Istanbul,_Hagia_Sophia,_Allah.jpg|thumb|[[calligraphy|Qoraal gacmeedka]] qarnigii 19-aad oo muujinaya magaca [[Allah|Alle]] ee ku yaal [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]]
{{Main|God in Islam}}

Fikradda udub-dhexaadka u ah Islaamka waa ''[[Tawhid|tawḥīd]]'' ({{langx|ar|توحيد|link=no}}), oo ah kelinimada Ilaahay. Badanaa waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay ''monotheism sax ah'', laakiin sidoo kale waa [[panentheism|panentheistic]] ku dhex leh barashada suufiga Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |title=Tawhid |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107041300/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Gimaret|first=D.|year=2012|c=Tawḥīd |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7454}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ilaahay waxaa loo arkaa mid aan la barbar dhigi karin oo aan lahayn tiro dad ah sida ku jirta [[Christian Trinity|Saddex-midnimada Masiixiga]], oo tiro u nisbeynta Ilaahay ama sifooyinka Ilaahay oo loo nisbeeyo dad kale waxaa loo arkaa shirk, oo lagu magacaabo [[Shirk (Islam)|''shirk'']]. Sidaas darteed, Muslimiintu ma aha [[iconodule]]s mana u nisbeeyaan qaabab Ilaahay. Ilaahay halkaas waxaa lagu sifeeyaa oo loogu yeeraa dhowr [[Names of God in Islam|magac ama sifooyin]], kan ugu caansan waa ''Ar-Rahmān'' ({{lang|ar|الرحمان}}) oo macneheedu yahay &quot;Naxariis-guud&quot;, iyo ''Ar-Rahīm'' ({{lang|ar|الرحيم}}) oo macneheedu yahay &quot;Naxariis-gaar ah&quot; kuwaas oo laga baryo bilowga inta badan Suuradaha Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Kecia |title=Islam : the key concepts |date=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |last2=Leaman |first2=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-39638-7 |location=London |oclc=123136939}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Campo|2009|p=34|loc=&quot;Allah&quot;}} Magaca tooska ah ee Carabiga ee Ilaahay, ''[[Allāh]]'' (الله), oo ah eray aan lahayn [[plural|wadar]] ama [[gender|jinsi]], ayaa sidoo kale si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa luqadaha kale ee Muslimiinta iyo Masiixiyiinta iyo Yuhuuda Carabiga ku hadla si ay ugu tixraacaan Ilaahay, halka ''{{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[ʾilāh]]}}'' ({{lang|ar|إله}}) uu yahay eray loo isticmaalo ilaah ama ilaah guud ahaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=God |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |access-date=18 December 2010 |website=Islam: Empire of Faith |publisher=[[PBS]] |archive-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034958/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in abuurista wax kasta oo ku jira [[universe|caalamka]] la keenay iyada oo la raacayo amarka Ilaahay sida lagu muujiyay erayada, &quot;[[Be, and it is|Aabo, oo wuu noqdaa]],&quot;&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|2|117|b=yl}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo in [[Meaning of life|ujeeddada jiritaanka]] ay tahay in la caabudo Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;Leeming, David. 2005. ''The Oxford Companion to World Mythology''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-195-15669-0}}. p. 209.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo arkaa ilaah shakhsi ah oo wax dhexdhexaadin ah, sida [[clergy|wadaaddada]], looma baahna si loo gaaro xiriir lala yeesho Ilaahay. Wacyigelinta Ilaahay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[taqwa]].

=== Qoraallada Quduuska ah ===
{{Main|Kutubta quduuska ah ee Islaamka | Qur'aanka|Wahy}}

{{See also|Taariikhda Qur'aanka}}[[File:Birmingham Quran manuscript full.jpg|thumb|Labo bogos oo ka mid ah qoraal-gacmeedka Quraanka Birmingham, oo lagu qoray farta Xijaasiga ah ee maqaarka xoolaha taariikhdooduna ay ku beegantahay 568–645 C.D., oo ku beegan xilligii Nabi Maxamed noolaa.]]
Qoraalka quduska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa Quraanka. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka ay Alle u soo waxyooday Nabi Maxamed, oo uu u soo wakiishay malagii Jibriil, marar badan intii u dhaxaysay 610 C.D.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo 632, oo ah sannadkii uu geeriyooday Nabi Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu noolaa Nabi Maxamed, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray saxaradiisa, inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee loo gudbin jiray uu ahaa afka oo lagu barto xifdi ahaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=Asian Music |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 114 suuradood oo ay ku jiraan wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood. Suuradaha hore ee soo degay, ee ku soo degay Maka, waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha diiniga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee Madiina ay ka hadlayaan arrimaha bulshada iyo sharciga ah ee khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah.[[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal-gacmeed Quraan ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran rihaal, kaas oo ah taageerada buugga ee qoraalka quduska ah, oo lagu hayo Matxafka Reza Abbasi ee ku yaalla Tehraan, Iran.]]
Sharci-yaqaanada Islaamku waxay la tashadaan Xadiiska, ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Nabi Maxamed, si ay u kaalmeeyaan Quraanka una caawiyaan fasiraadiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka Quraanka iyo tafsiirka waxaa loo yaqaanaa tafsiir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimaddiisa diiniga ah, Quraanka waxaa si weyn loogu tixgeliyaa inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican ee suugaanta Carabiga,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=Charles E. Tuttle Company|year=1994|page=1|title=The Koran|quote=&quot;Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence.&quot;|isbn=1842126091}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=Allen &amp; Unwin|year=1956|quote=&quot;It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.&quot;|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo afka Carabiga.&lt;ref&gt;Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. &quot;Literature and the Quran.&quot; In ''Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an'' 3. pp. 213, 216.&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Alle uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo waxyi, oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda dhexdeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah qoraalladii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida Tawraat (Tawraad) iyo Injiil (Injiil), ay noqdeen kuwo la leexiyay—ha ahaato dhinaca fasiraadda, qoraalka, ama labadaba,&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Peters|2003|p=9&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot;&gt;{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Hava Lazarus-Yafeh}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Quraanku (Akhris) loo arko erayga ugu dambeeya ee Alle oo aan wax beddel ah lahayn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringgren&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription}} &quot;The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are two different theories about this term and its formation.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}}


=== Malaa'igta ===
[[File:Rashid al-Din Tabib - Jami al-Tawarikh, f.45v detail - c. 1306-15.png|thumb|Maxamed oo helaya [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] oo uga imaanaya malaa'igta [[Gabriel]], oo ka socda qoraal gacmeedka [[Jami' al-tawarikh|Jami' al-Tawarikh]] ee uu qoray [[Rashid al-Din Hamadani|Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]], lagu daabacay [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]], 1307 C.D.]]
{{Main|Angels in Islam}}

Malaa'igta (keligood: {{langx|ar|ملك|link=no}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|malak}}'') waa makhluuqaad lagu sifeeyay Quraanka{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=23}} iyo xadiiska.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay u abuuran yihiin inay caabudaan Ilaahay iyo inay sidoo kale ka shaqeeyaan waajibaadyo kale oo gaar ah sida gudbinta [[revelation|waxyiga]] ee ka yimid Ilaahay, diiwaangelinta ficilada qof kasta, iyo qaadashada [[soul|nafta]] qofka waqtiga dhimashada. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay si kala duwan uga abuurmeen 'iftiin' ([[Nūr (Islam)|''nūr'']])&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia-Nur&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nūr |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423085030/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-date=2022-04-23 |encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |via=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |language=en |access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last1=Hartner, W.|last2=Tj Boer |year=2012 |c=Nūr |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0874}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Elias |first=Jamal J. |year=2003|c=Light |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00261}}&lt;/ref&gt; ama 'dab' (''nār'').&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Campo |first=Juan E. |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nar |c=Nar |in=Martin |year=2004}}. – via [[Encyclopedia.com]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last=Fahd, T. |year=2012 |c=Nār |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0846}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Toelle |first=Heidi |year=2002 |c=Fire |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00156}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|McAuliffe|2003|p=45}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malaa'igta Islaamka waxaa badanaa lagu matalaa [[Anthropomorphism|qaabab bini'aadamnimo]] oo ay ku jiraan sawirro [[supernatural|cajiib ah]], sida baalal, oo ah kuwa aad u waaweyn ama xidhan dhar janno.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|pp=97–99}}&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=26–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Webb |first=Gisela |c=Angel |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last1=MacDonald, D. B.|last2=Madelung, W. |year=2012 |c=Malāʾika |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}}{{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0642}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sifooyinka caadiga ah ee malaa'igta waxaa ka mid ah inaysan lahayn baahiyo jir iyo rabitaanno, sida cunidda iyo cabidda.{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|p=140}} Qaarkood, sida [[Gabriel|Jibriil]] iyo [[Michael (archangel)|Miikaa'il]], ayaa magacyadooda lagu xusay Quraanka. Malaa'igtu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan suugaanta ku saabsan [[Isra and Mi'raj|Mi'raajka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu kula kulmo dhowr malaa'igood intii uu ku jirsaday safarkiisa samada.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Malaa'ig dheeraad ah ayaa badanaa lagu muujiyay [[Islamic eschatology|qiyaamaha]], [[Kalam|cilmiga kalaamka]] iyo [[Islamic philosophy|falsafada Islaamka]].{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=22}}

=== Kitaabyada ===
[[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal gacmeed [[Quran|Quraan]] ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran [[Rehal (book rest)|rehal]], oo ah kursiga kitaabka qudduuska ah, oo lagu hayo [[Reza Abbasi Museum]] ee [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].]]
{{Main|Islamic holy books|Quran|Wahy}}

{{See also|History of the Quran}}
Kitaabka quduuska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa [[Quran|Quraanka]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka uu Maxamed u soo waxyooday Ilaahay, iyada oo la sii marinayo [[archangel|malaa'igta]] Jibriil, marar badan inta u dhaxaysa 610 C.D.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022949/https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo 632, sanadkii uu geeriyooday Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu Maxamed noolaa, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray [[Muhammad's companions|saxaabtiisa]], inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee gudbinta uu ahaa af ahaan iyada oo la adeegsanayo [[Hafiz (Quran)|xifdinta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=[[Society for Asian Music|Asian Music]] |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu u qaybsamaa 114 suuradood (''[[sūrah]]'') oo ka kooban wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood (''[[ayah|āyāt]]''). Suuradaha hore ee taariikh ahaan, ee lagaga soo waxyooday [[Mecca|Makka]], waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha ruuxiga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee [[Medina|Madiina]] ay ka hadlaan arrimo bulsho iyo sharci oo khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah. Qareennada Muslimiintu waxay la tashadaan xadiiska ('warka'), ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Maxamed, si ay labadaba u taageeraan Quraanka oo ay uga caawiyaan tafsiirkiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka iyo tafsiirka Quraanka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[tafsir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019035210/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimadiisa diimeed, Quraanka waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay si weyn inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican [[Arabic literature|suugaanta Carabiga]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=[[Charles E. Tuttle Company]]|year=1994|page=1|title=The Koran|quote=&quot;Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence.&quot;|isbn=1842126091}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=[[Allen &amp; Unwin]]|year=1956|quote=&quot;It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.&quot;|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo luqadda Carabiga.&lt;ref&gt;Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. &quot;Literature and the Quran.&quot; In ''[[Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān|Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an]]'' 3. pp. 213, 216.&lt;/ref&gt;

Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Ilaahay uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo ''[[wahy]]'', oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah kitaabadii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]) iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel in Islam|Injiil]]), ay noqdeen kuwo [[tahrif|la leexiyay]]—ha ahaato tafsiirka, qoraalka, ama labadaba,&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Peters|2003|p=9&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot;&gt;{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=[[Hava Lazarus-Yafeh]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Quraanka ({{Lit|Akhrinta}}) loo arko hadalka ugu dambeeya, ee dhabta ah ee aan wax laga beddelin ee Ilaahay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringgren&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505001543/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487666/Quran |url-status=live }} &quot;The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are [[Quran#Etymology and meaning|two different theories]] about this term and its formation.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}}

=== Nabiyada ===
{{Main|Prophets and messengers in Islam|Sunnah|Hadith}}

[[File:Medieval Persian manuscript Muhammad leads Abraham Moses Jesus.jpg|thumb|[[Persian miniature|Miniakiyada Faarisiga]] ee qarnigii 15-aad oo muujinaysa [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] oo hoggaaminaya [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] iyo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|nabiyo kale]] salaadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BnF. Département des Manuscrits. Supplément turc 190 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |access-date=7 September 2023 |archive-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909130407/https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Nabiyada (Carabi: {{langx|ar|أنبياء|label=none|translit=anbiyāʾ}}) waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay doorteen Ilaahay si ay u wacdhiyaan fariin ilaahi ah. Qaar ka mid ah nabiyadan ayaa sidoo kale keena kitaab cusub waxaana loogu yeeraa &quot;rasuul&quot; ({{langx|ar| رسول&amp;lrm;|label=none|translit=rasūl}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=225}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in nabiyadu ay yihiin bini'aadam oo aan ahayn ilaahyo. Dhammaan nabiyadu waxaa la sheegaa inay wacdiyiyeen fariintii asaasiga ahayd ee Islaamka - u dhiibashada doonista Ilaahay - oo ay u direen quruumihii hore, tan ayaana la sheegay inay sabab u tahay isku mid ahaanshaha badan ee u dhexeeya diimaha. Quraanku wuxuu sheegayaa magacyada tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaadka loo tixgeliyo [[prophets in Islam|nabiyada Islaamka]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[David in Islam|Daa'uud]] iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], iyo kuwo kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schimmel&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |title=Islam |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504201633/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295507/Islam |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reeves |first=J. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |title=Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in scriptural intertextuality |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=90-04-12726-7 |location=[[Leiden]] |page=177 |access-date=21 August 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sheekooyinka la xiriira nabiyada ee ka baxsan xisaabaadka Quraanka waxaa lagu ururiyaa oo lagu baaraa ''[[Qisas Al-Anbiya|Qisas al-Anbiya]]'' (Sheekooyinka Nabiyada).

Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in Ilaahay uu soo diray Maxamed inuu noqdo nabiga ugu dambeeya (&quot;[[Seal of the prophets|khaatumul anbiyo]]&quot;) si uu u gaarsiiyo fariinta dhameystiran ee Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Esposito-Islam&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Esposito |first=John L. |author-link=John Esposito |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Islam |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110124812/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |quote=Profession of Faith...affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of Allah, the last and final prophet. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters-Allah&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Peters |first=F. E. |author-link=Francis Edward Peters |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Allāh |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926053837/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |quote=[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.' |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka dhexdiisa, tusaalaha &quot;caadiga ah&quot; ee nolosha Maxamed waxaa lagu magacaabaa ''[[sunnah]]'' (oo macneheedu yahay &quot;jidka la maray&quot;). Muslimiinta waxaa lagu dhiirrigelinayaa inay ku daydaan dabeecadaha akhlaaqda ee Maxamed noloshooda maalinlaha ah, sunnadana waxaa loo arkaa mid muhiim u ah hagidda tafsiirka Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Martin|2004|p=666}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Hadith|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=J. Robson}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Sunna|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=D.W. Brown}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Goldman |first=Elizabeth |title=Believers: Spiritual Leaders of the World |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-508240-1 |location=Oxford |page=63}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tusaalahan waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa dhaqamo loo yaqaan xadiis, oo ah xisaabaadka erayadiisa, ficilladiisa, iyo sifooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed. [[Hadith qudsi|Xadiiska Qudsi]] waa qayb hoose oo ka tirsan xadiiska, oo loo arko inuu yahay erayada dhabta ah ee Ilaahay ee uu soo xigtay Maxamed oo aan ahayn qayb ka tirsan Quraanka. Xadiisku wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba shay: silsiladda sheekeeyayaasha, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies#Traditional importance of the sanad|''sanad'']], iyo ereyada dhabta ah, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies|''matn'']]. Waxaa jira habab kala duwan oo lagu kala saaro xaqiiqda xadiisyada, iyadoo cabbirka darajada ee badanaa la isticmaalo uu yahay &quot;saxiix&quot; ama &quot;sax ah&quot; ({{langx|ar|صحيح|links=no|translit=[[Authentic hadith|ṣaḥīḥ]]|label=none}}); &quot;xasan&quot; ({{langx|ar|حسن|links=no|label=none|translit=[[Hasan (hadith)|ḥasan]]}}); ama &quot;daciif&quot; ({{langx|ar|ضعيف|label=none|translit=[[Da'if|ḍaʻīf]]}}), iyo kuwo kale. [[Kutub al-Sittah]] waa ururinta lix kitaab, oo loo arko inay yihiin warbixinnada ugu suuban ee [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]]. Waxaa ka mid ah [[Sahih al-Bukhari]], oo ay Sunnidu badanaa u arkaan mid ka mid ah [[Hadith terminology#Terminology relating to the authenticity of a hadith|ilaha ugu suuban]] ka dib Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;[[Aisha Abd al-Rahman|al-Rahman, Aisha Abd]], ed. 1990. [[Introduction to the Science of Hadith|Muqaddimah Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ]]. Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1990. pp. 160–69&lt;/ref&gt; Il kale oo caan ka ah xadiisyada waa [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]], oo ay Shiicadu u arkaan tixraaca xadiiska ee ugu suuban.&lt;ref name=&quot;Awliyai-Four-Books&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Awliya'i |first=Mustafa |title=Outlines of the Development of the Science of Hadith |volume=1 |chapter=The Four Books |url=https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144702/https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-date=2017-09-12 |translator-last=Qara'i |translator-first=A. Q. |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rizvi-Four-Books&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Rizvi |first=Sayyid Sa'eed Akhtar |author-link=Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi |title=The Qur'an and Hadith |location=Tanzania |publisher=Bilal Muslim Mission |chapter=The Hadith §The Four Books (Al-Kutubu'l-Arb'ah) |url=https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912191319/https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-date=2017-09-12 |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Soo-noqoshada iyo xukunka ===
[[File:Chester Beatty T 414 fol 129r Muhammad al-Mehdi.png|thumb|Matxaf qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Maxamed al-Mahdi]]. [[Mahdi|Mahdiga]] waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu soo muuqan doono ka hor [[Eschatology|Waqtiga Dhamaadka]] si uu u soo celiyo cadaaladda oo uu uga adkaado dulmiga iyadoo la kaashanaya [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] ([[Jesus]]).]]
{{Main|Islamic eschatology}}

Rumaysashada &quot;Maalinta Qiyaame&quot; ama ''[[Qiyamah|Yawm al-Qiyāmah]]'' ({{langx|ar|يوم القيامة|link=no}}) ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ah Muslimiinta. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in waqtiga Qiyaamaha uu hore u qadaray Ilaahay, laakiin uusan aqoon bini'aadamku. Quraanka iyo xadiiska, iyo sidoo kale faallooyinka [[Ulama|culimada]], waxay qeexayaan imtixaannada iyo [[Great Tribulation|dhibaatooyinka]] ka horreeya iyo inta uu socdo Qiyaamaha. Quraanka wuxuu xoogga saarayaa [[universal resurrection|soo-noqoshada jirka]], taasoo ah mid ka duwan fahamkii [[pre-Islamic Arabia|Carabtii hore]] ee dhimashada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Glassé|2003|loc=&quot;Resurrection&quot;|pp=382–383}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012|loc=&quot;Avicenna&quot;}}. {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_DUM_0467}}: &quot;Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Sīnā is known in the West as 'Avicenna'.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Qiyama |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Gardet, L.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maalinta Qiyaame, Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in dhammaan bini'aadamka lagu xukumi doono falalkooda wanaagsan iyo kuwa xun waxaana loo gudbin doonaa [[Jannah|Janno]] ama [[Jahannam|Naar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |editor-link=John Esposito |title=Eschatology |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |via=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |access-date=18 April 2017 |archive-date=13 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913062714/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu ku jira [[Surat al-Zalzalah]] wuxuu tan ku sifeeyaa: &quot;Haddaba qofkii sameeya culays atoore oo wanaag ah wuu arki doonaa. Qofkii se sameeya culays atoore oo xumaan ah wuu arki doonaa.&quot; Quraanku [[Islamic views of sin|wuxuu qorayaa dunuub badan]] oo qof ku xukumi kara naar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Quraanku wuxuu caddeynayaa in Ilaahay uu cafiyi doono dunuubta kuwa toobad keena haddii uu doono. Falalka wanaagsan, sida sadaqada, salaadda, iyo naxariista xayawaannada{{sfnp|Esposito|2011|p=130}} waxaa lagu abaalmarin doonaa gelitaanka jannada. Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan jannada meel ay ka buuxaan farxad iyo barako, iyadoo tixraacyada Quraanku ay qeexayaan sifooyinkeeda. Dhaqamada suufiga ah ee Islaamka waxay dhigayaan raaxooyinkan jannada xiriir la leh wacyigelin xamaasad leh oo ku saabsan Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Smith|2006|p=89}}; ''Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World'', p. 565&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Garden |first=Asma |last=Afsaruddin |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Paradise|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Yawm al-Qiyāmah'' sidoo kale waxaa Quraanka loogu aqoonsaday ''Yawm ad-Dīn'' ({{lang|ar|يوم الدين}} &quot;Maalinta Diinta&quot;);&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|1|4|b=y}};&lt;/ref&gt; ''as-Sāʿah'' ({{lang|ar|الساعة}} &quot;Saacadda Dambe&quot;);&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|6|31|b=y}};&lt;/ref&gt; iyo ''[[Al-Qaria|al-Qāriʿah]]'' ({{lang|ar|القارعة}} &quot;Qaylisaada&quot;).&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|101|1|b=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qadarka ===
{{Main|Predestination in Islam}}

Qaar ka mid ah Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin qadarka ilaahay, ({{langx|ar|القضاء والقدر}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-qadāʾ wa l-qadar}}'') in arrin kasta uu qaddaray Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |date=2002 |title=Andras Rajki's A. E. D. (Arabic Etymological Dictionary) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208204654/http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |archive-date=8 December 2011 |access-date=13 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Cohen-Mor|2001|p=4}}: &quot;The idea of predestination is reinforced by the frequent mention of events 'being written' or 'being in a book' before they happen&quot;: Say: &quot;Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Karamustafa |first=Ahmet T. |c=Fate |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}: The verb ''qadara'' literally means &quot;to measure, to determine&quot;. Here it is used to mean that &quot;God measures and orders his creation&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Gardet|first=L.|year=2012|c=al-Ḳaḍāʾ Wa 'l-Ḳadar |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0407}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mu'tazilism|Mu'tasiladu]] iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada Muslimiinta ah ma rumeysna fikraddan.&lt;ref&gt;[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.131-2&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.132&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Need of Religion'', by Sayyid [[Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi]], p. 14.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Muslims'', by S. H. M. Rizvi, Shibani Roy, B. B. Dutta, p. 20.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Shirazi |first1=Naser Makarem |title=The Justice of God |publisher=Al-Islam.org |url=https://www.al-islam.org/justice-god-naser-makarem-shirazi/issue-predestination-and-free-will |access-date=14 June 2022 |chapter=The Issue of Predestination and Free Will|date=12 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures'', by Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; Badanaa, rumaysashadan masiirka ilaahay waxaa lagu muujiyaa erayga ''[[Inshallah]]'', ({{langx|ar|إن شاء الله}}, {{transliteration|ar|haddii Alle jiro}}) marka laga hadlayo dhacdooyinka mustaqbalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muslim beliefs – Al-Qadr |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |access-date=13 November 2020 |publisher=BBC |work=Bitesize – GCSE – Edexcel |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115112558/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ficilada cibaadada ==
{{Main|Five Pillars of Islam|Ibadah}}

Waxaa jira shan ficil oo cibaado ah oo loo arko inay yihiin [[fard|waajibaad]]–Shahaadada, salaadaha shanta ah ee maalinlaha ah, [[Zakat|sakada]], [[fasting during Ramadan|soonta bisha Ramadaan]], iyo xajka [[Hajj|Hajka]]—oo si wadajir ah loogu yaqaano &quot;Tiirarka Islaamka&quot; (''Arkān al-Islām''). Intaa waxaa dheer, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale sameeyaan ficilo kale oo ikhtiyaari ah oo dhiirrigel leh laakiin aan loo arkin inay yihiin waajibaad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=ZAROUG|first=ABDULLAHI HASSAN|date=1985|title=THE CONCEPT OF PERMISSION, SUPEREROGATORY ACTS AND ASETICISM &amp;#91;sic&amp;#93; IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=167–180|jstor=20847307|issn=0578-8072|access-date=7 January 2023|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207140013/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shahaadada ===
[[File:Silver Rupee Akbar.jpg|thumb|right|Lacag qalinkii qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Akbar|Akbarkii Weyn]], Boqorkii [[Mughal Empire|Mugalka]], [[India]], oo lagu qoray [[Shahada|Shahaadada]].]]
{{Main|Shahada}}

[[shahada]]h{{sfnp|Nasr|2003|pp=3, 39, 85, 270–272}} waa [[oath|dhaar]] lagu caddaynayo rumaysashada Islaamka. Qoraalka la ballaariyay waa &quot;{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ʾašhadu ʾal-lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh}}&quot; ({{langx|ar|أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله|label=none}}), ama, &quot;Waxaan qirayaa inuusan jirin [[deity|ilaah]] aan ahayn [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] waxaanuna qirayaa in Maxamed yahay rasuulkii Ilaahay.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohammad-1985&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mohammad |first=Noor |date=1985 |title=The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-law-and-religion_1985_3_2/page/381 |journal=[[Journal of Law and Religion]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=381–397 |doi=10.2307/1051034 |jstor=1051034 |publisher=Journal of Law and Religion, Inc. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu doodaa inuu leeyahay caqiido aad u fudud iyadoo shahaadadu ay tahay saldhigga diinta ka hartay. Aan-Muslimiinta raba inay [[Conversion to Islam|soo islaamaan]] waxaa looga baahan yahay inay ku dhawaaqaan shahaadada hortooda markhaatiyaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Kasim |first=Husain |year=2004 |c=Islam |pp=195–197 |in=Salamone}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Galonnier-2021&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Galonnier |first=Juliette |editor-last=van Nieuwkerk |editor-first=Karin |title=Moving In and Out of Islam |chapter=Moving In or Moving Toward? Reconceptualizing Conversion to Islam as a Liminal Process |location=New York |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2021 |pages=44–66 |doi=10.7560/317471-003 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023001/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Salaadda ===
[[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|thumb|[[Muslims|Muslimiin]] tukanaya ([[salah]]) gudaha [[Egypt]] waxaa alifay [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1865.]]
{{Main|Salah}}

{{See also|Mosque|Jumu'ah}}
Salaadda Islaamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[salah|as-salaad]] ({{langx|ar|الصلاة|link=no}}), ama erayga [[Persian language|Faarisiga]] ee ah &quot;Namaz.&quot; Waxaa loo arkaa xiriir shakhsi ah oo lala leeyahay Ilaahay, waxayna ka kooban tahay ku celcelinta qaybo la yiraahdo [[rakat|rakco]] oo ay ku jiraan [[Ruku|rukooc]] iyo [[Sujud|sujuud]] loo sujuudayo Ilaahay. Waxaa jira shan salaadood oo la cayimay maalintii oo dhan kuwaas oo loo arko waajibaad. Salaadaha waxaa lagu akhriyaa luqadda Carabiga waxaana lagu fuliyaa [[Qibla|dhanka]] [[Kaaba|Kacbada]]. Ficilku sidoo kale wuxuu u baahan yahay xaalad nadiif ah oo diimeed oo lagu gaaro hababka [[wudu|weysada]] ama, xaaladaha qaarkood, qubays buuxa oo [[ghusl|qubays ah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=18, 19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Hedayetullah|2006|pp=53–55}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Kobeisy|2004|pp=22–34}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Momen|1987|p=178}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[mosque|Masaajidka]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano masjid ama namazgah, waa [[places of worship|goob cibaado]] oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Inkasta oo ujeeddada ugu weyn ee masaajidku ay tahay inuu u adeego meel salaadeed, sidoo kale waa xarun bulsho oo muhiim u ah [[ummah|bulshada Muslimka ah]]. Tusaale ahaan, [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], wuxuu sidoo kale u adeegi jiray hoy ay degaan dadka saboolka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mattson |first=Ingrid |year=2006 |title=Women, Islam, and Mosques |pages=615–629 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America |series=Volume 2, Part VII. Islam |editor1=R. S. Keller |name-list-style=and |editor2=R. R. Ruether |place=Bloomington and Indianapolis |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-34687-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&amp;pg=PA615 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&amp;pg=PA615#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Minaret|Minaarooyinku]] waa munaarooyin loo isticmaalo in lagu yeero [[adhan|aanka]], kaas oo ah yeedhid afka ah oo lagu calaamadinayo waqtiga salaadda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen-Masjid-2010&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Pedersen |first1=Johannes |last2=Hillenbrand |first2=Robert |last3=Burton-Page |first3=John |author-link3=John Burton-Page |title=Masd̲j̲id |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2010 |doi=10.1163/9789004206106_eifo_COM_0694 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |title=Mosque |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928065350/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sakada ===
[[File:Slot at the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II 1.jpg|thumb|Meel lagu bixiyo sakada oo ku taal [[Zawiya of Moulay Idris II]] ee [[Fez, Morocco]].]]
{{Main|Zakat}}

{{See also|Sadaqah}}
[[Zakat|Sakada]] ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|زكاة|translit=zakāh|label=none}}), waa nooc ka mid ah [[Alms|Sadaqada]] oo lagu garto bixinta qayb go'an (2.5% sanadkii)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmed-Gianci-2005&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Ahmed |first1=Medani |last2=Gianci |first2=Sebastian |title=Zakat |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy |editor1-last=Cordes |editor1-first=Joseph J. |editor2-last=Ebel |editor2-first=Robert D. |editor3-last=Gravelle |editor3-first=Jane |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Urban Institute Press |year=2005 |page=479 |isbn=978-0877667520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m66_BgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA479 |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ee [[Financial capital|hantida la ururiyay]] ay bixiyaan kuwa awoodda u leh si ay u caawiyaan dadka saboolka ah ama baahan, sida xoraynta maxaabiista, kuwa [[bonded labor|dayn ku jira]], ama safarka ku ah, iyo kuwa loo shaqaaleysiiyo ururinta sakada. Waxay u shaqaysaa sidii nooc ka mid ah [[welfare spending|gar-gaar bulsheed]] oo ka jira bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ariff |first=Mohamed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&amp;pg=PA55 |title=The Islamic Voluntary Sector in Southeast Asia: Islam and the Economic Development of Southeast Asia |publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] |year=1991 |isbn=978-981-3016-07-1 |pages=55– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023007/https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&amp;&amp;pg=PA55 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad diimeed oo ay dadka ladani ku leeyihiin kuwa baahan sababtoo ah hantidooda waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timid nimcada Ilaahay,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2010|p=109–110}}: This is not regarded as charity because it is not really voluntary but instead is owed, by those who have received their wealth as a trust from God's bounty, to the poor.&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana loo arkaa daahirinta hantida dheeraadka ah ee qofka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = RoutledgeCurzon| isbn = 9780415297967| title =Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present.| location = United Kingdom| year = 2003| last=Ridgeon| first=Lloyd| url = | page = 258|quote=Aside from its function of purifying believers' wealth, the payment of zakat may have contributed in no small way to the economic welfare of the Muslim community in Mecca.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadarta guud ee sanadlaha ah ee lagu bixiyo sakada ayaa ah 15 jeer ka badan deeqaha gargaarka bini'aadamnimada ee adduunka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo qiyaaso taxaddar leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 June 2012 |title=A faith-based aid revolution in the Muslim world |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114014900/https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sadaqah|Sadaqadu]], si ka duwan Sakada, waa sadaqo ikhtiyaari ah oo aad loo dhiirrigeliyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Said |first=Abdul Aziz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&amp;pg=PA145 |title=Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static |publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-77011-8 |page=145 |display-authors=etal |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023121/https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&amp;pg=PA145 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/72 72]}} [[Waqf|Waaqfeku]] waa [[charitable trust|kalsooni samafal]] oo joogto ah, taas oo maalgelisa isbitaallada iyo dugsiyada bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=A. |title=Equity and Trusts |year=2003 |edition=3rd |page=32 |location=London |publisher=Cavendish Publishing |isbn=1-85941-729-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Soonta ===
[[File:Iftar for Ramadhan.jpg|thumb|Munaasabadda afurka, oo loo yaqaan ''[[Iftar]]'', waxaa dhaqan ahaan lagu bixiyaa [[date (fruits)|timir]].]]
{{Main|Fasting in Islam}}

{{See also|Fasting during Ramadan}}
Islaamka dhexdiisa, soonta ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|صوم|translit=ṣawm|label=none}}) waxay mamnuucaysaa cuntada iyo cabitaanka, iyo sidoo kale noocyada kale ee isticmaalka, sida [[Smoking in Islam|sigaar-cabista]], waxaana la fuliyaa laga bilaabo waaberiga ilaa qorrax-dhaca. Inta lagu jiro bisha [[Ramadan]], waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad saaran Muslimiinta inay soomaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ramadan |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009215438/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Soontu waxay dhiirrigelisaa dareen u dhowaanshaha Ilaahay iyadoo qofku is celinayo dartii Ilaahay wixii kale ee bannaan iyo in laga fikiro kuwa baahan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira maalmo kale, sida [[Day of Arafah|Maalinta Carafo]], marka soontu ay tahay ikhtiyaari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher =Tughra Books | isbn = 9781597846110| title = Fasting In Islam And The Month Of Ramadan| location = United States| year =2006 | last=Ramadanali| url = |page=51
| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xajka ===
{{Main|Hajj|Umrah}}

{{See also|Holiest sites in Islam}}
[[File:A packed house - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Xujeyda intii lagu jiray xilli [[Hajj|Hajka]] ee [[Masjid al-Haram]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Saudi Arabia|Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]].]]

[[pilgrimage|Xajka]] Islaamka, ee loo yaqaan {{transliteration|ar|ALA|ḥajj}} ({{langx|ar|حج|link=no}}), waa in la qabtaa ugu yaraan hal mar nolosha qof kasta oo Muslim ah oo awood u leh inta lagu jiro [[Islamic calendar|bisha Islaamka]] ee [[Dhu al-Hijjah]]. Caadooyinka Hajku waxay inta badan ku daydaan sheekada qoyska [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Dr Zakir |author-link=Zakir Naik |date=7 January 2025 |title=What Are the Pillars of Islam? |url=https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115054332/https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-date=2025-11-15 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Islampidia |language=en-AU}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Five Pillars of Islam |url=https://localhost:5000/learn/educators/curriculum-resources/art-of-the-islamic-world/unit-one/the-five-pillars-of-islam |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mecca|Makka]], xujeydu waxay toddobo jeer ku wareegaan [[Kaaba|Kacbada]], oo ay Muslimiintu rumeysan yihiin inuu dhisay Ibraahim meel cibaado ah, waxayna toddobo jeer u dhexeeyaan buuraha [[Safa and Marwa|Safa iyo Marwa]], iyagoo xusuusanaya tallaabooyinkii xaaska Ibraahim, [[Hagar]], oo u raadinaysay biyo ilmahaheedii [[Ishmael in Islam|Ismaaciil]] ee lamadegaanka ka hor intaan Makka is rogay degmo.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Goldschmidt|Davidson|2005|p=48}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Farah|1994|pp=145–147}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Hajj |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xajku sidoo kale wuxuu ku lug leeyahay in la qaato maalin duco iyo cibaado ah oo ka dhacda bannaanada [[Mount Arafat|Carafo]] iyo sidoo kale [[Stoning_of_the_Devil|tuurista shaydaanka]] si calaamadaysan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F.E. |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |date=2009 |isbn=978-1-4008-2548-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&amp;pg=PA19 |page=20 |publisher=Princeton University Press |access-date=7 October 2014 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023112/https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&amp;pg=PA19#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhammaan ragga Muslimiinta ah waxay xidhaan laba maro oo cad oo fudud oo aan tol lahayn oo loo yaqaan [[Ihram clothing|ixraam]], kuwaas oo loogu talagalay inay keenaan isku xirnaan jiilal iyo sinnaan ka dhexaysa xujeyda inkasta oo ay jiraan fasal ama asal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Cornell |first=Vincent J. |title=Voices of Islam: Voices of tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5LNUS0ciAAC&amp;pg=PA29 |access-date=26 August 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-98733-6 |page=29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Glassé|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&amp;pg=PA207 207]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nooc kale oo xaj ah, [[Umrah|Umrada]], waa ikhtiyaari waxaana la qaban karaa wakhti kasta oo sanadka ka mid ah. Goobaha kale ee xajka Islaamka waa [[Medina|Madiina]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ku geeriyooday, iyo sidoo kale [[Jerusalem|Quddus]], oo ah magaalo ay ku yaalliin nabiyo badan oo Islaam ah waana goobta [[Al-Aqsa|Al-Aqsa]], taas oo ahayd jihadii salaadda ka hor Makka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|title=The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades|publisher=Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University|year=1986|isbn=0918720583|editor1=Goss, V. P.|volume=21|page=208|editor2=Bornstein, C. V.|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023032/https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Trofimov-2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |author-link=Yaroslav Trofimov |title=The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine |location=New York |publisher=[[Knopf]] |date=2008 |page=79 |isbn=978-0-307-47290-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ficilada cibaadada ee kale ===
{{See also|Quran#Recitation|Dua|Dhikr}}
[[File:Men reading the Koran in Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria.jpg|thumb|Rag Muslimiin ah oo akhrinaya Quraanka gudaha [[Umayyad Mosque|Masjidka Umawiyiinta]] ee [[Damascus]], [[Syria]].]]
Muslimiintu waxay akhriyaan oo xifdiyaan Quraanka oo dhan ama qaybo ka mid ah si ay u noqdaan camal wanaagsan. [[Tajwid|Tajwiidku]] wuxuu tilmaamayaa xeerar taxane ah oo loogu talagalay [[elocution|akhriska saxda ah]] ee Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = | isbn = | title = Foundation of Tajweed| location = | year = 2013|edition=2| last=Aboo Yahyaa| url = | page = 1
| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslimiin badan ayaa akhriya Quraanka oo dhan inta lagu jiro bisha Ramadaan.{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/42 42–43]}} 

Qofka xifdiyay Quraanka oo dhan waxaa loo yaqaanaa Xaafid (&quot;xifdiyey&quot;), xadiisyaduna waxay xusayaan in shakhsiyaadkani ay awood u yeelan doonaan inay shafeecaan dadka kale Maalinta Qiyaamaha.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=my7hnALd_NkC|page=70}} 70]}} Baryada Ilaahay, oo Carabiga lagu yiraahdo {{Transliteration|ar|DIN|duʿāʾ}} ({{langx|ar|دعاء}}&amp;nbsp;{{IPA|ar|dʊˈʕæːʔ|IPA}}) waxay leedahay anshaxeedii gaarka ahaa sida [[Raising hands in dua|gacmaha oo la taago]] sidii iyadoo la baryayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Brill| isbn = 9789004335523| title = The Quṣṣāṣ of Early Islam| location = Netherlands| year = 2016| last=Armstrong| first=Lyall| url = | page = 184| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xuska Ilaahay ({{langx|ar|ذكر|translit=Dhikr'|label=none}}) wuxuu tilmaamayaa erayada lagu celceliyo ee tixraacaya Ilaahay. Sida caadiga ah, tan waxaa ka mid ah Tahmiid, oo lagu dhawaaqayo [[Alhamdulillah|ammaan oo dhan waxaa leh Ilaahay]] ({{langx|ar|الحمد لله|translit=al-Ḥamdu lillāh|label=none}}) inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la dareemayo mahadnaq, [[Tasbih|Tasbiix]], oo lagu dhawaaqayo weyneynta Ilaahay inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la cajabo shay oo la dhaho '[[Basmala|bismillaah]]' ka hor intaan la bilaabin ficil sida cuntada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=alhamdulillah |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227042540/https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 27, 2020|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Lexico}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==
{{Main|Taariikhda Islaamka}}

{{For timeline|Timeline of the history of Islam}}
{{See also|List of Muslim empires and dynasties}}{{multiple image
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| footer            = Bidix: [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], Sacuudi Carabiya, waa [[holiest sites in islam|goobta labaad ee ugu barakeysan]] ee Islaamka. Maxamed laftiisa ayaa ku lug lahaa dhismaha masjidka, iyo [[Green Dome|Qubbadiisa Cagaaran]] waa halka lagu aasay. Midig: [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]] waa goobta saddexaad ee ugu barakeysan ee Islaamka, halkaas oo Maxamed uu uga kacay samada intii uu socday [[Isra' and Mi'raj|Isra' iyo Mi'raaj]]. Goobtu waxay ahayd jihadii hore ee salaadda ([[qibla]]), halkaas oo Muslimiintu ay horay ugu tukan jireen ka hor intaan jihada loo beddelin [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]] ka dib waxyi soo gaaray Maxamed.
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=== Maxamed iyo bilowgii Islaamka (570–632) ===
{{Main|Muhammad|Muhammad in Islam}}

{{for timeline|Timeline of early Islamic history}}
{{Further|Muhammad in Mecca|Early social changes under Islam|First Islamic state}}
[[File:Hira_Cave.jpg|thumb|[[Jabal al-Nour]] u dhow [[Mecca|Makka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ka helay [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] ee ku jiray godka Xira.]]
Sida ku xusan dhaqanka Islaamka, Maxamed wuxuu ku dhashay [[Mecca|Makka]] sannadkii 570 [[Common Era|C.D.]] wuxuuna noqday agoon caruurnimadiisii. Isagoo ku koray ganacsade ahaan, wuxuu noqday mid loo yaqaan &quot;[[Amin (name)|amin (mid la isku halayn karo)]]&quot; ({{langx|ar|الامين}}) waxaana la doonayay inuu noqdo garsoore dhexdhexaad ah. Intuu ka dib guursaday shaqaalihiisii, haweeneydii ganacsatada ahayd ee [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadiija]].{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=6}} Sannadkii 610 C.D., isagoo dhibsaday hoos u dhaca akhlaaqda iyo shirkiga ka jiray Makka isla markaana raadinaya gooni-isu-taag iyo fikir ruuxi ah, Maxamed wuxuu u baxay Godka Xira ee buurta [[Jabal al-Nour]], oo u dhow Makka. Wuxuu ahaa intii uu ku sugnaa godka halkaas oo la sheegay inuu [[Muhammad's first revelation|helay waxyigii ugu horreeyay]] ee [[Quran|Quraanka]] oo uga yimid malaa'igta [[Gabriel|Jibriil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot; /&gt; Dhacdadii bixitaankii Maxamed ee godka iyo waxyigii xigay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Night of Power|Leylatul Qadr]] waxaana loo arkaa dhacdo muhiim ah taariikhda Islaamka. Intii lagu guda jiray 22-kii sano ee ka dambeeyay nolosha, laga bilaabo da'da 40 wixii ka dambeeyay, Maxamed wuxuu sii waday helitaanka waxyiga Ilaahay, isagoo noqday kii ugu dambeeyay ama [[Seal of the prophets|nabigii ugu dambeeyay]] ee loo diray bini'aadamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Muhammad |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg|thumb|Maxamed oo la muujiyay waji daboolan oo jooga [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] laga soo qaatay [[Siyer-i Nebi]], {{Circa|1595}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ottomans : religious painting |url=http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/ottoman33.html |access-date=1 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Inta lagu jiro xilligan, [[Muhammad in Mecca|halka uu joogay Makka, Maxamed]] wuxuu ku wacdiyay marka hore si qarsoodi ah ka dibna si cad, isagoo ka baryaya dhegaystayaashiisa inay ka tagaan [[Arab polytheism|shirkiga]] oo ay caabudaan hal Ilaah. Qaar ka mid ah [[Early Muslims|Muslimiintii ugu horreysay ee soo islaamtay]] waxay ahaayeen dumar, saboolka, ajaanibta, iyo addoommada sida mu'adinkii ugu horreeyay [[Bilal ibn Rabah|Bilaal bin Rabaax]].&lt;ref&gt;Rabah, Bilal B. ''[[Encyclopedia of Islam]].''&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka waaweyn ee Makka waxay dareemeen in Maxamed uu [[Early social changes under Islam|khalday nidaamkooda bulsho]] isagoo ka wacdiyaya hal Ilaah oo siinaya fikrado laga shakiyo saboolka iyo addoommada sababtoo ah waxay faa'iida ka helayeen xajka sanamyada Kacbada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ünal |first=Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&amp;pg=PA1323 |title=The Qurʼan with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English |publisher=Tughra Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-59784-000-2 |pages=1323– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024048/https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&amp;pg=PA1323#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|p=36}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka dib 12 sano oo ah [[Persecution of Muslims by Meccans|dhibaataynta Muslimiinta ay u geysanayeen dadkii Makka]], Maxamed iyo [[Companions of the Prophet|sahabbadiisii]] waxay sameeyeen [[Hegira|Hijradii]] 622 ee magaalada Yathrib (magaalada Madiina ee maanta). Wuxuu halkaas ka Aasaasay [[First Islamic state|Dowladdii Islaamiga ahayd ee ugu horreysay]] oo ay la socdaan Muslimiintii Madiina (''[[Ansar (Islam)|Ansaarta]]'') iyo muhaajiriintii Makka (''[[Muhajirun|Muhaajiriinta]]''). [[Constitution of Medina|Dastuurkii Madiina]] waxaa saxiixay dhammaan qabiilooyinkii Madiina. Tani waxay aasaastay xorriyadda diinta iyo xorriyadda isticmaalka sharcigooda u gaarka ah ee ka dhex jiray bulshooyinka Muslimka ah iyo kuwa aan Muslimka ahayn hammi ah in Madiina laga difaaco khataraha dibadda.{{sfnp|Serjeant|1978|p=4}} Ciidamadii Makka iyo xulafadoodii waxay guuldarro ka soo gaartay Muslimiinta [[Battle of Badr|Dagaalkii Badar]] 624 ka dibna waxay dagaalameen dagaal aan la isla ogayn oo ka dhacay [[Battle of Uhud|Dagaalkii Uxud]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Peter Crawford |title=The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83 |page=83 |publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Books Limited |isbn=9781473828650 |date=2013-07-16 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023957/https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83 |url-status=live }}.&lt;/ref&gt; ka hor intaanay ku guuldarraysan inay hareereeyaan Madiina [[Battle of the Trench|Dagaalkii Khandaq]] (Maarso–Abriil 627). Sannadkii 628, [[Treaty of al-Hudaybiya|Heshiiskii Xudeybiya]] ayaa la kala saxiixday Makka iyo Muslimiinta, laakiin waxaajabiyay Makka laba sano ka dib. Markii qabiilo badan ay islaameen, jidadkii ganacsiga ee Makka waxaa gooyay Muslimiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|pp=78–79, 194}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|pp=23–28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markaatay ahayd 629 Maxamed wuxuu ku guuleystay [[conquest of Mecca|furashadii Makka]] ee aan dhiiggu ku daadan, iyo waqtigii uu geeriyooday 632 (da'da 62) wuxuu midaysiiyay qabiilooyinkii Carabta]] hal qaran oo diimeed.

=== Islaamkii Hore (632–750) ===
{{Further|Succession to Muhammad|Early Muslim conquests}}
{{See also|Ghadir Khumm|Saqifa|Canonization of Islamic scripture}}
[[File:Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg|thumb|Expansion of the Caliphate{{legend|#a1584e|Muhammad, 622–632}}{{legend|#ef9070|Khulafo Al-Raashidiin, 632–661}}{{legend|#fad07d|Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750}}]]
Nabi Maxamed wuxuu geeriyooday sanadkii 632 waxaana khulafadii ugu horreysay ee loo yaqaan Khulafo – Abu Bakr, Cumar, Cuthmaan, Cali iyo marmar Xasan bin Cali&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| last1 = Melchert| first1 = Christopher| date = 2020| contribution = The Rightly Guided Caliphs: The Range of Views Preserved in Ḥadīth| editor1-last = al-Sarhan| editor1-first = Saud| title = Political Quietism in Islam: Sunni and Shi'i Practice and Thought| location = London and New York| publisher = I.B. Tauris| isbn = 978-1-83860-765-4| pages = 70–71| contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=96TDDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA63| access-date = 17 February 2022| url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt; – looga yaqaan Islaamka Sunniga ah ''al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn'' (&quot;Khulafadii Hagaysa&quot;).{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=40}} Qaar kamid ah qabiilooyinka ayaa Islaamka ka tagay oo ka inkiiray madax sheegtay in ay yihiin nebiyo cusub balse Abu Bakr wuxuu ku jebiyey dagaalladii Riddada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Hourani|2002|p=22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Madelung|1996|p=43}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Ṭabāṭabāʼī|1979|pp=30–50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee Yuhuudda iyo Nasaarada asaliga ah, ee loo haystay dad laga tirada badan yahay oo diinaysan loona culeysiyay canshuuraha, ayaa inta badan ka caawiyey Muslimiinta inay qabsadaan dhulkooda,{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=38}} taasoo keentay in khilaafaddu ay si degdeg ah ugu ballaarato boqortooyooyinkii Saasaniyiinta iyo Biisantiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=J. Kuiper |first=Matthew |title=Da'wa: A Global History of Islamic Missionary Thought and Practice |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9781351510721 |page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira M. |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-521-51430-9 |pages=60–61 |author-link=Ira M. Lapidus}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuthmaan waxaa la doortay 644 waxaana dilkiisii uu kiciyey in Cali loo doorto Khaliifkii xigay. Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Koowaad, xaaskii Nebiga, Caashaa, waxay soo saartay ciidan ka soo horjeeda Cali, iyada oo isku dayaysa inay u aarto dhimashadii Cuthmaan, balse waa lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Geela. Cali wuxuu isku dayay inuu xilka ka qaado guddoomiyihii Suuriya, Mucaawiya, kaas oo loo arkayay musuqmaasuq. Mucaawiya ayaa markaas dagaal ku dhawaaqay Cali waana lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Sifeyn. Go'aanka Cali ee ahaa inuu dhex-dhexaadin sameeyo ayaa ka caraysiiyey Khawaarijta, oo ahayd koox xagjir ah, kuwaas oo qabay in aan la dagaallamin qof dembiile ah awgeed, Cali uu isna noqday dembiile. Khawaarijtu way caasiyoobeen waxaana lagu jebiyey Dagaalkii Nahrawan balse nin Khawaariji ah ayaa gadaal ka dilay Cali. Wiilkiii Cali, Xasan bin Cali, ayaa loo doortay Khaliif wuxuuna saxiixay heshiis nabadeed si looga fogaado dagaal kale, isaga oo xilka uga degay Mucaawiya si uusan Mucaawiya u soo magacaabin qof beddela.{{sfnp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=67–72}}
[[File:Almuñécar, statue of Abd al-Rahman I.jpg|thumb|Taallo ay leedahay Cabduraxmaan I oo ku taal Almuñécar, Isbayn. Islaamku wuxuu gaaray Galbeedka Yurub 711 AD, markii Ṭariiq bin Siyaad uu galay Jasiiradda Iberia. Sanadkii 756, Cabduraxmaan wuxuu aasaasay Imaaradda Cordoba, isagoo ka aasaasay dowlad Islaami ah oo madaxbannaan al-Andalus.]]
Mucaawiya wuxuu bilaabay Saldanaddii Umawiyiinta isagoo u magacaabay wiilkiisii Yaziid inay isku xigaan, taasoo dhalisay Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Labaad. Intii uu socday Dagaalkii Karbala, Xuseen bin Cali, wiilka labaad ee Cali iyo awowgii nebiga, waxaa si arxan darro ah u dilay ciidamadii Yaziid; dhacdadii waxaa sannad walba xusaa Muslimiinta Shiicada ah ilaa maanta. Sunniga, oo uu hoggaaminayo Ibn al-Zubayr oo kasoo horjeeda khilaafad dhaxal ah, ayaa lagaga adkaaday Go'doomintii Makka. Khilaafyadan hoggaanka ayaa keenay inuu dhasho khilaafka Sunni-Shiicada,{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Harney |first=John |date=3 January 2016 |title=How Do Sunni and Shia Islam Differ? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/q-and-a-how-do-sunni-and-shia-islam-differ.html |access-date=4 January 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo Shiicadu ay aaminsan tahay in hoggaanku uu leeyahay qoyskii Nebiga (Ahl al-bayt).{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}
Hoggaankii Abu Bakr wuxuu kormeeray bilowgii ururinta Qur'aanka. Khaliifkii Cumar bin Cabdicasiis wuxuu dhisay guddigii, Todobadii Fuqaha ee Madiina,{{sfnp|Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr|2012|p=505}}&lt;ref&gt;''Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz'' By Imam Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam died 214 AH 829 C.E. Publisher Zam Zam Publishers Karachi, pp. 54–59&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana Malik bin Anas uu qoray mid ka mid ah buugagii ugu horreeyay ee ku saabsan fiiqhiga Islaamka, ''Muwatta'', oo ahayd is-afgarad ku saabsan aragtida culimadaas.{{sfnp|Coulson|1964|p=103}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |editor-last1=Houtsma |editor-first1=M.T. |editor-last2=Wensinck |editor-first2=A.J. |editor-last3=Lévi-Provençal |editor-first3=E. |editor-last4=Gibb |editor-first4=H.A.R. |editor-last5=Heffening |editor-first5=W. |series=Volume V: L—Moriscos |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1993 |edition=reprint |isbn=978-90-04-09791-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va6oSxzojzoC |pages=207– |access-date=19 September 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor=Moshe Sharon |title=Studies in Islamic History and Civilization: In Honour of Professor David Ayalon |year=1986 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789652640147 |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_wUAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA264 |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Khawaarijtu waxay aaminsanaayeen in uusan jirin dhexdhexaad la tanaasuli karo oo u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo xumaanta, iyo in muslim kasta oo gala dembi weyn uu noqonayo gaal. Erayga &quot;Khawaarij&quot; waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday in lagu tilmaamo ISIS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mamouri|first=Ali|date=8 January 2015|title=Who are the Kharijites and what do they have to do with IS?|work=Al-monitor|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2015/01/islamic-state-kjarijites-continuation.html|access-date=6 March 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Murji'ah waxay barayeen in dadka toosan lagu xukumi karo Eebbe kaligii. Sidaa darteed, dembiilayaasha waxaa loo arki karaa inay marin habaabeen, laakiin aan lagu tilmaamin gaalo.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=43}} Dabeecaddan ayaa timid inay ku guulaysato caqiidada Islaamka ee ugu weyn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}}[[File:BalianofIbelin1490.jpg|thumb|Saliibiyiinta oo ku wareejinaya Qudus Muslimiinta sanadkii 1187 AD.]] Saldanaddii Umawiyiintu waxay qabsatay Maqrib, Jasiiradda Iberia, Gallia Narbonensis iyo Sindh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Donald |last=Puchala |title=Theory and History in International Relations |page=137 |publisher=Routledge |year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duullaamadii Islaamka ee hore waxaa lagu tilmaamay imperialism Islaami ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;n050&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last=Wright | first=Craig S | title=Arab Colonialism and the Roots of the Golden Age of Islam | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | date=2022 | issn=1556-5068 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.4020040 | url=https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4020040 | access-date=2026-04-24 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umawiyiintu waxay la halgamayeen l'aynaansho sharci ah waxayna ku tiirsanaayeen ciidan aad loo taageero.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=45}} Maaddaama canshuurta Jizya ay ahayd canshuur ay bixiyaan kuwa aan muslimka ahayn oo ka reebayay adeegga ciidanka, Umawiyiintu waxay diideen inay aqoonsadaan islaam-gelitaanka kuwa aan Carabta ahayn, maadaama ay yaraynaysay dakhliga.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Iyadoo Khilaafadii Raashidiintu ay adkaysay adduunyo la'aanta, iyadoo Cumar uu xitaa dalbanayo in la tiriyo hantida sarkaal kasta,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first1=Ahmad Ibn Jabir|last1=Al-Biladhuri |first2=Philip|last2=Hitti|title=Kitab Futuhu'l-Buldan|page=219 |publisher=AMS Press |year=1969}}&lt;/ref&gt; raaxada Umawiyiinta ayaa dhalisay qancin la'aan dadka diinta ku adag.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Khawaarijtu waxay hoggaamiyeen Kacdoonkii Berber, taasoo horseeday dowladaha ugu horreeya ee Islaamka oo ka madax bannaan Khilaafada. Kacdoonkii Cabbasiyiinta, kuwa aan Carabta ahayn ee soo islaamay (Mawla), qabiilooyinkii Carabta ee ay Umawiyiintu meesha ka saareen, iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada ayaa midoobay oo riday Umawiyiinta, iyaga oo bilaabay Cabbasiyiinta oo caalami ah sanadkii 750.{{sfnp|Lewis|1993|pp=71–83}}
=== Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka (786–1258) ===
{{Further|Hadith studies|Islamic philosophy}}
{{See also|Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe|Turco-Persian tradition}}
[[File:Al-Risalah_al-Dhahabiah.JPG|thumb|Bog ka mid ah Al-Risala al-Dhahabiyya ee Imam Ali al-Rida (809 AD), oo ah tii ugu qiimaha badnayd ee shaqooyinka Islaamka ee Sayniska Caafimaadka. Waxaa ku jira qaybo saynis sida Anatomiya, Histoloji, Fisioloji, Kimistari iyo Patoloji intii sayniska caafimaadku uu wali ahaa mid bilow ah.]]
Al-Shafi'i wuxuu dejiyay hab lagu xaqiijiyo isku-halaynta xadiiska.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|p=86}} Waagii hore ee Ablaasiyiinta, aqoonyahanno sida Muhammad al-Bukhari iyo Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj waxay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Ahlusunna, halka aqoonyahanno sida Al-Kulayni iyo Ibn Babawayh ay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Shiicada. Astaamaha afar-madhab ee Ahlusunna—Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki, iyo Shafi'i—waxaa lagu tiiriyay dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Abū Ḥanīfa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Malik ibn Anas iyo al-Shafi'i. Taa beddelkeeda, dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Ja'far al-Sadiq waxay dhiseen Fiqhiga Ja'fari. Qarnigii 9aad, Al-Tabari wuxuu dhameystiray qafiskii ugu horreeyay ee Tafsiirka Quraanka, Tafsir al-Tabari, oo noqday mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu xigashada badan Ahlusunna Islaamka. Doobab ka mid ah Muslinka waxay ka fekereen ka-sallamaaynta nolosha duniyeed waxayna xoogga saareen saboolnimada, is-hoosaysiinta, iyo fogaanta dambiga ee ku basada diidmada rabitaanka jidhka. Zuhuudka sida Hasan al-Basri waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaq dib u zhugnaaday tasawwuf ama Sufi.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=90, 91}}

Waqtigan, dhibaatooyinka fiqiga, gaar ahaan doorashada xorta ah, waxay ahaayeen kuwo si adag loo maareeyay, iyadoo Hasan al-Basri uu qabay in kasta oo Eebbe uu og yahay waxa dadku sameynayaan, wanaagga iyo xintu ay ka yimaadaan isticmaalka qaldan ee doorashada xorta ah iyo Ibliiska.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|pp=38-39}}{{efn|&quot;Hasan al-Basri waxaa inta badan loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah dadkii ugu horreeyay ee diaday asalka malaa'igta ee ibliiska, isagoo ku doodaya in dhicitaankiisu yahay natiijada doorashadiisa xorta ah, oo ma ahan go'aanka Eebbe. Hasan al-Basri wuxuu sidoo kale ku dooday in malaa'igtu aysan awoodin dambiga ama khaladaadka oo ay ka sharaf badan yihiin aadanaha iyo xata cabsida nabiyada. Shiicada iyo Sunnida hore waxay ka soo horjeedeen ra'yigiisa.&lt;ref&gt;Omar Hamdan ''Studien zur Kanonisierung des Korantextes: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs Beiträge zur Geschichte des Korans'' Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 2006 {{ISBN|978-3447053495}} pp. 291–292 (German)&lt;/ref&gt;}} Falsafada Caqliga Giriiga waxay dhiirrigelisay dugsi feker oo loo yaqaan Mu'tazila, oo si ka muuqata u dooday fikradda doorashada xorta ah ee uu bilaabay Wasil ibn Ata.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=50}} Khaliif al-Mamun wuxuu ka dhigay caqiido rasmi ah wuxuuna si aan guul lahayn ugu doortay inuu ku qasbo booskan dadka intiisa badan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=88}} Khaliif Al-Mu'tasim wuxuu sameeyay Mihna, iyadoo Ahmad ibn Hanbal oo ilaalinaayay dhaqanka uu si muuqata u diaday inuu waafaqo fikradda Mu'tazila ee ah in Quraanku yahay ku dhacay halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa mid weligeed ah, taas oo ka dhigtay in la jilciyo oo lagu hayo qol madow muddo ku dhow soddon bilood.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Doi |first=Abdur Rahman |title=Shariah: The Islamic Law |location=London |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-907461-38-8 |page=110}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dugsiyada kale ee Kalam—Māturīdism oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi iyo Ash'ari oo uu aasaasay Al-Ash'ari—waxay ahaayeen kuwo si ballaaran loo qaatay. Falsafadyahannada sida Al-Farabi, Avicenna iyo Averroes waxay isku deyeyeen inay waafajiyaan fikradaha Aristotle iyo fundamentiinta Islaamka, iyagoo u dhow Iskolastikada Kiristanka ee Yuubka iyo shaqada Maimonides ee Yuhuudda, halka kuwo kale sida Al-Ghazali ay ka soo horjeedeen habkan oo ugu dambeyntii guuleysteen.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=160}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=126–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Al-Idrisi's_world_map.JPG|thumb|Tabula Rogeriana (1154 AD) ee al-Idrisi, oo ah mid ka mid ah khariidadaha dunida ee ugu horumarsanaa qarniyadii dhexe, oo la sameeyay Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.]]
Axdigan inta badan waxaa loo yaqaan Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=80, 92, 105}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|pp=661–663}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=56}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lewis|1993|p=84}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guulaha sayniska Islaamku waxay samaysteen qaybo badan oo maadooyin ah sida caafimaadka, xisaabta, astronomiga, iyo beeraha iyo sidoo kale fisigiska, dhaqaalaha, injineernimada iyo optigga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=King |first=David A. |year=1983 |title=The Astronomy of the Mamluks |journal=Isis |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=531–55 |doi=10.1086/353360 |s2cid=144315162 | issn=0021-1753}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan-1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y. al-Hassan |title=Islam and the Challenge of Modernity |chapter=Factors Behind the Decline of Islamic Science After the Sixteenth Century |editor-last=Al-Attas |editor-first=S. S. |editor-link=Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization |year=1996 |pages=351–399 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ854295.pdf|title=Contributions of Islamic scholars to the scientific enterprise|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The greatest scientific advances from the Muslim world|website=TheGuardian.com|date=February 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/feb/01/islamic-science|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Avicenna wuxuu ahaa horyaal ku saabsan caafimaadka tijaabada ah,&lt;ref&gt;Jacquart, Danielle (2008). &quot;Islamic Pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Theories and Substances&quot;. European Review (Cambridge University Press) 16: 219–227.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). &quot;Arab Roots of European Medicine&quot;, Heart Views 4 (2).&lt;/ref&gt; oo The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo isticmaalay qoraal caafimaad oo heer sare ah ee dunida Islaamka iyo Yurub qarniyo. Rhazes wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aqoonsaday cudurrada furfuraa iyo jadeecada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx|title=Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes) (c. 865-925)|publisher=sciencemuseum.org.uk|access-date=31 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 Bisha Shanaad 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506072259/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cisbitaallada dadweynaha ee waqtigaas waxay bixiyeen shahaadooyinka ugu horreeya ee caafimaadka si loogu ogolaado dhakhaatiirta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alatas |first=Syed Farid |year=2006 |title=From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue |url=https://zenodo.org/record/29439 |journal=Current Sociology |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=112–132 |doi=10.1177/0011392106058837 |s2cid=144509355 |access-date=12 September 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Imamuddin |first=S.M. |title=Muslim Spain 711–1492 AD |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1981 |isbn=978-90-04-06131-6 |page=169}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibn al-Haytham waxaa loo tixgeliyaa aabaha habka sayniska ee casriga ah iyadoo inta badan loo sheego &quot;saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee runta ah ee dunida&quot;, gaar ahaan shaqadiisa optigga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-link=Gerald J. Toomer|first=G. J. |last=Toomer |jstor=228328 |title=Review Work: Matthias Schramm (1963) ''Ibn Al-Haythams Weg zur Physik'' |journal=Isis |volume=55 |issue=4 |date=Dec 1964 |page=464 |quote=Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Al-Khalili |first=Jim |date=4 January 2009 |title=The 'first true scientist' |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gorini |first=Rosanna |date=October 2003 |title=Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision |journal=Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=53–55 |url=http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf |access-date=25 September 2008 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Injineernimada, walaalaha Banū Mūsā aaladdooda turumbada tooska ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ahaan lahayd mashinkii ugu horreeyay ee la barnamijayn karo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Koetsier |first1=Teun |title=On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mechanism-and-machine-theory_2001-05_36_5/page/589 |journal=Mechanism and Machine Theory |date=May 2001 |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=589–603 |doi=10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xisaabta Islaamka, fikradda algorithm waxaa lagu magacaabay Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, oo loo tixgeliyo aasaasaha aljabra, oo lagu magacaabay buugiisa al-jabr, halka kuwo kale ay soo saareen fikradda shaqada (function).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Katz |first1=Victor J. |author1-link=Victor J. Katz |last2=Barton |first2=Bill |title=Stages in the History of Algebra with Implications for Teaching |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-studies-in-mathematics_2007-10_66_2/page/185 |journal=Educational Studies in Mathematics |date=18 September 2007 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=185–201 |doi=10.1007/s10649-006-9023-7 |s2cid=120363574 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dowladda waxay siin jirtay saynisyahannada mushahar u dhigma mushaharka ciyaartoyda xirfadleyda ah ee maanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Ahmed|2006|pp=23, 42, 84}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guinness World Records wuxuu u aqoonsan yahay Jaamacadda Al Karaouine, oo la aasaasay 859, inay tahay jaamacadda ugu qadiimsan ee bixisa shahaadooyinka dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Young |first=Mark |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofwo1998newy |title=The Guinness Book of Records |year=1998 |page=242 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-57895-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dad badan oo aan Muslin ahayn, sida Kiristanka, Yuhuudda iyo Saabi'iinta,&lt;ref name=&quot;Brague 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam|first=Rémi |last=Brague|year= 2009| isbn=9780226070803| page =164|publisher=University of Chicago Press|quote=Neither were there any Muslims among the Ninth-Century translators. Almost all of them were Christians of various Eastern denominations: Jacobites, Melchites, and, above all, Nestorians... A few others were Sabians.}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay guntadeen ilbaxnimada Islaamka qaybo meelaha ah,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill-1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hill |first=Donald |author-link=Donald Routledge Hill |title=Islamic Science and Engineering |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=1993 |page=4 |isbn=0-7486-0455-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brague-Assyrians&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Brague |first=Rémi |author-link=Rémi Brague |title=Assyrians contributions to the Islamic civilization |url=http://www.christiansofiraq.com/assyriancontributionstotheislamiccivilization.htm |website=Christians of Iraq |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo machadka loo yaqaan Bayt al-Hikma wuxuu u shaqaaleysiiyay aqoonyahanno Kiristan iyo Faarisi ah si ay ugu turjumaan shaqooyinka luqadda Carabiga iyo si ay u soosaaraan aqoon cusub.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meri-Bacharach-2006&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Meri |editor-first1=Josef W. |editor-link1=Josef W. Meri |editor-last2=Bacharach |editor-first2=Jere L. |editor-link2=Jere L. Bacharach |title=Hadith |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |year=2006 |page=304 |isbn=978-0415966917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MypbfKdMePIC&amp;pg=PA304 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Saliba-1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George Saliba |title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam |location=New York |publisher=New York University Press |year=1994 |pages=245, 250, 256–57 |isbn=0-8147-8023-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Cheshm manuscript.jpg|thumb|Anatomiya ee isha oo uu samaystay Hunayn ibn Ishaq, oo mas'uul ka ahaa turjumida Bayt al-Hikma waagii Boqortooyada Ablaasiyiinta, 1200 AD.]]Askartu waxay ka go'een boqortooyadii Ablaasiyiinta waxayna dhiseen khilaafadooda propriyada ah, sida Tulunids oo 868 ku tirsanaa Masar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Holt|first=Peter Malcolm|author-link=Peter Holt (historian)|title=The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, 1098–1291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0qLHVGgH7AC&amp;pg=PA8|year=2004|publisher=Pearson Longman|isbn=978-0-582-36931-3|page=6|access-date=2 February 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo boqortooyada Ghaznavid oo 977 ku tirsanaa Aasiyada Dhexe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Islamic Central Asia: an anthology of historical sources |editor-first1=Scott Cameron |editor-last1=Levi |editor-first2=Ron |editor-last2=Sela |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2010 |page=83}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaybsanaantan waxay keentay Qarnigii Shiicada, oo u dhaxeeyay 945 iyo 1055, oo la arkay kor u kaca dhaqdhaqaaqa Isma'ili Shiicada. Koox Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Fatimid, waxay gacanta ku dhigeen Waqooyiga Afrika qarnigii 10aad&lt;ref&gt;Neue Fischer Weltgeschichte &quot;Islamisierung in Zentralasien bis zur Mongolenzeit&quot; Band 10: Zentralasien, 2012, p. 191 (German)&lt;/ref&gt; iyo koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, Qarmatians, waxay boobeen Makka waxayna xadeen Hajar al-Aswad, oo ah dhagaxa ku dhex jira Kacbada, dib-u-jabayntooda aan guulaysan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Glubb |first=John Bagot |title=Mecca (Saudi Arabia) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mecca#ref887188 |access-date=18 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Buyid, waxay qabsadeen Baqdaad waxayna ka dhigeen Ablaasiyiinta boqortooyo magac ah oo kaliya. Boqortooyada Seljuk ee Ahlusunna waxay u dhaqaaqday inay mar kale adkayso Islaamka Ahlusunna iyagoo faafinayay ra'yiyada aqoonyahanada waqtigaas, gaar ahaan dhisidda machadyada waxbarashada ee loo yaqaan Nizamiyyas, oo la xiriira al-Ghazali iyo Saadi Shirazi.&lt;ref&gt;Andreas Graeser ''Zenon von Kition: Positionen u. Probleme'' Walter de Gruyter 1975 {{ISBN|978-3-11-004673-1}} p. 260&lt;/ref&gt; Faaftada dunida Muslinka waxay sii socotay iyadoo ergooyinka diinta ay u badaleen Volga Bulgaria Islaamka. Sultanada Delhi waxay gaadhay gudaha qaarad-hoosaadka Hindiya oo kuwo badan ayaa u badalay Islaamka,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=227–228}} gaar ahaan Hinduga heerka hoose ee faracoodu ka kooban yahay inta badan Muslinka Hindiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36220329|title=Why are many Indian Muslims seen as untouchable?|publisher=BBCnews|date=10 May 2016|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ganacsigu wuxuu keenay Muslin badan oo Shiinaha ah, halkaas oo ay si buuxda u xukumi jireen warshadaha soo dejinta iyo ka deerinta ee boqortooyada Song.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Islam in China |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/china_1.shtml |access-date=10 August 2011 |publisher=BBC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka waxaa loo qortay maamulayaal la doortay oo heer sare ah boqortooyada Yuan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lipman|first=Jonathan Newman|title=Familiar Strangers, a history of Muslims in Northwest China|location=Seattle, WA|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-295-97644-0|page=33}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Casrigii Ka-horreeyay Casriga Cusub (1258 – Qarnigii 18aad) ===
{{Further|Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam}}
[[File:GhazanConversionToIslam.JPG|thumb|Muuqaal qarnigii 14aad ee Ghazan, oo ahaa boqorkii 7aad ee Ilkhanate ee Boqortooyada Mongol, oo Islaamay.]]
Pobalka ganacsiga Muslinka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa tariiqooyinka Sufida dhiigooda,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=125–258}} Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay dhulal cusub&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Spread of Islam |url=http://www.yale.edu/yup/pdf/cim6.pdf |access-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinkuna waxay la dhex-galeen dhaqammo cusub. Hoos kaga jirtay Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay Koonfur-bari Yuuroop.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=6 May 2008 |title=Ottoman Empire |publisher=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&amp;_pos=3 |access-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 Bisha Shanaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525072847/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&amp;_pos=3 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamidda inta badan waxay lahayd heer sinkretisam ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Islamic and European Expansion |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1993 |editor-last=Adas |editor-first=Michael |location=Philadelphia |page=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; sida uu muujinayo muuqaalka Muhammad ee suugaanta dadweynaha ee Hinduga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara |title=Islam in South Asia in Practice |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2009 |page=104}}&lt;/ref&gt; Turkida Muslinka ah waxay ku dareen walxaha caqiidada Shamanisamka Turkida Islaamka.{{efn|&quot;Sannadaha dhow, fikradda sinkretisamka waa la dhuftay. Maaddaama ay maqan tahay awood lagu go'aamiyo ama lagu tixgeliyo caqiidada Ortodokska ee ku saabsan Islaamka, aqoonyahannada qaarkood waxay ku doodayaan inaysan jirin caqiidooyinka la qresheeyay, oo kaliya ee la amray habka, Islaamka ka hor qarnigii 16aad.{{sfnp|Peacock|2019|p=20–22}}}}{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|pp=1425–1429}} Muslinka ku jira Boqortooyada Ming ee Shiinaha oo ka soo jeeda soo-galootigii hore waa la la-dhex-galay, mararka qaar shuruuc ku dhiirrigelisa dhex-galka,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor1-last=Farmer|editor1-first=Edward L.|title=Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule|date=1995|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004103910|page=82|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCIjZ7l6TX8C&amp;pg=PA82|access-date=19 February 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyagoo qaatay magacyada Shiinaha iyo dhaqanka halka Nanjing uu noqday xarun muhiim ah ee barashada Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;Israeli, Raphael (2002). ''Islam in China''. p. 292. Lexington Books. {{ISBN|0-7391-0375-X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dillon |first=Michael |year=1999 |title=China's Muslim Hui Community |publisher=Curzon |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasmuslimhuic00dill |isbn=978-0-7007-1026-3 |page=37 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndhex-galka dhaqanka wuxuu ahaay mid muuqda iyadoo la yaraysay saamaynta Carabta ka dib burburintii Mongol ee Khilafadii Ablaasiyiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=497}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khanates-ka Mongol ee Muslinka ah ee ku jira Iiraan iyo Aasiyada Dhexe waxay ka faa'iideysteen kordhinta helitaanka dhaqammada ee Bariga Aasiya oo hoos jirtay xukunkii Mongol sidaas darteed waxay u horumareen oo ay u samaysteen si ka duwan saamaynta Carabta, sida Dib-u-dhalashadii Timurid oo hoos jirtay boqortooyada Timurid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Subtelny |first=Maria Eva |date=November 1988 |title=Socioeconomic Bases of Cultural Patronage under the Later Timurids |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/socioeconomic-bases-of-cultural-patronage-under-the-later-timurids/2A0F3018EE155F23FC4A7F5F25D7DE6D |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=479–505 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800053861 |s2cid=162411014 |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wuxuu soo bandhigay qaabka xisaabta oo ka dib loo dooday inuu qaatay Copernicus isagoo aan waxba ka badalin qaabkiisa heliocentric-ka,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=1999|title=Nasir al-Din al-Tusi|publisher=University of St Andrews|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Tusi_Nasir/|access-date=27 August 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo qiyaasta pi ee Jamshīd al-Kāshī ma aysan dhaafin 180 sano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=1999 |title=Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi |publisher=University of St Andrews |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Kashi/ |access-date=29 December 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg|thumb|Mehmed II oo galaya Constantinople.]]
Ka dib markii la soo bandhigay hubka baaruda, dawlado waaweyn oo dhawaan xabbada lahaa oo Muslin ah ayaa ku bashqaday boqortooyoyinka baaruda, kuwaas oo hore u kala qaybsanaay dhulal kala duwan. Khilafada waxaa sheegtay boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo sheegashadooda la adkeeyay 1517 markii Selim I uu noqday taliyaha Makka iyo Madiina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Drews |first=Robert |url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/publications/ |title=Coursebook: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, to the Beginnings of Modern Civilization |date=August 2011 |publisher=Vanderbilt University |chapter=Chapter Thirty – &quot;The Ottoman Empire, Judaism, and Eastern Europe to 1648&quot; |chapter-url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/files/2014/01/Chapter-Thirty.-The-Ottoman-Empire-Judaism-and-Eastern-Europe-to-1648.pdf |access-date=21 April 2020 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Boqortooyada Shiicada ee Safavid waxay ku korortay awoodda 1501 ka dibna waxay qabsatay dhammaan Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;Peter B. Golden: An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples; In: Osman Karatay, Ankara 2002, p. 321&lt;/ref&gt; Koonfurta Aasiya, Babur wuxuu aasaasay Boqortooyada Mughal.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|last=Gilbert|first=Marc Jason|title=South Asia in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dhKDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA75|year=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-066137-3|pages=75|access-date=15 January 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diinta dawladaha ku dhex-jira ee boqortooyoyinka baaruda waxay saamaysay dhaqanka diimeed ee dadkooda ku dhex-jira. Wada-noolaanshaha u dhexeeya taliyayaasha Cusmaaniyiinta iyo Sufinimada wuxuu si adag u saameeyay xukunkii Islaamka ee Cusmaaniyiinta tan iyo bilowgii. Tariiqada Mevlevi iyo Bektashis waxay lahaayeen xiriir dhow oo ay la lahaayeen sultannada,&lt;ref&gt;Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 540&lt;/ref&gt; maaddaama noocyada Sufi-suufiyada ah iyo kuwo kale oo sinkretik ah ee Islaamka ay u horumareen si muuqata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Algar |first=Ayla Esen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fc69BhBDjhwC&amp;q=ottomans+sufism |title=The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, Art, and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey |page=15 |date=1 January 1992 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07060-8 |access-date=29 April 2020 |via=Google Books |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Badanaa qasabka dhex-galka Safavid ee Iiraan ee Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha ee Boqortooyada Safavid wuxuu xaqiijiyay xukunkii dambe ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Shiicada. Soo-galootiga Faarisiga ah ee Koonfurta Aasiya, maaddaama ay ahaayeen maamulayaal saamayntooda leh iyo milkiilayaal dhul, waxay caawiyeen faafinta Islaamka Shiicada, iyagoo dhisay qaar ka mid ah dadka ugu waaweyn ee Shiicada ee ka baxsan Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/conversion-iii|title=CONVERSION To Imami Shiʿism in India|publisher=Iranica Online|language=English|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nader Shah, oo riday Safavids, wuxuu isku deyey inuu wanaajiyo xiriirka Ahlusunna ee Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo la faafinayo dhex-galka Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Ahlusunna sida madhabka shanaad, oo loo yaqaan Ja'farism,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Nadir Shah and the Ja 'fari Madhhab Reconsidered |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=27 |issue=1–4 |date=1994 |pages=163–179 |doi=10.1080/00210869408701825 |jstor=4310891}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo ku dhiirran waayay inuu helo aqoonsi ka soo baxa Cusmaaniyiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Nāder Shāh |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nader-shah |date=29 March 2006 |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |access-date=9 March 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Casrigii Casriga Ahaa (Qarniyadii 18aad–20aad) ===
[[File:Portrait Caliph Abdulmecid II.jpg|thumb|Sawirka Khaliifkii ugu dambeeyay Abdülmecid II, ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, 1923.]]

Horey qarnigii 14aad, Ibn Taymiyya wuxuu dhiirrigeliyay qaab daahir ah oo Islaamka ah, isagoo diaday hababka falsafada si uu u doorbido fiqhiga fudud,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Mary Hawkesworth, Maurice Kogan ''Encyclopedia of Government and Politics: 2-volume set'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-1-136-91332-7}} pp. 270–271&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna ugu baaqay in loo furo albaabada ijtihadka halkii indho la'aan loogu dayan lahaa aqoonyahannada.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=150}} Wuxuu ugu baaqay jihad ka dhan ah kuwa uu u tixgeliyay gaalo,{{Refn|group=note|Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} p. 6}} laakiin qoraalladiisu waxay lahaayeen oo kaliya doorkii ugu yaraa intii uu babacayay.{{Refn|group=note|Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri. SUNY Press. pp. 129–130.}} Qarnigii 18aad ee Carabiya, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, oo ay saameeyeen shaqooyinka Ibn Taymiyya iyo Ibn al-Qayyim, wuxuu aasaasay dhaqdhaqaaq loo yaqaan Wahhabism si loo laabto waxa uu u arkay Islaamka aan la badalin.&lt;ref&gt;Donald Quataert ''The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-83910-5}} p. 50&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu cambaareeyay caadooyinka badan ee maxalliga ah ee Islaamka, sida bisitaynta qabriga Muhammad ama Imamyada Shiicada, maaddaama ay yihiin bidco cusub iyo dambi&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 260&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna burburiyay dhagaxyada iyo geedaha xurmada leh, goobaha Sufida, Qabuuraha al-Baqi, qabuuraha Muhammad iyo asxaabtiisa iyo Qabriga Imam Husayn, oo ah goob muhiim ah oo loo bisiteeyo Shiicada.{{Refn|group=note|Graves desecrated in Mizdah, Libya Herald, 2013}}{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=146}} Wuxuu dhisay isbahaysi uu la leeyahay qoyska Saud, oo marka la joogo 1920-yadii ay dhammaystireen qabsashadooda dhulka noqon doona Sacuudi Carabiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Musa-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite thesis |title=The Emergence of a Scholar from a Garrison Society: A contextual analysis of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhāb's doctrine in the light of the Qur'ān and Hadīth |url=https://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/id/eprint/2096/ |publisher=University of Wales Trinity Saint David |date=2022-08-23 |degree=masters |language=en |first=Shahajada Md |last=Musa |access-date=19 December 2023 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nicolas Laos ''The Metaphysics of World Order: A Synthesis of Philosophy, Theology, and Politics'' Wipf and Stock Publishers 2015 {{ISBN|978-1-4982-0102-5}} p. 177&lt;/ref&gt; Ma Wanfu iyo Ma Debao waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa salafida qarnigii 19aad sida Sailaifengye ee Shiinaha ka dib markii ay ka soo laabteen Makka laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa dhibay oo lagu qasbay inay dhuuntaan kooxaha Sufida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Barry M.|last=Rubin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&amp;pg=PA79|page=79|title=Guide to Islamist Movements|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=0-7656-1747-1|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxaha kale waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Sufinimada halkii ay ka diadi lahaayeen, iyagoo Senusiyya iyo Muhammad Ahmad ay labadooduba dagaallameen oo ay dhiseen dawlado ku kala yaalla Liibiya iyo Sudaan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=147}} Hindiya, Shah Waliullah Dehlawi wuxuu isku deyey qaab dib u heshiisiin ah oo ka dhan ah Sufinimada wuxuuna saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=149}} Jawaab ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi, dhaqdhaqaaqa Barelwi waxaa loo aasaasay sida dhaqdhaqaaq dadweyne, iyadoo la difaacaayay Sufinimada caanka ah oo la dib u habaynayay dhaqankeeda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Canfield |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3JhKNSk8tQC&amp;pg=PAPA131 |title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52291-5 |pages=131– |access-date=1 December 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sanyal |first=Usha |date=23 July 1998 |title=Generational Changes in the Leadership of the Ahl-e Sunnat Movement in North India during the twentieth Century |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/generational-changes-in-the-leadership-of-the-ahle-sunnat-movement-in-north-india-during-the-twentieth-century/8AAAC4CFEFC4F4084731C3964A5CAE84 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=635–656 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X98003059 |via=Cambridge Core |access-date=23 February 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Interior of Al Aqsa Mosque Jerusalem. 1900-1910 (id.22715311).jpg|thumb|Sannadkii 1969 Dabka Masjidka Al-Aqsa, oo sidoo cuali burburiyay Minbarkii Saladin, wuxuu keenay ver-xaasidnimo taabtay dunida Muslinka wuxuuna ahaa kicin muhiim ah oo loo aasaasay Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka.]]
Dunida Muslinka waxay guud ahaan ku jirtay hoos u dhac siyaasadeed markii ay bilaabatay 1800-yadii, gaar ahaan marka la barbardhigo awoodaha Yuuroop ee aan Muslinka ahayn. Horey, qarnigii 15aad, Reconquista waxay ku guuleysatay inay dhameeyo joogitaanka Muslinka ee Iberia. Marka la joogo qarnigii 19aad, British East India Company waxay si rasmi ah u qabsatay boqortooyada Mughal ee Hindiya.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=358, 378–380, 624}} Sida jawaab ka dhan ah Imperialisamka Reer Galbeedka, aqoonyahanno badan waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Buzpinar |first=Ş. Tufan |date=March 2007 |title=Celal Nuri's Concepts of Westernization and Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-eastern-studies_2007-03_43_2/page/247 |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.1080/00263200601114091 |jstor=4284539|s2cid=144461915 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Casriyeynta Islaamka, oo markii hore loo bixiyay aqoonyahannada Reer Galbeedka sida Salafiyya, waxay soo dhoweysay qiimayaasha casriga ah iyo machadyada sida demokaraasiyada iyadoo la raacaayo qoraallada diinta. Hogaamiyayaasha muhiimka ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa ka mid ah Muhammad 'Abduh iyo Jamal al-Din al-Afghani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|pages=231–232}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abul A'la Maududi wuxuu caawiyay saamaynta Islaamka siyaasadeed ee casriga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 January 2014 |title=Political Islam: A movement in motion |work=Economist Magazine |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2014/01/political-islam |access-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Wilfred Cantwell |title=Islam in Modern History |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1957 |isbn=0-691-03030-8 |page=233 |author-link=Wilfred Cantwell Smith}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku dhow qaanuunka casriga ah, shariicada markii ugu horreysay ayaa qayb ahaan loo qoray shaqo ahaan sannadkii 1869 ku dhex-jirtay koodka Mecelle ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta. Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta waxay dissilftay ka dib Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Dunida, Khilafadii Cusmaaniyiinta waa la joojiyay 1924&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 June – 5 July 2000 |title=New Turkey |work=Al-Ahram Weekly |issue=488 |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=16 May 2010 |archive-date=4 Bisha Tobnaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004145229/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Khilafadii Sharifian ee ka dib waxay u dhacday si doob ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=الوطن |first1=جريدة |last2=webmaster |date=2020-05-05 |title=&quot;مملكة الحجاز&quot;.. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح |url=https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=جريدة الوطن |language=ar |url-status=dead |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516230552/https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bani Issa |first=Mohammad Saleh |date=2023-11-01 |title=Factors of stability and sustainable development in Jordan in its first centenary 1921–2021 (an analytical descriptive study) |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=11 |article-number=e20993 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20993 |issn=2405-8440 |doi-access=free|pmid=37928029 |pmc=10623165 |bibcode=2023Heliy...920993B }}&lt;/ref&gt; sidaas darteed iyadoo ka tagaysa Islaamka oo aan lahayn Khaliif.&lt;ref name=&quot;والخلفاء-2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=والخلفاء |first=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r-5EAAAQBAJ |title=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية والخلفاء |date=2023-03-31 |publisher=Austin Macauley Publishers |isbn=978-1-3984-9251-6 |language=en |access-date=26 December 2023 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Taageerayaasha Mideynta Islaamka waxay isku deyeyeen inay mideeyaan Muslinka waxayna tartan la galeen awoodaha qarannimada ee korayay, sida Pan-Arabisamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Doran |first=Michael |title=Pan-Arabism before Nasser: Egyptian power politics and the Palestine question |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford university press |isbn=978-0-19-512361-6 |series=Studies in Middle Eastern history |location=New York Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Landau |first=Yaʿaqov M. |title=The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization |date=1994 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-827709-5 |edition=[Rev. and updated] paperback (with additions and corr.) |location=Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka (OIC), oo ka kooban waddamada Muslinka ah, waxaa la aasaasay 1969 ka dib gubiddii Masjidka Al-Aqsa ee Qudus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 December 2010 |title=Organization of the Islamic Conference |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1555062.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xiriirka la la leeyahay waddamada warshadaha leh wuxuu keenay dadka Muslinka ah dhulal cusub iyada oo loo marayo u-guuritaanka dhaqaalaha. Muslin badan ayaa u guuray sida shaqaale heshiis ku jooga (u badan oo ka yimid Hindiya iyo Indoneesiya) Karibiyaanka, iyagoo dhisay dadka ugu waaweyn ee Muslinka ah inta la joogo boqolkiiba ee Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{sfnp|Haddad|Smith|2002|p=271}}&lt;/ref&gt; U-guuritaanka ka yimid Siiriya iyo Lubnaan wuxuu ku soo kordhiyay dadka Muslinka ah ee Laatiin Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Zabel|first=Darcy|title=Arabs in the Americas: Interdisciplinary Essays on the Arab Diaspora|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2006|isbn=9780820481111|location=Austria|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Natiijadii magaalooyinka iyo kordhinta ganacsiga ee Afrika ka hooseysa Saxara waxay keentay Muslinka inay degaan dhulal cusub oo ay faafiyaan diintooda, iyadoo lagu qiyaasay inay laba-laabatay dadkeeda Muslinka ah u dhaxeysa 1869 iyo 1914.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=722}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Casrigii ee Horumarsanaa (Qarnigii 20aad–Ilaa Hada) ===
[[File:13. Session of the Islamic Summit Conference.jpg|thumb|Hoggaamiyeyaasha dalalka Islaamka intii uu socday kalfadhigii 2016 ee Shirka Iskaashiga Islaamka ee Istambul, Turkiga. Trikiiba saddex sano, OIC waxay isku brings dhammaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Muslinka.|upright=1.35]]
Aabbayaashii casriyeynta Islaamka waxay saameeyeen dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka sida Ikhwaanul Muslimeen iyo xisbiyada la xiriira ee dunida Carabta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 August 2011 |title=Are secular forces being squeezed out of Arab Spring? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14447820 |access-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=23 December 2008 |title=Jordanian students rebel, embracing conservative Islam |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/world/middleeast/24jordan.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuwaas oo si wanaagsan uga dhex muuqday doorashooyinkii ka dambeeyay Guudkii Carabta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kirkpatrick |first=David D. |date=3 December 2011 |title=Egypt's vote puts emphasis on split over religious rule |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/world/middleeast/egypts-vote-propels-islamic-law-into-spotlight.html |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jamaat-e-Islami ee Koonfurta Aasiya iyo Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarinta (AK Party), oo si kemokaraasi ah xukuma Turkiga tobanaan sano. Iiraan, Kacdoonkii Iiraan wuxuu beddelay boqortooyadii laimaaniyadda ee Reer Galbeedku taageerayay iyadoo la dhisay Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah. Kuwa kale sida Sayyid Rashid Rida waxay ka go'een casriyeeyayaasha Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|page=237|quote=&quot;Prior to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, leading reformers who happened to be Salafi in creed were surprisingly open-minded: although they adhered to neo-Hanbali theology. However, the aftermath of the First World War and the expansion of European colonialism paved the way for a series of shifts in thought and attitude. The experiences of Rida offer many examples... he turned against the Shi'is who dared, with reason, to express doubts about the Saudi-Wahhabi project... . Shi'is were not the only victims: Rida and his associates showed their readiness to turn against fellow Salafis who questioned some of the Wahhabis' religious interpretations.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ka hortageen soo dhowaynta waxa uu u arkayay saamaynta Reer Galbeedka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=G. Rabil|first=Robert|title=Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-62616-116-0|location=Washington DC, US|pages=32–33|quote=&quot;Western colonialists established in these countries political orders... that, even though not professing enmity to Islam and its institutions, left no role for Islam in society. This caused a crisis among Muslim reformists, who felt betrayed not only by the West but also by those nationalists, many of whom were brought to power by the West...  Nothing reflects this crisis more than the ideological transformation of Rashid Rida (1865–1935)... He also revived the works of Ibn Taymiyah by publishing his writings and promoting his ideas. Subsequently, taking note of the cataclysmic events brought about by Western policies in the Muslim world and shocked by the abolition of the caliphate, he transformed into a Muslim intellectual mostly concerned about protecting Muslim culture, identity, and politics from Western influence. He supported a theory that essentially emphasized the necessity of an Islamic state in which the scholars of Islam would have a leading role... Rida was a forerunner of Islamist thought. He apparently intended to provide a theoretical platform for a modern Islamic state. His ideas were later incorporated into the works of Islamic scholars. Significantly, his ideas influenced none other than Hassan al-Bannah, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt... The Muslim Brethren have taken up Rida's Islamic fundamentalism, a right-wing radical movement founded in 1928,..&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxda ISIS waxay xitaa isku deyday inay dib u samayso diinaarkii dahabka ahaa ee casriga ahaa si uu u noqdo pambakooda lacagta. Halka kuwii ka go'ay ay qaarkood ahaayeen kuwa ka gaabsada siyaasadda, kuwo kale waxay rumechsanaayeen dhibaataynta kuwa ka soo horjeeda, xitaa Muslinka kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins |title=Isis to mint own Islamic dinar coins in gold, silver and copper |work=The Guardian |date=21 November 2014 |access-date=31 July 2022 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka hortagga dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka, qarnigii 20aad ee Turkiga, ciidanku waxay sameeyeen afgembiyo si ay xukuumadaha Islaamiga ah uga tuuraan xukanka, sidoo kale xijabka ayaa si sharci ah loo xaddiday, sida ay sidoo kale ka dhacday Tuniisiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 April 2011 |title=Huge rally for Turkish secularism |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6604643.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Saleh |first=Heba |date=15 October 2011 |title=Tunisia moves against headscarves |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6053380.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhulalka kale, awoodda diinta ayaa la maamulay iyada oo hadda loo arko puppeto oo ay dawladdu maamusho. Tusaale ahaan, Sacuudi Carabiya, dawladdu waxay keligeed maamushay aqoonta diinta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 June 2007 |title=Laying down the law: Islam's authority deficit |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2007/06/28/islams-authority-deficit |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Masar, dawladdu waxay qarameysay Jaamacadda Al-Azhar, oo hore u ahayd igo madax-bannaan oo xaddida awoodda dawladda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| title = The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought| last1 = Bowering | first1 = Gerhard | last2=Mirza |first2=Mahan |last3=Crone |first3=Patricia| year = 2013 | publisher = Princeton University Press | page=59| isbn = 9780691134840
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salafiyada waxaa dhaqaale lagu siiyay Bariga Dhexe sababtoo ah ka gaabsashadeeda siyaasadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=18 October 2008 |title=Ultraconservative Islam on rise in Mideast |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna27256187 |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=MSNBC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sacuudi Carabiya waxay ololayso ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiga ah ee kacdoonka ah ee Bariga Dhexe, iyadoo ka soo horjeedda Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Almukhtar |first1=Sarah |last2=Peçanha |first2=Sergio |last3=Wallace |first3=Tim |date=5 January 2016 |title=Behind Stark Political Divisions, a More Complex Map of Sunnis and Shiites |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/sunni-shiite-map-middle-east-iran-saudi-arabia.html |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiro yar oo Muslin ah oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha kala duwan ayaa loo dhibay sida koox diimeed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Thames |first1=Knox |title=Why the Persecution of Muslims Should Be on Biden's Agenda |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/muslims-islam-china-india-myanmar-persecution-repression-biden-human-rights/ |work=Foreign Policy Magazine |date=6 January 2021 |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tan waxaa sameeyay xoogagga shuuciga ah sida Khmer Rouge, kuwaas oo u arkayay inay yihiin armigooda koowaad ee la cirbootinayo maaddaama dhaqankooda diimeed uu ka dhigay kuwa ka dhex muuqda dadka kale,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Perrin |first=Andrew |date=10 October 2003 |title=Weakness in numbers |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/archive/6894001/weakness-in-numbers/ |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xisbiga Shuuciga Shiinaha ee Xinjiang&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Beydoun |first1=Khaled A. |title=For China, Islam is a 'mental illness' that needs to be 'cured' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/china-islam-mental-illness-cured-181127135358356.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xoogagga qarannimada sida intii uu socday xasuuqii Bosniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Mojzes |first=Paul |title=Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4422-0663-2|page=178}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ciidanka Miyanmaar ee Tatmadaw oo bartilmaameedsanayay Muslinka Rohingya waxaa loogu yeeray dambi ka dhan ah aadamnimada ay sameeyeen Qaraamada Midoobay iyo Amnesty International,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Oliver Holmes |date=19 December 2016 |title=Myanmar's Rohingya campaign 'may be crime against humanity' |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/19/myanmars-rohingya-campaign-may-be-against-humanity |url-status=live |access-date=5 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2016|title=Rohingya abuse may be crimes against humanity: Amnesty|website=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/19/rohingya-abuse-may-be-crimes-against-humanity-amnesty/|access-date=2023-02-21|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Xafiiska Qaraamada Midoobay ee Wakiilka Sare ee Xaqiiqo-raadinta uu ka helay xasuuq, sifeyn qowmiyadeed, iyo dambiyo kale oo ka dhan ah aadamnimada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/MyanmarFFM/Pages/ReportoftheMyanmarFFM.aspx|title=Report of Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar |date=27 August 2018|website=ohchr.org|access-date=14 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Horumarka isgaarsiinta dunida wuxuu teshay faafinta ballaaran ee aqoonta diinta. Qaadashada xijabka waxay noqotay mid ka sii badan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=28 January 2007 |title=In Egypt, a new battle begins over the veil |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28slackman.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo aqoonyahanno badan oo Muslin ah waxay si kordhayay isku deyayaan inay ka soocaan caqiidooyinka diinta Islaamka iyo dhaqammada caadiga ah.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=41}} Kooxaha kale dhexdiisa, helitaanka macluumaadka wuxuu keenay kordhinta wacdiyayaasha &quot;televangelist&quot; ee caanka ah, sida Amr Khaled, kuwaas oo kula tartama culumada caadiga ah gaaritaankooda oo ay ka dhigeen awoodda diinta mid aan hal xarun ku dhuftayn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=263}} Sharraxaadaha &quot;gaarka ah&quot; ee Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;V. Šisler: ''The Internet and the Construction of Islamic Knowledge in Europe'' p. 212&lt;/ref&gt; waxay si muuqata u dhex-galaan Muslinka Liberaalka ah oo isku deyaya inay waafajiyaan dhaqammada diinta iyo xukunkii laimaaniyadda ee casriga ah,{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=118–119, 179}}{{sfnp|Rippin|2001|p=288}} hab ka mid ah kuwa ay dhaleeceeyeen qaarkood oo ku saabsan waafaqsanaantiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Adams, Charles J.|editor1-last=Esposito|editor1-first=John L.|title=Voices of Resurgent Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen|url-access=registration|date=1983|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen/page/113 113–4] |chapter=Maududi and the Islamic State|quote=[Maududi believed that] when religion is relegated to the personal realm, men inevitably give way to their bestial impulses and perpetrate evil upon one another. In fact it is precisely because they wish to escape the restraints of morality and the divine guidance that men espouse secularism.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Meisami|first=Sayeh|date=2013|title='Abdolkarim Soroush |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0034.xml|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-12 |website=Oxford Bibliographies|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale, laimaaniyaddu waxaa loo arkaa fikrad shisheeye oo ay ku soo impose gareeyeen qabsadayaashii oo ay adkeeyeen maamulayaasha ka dambeeyay gumeysiga,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Secularism, State Neutrality, and Islam|author=Abdullah Saeed|encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Secularism|editor1=Phil Zuckerman|editor2=John R. Shook |url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/abstract/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199988457-e-12|year=2017|page=188 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.12|isbn=978-0-19-998845-7|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo inta badan loo fahmo inay u dhiganto ka-horjeedda diinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|author=Nader Hashemi|title=Secularism|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0714|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tirada Dadka ==
{{Main|Dunida Muslinka|Ummah}}

{{See also|Islaamka waddan ahaan|Koraanka dadka Muslinka ah}}
[[File:2020+ Proportion of people in world religions.svg |thumb|Boqolkiiba inta qof ee diimaha dunida. Muslinku waxay ka yihiin dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, taas oo ah tiro yar oo ka hooseysa Masiixiyiinta.&lt;ref name=Pew_20250609&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hackett |first1=Conrad |last2=Stonawski |first2=Marcin |last3=Tong |first3=Yunping |last4=Kramer |first4=Stephanie |last5=Shi |first5=Anne |last6=Fahmy |first6=Dalia |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |publisher=Pew Research Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222070137/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |archive-date=22 February 2026 |date=9 June 2025 |url-status=live |quote=Source: Pew Research Center estimates based on more than 2,700 censuses and surveys. &quot;How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Marka la joogo 2020, dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, ama dhawaan 2&amp;nbsp;bilyan oo qof, waa Muslin.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewresearch.orgReligion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project |date=21 December 2022 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128120036/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.pewresearch.org-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 December 2022 |title=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205195540/https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|date=27 January 2011|access-date=26 October 2022|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930233955/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | title=Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world | date=9 August 2017 | access-date=19 December 2022 | archive-date=8 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108121140/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Growth-2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |author-link2=Conrad Hackett |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-date=2019-05-14 |website=Fact Tank |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=2017-04-06 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1900, qiyaastani waxay ahayd 12.3%,&lt;ref name=&quot;Barrett-2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Barrett |first1=David B. |last2=Kurian |first2=George T. |last3=Johnson |first3=Todd M. |title=World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World |volume=1: The World by Countries: Religionists, Churches, Ministries |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |page=4 |isbn=978-0195079630 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannadkii 1990 waxay ahayd 19.9%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Research Center-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite report |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyada oo saadaalintu ay muujinayso in heerku noqon doono 29.7% marka la joogo 2050.{{rp|8}} Ugu kooban uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020 waxay heshay in dadka Muslinka ah ee dunidu ay ahaayeen kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badnayd tobankii sano, inta badan sababtoo ah Muslinku waxay u janjeeraan inay ku yar yihiin da'da oo ay leeyihiin heer dhalmo oo sarreeya—laba walxood oo muhiim ah oo kexeeya koraanka caadiga ah ee dadka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |page=9|quote=Increases in the global Muslim population are largely due to Muslims having a relatively young age structure and high fertility rate, two characteristics that result in natural population growth.}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|9}} Sida ku xuso qiyaasta dadka ee 2020, 65% dadka Muslinka ah waxay ku dhex jiraan toban waddan, iyada oo dadka ugu waaweyni ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, Bangaladeesh, Nayjeeriya, Masar, Iiraan, Turkiga, Sudaan, iyo Aljeeriya, marka loo eego sida ay u kala hooseeyaan. Indoneesiya waxay xarun u tahay ka badan 230,000,000 oo Muslin ah, Bakistaan ka badan 220,000,000, Hindiya ka badan 210,000,000, Bangaladeesh ka badan 150,000,000, Nayjeeriya ka badan 110,000,000, Masar ka badan 100,000,000, Iiraan iyo Turkiga midkiiba ka badan 80,000,000, iyo Sudaan iyo Aljeeriya midkiiba ka badan 40,000,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/muslim-population-change/|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020: 3. Muslim population change|date=9 June 2025|access-date=12 February 2026|website=Pew Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Boqolkiiba Muslinka ee dunida waddan ahaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2015&quot; /&gt;]]Sida ku xuso warbixin ay soo saartay CNN, &quot;Islaamku wuxuu soo jiitay dad soo Islaamay oo ka soo jeeda dhammaan heerarka nolosha, gaar ahaan Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fast-growing Islam winning converts in Western world |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |access-date=6 May 2016 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015114027/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingiriiska, dhawaan 6,000 oo qof ayaa soo Islaama sannad walba, iyada oo sida ku xuso maqaal ku jira British Muslims Monthly Survey, badanka dadka cusub ee soo Islaama ee Ingiriiska ay ahaayeen dumarka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |title=British Muslims Monthly Survey for June 2000, Vol. VIII, No. 6 |at=Women convert |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2008-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214160750/http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku xuso The Huffington Post, &quot;ilaaliyayaashu waxay qiyaasayaan in illaa 20,000 oo Ameerikan ah ay soo Islaamaan sannad walba&quot;, badankoodu ay yihiin dumarka iyo Muslinka Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-08-24 |title=Conversion To Islam One Result Of Post-9/11 Curiosity |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=HuffPost |language=en |archive-date=2021-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111201117/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Julie |author-last=Bindel |author-link=Julie Bindel |title=Why do Western Women Convert? |url=http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |access-date=8 May 2016 |work=Standpoint |date=26 April 2010 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102003/http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale boqolkiiba iyo tirada guud ahaan, Islaamku waa kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badan dunida, iyadoo la saadaalinayo inay noqoto ta ugu weyn dunida dhamaadka qarniga 21aad, iyadoo ka badanaysa Masiixiyada. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in marka la joogo 2050, tirada Muslinka ay u dhowaan doonto tirada Masiixiyiinta ee dunida, &quot;sababtoo ah da'da yar iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka marka loo barbardhigo kooxaha kale ee diimaha.&quot;{{rp|70}}
=== Xituunta Pew Research ===
Dhawaan 49 waddan ayaa ah kuwo dadka ugu badan ee ku nooli ay Muslin yihiin,{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=11}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ba-Yunus |first1=Ilyas |title=Muslims in the United States |last2=Kone, Kassim |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu/page/n186 172] |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-313-32825-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Landscape-2012&quot;&gt;{{cite report |author=The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life |title=The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323215026/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-23 |date=December 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Islam in Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia/ |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=Anadolu News Agency |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024349/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Book review: Russia's Muslim Heartlands reveals diverse population |date=21 April 2018 |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |work=The National |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210257/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyada oo 62% Muslinka dunidu ay ku nool yihiin Aasiya, halka 683 milyan oo taabacsan ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, iyo Bangaladeesh keligood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Projections-2050&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207115222/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-date=2017-02-07 |website=Pew Research Center |publisher=Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life |date=2015-04-02 |type=Projections table |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Secrets of Islam |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |website=U.S. News &amp; World Report |archive-date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122200555/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |url-status=live }} Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005).&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|pp=15, 17}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Pechilis |first1=Karen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |title=South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today |last2=Raj |first2=Selva J. |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-44851-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&amp;pg=PA193 193] |access-date=3 May 2019 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024331/https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Carabta ah waxay samayeeyaan kooxda qowmiyadeed ee ugu weyn Muslinka dhexdeeda ee dunida,&lt;ref name=&quot;Nydell-2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Nydell |first=Margaret Kleffner |title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times |edition=4th |location=Yarmouth, Maine |publisher=Intercultural Press |year=2005 |pages=xxiii, 14 |isbn=978-1931930253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024737/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaa ku xiga Bangaaliyiinta&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Richard Eaton|editor=Barbara D. Metcalf|title=Islam in South Asia in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C|date=8 September 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-3138-8|page=275|chapter=Forest Clearing and the Growth of Islam in Bengal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&amp;pg=PA50 |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |author1=Meghna Guhathakurta |author2=Willem van Schendel |page=50 |date=30 April 2013 |publisher=Duke University Press |access-date=7 November 2016 |isbn=978-0822353188 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707092408/https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&amp;pg=PA50 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Bunjaabiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|page=1|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaasaha badankood waxay muujinayaan in Shiinaha ay ku nool yihiin dhawaan 20 illaa 30 milyan oo Muslin ah (1.5% illaa 2% dadka waddanka).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |work=The World Factbook |title=Explore All Countries – China |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |access-date=15 September 2009 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=13 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213122152/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=China (includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet) |website=Archived Content |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710075050/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka ka jira Yurub waa diinta labaad ee ugu weyn Masiixiyadda ka dib waddamo badan dhexdeeda, iyada oo heerarka koraanka ay inta badan ku yimaadaan soogalootiga iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka ee 2005,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 December 2005 |title=Muslims in Europe: Country guide |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=29 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929213440/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo samaynaysay 4.9% dhammaan dadka Yurub ee 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe|date=November 29, 2017|work=Pew Research Center|first=Conrad|last=Hackett|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105202657/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sida ku xuso Xituunta Pew Research, soo Islaamidda ma laha saameyn weyn oo saafi ah oo ku saabsan koraanka dadka Muslinka ah maadaama &quot;tirada dadka ku soo Islaama diinta ay u dhowdahay inay la mid tahay tirada Muslinka ah ee ka baxda diinta.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |section=Conversion |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |section-url=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors/#conversion |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |quote=there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the faith |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211126/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bagse, Islaamku wuxuu ka helayaa faa'iido yar oo ah 3 milyan oo qof marka loo eego isbeddelka diimaha u dhexeya 2010 iyo 2050, inta badan ka timaada Afrika Sub-Sahara (2.9 milyan).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|title=Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.43|access-date=4 May 2016|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150429153811/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|title=The Changing Global Religious Landscape|work=Pew Research Center|date=5 April 2017|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218030628/https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku xuso uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020, dhawaan 1% dadka waaweyn ee ku soo koray Muslimnimada ayaa ka baxa diinta, halka boqolkiiba la mid ah —dhawaan 1%— ay ka soo Islaamaan diimaha kale, taas oo keenta heer hoose oo isbeddel diimeed ah oo soo gala ama ka baxa Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2029&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US|page=39|quote=Muslims and Hindus have been the least likely to gain or lose adherents from religious switching. About one in every 100 adults raised Muslim (or Hindu) has left their childhood religion, and a similar number from a different religious category have switched into Islam (or Hinduism).}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutaaniqada Islaamka ka baxday waxay u janjeeraan inay u wareegaan diin kale halkii ay ka noqon lahaayeen kuwo aan diin lahayn.

== Qaybaha Waaweyn ==
{{Main|Xiriirka Shiicada iyo Sunnada|Qadiir Khum|Saqiifa|Ciidul Qadiir}}

=== Matalaadda Qadiir Khum iyo Saqiifa ===
[[File:Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.162r miniature.jpg|thumb|Magacaabiddii Cali uu Muxammad ku magacaabay Qadiir Khum, 1307 AD fardawsa Ilkhanid.]]
Tukhtaan muhiim ah ayaa ka dhacay 632 ee Qadiir Khum, halkaas oo Muxammad, obo yar ka hor dhimashadiisa, uu gacanta ku qabtay Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, uu ka jeediyay khudbad uu ku yiri &quot;Kii aan ahay ''mowlahiisa'', Cali waa ''mowlahiisa''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam |author-first=Maria Massi |author-last=Dakake |year=2007 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791470336 |author-link=Maria Massi Dakake}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Veccia Vaglieri|first=L.|date=2012|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|section=G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm|publisher=Brill|access-date=July 14, 2023|isbn=9789004161214|archive-date=14 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714174420/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Campo|2009|pp=257–258}} Ereyga mowla wuxuu leeyahay macnayaal kala duwan oo ku xiran xaaladda, oo ay ku jiraan sayid, ilaaliye, xulafo, taageere, iyo mid awood leh. Shiicada dhexdeeda, waxaa loo fahmaa magacaabidda rasmiga ah ee Muxammad uu Cali uga dhigay beddelkiisa. Sunnadu sidoo kale waxay aqbashaa in tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum uu dhacay iyadoo Muxammad uu yiri hadalkaas ku saabsan Cali. Bagse, uma tarjumaan hadalka inuu yahay magacaabidda Cali ee beddelka Muxammad. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay u tarjumaan ereyga mowla xaaladdan inuu u muuqdo saaxiib dhow, taageere, ama mid mudan daacadnimo iyo kalsooni. Sidaas darteed, waxay u arkaan bayaanka inuu yahay caddayn ah xushmadda Muxammad uu u hayay Cali, iyagoo hoos u dhigaya muhiimadda tukhtaanka.

Kalfadhigii Saqiifa wuxuu dhacay obo yar ka dib dhimashadii Muxammad ee 632, halkaas oo Abu Bakar looga doortay beddelkiisa oo uu ku noqday Khaliifkii koowaad. Saqiifa waxay ka mid tahay tukhtaannada ugu muranka badan Islaamka, sababtoo ah ka saarida tiro badan oo ka mid ah Saxaabada Muxammad, oo ay ku jiraan Ahlul Bayt iyo gaar ahaan Cali. Cali iyo tiro badan oo ka mid ah qoyska Muxammad waxay weli ku jireen aasitaanka nabiga markii uu tukhtaanku dhacayay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |doi-access=free |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |eissn=1477-4585 |issn=0002-7189 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the &quot;lord&quot; or &quot;master&quot; of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |issn=0002-7189 |eissn=1477-4585 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the &quot;lord&quot; or &quot;master&quot; of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century. |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Amir-Moezzi |author-first=Mohammad Ali |title=Ghadīr Khumm |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=Third |editor1-first=Kate |editor1-last=Fleet |editor2-first=Gudrun |editor2-last=Krämer |editor3-first=Denis |editor3-last=Matringe |editor4-first=John |editor4-last=Nawas |editor5-first=Devin J. |editor5-last=Stewart |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |year=2014 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |isbn=9789004269613 |author-link=Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay qabaan in Muxammad uu u daayay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee saxaabada inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Cali hore loogu magacaabay beddelka Muxammad ee tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan tukhtaannadii Saqiifa inay ahaayeen kuwo dhaafay xaqiisii beddelka. Dhibaatada beddelka waxay noqotay sababtii ugu horreysay ee qeybsanaanta Muslinka oo keentay soo bixitaanka labada qaybood ee waaweyn ee Islaamka, Sunna iyo Shiica.
=== Islaamka Sunnada ah ===
{{Main|Islaamka Sunnada ah}}
[[File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art mss 0311 fol 190b-191a.jpg|thumb|Faraq-qoraal ah oo [[Saxiix al-Bukhari]] ah oo ka soo jeeda qarnigii 14aad, ururintii ugu horreysay ee [[xadiis]] ee [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Buug]] ee [[Islaamka Sunnada ah]].]]
Islaamka Sunnada ah waa qaybta ugu weyn ee Islaamka iyada oo ah mhabka diimeed ee ugu weyn dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of religious populations {{!}} Largest Religions, Smallest Religions, Lists, Data, &amp; Overview {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-religious-populations|access-date=2025-07-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunni |title=Sunni |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430101807/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Sunni Islam |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2014 |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |access-date=10 January 2010 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005013247/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |date=20101028144120 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Denny-2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Denny |first=Frederick |author-link=Frederick M. Denny |title=Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |page=3 |isbn=978-0199804153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&amp;pg=PA3 |quote=Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90%) of that community. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Lawson |first1=Russell M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_krEEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=islam+based+on+the+teachings+of+muhammad&amp;pg=PA419 |title=Science in the Ancient World: From Antiquity through the Middle Ages |date=23 September 2021 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-7353-9 |page=419 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha &quot;''Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah''&quot;, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;dadka [[Sunnah|sunnada]] (dhaqankii Muxammad) iyo jamacaadka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ahl as-Sunnah |encyclopedia=Islam Ansiklopedisi |publisher=Turkish Diyanet Foundation |location=Istanbul |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |last=Yavuz |first=Yusuf Şevki |date=1994 |volume=10 |pages=525–530 |lang=tr |access-date=28 December 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228114411/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka Sunnada ah mararka qaarkood waxaa loo yaqaanaa &quot;Islaamka Ortodokska ah&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=John Richard Thackrah |title=Dictionary of Terrorism |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135165956 |edition=2, revised |page=252}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation |date=2009 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004172739 |editor1-last=Nasir |editor1-first=Jamal J. |edition=revised |page=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=George W. Braswell |title=What You Need to Know about Islam &amp; Muslims |date=2000 |publisher=B&amp;H Publishing Group |isbn=978-0805418293 |edition=illustrated |page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt; ingawa aqoonyahanada qaar ay u arkaan inaysan habboonayn, iyada oo Sunni-nimada ka baxsan ay dad badan u arki karaan fahan xumaan.&lt;ref&gt;An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: &quot;Sunni: Of or pertaining ''sunna'', especially the ''Sunna'' of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, ''mubtadi'', from ''bid'a'', the contrary of ''sunna'' and so 'innovation'.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Sunnadu waxay adkaynaysaa in Muxammad uusan magacaabin beddel, wuxuuna u dhaafay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee Saqiifa inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay inta badan u noqdaan lixda buug ee xadiiska ee waaweyn arrimaha sharciga, iyagoo u raaca mid ka mid ah afar madhabood ee fiqhiga: [[Hanafi school|Xanafi]], [[Hanbali school|Xanbali]], [[Maliki school|Maaliki]], [[Shafi'i school|Shaafi'i]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|pp=275, 306}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cilmiga tawxiidka ee athariga ah waa madhab Sunni ah oo feker ah, oo uu si weyn ugu doodi jiray Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855 CE), oo lagu garto u noqoshada fahanka qoraalka ah ee Qur'aanka iyo sunnada, aמונה ah in Qur'aanku yahay mid aan la abuurin oo weligeed ah, iyo ka soo horjeeda cilmiga caqliga, ee loo yaqano kalam, marka loo eego arrimaha diinta iyo anshaxa.&lt;ref&gt;Hadi Enayat ''Islam and Secularism in Post-Colonial Thought: A Cartography of Asadian Genealogies'' Springer Publishing, 30 June 2017 {{ISBN|978-3-319-52611-9}} p.48&lt;/ref&gt; Maaturidiyada, oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944 CE), waxay leedahay qoraalka la soo dejiyay looma baahna anshaxa asaasiga ah iyada oo wanaagga iyo xawliga lagu fahmi karo caqliga keligiis,&lt;ref&gt;Rico Isaacs, Alessandro Frigerio ''Theorizing Central Asian Politics: The State, Ideology and Power'' Springer Publishing 2018 {{ISBN|978-3-319-97355-5}} p. 108&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin dadku waxay u noqdaan waxyiga arrimaha ka baxsan fahanka bahaamka. Ash'ariyada, oo uu aasaasay Al-Ashʿarī (c. 874–936), waxay leedahay anshaxu wuxuu ka imaan karaa oo keliya waxyiga rabbaaniga ah laakiin waxay aqbashaa caqliga arrimaha fasiraadda waxayna isku dartaa hababka Mu'tazilada iyo fikradaha athariga.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|1999|p=280}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salafiyadu waa doonis dib u cusboonaysiin ah oo u dooda u noqoshada dhaqankii qgeneration-kii ugu horreeyay ee Muslinka. Qarnigii 18aad, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab wuxuu kexeeyay dhaqdhaqaaq Salafi ah, oo dadka ka baxsan ay u yaqaanaan Wahaabiya, waddanka maanta loo yaqano Sacuudi Carabiya.&lt;ref&gt;Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} page 8&lt;/ref&gt; Dhaqdhaqaaq la mid ah oo loo yaqano Ahl al-Hadith ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigay dhaqanka sharciga Sunniga ah ee qarniyada jiray, iyagoo door biday inay si toos ah u raacaan Qur'aanka iyo Xadiiska. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunniga ah ee Nurcu waxaa aasaasay Said Nursi (1877–1960); wuxuu isku darayaa qaybo ka mid ah Tasawufka iyo sayniska.&lt;ref name=&quot;Svante E. Cornell p. 283&quot;&gt;Svante E. Cornell ''Azerbaijan Since Independence'' M.E. Sharpe {{ISBN| 9780765630049}} p. 283&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Robert W. Hefner ''Shariʻa Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World'' Indiana University Press 2011 {{ISBN|978-0-253-22310-4}} p. 170&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Islaamka Shiicada ah ===
{{Main|Islaamka Shiicada ah}}
[[File:Folio from a Nahj al-Balagha.gif|thumb|Warqad gacan-qoraal ah oo ka timaada Nahj al-Balagha, ee taariikhdeedu tahay 1149 AD. Nahj al-Balagha waa ururin khudbado, waraaqo, iyo hadallo ah oo uu leeyahay Cali. Waxaa loo arkaa inay ka mid tahay kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee suugaanta Carabiga iyada oo ka joogta meel sare Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.]]
Islaamka Shiicada ah waa qaybta labaad ee ugu weyn Islaamka iyo mid ka mid oo ka mid ah mhabada diimeed ee ugu waaweyn dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Field Listing :: Religions |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231326/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=6 July 2010 |access-date=25 October 2010 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population.&quot; ... &quot;Shia Islam represents 10–15% of Muslims worldwide.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sunni |url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614103622/https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs |quote=Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. &quot;Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.&quot;}} Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha &quot;''Shīʿat ʿAlī''&quot;, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;xisbigii Cali&quot;. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Muxammad uu magacaabay ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, Cali, inuu noqdo beddelkiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|title=Shiʿi|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=28 December 2021|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720054917/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Sunni Islam |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa |publisher=MacMillan Reference |editor-last=Philip Mattar |edition=2nd |author1=Tayeb El-Hibri|author2=Maysam J. al Faruqi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cali waxaa ku xigay silsilad Imaamyo ah oo Ilaah magacaabay oo ka soo jeeda qoyska Muxammad ([[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahlul Bayt]]). Mhabka ugu weyn ee Islaamka Shiicada ah, Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, waxay aqoonsan yihiin Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam inay yihiin hoggaamiyeyaasha Ilaah magacaabay, iyadoo ka bilaabanaysa Cali keligiis oo ku dheehanaysa Mahdiga, oo la rumeysan yahay inuu ku jiro qoyanaanta loona fadhiyo inuu dib u soo laabto Dhamaadka Sannadaha si uu u aasaaso caddaalad oo uu caawin doono Ciise. Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu muhiimad gaar ah siiyaa Ahlul Bayt (qoyska Muxammad), kuwaas oo Muslinka Shiicada ah ay u arkaan inay leeyihiin awood diimeed iyo ruhani ah oo Ilaah siiyay. Qur'aanka, teachings-ka Muxammad (Sunnah), iyo Imaamyada waxay samayeeyaan asaaska ugu muhiimsan ee fekerka diimeed iyo fiqhiga Shiicada. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxaa kexeeya madhabka Jacfariyada ee fiqhiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author1=John Corrigan|author2=Frederick Denny|author3=Martin S Jaffee|author4=Carlos Eire |year=2011 |title=Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions |publisher= Cambridge University Press |id=978-0205026340 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururinta ugu muhiimsan ee xadiiska ee Islaamka Shiicada ah waa Afarta Buug ee Sharciga ah, oo loo yaqano Kitab al-Kafi, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, iyo Al-Istibsar.

Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr qaybood, ta ugu weyn oo ugu muhiimsan waxay tahay Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, oo ay ku xigaan qaybaha yar ee Ismaaciiliyad iyo Saydiyad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social and Military History |editor-first1=Spencer C. |editor-last1=Tucker |editor2=Priscilla Mary Roberts |year=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-842-2 |page=917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&amp;pg=PA917 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&amp;pg=PA917 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Iraq Effect: The Middle East After the Iraq War |first=Frederic M. |last=Wehrey |year=2010 |publisher=Rand Corporation |isbn=978-0-8330-4788-5 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&amp;pg=PA91 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024742/https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&amp;pg=PA91#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|author-link=Andrew J. Newman|title=Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-7833-4|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP18|page=2|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501201413/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|archive-date=1 May 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalkii Karbala, oo uu awoowe u ahaa Nabiga oo ahaa Imaamka saddexaad ee Shiicada, Xuseen ibn Cali, si xun loogu dilay oo madaxa looga jaray iyada oo la dilay badanka xubnaha qoyskiisa, wuxuu siiyay Caliyinta aqoonsi diimeed oo u gaar ah wuxuuna ka qaatay door muhiim ah zhuraalka iyo adkaynta ta noqotay Islaamka Shiicada ah. Wuxuu ka joogaa meel dhexe taariikhda Shiicada, dhaqanka, iyo cilmiga tawxiidka, iyadoo inta badan lagu xuso suugaanta Islaamka. Waa mid ka mid ah waqtiyada ugu murugada badan, muhiimka ah, ee lagu garto taariikhda Islaamka. Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, iyo Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad waa saddexda meelood ee ugu xurmada badan ka dib Masjid al-Xaraam ee Makka, Masjid al-Nabawi ee Madiina, iyo Masjid al-Aqsa ee Qudus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sardeg2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Escobar |first=Pepe |date=May 24, 2002 |title=Knocking on heaven's door |url=http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020603155002/http://atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |archive-date=June 3, 2002 |access-date=2006-11-12 |work=Asia Times Online |quote=our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places... first is Mecca... second is Medina... third belongs to our first imam of Shia, Ali, which is in Najaf. The fourth belongs to our third imam, Hussein, in Kerbala. The last one belongs to the daughter of our seventh imam and sister of our eighth imam, who is called Fatemah, and will be buried in Qom. |department=Central Asia/Russia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam sidoo xushmad lagu hayaa Islaamka Sunnada ah dhexdeeda iyagoo ah xubno ka mid ah qoyska Nabiga Muxammad iyo shakhsiyaad muhiim ah oo ku jira taariikhda Islaamka, iyadoo Sunnadu ay booqdaan dhismooyinkooda xushmad darteed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An Iraqi delegation from the Sunni Endowment visited the Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (PBUH).|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/an-iraqi-delegation-from-the-sunni-endowment-visited-the-holy-shrine-of-imam-ali-pbuh|access-date=2026-02-16|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Waziri|first=Adam Isa|date=2022-11-21|title=Sunni Professors, Scholars From Pakistan Visit Imam Husain's Holy Shrine in Karbala » Education Monitor News|url=https://educationmonitornews.com/sunni-professors-scholars-from-pakistan-visit-imam-husains-holy-shrine-in-karbala/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Education Monitor News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arooj|date=2024-02-01|title=Sunni scholars from Turkey express happiness upon visiting holy shrine of Imam Hussein|url=https://shiawaves.com/english/uncategorized/100914-sunni-scholars-from-turkey-express-happiness-upon-visiting-holy-shrine-of-imam-hussein/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Shia Waves|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16|title=Iraqi Sunni Friday prayer leaders visit Imam Reza (AS) holy shrine|url=https://en.hawzahnews.com/news/358808/Iraqi-Sunni-Friday-prayer-leaders-visit-Imam-Reza-AS-holy-shrine|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Hawzah News Agency|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=English Pakistani Sunnis Visit Imam Reza Shrine|url=https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617090149/https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-date=2025-06-17|access-date=2026-02-16|website=ShiaChat.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14|title=Sunni Cleric: Imam Reza Shrine a Center for Unifying Muslims|url=https://en.abna24.com/news/664698/Sunni-Cleric-Imam-Reza-Shrine-a-Center-for-Unifying-Muslims|access-date=2026-02-17|website=ABNA English|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Imam Reza (A.S.) Is the Symbol of Unity among Islamic Sects.|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/imam-reza-as-is-the-symbol-of-unity-among-islamic-sects|access-date=2026-02-17|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{multiple image
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| image1            = ImamAliShrine2026.jpg
| width1            = 217
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Ciraaq, waxaa loo arkaa Muslinka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda inuu yahay meesha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka ka dib Makka, Madiina iyo Qudus.
| image2            = حرم الامام الحسين.jpg
| width2            = 218
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, Ciraaq, waa meel aad u xurmo badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.
| width3            = 315
| alt3              = 
| footer            = 
| image3            = ImamReza(A).jpg
| caption3          = Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad, Iiraan, waa masjidhka ugu weyn dunida iyadoo ka mid ah meelaha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.
}}
===== Cibaadiyada =====
{{Main|Muhakkima|Cibaadiyada|Khawaarijta}}

Cibaadiyada waa madhab u gaar ah Islaamka waxaana inta badan loo arkaa qaybta saddexaad ee mhabada Islaamka, oo barbar taagan Islaamka Sunnada ah iyo Islaamka Shiicada ah. Xididdadeedu waxay dib u raacaan go'itaankii Khawaarijta ee ka go'een Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii nabiga Muxammad oo ahaa Imaamkii ugu horreeyay ee Shiicada iyo khaliifkii afaraad ee Khulafo al-Raashidiinta ee Sunnadu. Waxaaba jirta in Cibaadiyiinta casriga ah ay inta badan diadaan in aqiidadooda lagu tilmaamo Khawaarij. Cibaadiyada waxay soo baxday qarniyadii ugu horreeyay ee Islaamka iyadoo ka timaada khilaafaadkii siyaasadeed iyo kuwa tawxiidka ee ku xeernaa Fitnada Koowaad. Dhaqanku wuxuu taariikhiyan u xiran yahay dhaqdhaqaaqii hore ee Muhakkima. Cibaadiyiintu way ka tiro yar yihiin labada mhab ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka, Sunnadu iyo Shiicada. Cibaadiyada waxay weli tahay mid aan si fican u baran dadka ka baxsan, iyadoo ay ku jiraan kuwo aan Muslin ahayn iyo Muslinka Sunnada iyo Shiicada ah.
[[File:Islam branches and schools.png|centre|Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan qaybaha waaweyn iyo mhabada Islaamka]]

===== Qaybaha =====
* Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada waxaa lagu aasaasay Hindiya ee Ingiriisku xukumayay 1889 oo uu aasaasay Mirza Ghulam Ahmad oo ka soo jeeda Qadian, oo sheegtay inuu yahay Masiiyadii la ballanqaaday (&quot;Soo laabashada Labaad ee Ciise&quot;), Mahdiga Muslinku dhowrayaan sidoo kale prophet yar oo raaca nabiga Islaamka Muxammad. Waxaa jira fikrado iyo barashooyin kala duwan oo u gaar ah Axmadiyiinta marka loo eego badanka Muslinka kale, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan fasiraadda cinwaanka Qur'aanka ee Khatam an-Nabiyyin iyo fasiraadda Soo laabashada Labaad ee Masiiyada. deviations-kan loo arko inay ka bixisay fekerka Islaamka ee caadiga ah waxay keeneen in badanka Muslinka ay u arkaan kuwo ka baxay diinta iyo khilaafyada lagu hayo Axmadiyiinta waddamo kala duwan dhexdeeda, gaar ahaan Bakistaan, halkaas oo si rasmi ah looga dhaqangaliyay inaysan Muslin ahayn oo ay dhaqangalisay Xukuumadda Bakistaan. Taabacsanaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Islaamka waxay u qeybsamaan laba kooxood: ta koowaad oo ah Bulshada Muslinka ee Axmadiyada, oo maanta ah kooxda ugu weyn, iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Laahore ee Fafinta Islaamka.
* Calawiyada waa dhaqan Islaam oo doonis leh oo maxalli ah, oo taabacsaneedu ay raacaan barashooyinka qarsoon (bāṭenī) ee Cali iyo Haji Bektash Veli. Calawiyada waa isku dharraaq ka mid ah fikradaha dhaqanka ee Turkiga ee qarnigii 14aad, iyadoo leh xididdo ka imaan kara Tengrism iyo Animism oo barbar socda fikradaha Shiicada iyo Tasawufka. Waxaa la qiyaasay inay jiraan 10 milyan illaa ka badan 20 milyan (~0.5–1% dhammaan Muslinka) oo Calawiyiin ah dunida oo dhan.
* Qur'aaniyuuntu waa dhaqdhaqaaq diimeed ee Islaamka oo ku aasaasan aqiidada ah in sharciga Islaamka iyo xaqiijintu ay tahay oo keliya inay ka timaado Qur'aanka oo aysan ka imaanin sunnada ama Xadiiska, iyadoo Qur'aaniyuuntu ay si muuqata uga kala duwan yihiin habka loo raaco shanta tiro ee Islaamka. Dhaqdhaqaaqu wuxuu soo baxay qarnigii 19aad wixii ka dambeeyay, iyadoo fekerayaal sida Syed Ahmad Khan, Abdullah Chakralawi iyo Ghulam Ahmed Perwez ee Hindiya ay su'aal ka keeneen dhaqanka xadiiska. Ejipt, Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi wuxuu ku qaray maqaalka ''Islaamku waa Qur'aanka keligiis'' majaladda ''Al-Manār'', isagoo u doodayay awoodda keligeed ee Qur'aanka. Qur'aaniyiin muhiim ah oo qarnigii 20aad ee dambe wuxuu ahaa Rashad Khalifa, oo ahaa biokimiko Masri-Ameerikan ah oo sheegtay inuu helay fure tiro oo ku jira Qur'aanka, wuxuuna aasaasay ururka Qur'aaniyiinta ee United Submitters International.
* Mu'tazilada waxay ahayd madhab hore oo cilmiga tawxiidka Islaamka oo lagu garto isticmaalka caqliga, gaar ahaan marka loo eego labada ilo ee ugu horreeya Islaamka, Qur'aanka iyo xadiiska. Madhabtu waxay ku aasaasantaa shanta usool ee waaweyn: tawxiidka, caddaalada rabbaaniga ah, hubaasha ballanqaadyada iyo digniinaha rabbaaniga ah, meel dhexe oo marka loo eego heerka duniyeed ee duntayda waaweyn, iyo waajibka amarrada wanaagsan iyo ka hortaga xumaanta. Ka dib Sunnadu, Mu'taziladu waxay diadeen aragtida dhaqanka ah ee ah in Qur'aanku yahay hadalka aan la abuurin ee Ilaah, waxayna halkaas ka qabteen in Qur'aanku yahay waxyi la abuuray, si loo adkeeyo koodnimada kheyraatka ee Ilaah. Iyagoo adkaynaya isticmaalka caqliga, waxay u doodeen in dookha xorta ah ee bahaamka uu u oggolaado shakhsiyaadka inay doorataan wanaagga ama xumaanta, taas oo ka dhigaysa kuwo mas'uul ka ah eedooda. Bagse saameynta Mu'taziladu waxay hoos u dhacday dhibaatada bulshada iyo siyaasadeed ee ka timaada Sunnadu darteed, reebitaankooda caqliga wuxuu weli yahay mid muhiim ah fekerka casriga ah ee Islaamka.

=== Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn ===
{{Main|Non-denominational Muslim}}

Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn waa eegmo guud oo loo isticmaalo ama ay isticmaalaan Muslimiinta aan ka tirsanayn ama aan isku tilmaamin mhab gaar ah oo Islaam ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Benakis |first=Theodoros |date=13 January 2014 |title=Islamophoobia in Europe! |work=New Europe |location=Brussels |url=http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131145036/http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |archive-date=31 January 2016 |quote=Anyone who has travelled to Central Asia knows of the non-denominational Muslims—those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pollack |first=Kenneth |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=jQGZBAAAQBAJ|page=29}} |title=Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American Strategy |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-4767-3393-7 |page=29 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |quote=Although many Iranian hardliners are Shi'a chauvinists, Khomeini's ideology saw the revolution as pan-Islamist, and therefore embracing Sunni, Shi'a, Sufi, and other, more nondenominational Muslims}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sahanadii ugu dambeeyay waxay ku warramayaan in qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Muslimiinta ka mid ah kuwa ku nool qaybo ka mid ah dunida ay isku tilmaamaan oo keliya Muslim, inkasta oo ay yar tahay falanqaynta la daabacay ee ku saabsan sababaha ka dambeeya jawaabtan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Burns |first=Robert |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=akWUGyN7fwEC|page=55}} |title=Christianity, Islam, and the West |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-7618-5560-6 |page=55 |publisher=University Press of America |quote=40 per cent called themselves &quot;just a Muslim&quot; according to the Council of American-Islamic relations}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tatari |first=Eren |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=x_4QBQAAQBAJ|page=111}} |title=Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets |date=2014 |isbn=978-90-04-27226-2 |page=111 |publisher=BRILL |quote=Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pew Research waxay ku warramaysaa in jawaab-bixiyeyaasha isku tilmaama oo keliya Muslim ay yihiin inta ugu badan ee Muslimiinta ee toddoba waddan (iyo tiro sare saddex kale dhexdeeda), iyadoo heerka ugu sarreeya uu yahay Kasakhstan oo ah 74%. Ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah shan kasta oo Muslim ah ee ugu yaraan 22 waddan wuxuu isku tilmaamaa habkan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=9 August 2012|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|access-date=4 September 2013|website=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Tasawufka ==

=== Suufiyada ===
{{Main|Suufiyada}}

{{See also|Xiriirka Salafiga iyo Suufiga}}
[[File:Mevlana Konya.jpg|thumb|Wareegga Suufiga ee Dhismaha Qabriga Suufiga ee Rumi ee Konya, Turkey.]]
Suufiyada (Carabi: تصوف), waa hab ka mid ah Tasawufka Islaamka oo raadiya in lagu helo khibrad shakhsi ah oo toos ah ee Eebbe. Culimadii hore ee Suufiyadu waxay ku tilmaameen tasawufka &quot;cilmiga ujeeddadiisu tahay sixidda wadnaha iyo ka jeedinta dhammaan wixii kale ee aan Eebbe ahayn&quot;, iyada oo loo marayo &quot;awoodda caqliga iyo sharafta&quot; oo laga joojiyo in lagu tababaro. Ahmad ibn Ajiba wuxuu ku tilmaamay tasawufka &quot;ku laabashada dhaqanka, bilowgiisuna yahay aqoon, dhexdiisuna tahay wax-qabad [aqoontaas ku saabsan], dhammaadkiisuna yahay hadiya [ka timaada Allah].&quot; Ma aha qayb ka mid ah Islaamka, taabacsanaha ayaana ka tirsan mhabada kala duwan ee Muslinka. Ismaaciiliya, oo barashadeedu ku aasaasan tahay Gnosticism iyo Neoplatonism iyadoo ay barbar socdaan madhabaha Illuminationist iyo Isfahan ee falsafadda Islaamka, waxay samaysay fasiraado tasawuf ah oo Islaamka ah. Hasan al-Basri, oo ahaa Suufigii hore oo inta badan loo arko mid ka mid ah Suufiyadii ugu horreysay, wuxuu adkeeyay cabsida ka timaada guuldarrada Eebbe ee adkaysiga. Taa beddekeeda, Suufiyadii dambe ee waaweynayd, sida Mansur Al-Hallaj iyo Jalaluddin Rumi, waxay adkeeyeen diinta ku aasaasan jacyada loo qabo Eebbe. Jacyadaas waxay sidoo kale saameyn ku lahaayeen fanka, iyadoo Rumi uu weli yahay mid ka mid ah gabayaaga ugu iibka badan Ameerika. [[File:Sema ceremony many.jpg|thumb|Suufiyada ee Turkey.]]Suufiyadu waxay u arkaan tasawufka qayb aan ka go'in Islaamka. Suufiyadii dhaqanka ahayd, sida Bayazid Bastami, Jalaluddin Rumi, Haji Bektash Veli, Junaid Baghdadi, iyo Al-Ghazali, waxay u doodeen in Suufiyadu ku aasaasan tahay usoolka Islaamka iyo barashooyinka nabiga. Taariikhyahan Nile Green wuxuu u dooday in Islaamka qarniyadii dhexe uu ahaa wax yar ama ka badan Suufiyada. Taabacsanaha dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunnada ee dib-u-soocida ee loo yaqaano Salafiyada waxay u arkeen dhaqannada jacyada ee caanka ah, sida weyneynta awliyada Suufiga, inay yihiin cusbooneysiin ka timaada diintii hore. Salafiyiintu inta badan waxay weerareen Suufiyada, taas oo keentay xumaanshaha xiriirka Suufiga iyo Salafiga. Ururrada Suufiga waxay samayskaan dariiqooyin ku xeeran macallin (wali) oo raaca xiriir ruuxi ah oo dib u raaca Muxammad. Suufiyadu waxay kaqaateen door muhiim ah samaynta bulshooyinka Muslinka iyaga oo loo marayo dhaqdhaqaaqyada baahinta iyo waxbarashada. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Ahle Sunnat ama Barelvi ee uu saameeyay Tasawufku wuxuu sheegtaa in ka badan 200 milyan oo taabacsane ku leeyahay Koonfurta Aasiya. Suufiyadu waxay muhiim ku tahay Aasiyada Dhexe, iyo sidoo kale waddamada Afrika sida Tuniisiya, Aljeeriya, Marooko, Senejaal, Chaad iyo Nayjar.
== Sharciga iyo Fiqhiga ==

=== Shariicada ===
{{Main|Shariicada|Fiqhiga}}

{{See also|Mantiqa ee Falsafadda Islaamka#Sharciga Islaamka iyo Cilmiga Tawxiidka}}
[[File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|Madhabaha sharciga Islaamka ee Dunida Muslinka.]]
Shariicada waa tan ka kooban sharciga diinta Islaamka. Doonista ah in la tilmaamo oo lagu ogaado sharciyada hab dhammaystiran oo is-waafaqsan waxay keentay horumarinta aragtida sharciga, oo loo yaqaano fiqhi. Taa beddekeeda, bidco waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo cusbooneysiinta sharciga ka baxsan ee arrimaha diinta. Dhabbooyinka kala duwan, ee loo yaqaano usoolka fiqhiga, ayaa horumaray oo madhabka sharciga ee ka soo baxa dhabbo ku xeeran waxaa loo yaqaanaa madhab. Is-waafaqidda raacda go'aannada khabiir diimeed ama madhab waxaa loo yaqaanaa taqliid. Shuruudda ghayr muqallid waxay u tilmaamaysaa kuwa aan isticmaalin taqliidka iyo, sii dheeraanteeda, aan lahayn madhab. Dhaqanka shakhsigu ku fasirayo sharciga caqliga xor ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa ijtixaad. Kuwa fasira shariicada waxaa loo yaqaanaa muftiyo oo ra'yigooda sharciga ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa fatwo.
[[File:'Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa'di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Gabayaaga Saadi Shirazi iyo darwiish waxay u socdaan inay khilaafkooda ku dhameeyaan xakim hortiis, farta qarnigii 16aad oo ka timaada Iiraan.]]
Ilaaha koowaad ee Shariicadu waa Qur'aanka iyo Sunnada. Ilaa saddexaad oo caani ah waa qiyaas (caqli analoji ah) oo loo isticmaalo dhibcooyinka sharciga ah ee aan si toos ah loogu faahfaahin Qur'aanka ama Sunnada. Isku-barbardhigga ayaa la raadiyaa si loo helo illah, ama sababta halkan ku jirta, oo ah sababta ka dambeysa xukunkii hore. Tusaale ahaan, reebitaanka gaarka ah ee khamriga waxaa ka soo baxaya reebitaanka guud ee alkoolka maadaama ay wadaagayaan sababta shaqaynaysa ee loo gartay inay tahay dabeecadda ma zeexisa ee dhammaan cabitaannada alkoolka ah. Madhabka Saahiriga wuxuu adkeeyay saafinimada tooska ah oo sidaas darteed wuxuu diaday qiyaaska. Is-afgaradka ra'yiga waa ijmaac, iyadoo ikhtilaafku u tilmaamayo khilaafka culimada. Xukunnadu waxay ficillada u kala saaraan mid ka mid ah shan qaybood oo loo yaqaano axkaam: farad, mustaxab, mubaah, makruuh, iyo xaraam.

Xilliga casriga ah, sharciyada dambiyada ee ku aasaasan shariicada waxaa inta badan beddelay sharciyo ka yimid moodellada Yurub. Cilmiga dib-u-soocida ee Tanzimat ee Qarnigii 19aad ee Dowladdii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu keenay koodka madaniga ee Mecelle wuxuuna ka dhigan yahay dadaalkii ugu horreeyay ee lagu koodiyeeyo shariicada. Iyadoo Dastuurada badanka states-ka Muslinku u badan yihiin ay ku jiraan tilmaamo ku saabsan shariicada, xeerarkeeda dhaqanka ah waxaa inta badan lagu reebay oo keliya sharciyada heerka shakhsiga (famlida). Hay'adaha sharciga ah oo koodiyeeyay sharciyaddan waxay raadiyeen inay casriyeeyaan iyagoon ka tageyn aasaaskooda fiqhiga dhaqanka ah. Dib-u-soocida Islaamka ee qarnigii 20aad ee dambe waxay keentay baaqyo ka yimid dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiyiinta oo ku saabsan fulinta dhammaystiran ee shariicada. Doorka shariicadu wuxuu noqday mowduuc lagu tartamo dunida oo dhan. Waxaa jira doodaha socda oo ku saabsan in shariicadu ay la waafaqsan tahay foomamka cilmaani ee xukuumadda, xuquuqda aadanaha, xorriyadda fekerka, iyo xuquuqda dumarka darteed meelaha ay ka mid yihiin faafreebka iyo doonaanta.
== Bulshada ==
=== Shakhsiyaadka diinta ===
{{Main|Culumada}}
[[File:Maqamat_hariri.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Culimada ku sugan maktabadda Cabbaasiyiinta, Maqamat al-Hariri. Farta uu qray Yahyá al-Wasiti, Baqdaad, 1237 AD.]]
Islaamku maleho wadaado ah macnaha sacerdotalism, sida baaddariyada oo kale oo dhex-dhexaadiya Eebbe iyo dadka. Imaam (Carabi: إمام) waa cinwaanka diinta oo loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo booska hoggaaminta Islaamka, inta badan marka loo eego samaynta adeegga cibaadada Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Imam|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/imam|access-date=15 January 2023|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fasiraadda diinta waxaa hoggaamiya culumada (Carabi: علماء), oo ah shuruud loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo kooxda culimada Muslinka ah ee helay tababarka barashada Islaamka. Caalimka xadiiska waxaa loo yaqaanaa muxaddith, caalimka fiqhiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa faqeeh (Carabi: فقيه), qaanuun-yaqaanka u qalma inuu soo saaro ra'yiga sharciga ah ama fatwooyinka waxaa loo yaqaanaa mufti, qadi-yuna waa xakim Islaam ah. Cinwaannada sharafta leh ee la siiyo culimada waxaa ka mid ah sheekh, mulla iyo mawlawi. Muslinka qaar ka mid ah waxay sidoo kale weyneeyaan awliyada u xiran karaamooyinka (Carabi: كرامات).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Radtke |first1=B. |last2=Lory |first2=P. |last3=Zarcone |first3=Th. |last4=DeWeese |first4=D. |last5=Gaborieau |first5=M. |last6=Denny |first6=F. M. |last7=Aubin |first7=F. |last8=Hunwick |first8=J. O. |last9=Mchugh |first9=N. |title=Walī |orig-year=1993 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Bearman |editor1-first=P. J. |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-link=Thierry Bianquis |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-first=C. E. |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor4-first=E. J. |editor4-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-first=W. P. |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill Publishers |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335 |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Maamulka ===

{{See also|Siyaasadda iyo Islaamka|Dhaqaalaha Islaamka|Qaanuunka ciidanka ee Islaamka|Tasaamuxa|Jihaadka}}
[[File:Ali and Aisha at the Battle of the Camel.jpg|thumb|Xaasidii Muxammad, Caasha, oo la dagaallamaysa Cali.]]
Fiqhiga dhaqaalaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, kaydsiga hantida si xad-dhaaf ah waa lagu necbyahay, sidaas darteedna dhaqanka maalgashiga monobooliga ah waa laga hoos eegaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iqbal2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Iqbal | first1 = Zamir | last2 = Mirakhor | first2 = Abbas | last3 = Krichenne | first3 = Noureddine | last4 = Askari | first4 = Hossein | title = The Stability of Islamic Finance: Creating a Resilient Financial Environment | location = Singapore | publisher = John Wiley &amp; Sons | year = 2010 | language = en | isbn = 978-0-470-82518-1 | p = 75}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadaallada lagu waafajinayo shariicada waxay keeneen horumarinta bangiyada Islaamka. Islaamku wuxuu reebaa ribada, oo inta badan loo turjumo faa'iido si aan caddaalad ahayn ku timaada ganacsiga, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo faa'iidada ribada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Riba |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |year=n.d. |last1= Schacht|first1=Joseph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taa beddekeeda, bangiyada Islaamku waxay iskaashi la sameeyaan amaanadaha, iyagoo labaduba wadaagaya faa'iidada iyo qasaaraha ka soo baxa mashruuca. Shuruud kale waa ka fogaanshaha hubaal-la'aanta, oo loo arko saqajaan (khumaar), bangiyada Islaamkuna dhaqan ahaan waxay ka fogaadaan aaladaha la soocay sida mustaqbalka ama doorashooyinka, taas oo taariikhiyan ka ilaalisay hoos u dhaca suuqyada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Foster|first=John |date=1 December 2009|title=How Islamic finance missed heavenly chance|work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8388644.stm|access-date=13 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Domat|first=Chloe|date=20 October 2020|title=What Is Islamic Finance And How Does It Work?|work=Global Finance magazine|url=https://www.gfmag.com/topics/blogs/islamic-finance-faq-what-islamic-finance-and-how-does-it-work|access-date=13 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Khulafadii Raashidiinta iyo Dowladdii Umawiyiinta waxay ku lug lahaayeen qaybinta sadaqada ee ka timaada qasnadda dowladda, oo loo yaqaano Bayt al-maal, ka hor inta aysan noqon dadaal shakhsi ah meelaha sannadkii 720. Khaliifkii ugu horreeyay, Abu Bakar, wuxuu u qaybiyay sakada sida tusaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee dakhliga ugu yar ee la dammaanad qaado, iyadoo muwaaddin kasta uu helayay 10 illaa 20 dirham sannadkiiba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Merchant, Brian |date=14 November 2013 |title=Guaranteeing a Minimum Income Has Been a Utopian Dream for Centuries |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/guaranteeing-a-minimum-income-has-been-a-utopian-dream-for-centuries/ |access-date=3 June 2019 |website=VICE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waagii maamulkii khaliifkii labaad ee Cumar, taageerada carruurta ayaa la soo bandhigay, kuwa da'da ah iyo kuwa nafedana waxay xaq u lahaayeen mushaar,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Al-Buraey |first=Muhammad |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=lT8OAAAAQAAJ|page=}} |title=Administrative Development: An Islamic Perspective |publisher=KPI |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-7103-0059-1 |pages=252–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Akgündüz |first1=Ahmed |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=EnT_zhqEe5cC|page=539}} |title=Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths |last2=Öztürk |first2=Said |publisher=IUR Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |pages=539– |access-date=7 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo khaliifkii Umawiyiinta ee Cumar II uu u qoondeeyay adeego dhagool kasta iyo labadii qafis ee xanuunsan oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Al-Jawzi|first1=Ibn |url=|title=The Biography and Virtues of Omar Bin Abd al-Aziz – The Ascetic Caliph |publisher=IUR Press |year=2001 |isbn= |page=130 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Saladin the Victorious.jpg|thumb|Salaxaddiin Guuleystaha, uu qray Gustave Doré.]]
Jihaad wuxuu macnehiisu yahay &quot;dadaal ama ilaa qabasho [dhabada Eebbe]&quot;, macnehiisa ugu ballaaranina waa &quot;awoodda, dadaalka, ama awoodda ugu dambeysa oo lagu bixiyo la dagaallanka shay laga xumaado&quot;. Shiicadu gaar ahaan waxay adkeeyaan &quot;jihaadka weyn&quot; oo ah dadaalka lagu gaarayo wanaajinta nafta ee ruuxiga ah iyadoo &quot;jihaadka yar&quot; loo tilmaamo dagaalka. Marka loo isticmaalo sidaas oo keliya, jihaadka inta badan waxaa loo fahmaa foomkiisa ciidanka. Jihaadku waa foomka keliya ee dagaalka ee loo oggol yahay sharciga Islaamka, waxaana lagu dhawaaqi karaa ka dhan ah ujeedooyinka aan sharciyaysnayn, argagixisada, kooxaha dambiyada, reebleyaasha, murtadiinta, iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha ama dowladaha dhibta Muslinka. Badanka Muslinka maanta waxay u fasiraan Jihaadka oo keliya foom دفاع ah oo dagaalka ah. Jihaadku wuxuu oo keliya noqdaa waajib shakhsi ah kuwa la siiyay awoodda. Dadka kale oo dhan, tani waxay dhacdaa oo keliya marka ay jirto diyaargarow guud. Badanka Shiicada Isnaashariyada, jihaadka weerarka ah waxaa oo keliya lagu dhawaaqi karaa hoggaamiye Eebbe uu doortay oo ee bulshada Muslinka ah, sidaas darteedna, wuu hakad ku jiraa tan iyo gaabinta Muxammad al-Mahdi ee sannadkii 868 CE.
=== Nolosha maanta iyo tan aabbanimada/qoyska ===
{{See also|Edabta (Islaamka)|Cuntada reebban ee Islaamka|Islaamka iyo carruurta|Guurka Islaamka|Dumarka Islaamka|Guurka badan ee Islaamka}}
[[File:Salat Eid al-Fitr, Tehran (113344343).jpg|thumb|Haweenay Iiraani ah oo xiran astaan Islaami ah (Xijaab).]]
Cilmiga edabta ee maalinlaha ah wuxuu ku jiraa qaybta edabta, ama hab-dhaqanka. Cuntooyinka si gaar ah loo reebay waxaa ka mid ah hเนื้อ Doofaarka, dhiigga iyo bakhtiga. Caafimaadka waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timaada Eebbe, waxyaabaha maaddada ah ee maaddada maanka dooriya, sida cabitaannada alkoolka ah, waa kuwo reebban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Fahd Salem Bahammam|title=Food and Dress in Islam: An explanation of matters relating to food and drink and dress in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRojJ7lnb18C&amp;pg=PP1|publisher=Modern Guide|isbn=978-1-909322-99-8|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhammaan hเนื้อ waa inay ka timaadaa xayawaan geed-daaq ah oo loo qashay magaca Eebbe oo uu qashay Muslin, Yuhuudi, ama Christian, marka laga reebo ugaarta uu qofku ugaarsaday ama kaluumaysay maankiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Curtis|2005|p=164}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|p=111}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Slaughter |first=Ersilia |last=Francesca |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garaha inta badan waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa ragga sida shay dabiici ah&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=De Sondy |first=Amanullah  |date=28 January 2016|title=The relationship between Muslim men and their beards is a tangled one|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/28/muslim-men-beards-facial-hair-islam |access-date=7 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo isbeddellada jirka, sida peenijka joogtada ah (sawirka jidhka), inta badan waa reebban iyadoo laga baqayo inay kharribaan ubaahda u go'an.{{efn|Muslinka qaar ka mid ah Shiinaha waagii boqortooyada waxay ka horyimaadeen xiridda cagaha gabdhaha sababtaas oo kale darteed.}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |title=Are Muslims Allowed to Get Tattoos? |website= |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=8 Bisha Saddexaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308040238/https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xariirta iyo dahabka waa reebban yihiin ragga Islaamka dhexdiisa si loo dhowro xaaladda miyir-qabka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Glassé |first1=Cyril |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |page=158 |language=en|year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haya, oo inta badan loo turjumo &quot;xishood&quot;, mararka qaar waxaa loo tilmaamaa dabeecadda hoose ee Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Zine |first1=Jasmin |last2=Babana-Hampton |first2=Safoi |last3=Mazid |first3=Nergis |last4=Bullock |first4=Katherine |last5=Chishti |first5=Maliha |title=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:4 |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JM4DwAAQBAJ&amp;q=haya+islam&amp;pg=PA59 |access-date=4 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna hagaa badanka nolosha maalinlaha ah ee Muslinka. Tusaale ahaan, dharka Islaamka dhexdiisa wuxuu adkeeyaa heerka xishoodka, oo ay ku jirto xijaabka haweenka. Sidoo kale, nadaafadda shakhsiga ah waa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa shuruudo gaar ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |access-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114153249/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |archive-date=14 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Muslim Couple (cropped).jpg|thumb|Saddex laba oo Muslin ah oo ka socda Indoneesiya.]]
Guurka Islaamka dhexdiisa, ninka arooska ah waxaa lagu leeyahay inuu bixiyo meherka aroosadda (mahar).&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=93–96}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=339}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|1998|p=79}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qoysaska badankood ee dunida Islaamka waxay leeyihiin hal xaas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Newby |first=Gordon D. |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00newb |title=A concise encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=Oneworld |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-85168-295-9 |location=Oxford |page=141}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionhis00nasr_0/page/68 |title=Islam : religion, history, and civilization |publisher=HarperOne |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-06-050714-5 |location=New York |page=68}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ragga Muslinka ah waxaa loo oggol yahay inay sameeyaan guurka badan waxayna yeelan karaan illaa afar xaas oo isku mar ah. Waxbarashada Islaamku waxay si adag uga baqaysaa inay adkayso in haddii ninku uusan dammaanad qaadi karin taageerada maaliyadeed iyo ta ruuxiga ah oo siman xaasaskiisa mid kasta, waxaa la dhiirri-geliyaa inuu guursado hal haweenay oo keliya. Sabab lagu tilmaamay guurka badan ayaa ah inay ninka u oggolaato inuu siiyo ilaalin maaliyadeed haween badan, oo laga yaabo inaysan helin taageero kale (tusaale, carrooyinka). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaska ugu horreysa waxay shuruud ku xiri kartaa heshiiska guurka in ninku uusan guursan karin haweenay kale inta ay guursan yihiin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Ratno Lukito|title=Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbridgeable|page=81|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/fatwa/ShowFatwa.php?lang=A&amp;Id=18444&amp;Option=FatwaId |title=IslamWeb |publisher=IslamWeb |date=7 February 2002 |access-date=13 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa sidoo kale jira kala duwanaansho dhaqameed oo aroosyo ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Gai |url=https://archive.org/details/rememberinggodre0000eato |title=Remembering God: Reflections on Islam |publisher=The Islamic Texts Society |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-946621-84-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=92–93}}&lt;/ref&gt; Polyandry, oo ah dhaqan ay haweenaydu ku guursato laba ama ka badan oo ragg ah, waa ku reebban Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Why Can't a Woman have 2 Husbands? |url=http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |access-date=27 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223012707/http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |archive-date=23 December 2015 |website=14 Publications}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:عکس های مراسم ترتیل خوانی یا جزء خوانی یا قرائت قرآن در ایام ماه رمضان در حرم فاطمه معصومه در شهر قم 20.jpg|thumb|Gabdhaha Muslinka ah oo baranaya Qur'aanka lagu dul dhigay rehalada xilliga Ramadaanka ee Qom, Iiraan.]]
Aadada dhalashada ubadka ka dib, adhaanka waxaa lagu dhawaaqaa dhegta midig. Maalinta todobaad, xafladda caqiiqada ayaa la sameeyaa, oo xayawaan lagu qalo oo hantiisa loo qaybiyo masaakiinta. Madaxa ubadka waa la xiiraa, oo lacag la eg miisaanka dhagaha waxaa loo deeqaa masaakiinta. Gudniinka raga, oo loo yaqaano khitaan, inta badan waa lagu dhaqmaa dunida Muslinka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |year=2014 |title=Khitān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127165754/https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |archive-date=27 January 2020 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=January 2017 |title=Reported Male Circumcision Practices in a Muslim-Majority Setting |journal=BioMed Research International |publisher=Hindawi Publishing Corporation |volume=2017 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2017/4957348 |pmc=5282422 |pmid=28194416 |doi-access=free |author1-last=Anwer |author1-first=Abdul Wahid |author2-last=Samad |author2-first=Lubna |author3-last=Baig-Ansari |author3-first=Naila |author4-last=Iftikhar |author4-first=Sundus}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=13 August 2009 |title=Islam: Circumcision of boys |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112170938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |archive-date=12 November 2012 |access-date=27 May 2020 |work=Religion &amp; ethics—Islam |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xaq-dhowridda iyo addeecidda waalidiinta, iyo daryeelidooda gaar ahaan markay da'da yihiin waa waajib diini ah.

Muslinka dhimanaya waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa inuu dhawaaqo Shahaadada si ay u noqoto hadalkiisa ugu dambeeya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| isbn = 9783643900678| title =Changing European Death Ways| location = Austria| year = 2013| last1=Mathijssen| first1=Brenda|last2=Venhorst|first2=Claudia|last3=Venbrux|first3=Eric|last4=Quartier|first4=Thomas| url =| page = 265 |publisher=Lit }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xaq-dhowridda kii dhintay iyo ka qaybgalka jinaasooyinka ee bulshada dhexdeeda waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ficillada wanaagsan. Caadooyinka aasidda Islaamka, aasidda waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa si dhakhso ah oo ugu macquulsan, inta badan 24 saac dhexdeeda. Meydka waa la dhaqaa, marka laga reebo shuhadada, oo ay dhaqaan kuwo labka ah oo isku jinsi ah waxaana lagu duubaa dhar aan adkayn oo loo yaqaano kafan. Salaadda jinaasada oo loo yaqaano Salat al-Janazah ayaa la tukadaa. Qaylada ama ooyinta weyn ee baroorgaaga ah waa laga fogaadaa. Sanduuqyada aaska inta badan la ma doorbido oo qabrida inta badan calaamad maleho, xata boqorada.
=== Dhaqanka ===
{{Main|Dhaqanka Islaamka}}

{{See also|Farshaxanka Islaamka|Dhismaha Islaamka|Suugaanta Islaamka|Islaamka iyo kubbadda cagta|Muslinka Dhaqanka}}
[[File:Chinese-style minaret of the Great Mosque 2023.jpg|thumb|Minaaradda qaabka Shiinaha ee Masaajidka Weyn ee Xi'an, oo ka mid ah masaajidda ugu ee Shiinaha ee la dhisay 742 AD.]]
Erayga &quot;dhaqanka Islaamka&quot; waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee u gaarka ah diinta, sida ciidaha iyo dharka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si dood ku jirto oo loogu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee dadka Muslinka ah ee dhaqanka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Melikian |first=Souren |author-link=Souren Melikian |date=4 November 2011 |title='Islamic' Culture: A Groundless Myth |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/05/arts/05iht-rartmelikian05.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugudambeyntii, &quot;ilbaxnimada Islaamka&quot; waxay sidoo kale u tilmaami kartaa dhinacyada dhaqanka isku-dhafka ah ee Khilafaadkii hore, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa aan Muslinka ahayn, mararka ka mid ahna loo yaqaano &quot;Islaamiga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Wiley| isbn = 9781405155144| title =Islamicate Cosmopolitan Spirit | location = United Kingdom| year = 2021| last=Lawrence| first=Bruce| url =| page = xii| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt; Farshaxanka Islaamku wuxuu ka kooban yahay farshaxanka muuqaalka ah oo ay ku jiraan ilo kala duwan sida dhismaha, farta qurxoon, sawirka, iyo dhoobada, iyo kuwo kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ettinghausen |first1=Richard |first2=Oleg |last2=Grabar |first3=Marilyn |last3=Jenkins-Madina |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300088670/page/3 |title=Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-300-08869-8 |edition=2nd |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Suarez|first=Michael F.|title=The Oxford companion to the book|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780198606536|location=Oxford and New York|pages=331ff|chapter=38 The History of the Book in the Muslim World|oclc=50238944}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo sameynta sawirrada noolaha inta badan ka laga fogaado oo u xiran sharciyada ka dhanka ah sanam-caabudidda, shuruuddan waxaa u fasiray ilo kala duwan culimo kala duwan iyo xilliyo taariikhi ah oo kala duwan.
[[File:Masjid Menara Kudus.jpg|thumb|Masaajidka Menara Kudus ee qarnigii 16aad ee Indoneesiya, oo muujinaya saamaynta Hindiya.]]
Xaddidaaddan waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu fashilo badnaanta farta qurxoon, joomatariya isku-dhafka ah, iyo qaababka sida ilaha muhiimka ah ee dhaqanka farshaxanka Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Salim Ayduz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=or-6BwAAQBAJ&amp;q=islamic+art+idolatry+geometry&amp;pg=PA263 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam |last2=Ibrahim Kalin |last3=Caner Dagli |date=2014 |page=263|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-981257-8 |quote=Figural representation is virtually unused in Islamic art because of Islam's strong antagonism of idolatry. It was important for Muslim scholars and artists to find a style of art that represented the Islamic ideals of unity (''tawhid'') and order without figural representation. Geometric patterns perfectly suited this goal.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa sii dheer, sawirka Muxammad waa arrin dood ka jirto dhexdeeda Muslinka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|jstor=860736| title = An Indian Picture of Muhammad and His Companions
| author = T. W. Arnold| journal = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
| author-link = T. W. Arnold| date = June 1919| volume = 34| issue = 195
| publisher = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 34, No. 195.
| pages = 249–252}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, dhaqanka kala duwan wuxuu muujinayaa saamayn sida dhismaha Islaamka ee Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Isbaanishka sida Masaajidka Weyn ee Kairouan oo ka kooban tiirar marmar iyo borfiri ah oo ka yimid dhismayaashii Roomaanka iyo Bizantiinta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Isichei |first=Elizabeth Allo |url={{Google books|LgnhYDozENgC|page=PA175|keywords=mosque%20kairouan%20roman columns|text=mosque+kairouan+roman+columns|plainurl=yes}} |title=A history of African societies to 1870 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-45599-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=175 |access-date=6 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo masaajidda Indoneesiya inta badan leeyihiin saqafyo heerarka badan leh oo ka yimid qaabka dhaladka ah ee Jafa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Gunawan |last=Tjahjono |title=Indonesian Heritage-Architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/architecture00indo/page/88 |year=1998 |publisher=Archipelago Press |location=Singapore |isbn=981-3018-30-5 |pages=88–89 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taariikhda Islaamku waa taariikhda dayaxa oo ka bilaabanta Hijrada 622 CE, oo ah taariikh oo la sheegay inuu doortay Khaliif Cumar maadaama ay ahayd meel isbeddel muhiim ah u ahayd Muxammad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Muslim-calendar|title=Islamic calendar|website=www.britannica.com|date=|access-date=8 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maalmaha barakaysan ee Islaamku waxay ku beegan yihiin taariikho go'an oo ee taariikhda dayaxa, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay dhacaan xilliyo kala duwan sannado kala duwan oo ee taariikhda Miilaadiga. Ciidaha ugu muhiimsan Islaamka waa Ciidul Fitri (Carabi: عيد الفطر) ee 1-da Shawaal, oo calaamad u ah dhammaadka bisha soomanaanta ee Ramadaan, iyo Ciidul Adxa (Carabi: عيد الأضحى) ee 10-ka Dhul-Hijjah, oo ku beegan dhammaadka Xajka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher =Oxford University Press| isbn =9780195165203| title =The Islamic World: Past and Present| year = 2004| last=Esposito| first=John| pages = 75–76 |ref=none}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.britannica.com-2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|title=Pillars of Islam &amp;#124; Islamic Beliefs &amp; Practices &amp;#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|date=3 May 2023|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905102524/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Dhaqanka waa shakhsiyaad aan cibaadaysaneyn oo wali lagu aqoonsado Islaamka iyadoo laga duulayo asalka qoyska, dhiirrigelinta shakhsiga ah, ama deegaanka bulshada iyo dhaqanka ee ay ku doorteen inay ku koran.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first1= Cara|last1= Aitchison|author1-link= Cara Aitchison|first2= Peter E.|last2= Hopkins|author3-link= Mei-Po Kwan|author3= Mei-Po Kwan|title= Geographies of Muslim Identities: Diaspora, Gender and Belonging|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DRnthQxB8lYC&amp;pg=PA147|access-date= 30 June 2013|year= 2007|publisher= Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn= 978-1-4094-8747-0|pages=147}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice|first=G. Hussein|last= Rassool|year= 2015| isbn=9781317441250| page =10|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_QsCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Muslims+who+are+religiously+unobservant,+secular+or+irreligious+individuals+who+still+identify+with+the+Muslim&amp;pg=PA10|quote=The label 'Cultural Muslim' is used in the literature to describe those Muslims who are religiously unobservant, secular or irreligious individuals who still identify with the Muslim culture due to family background, personal experiences, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up... For Cultural Muslim the declaration of faith is superficial and has no effect of their religious practices.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Siyaasada===
[[File:Scotusnfrieze.jpeg|thumb|Muxammad oo lagu muujiyay Adolph Alexander Weinman ee Dhismaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka ee Washington, DC isagoo wada seef iyo Qur'aan.]]
Qayb badan oo ka mid ah qarnigii 20aad, aqoonsiga Islaamka iyo maamulka Islaamka ee arrimaha siyaasadda ayaa kordhay horraantii qarnigii 21aad. Siyaasadda Islaamka waa fasiraadda Islaamka oo loo arko il ka mid ah aqoonsiga iyo wax-qabadka siyaasadeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Voll|first1=John O.|last2=Sonn|first2=Tamara|title=Political Islam|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/id/obo-9780195390155-0063|journal=Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets|year=2009|language=en|doi=10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0063|access-date=2017-05-26|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223165247/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0063.xml|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay u doodaysaa dhisidda dawladda iyo bulshada sida ku cad (fahamka u doodayaasha) mabaadi'da Islaamka, halkaas oo Islaamku u shaqeeyo il ka mid ah jagooyinka iyo fikradaha siyaasadeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;Krämer, Gudrun. &quot;Political Islam.&quot; In Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 6. Edited by Richard C. Martin, 536–540. New York: Macmillan, 2004. [http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam via Encyclopedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713072425/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam|date=2018-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=March|first1=Andrew F.|title=Political Islam: Theory|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|date=2015|volume=18|issue=1|pages=103–123|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141250|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siyaasadda Islaamka waxaa muriyaal ka dhex jira iyo kuwa ka baxsan tacliinta guud ahaan ugu adeegsadaan si isku mid ah ereyga Islaamiyadda,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; waxaana loo haystaa inuu yahay cunsur siyaasadeed oo ka mid ah Soo-reenka Islaamka oo bilaabmay qarnigii 20aad,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa oo kaliya nooc kasta oo wax-qabad siyaasadeed oo ay sameeyaan Muslimiintu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale jirey dadaallo cusub oo lagu kala saarayo Islaamiyadda oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo ku basada diinta iyo siyaasadda Islaamka oo ah faham qaran oo casri ah oo ku saabsan Islaamka oo ay wadaagaan jilayaasha cilmaaniga ah iyo kuwa Islaamiga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jocelyne Cesari|year=2018|title=What Is Political Islam|url=https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.rienner.com|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-1-62637-692-2|archive-date=2023-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106160415/https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kooxaha dhowr ah oo ku yaala Bariga Dhexe ayaa u kaftamay inay fikradaha casriynta ku xiraan faragelinta boqortooyadii gumaadkeedii. Wadamada Muslimka ah ee dhowr ah, gaar ahaan Masar iyo Bakistaan, dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo lid ku ah oo u janjeera dhanka diinta ayaa salka ku dhigtay. Sababaha waa kuwo dhinacyo badan leh. Burburkii Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu ahaa dhacdo baaxad weyn oo dhalisay gariirro badan. Gobolku wuxuu la kulmay jahwareer sannado badan maadaama waddamada Carabtu ay hoos tageen saamaynta dhaqanka iyo guulaystayaasha waddamada Yurub. Dhanka cadaadiska dhaqanka oo kordhayay Muslimiintu waxay adkeeyeen aqoonsigooda qaran iyo dhaxalkooda dhaqan, kooxaha qaar waxay ugafeen dhinacyada diinta. Masar dhexdeeda daciifnimada Muslimiinta waxaa lagu eedeeyay u kuปฏิบัตitaanka liidata ee qoraallada diinta. Sida ku cad Hassan al-Banna, dhaqanka Yurub wuxuu ahaa mid maaddiyad ku dhisan, anshax xumo ah oo ku batay ku-tagri-falka heerarka bulshada iyo ribada.

=== Sugaanta ===
{{Main|Islaamiga}}
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Shaqada ugu caansan ee khayaaliga ah ee ka timi dunida Islaamka waa Kumaan iyo Hal Habeen, oo ah ururin sheekooyin hoose/folklore oo ka soo jeeda Sanskriit, Faarisi, iyo ka dib fables Carab ah. Fikradda waxaa saameeyay nooc ka horreeyay Islaamka oo Faarisi ah oo loo yaqaannay Hezār Afsān (Kumaan Sheeko) oo ku tiirsanaa walxaha Hindida ee gaarka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Marzolph|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|title=Arabian Nights|year=2007|publisher=Brill|volume=I|location=Leiden}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay gaadhay foomkeeda ugu dambeeyay qarnigii 14aad; tirada iyo nooca sheekooyinku waxay ku kala duwanaayeen farta gacanta mid ka mid ah mid kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;arabianNights&quot;&gt;Grant &amp; Clute, p. 51&lt;/ref&gt; Shaqadan waxay saameyn weyn ku lahayd Galbeedka tan iyo markii loo turjumay qarnigii 18aad, markii ugu horreysay oo uu turjumay Antoine Galland.&lt;ref&gt;L. Sprague de Camp, Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy, p. 10 {{ISBN|0-87054-076-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku-dayasho ayaa lagu qray, gaar ahaan Faransiiska.&lt;ref name=&quot;arabianNights2&quot;&gt;Grant &amp; Clute, p 52&lt;/ref&gt; Jilayaal kala duwan oo ka socda epik-kan ayaa iyaguna noqday calaamado dhaqameed ee dhaqanka Galbeedka, sida Aladdiin, Sindibad Nawaakhida iyo Cali Baba. Tusaale ka mid ah tixda Carabiga iyo tixda Faarisiga oo ku saabsan jacaylka waa Layla iyo Majnuun, oo dib u dhaceysa xilligii Umawiyiinta ee qarnigii 7aad. Waa sheeko naxdin leh oo ku saabsan jacayl aan dhimanayn. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, oo ah epik-ka qaranka ee Iran-ta Weyn, waa dib-u-sheegid khayaali iyo geesinimo leh oo ku saabsan taariikhda Faarisiga. Amir Arsalan wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa sheeko khayaali ah oo caan ah oo Faarisi ah.

Ibn Tufayl (Abubacer) iyo Ibn al-Nafis waxay ahaayeen hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda. Ibn Tufail wuxuu qray riwaayaddii ugu horreysay ee Carabi ah Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) iyadoo cavab u ah Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, ka dibna Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sidoo kale qray riwaayad Theologus Autodidactus iyadoo cavab u ah Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Labada sheeko waxay lahaayeen jilayaal waaweyn (Hayy ee Philosophus Autodidactus iyo Kamil ee Theologus Autodidactus) oo ahaa carruur is-baray oo duurka ku voolaa oo ku noolaa go'doon kuyeel/jasiirad saxara ah, labaduba waxay ahaayeen tusaalayaasha ugu horreeyay ee sheeko jasiirad saxara ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halka Hayy uu ku nool yahay kaligiis xoolaha jasiiradda saxarada ah inta ka dhiman sheekada Philosophus Autodidactus, sheekada Kamil waxay ka dhib badan tahay jasiiradda saxarada ah ee Theologus Autodidactus, iyadoo u ekaanaysa sheekadii ugu horreysay oo la ogaaday oo ah koreera/hanaqaad oo ugu dambeyntii noqonaysa tusaalaha ugu horreeya ee riwaayadda sayniska khayaaliga ah.&lt;ref&gt;Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), &quot;Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher&quot;, Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), &quot;[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)] {{Wayback|url=http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 |date=20150404020329 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020329/http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615/|date=4 April 2015}}&quot;, pp. 95–101, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.&lt;/ref&gt;

Theologus Autodidactus,&lt;ref&gt;Muhammad b. Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufayl. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC Philosophus autodidactus, sive Epistola Abi Jaafar ebn Tophail de Hai ebn Yokdhan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004180638/https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC |date=4 October 2015 }}: in qua ostenditur, quomodo ex inferiorum contemplatione ad superiorum notitiam ratio humana ascendere possit. E Theatro Sheldoniano, excudebat Joannes Owens, 1700.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi. The Theologus autodidactus of Ibn al-Nafīs. Clarendon P., 1968&lt;/ref&gt; oo uu qray aqoonyahanka Carabi Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFCuoqykV9QC&amp;q=ibn+al+nafis+first+science+fiction+novel&amp;pg=PA236|title=The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature|first=Gregory|last=Claeys|date=5 August 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139828420|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa walxaha sayniska khayaaliga ah sida abuurista iskood u samaysanta, falanqaynta mustaqbalka, dhamaadka dunida iyo qiyaamaha, soo-tegga/sarakicidda, iyo nolosha ka dib. Halkii uu ka siin lahaa sharraxaad mucjiso ama khayaali ah dhacdooyinkan, Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu isku dayay inuu sharraxo walxaha sheekada iyada oo loo marayo aqoonta sayniska ee bijoolajiga, astronomy-ga, cosmology-ga iyo meelaha/juqraafiga oo lagu yaqaannay xilligiisa. Khayaaliga Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sharraxay baridda diinta Islaamka iyada oo loo marayo sayniska iyo falsafadda Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roubi&quot;&gt;Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), &quot;Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher&quot;, Symposium on Ibn al Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibnul-Nafees As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).&lt;/ref&gt; Turjumaadaha Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus waxay ka muuqdeen Laatiin (1671), Inqiriisi (1708), Jarmal, iyo Dutch. Turjumaadahan luqadaha Yurub waxay ka dib saameyn ku yeesheen Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe&lt;ref&gt;Cyril Glasse (2001), New Encyclopaedia of Islam, p. 202, Rowman Altamira, {{ISBN|0-7591-0190-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Robert Boyle's The Aspiring Naturalist.&lt;ref name=&quot;Toomer-222&quot;&gt;G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Falsafadda ===
[[File:Persian Scholar pavilion in Viena UN (Rhazes&amp;Khayyam).jpg|thumb|Scholars Pavilion waa taallo ay Iran ugu deeqday Xafiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee Vienna. Sannadlaha aqoonyahannadii Muslimka ahaa ee qarniyadii dhexe, Omar Khayyam, Al-Biruni, Rhazes iyo Avicenna ayaa ku dhex jira dhismaha.]]
Astaamaha ugu caansan ee lagu qeexo falsafadda Islaamka waa &quot;qaabka falsafadda ee lagu dhex abuuray qaabdhismeedka dhaqanka Islaamka.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;RoutledgeEoP&quot;&gt;[http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/H057 &quot;Islamic Philosophy&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606082214/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/islamic-philosophy;jsessionid=B31B033F077DD5E68E09CC9D35C02105|date=6 June 2022}}, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998)&lt;/ref&gt; Falsafadda Islaamka, qeexidtan laguma xidho arrimo diimeed oo keliya, mana aha mid ay Muslimiinta oo keliya curiyeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;RoutledgeEoP&quot; /&gt; Aqoonyahanka Faarisiiga ah ee Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) wuxuu lahaa ka badan 450 buug oo loo tiriyo. Qoraalladiisu waxay ku saabsanaayeen maadooyin kala duwan, gaar ahaan falsafadda iyo daawada. Buuggiisa daawada ee The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo adeegsaday sida buugga heerka sare ah ee jaamacadaha Yurub ee qarniyo badan. Wuxuu sidoo kale qray The Book of Healing, oo ah encyclopediya saynis iyo falsafad saameyn leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ibn Sina [Avicenna]|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=2024|quote=The Cure...had momentous consequences...his philosophical system dominated intellectual history in both Shi’ite and most of Sunni Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakhsiyad kale oo ka tirsan Casrigii Dahabiga ahaa ee Islaamka, Avicenna, wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay dugsigiisa falsafadda ee Avicennism, oo saameyn ku lahaa dhulka Islaamka iyo kan Masiixiga dhexdiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Saliba|first=George|author-link=George Saliba|date=1994|title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam|pages=245, 250, 256–257|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=0-8147-8023-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Falsafad kale oo saameyn ku lahaa falsafadda casriga ah wuxuu ahaa Ibn Tufail. Riwaayaddiisii falsafadda ahayd, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, oo loo turjumay Laatiin siday tahay Philosophus Autodidactus sannadkii 1671, waxay horumarisay mawduucyada empiricism, tabula rasa, dabiicadda iyo korinta, xaaladda suurtogalnimada, materialism,&lt;ref&gt;Dominique Urvoy, &quot;The Rationality of Everyday Life: The Andalusian Tradition? (Aropos of Hayy's First Experiences)&quot;, in Lawrence I. Conrad (1996), The World of Ibn Tufayl: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān, pp. 38–46, Brill Publishers, {{ISBN|90-04-09300-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Molyneux's problem.&lt;ref&gt;Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufail and Léon Gauthier (1981), Risalat Hayy ibn Yaqzan, p. 5, Editions de la Méditerranée.&lt;/ref&gt; Aqoonyahannada iyo qoraayaasha Yurub ee uu saameeyay riwaayaddan waxaa ka mid ah John Locke,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994), pp. 224–39&lt;/ref&gt; Gottfried Leibniz,&lt;ref name=&quot;Wainwright&quot;&gt;Martin Wainwright, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/mar/22/featuresreviews.guardianreview1 Desert island scripts], The Guardian, 22 March 2003.&lt;/ref&gt; Melchisédech Thévenot, John Wallis, Christiaan Huygens,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994) p. 227&lt;/ref&gt; George Keith, Robert Barclay, Quakers,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994), p. 247&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Samuel Hartlib.&lt;ref name=&quot;Toomer-2222&quot;&gt;G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Falsafada Islaamku waxay sii waday horumarka falsafadda ilaa qarnigii 17aad, markii Mulla Sadra uu sameeyay dugsigiisa Transcendent theosophy oo uu horumaray fikradda existentialism-ka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy|first=Muhammad|last=Kamal|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-5271-7|pages=9, 39|oclc=224496901}}&lt;/ref&gt; Falsafado kale oo saameyn lahaa oo Muslimiin ah waxaa ka mid ah Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), oo ah hormuudka phenomenology iyo falsafadda sayniska iyo dhaleeceeyaha dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian iyo fikradda Aristotle ee goobta (topos); Al-Biruni, dhaleeceeye dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian; Ibn al-Nafis, hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, aasaasaha falsafadda Illuminationist; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, dhaleeceeye mantiqa Aristotelian iyo hormuudka mantiqa inductive-ka; iyo Ibn Khaldun, oo ah hormuudka falsafadda taariikhda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Akhtar&quot;&gt;S.R.W. Akhtar (1997). &quot;The Islamic Concept of Knowledge&quot;, Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought &amp; Culture 12 (3). https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol-12-no3/islamic-concept-knowledge-sayyid-wahid-akhtar&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada ===
[[File:Statue of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi in Urgench.jpg|thumb|Taallada Al-Khwarizmi ee Urgench, Uzbekistan.]]
Ibn al-Haytham waxaa sidoo xaqiiqo ah loo arkaa aabbaha optics-ka, gaar ahaan cadeyntiisa empirik-ka ah ee aragtida intromission-ka ee iftiinka. Jim Al-Khalili wuxuu sheegay 2009 in Ibn al-Haytham 'loogu yeero inta badan &quot;saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee dhabta ah ee dunida&quot;.'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Al-Khalili|first=Jim|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7810846.stm|title=BBC News|date=4 January 2009|access-date=11 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426041228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm|archive-date=26 April 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al-Khwarizmi wuxuu alifay nidaamyada log base-ka ee maanta loo adeecsado, wuxuu sidoo kale ka qaybqaatay theorems ee trigonometry iyo sidoo kale limits.&lt;ref&gt;Plofker, Kim (2009), Mathematics in India: 500 BCE–1800 CE, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-12067-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxbarashooyinkii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujinayaan inay u badan tahay in fannaaniintii Muslimka ahayd ee Qarniyadii Dhexe ay ogaayeen geometriyada quasicrystal ee decagonal ah ee sare ee la helay kala bar millennium ka dib 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii ee Galbeedka, ayna u adeegsadeen shaqada tiled-ka ee dhismaha.&lt;ref&gt;Peter J. Lu, [http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html Harvard's Office of News and Public Affairs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314012002/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html|date=14 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhaqaatiirta Muslimiinta ah waxay ka qaybqaateen sahanka daawada, oo ay ku jiraan anatomy iyo physiology: sida shaqadii Faarisiiga ahayd ee qarnigii 15aad ee uu sameeyay Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas ee loo yaqaan Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy-ga jirka) oo ku jireen sawirro guud oo ku saabsan habka jirka, dareemayaasha iyo habka wareegga dhiigga; ama shaqadii dhakhtarkii Masar Ibn al-Nafis, oo soo bandhigay aragtida wareegga dhiigga ee sambabada. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Abulcasis) wuxuu ka qaybqaatay edbinta qalliinka daawada buuggiisa Kitab al-Tasrif (&quot;Buugga Tanaasulaadka&quot;), oo ah encyclopediya daawa oo ka dib loo turjumay Laatiin oo loo adeegsaday iskoolada daawada ee Yurub iyo Muslimiinta ee qarniyo badan. Horumaro kale oo daawo ah waxay ka tulmeen dhinacyada pharmacology iyo pharmacy.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, H. (1997) pp. 136–38&lt;/ref&gt; Saynisyahannada ugu caansan ee ka mid ah dunida Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe waxaa ka mid ah Jābir ibn Hayyān, al-Farabi, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Biruni, Avicenna, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, iyo Ibn Khaldun.

Tiknoolajiyada dhexdeeda, dunida Islaamka waxay warqad-sameynta ka qaadatay Shiinaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lucas&quot;&gt;Adam Robert Lucas (2005), &quot;Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe&quot;, Technology and Culture 46 (1), pp. 1–30 [10].&lt;/ref&gt; Aqoonta baaruudda waxaa sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay Shiinaha iyada oo loo marayo waddamada badankooda Islaamka ah.&lt;ref&gt;Arming the Periphery. Emrys Chew, 2012. p. 1823.&lt;/ref&gt; Horumar ayaa lagu sameeyay waraabinta iyo beeraha, iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyad cusub sida mishiinka dabaysha. Dalagyada sida lowska/almond iyo miraha sitrus waxaa loo keenay Yurub iyadoo loo marayo al-Andalus, oo beerashada sonkorta ayaa si tartiib-tartiib ah ay ugu ku-daydeen Yurubiyanku. Ganacsatada Carabta waxay maamuleen ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya ilaa imaatinka Boortaqiisku ee qarnigii 16aad. Hormuz wuxuu ahaa xarun muhiim ah oo ganacsigan ah. Waxaa sidoo kale ka jirey shabakad cufan oo waddooyinka ganacsiga ee Badda Dhexe, oo ay waddamada aqlabiyadda Muslimka ah ku ganacsan jireen kesooda iyo awoodaha Yurub sida Venice, Genoa iyo Catalonia (sido kale eeg: Indo-Mediterranean). Jidka Xariirta oo ka tallaabaya Aasiyada Dhexe wuxuu marayay dawlado Islaam ah oo u dhexeya Shiinaha iyo Yurub. Soo-bixidda boqortooyooyinka dhaqaale ee waaweyn oo leh kheyraad tiknoolajiyadeed ka dib qabsashadii Timur (Tamerlane) iyo soo-reenka Timurid Renaissance waxaa ka mid ah Boqortooyada Mali iyo Saltanaddii Bengal gaar ahaan, oo ah qaran ganacsi oo caalami ah oo dunida ku yaal, oo Yurubiyanku ku describe gareeyeen &quot;waddanka ugu hodansan ee lagu ganacsado&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. {{ISBN|978-81-8069-149-2}}. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iinjineerada Muslimiinta ee dunida Islaamka waxay sameeyeen isticmaalo warshadeed oo cusub oo hydropower ah, iyo isticmaalo warshadeed oo hore oo ah tidal power iyo wind power.&lt;ref&gt;Ahmad Y. al-Hassan (1976). Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, pp. 34–35. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.&lt;/ref&gt; Isticmaalka warshadeed ee watermills ee dunida Islaamka wuxuu dib u dhacaa qarnigii 7aad, halka water mills-ka leh giraangiraha jiifa iyo kuwa taagan oo dhan loo adeegsanayay si weyn tan iyo ugu yaraan qarnigii 9aad. Mashiinno warshadeed oo kala duwan ayaa lagu adeegsanayay dunida Islaamka, oo ay ku jiraan fulling mills, gristmills, paper mills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills iyo windmills. Markii ay gaadhay qarnigii 11aad, gobol kasta oo ka mid ah dunida Islaamka wuxuu lahaa mashiinnadan warshadeed oo shaqaynaya, kuwo ka billowda al-Andalus iyo Waqooyiga Afrika ilaa Bariga Dhexe iyo Aasiyada Dhexe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lucas&quot; /&gt; Iinjineerada Muslimiinta waxay sidoo kale alifeen crankshafts iyo water turbines, waxay adeegsadeen gears ee mashiinnada iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada, waxayna hormuud u ahaayeen isticmaalka dam-yada sida il ka mid ah awoodda biyaha, oo loo adeegsaday in lagu siiyo awood dheeraad ah watermills iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan&quot;&gt;Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering&lt;/ref&gt; Horumaradan waxay suurtogal ka dhigeen in shaqooyinka warshadeed oo hore loogu kexayn jiray shaqaale hanto ama gacanta xilliyadii hore ay noqdaan kuwo la mishiineeyay oo lagu kexo mashiinno beddelkeeda dunidii Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe. Wareejinta tiknoolajiyadan oo loo wareejiyay Yurubtii qarniyadii dhexe waxay saameyn ku lahayd Industrial Revolution-ka, gaar ahaan ka soo jeeda proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal iyo Tipu Sultan's Kingdom, iyadoo loo marayo qabsashadii East India Company.

=== Aqsanta ===
[[File:Taj Mahal (Edited).jpeg|thumb|Taj Mahal ee India waxaa loo arkaa masterpiece si caalami ah loo bogsho oo ka tirsan World's Heritage, iyo mid ka mid ah Seven Wonders of the World.]]
{{excerpt|Islamic architecture|only=paragraphs}}

== Saamaynta diimaha kale, iyo Islaamiga ==
{{Main|Islaamiga|Islaamiga waddan ahaan}}
[[File:Mohammed2.jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad iyo Rahibkii Sergius, oo uu sameeyay Lucas van Leyden, 1508 AD. Waxay muujineysaa Halsooreedkii Nabi Muxammad ee ku dhex wareegi jiray Yurub.]]
[[File:La.Vie.de.Mahomet Christies.jpg|thumb|403x403px|Nabi Muxammad oo haysta seef iyo bilal halka uu ku tunto dunida, iskutallaabta, iyo Tobanka Amrood. Waxaa sameeyay Humphrey Prideaux, 1699.]]
[[File:Nuremberg chronicles - Mohammed (CLIv).jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad oo fadhiya dhanka bidix, oo ku sawiran Nuremberg Chronicle, 1440 AD.]]
Haddii dhaqdhaqaaqyada sida Druze,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=De McLaurin |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalroleofm0000unse |title=The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East |publisher=Michigan University Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-03-052596-4 |page=114 |quote=Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles, the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Shireen |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofislami0000unse |title=The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and Unity: Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-253-34549-3 |page=33 |quote=Druze – An offshoot of Shi'ism; its members are not considered Muslims by orthodox Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=R. Williams |first=Victoria |title=Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 volumes] |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-4408-6118-5 |page=318 |quote=As Druze is a nonritualistic religion without requirements to pray, fast, make pilgrimages, or observe days of rest, the Druze are not considered an Islamic people by Sunni Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Berghouata iyo Ha-Mim, ay ka soo baxeen Islaamka ama ay la wadaageen rumayntooda gaarka ah Islaamka, iyo haddii mid kastaa yahay diin gooni ah ama firqad ka mid ah Islaamka waa aragtiyo dood ku jiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=D. Grafton |first=David |title=Piety, Politics, and Power: Lutherans Encountering Islam in the Middle East |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-63087-718-7 |page=14 |quote=In addition, there are several quasi-Muslim sects, in that, although they follow many of the beliefs and practices of orthodox Islam, the majority of Sunnis consider them heretical. These would be the Ahmadiyya, Druze, Ibadi, and the Yazidis.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caqiidada Druze waxay sii kala qaybisay Ismaaciiliyada maadaama ay horumarisay caqiidooyinkeeda gaarka ah, waxayna ugu dambeyntii ka sootagday Ismaaciiliyada iyo Islaamka labadaba; kuwan waxaa ka mid ah rumaynta in Imaamka Al-Xaakim bi-Amr Allaah uu ahaa Ilaah jisoobay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Poonawala |first=Ismail K. |date=July–September 1999 |title=Review: ''The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning'' by Heinz Halm |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_july-september-1999_119_3/page/542 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |publisher=American Oriental Society |volume=119 |issue=3 |page=542 |doi=10.2307/605981 |issn=0003-0279 |jstor=605981 |lccn=12032032 |oclc=47785421}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Bryer | first = David R. W. | title = The Origins of the Druze Religion (Fortsetzung) | journal = Der Islam | year = 1975 | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–262 | doi = 10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | s2cid = 162363556 | url = https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | issn = 1613-0928 | ref = {{harvid|Bryer|1975b}} | url-access = subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yazdânism waxaa loo arkaa isku-dhafan ka mid ah rumaynta dhaladka ee Kurdiida iyo caqiidada Suufiyada Islaamka ee loo soo bandhigay Kurdistan ee Sheekh Cadi ibn Musafir ee qarnigii 12aad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Foltz |first=Richard |title=Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present |date=7 November 2013 |isbn=978-1-78074-307-3 |page=219 |chapter=Two Kurdish Sects: The Yezidis and the Yaresan |publisher=Oneworld Publications |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bábism waxay ka soo bilaabatay Shiicada Isnaashariyada ee martay Siyyid 'Ali Muhammad i-Shirazi al-Bab iyadoo mid ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri Baha'u'llah uu aasaasay Caqiidada Baha'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=House of Justice |first=Universal |title=One Common Faith |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/OCF/ocf-8.html |access-date=1 April 2017 |website=reference.bahai.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yarsanism,&lt;ref name=&quot;Z. Mir-Hosseini 1994, p.267&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mir-Hosseini |first=Z. |date=1994 |title=Inner Truth and Outer History: The Two Worlds of the Ahl-e Haqq of Kurdistan |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1994-04_26_2/page/267 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=26 |pages=267–268}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din-i Ilahi,{{sfnp|Roychoudhury|1941|page=306}} iyo Ali-Illahism&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Layard |first=Austen Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&amp;q=ali%2520illahism&amp;pg=PA216 |title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum |date=2010-08-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108016773 |page=216 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaa loo arkaa kuwo ka sootagay Islaamka. Sikhism, oo uu aasaasay Guru Nanak oo ku sugan Punjab qarnigii 15aad ee dambe, waxaa saameeyay Islaamku.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Elsberg |first=Constance |date=2003 |title=Graceful Women |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |isbn=978-1-57233-214-0 |pages=27–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaleeceynta ==
{{Main|Dhaleeceynta Islaamka}}

{{see also|Dhaleeceynta Muxammad|Dhaleeceynta Qur'aanka}}
[[File:Jacques Courtois - Battle between Christians and Muslims.jpg|thumb|Dagaalkii ka dhex dhacay Muslinka iyo Masiixiyiinta xilligii Dagaalladii Saliibiyada, oo uu sameeyay Jacques Courtois.]]
Dhaleeceynta Islaamku waxay jirtay tan iyo heeraradeedii ugu horreeyay. Dhaleeceyntii hore waxay ka timid qoraayaal Yahuud ah, sida Ibn Kammuna, iyo qoraayaal Masiixi ah, oo kuwo badan oo ka mid ah ay u arkayeen Islaamka bidco Masiixi ah ama nooc sanam-caabudid ah, iyagood inta badan ku fashilayay terms apocalyptic ah.{{sfnp|Fahlbusch et al|2001|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC|page=759}} 759]}} Qoraayaasha Masiixiyiinta ahi waxay dhaleeceeyeen sharraxaadaha laab-lakacsan ee Islaamku ka bixiyo jannada. Qarnigii sagaalaad aqoonyahankii Muslinka ahaa ee Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari wuxuu u dooday sharraxaadda Qur'aanka ee jannada iyadoo sheegaysa in Baybalku sidoo kale tilmaamayso fikradahaas, sida cabbidda khamriga ee jannada dhexdeeda oo ku jirta Injiilka Matayos. Caalimkii Masiixiga ahaa ee qarnigii 4aad Augustine ee Hippo caqiidooyinkiisu waxay keeneen diidmo baahsan oo ku saabsan raaxada jidhka ee nolosha iyo aakhiro dhexdeeda labadaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=Christian Lange |title=Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-50637-3 |pages=18–20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sawirro aflaadaad ah oo ka dhan ah Muxammad, oo ka soo bilaabmay sawirraddii hore ee qarnigii 7aad ee Kaniisadda Ortodokska Bari ee Boqortooyada Bizantiinta,&lt;ref&gt;Reeves, Minou, and P. J. Stewart. 2003. ''Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making''. NYU Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8147-7564-6}}. p. 93–96.&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ka muuqdaan gabayga qarnigii 14aad ee Divine Comedy oo uu qaray Dante Alighieri. Halkan, Muxammad waxaa lagu muujiyay goobta sideedaad ee jahannamada, iyadoo la joogo Cali. Dante ma eedayno Islaamka guud ahaan laakiin wuxuu eedaynayaa Muxammad kala qaybin, maadaama uu aasaasay diin kale Masiixiyadda ka dib.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stone&quot;&gt;Stone, G. 2006. ''Dante's Pluralism and the Islamic Philosophy of Religion''. Springer Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4039-8309-1}}. p. 53–54.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhaleeceynaha kale waxay diiradda saaraan la-dhaqanka shakhsiyaadka ee gudaha waddamada casriga ah ee Muslinku ku badan yahay, oo ay ku jiraan arrimo ku saabsan xuquuqda aadanaha, goorta ay si dhow u la xiriirto fulinta sharciga Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first1=Yohanan|last1=Friedmann|year=2003|title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie/page/n31 18], 35|isbn=978-0-521-02699-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale, isbeddellada dhowaan ee dhaqammada kala duwan ka dib, kartida loo malaynayo inay leeyihiin soo-galootiga Muslinka ah ee Galbeedka si ay u la qabsadaan waa la dhaleeceeyay oo waxaa loo eedeeyay asalka Islaamka kuwo ka mid ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Modood |first=Tariq |url=https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo |title=Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach |date=6 April 2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35515-5 |edition=1st |page=[https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo/page/n43 29] |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugu dambeyntii cilmi-baaris{{what|date=April 2026}} waxay heshay in diindhaqameedka Islaamka oo sarreeya uu la xiriiro xagjirinimada Islaamka oo sarreysa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kamenowski |first1=Maria |last2=Manzoni |first2=Patrik |last3=Haymoz |first3=Sandrine |last4=Isenhardt |first4=Anna |last5=Jacot |first5=Cédric |last6=Baier |first6=Dirk |date=2021-06-17 |title=Religion as an influencing factor of right-wing, left-wing and Islamist extremism. Findings of a Swiss youth study |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=6 |article-number=e0252851 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0252851 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=8211158 |pmid=34138885 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1652851K }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Ilaha ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Signs in the heavens |volume=2 |publisher=Amana Publications |year=2006 |isbn=1-59008-040-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Arnold|first=Thomas |title=The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith.|volume= |publisher= |year=1896 |isbn=}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Brockopp |first=Jonathan E. |title=Islamic Ethics of Life: abortion, war and euthanasia |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-57003-471-8}}
*{{Cite book|last=Bulliet|first=Richard| publisher = Houghton Mifflin| isbn = 0-618-42770-8| title = The Earth and Its Peoples
| location = Boston| year = 2005| url = | page = | quote = }}
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* {{Cite book |last=Rippin |first=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimstheirreli0000ripp |title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-415-21781-1 |edition=2nd |author-link=Andrew Rippin}}
* {{cite book |last=Roychoudhury |first=Makhanlal |year=1941 |title=The Din-i Ilahi, or, The Religion of Akbar |publisher=University of Calcutta |oclc=3312929 |url=https://archive.org/details/diniilahiorthere031361mbp |via=Internet Archive}}
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{{Refend}}

=== Qaamuusyo iyo encyclopedias ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{harvc |last1=Gardet|first1=L.|last2=Jomier|first2=J.|year=2012|c=Islām |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0387}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Fahlbusch et al|2001}} |editor-last=Fahlbusch |editor-first=Erwin |display-editors=etal |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC}} |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=2001 |isbn=978-90-04-11695-5 |volume=2}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=1913–1936 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor1-last=Houtsma |editor1-first=M.T. |editor1-link=Martijn Theodoor Houtsma |editor2-first=T.W. |editor2-last=Arnold |editor2-link=Thomas Walker Arnold |editor3-first=R. |editor3-last=Basset |editor4-first=R. |editor4-last=Hartmann |edition=1st |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-08265-6 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (1st ed.)|1913–1936}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=2012 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |edition=2nd |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012}}}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|n.d.}} |date=n.d. |url=https://brill.com/view/package/eio?language=en |url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World |series=Macmillan Reference Books |publisher=Thomson-Gale |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofis0001unse |editor-last=Martin |editor-first=Richard C. |isbn=978-0-02-865603-8}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |date=n.d. |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |editor-link=Jane Dammen McAuliffe}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=2 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2002}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=3 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2003}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Salamone |editor-first=Frank |edition=1st |isbn=978-0-415-94180-8 |series=Routledge Encyclopedias of Religion and Society |volume=6 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre00sala |jstor=j.ctt1jd94wq |year=2004}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas |editor-last=Glassé |editor-first=Cyril |series=Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam |isbn=978-0-7591-0190-6 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada |url-access=registration}} {{doi|10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001}} – via Oxford Reference.
* {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |year=2004 |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-975726-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |title=The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=isDgI0-0Ip4C|page=}} |editor-last=Leaman |editor-first=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-32639-1}}
{{Refend}}

== Akhrin dheeraad ah ==
{{Refbegin}}
* Abdul-Haqq, Abdiyah Akbar (1980). ''Sharing Your Faith with a Muslim''. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers. ''N.B''. Presents the genuine doctrines and concepts of Islam and of the Holy Qur'an, and this religion's affinities with Christianity and its Sacred Scriptures, in order to &quot;dialogue&quot; on the basis of what both faiths really teach. {{ISBN|0-87123-553-6}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2008 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |publisher=SAGE; Cato Institute |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |last=Ahmad |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Islam |author-link=Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-first=Ronald |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |pages=256–258 |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n155 |isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4 |lccn=2008009151 |oclc=750831024 |url={{Google books|yxNgXs3TkJYC|plainurl=yes}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Akyol |first=Mustafa |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwithoutextr0000akyo |title=Islam Without Extremes |publisher=W.W. Norton &amp; Company |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-393-07086-6 |edition=1st |author-link=Mustafa Akyol}}
* {{Cite book |last=Arberry |first=A.J. |url=https://archive.org/details/koraninterpreted00ajar |title=The Koran Interpreted: A Translation |publisher=Touchstone |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-684-82507-6 |edition=1st |author-link=A. J. Arberry}}
* Cragg, Kenneth (1975). ''The House of Islam'', in ''The Religious Life of Man Series''. Second ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company 1975. xiii, 145 p. {{ISBN|0-8221-0139-4}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Hafez |first=Sherine |title=An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements |year=2011 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=9780814773055 |url=https://opensquare.nyupress.org/books/9780814790724/}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Muhammad Muhsin |title=Noble Quran |last2=Al-Hilali Khan |last3=Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=1999 |isbn=978-9960-740-79-9 |edition=1st |author-link=Muhammad Muhsin Khan}}
* Khanbaghi, A, (2006). ''The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran''. I. B. Tauris.
* Khavari, Farid A. (1990). ''Oil and Islam: the Ticking Bomb''. First ed. Malibu, Calif.: Roundtable Publications. viii, 277 p., ill. with maps and charts. {{ISBN|0-915677-55-5}}.
* {{Cite book |title=The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-965-224-040-8 |editor-last=Kramer |editor-first=Martin |editor-link=Martin Kramer}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kuban |first=Dogan |title=Muslim Religious Architecture |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=1974 |isbn=978-90-04-03813-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwest00lewi_0 |title=Islam and the West |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-19-509061-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesinconfli0000lewi |title=Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-510283-3 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mubarkpuri |first=Saifur-Rahman |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Prophet |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-59144-071-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Najeebabadi |first=Akbar Shah |title=History of Islam |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-59144-034-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sayilgan |first=Salih |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/god-evil-and-suffering-in-islam/C4C89591ADAAF25F104D517C4F4634B3 |title=God, Evil, and Suffering in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9781009377294}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |url=https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |title=Deciphering the Signs of God: A Phenomenological Approach to Islam |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7914-1982-3 |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422154518/https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schuon |first=Frithjof |title=Understanding Islam |publisher=Allen &amp; Unwin |year=1963 |isbn=978-0941532242 |edition=3rd |author-link=Frithjof Schuon}}
* {{Cite book |last=Stoddard |first=Lothrop |title=The New World of Islam |publisher=Chapman &amp; Hall |year=1922 |url=https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/24107}}
* {{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Benjamin |title=Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith |publisher=Peter Owen Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7206-1038-3 |author-link=Benjamin Walker (author)}}
{{Refend}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam &quot;Islam&quot;]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/index.shtml Religion &amp; Ethics – Islam] Maqaallo hordhac u ah Islaamka oo ka socda BBC

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="279364" sha1="3grtwbokeuy4r5pws9ly381m4v3b7l1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox religion
| native_name        = {{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{transliteration|ar|al-Islām}}
| image              = The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg
| caption            = [[Kacbada]] ee ku taal [[Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Makka]], [[Sacuudi Carabiya]], oo ah [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]]
| type               = 
| main_classification = [[Abrahamic religions|Ibraahimi ah]]
| scripture          = {{Plainlist|
* [[Quraan]]
* Sunnada: [[Xadiis]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The saheeh Sunnah is wahy (Revelation) from Allah |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/77243/the-saheeh-sunnah-is-wahy-(revelation)-from-allah |website=islamqa.info |access-date=15 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tafsiirka: [[Tafsiir]]&lt;ref&gt;Mir, Mustansir. (1995). &quot;Tafsīr&quot;. In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| theology           = [[Tawhid|Hal ilaah aaminsan]]
| law                = [[Shareecada]]
| philosophy         = [[Falsafada Islaamka]]
| area               = [[Islam by country|Adduunka oo dhan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Global Islam&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2011/01/FutureGlobalMuslimPopulation-WebPDF-Feb10.pdf|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=27 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| language           = [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Quraanka]]
| territory          = [[Dunida Islaamka]]
| founder            = [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Maxamed]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Welch |first1=Alford T. |last2=Moussalli |first2=Ahmad S. |last3=Newby |first3=Gordon D. |date=2009 |entry=Muḥammad |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry-url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| founded_date       = {{circa|610 C.D.}}
| founded_place      = [[Jabal al-Nour]]&lt;!-- Beginnings are understood to be where Muhammad is said to have received his first ever revelation, which was inside a cave in this mountain --&gt;
| number_of_followers = {{est.}} 2 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2010–2020&quot; /&gt; {{increase}} (oo si gaar ah loogu yeero [[Muslimiin]], halka si wadajir ah loogu yeero {{transliteration|ar|[[Ummah]]}})
| separations        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ali-Illahism]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&amp;q=ali%2520illahism&amp;pg=PA216|title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum|last=Layard|first=Austen Henry|date=2010-08-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108016773|page=216|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Druze faith]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of American Islam |first=Yvonne |last=Yazbeck Haddad |year=2014 |isbn=9780199862634 |page=142|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Baháʼí Faith]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Van der Vyer |first=J. D. |year=1996 |title=Religious human rights in global perspective: religious perspectives |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |isbn=90-411-0176-4 |page=449 |url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
}}
{{Sidebar with collapsible lists
| name = religion sidebar
| pretitle = Qayb ka mid ah taxane ku saabsan
| pretitlestyle = padding-top:0.8em;
| titlestyle = padding-bottom:0.5em;
| title = [[Diin]]
| listtitlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; font-size:100%;
| centered list titles = yes
| image = [[File:Icon-religion.svg|200px|class=skin-invert]]
| imagestyle = padding-bottom:1em;
| listclass = hlist
| liststyle = padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.25em; font-size: 11px;
| expanded = {{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}
|}

| abovestyle = padding:0.5em 2em 0.5em; display:block; background-color: #efefef;
| above = {{startflatlist}}
* [[Outline of religion|Dulucda]]
* [[Index of religion-related articles|Liisaska]]
* [[:Category:Religion|Qeybta]]
* [[:Category:Indexes of religion topics|Tusaha]]
* [[History of religion|Taariikhda diinta]]
* [[Portal:Religion|Bogga]]
{{endflatlist}}

| list1name = religions
| list1title = Diimaha
| list1titlestyle = padding-top:0.5em;
| list1 = 
{{Sidebar |child |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off
  | heading1 = [[Abrahamic religions|Diimaha Ibraahimiyeed]]
  | content1style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content1 = 
* [[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]]
* [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]
* [[Islam|Islaamka]]
* [[Alawism|Calawiisimka]]
* [[Alevism|Alewiisimka]]
* [[Azalism|Azaliisimka]]/[[Bábism|Baabiisimka]]
* [[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]]
* [[Druze Faith|Diinta Duruusta]]
* [[Mormonism|Mormooniyadda]]
* [[Mandaeism|Mandeiisimka]]
* [[Manichaeism|Maniikiisimka]]
* [[Rastafari|Rastafariyiinta]]
* [[Samaritanism|Samaritaniisimka]]
  | heading2 = [[Iranian religions|Diimaha Iiraaniga]]
  | content2style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content2 = 
* [[Yazidism|Yasiidiisimka]]
* [[Yarsanism|Yarsaniisimka]]
* [[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]]
  | heading3 = [[Indian religions|Diimaha Hindiya]]
  | content3style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content3 = 
* [[Hinduism|Hinduugga]]
* [[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]]
* [[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]]
* [[Sikhism| Sikhiisimka]]
* [[Bon|Yungdrung Bon]]
  | heading4 = [[East Asian religions|Diimaha Bariga Aasiya]]
  | content4style = padding-top:0em;
  | content4 = 
* [[Taoism|Taowaysimka]]
* [[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]]
* [[Shinto|Shinto]]
* [[Tian|Tian]]
* [[Shangdi|Shangdi]]
* [[Hongjun Laozu|Hongjun Laozu]]
}}


| list2name = schools
| list2title = Dugsiyada Fikirka
| list2titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list2 =
* [[Acosmism|Aakosmisimka]]
* [[Agnosticism|Agnostisismka]]
* [[Animism|Animisimka]]
* [[Antireligion|Diin-diidka]]
* [[Apatheism|Apatheisimka]]
* [[Atheism|Aqoonsi la'aanta Ilaah / Ateyismka]]
* [[Creationism|Abuuristaaniyadda]]
* [[Dharma|Dharmismka]]
* [[Deism|Deiisimka]]
* [[Divine command theory|Aragt Dardaaran Ilaahay]]
* [[Dualism in cosmology|Labo-jirnimada]]
* [[Western esotericism|Sir-doonka Reer Galbeedka]]
* [[Elite religion|Diinta dadka sare]]
* [[Exclusivism|Gaar-yeelidda]]
* [[Existentialism|Jiritaaniyadda]]
** [[Atheistic existentialism|ateyste]]
** [[Christian existentialism|masiixi]]
* [[Feminist theology|Falsafada dumarka]]
* [[Fideism|Caqiido-ku-tiirsiga]]
* [[Folk religion|Diinta dadweynaha]]
* [[Fundamentalism|Aasaas-ku-dhagidda]]
* [[Gnosticism|Gnostisismka]]
* [[Henotheism|Henotheiisimka]]
* [[Hermeticism|Hermetiisimka]]
* [[Humanism|Aadmiga-jecleyska]]
** [[Christian humanism|masiixi]]
** [[Religious humanism|diimeed]]
** [[Secular humanism|cilmiyeed]]
* [[Ietsism|Ietsismka]]
* [[Theological noncognitivism|Ignostisismka]]
* [[Inclusivism|Wadajir-yeelidda]]
* [[Kathenotheism|Kathenotheiisimka]]
* [[Lived religion|Diinta la nool yahay]]
* [[Monism|Kow-jirnimada]]
* [[Monotheism|Kkudnimada Alle]]
* [[Mysticism|Suufiyadda / Sir-raadinta]]
* [[Naturalism (philosophy)|Dabiiciyadda]]
** [[Humanistic naturalism|aadmiga]]
** [[Metaphysical naturalism|milyawiga]]
** [[Religious naturalism|diimeed]]
* [[New Age|Cаманkii Cusub]]
* [[Nonduality (spirituality)|Laba-mid-la'aanta]]
* [[Nontheism|Ilaah-la'aanta]]
* [[Omnism|Omnisimka]]
* [[Pandeism|Pandeiisimka]]
* [[Panentheism|Panenteiisimka]]
* [[Pantheism|Panteiisimka]]
* [[Perennial philosophy|Falsafadda weligeed ah]]
* [[Polytheism|Shirkiga / Ilaahyo badan]]
* [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]]
* [[Shendao shejiao|Shendao shejiao]]
* [[Spiritualism (beliefs)|Rux-raadinta]]
* [[Shamanism|Shaamanismka]]
* [[East Asian religions|Taowayga]]
* [[Theism|Ilaah-rumaynta]]
* [[Transcendentalism|Sare-u-kacaaniyadda]]
* [[Transtheism|Transtheiisimka]]
* [[Unitarianism|Mowqifka kow-jirka]]

| list3name = concepts
| list3title = Fikradaha
| list3titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list3 =
* [[Afterlife|Aakhiro]]
* [[Anthropopathism|Sifaadka bini'aadmiga ee Ilaah]]
* [[Apophatic theology|Apophatismka]]
* [[Aseity|Iskii-jitaanshaha]]
* [[Religious belief|Aaminsanaanta Diinta]]
* [[Brahman|Brahman]]
* [[Cataphatic theology|Cataphatismka]]
* [[Cult|Kooxda diimeed]]
* [[Demiurge|Demiurge]]
* [[Divine simplicity|Fududeynta Ilaahay]]
* [[Eschatology|Qiyaamaha iyo Aakhiro]]
* [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|Iftiintinka]]
* [[Eternity#God and eternity|Weligiis-jitaanshaha]]
* [[Euthyphro dilemma|Muran-weydiintii Euthyphro]]
* [[Existence of God|Jiritaanka Ilaahay]]
* [[Faith|Iimaan]]
* [[Form of the Good|Qaabka Wanaagga]]
* [[Gender of God|Jinsiga Ilaahay]]
* [[Gnosis|Gnosis]]
* [[Holy Spirit|Ruuxa Quduuska ah]]
* [[Intelligent design|Naqshadda caqli-gal ah]]
* [[Moksha|Xorreynta]]
* [[Misotheism|Ilaah-nacaybka]]
* [[Miracle|Mucjiso]]
* [[Names of God|Magacyada Ilaahay]]
* [[New religious movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa diimeed ee cusub]]
* [[Omnibenevolence|Naxariista-buuxda]]
* [[Omnipotence|Awoodda-oo-dhan]]
* [[Omnipresence|Meel-kasta-joogidda]]
* [[Omniscience|Cilmiga-oo-dhan]]
* [[Pandeism|Pandeistiga]]
* [[Personal god|Ilaah shakhsi ah]]
* [[Prayer|Dugsi / Baryo]]
* [[Problem of evil|Dhibaatada xumaanta]]
* [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]]
* [[Belief#Religion|Aaminsanaanta diimeed]]
* [[Problem of religious language|Luqadda diinta]]
* [[Reincarnation|Soo-noqoshada nolosha (Reincarnation)]]
* [[Faith|Iimaanka diimeed]]
* [[Revelation|Waxyi]]
* [[Religious text|Qoraallada diinta]]
* [[Soul|Nafta]]
* [[Summum bonum|Wanaagga ugu sarreeya]]
* [[Tawhid|Kkudnimada Alle]]
* [[Theological veto|Diidmada diinta]]
* [[Transcendence (religion)|Sare-u-baxa diimeed]]
* [[Trinity|Saddex-midnimada]]
* [[Creator deity|Ugu sarreeyaha / Abuuraha]]
* [[Unmoved mover|Dhaqaajiye aan la dhaqaajin]]
* [[Vitalism|Ruuxda nolosha]]
* [[Worship|Caabudaad]]

| list4name = figures
| list4title = Hoggaamiyeyaasha Aasaasaya
| list4titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list4=
*[[Ciise]] ([[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]])
*[[Maxamed]] ([[Islam|Islaamka]])
*[[Ibraahim]] ([[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]])
*[[Siddhartha Gautama]] ([[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]])
*[[Guru Nanak]] ([[Sikhism|Sikhiisimka]])
*[[Mahavira]] ([[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]])
*[[Zoroaster]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]])
*[[Hamza ibn Ali]] ([[Druze|Duruusta]])
*[[Laozi]] ([[Taoism|Taowayga]])
*[[Confucius]] ([[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]])
* [[Baháʼu'lláh]] ([[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]])

| belowclass = plainlist
| belowstyle = text-align:center;font-weight:normal; padding:1em 1em 1em;
| below = 
Kani waa [[:Category:Philosophy and thinking sidebar templates|farac]] ka mid ah [[philosophy|falsafadda]]. Si aad u baarto mowduucyada la xiriira, fadlan booqo [[:Category:Religion_and_belief_navigational_boxes|hage-tusaha]].

}}
'''Islaamku'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|ɑː|m|,_|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|æ|m}} {{respell|IZ|la(h)m}};&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Cambridge Dictionaries |Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام|al-Islām}}|al-Islām}}, {{IPA|ar|alʔisˈlaːm|IPA}}, {{lit|hordhaca [ee la xiriira [[ogaanshaha doonista Ilaahay]]]}}}} waa diin [[Abrahamic|Ibraahimi ah]] oo ku saleysan [[Quraan|Quraanka]] iyo [[Sunnah|barashada]] [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Nabi Maxamed]]. Diintan [[monotheistic|kelinimada Alle]] waxay leedahay qiyaastii [[Islam by country|2 bilyan oo raacsan adduunka oo dhan]], oo lagu magacaabo [[Muslims|Muslimiin]]. Islaamku waa [[Major religious groups|diinta labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka]], marka laga reebo [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin inay jirto [[Fitra|iimaan asal ah]] oo la soo waxyooday marar badan iyadoo la sii marinayo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|rusul iyo nabiyo hore]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], waxayna rumeysan yihiin in Islaamku yahay nooca caalamiga ah ee dhameystiran ee [[faith|iimaankan]]. 

Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan Quraanka inuu yahay hadalka dhabta ah ee [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] iyo waxyigii ugu dambeeyay ee aan wax laga beddelin. Dhinaca Quraanka, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale rumeysan yihiin [[Islamic holy books|kutubtii hore ee la soo waxyooday]], sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]), ''[[Psalms in Islam|Sabuur]]'' ([[Psalms]]), iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel]]). Waxay rumeysan yihiin in [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] yahay [[Seal of the Prophets|nabiga ugu weyn uguna dambeeya]] ee [[God|Ilaahay]], kaasoo diinta la soo dhameystiray, oo aan ka dib imanayn nabigii cusub ama sharcigii samada ahayn. Barashada iyo tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee Maxamed, oo loogu yeero [[Sunnah]], oo lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin loogu yeero [[Hadith|Xadiis]], ayaa bixiya tusaale dastuuri ah oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Islaamku wuxuu ku saleysan yahay rumaysashada kow-nimada iyo kelinimada Ilaahay ({{Transliteration|ar|[[tawhid]]}}), iyo rumaysashada [[afterlife|aakhiro]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[akhirah]]}}) oo ay ku jirto [[Judgement Day in Islam|Maalinta Qiyaame]]—halkaas oo kuwa suubban lagu abaalmarin doono jannada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jannah]]}}) kuwa xunneydna lagu ciqaabi doono naarta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jahannam]]}}). [[Five Pillars of Islam|Shanta Arкан ee Islaamka]], oo loo arko inay yihiin cibaadooyin [[Fard|waajib ah]], waa shahaadada diinta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[shahada]]}}), salaadaha maalinlaha ah ({{Transliteration|ar|[[salah]]}}), sakada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[zakat]]}}), soonka bisha [[Ramadan]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sawm]]}}), iyo [[pilgrimage|xajka]] loo aado [[Mecca|Makka]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[hajj]]}}). Sharciga Islaamka ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sharia]]}}), wuxuu taabanayaa ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha, laga bilaabo [[Islamic banking and finance|bangiyada iyo maaliyadda]] iyo [[Zakat|gar-gaarka]] ilaa [[Gender roles in Islam|doorka ragga]] iyo [[Women in Islam|doorka dumarka]] iyo [[Islamic ethics#Environmentalism|deegaanka]]. Labada [[Islamic holidays|ci둡 diimeed]] ee ugu waaweyn waa Ciidul Fitri iyo Ciidul Adxa. Saddexda [[holiest sites in Islam|goobood ee ugu barakeysan]] waa [[Masjid al-Haram|Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], iyo [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]].

Islaamku wuxuu ka soo aasaasay Makka qiyaastii 610 C.D. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in tani ay tahay xilligii [[Muhammad's first revelation|Maxamed uu helay waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]]. Waqtigii uu geeriyooday, inta badan [[Arabian Peninsula|Jaziiradda Carabta]] way [[Conversion to Islam|isu rogtay Islaamka]]. Islaamku wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu fiday wixii ka dambeeyay Carabta iyadoo hoos imaneysa [[Rashidun Caliphate|Khulaafadii Raashidiyiinta]] iyo [[Umayyad Caliphate|Khulaafadii Umawiyiinta]]. Labada [[Islamic schools and branches|laamood ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka]] waa [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]] (87–90%) iyo [[Shia Islam|Shiicada]] (10–13%).{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. &quot;Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.&quot;}} Muslimiinta Sunniga iyo Shiicada ah ayaa wada noqda ku dhawaad ​​guud ahaan dadweynaha Muslimka ah ee adduunka, iyadoo qiyaasuhu ka bilaabmaan qiyaastii 1.7–1.8 bilyan oo Sunni ah ilaa 285–300 milyan oo Shiico ah adduunka oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2009-10-07|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Shia Muslim Population – Islamic Research and Information Center (IRIC)|url=https://iric.org/world-shia-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project on Shi’ism and Global Affairs|url=https://shiism.hds.harvard.edu/|url-status=live|website=Harvard University}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkasta oo [[Shia–Sunni relations|khilaafka Shiicada iyo Sunniga]] uu asal ahaan ka soo bilowday is-afgaranwaa ku saabsan [[succession to Muhammad|dhaxalkii Maxamed]], waxay kor u qaadeen cabbir ballaaran, labada [[Schools of Islamic theology|dhinaca caqiidada]] iyo [[Fiqh|fiqhigaa]]. Ururinta xadiiska suuban ee Sunniga waxay ka kooban tahay [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Kitaab]], halka ururinta xadiiska Shiicada ay ka kooban tahay [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]]. Muslimiintu waxay ka yihiin inta badan dadweynaha 53 dal.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2010–2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=June 9, 2025 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}

*{{cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett |author2=Marcin Stonawski |author3=Yunping Tong |author4=Stephanie Kramer |author5=Anne Shi |author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf |access-date=2025-06-10 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaastii 12% Muslimiinta adduunka waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in Indonesia|Indoonisiya]], oo ah dalka ugu dadka badan ee Muslimiinta ah; {{#expr: 100 * 480/1570 round 0}}% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in South Asia|Kooniyada Aasiya]]; 20% waxay ku nool yihiin [[MENA#Religion|Bariga Dhexe iyo Waqooyiga Afrika]]; iyo 15% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa|Afrika ka hooseysa Saharada]]. Muslimiinta sidoo kale waxaa laga helaa [[Islam in the Americas|Ameerikaanka]], [[Islam in China|Shiinaha]], iyo [[Islam in Europe|Yurub]]. Muslimiintu waa [[Muslim population growth|kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraysa adduunka]], taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay [[fertility rate| heerka dhalmada oo sarreeya]] iyo qaab-dhismeedka da'da yar marka loo eego diimaha diimaha kale ee waaweyn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lipka |first=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=2017-04-06 |title=Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2026-09-01 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka waxaa la saadaalinayaa inuu noqdo diinta ugu weyn adduunka dhammaadka qarniga 21-aad, isagoo ka sarre marinaya Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=April 6, 2017 |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2015&quot;&gt;{{cite report |author=[[Pew Forum|The Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life]] |title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211090450/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-date=2020-12-11 |date=2015-04-02 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--Do NOT add citations to the lead, except for material likely to be challenged, per [[MOS:LEADCITE]] ([[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section#Citations)]]. Move unneeded citations to the body.--&gt;

== Asalka ereyga{{anchor|Etymology}}&lt;!-- Linked from many articles. If changing the section title, please let this anchor remain unchanged  --&gt;==
{{See also|Muslims#Etymology}}
Luqadda Carabiga, ''Islaam'' ({{langx|ar|إسلام|lit=hordhaca [ee la xiriira Ilaahay]}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Definition of Islam {{!}} Dictionary.com |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.dictionary.com |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509110220/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Haywood |first=John |title=Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (AD 600 - 1492) |publisher=Barnes &amp; Noble, Inc. |year=2002 |isbn=0-7607-1975-6 |edition=1st |location=Spain |pages=3.13 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waa magaca fal-galeedka [[wikt:أسلم#Arabic|Foomka IV]] ee ka soo jeeda falka {{lang|ar|سلم}} ({{transliteration|ar|salama}}), ka soo jeeda [[Semitic root|xididka saddex-xarafle ah]] {{lang|ar|س-ل-م}} ({{transliteration|ar|[[Š-L-M|S-L-M]]}}), kaas oo sameeya fasal weyn oo erayo ah oo badankood la xiriira fikradaha dhiibin-hoosaadka, badbaadada, iyo nabadgelyada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lane-Lexicon-4&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Lane |first=Edward William |author-link=Edward William Lane |title=An Arabic-English Lexicon |volume=4 |chapter=Siin |url=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907230044/http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-date=2011-09-07 |via=[[The Study Quran|StudyQuran]] |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Macnaha diimeed, waxay tilmaamaysaa u dhiibashada buuxda ee doonista [[God|Ilaahay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Barnard |last2=Churchill |first2=Buntzie Ellis |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi |title=Islam: The Religion and The People |publisher=Wharton School Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-13-223085-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi/page/8 8]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ereyga ''[[Muslims|Muslim]]'' ({{lang|ar|مُسْلِم}}), oo ah erayga loogu talagalay qofka raaca Islaamka,&lt;ref name=&quot;Lexico-Muslim&quot;&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=Muslim |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913192608/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-date=2019-09-13 |dictionary=[[Lexico]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2020 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en-GB }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |date=20190913192608 }}&lt;/ref&gt; waa [[Participle|falka firfircoon]] ee isla nooca falka, oo macneheedu yahay &quot;dhiibtiye (Ilaahay)&quot; ama &quot;qof u hoggaansamaya (Ilaahay)&quot;. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khabiirka [[Quranic studies|barashada Quraanka]] [[Mohsen Goudarzi]] wuxuu ku dooday in Quraanka ereyga ''[[dīn]]'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;[[worship|cibaado]]&quot;, ''islām'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;[[monotheism|kwdnimada]]&quot; iyo ''muslim'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;muwaahid / qof kelinimada Alle rumeeyay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Goudarzi |first=Mohsen |date=2023-08-01 |title=Worship (dīn), Monotheism (islām), and the Qurʾān's Cultic Decalogue |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006/html |journal=Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=30–71 |doi=10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006 |issn=2474-8420|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gudaha [[Hadith of Gabriel|Xadiiska Jibriil]], ''Islaam'' waxaa lagu soo bandhigay inuu yahay hal qayb oo ka mid ah saddaxleey oo ay ku jirto {{transliteration|ar|[[Iman (Islam)|imān]]}} (iimaan), iyo {{transliteration|ar|[[Ihsan|ihsān]]}} (fududeyn / ixsaan).{{sfnp|Esposito|2000|pp=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76 76–77]}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mahmutćehajić |first=Rusmir |url=https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm |title=The mosque: the heart of submission |publisher=[[Fordham University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8232-2584-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm/page/n104 84] |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka laftiisa ayaa taariikh ahaan loogu yeeri jiray [[Mohammedan|''Mohammedanism'' (Maxamediyad)]] gudaha [[English-speaking world|dunida Ingiriiska ku hadasha]]. Eraygan wuxuu ka baxay isticmaalka waxaana mararka qaarkood la sheegaa inuu yahay [[Religious offence|dhaawac diimeed]], maadaama uu tilmaamayo in bini'aadam, halkii uu ka noqon lahaa Ilaahay, uu yahay kan udub-dhexaadka u ah diinta Muslimiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| last = Gibb| first = Sir Hamilton| title = Mohammedanism: an historical survey|isbn=9780195002454| year = 1969| page=1 | quote=Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiirarka iimaanka ==
{{Main|Aqidah|Iman (Islam)|l2 = Iman}}

[[caqiidada]] Islaamku (''[[aqidah]]'') waxay u baahan tahay rumaysashada lix tiir: Ilaahay, malaa'igta, waxyiga, nabiyada, [[Day of Resurrection|Maalinta Qiyaamaha]], iyo qadarinta masiirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality|publisher=New World Library|pages=68–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&amp;pg=PA68|editor-first=Joel|editor-last=Beversluis|year=2011|isbn=9781577313328|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022948/https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&amp;pg=PA68#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilaahay ===
[[File:Istanbul,_Hagia_Sophia,_Allah.jpg|thumb|[[calligraphy|Qoraal gacmeedka]] qarnigii 19-aad oo muujinaya magaca [[Allah|Alle]] ee ku yaal [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]]
{{Main|God in Islam}}

Fikradda udub-dhexaadka u ah Islaamka waa ''[[Tawhid|tawḥīd]]'' ({{langx|ar|توحيد|link=no}}), oo ah kelinimada Ilaahay. Badanaa waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay ''monotheism sax ah'', laakiin sidoo kale waa [[panentheism|panentheistic]] ku dhex leh barashada suufiga Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |title=Tawhid |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107041300/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Gimaret|first=D.|year=2012|c=Tawḥīd |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7454}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ilaahay waxaa loo arkaa mid aan la barbar dhigi karin oo aan lahayn tiro dad ah sida ku jirta [[Christian Trinity|Saddex-midnimada Masiixiga]], oo tiro u nisbeynta Ilaahay ama sifooyinka Ilaahay oo loo nisbeeyo dad kale waxaa loo arkaa shirk, oo lagu magacaabo [[Shirk (Islam)|''shirk'']]. Sidaas darteed, Muslimiintu ma aha [[iconodule]]s mana u nisbeeyaan qaabab Ilaahay. Ilaahay halkaas waxaa lagu sifeeyaa oo loogu yeeraa dhowr [[Names of God in Islam|magac ama sifooyin]], kan ugu caansan waa ''Ar-Rahmān'' ({{lang|ar|الرحمان}}) oo macneheedu yahay &quot;Naxariis-guud&quot;, iyo ''Ar-Rahīm'' ({{lang|ar|الرحيم}}) oo macneheedu yahay &quot;Naxariis-gaar ah&quot; kuwaas oo laga baryo bilowga inta badan Suuradaha Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Kecia |title=Islam : the key concepts |date=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |last2=Leaman |first2=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-39638-7 |location=London |oclc=123136939}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Campo|2009|p=34|loc=&quot;Allah&quot;}} Magaca tooska ah ee Carabiga ee Ilaahay, ''[[Allāh]]'' (الله), oo ah eray aan lahayn [[plural|wadar]] ama [[gender|jinsi]], ayaa sidoo kale si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa luqadaha kale ee Muslimiinta iyo Masiixiyiinta iyo Yuhuuda Carabiga ku hadla si ay ugu tixraacaan Ilaahay, halka ''{{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[ʾilāh]]}}'' ({{lang|ar|إله}}) uu yahay eray loo isticmaalo ilaah ama ilaah guud ahaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=God |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |access-date=18 December 2010 |website=Islam: Empire of Faith |publisher=[[PBS]] |archive-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034958/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in abuurista wax kasta oo ku jira [[universe|caalamka]] la keenay iyada oo la raacayo amarka Ilaahay sida lagu muujiyay erayada, &quot;[[Be, and it is|Aabo, oo wuu noqdaa]],&quot;&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|2|117|b=yl}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo in [[Meaning of life|ujeeddada jiritaanka]] ay tahay in la caabudo Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;Leeming, David. 2005. ''The Oxford Companion to World Mythology''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-195-15669-0}}. p. 209.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo arkaa ilaah shakhsi ah oo wax dhexdhexaadin ah, sida [[clergy|wadaaddada]], looma baahna si loo gaaro xiriir lala yeesho Ilaahay. Wacyigelinta Ilaahay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[taqwa]].

=== Qoraallada Quduuska ah ===
{{Main|Kutubta quduuska ah ee Islaamka | Qur'aanka|Wahy}}

{{See also|Taariikhda Qur'aanka}}[[File:Birmingham Quran manuscript full.jpg|thumb|Labo bogos oo ka mid ah qoraal-gacmeedka Quraanka Birmingham, oo lagu qoray farta Xijaasiga ah ee maqaarka xoolaha taariikhdooduna ay ku beegantahay 568–645 C.D., oo ku beegan xilligii Nabi Maxamed noolaa.]]
Qoraalka quduska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa Quraanka. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka ay Alle u soo waxyooday Nabi Maxamed, oo uu u soo wakiishay malagii Jibriil, marar badan intii u dhaxaysay 610 C.D.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo 632, oo ah sannadkii uu geeriyooday Nabi Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu noolaa Nabi Maxamed, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray saxaradiisa, inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee loo gudbin jiray uu ahaa afka oo lagu barto xifdi ahaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=Asian Music |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 114 suuradood oo ay ku jiraan wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood. Suuradaha hore ee soo degay, ee ku soo degay Maka, waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha diiniga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee Madiina ay ka hadlayaan arrimaha bulshada iyo sharciga ah ee khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah.[[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal-gacmeed Quraan ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran rihaal, kaas oo ah taageerada buugga ee qoraalka quduska ah, oo lagu hayo Matxafka Reza Abbasi ee ku yaalla Tehraan, Iran.]]
Sharci-yaqaanada Islaamku waxay la tashadaan Xadiiska, ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Nabi Maxamed, si ay u kaalmeeyaan Quraanka una caawiyaan fasiraadiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka Quraanka iyo tafsiirka waxaa loo yaqaanaa tafsiir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimaddiisa diiniga ah, Quraanka waxaa si weyn loogu tixgeliyaa inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican ee suugaanta Carabiga,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=Charles E. Tuttle Company|year=1994|page=1|title=The Koran|quote=&quot;Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence.&quot;|isbn=1842126091}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=Allen &amp; Unwin|year=1956|quote=&quot;It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.&quot;|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo afka Carabiga.&lt;ref&gt;Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. &quot;Literature and the Quran.&quot; In ''Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an'' 3. pp. 213, 216.&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Alle uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo waxyi, oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda dhexdeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah qoraalladii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida Tawraat (Tawraad) iyo Injiil (Injiil), ay noqdeen kuwo la leexiyay—ha ahaato dhinaca fasiraadda, qoraalka, ama labadaba,&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Peters|2003|p=9&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot;&gt;{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Hava Lazarus-Yafeh}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Quraanku (Akhris) loo arko erayga ugu dambeeya ee Alle oo aan wax beddel ah lahayn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringgren&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription}} &quot;The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are two different theories about this term and its formation.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}}


=== Malaa'igta ===
[[File:Rashid al-Din Tabib - Jami al-Tawarikh, f.45v detail - c. 1306-15.png|thumb|Maxamed oo helaya [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] oo uga imaanaya malaa'igta [[Gabriel]], oo ka socda qoraal gacmeedka [[Jami' al-tawarikh|Jami' al-Tawarikh]] ee uu qoray [[Rashid al-Din Hamadani|Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]], lagu daabacay [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]], 1307 C.D.]]
{{Main|Angels in Islam}}

Malaa'igta (keligood: {{langx|ar|ملك|link=no}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|malak}}'') waa makhluuqaad lagu sifeeyay Quraanka{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=23}} iyo xadiiska.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay u abuuran yihiin inay caabudaan Ilaahay iyo inay sidoo kale ka shaqeeyaan waajibaadyo kale oo gaar ah sida gudbinta [[revelation|waxyiga]] ee ka yimid Ilaahay, diiwaangelinta ficilada qof kasta, iyo qaadashada [[soul|nafta]] qofka waqtiga dhimashada. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay si kala duwan uga abuurmeen 'iftiin' ([[Nūr (Islam)|''nūr'']])&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia-Nur&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nūr |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423085030/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-date=2022-04-23 |encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |via=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |language=en |access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last1=Hartner, W.|last2=Tj Boer |year=2012 |c=Nūr |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0874}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Elias |first=Jamal J. |year=2003|c=Light |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00261}}&lt;/ref&gt; ama 'dab' (''nār'').&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Campo |first=Juan E. |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nar |c=Nar |in=Martin |year=2004}}. – via [[Encyclopedia.com]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last=Fahd, T. |year=2012 |c=Nār |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0846}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Toelle |first=Heidi |year=2002 |c=Fire |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00156}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|McAuliffe|2003|p=45}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malaa'igta Islaamka waxaa badanaa lagu matalaa [[Anthropomorphism|qaabab bini'aadamnimo]] oo ay ku jiraan sawirro [[supernatural|cajiib ah]], sida baalal, oo ah kuwa aad u waaweyn ama xidhan dhar janno.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|pp=97–99}}&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=26–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Webb |first=Gisela |c=Angel |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last1=MacDonald, D. B.|last2=Madelung, W. |year=2012 |c=Malāʾika |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}}{{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0642}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sifooyinka caadiga ah ee malaa'igta waxaa ka mid ah inaysan lahayn baahiyo jir iyo rabitaanno, sida cunidda iyo cabidda.{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|p=140}} Qaarkood, sida [[Gabriel|Jibriil]] iyo [[Michael (archangel)|Miikaa'il]], ayaa magacyadooda lagu xusay Quraanka. Malaa'igtu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan suugaanta ku saabsan [[Isra and Mi'raj|Mi'raajka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu kula kulmo dhowr malaa'igood intii uu ku jirsaday safarkiisa samada.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Malaa'ig dheeraad ah ayaa badanaa lagu muujiyay [[Islamic eschatology|qiyaamaha]], [[Kalam|cilmiga kalaamka]] iyo [[Islamic philosophy|falsafada Islaamka]].{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=22}}

=== Kitaabyada ===
[[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal gacmeed [[Quran|Quraan]] ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran [[Rehal (book rest)|rehal]], oo ah kursiga kitaabka qudduuska ah, oo lagu hayo [[Reza Abbasi Museum]] ee [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].]]
{{Main|Islamic holy books|Quran|Wahy}}

{{See also|History of the Quran}}
Kitaabka quduuska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa [[Quran|Quraanka]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka uu Maxamed u soo waxyooday Ilaahay, iyada oo la sii marinayo [[archangel|malaa'igta]] Jibriil, marar badan inta u dhaxaysa 610 C.D.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022949/https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo 632, sanadkii uu geeriyooday Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu Maxamed noolaa, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray [[Muhammad's companions|saxaabtiisa]], inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee gudbinta uu ahaa af ahaan iyada oo la adeegsanayo [[Hafiz (Quran)|xifdinta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=[[Society for Asian Music|Asian Music]] |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu u qaybsamaa 114 suuradood (''[[sūrah]]'') oo ka kooban wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood (''[[ayah|āyāt]]''). Suuradaha hore ee taariikh ahaan, ee lagaga soo waxyooday [[Mecca|Makka]], waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha ruuxiga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee [[Medina|Madiina]] ay ka hadlaan arrimo bulsho iyo sharci oo khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah. Qareennada Muslimiintu waxay la tashadaan xadiiska ('warka'), ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Maxamed, si ay labadaba u taageeraan Quraanka oo ay uga caawiyaan tafsiirkiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka iyo tafsiirka Quraanka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[tafsir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019035210/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimadiisa diimeed, Quraanka waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay si weyn inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican [[Arabic literature|suugaanta Carabiga]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=[[Charles E. Tuttle Company]]|year=1994|page=1|title=The Koran|quote=&quot;Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence.&quot;|isbn=1842126091}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=[[Allen &amp; Unwin]]|year=1956|quote=&quot;It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.&quot;|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo luqadda Carabiga.&lt;ref&gt;Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. &quot;Literature and the Quran.&quot; In ''[[Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān|Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an]]'' 3. pp. 213, 216.&lt;/ref&gt;

Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Ilaahay uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo ''[[wahy]]'', oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah kitaabadii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]) iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel in Islam|Injiil]]), ay noqdeen kuwo [[tahrif|la leexiyay]]—ha ahaato tafsiirka, qoraalka, ama labadaba,&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Peters|2003|p=9&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot;&gt;{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=[[Hava Lazarus-Yafeh]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Quraanka ({{Lit|Akhrinta}}) loo arko hadalka ugu dambeeya, ee dhabta ah ee aan wax laga beddelin ee Ilaahay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringgren&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505001543/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487666/Quran |url-status=live }} &quot;The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are [[Quran#Etymology and meaning|two different theories]] about this term and its formation.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}}

=== Nabiyada ===
{{Main|Prophets and messengers in Islam|Sunnah|Hadith}}

[[File:Medieval Persian manuscript Muhammad leads Abraham Moses Jesus.jpg|thumb|[[Persian miniature|Miniakiyada Faarisiga]] ee qarnigii 15-aad oo muujinaysa [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] oo hoggaaminaya [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] iyo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|nabiyo kale]] salaadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BnF. Département des Manuscrits. Supplément turc 190 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |access-date=7 September 2023 |archive-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909130407/https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Nabiyada (Carabi: {{langx|ar|أنبياء|label=none|translit=anbiyāʾ}}) waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay doorteen Ilaahay si ay u wacdhiyaan fariin ilaahi ah. Qaar ka mid ah nabiyadan ayaa sidoo kale keena kitaab cusub waxaana loogu yeeraa &quot;rasuul&quot; ({{langx|ar| رسول&amp;lrm;|label=none|translit=rasūl}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=225}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in nabiyadu ay yihiin bini'aadam oo aan ahayn ilaahyo. Dhammaan nabiyadu waxaa la sheegaa inay wacdiyiyeen fariintii asaasiga ahayd ee Islaamka - u dhiibashada doonista Ilaahay - oo ay u direen quruumihii hore, tan ayaana la sheegay inay sabab u tahay isku mid ahaanshaha badan ee u dhexeeya diimaha. Quraanku wuxuu sheegayaa magacyada tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaadka loo tixgeliyo [[prophets in Islam|nabiyada Islaamka]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[David in Islam|Daa'uud]] iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], iyo kuwo kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schimmel&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |title=Islam |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504201633/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295507/Islam |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reeves |first=J. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |title=Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in scriptural intertextuality |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=90-04-12726-7 |location=[[Leiden]] |page=177 |access-date=21 August 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sheekooyinka la xiriira nabiyada ee ka baxsan xisaabaadka Quraanka waxaa lagu ururiyaa oo lagu baaraa ''[[Qisas Al-Anbiya|Qisas al-Anbiya]]'' (Sheekooyinka Nabiyada).

Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in Ilaahay uu soo diray Maxamed inuu noqdo nabiga ugu dambeeya (&quot;[[Seal of the prophets|khaatumul anbiyo]]&quot;) si uu u gaarsiiyo fariinta dhameystiran ee Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Esposito-Islam&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Esposito |first=John L. |author-link=John Esposito |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Islam |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110124812/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |quote=Profession of Faith...affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of Allah, the last and final prophet. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters-Allah&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Peters |first=F. E. |author-link=Francis Edward Peters |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Allāh |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926053837/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |quote=[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.' |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka dhexdiisa, tusaalaha &quot;caadiga ah&quot; ee nolosha Maxamed waxaa lagu magacaabaa ''[[sunnah]]'' (oo macneheedu yahay &quot;jidka la maray&quot;). Muslimiinta waxaa lagu dhiirrigelinayaa inay ku daydaan dabeecadaha akhlaaqda ee Maxamed noloshooda maalinlaha ah, sunnadana waxaa loo arkaa mid muhiim u ah hagidda tafsiirka Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Martin|2004|p=666}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Hadith|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=J. Robson}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Sunna|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=D.W. Brown}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Goldman |first=Elizabeth |title=Believers: Spiritual Leaders of the World |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-508240-1 |location=Oxford |page=63}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tusaalahan waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa dhaqamo loo yaqaan xadiis, oo ah xisaabaadka erayadiisa, ficilladiisa, iyo sifooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed. [[Hadith qudsi|Xadiiska Qudsi]] waa qayb hoose oo ka tirsan xadiiska, oo loo arko inuu yahay erayada dhabta ah ee Ilaahay ee uu soo xigtay Maxamed oo aan ahayn qayb ka tirsan Quraanka. Xadiisku wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba shay: silsiladda sheekeeyayaasha, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies#Traditional importance of the sanad|''sanad'']], iyo ereyada dhabta ah, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies|''matn'']]. Waxaa jira habab kala duwan oo lagu kala saaro xaqiiqda xadiisyada, iyadoo cabbirka darajada ee badanaa la isticmaalo uu yahay &quot;saxiix&quot; ama &quot;sax ah&quot; ({{langx|ar|صحيح|links=no|translit=[[Authentic hadith|ṣaḥīḥ]]|label=none}}); &quot;xasan&quot; ({{langx|ar|حسن|links=no|label=none|translit=[[Hasan (hadith)|ḥasan]]}}); ama &quot;daciif&quot; ({{langx|ar|ضعيف|label=none|translit=[[Da'if|ḍaʻīf]]}}), iyo kuwo kale. [[Kutub al-Sittah]] waa ururinta lix kitaab, oo loo arko inay yihiin warbixinnada ugu suuban ee [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]]. Waxaa ka mid ah [[Sahih al-Bukhari]], oo ay Sunnidu badanaa u arkaan mid ka mid ah [[Hadith terminology#Terminology relating to the authenticity of a hadith|ilaha ugu suuban]] ka dib Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;[[Aisha Abd al-Rahman|al-Rahman, Aisha Abd]], ed. 1990. [[Introduction to the Science of Hadith|Muqaddimah Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ]]. Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1990. pp. 160–69&lt;/ref&gt; Il kale oo caan ka ah xadiisyada waa [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]], oo ay Shiicadu u arkaan tixraaca xadiiska ee ugu suuban.&lt;ref name=&quot;Awliyai-Four-Books&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Awliya'i |first=Mustafa |title=Outlines of the Development of the Science of Hadith |volume=1 |chapter=The Four Books |url=https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144702/https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-date=2017-09-12 |translator-last=Qara'i |translator-first=A. Q. |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rizvi-Four-Books&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Rizvi |first=Sayyid Sa'eed Akhtar |author-link=Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi |title=The Qur'an and Hadith |location=Tanzania |publisher=Bilal Muslim Mission |chapter=The Hadith §The Four Books (Al-Kutubu'l-Arb'ah) |url=https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912191319/https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-date=2017-09-12 |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Soo-noqoshada iyo xukunka ===
[[File:Chester Beatty T 414 fol 129r Muhammad al-Mehdi.png|thumb|Matxaf qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Maxamed al-Mahdi]]. [[Mahdi|Mahdiga]] waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu soo muuqan doono ka hor [[Eschatology|Waqtiga Dhamaadka]] si uu u soo celiyo cadaaladda oo uu uga adkaado dulmiga iyadoo la kaashanaya [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] ([[Jesus]]).]]
{{Main|Islamic eschatology}}

Rumaysashada &quot;Maalinta Qiyaame&quot; ama ''[[Qiyamah|Yawm al-Qiyāmah]]'' ({{langx|ar|يوم القيامة|link=no}}) ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ah Muslimiinta. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in waqtiga Qiyaamaha uu hore u qadaray Ilaahay, laakiin uusan aqoon bini'aadamku. Quraanka iyo xadiiska, iyo sidoo kale faallooyinka [[Ulama|culimada]], waxay qeexayaan imtixaannada iyo [[Great Tribulation|dhibaatooyinka]] ka horreeya iyo inta uu socdo Qiyaamaha. Quraanka wuxuu xoogga saarayaa [[universal resurrection|soo-noqoshada jirka]], taasoo ah mid ka duwan fahamkii [[pre-Islamic Arabia|Carabtii hore]] ee dhimashada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Glassé|2003|loc=&quot;Resurrection&quot;|pp=382–383}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012|loc=&quot;Avicenna&quot;}}. {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_DUM_0467}}: &quot;Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Sīnā is known in the West as 'Avicenna'.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Qiyama |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Gardet, L.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maalinta Qiyaame, Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in dhammaan bini'aadamka lagu xukumi doono falalkooda wanaagsan iyo kuwa xun waxaana loo gudbin doonaa [[Jannah|Janno]] ama [[Jahannam|Naar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |editor-link=John Esposito |title=Eschatology |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |via=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |access-date=18 April 2017 |archive-date=13 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913062714/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu ku jira [[Surat al-Zalzalah]] wuxuu tan ku sifeeyaa: &quot;Haddaba qofkii sameeya culays atoore oo wanaag ah wuu arki doonaa. Qofkii se sameeya culays atoore oo xumaan ah wuu arki doonaa.&quot; Quraanku [[Islamic views of sin|wuxuu qorayaa dunuub badan]] oo qof ku xukumi kara naar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Quraanku wuxuu caddeynayaa in Ilaahay uu cafiyi doono dunuubta kuwa toobad keena haddii uu doono. Falalka wanaagsan, sida sadaqada, salaadda, iyo naxariista xayawaannada{{sfnp|Esposito|2011|p=130}} waxaa lagu abaalmarin doonaa gelitaanka jannada. Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan jannada meel ay ka buuxaan farxad iyo barako, iyadoo tixraacyada Quraanku ay qeexayaan sifooyinkeeda. Dhaqamada suufiga ah ee Islaamka waxay dhigayaan raaxooyinkan jannada xiriir la leh wacyigelin xamaasad leh oo ku saabsan Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Smith|2006|p=89}}; ''Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World'', p. 565&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Garden |first=Asma |last=Afsaruddin |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Paradise|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Yawm al-Qiyāmah'' sidoo kale waxaa Quraanka loogu aqoonsaday ''Yawm ad-Dīn'' ({{lang|ar|يوم الدين}} &quot;Maalinta Diinta&quot;);&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|1|4|b=y}};&lt;/ref&gt; ''as-Sāʿah'' ({{lang|ar|الساعة}} &quot;Saacadda Dambe&quot;);&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|6|31|b=y}};&lt;/ref&gt; iyo ''[[Al-Qaria|al-Qāriʿah]]'' ({{lang|ar|القارعة}} &quot;Qaylisaada&quot;).&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|101|1|b=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qadarka ===
{{Main|Predestination in Islam}}

Qaar ka mid ah Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin qadarka ilaahay, ({{langx|ar|القضاء والقدر}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-qadāʾ wa l-qadar}}'') in arrin kasta uu qaddaray Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |date=2002 |title=Andras Rajki's A. E. D. (Arabic Etymological Dictionary) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208204654/http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |archive-date=8 December 2011 |access-date=13 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Cohen-Mor|2001|p=4}}: &quot;The idea of predestination is reinforced by the frequent mention of events 'being written' or 'being in a book' before they happen&quot;: Say: &quot;Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Karamustafa |first=Ahmet T. |c=Fate |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}: The verb ''qadara'' literally means &quot;to measure, to determine&quot;. Here it is used to mean that &quot;God measures and orders his creation&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Gardet|first=L.|year=2012|c=al-Ḳaḍāʾ Wa 'l-Ḳadar |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0407}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mu'tazilism|Mu'tasiladu]] iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada Muslimiinta ah ma rumeysna fikraddan.&lt;ref&gt;[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.131-2&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.132&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Need of Religion'', by Sayyid [[Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi]], p. 14.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Muslims'', by S. H. M. Rizvi, Shibani Roy, B. B. Dutta, p. 20.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Shirazi |first1=Naser Makarem |title=The Justice of God |publisher=Al-Islam.org |url=https://www.al-islam.org/justice-god-naser-makarem-shirazi/issue-predestination-and-free-will |access-date=14 June 2022 |chapter=The Issue of Predestination and Free Will|date=12 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures'', by Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; Badanaa, rumaysashadan masiirka ilaahay waxaa lagu muujiyaa erayga ''[[Inshallah]]'', ({{langx|ar|إن شاء الله}}, {{transliteration|ar|haddii Alle jiro}}) marka laga hadlayo dhacdooyinka mustaqbalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muslim beliefs – Al-Qadr |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |access-date=13 November 2020 |publisher=BBC |work=Bitesize – GCSE – Edexcel |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115112558/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ficilada cibaadada ==
{{Main|Five Pillars of Islam|Ibadah}}

Waxaa jira shan ficil oo cibaado ah oo loo arko inay yihiin [[fard|waajibaad]]–Shahaadada, salaadaha shanta ah ee maalinlaha ah, [[Zakat|sakada]], [[fasting during Ramadan|soonta bisha Ramadaan]], iyo xajka [[Hajj|Hajka]]—oo si wadajir ah loogu yaqaano &quot;Tiirarka Islaamka&quot; (''Arkān al-Islām''). Intaa waxaa dheer, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale sameeyaan ficilo kale oo ikhtiyaari ah oo dhiirrigel leh laakiin aan loo arkin inay yihiin waajibaad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=ZAROUG|first=ABDULLAHI HASSAN|date=1985|title=THE CONCEPT OF PERMISSION, SUPEREROGATORY ACTS AND ASETICISM &amp;#91;sic&amp;#93; IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=167–180|jstor=20847307|issn=0578-8072|access-date=7 January 2023|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207140013/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shahaadada ===
[[File:Silver Rupee Akbar.jpg|thumb|right|Lacag qalinkii qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Akbar|Akbarkii Weyn]], Boqorkii [[Mughal Empire|Mugalka]], [[India]], oo lagu qoray [[Shahada|Shahaadada]].]]
{{Main|Shahada}}

[[shahada]]h{{sfnp|Nasr|2003|pp=3, 39, 85, 270–272}} waa [[oath|dhaar]] lagu caddaynayo rumaysashada Islaamka. Qoraalka la ballaariyay waa &quot;{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ʾašhadu ʾal-lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh}}&quot; ({{langx|ar|أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله|label=none}}), ama, &quot;Waxaan qirayaa inuusan jirin [[deity|ilaah]] aan ahayn [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] waxaanuna qirayaa in Maxamed yahay rasuulkii Ilaahay.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohammad-1985&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mohammad |first=Noor |date=1985 |title=The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-law-and-religion_1985_3_2/page/381 |journal=[[Journal of Law and Religion]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=381–397 |doi=10.2307/1051034 |jstor=1051034 |publisher=Journal of Law and Religion, Inc. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu doodaa inuu leeyahay caqiido aad u fudud iyadoo shahaadadu ay tahay saldhigga diinta ka hartay. Aan-Muslimiinta raba inay [[Conversion to Islam|soo islaamaan]] waxaa looga baahan yahay inay ku dhawaaqaan shahaadada hortooda markhaatiyaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Kasim |first=Husain |year=2004 |c=Islam |pp=195–197 |in=Salamone}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Galonnier-2021&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Galonnier |first=Juliette |editor-last=van Nieuwkerk |editor-first=Karin |title=Moving In and Out of Islam |chapter=Moving In or Moving Toward? Reconceptualizing Conversion to Islam as a Liminal Process |location=New York |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2021 |pages=44–66 |doi=10.7560/317471-003 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023001/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Salaadda ===
[[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|thumb|[[Muslims|Muslimiin]] tukanaya ([[salah]]) gudaha [[Egypt]] waxaa alifay [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1865.]]
{{Main|Salah}}

{{See also|Mosque|Jumu'ah}}
Salaadda Islaamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[salah|as-salaad]] ({{langx|ar|الصلاة|link=no}}), ama erayga [[Persian language|Faarisiga]] ee ah &quot;Namaz.&quot; Waxaa loo arkaa xiriir shakhsi ah oo lala leeyahay Ilaahay, waxayna ka kooban tahay ku celcelinta qaybo la yiraahdo [[rakat|rakco]] oo ay ku jiraan [[Ruku|rukooc]] iyo [[Sujud|sujuud]] loo sujuudayo Ilaahay. Waxaa jira shan salaadood oo la cayimay maalintii oo dhan kuwaas oo loo arko waajibaad. Salaadaha waxaa lagu akhriyaa luqadda Carabiga waxaana lagu fuliyaa [[Qibla|dhanka]] [[Kaaba|Kacbada]]. Ficilku sidoo kale wuxuu u baahan yahay xaalad nadiif ah oo diimeed oo lagu gaaro hababka [[wudu|weysada]] ama, xaaladaha qaarkood, qubays buuxa oo [[ghusl|qubays ah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=18, 19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Hedayetullah|2006|pp=53–55}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Kobeisy|2004|pp=22–34}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Momen|1987|p=178}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[mosque|Masaajidka]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano masjid ama namazgah, waa [[places of worship|goob cibaado]] oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Inkasta oo ujeeddada ugu weyn ee masaajidku ay tahay inuu u adeego meel salaadeed, sidoo kale waa xarun bulsho oo muhiim u ah [[ummah|bulshada Muslimka ah]]. Tusaale ahaan, [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], wuxuu sidoo kale u adeegi jiray hoy ay degaan dadka saboolka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mattson |first=Ingrid |year=2006 |title=Women, Islam, and Mosques |pages=615–629 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America |series=Volume 2, Part VII. Islam |editor1=R. S. Keller |name-list-style=and |editor2=R. R. Ruether |place=Bloomington and Indianapolis |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-34687-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&amp;pg=PA615 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&amp;pg=PA615#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Minaret|Minaarooyinku]] waa munaarooyin loo isticmaalo in lagu yeero [[adhan|aanka]], kaas oo ah yeedhid afka ah oo lagu calaamadinayo waqtiga salaadda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen-Masjid-2010&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Pedersen |first1=Johannes |last2=Hillenbrand |first2=Robert |last3=Burton-Page |first3=John |author-link3=John Burton-Page |title=Masd̲j̲id |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2010 |doi=10.1163/9789004206106_eifo_COM_0694 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |title=Mosque |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928065350/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sakada ===
[[File:Slot at the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II 1.jpg|thumb|Meel lagu bixiyo sakada oo ku taal [[Zawiya of Moulay Idris II]] ee [[Fez, Morocco]].]]
{{Main|Zakat}}

{{See also|Sadaqah}}
[[Zakat|Sakada]] ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|زكاة|translit=zakāh|label=none}}), waa nooc ka mid ah [[Alms|Sadaqada]] oo lagu garto bixinta qayb go'an (2.5% sanadkii)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmed-Gianci-2005&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Ahmed |first1=Medani |last2=Gianci |first2=Sebastian |title=Zakat |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy |editor1-last=Cordes |editor1-first=Joseph J. |editor2-last=Ebel |editor2-first=Robert D. |editor3-last=Gravelle |editor3-first=Jane |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Urban Institute Press |year=2005 |page=479 |isbn=978-0877667520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m66_BgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA479 |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ee [[Financial capital|hantida la ururiyay]] ay bixiyaan kuwa awoodda u leh si ay u caawiyaan dadka saboolka ah ama baahan, sida xoraynta maxaabiista, kuwa [[bonded labor|dayn ku jira]], ama safarka ku ah, iyo kuwa loo shaqaaleysiiyo ururinta sakada. Waxay u shaqaysaa sidii nooc ka mid ah [[welfare spending|gar-gaar bulsheed]] oo ka jira bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ariff |first=Mohamed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&amp;pg=PA55 |title=The Islamic Voluntary Sector in Southeast Asia: Islam and the Economic Development of Southeast Asia |publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] |year=1991 |isbn=978-981-3016-07-1 |pages=55– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023007/https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&amp;&amp;pg=PA55 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad diimeed oo ay dadka ladani ku leeyihiin kuwa baahan sababtoo ah hantidooda waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timid nimcada Ilaahay,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2010|p=109–110}}: This is not regarded as charity because it is not really voluntary but instead is owed, by those who have received their wealth as a trust from God's bounty, to the poor.&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana loo arkaa daahirinta hantida dheeraadka ah ee qofka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = RoutledgeCurzon| isbn = 9780415297967| title =Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present.| location = United Kingdom| year = 2003| last=Ridgeon| first=Lloyd| url = | page = 258|quote=Aside from its function of purifying believers' wealth, the payment of zakat may have contributed in no small way to the economic welfare of the Muslim community in Mecca.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadarta guud ee sanadlaha ah ee lagu bixiyo sakada ayaa ah 15 jeer ka badan deeqaha gargaarka bini'aadamnimada ee adduunka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo qiyaaso taxaddar leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 June 2012 |title=A faith-based aid revolution in the Muslim world |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114014900/https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sadaqah|Sadaqadu]], si ka duwan Sakada, waa sadaqo ikhtiyaari ah oo aad loo dhiirrigeliyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Said |first=Abdul Aziz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&amp;pg=PA145 |title=Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static |publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-77011-8 |page=145 |display-authors=etal |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023121/https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&amp;pg=PA145 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/72 72]}} [[Waqf|Waaqfeku]] waa [[charitable trust|kalsooni samafal]] oo joogto ah, taas oo maalgelisa isbitaallada iyo dugsiyada bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=A. |title=Equity and Trusts |year=2003 |edition=3rd |page=32 |location=London |publisher=Cavendish Publishing |isbn=1-85941-729-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Soonta ===
[[File:Iftar for Ramadhan.jpg|thumb|Munaasabadda afurka, oo loo yaqaan ''[[Iftar]]'', waxaa dhaqan ahaan lagu bixiyaa [[date (fruits)|timir]].]]
{{Main|Fasting in Islam}}

{{See also|Fasting during Ramadan}}
Islaamka dhexdiisa, soonta ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|صوم|translit=ṣawm|label=none}}) waxay mamnuucaysaa cuntada iyo cabitaanka, iyo sidoo kale noocyada kale ee isticmaalka, sida [[Smoking in Islam|sigaar-cabista]], waxaana la fuliyaa laga bilaabo waaberiga ilaa qorrax-dhaca. Inta lagu jiro bisha [[Ramadan]], waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad saaran Muslimiinta inay soomaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ramadan |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009215438/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Soontu waxay dhiirrigelisaa dareen u dhowaanshaha Ilaahay iyadoo qofku is celinayo dartii Ilaahay wixii kale ee bannaan iyo in laga fikiro kuwa baahan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira maalmo kale, sida [[Day of Arafah|Maalinta Carafo]], marka soontu ay tahay ikhtiyaari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher =Tughra Books | isbn = 9781597846110| title = Fasting In Islam And The Month Of Ramadan| location = United States| year =2006 | last=Ramadanali| url = |page=51
| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xajka ===
{{Main|Hajj|Umrah}}

{{See also|Holiest sites in Islam}}
[[File:A packed house - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Xujeyda intii lagu jiray xilli [[Hajj|Hajka]] ee [[Masjid al-Haram]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Saudi Arabia|Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]].]]

[[pilgrimage|Xajka]] Islaamka, ee loo yaqaan {{transliteration|ar|ALA|ḥajj}} ({{langx|ar|حج|link=no}}), waa in la qabtaa ugu yaraan hal mar nolosha qof kasta oo Muslim ah oo awood u leh inta lagu jiro [[Islamic calendar|bisha Islaamka]] ee [[Dhu al-Hijjah]]. Caadooyinka Hajku waxay inta badan ku daydaan sheekada qoyska [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Dr Zakir |author-link=Zakir Naik |date=7 January 2025 |title=What Are the Pillars of Islam? |url=https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115054332/https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-date=2025-11-15 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Islampidia |language=en-AU}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Five Pillars of Islam |url=https://localhost:5000/learn/educators/curriculum-resources/art-of-the-islamic-world/unit-one/the-five-pillars-of-islam |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mecca|Makka]], xujeydu waxay toddobo jeer ku wareegaan [[Kaaba|Kacbada]], oo ay Muslimiintu rumeysan yihiin inuu dhisay Ibraahim meel cibaado ah, waxayna toddobo jeer u dhexeeyaan buuraha [[Safa and Marwa|Safa iyo Marwa]], iyagoo xusuusanaya tallaabooyinkii xaaska Ibraahim, [[Hagar]], oo u raadinaysay biyo ilmahaheedii [[Ishmael in Islam|Ismaaciil]] ee lamadegaanka ka hor intaan Makka is rogay degmo.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Goldschmidt|Davidson|2005|p=48}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Farah|1994|pp=145–147}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Hajj |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xajku sidoo kale wuxuu ku lug leeyahay in la qaato maalin duco iyo cibaado ah oo ka dhacda bannaanada [[Mount Arafat|Carafo]] iyo sidoo kale [[Stoning_of_the_Devil|tuurista shaydaanka]] si calaamadaysan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F.E. |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |date=2009 |isbn=978-1-4008-2548-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&amp;pg=PA19 |page=20 |publisher=Princeton University Press |access-date=7 October 2014 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023112/https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&amp;pg=PA19#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhammaan ragga Muslimiinta ah waxay xidhaan laba maro oo cad oo fudud oo aan tol lahayn oo loo yaqaan [[Ihram clothing|ixraam]], kuwaas oo loogu talagalay inay keenaan isku xirnaan jiilal iyo sinnaan ka dhexaysa xujeyda inkasta oo ay jiraan fasal ama asal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Cornell |first=Vincent J. |title=Voices of Islam: Voices of tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5LNUS0ciAAC&amp;pg=PA29 |access-date=26 August 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-98733-6 |page=29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Glassé|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&amp;pg=PA207 207]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nooc kale oo xaj ah, [[Umrah|Umrada]], waa ikhtiyaari waxaana la qaban karaa wakhti kasta oo sanadka ka mid ah. Goobaha kale ee xajka Islaamka waa [[Medina|Madiina]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ku geeriyooday, iyo sidoo kale [[Jerusalem|Quddus]], oo ah magaalo ay ku yaalliin nabiyo badan oo Islaam ah waana goobta [[Al-Aqsa|Al-Aqsa]], taas oo ahayd jihadii salaadda ka hor Makka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|title=The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades|publisher=Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University|year=1986|isbn=0918720583|editor1=Goss, V. P.|volume=21|page=208|editor2=Bornstein, C. V.|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023032/https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Trofimov-2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |author-link=Yaroslav Trofimov |title=The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine |location=New York |publisher=[[Knopf]] |date=2008 |page=79 |isbn=978-0-307-47290-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ficilada cibaadada ee kale ===
{{See also|Quran#Recitation|Dua|Dhikr}}
[[File:Men reading the Koran in Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria.jpg|thumb|Rag Muslimiin ah oo akhrinaya Quraanka gudaha [[Umayyad Mosque|Masjidka Umawiyiinta]] ee [[Damascus]], [[Syria]].]]
Muslimiintu waxay akhriyaan oo xifdiyaan Quraanka oo dhan ama qaybo ka mid ah si ay u noqdaan camal wanaagsan. [[Tajwid|Tajwiidku]] wuxuu tilmaamayaa xeerar taxane ah oo loogu talagalay [[elocution|akhriska saxda ah]] ee Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = | isbn = | title = Foundation of Tajweed| location = | year = 2013|edition=2| last=Aboo Yahyaa| url = | page = 1
| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslimiin badan ayaa akhriya Quraanka oo dhan inta lagu jiro bisha Ramadaan.{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/42 42–43]}} 

Qofka xifdiyay Quraanka oo dhan waxaa loo yaqaanaa Xaafid (&quot;xifdiyey&quot;), xadiisyaduna waxay xusayaan in shakhsiyaadkani ay awood u yeelan doonaan inay shafeecaan dadka kale Maalinta Qiyaamaha.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=my7hnALd_NkC|page=70}} 70]}} Baryada Ilaahay, oo Carabiga lagu yiraahdo {{Transliteration|ar|DIN|duʿāʾ}} ({{langx|ar|دعاء}}&amp;nbsp;{{IPA|ar|dʊˈʕæːʔ|IPA}}) waxay leedahay anshaxeedii gaarka ahaa sida [[Raising hands in dua|gacmaha oo la taago]] sidii iyadoo la baryayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Brill| isbn = 9789004335523| title = The Quṣṣāṣ of Early Islam| location = Netherlands| year = 2016| last=Armstrong| first=Lyall| url = | page = 184| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xuska Ilaahay ({{langx|ar|ذكر|translit=Dhikr'|label=none}}) wuxuu tilmaamayaa erayada lagu celceliyo ee tixraacaya Ilaahay. Sida caadiga ah, tan waxaa ka mid ah Tahmiid, oo lagu dhawaaqayo [[Alhamdulillah|ammaan oo dhan waxaa leh Ilaahay]] ({{langx|ar|الحمد لله|translit=al-Ḥamdu lillāh|label=none}}) inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la dareemayo mahadnaq, [[Tasbih|Tasbiix]], oo lagu dhawaaqayo weyneynta Ilaahay inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la cajabo shay oo la dhaho '[[Basmala|bismillaah]]' ka hor intaan la bilaabin ficil sida cuntada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=alhamdulillah |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227042540/https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 27, 2020|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Lexico}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==
{{Main|Taariikhda Islaamka}}

{{For timeline|Timeline of the history of Islam}}
{{See also|List of Muslim empires and dynasties}}{{multiple image
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| footer            = Bidix: [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], Sacuudi Carabiya, waa [[holiest sites in islam|goobta labaad ee ugu barakeysan]] ee Islaamka. Maxamed laftiisa ayaa ku lug lahaa dhismaha masjidka, iyo [[Green Dome|Qubbadiisa Cagaaran]] waa halka lagu aasay. Midig: [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]] waa goobta saddexaad ee ugu barakeysan ee Islaamka, halkaas oo Maxamed uu uga kacay samada intii uu socday [[Isra' and Mi'raj|Isra' iyo Mi'raaj]]. Goobtu waxay ahayd jihadii hore ee salaadda ([[qibla]]), halkaas oo Muslimiintu ay horay ugu tukan jireen ka hor intaan jihada loo beddelin [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]] ka dib waxyi soo gaaray Maxamed.
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=== Maxamed iyo bilowgii Islaamka (570–632) ===
{{Main|Muhammad|Muhammad in Islam}}

{{for timeline|Timeline of early Islamic history}}
{{Further|Muhammad in Mecca|Early social changes under Islam|First Islamic state}}
[[File:Hira_Cave.jpg|thumb|[[Jabal al-Nour]] u dhow [[Mecca|Makka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ka helay [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] ee ku jiray godka Xira.]]
Sida ku xusan dhaqanka Islaamka, Maxamed wuxuu ku dhashay [[Mecca|Makka]] sannadkii 570 [[Common Era|C.D.]] wuxuuna noqday agoon caruurnimadiisii. Isagoo ku koray ganacsade ahaan, wuxuu noqday mid loo yaqaan &quot;[[Amin (name)|amin (mid la isku halayn karo)]]&quot; ({{langx|ar|الامين}}) waxaana la doonayay inuu noqdo garsoore dhexdhexaad ah. Intuu ka dib guursaday shaqaalihiisii, haweeneydii ganacsatada ahayd ee [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadiija]].{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=6}} Sannadkii 610 C.D., isagoo dhibsaday hoos u dhaca akhlaaqda iyo shirkiga ka jiray Makka isla markaana raadinaya gooni-isu-taag iyo fikir ruuxi ah, Maxamed wuxuu u baxay Godka Xira ee buurta [[Jabal al-Nour]], oo u dhow Makka. Wuxuu ahaa intii uu ku sugnaa godka halkaas oo la sheegay inuu [[Muhammad's first revelation|helay waxyigii ugu horreeyay]] ee [[Quran|Quraanka]] oo uga yimid malaa'igta [[Gabriel|Jibriil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot; /&gt; Dhacdadii bixitaankii Maxamed ee godka iyo waxyigii xigay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Night of Power|Leylatul Qadr]] waxaana loo arkaa dhacdo muhiim ah taariikhda Islaamka. Intii lagu guda jiray 22-kii sano ee ka dambeeyay nolosha, laga bilaabo da'da 40 wixii ka dambeeyay, Maxamed wuxuu sii waday helitaanka waxyiga Ilaahay, isagoo noqday kii ugu dambeeyay ama [[Seal of the prophets|nabigii ugu dambeeyay]] ee loo diray bini'aadamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Muhammad |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg|thumb|Maxamed oo la muujiyay waji daboolan oo jooga [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] laga soo qaatay [[Siyer-i Nebi]], {{Circa|1595}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ottomans : religious painting |url=http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/ottoman33.html |access-date=1 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Inta lagu jiro xilligan, [[Muhammad in Mecca|halka uu joogay Makka, Maxamed]] wuxuu ku wacdiyay marka hore si qarsoodi ah ka dibna si cad, isagoo ka baryaya dhegaystayaashiisa inay ka tagaan [[Arab polytheism|shirkiga]] oo ay caabudaan hal Ilaah. Qaar ka mid ah [[Early Muslims|Muslimiintii ugu horreysay ee soo islaamtay]] waxay ahaayeen dumar, saboolka, ajaanibta, iyo addoommada sida mu'adinkii ugu horreeyay [[Bilal ibn Rabah|Bilaal bin Rabaax]].&lt;ref&gt;Rabah, Bilal B. ''[[Encyclopedia of Islam]].''&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka waaweyn ee Makka waxay dareemeen in Maxamed uu [[Early social changes under Islam|khalday nidaamkooda bulsho]] isagoo ka wacdiyaya hal Ilaah oo siinaya fikrado laga shakiyo saboolka iyo addoommada sababtoo ah waxay faa'iida ka helayeen xajka sanamyada Kacbada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ünal |first=Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&amp;pg=PA1323 |title=The Qurʼan with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English |publisher=Tughra Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-59784-000-2 |pages=1323– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024048/https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&amp;pg=PA1323#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|p=36}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka dib 12 sano oo ah [[Persecution of Muslims by Meccans|dhibaataynta Muslimiinta ay u geysanayeen dadkii Makka]], Maxamed iyo [[Companions of the Prophet|sahabbadiisii]] waxay sameeyeen [[Hegira|Hijradii]] 622 ee magaalada Yathrib (magaalada Madiina ee maanta). Wuxuu halkaas ka Aasaasay [[First Islamic state|Dowladdii Islaamiga ahayd ee ugu horreysay]] oo ay la socdaan Muslimiintii Madiina (''[[Ansar (Islam)|Ansaarta]]'') iyo muhaajiriintii Makka (''[[Muhajirun|Muhaajiriinta]]''). [[Constitution of Medina|Dastuurkii Madiina]] waxaa saxiixay dhammaan qabiilooyinkii Madiina. Tani waxay aasaastay xorriyadda diinta iyo xorriyadda isticmaalka sharcigooda u gaarka ah ee ka dhex jiray bulshooyinka Muslimka ah iyo kuwa aan Muslimka ahayn hammi ah in Madiina laga difaaco khataraha dibadda.{{sfnp|Serjeant|1978|p=4}} Ciidamadii Makka iyo xulafadoodii waxay guuldarro ka soo gaartay Muslimiinta [[Battle of Badr|Dagaalkii Badar]] 624 ka dibna waxay dagaalameen dagaal aan la isla ogayn oo ka dhacay [[Battle of Uhud|Dagaalkii Uxud]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Peter Crawford |title=The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83 |page=83 |publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Books Limited |isbn=9781473828650 |date=2013-07-16 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023957/https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83 |url-status=live }}.&lt;/ref&gt; ka hor intaanay ku guuldarraysan inay hareereeyaan Madiina [[Battle of the Trench|Dagaalkii Khandaq]] (Maarso–Abriil 627). Sannadkii 628, [[Treaty of al-Hudaybiya|Heshiiskii Xudeybiya]] ayaa la kala saxiixday Makka iyo Muslimiinta, laakiin waxaajabiyay Makka laba sano ka dib. Markii qabiilo badan ay islaameen, jidadkii ganacsiga ee Makka waxaa gooyay Muslimiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|pp=78–79, 194}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|pp=23–28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markaatay ahayd 629 Maxamed wuxuu ku guuleystay [[conquest of Mecca|furashadii Makka]] ee aan dhiiggu ku daadan, iyo waqtigii uu geeriyooday 632 (da'da 62) wuxuu midaysiiyay qabiilooyinkii Carabta]] hal qaran oo diimeed.

=== Islaamkii Hore (632–750) ===
{{Further|Succession to Muhammad|Early Muslim conquests}}
{{See also|Ghadir Khumm|Saqifa|Canonization of Islamic scripture}}
[[File:Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg|thumb|Expansion of the Caliphate{{legend|#a1584e|Muhammad, 622–632}}{{legend|#ef9070|Khulafo Al-Raashidiin, 632–661}}{{legend|#fad07d|Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750}}]]
Nabi Maxamed wuxuu geeriyooday sanadkii 632 waxaana khulafadii ugu horreysay ee loo yaqaan Khulafo – Abu Bakr, Cumar, Cuthmaan, Cali iyo marmar Xasan bin Cali&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| last1 = Melchert| first1 = Christopher| date = 2020| contribution = The Rightly Guided Caliphs: The Range of Views Preserved in Ḥadīth| editor1-last = al-Sarhan| editor1-first = Saud| title = Political Quietism in Islam: Sunni and Shi'i Practice and Thought| location = London and New York| publisher = I.B. Tauris| isbn = 978-1-83860-765-4| pages = 70–71| contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=96TDDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA63| access-date = 17 February 2022| url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt; – looga yaqaan Islaamka Sunniga ah ''al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn'' (&quot;Khulafadii Hagaysa&quot;).{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=40}} Qaar kamid ah qabiilooyinka ayaa Islaamka ka tagay oo ka inkiiray madax sheegtay in ay yihiin nebiyo cusub balse Abu Bakr wuxuu ku jebiyey dagaalladii Riddada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Hourani|2002|p=22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Madelung|1996|p=43}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Ṭabāṭabāʼī|1979|pp=30–50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee Yuhuudda iyo Nasaarada asaliga ah, ee loo haystay dad laga tirada badan yahay oo diinaysan loona culeysiyay canshuuraha, ayaa inta badan ka caawiyey Muslimiinta inay qabsadaan dhulkooda,{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=38}} taasoo keentay in khilaafaddu ay si degdeg ah ugu ballaarato boqortooyooyinkii Saasaniyiinta iyo Biisantiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=J. Kuiper |first=Matthew |title=Da'wa: A Global History of Islamic Missionary Thought and Practice |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9781351510721 |page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira M. |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-521-51430-9 |pages=60–61 |author-link=Ira M. Lapidus}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuthmaan waxaa la doortay 644 waxaana dilkiisii uu kiciyey in Cali loo doorto Khaliifkii xigay. Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Koowaad, xaaskii Nebiga, Caashaa, waxay soo saartay ciidan ka soo horjeeda Cali, iyada oo isku dayaysa inay u aarto dhimashadii Cuthmaan, balse waa lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Geela. Cali wuxuu isku dayay inuu xilka ka qaado guddoomiyihii Suuriya, Mucaawiya, kaas oo loo arkayay musuqmaasuq. Mucaawiya ayaa markaas dagaal ku dhawaaqay Cali waana lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Sifeyn. Go'aanka Cali ee ahaa inuu dhex-dhexaadin sameeyo ayaa ka caraysiiyey Khawaarijta, oo ahayd koox xagjir ah, kuwaas oo qabay in aan la dagaallamin qof dembiile ah awgeed, Cali uu isna noqday dembiile. Khawaarijtu way caasiyoobeen waxaana lagu jebiyey Dagaalkii Nahrawan balse nin Khawaariji ah ayaa gadaal ka dilay Cali. Wiilkiii Cali, Xasan bin Cali, ayaa loo doortay Khaliif wuxuuna saxiixay heshiis nabadeed si looga fogaado dagaal kale, isaga oo xilka uga degay Mucaawiya si uusan Mucaawiya u soo magacaabin qof beddela.{{sfnp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=67–72}}
[[File:Almuñécar, statue of Abd al-Rahman I.jpg|thumb|Taallo ay leedahay Cabduraxmaan I oo ku taal Almuñécar, Isbayn. Islaamku wuxuu gaaray Galbeedka Yurub 711 AD, markii Ṭariiq bin Siyaad uu galay Jasiiradda Iberia. Sanadkii 756, Cabduraxmaan wuxuu aasaasay Imaaradda Cordoba, isagoo ka aasaasay dowlad Islaami ah oo madaxbannaan al-Andalus.]]
Mucaawiya wuxuu bilaabay Saldanaddii Umawiyiinta isagoo u magacaabay wiilkiisii Yaziid inay isku xigaan, taasoo dhalisay Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Labaad. Intii uu socday Dagaalkii Karbala, Xuseen bin Cali, wiilka labaad ee Cali iyo awowgii nebiga, waxaa si arxan darro ah u dilay ciidamadii Yaziid; dhacdadii waxaa sannad walba xusaa Muslimiinta Shiicada ah ilaa maanta. Sunniga, oo uu hoggaaminayo Ibn al-Zubayr oo kasoo horjeeda khilaafad dhaxal ah, ayaa lagaga adkaaday Go'doomintii Makka. Khilaafyadan hoggaanka ayaa keenay inuu dhasho khilaafka Sunni-Shiicada,{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Harney |first=John |date=3 January 2016 |title=How Do Sunni and Shia Islam Differ? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/q-and-a-how-do-sunni-and-shia-islam-differ.html |access-date=4 January 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo Shiicadu ay aaminsan tahay in hoggaanku uu leeyahay qoyskii Nebiga (Ahl al-bayt).{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}
Hoggaankii Abu Bakr wuxuu kormeeray bilowgii ururinta Qur'aanka. Khaliifkii Cumar bin Cabdicasiis wuxuu dhisay guddigii, Todobadii Fuqaha ee Madiina,{{sfnp|Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr|2012|p=505}}&lt;ref&gt;''Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz'' By Imam Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam died 214 AH 829 C.E. Publisher Zam Zam Publishers Karachi, pp. 54–59&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana Malik bin Anas uu qoray mid ka mid ah buugagii ugu horreeyay ee ku saabsan fiiqhiga Islaamka, ''Muwatta'', oo ahayd is-afgarad ku saabsan aragtida culimadaas.{{sfnp|Coulson|1964|p=103}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |editor-last1=Houtsma |editor-first1=M.T. |editor-last2=Wensinck |editor-first2=A.J. |editor-last3=Lévi-Provençal |editor-first3=E. |editor-last4=Gibb |editor-first4=H.A.R. |editor-last5=Heffening |editor-first5=W. |series=Volume V: L—Moriscos |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1993 |edition=reprint |isbn=978-90-04-09791-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va6oSxzojzoC |pages=207– |access-date=19 September 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor=Moshe Sharon |title=Studies in Islamic History and Civilization: In Honour of Professor David Ayalon |year=1986 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789652640147 |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_wUAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA264 |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Khawaarijtu waxay aaminsanaayeen in uusan jirin dhexdhexaad la tanaasuli karo oo u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo xumaanta, iyo in muslim kasta oo gala dembi weyn uu noqonayo gaal. Erayga &quot;Khawaarij&quot; waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday in lagu tilmaamo ISIS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mamouri|first=Ali|date=8 January 2015|title=Who are the Kharijites and what do they have to do with IS?|work=Al-monitor|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2015/01/islamic-state-kjarijites-continuation.html|access-date=6 March 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Murji'ah waxay barayeen in dadka toosan lagu xukumi karo Eebbe kaligii. Sidaa darteed, dembiilayaasha waxaa loo arki karaa inay marin habaabeen, laakiin aan lagu tilmaamin gaalo.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=43}} Dabeecaddan ayaa timid inay ku guulaysato caqiidada Islaamka ee ugu weyn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}}[[File:BalianofIbelin1490.jpg|thumb|Saliibiyiinta oo ku wareejinaya Qudus Muslimiinta sanadkii 1187 AD.]] Saldanaddii Umawiyiintu waxay qabsatay Maqrib, Jasiiradda Iberia, Gallia Narbonensis iyo Sindh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Donald |last=Puchala |title=Theory and History in International Relations |page=137 |publisher=Routledge |year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duullaamadii Islaamka ee hore waxaa lagu tilmaamay imperialism Islaami ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;n050&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last=Wright | first=Craig S | title=Arab Colonialism and the Roots of the Golden Age of Islam | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | date=2022 | issn=1556-5068 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.4020040 | url=https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4020040 | access-date=2026-04-24 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umawiyiintu waxay la halgamayeen l'aynaansho sharci ah waxayna ku tiirsanaayeen ciidan aad loo taageero.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=45}} Maaddaama canshuurta Jizya ay ahayd canshuur ay bixiyaan kuwa aan muslimka ahayn oo ka reebayay adeegga ciidanka, Umawiyiintu waxay diideen inay aqoonsadaan islaam-gelitaanka kuwa aan Carabta ahayn, maadaama ay yaraynaysay dakhliga.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Iyadoo Khilaafadii Raashidiintu ay adkaysay adduunyo la'aanta, iyadoo Cumar uu xitaa dalbanayo in la tiriyo hantida sarkaal kasta,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first1=Ahmad Ibn Jabir|last1=Al-Biladhuri |first2=Philip|last2=Hitti|title=Kitab Futuhu'l-Buldan|page=219 |publisher=AMS Press |year=1969}}&lt;/ref&gt; raaxada Umawiyiinta ayaa dhalisay qancin la'aan dadka diinta ku adag.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Khawaarijtu waxay hoggaamiyeen Kacdoonkii Berber, taasoo horseeday dowladaha ugu horreeya ee Islaamka oo ka madax bannaan Khilaafada. Kacdoonkii Cabbasiyiinta, kuwa aan Carabta ahayn ee soo islaamay (Mawla), qabiilooyinkii Carabta ee ay Umawiyiintu meesha ka saareen, iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada ayaa midoobay oo riday Umawiyiinta, iyaga oo bilaabay Cabbasiyiinta oo caalami ah sanadkii 750.{{sfnp|Lewis|1993|pp=71–83}}
=== Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka (786–1258) ===
{{Further|Hadith studies|Islamic philosophy}}
{{See also|Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe|Turco-Persian tradition}}
[[File:Al-Risalah_al-Dhahabiah.JPG|thumb|Bog ka mid ah Al-Risala al-Dhahabiyya ee Imam Ali al-Rida (809 AD), oo ah tii ugu qiimaha badnayd ee shaqooyinka Islaamka ee Sayniska Caafimaadka. Waxaa ku jira qaybo saynis sida Anatomiya, Histoloji, Fisioloji, Kimistari iyo Patoloji intii sayniska caafimaadku uu wali ahaa mid bilow ah.]]
Al-Shafi'i wuxuu dejiyay hab lagu xaqiijiyo isku-halaynta xadiiska.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|p=86}} Waagii hore ee Ablaasiyiinta, aqoonyahanno sida Muhammad al-Bukhari iyo Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj waxay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Ahlusunna, halka aqoonyahanno sida Al-Kulayni iyo Ibn Babawayh ay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Shiicada. Astaamaha afar-madhab ee Ahlusunna—Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki, iyo Shafi'i—waxaa lagu tiiriyay dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Abū Ḥanīfa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Malik ibn Anas iyo al-Shafi'i. Taa beddelkeeda, dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Ja'far al-Sadiq waxay dhiseen Fiqhiga Ja'fari. Qarnigii 9aad, Al-Tabari wuxuu dhameystiray qafiskii ugu horreeyay ee Tafsiirka Quraanka, Tafsir al-Tabari, oo noqday mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu xigashada badan Ahlusunna Islaamka. Doobab ka mid ah Muslinka waxay ka fekereen ka-sallamaaynta nolosha duniyeed waxayna xoogga saareen saboolnimada, is-hoosaysiinta, iyo fogaanta dambiga ee ku basada diidmada rabitaanka jidhka. Zuhuudka sida Hasan al-Basri waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaq dib u zhugnaaday tasawwuf ama Sufi.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=90, 91}}

Waqtigan, dhibaatooyinka fiqiga, gaar ahaan doorashada xorta ah, waxay ahaayeen kuwo si adag loo maareeyay, iyadoo Hasan al-Basri uu qabay in kasta oo Eebbe uu og yahay waxa dadku sameynayaan, wanaagga iyo xintu ay ka yimaadaan isticmaalka qaldan ee doorashada xorta ah iyo Ibliiska.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|pp=38-39}}{{efn|&quot;Hasan al-Basri waxaa inta badan loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah dadkii ugu horreeyay ee diaday asalka malaa'igta ee ibliiska, isagoo ku doodaya in dhicitaankiisu yahay natiijada doorashadiisa xorta ah, oo ma ahan go'aanka Eebbe. Hasan al-Basri wuxuu sidoo kale ku dooday in malaa'igtu aysan awoodin dambiga ama khaladaadka oo ay ka sharaf badan yihiin aadanaha iyo xata cabsida nabiyada. Shiicada iyo Sunnida hore waxay ka soo horjeedeen ra'yigiisa.&lt;ref&gt;Omar Hamdan ''Studien zur Kanonisierung des Korantextes: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs Beiträge zur Geschichte des Korans'' Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 2006 {{ISBN|978-3447053495}} pp. 291–292 (German)&lt;/ref&gt;}} Falsafada Caqliga Giriiga waxay dhiirrigelisay dugsi feker oo loo yaqaan Mu'tazila, oo si ka muuqata u dooday fikradda doorashada xorta ah ee uu bilaabay Wasil ibn Ata.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=50}} Khaliif al-Mamun wuxuu ka dhigay caqiido rasmi ah wuxuuna si aan guul lahayn ugu doortay inuu ku qasbo booskan dadka intiisa badan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=88}} Khaliif Al-Mu'tasim wuxuu sameeyay Mihna, iyadoo Ahmad ibn Hanbal oo ilaalinaayay dhaqanka uu si muuqata u diaday inuu waafaqo fikradda Mu'tazila ee ah in Quraanku yahay ku dhacay halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa mid weligeed ah, taas oo ka dhigtay in la jilciyo oo lagu hayo qol madow muddo ku dhow soddon bilood.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Doi |first=Abdur Rahman |title=Shariah: The Islamic Law |location=London |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-907461-38-8 |page=110}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dugsiyada kale ee Kalam—Māturīdism oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi iyo Ash'ari oo uu aasaasay Al-Ash'ari—waxay ahaayeen kuwo si ballaaran loo qaatay. Falsafadyahannada sida Al-Farabi, Avicenna iyo Averroes waxay isku deyeyeen inay waafajiyaan fikradaha Aristotle iyo fundamentiinta Islaamka, iyagoo u dhow Iskolastikada Kiristanka ee Yuubka iyo shaqada Maimonides ee Yuhuudda, halka kuwo kale sida Al-Ghazali ay ka soo horjeedeen habkan oo ugu dambeyntii guuleysteen.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=160}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=126–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Al-Idrisi's_world_map.JPG|thumb|Tabula Rogeriana (1154 AD) ee al-Idrisi, oo ah mid ka mid ah khariidadaha dunida ee ugu horumarsanaa qarniyadii dhexe, oo la sameeyay Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.]]
Axdigan inta badan waxaa loo yaqaan Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=80, 92, 105}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|pp=661–663}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=56}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lewis|1993|p=84}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guulaha sayniska Islaamku waxay samaysteen qaybo badan oo maadooyin ah sida caafimaadka, xisaabta, astronomiga, iyo beeraha iyo sidoo kale fisigiska, dhaqaalaha, injineernimada iyo optigga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=King |first=David A. |year=1983 |title=The Astronomy of the Mamluks |journal=Isis |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=531–55 |doi=10.1086/353360 |s2cid=144315162 | issn=0021-1753}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan-1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y. al-Hassan |title=Islam and the Challenge of Modernity |chapter=Factors Behind the Decline of Islamic Science After the Sixteenth Century |editor-last=Al-Attas |editor-first=S. S. |editor-link=Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization |year=1996 |pages=351–399 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ854295.pdf|title=Contributions of Islamic scholars to the scientific enterprise|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The greatest scientific advances from the Muslim world|website=TheGuardian.com|date=February 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/feb/01/islamic-science|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Avicenna wuxuu ahaa horyaal ku saabsan caafimaadka tijaabada ah,&lt;ref&gt;Jacquart, Danielle (2008). &quot;Islamic Pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Theories and Substances&quot;. European Review (Cambridge University Press) 16: 219–227.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). &quot;Arab Roots of European Medicine&quot;, Heart Views 4 (2).&lt;/ref&gt; oo The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo isticmaalay qoraal caafimaad oo heer sare ah ee dunida Islaamka iyo Yurub qarniyo. Rhazes wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aqoonsaday cudurrada furfuraa iyo jadeecada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx|title=Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes) (c. 865-925)|publisher=sciencemuseum.org.uk|access-date=31 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 Bisha Shanaad 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506072259/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cisbitaallada dadweynaha ee waqtigaas waxay bixiyeen shahaadooyinka ugu horreeya ee caafimaadka si loogu ogolaado dhakhaatiirta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alatas |first=Syed Farid |year=2006 |title=From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue |url=https://zenodo.org/record/29439 |journal=Current Sociology |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=112–132 |doi=10.1177/0011392106058837 |s2cid=144509355 |access-date=12 September 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Imamuddin |first=S.M. |title=Muslim Spain 711–1492 AD |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1981 |isbn=978-90-04-06131-6 |page=169}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibn al-Haytham waxaa loo tixgeliyaa aabaha habka sayniska ee casriga ah iyadoo inta badan loo sheego &quot;saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee runta ah ee dunida&quot;, gaar ahaan shaqadiisa optigga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-link=Gerald J. Toomer|first=G. J. |last=Toomer |jstor=228328 |title=Review Work: Matthias Schramm (1963) ''Ibn Al-Haythams Weg zur Physik'' |journal=Isis |volume=55 |issue=4 |date=Dec 1964 |page=464 |quote=Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Al-Khalili |first=Jim |date=4 January 2009 |title=The 'first true scientist' |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gorini |first=Rosanna |date=October 2003 |title=Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision |journal=Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=53–55 |url=http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf |access-date=25 September 2008 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Injineernimada, walaalaha Banū Mūsā aaladdooda turumbada tooska ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ahaan lahayd mashinkii ugu horreeyay ee la barnamijayn karo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Koetsier |first1=Teun |title=On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mechanism-and-machine-theory_2001-05_36_5/page/589 |journal=Mechanism and Machine Theory |date=May 2001 |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=589–603 |doi=10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xisaabta Islaamka, fikradda algorithm waxaa lagu magacaabay Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, oo loo tixgeliyo aasaasaha aljabra, oo lagu magacaabay buugiisa al-jabr, halka kuwo kale ay soo saareen fikradda shaqada (function).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Katz |first1=Victor J. |author1-link=Victor J. Katz |last2=Barton |first2=Bill |title=Stages in the History of Algebra with Implications for Teaching |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-studies-in-mathematics_2007-10_66_2/page/185 |journal=Educational Studies in Mathematics |date=18 September 2007 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=185–201 |doi=10.1007/s10649-006-9023-7 |s2cid=120363574 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dowladda waxay siin jirtay saynisyahannada mushahar u dhigma mushaharka ciyaartoyda xirfadleyda ah ee maanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Ahmed|2006|pp=23, 42, 84}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guinness World Records wuxuu u aqoonsan yahay Jaamacadda Al Karaouine, oo la aasaasay 859, inay tahay jaamacadda ugu qadiimsan ee bixisa shahaadooyinka dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Young |first=Mark |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofwo1998newy |title=The Guinness Book of Records |year=1998 |page=242 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-57895-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dad badan oo aan Muslin ahayn, sida Kiristanka, Yuhuudda iyo Saabi'iinta,&lt;ref name=&quot;Brague 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam|first=Rémi |last=Brague|year= 2009| isbn=9780226070803| page =164|publisher=University of Chicago Press|quote=Neither were there any Muslims among the Ninth-Century translators. Almost all of them were Christians of various Eastern denominations: Jacobites, Melchites, and, above all, Nestorians... A few others were Sabians.}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay guntadeen ilbaxnimada Islaamka qaybo meelaha ah,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill-1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hill |first=Donald |author-link=Donald Routledge Hill |title=Islamic Science and Engineering |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=1993 |page=4 |isbn=0-7486-0455-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brague-Assyrians&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Brague |first=Rémi |author-link=Rémi Brague |title=Assyrians contributions to the Islamic civilization |url=http://www.christiansofiraq.com/assyriancontributionstotheislamiccivilization.htm |website=Christians of Iraq |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo machadka loo yaqaan Bayt al-Hikma wuxuu u shaqaaleysiiyay aqoonyahanno Kiristan iyo Faarisi ah si ay ugu turjumaan shaqooyinka luqadda Carabiga iyo si ay u soosaaraan aqoon cusub.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meri-Bacharach-2006&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Meri |editor-first1=Josef W. |editor-link1=Josef W. Meri |editor-last2=Bacharach |editor-first2=Jere L. |editor-link2=Jere L. Bacharach |title=Hadith |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |year=2006 |page=304 |isbn=978-0415966917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MypbfKdMePIC&amp;pg=PA304 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Saliba-1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George Saliba |title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam |location=New York |publisher=New York University Press |year=1994 |pages=245, 250, 256–57 |isbn=0-8147-8023-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Cheshm manuscript.jpg|thumb|Anatomiya ee isha oo uu samaystay Hunayn ibn Ishaq, oo mas'uul ka ahaa turjumida Bayt al-Hikma waagii Boqortooyada Ablaasiyiinta, 1200 AD.]]Askartu waxay ka go'een boqortooyadii Ablaasiyiinta waxayna dhiseen khilaafadooda propriyada ah, sida Tulunids oo 868 ku tirsanaa Masar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Holt|first=Peter Malcolm|author-link=Peter Holt (historian)|title=The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, 1098–1291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0qLHVGgH7AC&amp;pg=PA8|year=2004|publisher=Pearson Longman|isbn=978-0-582-36931-3|page=6|access-date=2 February 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo boqortooyada Ghaznavid oo 977 ku tirsanaa Aasiyada Dhexe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Islamic Central Asia: an anthology of historical sources |editor-first1=Scott Cameron |editor-last1=Levi |editor-first2=Ron |editor-last2=Sela |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2010 |page=83}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaybsanaantan waxay keentay Qarnigii Shiicada, oo u dhaxeeyay 945 iyo 1055, oo la arkay kor u kaca dhaqdhaqaaqa Isma'ili Shiicada. Koox Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Fatimid, waxay gacanta ku dhigeen Waqooyiga Afrika qarnigii 10aad&lt;ref&gt;Neue Fischer Weltgeschichte &quot;Islamisierung in Zentralasien bis zur Mongolenzeit&quot; Band 10: Zentralasien, 2012, p. 191 (German)&lt;/ref&gt; iyo koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, Qarmatians, waxay boobeen Makka waxayna xadeen Hajar al-Aswad, oo ah dhagaxa ku dhex jira Kacbada, dib-u-jabayntooda aan guulaysan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Glubb |first=John Bagot |title=Mecca (Saudi Arabia) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mecca#ref887188 |access-date=18 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Buyid, waxay qabsadeen Baqdaad waxayna ka dhigeen Ablaasiyiinta boqortooyo magac ah oo kaliya. Boqortooyada Seljuk ee Ahlusunna waxay u dhaqaaqday inay mar kale adkayso Islaamka Ahlusunna iyagoo faafinayay ra'yiyada aqoonyahanada waqtigaas, gaar ahaan dhisidda machadyada waxbarashada ee loo yaqaan Nizamiyyas, oo la xiriira al-Ghazali iyo Saadi Shirazi.&lt;ref&gt;Andreas Graeser ''Zenon von Kition: Positionen u. Probleme'' Walter de Gruyter 1975 {{ISBN|978-3-11-004673-1}} p. 260&lt;/ref&gt; Faaftada dunida Muslinka waxay sii socotay iyadoo ergooyinka diinta ay u badaleen Volga Bulgaria Islaamka. Sultanada Delhi waxay gaadhay gudaha qaarad-hoosaadka Hindiya oo kuwo badan ayaa u badalay Islaamka,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=227–228}} gaar ahaan Hinduga heerka hoose ee faracoodu ka kooban yahay inta badan Muslinka Hindiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36220329|title=Why are many Indian Muslims seen as untouchable?|publisher=BBCnews|date=10 May 2016|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ganacsigu wuxuu keenay Muslin badan oo Shiinaha ah, halkaas oo ay si buuxda u xukumi jireen warshadaha soo dejinta iyo ka deerinta ee boqortooyada Song.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Islam in China |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/china_1.shtml |access-date=10 August 2011 |publisher=BBC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka waxaa loo qortay maamulayaal la doortay oo heer sare ah boqortooyada Yuan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lipman|first=Jonathan Newman|title=Familiar Strangers, a history of Muslims in Northwest China|location=Seattle, WA|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-295-97644-0|page=33}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Casrigii Ka-horreeyay Casriga Cusub (1258 – Qarnigii 18aad) ===
{{Further|Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam}}
[[File:GhazanConversionToIslam.JPG|thumb|Muuqaal qarnigii 14aad ee Ghazan, oo ahaa boqorkii 7aad ee Ilkhanate ee Boqortooyada Mongol, oo Islaamay.]]
Pobalka ganacsiga Muslinka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa tariiqooyinka Sufida dhiigooda,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=125–258}} Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay dhulal cusub&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Spread of Islam |url=http://www.yale.edu/yup/pdf/cim6.pdf |access-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinkuna waxay la dhex-galeen dhaqammo cusub. Hoos kaga jirtay Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay Koonfur-bari Yuuroop.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=6 May 2008 |title=Ottoman Empire |publisher=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&amp;_pos=3 |access-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 Bisha Shanaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525072847/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&amp;_pos=3 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamidda inta badan waxay lahayd heer sinkretisam ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Islamic and European Expansion |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1993 |editor-last=Adas |editor-first=Michael |location=Philadelphia |page=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; sida uu muujinayo muuqaalka Muhammad ee suugaanta dadweynaha ee Hinduga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara |title=Islam in South Asia in Practice |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2009 |page=104}}&lt;/ref&gt; Turkida Muslinka ah waxay ku dareen walxaha caqiidada Shamanisamka Turkida Islaamka.{{efn|&quot;Sannadaha dhow, fikradda sinkretisamka waa la dhuftay. Maaddaama ay maqan tahay awood lagu go'aamiyo ama lagu tixgeliyo caqiidada Ortodokska ee ku saabsan Islaamka, aqoonyahannada qaarkood waxay ku doodayaan inaysan jirin caqiidooyinka la qresheeyay, oo kaliya ee la amray habka, Islaamka ka hor qarnigii 16aad.{{sfnp|Peacock|2019|p=20–22}}}}{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|pp=1425–1429}} Muslinka ku jira Boqortooyada Ming ee Shiinaha oo ka soo jeeda soo-galootigii hore waa la la-dhex-galay, mararka qaar shuruuc ku dhiirrigelisa dhex-galka,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor1-last=Farmer|editor1-first=Edward L.|title=Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule|date=1995|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004103910|page=82|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCIjZ7l6TX8C&amp;pg=PA82|access-date=19 February 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyagoo qaatay magacyada Shiinaha iyo dhaqanka halka Nanjing uu noqday xarun muhiim ah ee barashada Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;Israeli, Raphael (2002). ''Islam in China''. p. 292. Lexington Books. {{ISBN|0-7391-0375-X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dillon |first=Michael |year=1999 |title=China's Muslim Hui Community |publisher=Curzon |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasmuslimhuic00dill |isbn=978-0-7007-1026-3 |page=37 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndhex-galka dhaqanka wuxuu ahaay mid muuqda iyadoo la yaraysay saamaynta Carabta ka dib burburintii Mongol ee Khilafadii Ablaasiyiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=497}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khanates-ka Mongol ee Muslinka ah ee ku jira Iiraan iyo Aasiyada Dhexe waxay ka faa'iideysteen kordhinta helitaanka dhaqammada ee Bariga Aasiya oo hoos jirtay xukunkii Mongol sidaas darteed waxay u horumareen oo ay u samaysteen si ka duwan saamaynta Carabta, sida Dib-u-dhalashadii Timurid oo hoos jirtay boqortooyada Timurid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Subtelny |first=Maria Eva |date=November 1988 |title=Socioeconomic Bases of Cultural Patronage under the Later Timurids |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/socioeconomic-bases-of-cultural-patronage-under-the-later-timurids/2A0F3018EE155F23FC4A7F5F25D7DE6D |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=479–505 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800053861 |s2cid=162411014 |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wuxuu soo bandhigay qaabka xisaabta oo ka dib loo dooday inuu qaatay Copernicus isagoo aan waxba ka badalin qaabkiisa heliocentric-ka,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=1999|title=Nasir al-Din al-Tusi|publisher=University of St Andrews|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Tusi_Nasir/|access-date=27 August 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo qiyaasta pi ee Jamshīd al-Kāshī ma aysan dhaafin 180 sano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=1999 |title=Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi |publisher=University of St Andrews |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Kashi/ |access-date=29 December 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg|thumb|Mehmed II oo galaya Constantinople.]]
Ka dib markii la soo bandhigay hubka baaruda, dawlado waaweyn oo dhawaan xabbada lahaa oo Muslin ah ayaa ku bashqaday boqortooyoyinka baaruda, kuwaas oo hore u kala qaybsanaay dhulal kala duwan. Khilafada waxaa sheegtay boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo sheegashadooda la adkeeyay 1517 markii Selim I uu noqday taliyaha Makka iyo Madiina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Drews |first=Robert |url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/publications/ |title=Coursebook: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, to the Beginnings of Modern Civilization |date=August 2011 |publisher=Vanderbilt University |chapter=Chapter Thirty – &quot;The Ottoman Empire, Judaism, and Eastern Europe to 1648&quot; |chapter-url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/files/2014/01/Chapter-Thirty.-The-Ottoman-Empire-Judaism-and-Eastern-Europe-to-1648.pdf |access-date=21 April 2020 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Boqortooyada Shiicada ee Safavid waxay ku korortay awoodda 1501 ka dibna waxay qabsatay dhammaan Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;Peter B. Golden: An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples; In: Osman Karatay, Ankara 2002, p. 321&lt;/ref&gt; Koonfurta Aasiya, Babur wuxuu aasaasay Boqortooyada Mughal.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|last=Gilbert|first=Marc Jason|title=South Asia in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dhKDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA75|year=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-066137-3|pages=75|access-date=15 January 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diinta dawladaha ku dhex-jira ee boqortooyoyinka baaruda waxay saamaysay dhaqanka diimeed ee dadkooda ku dhex-jira. Wada-noolaanshaha u dhexeeya taliyayaasha Cusmaaniyiinta iyo Sufinimada wuxuu si adag u saameeyay xukunkii Islaamka ee Cusmaaniyiinta tan iyo bilowgii. Tariiqada Mevlevi iyo Bektashis waxay lahaayeen xiriir dhow oo ay la lahaayeen sultannada,&lt;ref&gt;Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 540&lt;/ref&gt; maaddaama noocyada Sufi-suufiyada ah iyo kuwo kale oo sinkretik ah ee Islaamka ay u horumareen si muuqata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Algar |first=Ayla Esen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fc69BhBDjhwC&amp;q=ottomans+sufism |title=The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, Art, and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey |page=15 |date=1 January 1992 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07060-8 |access-date=29 April 2020 |via=Google Books |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Badanaa qasabka dhex-galka Safavid ee Iiraan ee Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha ee Boqortooyada Safavid wuxuu xaqiijiyay xukunkii dambe ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Shiicada. Soo-galootiga Faarisiga ah ee Koonfurta Aasiya, maaddaama ay ahaayeen maamulayaal saamayntooda leh iyo milkiilayaal dhul, waxay caawiyeen faafinta Islaamka Shiicada, iyagoo dhisay qaar ka mid ah dadka ugu waaweyn ee Shiicada ee ka baxsan Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/conversion-iii|title=CONVERSION To Imami Shiʿism in India|publisher=Iranica Online|language=English|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nader Shah, oo riday Safavids, wuxuu isku deyey inuu wanaajiyo xiriirka Ahlusunna ee Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo la faafinayo dhex-galka Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Ahlusunna sida madhabka shanaad, oo loo yaqaan Ja'farism,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Nadir Shah and the Ja 'fari Madhhab Reconsidered |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=27 |issue=1–4 |date=1994 |pages=163–179 |doi=10.1080/00210869408701825 |jstor=4310891}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo ku dhiirran waayay inuu helo aqoonsi ka soo baxa Cusmaaniyiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Nāder Shāh |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nader-shah |date=29 March 2006 |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |access-date=9 March 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Casrigii Casriga Ahaa (Qarniyadii 18aad–20aad) ===
[[File:Portrait Caliph Abdulmecid II.jpg|thumb|Sawirka Khaliifkii ugu dambeeyay Abdülmecid II, ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, 1923.]]

Horey qarnigii 14aad, Ibn Taymiyya wuxuu dhiirrigeliyay qaab daahir ah oo Islaamka ah, isagoo diaday hababka falsafada si uu u doorbido fiqhiga fudud,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Mary Hawkesworth, Maurice Kogan ''Encyclopedia of Government and Politics: 2-volume set'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-1-136-91332-7}} pp. 270–271&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna ugu baaqay in loo furo albaabada ijtihadka halkii indho la'aan loogu dayan lahaa aqoonyahannada.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=150}} Wuxuu ugu baaqay jihad ka dhan ah kuwa uu u tixgeliyay gaalo,{{Refn|group=note|Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} p. 6}} laakiin qoraalladiisu waxay lahaayeen oo kaliya doorkii ugu yaraa intii uu babacayay.{{Refn|group=note|Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri. SUNY Press. pp. 129–130.}} Qarnigii 18aad ee Carabiya, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, oo ay saameeyeen shaqooyinka Ibn Taymiyya iyo Ibn al-Qayyim, wuxuu aasaasay dhaqdhaqaaq loo yaqaan Wahhabism si loo laabto waxa uu u arkay Islaamka aan la badalin.&lt;ref&gt;Donald Quataert ''The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-83910-5}} p. 50&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu cambaareeyay caadooyinka badan ee maxalliga ah ee Islaamka, sida bisitaynta qabriga Muhammad ama Imamyada Shiicada, maaddaama ay yihiin bidco cusub iyo dambi&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 260&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna burburiyay dhagaxyada iyo geedaha xurmada leh, goobaha Sufida, Qabuuraha al-Baqi, qabuuraha Muhammad iyo asxaabtiisa iyo Qabriga Imam Husayn, oo ah goob muhiim ah oo loo bisiteeyo Shiicada.{{Refn|group=note|Graves desecrated in Mizdah, Libya Herald, 2013}}{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=146}} Wuxuu dhisay isbahaysi uu la leeyahay qoyska Saud, oo marka la joogo 1920-yadii ay dhammaystireen qabsashadooda dhulka noqon doona Sacuudi Carabiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Musa-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite thesis |title=The Emergence of a Scholar from a Garrison Society: A contextual analysis of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhāb's doctrine in the light of the Qur'ān and Hadīth |url=https://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/id/eprint/2096/ |publisher=University of Wales Trinity Saint David |date=2022-08-23 |degree=masters |language=en |first=Shahajada Md |last=Musa |access-date=19 December 2023 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nicolas Laos ''The Metaphysics of World Order: A Synthesis of Philosophy, Theology, and Politics'' Wipf and Stock Publishers 2015 {{ISBN|978-1-4982-0102-5}} p. 177&lt;/ref&gt; Ma Wanfu iyo Ma Debao waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa salafida qarnigii 19aad sida Sailaifengye ee Shiinaha ka dib markii ay ka soo laabteen Makka laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa dhibay oo lagu qasbay inay dhuuntaan kooxaha Sufida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Barry M.|last=Rubin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&amp;pg=PA79|page=79|title=Guide to Islamist Movements|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=0-7656-1747-1|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxaha kale waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Sufinimada halkii ay ka diadi lahaayeen, iyagoo Senusiyya iyo Muhammad Ahmad ay labadooduba dagaallameen oo ay dhiseen dawlado ku kala yaalla Liibiya iyo Sudaan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=147}} Hindiya, Shah Waliullah Dehlawi wuxuu isku deyey qaab dib u heshiisiin ah oo ka dhan ah Sufinimada wuxuuna saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=149}} Jawaab ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi, dhaqdhaqaaqa Barelwi waxaa loo aasaasay sida dhaqdhaqaaq dadweyne, iyadoo la difaacaayay Sufinimada caanka ah oo la dib u habaynayay dhaqankeeda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Canfield |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3JhKNSk8tQC&amp;pg=PAPA131 |title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52291-5 |pages=131– |access-date=1 December 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sanyal |first=Usha |date=23 July 1998 |title=Generational Changes in the Leadership of the Ahl-e Sunnat Movement in North India during the twentieth Century |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/generational-changes-in-the-leadership-of-the-ahle-sunnat-movement-in-north-india-during-the-twentieth-century/8AAAC4CFEFC4F4084731C3964A5CAE84 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=635–656 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X98003059 |via=Cambridge Core |access-date=23 February 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Interior of Al Aqsa Mosque Jerusalem. 1900-1910 (id.22715311).jpg|thumb|Sannadkii 1969 Dabka Masjidka Al-Aqsa, oo sidoo cuali burburiyay Minbarkii Saladin, wuxuu keenay ver-xaasidnimo taabtay dunida Muslinka wuxuuna ahaa kicin muhiim ah oo loo aasaasay Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka.]]
Dunida Muslinka waxay guud ahaan ku jirtay hoos u dhac siyaasadeed markii ay bilaabatay 1800-yadii, gaar ahaan marka la barbardhigo awoodaha Yuuroop ee aan Muslinka ahayn. Horey, qarnigii 15aad, Reconquista waxay ku guuleysatay inay dhameeyo joogitaanka Muslinka ee Iberia. Marka la joogo qarnigii 19aad, British East India Company waxay si rasmi ah u qabsatay boqortooyada Mughal ee Hindiya.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=358, 378–380, 624}} Sida jawaab ka dhan ah Imperialisamka Reer Galbeedka, aqoonyahanno badan waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Buzpinar |first=Ş. Tufan |date=March 2007 |title=Celal Nuri's Concepts of Westernization and Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-eastern-studies_2007-03_43_2/page/247 |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.1080/00263200601114091 |jstor=4284539|s2cid=144461915 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Casriyeynta Islaamka, oo markii hore loo bixiyay aqoonyahannada Reer Galbeedka sida Salafiyya, waxay soo dhoweysay qiimayaasha casriga ah iyo machadyada sida demokaraasiyada iyadoo la raacaayo qoraallada diinta. Hogaamiyayaasha muhiimka ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa ka mid ah Muhammad 'Abduh iyo Jamal al-Din al-Afghani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|pages=231–232}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abul A'la Maududi wuxuu caawiyay saamaynta Islaamka siyaasadeed ee casriga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 January 2014 |title=Political Islam: A movement in motion |work=Economist Magazine |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2014/01/political-islam |access-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Wilfred Cantwell |title=Islam in Modern History |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1957 |isbn=0-691-03030-8 |page=233 |author-link=Wilfred Cantwell Smith}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku dhow qaanuunka casriga ah, shariicada markii ugu horreysay ayaa qayb ahaan loo qoray shaqo ahaan sannadkii 1869 ku dhex-jirtay koodka Mecelle ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta. Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta waxay dissilftay ka dib Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Dunida, Khilafadii Cusmaaniyiinta waa la joojiyay 1924&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 June – 5 July 2000 |title=New Turkey |work=Al-Ahram Weekly |issue=488 |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=16 May 2010 |archive-date=4 Bisha Tobnaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004145229/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Khilafadii Sharifian ee ka dib waxay u dhacday si doob ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=الوطن |first1=جريدة |last2=webmaster |date=2020-05-05 |title=&quot;مملكة الحجاز&quot;.. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح |url=https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=جريدة الوطن |language=ar |url-status=dead |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516230552/https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bani Issa |first=Mohammad Saleh |date=2023-11-01 |title=Factors of stability and sustainable development in Jordan in its first centenary 1921–2021 (an analytical descriptive study) |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=11 |article-number=e20993 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20993 |issn=2405-8440 |doi-access=free|pmid=37928029 |pmc=10623165 |bibcode=2023Heliy...920993B }}&lt;/ref&gt; sidaas darteed iyadoo ka tagaysa Islaamka oo aan lahayn Khaliif.&lt;ref name=&quot;والخلفاء-2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=والخلفاء |first=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r-5EAAAQBAJ |title=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية والخلفاء |date=2023-03-31 |publisher=Austin Macauley Publishers |isbn=978-1-3984-9251-6 |language=en |access-date=26 December 2023 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Taageerayaasha Mideynta Islaamka waxay isku deyeyeen inay mideeyaan Muslinka waxayna tartan la galeen awoodaha qarannimada ee korayay, sida Pan-Arabisamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Doran |first=Michael |title=Pan-Arabism before Nasser: Egyptian power politics and the Palestine question |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford university press |isbn=978-0-19-512361-6 |series=Studies in Middle Eastern history |location=New York Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Landau |first=Yaʿaqov M. |title=The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization |date=1994 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-827709-5 |edition=[Rev. and updated] paperback (with additions and corr.) |location=Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka (OIC), oo ka kooban waddamada Muslinka ah, waxaa la aasaasay 1969 ka dib gubiddii Masjidka Al-Aqsa ee Qudus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 December 2010 |title=Organization of the Islamic Conference |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1555062.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xiriirka la la leeyahay waddamada warshadaha leh wuxuu keenay dadka Muslinka ah dhulal cusub iyada oo loo marayo u-guuritaanka dhaqaalaha. Muslin badan ayaa u guuray sida shaqaale heshiis ku jooga (u badan oo ka yimid Hindiya iyo Indoneesiya) Karibiyaanka, iyagoo dhisay dadka ugu waaweyn ee Muslinka ah inta la joogo boqolkiiba ee Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{sfnp|Haddad|Smith|2002|p=271}}&lt;/ref&gt; U-guuritaanka ka yimid Siiriya iyo Lubnaan wuxuu ku soo kordhiyay dadka Muslinka ah ee Laatiin Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Zabel|first=Darcy|title=Arabs in the Americas: Interdisciplinary Essays on the Arab Diaspora|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2006|isbn=9780820481111|location=Austria|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Natiijadii magaalooyinka iyo kordhinta ganacsiga ee Afrika ka hooseysa Saxara waxay keentay Muslinka inay degaan dhulal cusub oo ay faafiyaan diintooda, iyadoo lagu qiyaasay inay laba-laabatay dadkeeda Muslinka ah u dhaxeysa 1869 iyo 1914.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=722}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Casrigii ee Horumarsanaa (Qarnigii 20aad–Ilaa Hada) ===
[[File:13. Session of the Islamic Summit Conference.jpg|thumb|Hoggaamiyeyaasha dalalka Islaamka intii uu socday kalfadhigii 2016 ee Shirka Iskaashiga Islaamka ee Istambul, Turkiga. Trikiiba saddex sano, OIC waxay isku brings dhammaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Muslinka.|upright=1.35]]
Aabbayaashii casriyeynta Islaamka waxay saameeyeen dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka sida Ikhwaanul Muslimeen iyo xisbiyada la xiriira ee dunida Carabta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 August 2011 |title=Are secular forces being squeezed out of Arab Spring? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14447820 |access-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=23 December 2008 |title=Jordanian students rebel, embracing conservative Islam |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/world/middleeast/24jordan.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuwaas oo si wanaagsan uga dhex muuqday doorashooyinkii ka dambeeyay Guudkii Carabta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kirkpatrick |first=David D. |date=3 December 2011 |title=Egypt's vote puts emphasis on split over religious rule |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/world/middleeast/egypts-vote-propels-islamic-law-into-spotlight.html |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jamaat-e-Islami ee Koonfurta Aasiya iyo Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarinta (AK Party), oo si kemokaraasi ah xukuma Turkiga tobanaan sano. Iiraan, Kacdoonkii Iiraan wuxuu beddelay boqortooyadii laimaaniyadda ee Reer Galbeedku taageerayay iyadoo la dhisay Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah. Kuwa kale sida Sayyid Rashid Rida waxay ka go'een casriyeeyayaasha Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|page=237|quote=&quot;Prior to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, leading reformers who happened to be Salafi in creed were surprisingly open-minded: although they adhered to neo-Hanbali theology. However, the aftermath of the First World War and the expansion of European colonialism paved the way for a series of shifts in thought and attitude. The experiences of Rida offer many examples... he turned against the Shi'is who dared, with reason, to express doubts about the Saudi-Wahhabi project... . Shi'is were not the only victims: Rida and his associates showed their readiness to turn against fellow Salafis who questioned some of the Wahhabis' religious interpretations.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ka hortageen soo dhowaynta waxa uu u arkayay saamaynta Reer Galbeedka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=G. Rabil|first=Robert|title=Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-62616-116-0|location=Washington DC, US|pages=32–33|quote=&quot;Western colonialists established in these countries political orders... that, even though not professing enmity to Islam and its institutions, left no role for Islam in society. This caused a crisis among Muslim reformists, who felt betrayed not only by the West but also by those nationalists, many of whom were brought to power by the West...  Nothing reflects this crisis more than the ideological transformation of Rashid Rida (1865–1935)... He also revived the works of Ibn Taymiyah by publishing his writings and promoting his ideas. Subsequently, taking note of the cataclysmic events brought about by Western policies in the Muslim world and shocked by the abolition of the caliphate, he transformed into a Muslim intellectual mostly concerned about protecting Muslim culture, identity, and politics from Western influence. He supported a theory that essentially emphasized the necessity of an Islamic state in which the scholars of Islam would have a leading role... Rida was a forerunner of Islamist thought. He apparently intended to provide a theoretical platform for a modern Islamic state. His ideas were later incorporated into the works of Islamic scholars. Significantly, his ideas influenced none other than Hassan al-Bannah, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt... The Muslim Brethren have taken up Rida's Islamic fundamentalism, a right-wing radical movement founded in 1928,..&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxda ISIS waxay xitaa isku deyday inay dib u samayso diinaarkii dahabka ahaa ee casriga ahaa si uu u noqdo pambakooda lacagta. Halka kuwii ka go'ay ay qaarkood ahaayeen kuwa ka gaabsada siyaasadda, kuwo kale waxay rumechsanaayeen dhibaataynta kuwa ka soo horjeeda, xitaa Muslinka kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins |title=Isis to mint own Islamic dinar coins in gold, silver and copper |work=The Guardian |date=21 November 2014 |access-date=31 July 2022 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka hortagga dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka, qarnigii 20aad ee Turkiga, ciidanku waxay sameeyeen afgembiyo si ay xukuumadaha Islaamiga ah uga tuuraan xukanka, sidoo kale xijabka ayaa si sharci ah loo xaddiday, sida ay sidoo kale ka dhacday Tuniisiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 April 2011 |title=Huge rally for Turkish secularism |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6604643.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Saleh |first=Heba |date=15 October 2011 |title=Tunisia moves against headscarves |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6053380.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhulalka kale, awoodda diinta ayaa la maamulay iyada oo hadda loo arko puppeto oo ay dawladdu maamusho. Tusaale ahaan, Sacuudi Carabiya, dawladdu waxay keligeed maamushay aqoonta diinta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 June 2007 |title=Laying down the law: Islam's authority deficit |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2007/06/28/islams-authority-deficit |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Masar, dawladdu waxay qarameysay Jaamacadda Al-Azhar, oo hore u ahayd igo madax-bannaan oo xaddida awoodda dawladda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| title = The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought| last1 = Bowering | first1 = Gerhard | last2=Mirza |first2=Mahan |last3=Crone |first3=Patricia| year = 2013 | publisher = Princeton University Press | page=59| isbn = 9780691134840
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salafiyada waxaa dhaqaale lagu siiyay Bariga Dhexe sababtoo ah ka gaabsashadeeda siyaasadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=18 October 2008 |title=Ultraconservative Islam on rise in Mideast |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna27256187 |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=MSNBC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sacuudi Carabiya waxay ololayso ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiga ah ee kacdoonka ah ee Bariga Dhexe, iyadoo ka soo horjeedda Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Almukhtar |first1=Sarah |last2=Peçanha |first2=Sergio |last3=Wallace |first3=Tim |date=5 January 2016 |title=Behind Stark Political Divisions, a More Complex Map of Sunnis and Shiites |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/sunni-shiite-map-middle-east-iran-saudi-arabia.html |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiro yar oo Muslin ah oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha kala duwan ayaa loo dhibay sida koox diimeed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Thames |first1=Knox |title=Why the Persecution of Muslims Should Be on Biden's Agenda |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/muslims-islam-china-india-myanmar-persecution-repression-biden-human-rights/ |work=Foreign Policy Magazine |date=6 January 2021 |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tan waxaa sameeyay xoogagga shuuciga ah sida Khmer Rouge, kuwaas oo u arkayay inay yihiin armigooda koowaad ee la cirbootinayo maaddaama dhaqankooda diimeed uu ka dhigay kuwa ka dhex muuqda dadka kale,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Perrin |first=Andrew |date=10 October 2003 |title=Weakness in numbers |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/archive/6894001/weakness-in-numbers/ |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xisbiga Shuuciga Shiinaha ee Xinjiang&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Beydoun |first1=Khaled A. |title=For China, Islam is a 'mental illness' that needs to be 'cured' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/china-islam-mental-illness-cured-181127135358356.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xoogagga qarannimada sida intii uu socday xasuuqii Bosniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Mojzes |first=Paul |title=Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4422-0663-2|page=178}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ciidanka Miyanmaar ee Tatmadaw oo bartilmaameedsanayay Muslinka Rohingya waxaa loogu yeeray dambi ka dhan ah aadamnimada ay sameeyeen Qaraamada Midoobay iyo Amnesty International,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Oliver Holmes |date=19 December 2016 |title=Myanmar's Rohingya campaign 'may be crime against humanity' |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/19/myanmars-rohingya-campaign-may-be-against-humanity |url-status=live |access-date=5 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2016|title=Rohingya abuse may be crimes against humanity: Amnesty|website=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/19/rohingya-abuse-may-be-crimes-against-humanity-amnesty/|access-date=2023-02-21|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Xafiiska Qaraamada Midoobay ee Wakiilka Sare ee Xaqiiqo-raadinta uu ka helay xasuuq, sifeyn qowmiyadeed, iyo dambiyo kale oo ka dhan ah aadamnimada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/MyanmarFFM/Pages/ReportoftheMyanmarFFM.aspx|title=Report of Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar |date=27 August 2018|website=ohchr.org|access-date=14 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Horumarka isgaarsiinta dunida wuxuu teshay faafinta ballaaran ee aqoonta diinta. Qaadashada xijabka waxay noqotay mid ka sii badan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=28 January 2007 |title=In Egypt, a new battle begins over the veil |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28slackman.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo aqoonyahanno badan oo Muslin ah waxay si kordhayay isku deyayaan inay ka soocaan caqiidooyinka diinta Islaamka iyo dhaqammada caadiga ah.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=41}} Kooxaha kale dhexdiisa, helitaanka macluumaadka wuxuu keenay kordhinta wacdiyayaasha &quot;televangelist&quot; ee caanka ah, sida Amr Khaled, kuwaas oo kula tartama culumada caadiga ah gaaritaankooda oo ay ka dhigeen awoodda diinta mid aan hal xarun ku dhuftayn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=263}} Sharraxaadaha &quot;gaarka ah&quot; ee Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;V. Šisler: ''The Internet and the Construction of Islamic Knowledge in Europe'' p. 212&lt;/ref&gt; waxay si muuqata u dhex-galaan Muslinka Liberaalka ah oo isku deyaya inay waafajiyaan dhaqammada diinta iyo xukunkii laimaaniyadda ee casriga ah,{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=118–119, 179}}{{sfnp|Rippin|2001|p=288}} hab ka mid ah kuwa ay dhaleeceeyeen qaarkood oo ku saabsan waafaqsanaantiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Adams, Charles J.|editor1-last=Esposito|editor1-first=John L.|title=Voices of Resurgent Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen|url-access=registration|date=1983|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen/page/113 113–4] |chapter=Maududi and the Islamic State|quote=[Maududi believed that] when religion is relegated to the personal realm, men inevitably give way to their bestial impulses and perpetrate evil upon one another. In fact it is precisely because they wish to escape the restraints of morality and the divine guidance that men espouse secularism.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Meisami|first=Sayeh|date=2013|title='Abdolkarim Soroush |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0034.xml|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-12 |website=Oxford Bibliographies|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale, laimaaniyaddu waxaa loo arkaa fikrad shisheeye oo ay ku soo impose gareeyeen qabsadayaashii oo ay adkeeyeen maamulayaasha ka dambeeyay gumeysiga,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Secularism, State Neutrality, and Islam|author=Abdullah Saeed|encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Secularism|editor1=Phil Zuckerman|editor2=John R. Shook |url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/abstract/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199988457-e-12|year=2017|page=188 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.12|isbn=978-0-19-998845-7|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo inta badan loo fahmo inay u dhiganto ka-horjeedda diinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|author=Nader Hashemi|title=Secularism|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0714|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tirada Dadka ==
{{Main|Dunida Muslinka|Ummah}}

{{See also|Islaamka waddan ahaan|Koraanka dadka Muslinka ah}}
[[File:2020+ Proportion of people in world religions.svg |thumb|Boqolkiiba inta qof ee diimaha dunida. Muslinku waxay ka yihiin dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, taas oo ah tiro yar oo ka hooseysa Masiixiyiinta.&lt;ref name=Pew_20250609&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hackett |first1=Conrad |last2=Stonawski |first2=Marcin |last3=Tong |first3=Yunping |last4=Kramer |first4=Stephanie |last5=Shi |first5=Anne |last6=Fahmy |first6=Dalia |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |publisher=Pew Research Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222070137/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |archive-date=22 February 2026 |date=9 June 2025 |url-status=live |quote=Source: Pew Research Center estimates based on more than 2,700 censuses and surveys. &quot;How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Marka la joogo 2020, dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, ama dhawaan 2&amp;nbsp;bilyan oo qof, waa Muslin.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewresearch.orgReligion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project |date=21 December 2022 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128120036/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.pewresearch.org-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 December 2022 |title=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205195540/https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|date=27 January 2011|access-date=26 October 2022|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930233955/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | title=Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world | date=9 August 2017 | access-date=19 December 2022 | archive-date=8 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108121140/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Growth-2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |author-link2=Conrad Hackett |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-date=2019-05-14 |website=Fact Tank |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=2017-04-06 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1900, qiyaastani waxay ahayd 12.3%,&lt;ref name=&quot;Barrett-2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Barrett |first1=David B. |last2=Kurian |first2=George T. |last3=Johnson |first3=Todd M. |title=World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World |volume=1: The World by Countries: Religionists, Churches, Ministries |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |page=4 |isbn=978-0195079630 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannadkii 1990 waxay ahayd 19.9%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Research Center-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite report |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyada oo saadaalintu ay muujinayso in heerku noqon doono 29.7% marka la joogo 2050.{{rp|8}} Ugu kooban uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020 waxay heshay in dadka Muslinka ah ee dunidu ay ahaayeen kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badnayd tobankii sano, inta badan sababtoo ah Muslinku waxay u janjeeraan inay ku yar yihiin da'da oo ay leeyihiin heer dhalmo oo sarreeya—laba walxood oo muhiim ah oo kexeeya koraanka caadiga ah ee dadka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |page=9|quote=Increases in the global Muslim population are largely due to Muslims having a relatively young age structure and high fertility rate, two characteristics that result in natural population growth.}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|9}} Sida ku xuso qiyaasta dadka ee 2020, 65% dadka Muslinka ah waxay ku dhex jiraan toban waddan, iyada oo dadka ugu waaweyni ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, Bangaladeesh, Nayjeeriya, Masar, Iiraan, Turkiga, Sudaan, iyo Aljeeriya, marka loo eego sida ay u kala hooseeyaan. Indoneesiya waxay xarun u tahay ka badan 230,000,000 oo Muslin ah, Bakistaan ka badan 220,000,000, Hindiya ka badan 210,000,000, Bangaladeesh ka badan 150,000,000, Nayjeeriya ka badan 110,000,000, Masar ka badan 100,000,000, Iiraan iyo Turkiga midkiiba ka badan 80,000,000, iyo Sudaan iyo Aljeeriya midkiiba ka badan 40,000,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/muslim-population-change/|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020: 3. Muslim population change|date=9 June 2025|access-date=12 February 2026|website=Pew Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Boqolkiiba Muslinka ee dunida waddan ahaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2015&quot; /&gt;]]Sida ku xuso warbixin ay soo saartay CNN, &quot;Islaamku wuxuu soo jiitay dad soo Islaamay oo ka soo jeeda dhammaan heerarka nolosha, gaar ahaan Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fast-growing Islam winning converts in Western world |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |access-date=6 May 2016 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015114027/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingiriiska, dhawaan 6,000 oo qof ayaa soo Islaama sannad walba, iyada oo sida ku xuso maqaal ku jira British Muslims Monthly Survey, badanka dadka cusub ee soo Islaama ee Ingiriiska ay ahaayeen dumarka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |title=British Muslims Monthly Survey for June 2000, Vol. VIII, No. 6 |at=Women convert |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2008-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214160750/http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku xuso The Huffington Post, &quot;ilaaliyayaashu waxay qiyaasayaan in illaa 20,000 oo Ameerikan ah ay soo Islaamaan sannad walba&quot;, badankoodu ay yihiin dumarka iyo Muslinka Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-08-24 |title=Conversion To Islam One Result Of Post-9/11 Curiosity |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=HuffPost |language=en |archive-date=2021-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111201117/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Julie |author-last=Bindel |author-link=Julie Bindel |title=Why do Western Women Convert? |url=http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |access-date=8 May 2016 |work=Standpoint |date=26 April 2010 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102003/http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale boqolkiiba iyo tirada guud ahaan, Islaamku waa kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badan dunida, iyadoo la saadaalinayo inay noqoto ta ugu weyn dunida dhamaadka qarniga 21aad, iyadoo ka badanaysa Masiixiyada. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in marka la joogo 2050, tirada Muslinka ay u dhowaan doonto tirada Masiixiyiinta ee dunida, &quot;sababtoo ah da'da yar iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka marka loo barbardhigo kooxaha kale ee diimaha.&quot;{{rp|70}}
=== Xituunta Pew Research ===
Dhawaan 49 waddan ayaa ah kuwo dadka ugu badan ee ku nooli ay Muslin yihiin,{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=11}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ba-Yunus |first1=Ilyas |title=Muslims in the United States |last2=Kone, Kassim |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu/page/n186 172] |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-313-32825-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Landscape-2012&quot;&gt;{{cite report |author=The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life |title=The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323215026/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-23 |date=December 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Islam in Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia/ |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=Anadolu News Agency |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024349/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Book review: Russia's Muslim Heartlands reveals diverse population |date=21 April 2018 |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |work=The National |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210257/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyada oo 62% Muslinka dunidu ay ku nool yihiin Aasiya, halka 683 milyan oo taabacsan ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, iyo Bangaladeesh keligood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Projections-2050&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207115222/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-date=2017-02-07 |website=Pew Research Center |publisher=Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life |date=2015-04-02 |type=Projections table |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Secrets of Islam |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |website=U.S. News &amp; World Report |archive-date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122200555/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |url-status=live }} Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005).&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|pp=15, 17}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Pechilis |first1=Karen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |title=South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today |last2=Raj |first2=Selva J. |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-44851-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&amp;pg=PA193 193] |access-date=3 May 2019 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024331/https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Carabta ah waxay samayeeyaan kooxda qowmiyadeed ee ugu weyn Muslinka dhexdeeda ee dunida,&lt;ref name=&quot;Nydell-2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Nydell |first=Margaret Kleffner |title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times |edition=4th |location=Yarmouth, Maine |publisher=Intercultural Press |year=2005 |pages=xxiii, 14 |isbn=978-1931930253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024737/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaa ku xiga Bangaaliyiinta&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Richard Eaton|editor=Barbara D. Metcalf|title=Islam in South Asia in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C|date=8 September 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-3138-8|page=275|chapter=Forest Clearing and the Growth of Islam in Bengal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&amp;pg=PA50 |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |author1=Meghna Guhathakurta |author2=Willem van Schendel |page=50 |date=30 April 2013 |publisher=Duke University Press |access-date=7 November 2016 |isbn=978-0822353188 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707092408/https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&amp;pg=PA50 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Bunjaabiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|page=1|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaasaha badankood waxay muujinayaan in Shiinaha ay ku nool yihiin dhawaan 20 illaa 30 milyan oo Muslin ah (1.5% illaa 2% dadka waddanka).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |work=The World Factbook |title=Explore All Countries – China |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |access-date=15 September 2009 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=13 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213122152/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=China (includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet) |website=Archived Content |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710075050/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka ka jira Yurub waa diinta labaad ee ugu weyn Masiixiyadda ka dib waddamo badan dhexdeeda, iyada oo heerarka koraanka ay inta badan ku yimaadaan soogalootiga iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka ee 2005,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 December 2005 |title=Muslims in Europe: Country guide |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=29 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929213440/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo samaynaysay 4.9% dhammaan dadka Yurub ee 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe|date=November 29, 2017|work=Pew Research Center|first=Conrad|last=Hackett|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105202657/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sida ku xuso Xituunta Pew Research, soo Islaamidda ma laha saameyn weyn oo saafi ah oo ku saabsan koraanka dadka Muslinka ah maadaama &quot;tirada dadka ku soo Islaama diinta ay u dhowdahay inay la mid tahay tirada Muslinka ah ee ka baxda diinta.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |section=Conversion |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |section-url=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors/#conversion |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |quote=there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the faith |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211126/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bagse, Islaamku wuxuu ka helayaa faa'iido yar oo ah 3 milyan oo qof marka loo eego isbeddelka diimaha u dhexeya 2010 iyo 2050, inta badan ka timaada Afrika Sub-Sahara (2.9 milyan).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|title=Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.43|access-date=4 May 2016|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150429153811/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|title=The Changing Global Religious Landscape|work=Pew Research Center|date=5 April 2017|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218030628/https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku xuso uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020, dhawaan 1% dadka waaweyn ee ku soo koray Muslimnimada ayaa ka baxa diinta, halka boqolkiiba la mid ah —dhawaan 1%— ay ka soo Islaamaan diimaha kale, taas oo keenta heer hoose oo isbeddel diimeed ah oo soo gala ama ka baxa Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2029&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US|page=39|quote=Muslims and Hindus have been the least likely to gain or lose adherents from religious switching. About one in every 100 adults raised Muslim (or Hindu) has left their childhood religion, and a similar number from a different religious category have switched into Islam (or Hinduism).}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutaaniqada Islaamka ka baxday waxay u janjeeraan inay u wareegaan diin kale halkii ay ka noqon lahaayeen kuwo aan diin lahayn.

== Qaybaha Waaweyn ==
{{Main|Xiriirka Shiicada iyo Sunnada|Qadiir Khum|Saqiifa|Ciidul Qadiir}}

=== Matalaadda Qadiir Khum iyo Saqiifa ===
[[File:Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.162r miniature.jpg|thumb|Magacaabiddii Cali uu Muxammad ku magacaabay Qadiir Khum, 1307 AD fardawsa Ilkhanid.]]
Tukhtaan muhiim ah ayaa ka dhacay 632 ee Qadiir Khum, halkaas oo Muxammad, obo yar ka hor dhimashadiisa, uu gacanta ku qabtay Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, uu ka jeediyay khudbad uu ku yiri &quot;Kii aan ahay ''mowlahiisa'', Cali waa ''mowlahiisa''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam |author-first=Maria Massi |author-last=Dakake |year=2007 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791470336 |author-link=Maria Massi Dakake}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Veccia Vaglieri|first=L.|date=2012|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|section=G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm|publisher=Brill|access-date=July 14, 2023|isbn=9789004161214|archive-date=14 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714174420/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Campo|2009|pp=257–258}} Ereyga mowla wuxuu leeyahay macnayaal kala duwan oo ku xiran xaaladda, oo ay ku jiraan sayid, ilaaliye, xulafo, taageere, iyo mid awood leh. Shiicada dhexdeeda, waxaa loo fahmaa magacaabidda rasmiga ah ee Muxammad uu Cali uga dhigay beddelkiisa. Sunnadu sidoo kale waxay aqbashaa in tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum uu dhacay iyadoo Muxammad uu yiri hadalkaas ku saabsan Cali. Bagse, uma tarjumaan hadalka inuu yahay magacaabidda Cali ee beddelka Muxammad. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay u tarjumaan ereyga mowla xaaladdan inuu u muuqdo saaxiib dhow, taageere, ama mid mudan daacadnimo iyo kalsooni. Sidaas darteed, waxay u arkaan bayaanka inuu yahay caddayn ah xushmadda Muxammad uu u hayay Cali, iyagoo hoos u dhigaya muhiimadda tukhtaanka.

Kalfadhigii Saqiifa wuxuu dhacay obo yar ka dib dhimashadii Muxammad ee 632, halkaas oo Abu Bakar looga doortay beddelkiisa oo uu ku noqday Khaliifkii koowaad. Saqiifa waxay ka mid tahay tukhtaannada ugu muranka badan Islaamka, sababtoo ah ka saarida tiro badan oo ka mid ah Saxaabada Muxammad, oo ay ku jiraan Ahlul Bayt iyo gaar ahaan Cali. Cali iyo tiro badan oo ka mid ah qoyska Muxammad waxay weli ku jireen aasitaanka nabiga markii uu tukhtaanku dhacayay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |doi-access=free |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |eissn=1477-4585 |issn=0002-7189 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the &quot;lord&quot; or &quot;master&quot; of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |issn=0002-7189 |eissn=1477-4585 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the &quot;lord&quot; or &quot;master&quot; of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century. |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Amir-Moezzi |author-first=Mohammad Ali |title=Ghadīr Khumm |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=Third |editor1-first=Kate |editor1-last=Fleet |editor2-first=Gudrun |editor2-last=Krämer |editor3-first=Denis |editor3-last=Matringe |editor4-first=John |editor4-last=Nawas |editor5-first=Devin J. |editor5-last=Stewart |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |year=2014 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |isbn=9789004269613 |author-link=Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay qabaan in Muxammad uu u daayay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee saxaabada inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Cali hore loogu magacaabay beddelka Muxammad ee tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan tukhtaannadii Saqiifa inay ahaayeen kuwo dhaafay xaqiisii beddelka. Dhibaatada beddelka waxay noqotay sababtii ugu horreysay ee qeybsanaanta Muslinka oo keentay soo bixitaanka labada qaybood ee waaweyn ee Islaamka, Sunna iyo Shiica.
=== Islaamka Sunnada ah ===
{{Main|Islaamka Sunnada ah}}
[[File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art mss 0311 fol 190b-191a.jpg|thumb|Faraq-qoraal ah oo [[Saxiix al-Bukhari]] ah oo ka soo jeeda qarnigii 14aad, ururintii ugu horreysay ee [[xadiis]] ee [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Buug]] ee [[Islaamka Sunnada ah]].]]
Islaamka Sunnada ah waa qaybta ugu weyn ee Islaamka iyada oo ah mhabka diimeed ee ugu weyn dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of religious populations {{!}} Largest Religions, Smallest Religions, Lists, Data, &amp; Overview {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-religious-populations|access-date=2025-07-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunni |title=Sunni |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430101807/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Sunni Islam |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2014 |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |access-date=10 January 2010 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005013247/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |date=20101028144120 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Denny-2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Denny |first=Frederick |author-link=Frederick M. Denny |title=Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |page=3 |isbn=978-0199804153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&amp;pg=PA3 |quote=Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90%) of that community. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Lawson |first1=Russell M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_krEEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=islam+based+on+the+teachings+of+muhammad&amp;pg=PA419 |title=Science in the Ancient World: From Antiquity through the Middle Ages |date=23 September 2021 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-7353-9 |page=419 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha &quot;''Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah''&quot;, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;dadka [[Sunnah|sunnada]] (dhaqankii Muxammad) iyo jamacaadka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ahl as-Sunnah |encyclopedia=Islam Ansiklopedisi |publisher=Turkish Diyanet Foundation |location=Istanbul |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |last=Yavuz |first=Yusuf Şevki |date=1994 |volume=10 |pages=525–530 |lang=tr |access-date=28 December 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228114411/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka Sunnada ah mararka qaarkood waxaa loo yaqaanaa &quot;Islaamka Ortodokska ah&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=John Richard Thackrah |title=Dictionary of Terrorism |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135165956 |edition=2, revised |page=252}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation |date=2009 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004172739 |editor1-last=Nasir |editor1-first=Jamal J. |edition=revised |page=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=George W. Braswell |title=What You Need to Know about Islam &amp; Muslims |date=2000 |publisher=B&amp;H Publishing Group |isbn=978-0805418293 |edition=illustrated |page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt; ingawa aqoonyahanada qaar ay u arkaan inaysan habboonayn, iyada oo Sunni-nimada ka baxsan ay dad badan u arki karaan fahan xumaan.&lt;ref&gt;An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: &quot;Sunni: Of or pertaining ''sunna'', especially the ''Sunna'' of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, ''mubtadi'', from ''bid'a'', the contrary of ''sunna'' and so 'innovation'.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Sunnadu waxay adkaynaysaa in Muxammad uusan magacaabin beddel, wuxuuna u dhaafay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee Saqiifa inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay inta badan u noqdaan lixda buug ee xadiiska ee waaweyn arrimaha sharciga, iyagoo u raaca mid ka mid ah afar madhabood ee fiqhiga: [[Hanafi school|Xanafi]], [[Hanbali school|Xanbali]], [[Maliki school|Maaliki]], [[Shafi'i school|Shaafi'i]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|pp=275, 306}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cilmiga tawxiidka ee athariga ah waa madhab Sunni ah oo feker ah, oo uu si weyn ugu doodi jiray Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855 CE), oo lagu garto u noqoshada fahanka qoraalka ah ee Qur'aanka iyo sunnada, aמונה ah in Qur'aanku yahay mid aan la abuurin oo weligeed ah, iyo ka soo horjeeda cilmiga caqliga, ee loo yaqano kalam, marka loo eego arrimaha diinta iyo anshaxa.&lt;ref&gt;Hadi Enayat ''Islam and Secularism in Post-Colonial Thought: A Cartography of Asadian Genealogies'' Springer Publishing, 30 June 2017 {{ISBN|978-3-319-52611-9}} p.48&lt;/ref&gt; Maaturidiyada, oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944 CE), waxay leedahay qoraalka la soo dejiyay looma baahna anshaxa asaasiga ah iyada oo wanaagga iyo xawliga lagu fahmi karo caqliga keligiis,&lt;ref&gt;Rico Isaacs, Alessandro Frigerio ''Theorizing Central Asian Politics: The State, Ideology and Power'' Springer Publishing 2018 {{ISBN|978-3-319-97355-5}} p. 108&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin dadku waxay u noqdaan waxyiga arrimaha ka baxsan fahanka bahaamka. Ash'ariyada, oo uu aasaasay Al-Ashʿarī (c. 874–936), waxay leedahay anshaxu wuxuu ka imaan karaa oo keliya waxyiga rabbaaniga ah laakiin waxay aqbashaa caqliga arrimaha fasiraadda waxayna isku dartaa hababka Mu'tazilada iyo fikradaha athariga.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|1999|p=280}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salafiyadu waa doonis dib u cusboonaysiin ah oo u dooda u noqoshada dhaqankii qgeneration-kii ugu horreeyay ee Muslinka. Qarnigii 18aad, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab wuxuu kexeeyay dhaqdhaqaaq Salafi ah, oo dadka ka baxsan ay u yaqaanaan Wahaabiya, waddanka maanta loo yaqano Sacuudi Carabiya.&lt;ref&gt;Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} page 8&lt;/ref&gt; Dhaqdhaqaaq la mid ah oo loo yaqano Ahl al-Hadith ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigay dhaqanka sharciga Sunniga ah ee qarniyada jiray, iyagoo door biday inay si toos ah u raacaan Qur'aanka iyo Xadiiska. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunniga ah ee Nurcu waxaa aasaasay Said Nursi (1877–1960); wuxuu isku darayaa qaybo ka mid ah Tasawufka iyo sayniska.&lt;ref name=&quot;Svante E. Cornell p. 283&quot;&gt;Svante E. Cornell ''Azerbaijan Since Independence'' M.E. Sharpe {{ISBN| 9780765630049}} p. 283&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Robert W. Hefner ''Shariʻa Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World'' Indiana University Press 2011 {{ISBN|978-0-253-22310-4}} p. 170&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Islaamka Shiicada ah ===
{{Main|Islaamka Shiicada ah}}
[[File:Folio from a Nahj al-Balagha.gif|thumb|Warqad gacan-qoraal ah oo ka timaada Nahj al-Balagha, ee taariikhdeedu tahay 1149 AD. Nahj al-Balagha waa ururin khudbado, waraaqo, iyo hadallo ah oo uu leeyahay Cali. Waxaa loo arkaa inay ka mid tahay kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee suugaanta Carabiga iyada oo ka joogta meel sare Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.]]
Islaamka Shiicada ah waa qaybta labaad ee ugu weyn Islaamka iyo mid ka mid oo ka mid ah mhabada diimeed ee ugu waaweyn dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Field Listing :: Religions |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231326/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=6 July 2010 |access-date=25 October 2010 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population.&quot; ... &quot;Shia Islam represents 10–15% of Muslims worldwide.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sunni |url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614103622/https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs |quote=Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. &quot;Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.&quot;}} Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha &quot;''Shīʿat ʿAlī''&quot;, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;xisbigii Cali&quot;. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Muxammad uu magacaabay ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, Cali, inuu noqdo beddelkiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|title=Shiʿi|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=28 December 2021|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720054917/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Sunni Islam |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa |publisher=MacMillan Reference |editor-last=Philip Mattar |edition=2nd |author1=Tayeb El-Hibri|author2=Maysam J. al Faruqi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cali waxaa ku xigay silsilad Imaamyo ah oo Ilaah magacaabay oo ka soo jeeda qoyska Muxammad ([[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahlul Bayt]]). Mhabka ugu weyn ee Islaamka Shiicada ah, Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, waxay aqoonsan yihiin Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam inay yihiin hoggaamiyeyaasha Ilaah magacaabay, iyadoo ka bilaabanaysa Cali keligiis oo ku dheehanaysa Mahdiga, oo la rumeysan yahay inuu ku jiro qoyanaanta loona fadhiyo inuu dib u soo laabto Dhamaadka Sannadaha si uu u aasaaso caddaalad oo uu caawin doono Ciise. Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu muhiimad gaar ah siiyaa Ahlul Bayt (qoyska Muxammad), kuwaas oo Muslinka Shiicada ah ay u arkaan inay leeyihiin awood diimeed iyo ruhani ah oo Ilaah siiyay. Qur'aanka, teachings-ka Muxammad (Sunnah), iyo Imaamyada waxay samayeeyaan asaaska ugu muhiimsan ee fekerka diimeed iyo fiqhiga Shiicada. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxaa kexeeya madhabka Jacfariyada ee fiqhiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author1=John Corrigan|author2=Frederick Denny|author3=Martin S Jaffee|author4=Carlos Eire |year=2011 |title=Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions |publisher= Cambridge University Press |id=978-0205026340 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururinta ugu muhiimsan ee xadiiska ee Islaamka Shiicada ah waa Afarta Buug ee Sharciga ah, oo loo yaqano Kitab al-Kafi, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, iyo Al-Istibsar.

Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr qaybood, ta ugu weyn oo ugu muhiimsan waxay tahay Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, oo ay ku xigaan qaybaha yar ee Ismaaciiliyad iyo Saydiyad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social and Military History |editor-first1=Spencer C. |editor-last1=Tucker |editor2=Priscilla Mary Roberts |year=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-842-2 |page=917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&amp;pg=PA917 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&amp;pg=PA917 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Iraq Effect: The Middle East After the Iraq War |first=Frederic M. |last=Wehrey |year=2010 |publisher=Rand Corporation |isbn=978-0-8330-4788-5 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&amp;pg=PA91 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024742/https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&amp;pg=PA91#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|author-link=Andrew J. Newman|title=Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-7833-4|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP18|page=2|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501201413/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|archive-date=1 May 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalkii Karbala, oo uu awoowe u ahaa Nabiga oo ahaa Imaamka saddexaad ee Shiicada, Xuseen ibn Cali, si xun loogu dilay oo madaxa looga jaray iyada oo la dilay badanka xubnaha qoyskiisa, wuxuu siiyay Caliyinta aqoonsi diimeed oo u gaar ah wuxuuna ka qaatay door muhiim ah zhuraalka iyo adkaynta ta noqotay Islaamka Shiicada ah. Wuxuu ka joogaa meel dhexe taariikhda Shiicada, dhaqanka, iyo cilmiga tawxiidka, iyadoo inta badan lagu xuso suugaanta Islaamka. Waa mid ka mid ah waqtiyada ugu murugada badan, muhiimka ah, ee lagu garto taariikhda Islaamka. Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, iyo Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad waa saddexda meelood ee ugu xurmada badan ka dib Masjid al-Xaraam ee Makka, Masjid al-Nabawi ee Madiina, iyo Masjid al-Aqsa ee Qudus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sardeg2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Escobar |first=Pepe |date=May 24, 2002 |title=Knocking on heaven's door |url=http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020603155002/http://atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |archive-date=June 3, 2002 |access-date=2006-11-12 |work=Asia Times Online |quote=our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places... first is Mecca... second is Medina... third belongs to our first imam of Shia, Ali, which is in Najaf. The fourth belongs to our third imam, Hussein, in Kerbala. The last one belongs to the daughter of our seventh imam and sister of our eighth imam, who is called Fatemah, and will be buried in Qom. |department=Central Asia/Russia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam sidoo xushmad lagu hayaa Islaamka Sunnada ah dhexdeeda iyagoo ah xubno ka mid ah qoyska Nabiga Muxammad iyo shakhsiyaad muhiim ah oo ku jira taariikhda Islaamka, iyadoo Sunnadu ay booqdaan dhismooyinkooda xushmad darteed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An Iraqi delegation from the Sunni Endowment visited the Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (PBUH).|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/an-iraqi-delegation-from-the-sunni-endowment-visited-the-holy-shrine-of-imam-ali-pbuh|access-date=2026-02-16|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Waziri|first=Adam Isa|date=2022-11-21|title=Sunni Professors, Scholars From Pakistan Visit Imam Husain's Holy Shrine in Karbala » Education Monitor News|url=https://educationmonitornews.com/sunni-professors-scholars-from-pakistan-visit-imam-husains-holy-shrine-in-karbala/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Education Monitor News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arooj|date=2024-02-01|title=Sunni scholars from Turkey express happiness upon visiting holy shrine of Imam Hussein|url=https://shiawaves.com/english/uncategorized/100914-sunni-scholars-from-turkey-express-happiness-upon-visiting-holy-shrine-of-imam-hussein/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Shia Waves|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16|title=Iraqi Sunni Friday prayer leaders visit Imam Reza (AS) holy shrine|url=https://en.hawzahnews.com/news/358808/Iraqi-Sunni-Friday-prayer-leaders-visit-Imam-Reza-AS-holy-shrine|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Hawzah News Agency|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=English Pakistani Sunnis Visit Imam Reza Shrine|url=https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617090149/https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-date=2025-06-17|access-date=2026-02-16|website=ShiaChat.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14|title=Sunni Cleric: Imam Reza Shrine a Center for Unifying Muslims|url=https://en.abna24.com/news/664698/Sunni-Cleric-Imam-Reza-Shrine-a-Center-for-Unifying-Muslims|access-date=2026-02-17|website=ABNA English|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Imam Reza (A.S.) Is the Symbol of Unity among Islamic Sects.|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/imam-reza-as-is-the-symbol-of-unity-among-islamic-sects|access-date=2026-02-17|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{multiple image
| align             = center
| image1            = ImamAliShrine2026.jpg
| width1            = 217
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Ciraaq, waxaa loo arkaa Muslinka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda inuu yahay meesha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka ka dib Makka, Madiina iyo Qudus.
| image2            = حرم الامام الحسين.jpg
| width2            = 218
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, Ciraaq, waa meel aad u xurmo badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.
| width3            = 315
| alt3              = 
| footer            = 
| image3            = ImamReza(A).jpg
| caption3          = Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad, Iiraan, waa masjidhka ugu weyn dunida iyadoo ka mid ah meelaha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.
}}
===== Cibaadiyada =====
{{Main|Muhakkima|Cibaadiyada|Khawaarijta}}

Cibaadiyada waa madhab u gaar ah Islaamka waxaana inta badan loo arkaa qaybta saddexaad ee mhabada Islaamka, oo barbar taagan Islaamka Sunnada ah iyo Islaamka Shiicada ah. Xididdadeedu waxay dib u raacaan go'itaankii Khawaarijta ee ka go'een Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii nabiga Muxammad oo ahaa Imaamkii ugu horreeyay ee Shiicada iyo khaliifkii afaraad ee Khulafo al-Raashidiinta ee Sunnadu. Waxaaba jirta in Cibaadiyiinta casriga ah ay inta badan diadaan in aqiidadooda lagu tilmaamo Khawaarij. Cibaadiyada waxay soo baxday qarniyadii ugu horreeyay ee Islaamka iyadoo ka timaada khilaafaadkii siyaasadeed iyo kuwa tawxiidka ee ku xeernaa Fitnada Koowaad. Dhaqanku wuxuu taariikhiyan u xiran yahay dhaqdhaqaaqii hore ee Muhakkima. Cibaadiyiintu way ka tiro yar yihiin labada mhab ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka, Sunnadu iyo Shiicada. Cibaadiyada waxay weli tahay mid aan si fican u baran dadka ka baxsan, iyadoo ay ku jiraan kuwo aan Muslin ahayn iyo Muslinka Sunnada iyo Shiicada ah.
[[File:Islam branches and schools.png|centre|Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan qaybaha waaweyn iyo mhabada Islaamka]]

===== Qaybaha =====
* Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada waxaa lagu aasaasay Hindiya ee Ingiriisku xukumayay 1889 oo uu aasaasay Mirza Ghulam Ahmad oo ka soo jeeda Qadian, oo sheegtay inuu yahay Masiiyadii la ballanqaaday (&quot;Soo laabashada Labaad ee Ciise&quot;), Mahdiga Muslinku dhowrayaan sidoo kale prophet yar oo raaca nabiga Islaamka Muxammad. Waxaa jira fikrado iyo barashooyin kala duwan oo u gaar ah Axmadiyiinta marka loo eego badanka Muslinka kale, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan fasiraadda cinwaanka Qur'aanka ee Khatam an-Nabiyyin iyo fasiraadda Soo laabashada Labaad ee Masiiyada. deviations-kan loo arko inay ka bixisay fekerka Islaamka ee caadiga ah waxay keeneen in badanka Muslinka ay u arkaan kuwo ka baxay diinta iyo khilaafyada lagu hayo Axmadiyiinta waddamo kala duwan dhexdeeda, gaar ahaan Bakistaan, halkaas oo si rasmi ah looga dhaqangaliyay inaysan Muslin ahayn oo ay dhaqangalisay Xukuumadda Bakistaan. Taabacsanaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Islaamka waxay u qeybsamaan laba kooxood: ta koowaad oo ah Bulshada Muslinka ee Axmadiyada, oo maanta ah kooxda ugu weyn, iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Laahore ee Fafinta Islaamka.
* Calawiyada waa dhaqan Islaam oo doonis leh oo maxalli ah, oo taabacsaneedu ay raacaan barashooyinka qarsoon (bāṭenī) ee Cali iyo Haji Bektash Veli. Calawiyada waa isku dharraaq ka mid ah fikradaha dhaqanka ee Turkiga ee qarnigii 14aad, iyadoo leh xididdo ka imaan kara Tengrism iyo Animism oo barbar socda fikradaha Shiicada iyo Tasawufka. Waxaa la qiyaasay inay jiraan 10 milyan illaa ka badan 20 milyan (~0.5–1% dhammaan Muslinka) oo Calawiyiin ah dunida oo dhan.
* Qur'aaniyuuntu waa dhaqdhaqaaq diimeed ee Islaamka oo ku aasaasan aqiidada ah in sharciga Islaamka iyo xaqiijintu ay tahay oo keliya inay ka timaado Qur'aanka oo aysan ka imaanin sunnada ama Xadiiska, iyadoo Qur'aaniyuuntu ay si muuqata uga kala duwan yihiin habka loo raaco shanta tiro ee Islaamka. Dhaqdhaqaaqu wuxuu soo baxay qarnigii 19aad wixii ka dambeeyay, iyadoo fekerayaal sida Syed Ahmad Khan, Abdullah Chakralawi iyo Ghulam Ahmed Perwez ee Hindiya ay su'aal ka keeneen dhaqanka xadiiska. Ejipt, Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi wuxuu ku qaray maqaalka ''Islaamku waa Qur'aanka keligiis'' majaladda ''Al-Manār'', isagoo u doodayay awoodda keligeed ee Qur'aanka. Qur'aaniyiin muhiim ah oo qarnigii 20aad ee dambe wuxuu ahaa Rashad Khalifa, oo ahaa biokimiko Masri-Ameerikan ah oo sheegtay inuu helay fure tiro oo ku jira Qur'aanka, wuxuuna aasaasay ururka Qur'aaniyiinta ee United Submitters International.
* Mu'tazilada waxay ahayd madhab hore oo cilmiga tawxiidka Islaamka oo lagu garto isticmaalka caqliga, gaar ahaan marka loo eego labada ilo ee ugu horreeya Islaamka, Qur'aanka iyo xadiiska. Madhabtu waxay ku aasaasantaa shanta usool ee waaweyn: tawxiidka, caddaalada rabbaaniga ah, hubaasha ballanqaadyada iyo digniinaha rabbaaniga ah, meel dhexe oo marka loo eego heerka duniyeed ee duntayda waaweyn, iyo waajibka amarrada wanaagsan iyo ka hortaga xumaanta. Ka dib Sunnadu, Mu'taziladu waxay diadeen aragtida dhaqanka ah ee ah in Qur'aanku yahay hadalka aan la abuurin ee Ilaah, waxayna halkaas ka qabteen in Qur'aanku yahay waxyi la abuuray, si loo adkeeyo koodnimada kheyraatka ee Ilaah. Iyagoo adkaynaya isticmaalka caqliga, waxay u doodeen in dookha xorta ah ee bahaamka uu u oggolaado shakhsiyaadka inay doorataan wanaagga ama xumaanta, taas oo ka dhigaysa kuwo mas'uul ka ah eedooda. Bagse saameynta Mu'taziladu waxay hoos u dhacday dhibaatada bulshada iyo siyaasadeed ee ka timaada Sunnadu darteed, reebitaankooda caqliga wuxuu weli yahay mid muhiim ah fekerka casriga ah ee Islaamka.

=== Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn ===
{{Main|Non-denominational Muslim}}

Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn waa eegmo guud oo loo isticmaalo ama ay isticmaalaan Muslimiinta aan ka tirsanayn ama aan isku tilmaamin mhab gaar ah oo Islaam ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Benakis |first=Theodoros |date=13 January 2014 |title=Islamophoobia in Europe! |work=New Europe |location=Brussels |url=http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131145036/http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |archive-date=31 January 2016 |quote=Anyone who has travelled to Central Asia knows of the non-denominational Muslims—those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pollack |first=Kenneth |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=jQGZBAAAQBAJ|page=29}} |title=Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American Strategy |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-4767-3393-7 |page=29 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |quote=Although many Iranian hardliners are Shi'a chauvinists, Khomeini's ideology saw the revolution as pan-Islamist, and therefore embracing Sunni, Shi'a, Sufi, and other, more nondenominational Muslims}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sahanadii ugu dambeeyay waxay ku warramayaan in qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Muslimiinta ka mid ah kuwa ku nool qaybo ka mid ah dunida ay isku tilmaamaan oo keliya Muslim, inkasta oo ay yar tahay falanqaynta la daabacay ee ku saabsan sababaha ka dambeeya jawaabtan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Burns |first=Robert |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=akWUGyN7fwEC|page=55}} |title=Christianity, Islam, and the West |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-7618-5560-6 |page=55 |publisher=University Press of America |quote=40 per cent called themselves &quot;just a Muslim&quot; according to the Council of American-Islamic relations}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tatari |first=Eren |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=x_4QBQAAQBAJ|page=111}} |title=Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets |date=2014 |isbn=978-90-04-27226-2 |page=111 |publisher=BRILL |quote=Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pew Research waxay ku warramaysaa in jawaab-bixiyeyaasha isku tilmaama oo keliya Muslim ay yihiin inta ugu badan ee Muslimiinta ee toddoba waddan (iyo tiro sare saddex kale dhexdeeda), iyadoo heerka ugu sarreeya uu yahay Kasakhstan oo ah 74%. Ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah shan kasta oo Muslim ah ee ugu yaraan 22 waddan wuxuu isku tilmaamaa habkan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=9 August 2012|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|access-date=4 September 2013|website=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Tasawufka ==

=== Suufiyada ===
{{Main|Suufiyada}}

{{See also|Xiriirka Salafiga iyo Suufiga}}
[[File:Mevlana Konya.jpg|thumb|Wareegga Suufiga ee Dhismaha Qabriga Suufiga ee Rumi ee Konya, Turkey.]]
Suufiyada (Carabi: تصوف), waa hab ka mid ah Tasawufka Islaamka oo raadiya in lagu helo khibrad shakhsi ah oo toos ah ee Eebbe. Culimadii hore ee Suufiyadu waxay ku tilmaameen tasawufka &quot;cilmiga ujeeddadiisu tahay sixidda wadnaha iyo ka jeedinta dhammaan wixii kale ee aan Eebbe ahayn&quot;, iyada oo loo marayo &quot;awoodda caqliga iyo sharafta&quot; oo laga joojiyo in lagu tababaro. Ahmad ibn Ajiba wuxuu ku tilmaamay tasawufka &quot;ku laabashada dhaqanka, bilowgiisuna yahay aqoon, dhexdiisuna tahay wax-qabad [aqoontaas ku saabsan], dhammaadkiisuna yahay hadiya [ka timaada Allah].&quot; Ma aha qayb ka mid ah Islaamka, taabacsanaha ayaana ka tirsan mhabada kala duwan ee Muslinka. Ismaaciiliya, oo barashadeedu ku aasaasan tahay Gnosticism iyo Neoplatonism iyadoo ay barbar socdaan madhabaha Illuminationist iyo Isfahan ee falsafadda Islaamka, waxay samaysay fasiraado tasawuf ah oo Islaamka ah. Hasan al-Basri, oo ahaa Suufigii hore oo inta badan loo arko mid ka mid ah Suufiyadii ugu horreysay, wuxuu adkeeyay cabsida ka timaada guuldarrada Eebbe ee adkaysiga. Taa beddekeeda, Suufiyadii dambe ee waaweynayd, sida Mansur Al-Hallaj iyo Jalaluddin Rumi, waxay adkeeyeen diinta ku aasaasan jacyada loo qabo Eebbe. Jacyadaas waxay sidoo kale saameyn ku lahaayeen fanka, iyadoo Rumi uu weli yahay mid ka mid ah gabayaaga ugu iibka badan Ameerika. [[File:Sema ceremony many.jpg|thumb|Suufiyada ee Turkey.]]Suufiyadu waxay u arkaan tasawufka qayb aan ka go'in Islaamka. Suufiyadii dhaqanka ahayd, sida Bayazid Bastami, Jalaluddin Rumi, Haji Bektash Veli, Junaid Baghdadi, iyo Al-Ghazali, waxay u doodeen in Suufiyadu ku aasaasan tahay usoolka Islaamka iyo barashooyinka nabiga. Taariikhyahan Nile Green wuxuu u dooday in Islaamka qarniyadii dhexe uu ahaa wax yar ama ka badan Suufiyada. Taabacsanaha dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunnada ee dib-u-soocida ee loo yaqaano Salafiyada waxay u arkeen dhaqannada jacyada ee caanka ah, sida weyneynta awliyada Suufiga, inay yihiin cusbooneysiin ka timaada diintii hore. Salafiyiintu inta badan waxay weerareen Suufiyada, taas oo keentay xumaanshaha xiriirka Suufiga iyo Salafiga. Ururrada Suufiga waxay samayskaan dariiqooyin ku xeeran macallin (wali) oo raaca xiriir ruuxi ah oo dib u raaca Muxammad. Suufiyadu waxay kaqaateen door muhiim ah samaynta bulshooyinka Muslinka iyaga oo loo marayo dhaqdhaqaaqyada baahinta iyo waxbarashada. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Ahle Sunnat ama Barelvi ee uu saameeyay Tasawufku wuxuu sheegtaa in ka badan 200 milyan oo taabacsane ku leeyahay Koonfurta Aasiya. Suufiyadu waxay muhiim ku tahay Aasiyada Dhexe, iyo sidoo kale waddamada Afrika sida Tuniisiya, Aljeeriya, Marooko, Senejaal, Chaad iyo Nayjar.
== Sharciga iyo Fiqhiga ==

=== Shariicada ===
{{Main|Shariicada|Fiqhiga}}

{{See also|Mantiqa ee Falsafadda Islaamka#Sharciga Islaamka iyo Cilmiga Tawxiidka}}
[[File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|Madhabaha sharciga Islaamka ee Dunida Muslinka.]]
Shariicada waa tan ka kooban sharciga diinta Islaamka. Doonista ah in la tilmaamo oo lagu ogaado sharciyada hab dhammaystiran oo is-waafaqsan waxay keentay horumarinta aragtida sharciga, oo loo yaqaano fiqhi. Taa beddekeeda, bidco waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo cusbooneysiinta sharciga ka baxsan ee arrimaha diinta. Dhabbooyinka kala duwan, ee loo yaqaano usoolka fiqhiga, ayaa horumaray oo madhabka sharciga ee ka soo baxa dhabbo ku xeeran waxaa loo yaqaanaa madhab. Is-waafaqidda raacda go'aannada khabiir diimeed ama madhab waxaa loo yaqaanaa taqliid. Shuruudda ghayr muqallid waxay u tilmaamaysaa kuwa aan isticmaalin taqliidka iyo, sii dheeraanteeda, aan lahayn madhab. Dhaqanka shakhsigu ku fasirayo sharciga caqliga xor ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa ijtixaad. Kuwa fasira shariicada waxaa loo yaqaanaa muftiyo oo ra'yigooda sharciga ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa fatwo.
[[File:'Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa'di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Gabayaaga Saadi Shirazi iyo darwiish waxay u socdaan inay khilaafkooda ku dhameeyaan xakim hortiis, farta qarnigii 16aad oo ka timaada Iiraan.]]
Ilaaha koowaad ee Shariicadu waa Qur'aanka iyo Sunnada. Ilaa saddexaad oo caani ah waa qiyaas (caqli analoji ah) oo loo isticmaalo dhibcooyinka sharciga ah ee aan si toos ah loogu faahfaahin Qur'aanka ama Sunnada. Isku-barbardhigga ayaa la raadiyaa si loo helo illah, ama sababta halkan ku jirta, oo ah sababta ka dambeysa xukunkii hore. Tusaale ahaan, reebitaanka gaarka ah ee khamriga waxaa ka soo baxaya reebitaanka guud ee alkoolka maadaama ay wadaagayaan sababta shaqaynaysa ee loo gartay inay tahay dabeecadda ma zeexisa ee dhammaan cabitaannada alkoolka ah. Madhabka Saahiriga wuxuu adkeeyay saafinimada tooska ah oo sidaas darteed wuxuu diaday qiyaaska. Is-afgaradka ra'yiga waa ijmaac, iyadoo ikhtilaafku u tilmaamayo khilaafka culimada. Xukunnadu waxay ficillada u kala saaraan mid ka mid ah shan qaybood oo loo yaqaano axkaam: farad, mustaxab, mubaah, makruuh, iyo xaraam.

Xilliga casriga ah, sharciyada dambiyada ee ku aasaasan shariicada waxaa inta badan beddelay sharciyo ka yimid moodellada Yurub. Cilmiga dib-u-soocida ee Tanzimat ee Qarnigii 19aad ee Dowladdii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu keenay koodka madaniga ee Mecelle wuxuuna ka dhigan yahay dadaalkii ugu horreeyay ee lagu koodiyeeyo shariicada. Iyadoo Dastuurada badanka states-ka Muslinku u badan yihiin ay ku jiraan tilmaamo ku saabsan shariicada, xeerarkeeda dhaqanka ah waxaa inta badan lagu reebay oo keliya sharciyada heerka shakhsiga (famlida). Hay'adaha sharciga ah oo koodiyeeyay sharciyaddan waxay raadiyeen inay casriyeeyaan iyagoon ka tageyn aasaaskooda fiqhiga dhaqanka ah. Dib-u-soocida Islaamka ee qarnigii 20aad ee dambe waxay keentay baaqyo ka yimid dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiyiinta oo ku saabsan fulinta dhammaystiran ee shariicada. Doorka shariicadu wuxuu noqday mowduuc lagu tartamo dunida oo dhan. Waxaa jira doodaha socda oo ku saabsan in shariicadu ay la waafaqsan tahay foomamka cilmaani ee xukuumadda, xuquuqda aadanaha, xorriyadda fekerka, iyo xuquuqda dumarka darteed meelaha ay ka mid yihiin faafreebka iyo doonaanta.
== Bulshada ==
=== Shakhsiyaadka diinta ===
{{Main|Culumada}}
[[File:Maqamat_hariri.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Culimada ku sugan maktabadda Cabbaasiyiinta, Maqamat al-Hariri. Farta uu qray Yahyá al-Wasiti, Baqdaad, 1237 AD.]]
Islaamku maleho wadaado ah macnaha sacerdotalism, sida baaddariyada oo kale oo dhex-dhexaadiya Eebbe iyo dadka. Imaam (Carabi: إمام) waa cinwaanka diinta oo loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo booska hoggaaminta Islaamka, inta badan marka loo eego samaynta adeegga cibaadada Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Imam|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/imam|access-date=15 January 2023|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fasiraadda diinta waxaa hoggaamiya culumada (Carabi: علماء), oo ah shuruud loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo kooxda culimada Muslinka ah ee helay tababarka barashada Islaamka. Caalimka xadiiska waxaa loo yaqaanaa muxaddith, caalimka fiqhiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa faqeeh (Carabi: فقيه), qaanuun-yaqaanka u qalma inuu soo saaro ra'yiga sharciga ah ama fatwooyinka waxaa loo yaqaanaa mufti, qadi-yuna waa xakim Islaam ah. Cinwaannada sharafta leh ee la siiyo culimada waxaa ka mid ah sheekh, mulla iyo mawlawi. Muslinka qaar ka mid ah waxay sidoo kale weyneeyaan awliyada u xiran karaamooyinka (Carabi: كرامات).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Radtke |first1=B. |last2=Lory |first2=P. |last3=Zarcone |first3=Th. |last4=DeWeese |first4=D. |last5=Gaborieau |first5=M. |last6=Denny |first6=F. M. |last7=Aubin |first7=F. |last8=Hunwick |first8=J. O. |last9=Mchugh |first9=N. |title=Walī |orig-year=1993 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Bearman |editor1-first=P. J. |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-link=Thierry Bianquis |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-first=C. E. |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor4-first=E. J. |editor4-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-first=W. P. |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill Publishers |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335 |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Maamulka ===

{{See also|Siyaasadda iyo Islaamka|Dhaqaalaha Islaamka|Qaanuunka ciidanka ee Islaamka|Tasaamuxa|Jihaadka}}
[[File:Ali and Aisha at the Battle of the Camel.jpg|thumb|Xaasidii Muxammad, Caasha, oo la dagaallamaysa Cali.]]
Fiqhiga dhaqaalaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, kaydsiga hantida si xad-dhaaf ah waa lagu necbyahay, sidaas darteedna dhaqanka maalgashiga monobooliga ah waa laga hoos eegaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iqbal2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Iqbal | first1 = Zamir | last2 = Mirakhor | first2 = Abbas | last3 = Krichenne | first3 = Noureddine | last4 = Askari | first4 = Hossein | title = The Stability of Islamic Finance: Creating a Resilient Financial Environment | location = Singapore | publisher = John Wiley &amp; Sons | year = 2010 | language = en | isbn = 978-0-470-82518-1 | p = 75}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadaallada lagu waafajinayo shariicada waxay keeneen horumarinta bangiyada Islaamka. Islaamku wuxuu reebaa ribada, oo inta badan loo turjumo faa'iido si aan caddaalad ahayn ku timaada ganacsiga, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo faa'iidada ribada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Riba |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |year=n.d. |last1= Schacht|first1=Joseph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taa beddekeeda, bangiyada Islaamku waxay iskaashi la sameeyaan amaanadaha, iyagoo labaduba wadaagaya faa'iidada iyo qasaaraha ka soo baxa mashruuca. Shuruud kale waa ka fogaanshaha hubaal-la'aanta, oo loo arko saqajaan (khumaar), bangiyada Islaamkuna dhaqan ahaan waxay ka fogaadaan aaladaha la soocay sida mustaqbalka ama doorashooyinka, taas oo taariikhiyan ka ilaalisay hoos u dhaca suuqyada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Foster|first=John |date=1 December 2009|title=How Islamic finance missed heavenly chance|work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8388644.stm|access-date=13 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Domat|first=Chloe|date=20 October 2020|title=What Is Islamic Finance And How Does It Work?|work=Global Finance magazine|url=https://www.gfmag.com/topics/blogs/islamic-finance-faq-what-islamic-finance-and-how-does-it-work|access-date=13 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Khulafadii Raashidiinta iyo Dowladdii Umawiyiinta waxay ku lug lahaayeen qaybinta sadaqada ee ka timaada qasnadda dowladda, oo loo yaqaano Bayt al-maal, ka hor inta aysan noqon dadaal shakhsi ah meelaha sannadkii 720. Khaliifkii ugu horreeyay, Abu Bakar, wuxuu u qaybiyay sakada sida tusaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee dakhliga ugu yar ee la dammaanad qaado, iyadoo muwaaddin kasta uu helayay 10 illaa 20 dirham sannadkiiba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Merchant, Brian |date=14 November 2013 |title=Guaranteeing a Minimum Income Has Been a Utopian Dream for Centuries |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/guaranteeing-a-minimum-income-has-been-a-utopian-dream-for-centuries/ |access-date=3 June 2019 |website=VICE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waagii maamulkii khaliifkii labaad ee Cumar, taageerada carruurta ayaa la soo bandhigay, kuwa da'da ah iyo kuwa nafedana waxay xaq u lahaayeen mushaar,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Al-Buraey |first=Muhammad |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=lT8OAAAAQAAJ|page=}} |title=Administrative Development: An Islamic Perspective |publisher=KPI |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-7103-0059-1 |pages=252–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Akgündüz |first1=Ahmed |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=EnT_zhqEe5cC|page=539}} |title=Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths |last2=Öztürk |first2=Said |publisher=IUR Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |pages=539– |access-date=7 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo khaliifkii Umawiyiinta ee Cumar II uu u qoondeeyay adeego dhagool kasta iyo labadii qafis ee xanuunsan oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Al-Jawzi|first1=Ibn |url=|title=The Biography and Virtues of Omar Bin Abd al-Aziz – The Ascetic Caliph |publisher=IUR Press |year=2001 |isbn= |page=130 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Saladin the Victorious.jpg|thumb|Salaxaddiin Guuleystaha, uu qray Gustave Doré.]]
Jihaad wuxuu macnehiisu yahay &quot;dadaal ama ilaa qabasho [dhabada Eebbe]&quot;, macnehiisa ugu ballaaranina waa &quot;awoodda, dadaalka, ama awoodda ugu dambeysa oo lagu bixiyo la dagaallanka shay laga xumaado&quot;. Shiicadu gaar ahaan waxay adkeeyaan &quot;jihaadka weyn&quot; oo ah dadaalka lagu gaarayo wanaajinta nafta ee ruuxiga ah iyadoo &quot;jihaadka yar&quot; loo tilmaamo dagaalka. Marka loo isticmaalo sidaas oo keliya, jihaadka inta badan waxaa loo fahmaa foomkiisa ciidanka. Jihaadku waa foomka keliya ee dagaalka ee loo oggol yahay sharciga Islaamka, waxaana lagu dhawaaqi karaa ka dhan ah ujeedooyinka aan sharciyaysnayn, argagixisada, kooxaha dambiyada, reebleyaasha, murtadiinta, iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha ama dowladaha dhibta Muslinka. Badanka Muslinka maanta waxay u fasiraan Jihaadka oo keliya foom دفاع ah oo dagaalka ah. Jihaadku wuxuu oo keliya noqdaa waajib shakhsi ah kuwa la siiyay awoodda. Dadka kale oo dhan, tani waxay dhacdaa oo keliya marka ay jirto diyaargarow guud. Badanka Shiicada Isnaashariyada, jihaadka weerarka ah waxaa oo keliya lagu dhawaaqi karaa hoggaamiye Eebbe uu doortay oo ee bulshada Muslinka ah, sidaas darteedna, wuu hakad ku jiraa tan iyo gaabinta Muxammad al-Mahdi ee sannadkii 868 CE.
=== Nolosha maanta iyo tan aabbanimada/qoyska ===
{{See also|Edabta (Islaamka)|Cuntada reebban ee Islaamka|Islaamka iyo carruurta|Guurka Islaamka|Dumarka Islaamka|Guurka badan ee Islaamka}}
[[File:Salat Eid al-Fitr, Tehran (113344343).jpg|thumb|Haweenay Iiraani ah oo xiran astaan Islaami ah (Xijaab).]]
Cilmiga edabta ee maalinlaha ah wuxuu ku jiraa qaybta edabta, ama hab-dhaqanka. Cuntooyinka si gaar ah loo reebay waxaa ka mid ah hเนื้อ Doofaarka, dhiigga iyo bakhtiga. Caafimaadka waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timaada Eebbe, waxyaabaha maaddada ah ee maaddada maanka dooriya, sida cabitaannada alkoolka ah, waa kuwo reebban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Fahd Salem Bahammam|title=Food and Dress in Islam: An explanation of matters relating to food and drink and dress in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRojJ7lnb18C&amp;pg=PP1|publisher=Modern Guide|isbn=978-1-909322-99-8|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhammaan hเนื้อ waa inay ka timaadaa xayawaan geed-daaq ah oo loo qashay magaca Eebbe oo uu qashay Muslin, Yuhuudi, ama Christian, marka laga reebo ugaarta uu qofku ugaarsaday ama kaluumaysay maankiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Curtis|2005|p=164}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|p=111}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Slaughter |first=Ersilia |last=Francesca |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garaha inta badan waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa ragga sida shay dabiici ah&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=De Sondy |first=Amanullah  |date=28 January 2016|title=The relationship between Muslim men and their beards is a tangled one|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/28/muslim-men-beards-facial-hair-islam |access-date=7 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo isbeddellada jirka, sida peenijka joogtada ah (sawirka jidhka), inta badan waa reebban iyadoo laga baqayo inay kharribaan ubaahda u go'an.{{efn|Muslinka qaar ka mid ah Shiinaha waagii boqortooyada waxay ka horyimaadeen xiridda cagaha gabdhaha sababtaas oo kale darteed.}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |title=Are Muslims Allowed to Get Tattoos? |website= |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=8 Bisha Saddexaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308040238/https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xariirta iyo dahabka waa reebban yihiin ragga Islaamka dhexdiisa si loo dhowro xaaladda miyir-qabka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Glassé |first1=Cyril |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |page=158 |language=en|year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haya, oo inta badan loo turjumo &quot;xishood&quot;, mararka qaar waxaa loo tilmaamaa dabeecadda hoose ee Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Zine |first1=Jasmin |last2=Babana-Hampton |first2=Safoi |last3=Mazid |first3=Nergis |last4=Bullock |first4=Katherine |last5=Chishti |first5=Maliha |title=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:4 |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JM4DwAAQBAJ&amp;q=haya+islam&amp;pg=PA59 |access-date=4 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna hagaa badanka nolosha maalinlaha ah ee Muslinka. Tusaale ahaan, dharka Islaamka dhexdiisa wuxuu adkeeyaa heerka xishoodka, oo ay ku jirto xijaabka haweenka. Sidoo kale, nadaafadda shakhsiga ah waa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa shuruudo gaar ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |access-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114153249/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |archive-date=14 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Muslim Couple (cropped).jpg|thumb|Saddex laba oo Muslin ah oo ka socda Indoneesiya.]]
Guurka Islaamka dhexdiisa, ninka arooska ah waxaa lagu leeyahay inuu bixiyo meherka aroosadda (mahar).&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=93–96}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=339}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|1998|p=79}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qoysaska badankood ee dunida Islaamka waxay leeyihiin hal xaas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Newby |first=Gordon D. |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00newb |title=A concise encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=Oneworld |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-85168-295-9 |location=Oxford |page=141}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionhis00nasr_0/page/68 |title=Islam : religion, history, and civilization |publisher=HarperOne |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-06-050714-5 |location=New York |page=68}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ragga Muslinka ah waxaa loo oggol yahay inay sameeyaan guurka badan waxayna yeelan karaan illaa afar xaas oo isku mar ah. Waxbarashada Islaamku waxay si adag uga baqaysaa inay adkayso in haddii ninku uusan dammaanad qaadi karin taageerada maaliyadeed iyo ta ruuxiga ah oo siman xaasaskiisa mid kasta, waxaa la dhiirri-geliyaa inuu guursado hal haweenay oo keliya. Sabab lagu tilmaamay guurka badan ayaa ah inay ninka u oggolaato inuu siiyo ilaalin maaliyadeed haween badan, oo laga yaabo inaysan helin taageero kale (tusaale, carrooyinka). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaska ugu horreysa waxay shuruud ku xiri kartaa heshiiska guurka in ninku uusan guursan karin haweenay kale inta ay guursan yihiin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Ratno Lukito|title=Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbridgeable|page=81|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/fatwa/ShowFatwa.php?lang=A&amp;Id=18444&amp;Option=FatwaId |title=IslamWeb |publisher=IslamWeb |date=7 February 2002 |access-date=13 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa sidoo kale jira kala duwanaansho dhaqameed oo aroosyo ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Gai |url=https://archive.org/details/rememberinggodre0000eato |title=Remembering God: Reflections on Islam |publisher=The Islamic Texts Society |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-946621-84-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=92–93}}&lt;/ref&gt; Polyandry, oo ah dhaqan ay haweenaydu ku guursato laba ama ka badan oo ragg ah, waa ku reebban Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Why Can't a Woman have 2 Husbands? |url=http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |access-date=27 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223012707/http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |archive-date=23 December 2015 |website=14 Publications}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:عکس های مراسم ترتیل خوانی یا جزء خوانی یا قرائت قرآن در ایام ماه رمضان در حرم فاطمه معصومه در شهر قم 20.jpg|thumb|Gabdhaha Muslinka ah oo baranaya Qur'aanka lagu dul dhigay rehalada xilliga Ramadaanka ee Qom, Iiraan.]]
Aadada dhalashada ubadka ka dib, adhaanka waxaa lagu dhawaaqaa dhegta midig. Maalinta todobaad, xafladda caqiiqada ayaa la sameeyaa, oo xayawaan lagu qalo oo hantiisa loo qaybiyo masaakiinta. Madaxa ubadka waa la xiiraa, oo lacag la eg miisaanka dhagaha waxaa loo deeqaa masaakiinta. Gudniinka raga, oo loo yaqaano khitaan, inta badan waa lagu dhaqmaa dunida Muslinka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |year=2014 |title=Khitān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127165754/https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |archive-date=27 January 2020 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=January 2017 |title=Reported Male Circumcision Practices in a Muslim-Majority Setting |journal=BioMed Research International |publisher=Hindawi Publishing Corporation |volume=2017 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2017/4957348 |pmc=5282422 |pmid=28194416 |doi-access=free |author1-last=Anwer |author1-first=Abdul Wahid |author2-last=Samad |author2-first=Lubna |author3-last=Baig-Ansari |author3-first=Naila |author4-last=Iftikhar |author4-first=Sundus}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=13 August 2009 |title=Islam: Circumcision of boys |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112170938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |archive-date=12 November 2012 |access-date=27 May 2020 |work=Religion &amp; ethics—Islam |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xaq-dhowridda iyo addeecidda waalidiinta, iyo daryeelidooda gaar ahaan markay da'da yihiin waa waajib diini ah.

Muslinka dhimanaya waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa inuu dhawaaqo Shahaadada si ay u noqoto hadalkiisa ugu dambeeya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| isbn = 9783643900678| title =Changing European Death Ways| location = Austria| year = 2013| last1=Mathijssen| first1=Brenda|last2=Venhorst|first2=Claudia|last3=Venbrux|first3=Eric|last4=Quartier|first4=Thomas| url =| page = 265 |publisher=Lit }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xaq-dhowridda kii dhintay iyo ka qaybgalka jinaasooyinka ee bulshada dhexdeeda waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ficillada wanaagsan. Caadooyinka aasidda Islaamka, aasidda waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa si dhakhso ah oo ugu macquulsan, inta badan 24 saac dhexdeeda. Meydka waa la dhaqaa, marka laga reebo shuhadada, oo ay dhaqaan kuwo labka ah oo isku jinsi ah waxaana lagu duubaa dhar aan adkayn oo loo yaqaano kafan. Salaadda jinaasada oo loo yaqaano Salat al-Janazah ayaa la tukadaa. Qaylada ama ooyinta weyn ee baroorgaaga ah waa laga fogaadaa. Sanduuqyada aaska inta badan la ma doorbido oo qabrida inta badan calaamad maleho, xata boqorada.
=== Dhaqanka ===
{{Main|Dhaqanka Islaamka}}

{{See also|Farshaxanka Islaamka|Dhismaha Islaamka|Suugaanta Islaamka|Islaamka iyo kubbadda cagta|Muslinka Dhaqanka}}
[[File:Chinese-style minaret of the Great Mosque 2023.jpg|thumb|Minaaradda qaabka Shiinaha ee Masaajidka Weyn ee Xi'an, oo ka mid ah masaajidda ugu ee Shiinaha ee la dhisay 742 AD.]]
Erayga &quot;dhaqanka Islaamka&quot; waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee u gaarka ah diinta, sida ciidaha iyo dharka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si dood ku jirto oo loogu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee dadka Muslinka ah ee dhaqanka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Melikian |first=Souren |author-link=Souren Melikian |date=4 November 2011 |title='Islamic' Culture: A Groundless Myth |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/05/arts/05iht-rartmelikian05.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugudambeyntii, &quot;ilbaxnimada Islaamka&quot; waxay sidoo kale u tilmaami kartaa dhinacyada dhaqanka isku-dhafka ah ee Khilafaadkii hore, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa aan Muslinka ahayn, mararka ka mid ahna loo yaqaano &quot;Islaamiga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Wiley| isbn = 9781405155144| title =Islamicate Cosmopolitan Spirit | location = United Kingdom| year = 2021| last=Lawrence| first=Bruce| url =| page = xii| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt; Farshaxanka Islaamku wuxuu ka kooban yahay farshaxanka muuqaalka ah oo ay ku jiraan ilo kala duwan sida dhismaha, farta qurxoon, sawirka, iyo dhoobada, iyo kuwo kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ettinghausen |first1=Richard |first2=Oleg |last2=Grabar |first3=Marilyn |last3=Jenkins-Madina |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300088670/page/3 |title=Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-300-08869-8 |edition=2nd |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Suarez|first=Michael F.|title=The Oxford companion to the book|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780198606536|location=Oxford and New York|pages=331ff|chapter=38 The History of the Book in the Muslim World|oclc=50238944}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo sameynta sawirrada noolaha inta badan ka laga fogaado oo u xiran sharciyada ka dhanka ah sanam-caabudidda, shuruuddan waxaa u fasiray ilo kala duwan culimo kala duwan iyo xilliyo taariikhi ah oo kala duwan.
[[File:Masjid Menara Kudus.jpg|thumb|Masaajidka Menara Kudus ee qarnigii 16aad ee Indoneesiya, oo muujinaya saamaynta Hindiya.]]
Xaddidaaddan waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu fashilo badnaanta farta qurxoon, joomatariya isku-dhafka ah, iyo qaababka sida ilaha muhiimka ah ee dhaqanka farshaxanka Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Salim Ayduz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=or-6BwAAQBAJ&amp;q=islamic+art+idolatry+geometry&amp;pg=PA263 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam |last2=Ibrahim Kalin |last3=Caner Dagli |date=2014 |page=263|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-981257-8 |quote=Figural representation is virtually unused in Islamic art because of Islam's strong antagonism of idolatry. It was important for Muslim scholars and artists to find a style of art that represented the Islamic ideals of unity (''tawhid'') and order without figural representation. Geometric patterns perfectly suited this goal.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa sii dheer, sawirka Muxammad waa arrin dood ka jirto dhexdeeda Muslinka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|jstor=860736| title = An Indian Picture of Muhammad and His Companions
| author = T. W. Arnold| journal = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
| author-link = T. W. Arnold| date = June 1919| volume = 34| issue = 195
| publisher = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 34, No. 195.
| pages = 249–252}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, dhaqanka kala duwan wuxuu muujinayaa saamayn sida dhismaha Islaamka ee Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Isbaanishka sida Masaajidka Weyn ee Kairouan oo ka kooban tiirar marmar iyo borfiri ah oo ka yimid dhismayaashii Roomaanka iyo Bizantiinta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Isichei |first=Elizabeth Allo |url={{Google books|LgnhYDozENgC|page=PA175|keywords=mosque%20kairouan%20roman columns|text=mosque+kairouan+roman+columns|plainurl=yes}} |title=A history of African societies to 1870 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-45599-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=175 |access-date=6 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo masaajidda Indoneesiya inta badan leeyihiin saqafyo heerarka badan leh oo ka yimid qaabka dhaladka ah ee Jafa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Gunawan |last=Tjahjono |title=Indonesian Heritage-Architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/architecture00indo/page/88 |year=1998 |publisher=Archipelago Press |location=Singapore |isbn=981-3018-30-5 |pages=88–89 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taariikhda Islaamku waa taariikhda dayaxa oo ka bilaabanta Hijrada 622 CE, oo ah taariikh oo la sheegay inuu doortay Khaliif Cumar maadaama ay ahayd meel isbeddel muhiim ah u ahayd Muxammad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Muslim-calendar|title=Islamic calendar|website=www.britannica.com|date=|access-date=8 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maalmaha barakaysan ee Islaamku waxay ku beegan yihiin taariikho go'an oo ee taariikhda dayaxa, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay dhacaan xilliyo kala duwan sannado kala duwan oo ee taariikhda Miilaadiga. Ciidaha ugu muhiimsan Islaamka waa Ciidul Fitri (Carabi: عيد الفطر) ee 1-da Shawaal, oo calaamad u ah dhammaadka bisha soomanaanta ee Ramadaan, iyo Ciidul Adxa (Carabi: عيد الأضحى) ee 10-ka Dhul-Hijjah, oo ku beegan dhammaadka Xajka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher =Oxford University Press| isbn =9780195165203| title =The Islamic World: Past and Present| year = 2004| last=Esposito| first=John| pages = 75–76 |ref=none}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.britannica.com-2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|title=Pillars of Islam &amp;#124; Islamic Beliefs &amp; Practices &amp;#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|date=3 May 2023|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905102524/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Dhaqanka waa shakhsiyaad aan cibaadaysaneyn oo wali lagu aqoonsado Islaamka iyadoo laga duulayo asalka qoyska, dhiirrigelinta shakhsiga ah, ama deegaanka bulshada iyo dhaqanka ee ay ku doorteen inay ku koran.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first1= Cara|last1= Aitchison|author1-link= Cara Aitchison|first2= Peter E.|last2= Hopkins|author3-link= Mei-Po Kwan|author3= Mei-Po Kwan|title= Geographies of Muslim Identities: Diaspora, Gender and Belonging|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DRnthQxB8lYC&amp;pg=PA147|access-date= 30 June 2013|year= 2007|publisher= Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn= 978-1-4094-8747-0|pages=147}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice|first=G. Hussein|last= Rassool|year= 2015| isbn=9781317441250| page =10|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_QsCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Muslims+who+are+religiously+unobservant,+secular+or+irreligious+individuals+who+still+identify+with+the+Muslim&amp;pg=PA10|quote=The label 'Cultural Muslim' is used in the literature to describe those Muslims who are religiously unobservant, secular or irreligious individuals who still identify with the Muslim culture due to family background, personal experiences, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up... For Cultural Muslim the declaration of faith is superficial and has no effect of their religious practices.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Siyaasada===
[[File:Scotusnfrieze.jpeg|thumb|Muxammad oo lagu muujiyay Adolph Alexander Weinman ee Dhismaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka ee Washington, DC isagoo wada seef iyo Qur'aan.]]
Qayb badan oo ka mid ah qarnigii 20aad, aqoonsiga Islaamka iyo maamulka Islaamka ee arrimaha siyaasadda ayaa kordhay horraantii qarnigii 21aad. Siyaasadda Islaamka waa fasiraadda Islaamka oo loo arko il ka mid ah aqoonsiga iyo wax-qabadka siyaasadeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Voll|first1=John O.|last2=Sonn|first2=Tamara|title=Political Islam|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/id/obo-9780195390155-0063|journal=Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets|year=2009|language=en|doi=10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0063|access-date=2017-05-26|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223165247/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0063.xml|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay u doodaysaa dhisidda dawladda iyo bulshada sida ku cad (fahamka u doodayaasha) mabaadi'da Islaamka, halkaas oo Islaamku u shaqeeyo il ka mid ah jagooyinka iyo fikradaha siyaasadeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;Krämer, Gudrun. &quot;Political Islam.&quot; In Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 6. Edited by Richard C. Martin, 536–540. New York: Macmillan, 2004. [http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam via Encyclopedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713072425/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam|date=2018-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=March|first1=Andrew F.|title=Political Islam: Theory|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|date=2015|volume=18|issue=1|pages=103–123|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141250|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siyaasadda Islaamka waxaa muriyaal ka dhex jira iyo kuwa ka baxsan tacliinta guud ahaan ugu adeegsadaan si isku mid ah ereyga Islaamiyadda,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; waxaana loo haystaa inuu yahay cunsur siyaasadeed oo ka mid ah Soo-reenka Islaamka oo bilaabmay qarnigii 20aad,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa oo kaliya nooc kasta oo wax-qabad siyaasadeed oo ay sameeyaan Muslimiintu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale jirey dadaallo cusub oo lagu kala saarayo Islaamiyadda oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo ku basada diinta iyo siyaasadda Islaamka oo ah faham qaran oo casri ah oo ku saabsan Islaamka oo ay wadaagaan jilayaasha cilmaaniga ah iyo kuwa Islaamiga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jocelyne Cesari|year=2018|title=What Is Political Islam|url=https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.rienner.com|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-1-62637-692-2|archive-date=2023-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106160415/https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kooxaha dhowr ah oo ku yaala Bariga Dhexe ayaa u kaftamay inay fikradaha casriynta ku xiraan faragelinta boqortooyadii gumaadkeedii. Wadamada Muslimka ah ee dhowr ah, gaar ahaan Masar iyo Bakistaan, dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo lid ku ah oo u janjeera dhanka diinta ayaa salka ku dhigtay. Sababaha waa kuwo dhinacyo badan leh. Burburkii Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu ahaa dhacdo baaxad weyn oo dhalisay gariirro badan. Gobolku wuxuu la kulmay jahwareer sannado badan maadaama waddamada Carabtu ay hoos tageen saamaynta dhaqanka iyo guulaystayaasha waddamada Yurub. Dhanka cadaadiska dhaqanka oo kordhayay Muslimiintu waxay adkeeyeen aqoonsigooda qaran iyo dhaxalkooda dhaqan, kooxaha qaar waxay ugafeen dhinacyada diinta. Masar dhexdeeda daciifnimada Muslimiinta waxaa lagu eedeeyay u kuปฏิบัตitaanka liidata ee qoraallada diinta. Sida ku cad Hassan al-Banna, dhaqanka Yurub wuxuu ahaa mid maaddiyad ku dhisan, anshax xumo ah oo ku batay ku-tagri-falka heerarka bulshada iyo ribada.

=== Sugaanta ===
{{Main|Islaamiga}}
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Shaqada ugu caansan ee khayaaliga ah ee ka timi dunida Islaamka waa Kumaan iyo Hal Habeen, oo ah ururin sheekooyin hoose/folklore oo ka soo jeeda Sanskriit, Faarisi, iyo ka dib fables Carab ah. Fikradda waxaa saameeyay nooc ka horreeyay Islaamka oo Faarisi ah oo loo yaqaannay Hezār Afsān (Kumaan Sheeko) oo ku tiirsanaa walxaha Hindida ee gaarka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Marzolph|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|title=Arabian Nights|year=2007|publisher=Brill|volume=I|location=Leiden}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay gaadhay foomkeeda ugu dambeeyay qarnigii 14aad; tirada iyo nooca sheekooyinku waxay ku kala duwanaayeen farta gacanta mid ka mid ah mid kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;arabianNights&quot;&gt;Grant &amp; Clute, p. 51&lt;/ref&gt; Shaqadan waxay saameyn weyn ku lahayd Galbeedka tan iyo markii loo turjumay qarnigii 18aad, markii ugu horreysay oo uu turjumay Antoine Galland.&lt;ref&gt;L. Sprague de Camp, Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy, p. 10 {{ISBN|0-87054-076-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku-dayasho ayaa lagu qray, gaar ahaan Faransiiska.&lt;ref name=&quot;arabianNights2&quot;&gt;Grant &amp; Clute, p 52&lt;/ref&gt; Jilayaal kala duwan oo ka socda epik-kan ayaa iyaguna noqday calaamado dhaqameed ee dhaqanka Galbeedka, sida Aladdiin, Sindibad Nawaakhida iyo Cali Baba. Tusaale ka mid ah tixda Carabiga iyo tixda Faarisiga oo ku saabsan jacaylka waa Layla iyo Majnuun, oo dib u dhaceysa xilligii Umawiyiinta ee qarnigii 7aad. Waa sheeko naxdin leh oo ku saabsan jacayl aan dhimanayn. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, oo ah epik-ka qaranka ee Iran-ta Weyn, waa dib-u-sheegid khayaali iyo geesinimo leh oo ku saabsan taariikhda Faarisiga. Amir Arsalan wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa sheeko khayaali ah oo caan ah oo Faarisi ah.

Ibn Tufayl (Abubacer) iyo Ibn al-Nafis waxay ahaayeen hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda. Ibn Tufail wuxuu qray riwaayaddii ugu horreysay ee Carabi ah Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) iyadoo cavab u ah Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, ka dibna Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sidoo kale qray riwaayad Theologus Autodidactus iyadoo cavab u ah Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Labada sheeko waxay lahaayeen jilayaal waaweyn (Hayy ee Philosophus Autodidactus iyo Kamil ee Theologus Autodidactus) oo ahaa carruur is-baray oo duurka ku voolaa oo ku noolaa go'doon kuyeel/jasiirad saxara ah, labaduba waxay ahaayeen tusaalayaasha ugu horreeyay ee sheeko jasiirad saxara ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halka Hayy uu ku nool yahay kaligiis xoolaha jasiiradda saxarada ah inta ka dhiman sheekada Philosophus Autodidactus, sheekada Kamil waxay ka dhib badan tahay jasiiradda saxarada ah ee Theologus Autodidactus, iyadoo u ekaanaysa sheekadii ugu horreysay oo la ogaaday oo ah koreera/hanaqaad oo ugu dambeyntii noqonaysa tusaalaha ugu horreeya ee riwaayadda sayniska khayaaliga ah.&lt;ref&gt;Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), &quot;Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher&quot;, Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), &quot;[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)] {{Wayback|url=http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 |date=20150404020329 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020329/http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615/|date=4 April 2015}}&quot;, pp. 95–101, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.&lt;/ref&gt;

Theologus Autodidactus,&lt;ref&gt;Muhammad b. Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufayl. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC Philosophus autodidactus, sive Epistola Abi Jaafar ebn Tophail de Hai ebn Yokdhan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004180638/https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC |date=4 October 2015 }}: in qua ostenditur, quomodo ex inferiorum contemplatione ad superiorum notitiam ratio humana ascendere possit. E Theatro Sheldoniano, excudebat Joannes Owens, 1700.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi. The Theologus autodidactus of Ibn al-Nafīs. Clarendon P., 1968&lt;/ref&gt; oo uu qray aqoonyahanka Carabi Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFCuoqykV9QC&amp;q=ibn+al+nafis+first+science+fiction+novel&amp;pg=PA236|title=The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature|first=Gregory|last=Claeys|date=5 August 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139828420|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa walxaha sayniska khayaaliga ah sida abuurista iskood u samaysanta, falanqaynta mustaqbalka, dhamaadka dunida iyo qiyaamaha, soo-tegga/sarakicidda, iyo nolosha ka dib. Halkii uu ka siin lahaa sharraxaad mucjiso ama khayaali ah dhacdooyinkan, Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu isku dayay inuu sharraxo walxaha sheekada iyada oo loo marayo aqoonta sayniska ee bijoolajiga, astronomy-ga, cosmology-ga iyo meelaha/juqraafiga oo lagu yaqaannay xilligiisa. Khayaaliga Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sharraxay baridda diinta Islaamka iyada oo loo marayo sayniska iyo falsafadda Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roubi&quot;&gt;Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), &quot;Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher&quot;, Symposium on Ibn al Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibnul-Nafees As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).&lt;/ref&gt; Turjumaadaha Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus waxay ka muuqdeen Laatiin (1671), Inqiriisi (1708), Jarmal, iyo Dutch. Turjumaadahan luqadaha Yurub waxay ka dib saameyn ku yeesheen Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe&lt;ref&gt;Cyril Glasse (2001), New Encyclopaedia of Islam, p. 202, Rowman Altamira, {{ISBN|0-7591-0190-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Robert Boyle's The Aspiring Naturalist.&lt;ref name=&quot;Toomer-222&quot;&gt;G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Falsafadda ===
[[File:Persian Scholar pavilion in Viena UN (Rhazes&amp;Khayyam).jpg|thumb|Scholars Pavilion waa taallo ay Iran ugu deeqday Xafiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee Vienna. Sannadlaha aqoonyahannadii Muslimka ahaa ee qarniyadii dhexe, Omar Khayyam, Al-Biruni, Rhazes iyo Avicenna ayaa ku dhex jira dhismaha.]]
Astaamaha ugu caansan ee lagu qeexo falsafadda Islaamka waa &quot;qaabka falsafadda ee lagu dhex abuuray qaabdhismeedka dhaqanka Islaamka.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;RoutledgeEoP&quot;&gt;[http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/H057 &quot;Islamic Philosophy&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606082214/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/islamic-philosophy;jsessionid=B31B033F077DD5E68E09CC9D35C02105|date=6 June 2022}}, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998)&lt;/ref&gt; Falsafadda Islaamka, qeexidtan laguma xidho arrimo diimeed oo keliya, mana aha mid ay Muslimiinta oo keliya curiyeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;RoutledgeEoP&quot; /&gt; Aqoonyahanka Faarisiiga ah ee Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) wuxuu lahaa ka badan 450 buug oo loo tiriyo. Qoraalladiisu waxay ku saabsanaayeen maadooyin kala duwan, gaar ahaan falsafadda iyo daawada. Buuggiisa daawada ee The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo adeegsaday sida buugga heerka sare ah ee jaamacadaha Yurub ee qarniyo badan. Wuxuu sidoo kale qray The Book of Healing, oo ah encyclopediya saynis iyo falsafad saameyn leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ibn Sina [Avicenna]|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=2024|quote=The Cure...had momentous consequences...his philosophical system dominated intellectual history in both Shi’ite and most of Sunni Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakhsiyad kale oo ka tirsan Casrigii Dahabiga ahaa ee Islaamka, Avicenna, wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay dugsigiisa falsafadda ee Avicennism, oo saameyn ku lahaa dhulka Islaamka iyo kan Masiixiga dhexdiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Saliba|first=George|author-link=George Saliba|date=1994|title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam|pages=245, 250, 256–257|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=0-8147-8023-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Falsafad kale oo saameyn ku lahaa falsafadda casriga ah wuxuu ahaa Ibn Tufail. Riwaayaddiisii falsafadda ahayd, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, oo loo turjumay Laatiin siday tahay Philosophus Autodidactus sannadkii 1671, waxay horumarisay mawduucyada empiricism, tabula rasa, dabiicadda iyo korinta, xaaladda suurtogalnimada, materialism,&lt;ref&gt;Dominique Urvoy, &quot;The Rationality of Everyday Life: The Andalusian Tradition? (Aropos of Hayy's First Experiences)&quot;, in Lawrence I. Conrad (1996), The World of Ibn Tufayl: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān, pp. 38–46, Brill Publishers, {{ISBN|90-04-09300-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Molyneux's problem.&lt;ref&gt;Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufail and Léon Gauthier (1981), Risalat Hayy ibn Yaqzan, p. 5, Editions de la Méditerranée.&lt;/ref&gt; Aqoonyahannada iyo qoraayaasha Yurub ee uu saameeyay riwaayaddan waxaa ka mid ah John Locke,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994), pp. 224–39&lt;/ref&gt; Gottfried Leibniz,&lt;ref name=&quot;Wainwright&quot;&gt;Martin Wainwright, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/mar/22/featuresreviews.guardianreview1 Desert island scripts], The Guardian, 22 March 2003.&lt;/ref&gt; Melchisédech Thévenot, John Wallis, Christiaan Huygens,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994) p. 227&lt;/ref&gt; George Keith, Robert Barclay, Quakers,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994), p. 247&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Samuel Hartlib.&lt;ref name=&quot;Toomer-2222&quot;&gt;G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Falsafada Islaamku waxay sii waday horumarka falsafadda ilaa qarnigii 17aad, markii Mulla Sadra uu sameeyay dugsigiisa Transcendent theosophy oo uu horumaray fikradda existentialism-ka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy|first=Muhammad|last=Kamal|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-5271-7|pages=9, 39|oclc=224496901}}&lt;/ref&gt; Falsafado kale oo saameyn lahaa oo Muslimiin ah waxaa ka mid ah Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), oo ah hormuudka phenomenology iyo falsafadda sayniska iyo dhaleeceeyaha dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian iyo fikradda Aristotle ee goobta (topos); Al-Biruni, dhaleeceeye dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian; Ibn al-Nafis, hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, aasaasaha falsafadda Illuminationist; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, dhaleeceeye mantiqa Aristotelian iyo hormuudka mantiqa inductive-ka; iyo Ibn Khaldun, oo ah hormuudka falsafadda taariikhda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Akhtar&quot;&gt;S.R.W. Akhtar (1997). &quot;The Islamic Concept of Knowledge&quot;, Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought &amp; Culture 12 (3). https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol-12-no3/islamic-concept-knowledge-sayyid-wahid-akhtar&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada ===
[[File:Statue of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi in Urgench.jpg|thumb|Taallada Al-Khwarizmi ee Urgench, Uzbekistan.]]
Ibn al-Haytham waxaa sidoo xaqiiqo ah loo arkaa aabbaha optics-ka, gaar ahaan cadeyntiisa empirik-ka ah ee aragtida intromission-ka ee iftiinka. Jim Al-Khalili wuxuu sheegay 2009 in Ibn al-Haytham 'loogu yeero inta badan &quot;saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee dhabta ah ee dunida&quot;.'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Al-Khalili|first=Jim|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7810846.stm|title=BBC News|date=4 January 2009|access-date=11 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426041228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm|archive-date=26 April 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al-Khwarizmi wuxuu alifay nidaamyada log base-ka ee maanta loo adeecsado, wuxuu sidoo kale ka qaybqaatay theorems ee trigonometry iyo sidoo kale limits.&lt;ref&gt;Plofker, Kim (2009), Mathematics in India: 500 BCE–1800 CE, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-12067-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxbarashooyinkii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujinayaan inay u badan tahay in fannaaniintii Muslimka ahayd ee Qarniyadii Dhexe ay ogaayeen geometriyada quasicrystal ee decagonal ah ee sare ee la helay kala bar millennium ka dib 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii ee Galbeedka, ayna u adeegsadeen shaqada tiled-ka ee dhismaha.&lt;ref&gt;Peter J. Lu, [http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html Harvard's Office of News and Public Affairs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314012002/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html|date=14 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhaqaatiirta Muslimiinta ah waxay ka qaybqaateen sahanka daawada, oo ay ku jiraan anatomy iyo physiology: sida shaqadii Faarisiiga ahayd ee qarnigii 15aad ee uu sameeyay Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas ee loo yaqaan Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy-ga jirka) oo ku jireen sawirro guud oo ku saabsan habka jirka, dareemayaasha iyo habka wareegga dhiigga; ama shaqadii dhakhtarkii Masar Ibn al-Nafis, oo soo bandhigay aragtida wareegga dhiigga ee sambabada. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Abulcasis) wuxuu ka qaybqaatay edbinta qalliinka daawada buuggiisa Kitab al-Tasrif (&quot;Buugga Tanaasulaadka&quot;), oo ah encyclopediya daawa oo ka dib loo turjumay Laatiin oo loo adeegsaday iskoolada daawada ee Yurub iyo Muslimiinta ee qarniyo badan. Horumaro kale oo daawo ah waxay ka tulmeen dhinacyada pharmacology iyo pharmacy.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, H. (1997) pp. 136–38&lt;/ref&gt; Saynisyahannada ugu caansan ee ka mid ah dunida Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe waxaa ka mid ah Jābir ibn Hayyān, al-Farabi, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Biruni, Avicenna, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, iyo Ibn Khaldun.

Tiknoolajiyada dhexdeeda, dunida Islaamka waxay warqad-sameynta ka qaadatay Shiinaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lucas&quot;&gt;Adam Robert Lucas (2005), &quot;Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe&quot;, Technology and Culture 46 (1), pp. 1–30 [10].&lt;/ref&gt; Aqoonta baaruudda waxaa sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay Shiinaha iyada oo loo marayo waddamada badankooda Islaamka ah.&lt;ref&gt;Arming the Periphery. Emrys Chew, 2012. p. 1823.&lt;/ref&gt; Horumar ayaa lagu sameeyay waraabinta iyo beeraha, iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyad cusub sida mishiinka dabaysha. Dalagyada sida lowska/almond iyo miraha sitrus waxaa loo keenay Yurub iyadoo loo marayo al-Andalus, oo beerashada sonkorta ayaa si tartiib-tartiib ah ay ugu ku-daydeen Yurubiyanku. Ganacsatada Carabta waxay maamuleen ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya ilaa imaatinka Boortaqiisku ee qarnigii 16aad. Hormuz wuxuu ahaa xarun muhiim ah oo ganacsigan ah. Waxaa sidoo kale ka jirey shabakad cufan oo waddooyinka ganacsiga ee Badda Dhexe, oo ay waddamada aqlabiyadda Muslimka ah ku ganacsan jireen kesooda iyo awoodaha Yurub sida Venice, Genoa iyo Catalonia (sido kale eeg: Indo-Mediterranean). Jidka Xariirta oo ka tallaabaya Aasiyada Dhexe wuxuu marayay dawlado Islaam ah oo u dhexeya Shiinaha iyo Yurub. Soo-bixidda boqortooyooyinka dhaqaale ee waaweyn oo leh kheyraad tiknoolajiyadeed ka dib qabsashadii Timur (Tamerlane) iyo soo-reenka Timurid Renaissance waxaa ka mid ah Boqortooyada Mali iyo Saltanaddii Bengal gaar ahaan, oo ah qaran ganacsi oo caalami ah oo dunida ku yaal, oo Yurubiyanku ku describe gareeyeen &quot;waddanka ugu hodansan ee lagu ganacsado&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. {{ISBN|978-81-8069-149-2}}. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iinjineerada Muslimiinta ee dunida Islaamka waxay sameeyeen isticmaalo warshadeed oo cusub oo hydropower ah, iyo isticmaalo warshadeed oo hore oo ah tidal power iyo wind power.&lt;ref&gt;Ahmad Y. al-Hassan (1976). Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, pp. 34–35. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.&lt;/ref&gt; Isticmaalka warshadeed ee watermills ee dunida Islaamka wuxuu dib u dhacaa qarnigii 7aad, halka water mills-ka leh giraangiraha jiifa iyo kuwa taagan oo dhan loo adeegsanayay si weyn tan iyo ugu yaraan qarnigii 9aad. Mashiinno warshadeed oo kala duwan ayaa lagu adeegsanayay dunida Islaamka, oo ay ku jiraan fulling mills, gristmills, paper mills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills iyo windmills. Markii ay gaadhay qarnigii 11aad, gobol kasta oo ka mid ah dunida Islaamka wuxuu lahaa mashiinnadan warshadeed oo shaqaynaya, kuwo ka billowda al-Andalus iyo Waqooyiga Afrika ilaa Bariga Dhexe iyo Aasiyada Dhexe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lucas&quot; /&gt; Iinjineerada Muslimiinta waxay sidoo kale alifeen crankshafts iyo water turbines, waxay adeegsadeen gears ee mashiinnada iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada, waxayna hormuud u ahaayeen isticmaalka dam-yada sida il ka mid ah awoodda biyaha, oo loo adeegsaday in lagu siiyo awood dheeraad ah watermills iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan&quot;&gt;Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering&lt;/ref&gt; Horumaradan waxay suurtogal ka dhigeen in shaqooyinka warshadeed oo hore loogu kexayn jiray shaqaale hanto ama gacanta xilliyadii hore ay noqdaan kuwo la mishiineeyay oo lagu kexo mashiinno beddelkeeda dunidii Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe. Wareejinta tiknoolajiyadan oo loo wareejiyay Yurubtii qarniyadii dhexe waxay saameyn ku lahayd Industrial Revolution-ka, gaar ahaan ka soo jeeda proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal iyo Tipu Sultan's Kingdom, iyadoo loo marayo qabsashadii East India Company.

=== Aqsanta ===
[[File:Taj Mahal (Edited).jpeg|thumb|Taj Mahal ee India waxaa loo arkaa masterpiece si caalami ah loo bogsho oo ka tirsan World's Heritage, iyo mid ka mid ah Seven Wonders of the World.]]
{{excerpt|Islamic architecture|only=paragraphs}}

== Saamaynta diimaha kale, iyo Islaamiga ==
{{Main|Islaamiga|Islaamiga waddan ahaan}}
[[File:Mohammed2.jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad iyo Rahibkii Sergius, oo uu sameeyay Lucas van Leyden, 1508 AD. Waxay muujineysaa Halsooreedkii Nabi Muxammad ee ku dhex wareegi jiray Yurub.]]
[[File:La.Vie.de.Mahomet Christies.jpg|thumb|403x403px|Nabi Muxammad oo haysta seef iyo bilal halka uu ku tunto dunida, iskutallaabta, iyo Tobanka Amrood. Waxaa sameeyay Humphrey Prideaux, 1699.]]
[[File:Nuremberg chronicles - Mohammed (CLIv).jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad oo fadhiya dhanka bidix, oo ku sawiran Nuremberg Chronicle, 1440 AD.]]
Haddii dhaqdhaqaaqyada sida Druze,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=De McLaurin |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalroleofm0000unse |title=The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East |publisher=Michigan University Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-03-052596-4 |page=114 |quote=Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles, the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Shireen |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofislami0000unse |title=The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and Unity: Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-253-34549-3 |page=33 |quote=Druze – An offshoot of Shi'ism; its members are not considered Muslims by orthodox Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=R. Williams |first=Victoria |title=Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 volumes] |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-4408-6118-5 |page=318 |quote=As Druze is a nonritualistic religion without requirements to pray, fast, make pilgrimages, or observe days of rest, the Druze are not considered an Islamic people by Sunni Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Berghouata iyo Ha-Mim, ay ka soo baxeen Islaamka ama ay la wadaageen rumayntooda gaarka ah Islaamka, iyo haddii mid kastaa yahay diin gooni ah ama firqad ka mid ah Islaamka waa aragtiyo dood ku jiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=D. Grafton |first=David |title=Piety, Politics, and Power: Lutherans Encountering Islam in the Middle East |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-63087-718-7 |page=14 |quote=In addition, there are several quasi-Muslim sects, in that, although they follow many of the beliefs and practices of orthodox Islam, the majority of Sunnis consider them heretical. These would be the Ahmadiyya, Druze, Ibadi, and the Yazidis.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caqiidada Druze waxay sii kala qaybisay Ismaaciiliyada maadaama ay horumarisay caqiidooyinkeeda gaarka ah, waxayna ugu dambeyntii ka sootagday Ismaaciiliyada iyo Islaamka labadaba; kuwan waxaa ka mid ah rumaynta in Imaamka Al-Xaakim bi-Amr Allaah uu ahaa Ilaah jisoobay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Poonawala |first=Ismail K. |date=July–September 1999 |title=Review: ''The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning'' by Heinz Halm |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_july-september-1999_119_3/page/542 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |publisher=American Oriental Society |volume=119 |issue=3 |page=542 |doi=10.2307/605981 |issn=0003-0279 |jstor=605981 |lccn=12032032 |oclc=47785421}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Bryer | first = David R. W. | title = The Origins of the Druze Religion (Fortsetzung) | journal = Der Islam | year = 1975 | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–262 | doi = 10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | s2cid = 162363556 | url = https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | issn = 1613-0928 | ref = {{harvid|Bryer|1975b}} | url-access = subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yazdânism waxaa loo arkaa isku-dhafan ka mid ah rumaynta dhaladka ee Kurdiida iyo caqiidada Suufiyada Islaamka ee loo soo bandhigay Kurdistan ee Sheekh Cadi ibn Musafir ee qarnigii 12aad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Foltz |first=Richard |title=Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present |date=7 November 2013 |isbn=978-1-78074-307-3 |page=219 |chapter=Two Kurdish Sects: The Yezidis and the Yaresan |publisher=Oneworld Publications |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bábism waxay ka soo bilaabatay Shiicada Isnaashariyada ee martay Siyyid 'Ali Muhammad i-Shirazi al-Bab iyadoo mid ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri Baha'u'llah uu aasaasay Caqiidada Baha'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=House of Justice |first=Universal |title=One Common Faith |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/OCF/ocf-8.html |access-date=1 April 2017 |website=reference.bahai.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yarsanism,&lt;ref name=&quot;Z. Mir-Hosseini 1994, p.267&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mir-Hosseini |first=Z. |date=1994 |title=Inner Truth and Outer History: The Two Worlds of the Ahl-e Haqq of Kurdistan |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1994-04_26_2/page/267 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=26 |pages=267–268}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din-i Ilahi,{{sfnp|Roychoudhury|1941|page=306}} iyo Ali-Illahism&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Layard |first=Austen Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&amp;q=ali%2520illahism&amp;pg=PA216 |title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum |date=2010-08-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108016773 |page=216 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaa loo arkaa kuwo ka sootagay Islaamka. Sikhism, oo uu aasaasay Guru Nanak oo ku sugan Punjab qarnigii 15aad ee dambe, waxaa saameeyay Islaamku.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Elsberg |first=Constance |date=2003 |title=Graceful Women |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |isbn=978-1-57233-214-0 |pages=27–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaleeceynta ==
{{Main|Dhaleeceynta Islaamka}}

{{see also|Dhaleeceynta Muxammad|Dhaleeceynta Qur'aanka}}
[[File:Jacques Courtois - Battle between Christians and Muslims.jpg|thumb|Dagaalkii ka dhex dhacay Muslinka iyo Masiixiyiinta xilligii Dagaalladii Saliibiyada, oo uu sameeyay Jacques Courtois.]]
Dhaleeceynta Islaamku waxay jirtay tan iyo heeraradeedii ugu horreeyay. Dhaleeceyntii hore waxay ka timid qoraayaal Yahuud ah, sida Ibn Kammuna, iyo qoraayaal Masiixi ah, oo kuwo badan oo ka mid ah ay u arkayeen Islaamka bidco Masiixi ah ama nooc sanam-caabudid ah, iyagood inta badan ku fashilayay terms apocalyptic ah.{{sfnp|Fahlbusch et al|2001|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC|page=759}} 759]}} Qoraayaasha Masiixiyiinta ahi waxay dhaleeceeyeen sharraxaadaha laab-lakacsan ee Islaamku ka bixiyo jannada. Qarnigii sagaalaad aqoonyahankii Muslinka ahaa ee Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari wuxuu u dooday sharraxaadda Qur'aanka ee jannada iyadoo sheegaysa in Baybalku sidoo kale tilmaamayso fikradahaas, sida cabbidda khamriga ee jannada dhexdeeda oo ku jirta Injiilka Matayos. Caalimkii Masiixiga ahaa ee qarnigii 4aad Augustine ee Hippo caqiidooyinkiisu waxay keeneen diidmo baahsan oo ku saabsan raaxada jidhka ee nolosha iyo aakhiro dhexdeeda labadaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=Christian Lange |title=Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-50637-3 |pages=18–20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sawirro aflaadaad ah oo ka dhan ah Muxammad, oo ka soo bilaabmay sawirraddii hore ee qarnigii 7aad ee Kaniisadda Ortodokska Bari ee Boqortooyada Bizantiinta,&lt;ref&gt;Reeves, Minou, and P. J. Stewart. 2003. ''Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making''. NYU Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8147-7564-6}}. p. 93–96.&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ka muuqdaan gabayga qarnigii 14aad ee Divine Comedy oo uu qaray Dante Alighieri. Halkan, Muxammad waxaa lagu muujiyay goobta sideedaad ee jahannamada, iyadoo la joogo Cali. Dante ma eedayno Islaamka guud ahaan laakiin wuxuu eedaynayaa Muxammad kala qaybin, maadaama uu aasaasay diin kale Masiixiyadda ka dib.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stone&quot;&gt;Stone, G. 2006. ''Dante's Pluralism and the Islamic Philosophy of Religion''. Springer Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4039-8309-1}}. p. 53–54.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhaleeceynaha kale waxay diiradda saaraan la-dhaqanka shakhsiyaadka ee gudaha waddamada casriga ah ee Muslinku ku badan yahay, oo ay ku jiraan arrimo ku saabsan xuquuqda aadanaha, goorta ay si dhow u la xiriirto fulinta sharciga Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first1=Yohanan|last1=Friedmann|year=2003|title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie/page/n31 18], 35|isbn=978-0-521-02699-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale, isbeddellada dhowaan ee dhaqammada kala duwan ka dib, kartida loo malaynayo inay leeyihiin soo-galootiga Muslinka ah ee Galbeedka si ay u la qabsadaan waa la dhaleeceeyay oo waxaa loo eedeeyay asalka Islaamka kuwo ka mid ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Modood |first=Tariq |url=https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo |title=Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach |date=6 April 2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35515-5 |edition=1st |page=[https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo/page/n43 29] |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugu dambeyntii cilmi-baaris{{what|date=April 2026}} waxay heshay in diindhaqameedka Islaamka oo sarreeya uu la xiriiro xagjirinimada Islaamka oo sarreysa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kamenowski |first1=Maria |last2=Manzoni |first2=Patrik |last3=Haymoz |first3=Sandrine |last4=Isenhardt |first4=Anna |last5=Jacot |first5=Cédric |last6=Baier |first6=Dirk |date=2021-06-17 |title=Religion as an influencing factor of right-wing, left-wing and Islamist extremism. Findings of a Swiss youth study |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=6 |article-number=e0252851 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0252851 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=8211158 |pmid=34138885 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1652851K }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Ilaha ===
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* {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Islam: The Straight Path |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-539600-3 |edition=4th |author-mask=1}}
* {{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |year=2011 |title=What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam |edition=2nd |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-979413-3 |author-mask=1}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20080204031050/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/book_wenkai.html Lay summary]
* {{Cite book |last1=Esposito |first1=John |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsonamerica00yvon |title=Muslims on the Americanization Path? |last2=Haddad |first2=Yvonne Yazbeck |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-513526-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Farah |first=Caesar |title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances |publisher=Barron's Educational Series |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-8120-1853-0 |edition=5th |author-link=Caesar E. Farah}}
* {{Cite book |last=Farah |first=Caesar |url=https://archive.org/details/islambeliefsobse00fara_0 |title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances |publisher=Barron's Educational Series |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7641-2226-2 |edition=7th |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Firestone |first=Reuven |title=Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-512580-1}}
* {{Cite book | last1=Goldschmidt | first1=Arthur Jr. |title=A Concise History of the Middle East |last2=Davidson |first2=Lawrence |publisher=Westview Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8133-4275-7 |edition=8th |url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0008gold |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Griffith |first1=Ruth Marie |author1-link=Ruth Marie Griffith |title=Women and Religion in the African Diaspora: Knowledge, Power, and Performance |last2=Savage |first2=Barbara Dianne |author2-link=Barbara D. Savage |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8018-8370-5}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Haddad |first1=Yvonne Yazbeck |last2=Smith |first2=Jane I. |author-link=Jane Idleman Smith |title=Muslims in the West: Visible and Invisible |place=Walnut Creek, CA |publisher=Altamira |year=2002}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hedayetullah |first=Muhammad |title=Dynamics of Islam: An Exposition |publisher=Trafford Publishing |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-55369-842-5}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last1=Holt |editor-first1=P.M. |editor-last2=Lewis |editor-first2=Bernard |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-521-29136-1 |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=1 |author-link2=Bernard Lewis}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last1=Holt |editor-first1=P.M. |editor-last2=Lambton |editor-first2=Ann K.S. |editor2-link=Ann Lambton |editor-last3=Lewis |editor-first3=Bernard |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-521-29137-8 |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=2}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last1=Holt |editor-first1=P.M. |editor-last2=Lambton |editor-first2=Ann K.S. |editor-last3=Lewis |editor-first3=Bernard |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=1A |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-521-21946-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory00holt_798 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Hourani |first1=Albert |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofarabpeo0122hour_06BYS |title=A History of the Arab Peoples |publisher=Belknap Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-674-01017-8 |author-link=Albert Hourani}}
* {{cite book |title=The Caliphate of Banu Umayyah the first Phase, Ibn Katheer, Taken from Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah |author=Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr |isbn=978-603-500-080-2 |translator=Yoosuf Al-Hajj Ahmad |place=Riyadh |publisher=Maktaba Dar-us-Salam |year=2012}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kobeisy |first=Ahmed Nezar |title=Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the Faith and Helping the People |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-313-32472-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kramer |first=Martin |title=Shi'Ism, Resistance, and Revolution |publisher=Westview Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-8133-0453-3}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-521-77933-3 |edition=2nd}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |title=The Jews of Islam |publisher=Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-7102-0462-2 |author-link=Bernard Lewis}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |title=The Arabs in History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-19-285258-8 |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/middleeastbriefh0000lewi |title=The Middle East |publisher=Scribner |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-684-83280-7 |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islaminhistory00bern |title=Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East |publisher=Open Court Publishing Company |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-8126-9518-2 |edition=2nd |author-mask=1 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/whatwentwrongcl00lewi |title=What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East |publisher=Harper Perennial |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-06-051605-5 |edition=reprint |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/crisisofislam00bern |title=The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror |publisher=Random House, Inc., New York |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8129-6785-2 |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-521-64696-3 |author-link=Wilferd Madelung}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Malik |first1=Jamal |title=Sufism in the West |last2=Hinnells |first2=John R. |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-27408-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Momen |first=Moojan |title=An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-300-03531-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyed Hossein |author-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr |year=2003 |title=The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyed Muhammad |url=https://archive.org/details/ourreligions00shar |title=Our Religions: The Seven World Religions Introduced by Preeminent Scholars from Each Tradition (Chapter 7) |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-06-067700-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nigosian |first=Solomon Alexander |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-253-21627-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Peacock|first=A.C.S.|title=Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia|date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume= |page=|doi= 10.1017/9781108582124|isbn=978-1-108-58212-4|s2cid=211657444}}
* {{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |url=https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-691-11553-5}}
* {{Cite report  |date=October 2009 |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf |access-date=25 May 2020 |ref={{sfnref|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009}} }} [https://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ Overview].
* {{Cite book |last=Rippin |first=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimstheirreli0000ripp |title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-415-21781-1 |edition=2nd |author-link=Andrew Rippin}}
* {{cite book |last=Roychoudhury |first=Makhanlal |year=1941 |title=The Din-i Ilahi, or, The Religion of Akbar |publisher=University of Calcutta |oclc=3312929 |url=https://archive.org/details/diniilahiorthere031361mbp |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{cite journal |last=Serjeant |first=R.B. |date=1978 |title=Sunnah Jami'ah, pacts with the Yathrib Jews, and the Tahrim of Yathrib |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=41 |pages=1–42 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00057761 |s2cid=161485671 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Sachedina |first=Abdulaziz |title=The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-511915-2 |author-link=Abdulaziz Sachedina}}
* {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Jane I. |author-link=Jane Idleman Smith |title=The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-515649-2}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last=Stefon |editor-first=Matt |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ṭabāṭabāʼī |first1=Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn |title=Shi'ite Islam |translator-last=Nasr |translator-first=Seyyed Hossein |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-272-9 |author-link=Allameh Tabatabaei}}
* {{Cite book |last=Teece |first=Geoff |url=https://archive.org/details/islam0000teec_a5d6 |title=Religion in Focus: Islam |publisher=Franklin Watts Ltd |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7496-4796-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Trimingham |first=John Spencer |title=The Sufi Orders in Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-512058-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Colin |title=Islam: the Basics |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-34106-6 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Bryan S. |title=Weber and Islam |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-17458-9 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Waines |first=David |title=An Introduction to Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-53906-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |title=The Formative Period of Islamic Thought |publisher=University Press Edinburgh |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-85224-245-2 |author-link=William Montgomery Watt}}
* {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadprophets00watt |title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-19-881078-0 |edition=New |author-mask=1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Weiss |first=Bernard G. |title=Studies in Islamic Legal Theory |publisher=Brill Academic publishers |year=2002 |isbn=978-90-04-12066-2 |location=Boston |author-link=Bernard G. Weiss}}
{{Refend}}

=== Qaamuusyo iyo encyclopedias ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{harvc |last1=Gardet|first1=L.|last2=Jomier|first2=J.|year=2012|c=Islām |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0387}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Fahlbusch et al|2001}} |editor-last=Fahlbusch |editor-first=Erwin |display-editors=etal |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC}} |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=2001 |isbn=978-90-04-11695-5 |volume=2}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=1913–1936 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor1-last=Houtsma |editor1-first=M.T. |editor1-link=Martijn Theodoor Houtsma |editor2-first=T.W. |editor2-last=Arnold |editor2-link=Thomas Walker Arnold |editor3-first=R. |editor3-last=Basset |editor4-first=R. |editor4-last=Hartmann |edition=1st |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-08265-6 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (1st ed.)|1913–1936}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=2012 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |edition=2nd |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012}}}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|n.d.}} |date=n.d. |url=https://brill.com/view/package/eio?language=en |url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World |series=Macmillan Reference Books |publisher=Thomson-Gale |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofis0001unse |editor-last=Martin |editor-first=Richard C. |isbn=978-0-02-865603-8}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |date=n.d. |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |editor-link=Jane Dammen McAuliffe}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=2 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2002}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=3 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2003}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Salamone |editor-first=Frank |edition=1st |isbn=978-0-415-94180-8 |series=Routledge Encyclopedias of Religion and Society |volume=6 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre00sala |jstor=j.ctt1jd94wq |year=2004}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas |editor-last=Glassé |editor-first=Cyril |series=Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam |isbn=978-0-7591-0190-6 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada |url-access=registration}} {{doi|10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001}} – via Oxford Reference.
* {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |year=2004 |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-975726-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |title=The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=isDgI0-0Ip4C|page=}} |editor-last=Leaman |editor-first=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-32639-1}}
{{Refend}}

== Akhrin dheeraad ah ==
{{Refbegin}}
* Abdul-Haqq, Abdiyah Akbar (1980). ''Sharing Your Faith with a Muslim''. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers. ''N.B''. Presents the genuine doctrines and concepts of Islam and of the Holy Qur'an, and this religion's affinities with Christianity and its Sacred Scriptures, in order to &quot;dialogue&quot; on the basis of what both faiths really teach. {{ISBN|0-87123-553-6}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2008 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |publisher=SAGE; Cato Institute |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |last=Ahmad |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Islam |author-link=Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-first=Ronald |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |pages=256–258 |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n155 |isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4 |lccn=2008009151 |oclc=750831024 |url={{Google books|yxNgXs3TkJYC|plainurl=yes}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Akyol |first=Mustafa |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwithoutextr0000akyo |title=Islam Without Extremes |publisher=W.W. Norton &amp; Company |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-393-07086-6 |edition=1st |author-link=Mustafa Akyol}}
* {{Cite book |last=Arberry |first=A.J. |url=https://archive.org/details/koraninterpreted00ajar |title=The Koran Interpreted: A Translation |publisher=Touchstone |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-684-82507-6 |edition=1st |author-link=A. J. Arberry}}
* Cragg, Kenneth (1975). ''The House of Islam'', in ''The Religious Life of Man Series''. Second ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company 1975. xiii, 145 p. {{ISBN|0-8221-0139-4}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Hafez |first=Sherine |title=An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements |year=2011 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=9780814773055 |url=https://opensquare.nyupress.org/books/9780814790724/}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Muhammad Muhsin |title=Noble Quran |last2=Al-Hilali Khan |last3=Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=1999 |isbn=978-9960-740-79-9 |edition=1st |author-link=Muhammad Muhsin Khan}}
* Khanbaghi, A, (2006). ''The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran''. I. B. Tauris.
* Khavari, Farid A. (1990). ''Oil and Islam: the Ticking Bomb''. First ed. Malibu, Calif.: Roundtable Publications. viii, 277 p., ill. with maps and charts. {{ISBN|0-915677-55-5}}.
* {{Cite book |title=The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-965-224-040-8 |editor-last=Kramer |editor-first=Martin |editor-link=Martin Kramer}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kuban |first=Dogan |title=Muslim Religious Architecture |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=1974 |isbn=978-90-04-03813-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwest00lewi_0 |title=Islam and the West |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-19-509061-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesinconfli0000lewi |title=Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-510283-3 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mubarkpuri |first=Saifur-Rahman |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Prophet |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-59144-071-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Najeebabadi |first=Akbar Shah |title=History of Islam |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-59144-034-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sayilgan |first=Salih |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/god-evil-and-suffering-in-islam/C4C89591ADAAF25F104D517C4F4634B3 |title=God, Evil, and Suffering in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9781009377294}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |url=https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |title=Deciphering the Signs of God: A Phenomenological Approach to Islam |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7914-1982-3 |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422154518/https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schuon |first=Frithjof |title=Understanding Islam |publisher=Allen &amp; Unwin |year=1963 |isbn=978-0941532242 |edition=3rd |author-link=Frithjof Schuon}}
* {{Cite book |last=Stoddard |first=Lothrop |title=The New World of Islam |publisher=Chapman &amp; Hall |year=1922 |url=https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/24107}}
* {{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Benjamin |title=Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith |publisher=Peter Owen Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7206-1038-3 |author-link=Benjamin Walker (author)}}
{{Refend}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam &quot;Islam&quot;]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/index.shtml Religion &amp; Ethics – Islam] Maqaallo hordhac u ah Islaamka oo ka socda BBC

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>3grtwbokeuy4r5pws9ly381m4v3b7l1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>307797</id>
      <parentid>307796</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:20:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Wax laga beddelay dejimaha ilaalinta ee &quot;[[Islaam]]&quot; ([Wax ka badal=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn) [Wareeji=U oggolow oo keliya maamulayaasha] (aan xad lahayn))</comment>
      <origin>307796</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="279364" sha1="3grtwbokeuy4r5pws9ly381m4v3b7l1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox religion
| native_name        = {{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام}}}}&lt;br/&gt;{{transliteration|ar|al-Islām}}
| image              = The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg
| caption            = [[Kacbada]] ee ku taal [[Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Makka]], [[Sacuudi Carabiya]], oo ah [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]]
| type               = 
| main_classification = [[Abrahamic religions|Ibraahimi ah]]
| scripture          = {{Plainlist|
* [[Quraan]]
* Sunnada: [[Xadiis]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The saheeh Sunnah is wahy (Revelation) from Allah |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/77243/the-saheeh-sunnah-is-wahy-(revelation)-from-allah |website=islamqa.info |access-date=15 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tafsiirka: [[Tafsiir]]&lt;ref&gt;Mir, Mustansir. (1995). &quot;Tafsīr&quot;. In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| theology           = [[Tawhid|Hal ilaah aaminsan]]
| law                = [[Shareecada]]
| philosophy         = [[Falsafada Islaamka]]
| area               = [[Islam by country|Adduunka oo dhan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Global Islam&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2011/01/FutureGlobalMuslimPopulation-WebPDF-Feb10.pdf|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=27 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| language           = [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Quraanka]]
| territory          = [[Dunida Islaamka]]
| founder            = [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Maxamed]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Welch |first1=Alford T. |last2=Moussalli |first2=Ahmad S. |last3=Newby |first3=Gordon D. |date=2009 |entry=Muḥammad |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry-url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| founded_date       = {{circa|610 C.D.}}
| founded_place      = [[Jabal al-Nour]]&lt;!-- Beginnings are understood to be where Muhammad is said to have received his first ever revelation, which was inside a cave in this mountain --&gt;
| number_of_followers = {{est.}} 2 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2010–2020&quot; /&gt; {{increase}} (oo si gaar ah loogu yeero [[Muslimiin]], halka si wadajir ah loogu yeero {{transliteration|ar|[[Ummah]]}})
| separations        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ali-Illahism]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&amp;q=ali%2520illahism&amp;pg=PA216|title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum|last=Layard|first=Austen Henry|date=2010-08-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108016773|page=216|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Druze faith]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of American Islam |first=Yvonne |last=Yazbeck Haddad |year=2014 |isbn=9780199862634 |page=142|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Baháʼí Faith]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Van der Vyer |first=J. D. |year=1996 |title=Religious human rights in global perspective: religious perspectives |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |isbn=90-411-0176-4 |page=449 |url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
}}
{{Sidebar with collapsible lists
| name = religion sidebar
| pretitle = Qayb ka mid ah taxane ku saabsan
| pretitlestyle = padding-top:0.8em;
| titlestyle = padding-bottom:0.5em;
| title = [[Diin]]
| listtitlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; font-size:100%;
| centered list titles = yes
| image = [[File:Icon-religion.svg|200px|class=skin-invert]]
| imagestyle = padding-bottom:1em;
| listclass = hlist
| liststyle = padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.25em; font-size: 11px;
| expanded = {{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}
|}

| abovestyle = padding:0.5em 2em 0.5em; display:block; background-color: #efefef;
| above = {{startflatlist}}
* [[Outline of religion|Dulucda]]
* [[Index of religion-related articles|Liisaska]]
* [[:Category:Religion|Qeybta]]
* [[:Category:Indexes of religion topics|Tusaha]]
* [[History of religion|Taariikhda diinta]]
* [[Portal:Religion|Bogga]]
{{endflatlist}}

| list1name = religions
| list1title = Diimaha
| list1titlestyle = padding-top:0.5em;
| list1 = 
{{Sidebar |child |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off
  | heading1 = [[Abrahamic religions|Diimaha Ibraahimiyeed]]
  | content1style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content1 = 
* [[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]]
* [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]
* [[Islam|Islaamka]]
* [[Alawism|Calawiisimka]]
* [[Alevism|Alewiisimka]]
* [[Azalism|Azaliisimka]]/[[Bábism|Baabiisimka]]
* [[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]]
* [[Druze Faith|Diinta Duruusta]]
* [[Mormonism|Mormooniyadda]]
* [[Mandaeism|Mandeiisimka]]
* [[Manichaeism|Maniikiisimka]]
* [[Rastafari|Rastafariyiinta]]
* [[Samaritanism|Samaritaniisimka]]
  | heading2 = [[Iranian religions|Diimaha Iiraaniga]]
  | content2style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content2 = 
* [[Yazidism|Yasiidiisimka]]
* [[Yarsanism|Yarsaniisimka]]
* [[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]]
  | heading3 = [[Indian religions|Diimaha Hindiya]]
  | content3style = padding-top:0.2em;
  | content3 = 
* [[Hinduism|Hinduugga]]
* [[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]]
* [[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]]
* [[Sikhism| Sikhiisimka]]
* [[Bon|Yungdrung Bon]]
  | heading4 = [[East Asian religions|Diimaha Bariga Aasiya]]
  | content4style = padding-top:0em;
  | content4 = 
* [[Taoism|Taowaysimka]]
* [[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]]
* [[Shinto|Shinto]]
* [[Tian|Tian]]
* [[Shangdi|Shangdi]]
* [[Hongjun Laozu|Hongjun Laozu]]
}}


| list2name = schools
| list2title = Dugsiyada Fikirka
| list2titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list2 =
* [[Acosmism|Aakosmisimka]]
* [[Agnosticism|Agnostisismka]]
* [[Animism|Animisimka]]
* [[Antireligion|Diin-diidka]]
* [[Apatheism|Apatheisimka]]
* [[Atheism|Aqoonsi la'aanta Ilaah / Ateyismka]]
* [[Creationism|Abuuristaaniyadda]]
* [[Dharma|Dharmismka]]
* [[Deism|Deiisimka]]
* [[Divine command theory|Aragt Dardaaran Ilaahay]]
* [[Dualism in cosmology|Labo-jirnimada]]
* [[Western esotericism|Sir-doonka Reer Galbeedka]]
* [[Elite religion|Diinta dadka sare]]
* [[Exclusivism|Gaar-yeelidda]]
* [[Existentialism|Jiritaaniyadda]]
** [[Atheistic existentialism|ateyste]]
** [[Christian existentialism|masiixi]]
* [[Feminist theology|Falsafada dumarka]]
* [[Fideism|Caqiido-ku-tiirsiga]]
* [[Folk religion|Diinta dadweynaha]]
* [[Fundamentalism|Aasaas-ku-dhagidda]]
* [[Gnosticism|Gnostisismka]]
* [[Henotheism|Henotheiisimka]]
* [[Hermeticism|Hermetiisimka]]
* [[Humanism|Aadmiga-jecleyska]]
** [[Christian humanism|masiixi]]
** [[Religious humanism|diimeed]]
** [[Secular humanism|cilmiyeed]]
* [[Ietsism|Ietsismka]]
* [[Theological noncognitivism|Ignostisismka]]
* [[Inclusivism|Wadajir-yeelidda]]
* [[Kathenotheism|Kathenotheiisimka]]
* [[Lived religion|Diinta la nool yahay]]
* [[Monism|Kow-jirnimada]]
* [[Monotheism|Kkudnimada Alle]]
* [[Mysticism|Suufiyadda / Sir-raadinta]]
* [[Naturalism (philosophy)|Dabiiciyadda]]
** [[Humanistic naturalism|aadmiga]]
** [[Metaphysical naturalism|milyawiga]]
** [[Religious naturalism|diimeed]]
* [[New Age|Cаманkii Cusub]]
* [[Nonduality (spirituality)|Laba-mid-la'aanta]]
* [[Nontheism|Ilaah-la'aanta]]
* [[Omnism|Omnisimka]]
* [[Pandeism|Pandeiisimka]]
* [[Panentheism|Panenteiisimka]]
* [[Pantheism|Panteiisimka]]
* [[Perennial philosophy|Falsafadda weligeed ah]]
* [[Polytheism|Shirkiga / Ilaahyo badan]]
* [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]]
* [[Shendao shejiao|Shendao shejiao]]
* [[Spiritualism (beliefs)|Rux-raadinta]]
* [[Shamanism|Shaamanismka]]
* [[East Asian religions|Taowayga]]
* [[Theism|Ilaah-rumaynta]]
* [[Transcendentalism|Sare-u-kacaaniyadda]]
* [[Transtheism|Transtheiisimka]]
* [[Unitarianism|Mowqifka kow-jirka]]

| list3name = concepts
| list3title = Fikradaha
| list3titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list3 =
* [[Afterlife|Aakhiro]]
* [[Anthropopathism|Sifaadka bini'aadmiga ee Ilaah]]
* [[Apophatic theology|Apophatismka]]
* [[Aseity|Iskii-jitaanshaha]]
* [[Religious belief|Aaminsanaanta Diinta]]
* [[Brahman|Brahman]]
* [[Cataphatic theology|Cataphatismka]]
* [[Cult|Kooxda diimeed]]
* [[Demiurge|Demiurge]]
* [[Divine simplicity|Fududeynta Ilaahay]]
* [[Eschatology|Qiyaamaha iyo Aakhiro]]
* [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|Iftiintinka]]
* [[Eternity#God and eternity|Weligiis-jitaanshaha]]
* [[Euthyphro dilemma|Muran-weydiintii Euthyphro]]
* [[Existence of God|Jiritaanka Ilaahay]]
* [[Faith|Iimaan]]
* [[Form of the Good|Qaabka Wanaagga]]
* [[Gender of God|Jinsiga Ilaahay]]
* [[Gnosis|Gnosis]]
* [[Holy Spirit|Ruuxa Quduuska ah]]
* [[Intelligent design|Naqshadda caqli-gal ah]]
* [[Moksha|Xorreynta]]
* [[Misotheism|Ilaah-nacaybka]]
* [[Miracle|Mucjiso]]
* [[Names of God|Magacyada Ilaahay]]
* [[New religious movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa diimeed ee cusub]]
* [[Omnibenevolence|Naxariista-buuxda]]
* [[Omnipotence|Awoodda-oo-dhan]]
* [[Omnipresence|Meel-kasta-joogidda]]
* [[Omniscience|Cilmiga-oo-dhan]]
* [[Pandeism|Pandeistiga]]
* [[Personal god|Ilaah shakhsi ah]]
* [[Prayer|Dugsi / Baryo]]
* [[Problem of evil|Dhibaatada xumaanta]]
* [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]]
* [[Belief#Religion|Aaminsanaanta diimeed]]
* [[Problem of religious language|Luqadda diinta]]
* [[Reincarnation|Soo-noqoshada nolosha (Reincarnation)]]
* [[Faith|Iimaanka diimeed]]
* [[Revelation|Waxyi]]
* [[Religious text|Qoraallada diinta]]
* [[Soul|Nafta]]
* [[Summum bonum|Wanaagga ugu sarreeya]]
* [[Tawhid|Kkudnimada Alle]]
* [[Theological veto|Diidmada diinta]]
* [[Transcendence (religion)|Sare-u-baxa diimeed]]
* [[Trinity|Saddex-midnimada]]
* [[Creator deity|Ugu sarreeyaha / Abuuraha]]
* [[Unmoved mover|Dhaqaajiye aan la dhaqaajin]]
* [[Vitalism|Ruuxda nolosha]]
* [[Worship|Caabudaad]]

| list4name = figures
| list4title = Hoggaamiyeyaasha Aasaasaya
| list4titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;
| list4=
*[[Ciise]] ([[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]])
*[[Maxamed]] ([[Islam|Islaamka]])
*[[Ibraahim]] ([[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]])
*[[Siddhartha Gautama]] ([[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]])
*[[Guru Nanak]] ([[Sikhism|Sikhiisimka]])
*[[Mahavira]] ([[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]])
*[[Zoroaster]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]])
*[[Hamza ibn Ali]] ([[Druze|Duruusta]])
*[[Laozi]] ([[Taoism|Taowayga]])
*[[Confucius]] ([[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]])
* [[Baháʼu'lláh]] ([[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]])

| belowclass = plainlist
| belowstyle = text-align:center;font-weight:normal; padding:1em 1em 1em;
| below = 
Kani waa [[:Category:Philosophy and thinking sidebar templates|farac]] ka mid ah [[philosophy|falsafadda]]. Si aad u baarto mowduucyada la xiriira, fadlan booqo [[:Category:Religion_and_belief_navigational_boxes|hage-tusaha]].

}}
'''Islaamku'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|ɑː|m|,_|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|æ|m}} {{respell|IZ|la(h)m}};&lt;ref&gt;{{cite Cambridge Dictionaries |Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام|al-Islām}}|al-Islām}}, {{IPA|ar|alʔisˈlaːm|IPA}}, {{lit|hordhaca [ee la xiriira [[ogaanshaha doonista Ilaahay]]]}}}} waa diin [[Abrahamic|Ibraahimi ah]] oo ku saleysan [[Quraan|Quraanka]] iyo [[Sunnah|barashada]] [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Nabi Maxamed]]. Diintan [[monotheistic|kelinimada Alle]] waxay leedahay qiyaastii [[Islam by country|2 bilyan oo raacsan adduunka oo dhan]], oo lagu magacaabo [[Muslims|Muslimiin]]. Islaamku waa [[Major religious groups|diinta labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka]], marka laga reebo [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin inay jirto [[Fitra|iimaan asal ah]] oo la soo waxyooday marar badan iyadoo la sii marinayo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|rusul iyo nabiyo hore]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], waxayna rumeysan yihiin in Islaamku yahay nooca caalamiga ah ee dhameystiran ee [[faith|iimaankan]]. 

Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan Quraanka inuu yahay hadalka dhabta ah ee [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] iyo waxyigii ugu dambeeyay ee aan wax laga beddelin. Dhinaca Quraanka, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale rumeysan yihiin [[Islamic holy books|kutubtii hore ee la soo waxyooday]], sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]), ''[[Psalms in Islam|Sabuur]]'' ([[Psalms]]), iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel]]). Waxay rumeysan yihiin in [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] yahay [[Seal of the Prophets|nabiga ugu weyn uguna dambeeya]] ee [[God|Ilaahay]], kaasoo diinta la soo dhameystiray, oo aan ka dib imanayn nabigii cusub ama sharcigii samada ahayn. Barashada iyo tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee Maxamed, oo loogu yeero [[Sunnah]], oo lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin loogu yeero [[Hadith|Xadiis]], ayaa bixiya tusaale dastuuri ah oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Islaamku wuxuu ku saleysan yahay rumaysashada kow-nimada iyo kelinimada Ilaahay ({{Transliteration|ar|[[tawhid]]}}), iyo rumaysashada [[afterlife|aakhiro]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[akhirah]]}}) oo ay ku jirto [[Judgement Day in Islam|Maalinta Qiyaame]]—halkaas oo kuwa suubban lagu abaalmarin doono jannada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jannah]]}}) kuwa xunneydna lagu ciqaabi doono naarta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jahannam]]}}). [[Five Pillars of Islam|Shanta Arкан ee Islaamka]], oo loo arko inay yihiin cibaadooyin [[Fard|waajib ah]], waa shahaadada diinta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[shahada]]}}), salaadaha maalinlaha ah ({{Transliteration|ar|[[salah]]}}), sakada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[zakat]]}}), soonka bisha [[Ramadan]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sawm]]}}), iyo [[pilgrimage|xajka]] loo aado [[Mecca|Makka]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[hajj]]}}). Sharciga Islaamka ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sharia]]}}), wuxuu taabanayaa ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha, laga bilaabo [[Islamic banking and finance|bangiyada iyo maaliyadda]] iyo [[Zakat|gar-gaarka]] ilaa [[Gender roles in Islam|doorka ragga]] iyo [[Women in Islam|doorka dumarka]] iyo [[Islamic ethics#Environmentalism|deegaanka]]. Labada [[Islamic holidays|ci둡 diimeed]] ee ugu waaweyn waa Ciidul Fitri iyo Ciidul Adxa. Saddexda [[holiest sites in Islam|goobood ee ugu barakeysan]] waa [[Masjid al-Haram|Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], iyo [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]].

Islaamku wuxuu ka soo aasaasay Makka qiyaastii 610 C.D. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in tani ay tahay xilligii [[Muhammad's first revelation|Maxamed uu helay waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]]. Waqtigii uu geeriyooday, inta badan [[Arabian Peninsula|Jaziiradda Carabta]] way [[Conversion to Islam|isu rogtay Islaamka]]. Islaamku wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu fiday wixii ka dambeeyay Carabta iyadoo hoos imaneysa [[Rashidun Caliphate|Khulaafadii Raashidiyiinta]] iyo [[Umayyad Caliphate|Khulaafadii Umawiyiinta]]. Labada [[Islamic schools and branches|laamood ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka]] waa [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]] (87–90%) iyo [[Shia Islam|Shiicada]] (10–13%).{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. &quot;Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.&quot;}} Muslimiinta Sunniga iyo Shiicada ah ayaa wada noqda ku dhawaad ​​guud ahaan dadweynaha Muslimka ah ee adduunka, iyadoo qiyaasuhu ka bilaabmaan qiyaastii 1.7–1.8 bilyan oo Sunni ah ilaa 285–300 milyan oo Shiico ah adduunka oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2009-10-07|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Shia Muslim Population – Islamic Research and Information Center (IRIC)|url=https://iric.org/world-shia-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project on Shi’ism and Global Affairs|url=https://shiism.hds.harvard.edu/|url-status=live|website=Harvard University}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inkasta oo [[Shia–Sunni relations|khilaafka Shiicada iyo Sunniga]] uu asal ahaan ka soo bilowday is-afgaranwaa ku saabsan [[succession to Muhammad|dhaxalkii Maxamed]], waxay kor u qaadeen cabbir ballaaran, labada [[Schools of Islamic theology|dhinaca caqiidada]] iyo [[Fiqh|fiqhigaa]]. Ururinta xadiiska suuban ee Sunniga waxay ka kooban tahay [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Kitaab]], halka ururinta xadiiska Shiicada ay ka kooban tahay [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]]. Muslimiintu waxay ka yihiin inta badan dadweynaha 53 dal.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2010–2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=June 9, 2025 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}

*{{cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett |author2=Marcin Stonawski |author3=Yunping Tong |author4=Stephanie Kramer |author5=Anne Shi |author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf |access-date=2025-06-10 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaastii 12% Muslimiinta adduunka waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in Indonesia|Indoonisiya]], oo ah dalka ugu dadka badan ee Muslimiinta ah; {{#expr: 100 * 480/1570 round 0}}% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in South Asia|Kooniyada Aasiya]]; 20% waxay ku nool yihiin [[MENA#Religion|Bariga Dhexe iyo Waqooyiga Afrika]]; iyo 15% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa|Afrika ka hooseysa Saharada]]. Muslimiinta sidoo kale waxaa laga helaa [[Islam in the Americas|Ameerikaanka]], [[Islam in China|Shiinaha]], iyo [[Islam in Europe|Yurub]]. Muslimiintu waa [[Muslim population growth|kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraysa adduunka]], taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay [[fertility rate| heerka dhalmada oo sarreeya]] iyo qaab-dhismeedka da'da yar marka loo eego diimaha diimaha kale ee waaweyn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lipka |first=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=2017-04-06 |title=Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2026-09-01 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka waxaa la saadaalinayaa inuu noqdo diinta ugu weyn adduunka dhammaadka qarniga 21-aad, isagoo ka sarre marinaya Masiixiyadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=April 6, 2017 |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2015&quot;&gt;{{cite report |author=[[Pew Forum|The Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life]] |title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211090450/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-date=2020-12-11 |date=2015-04-02 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--Do NOT add citations to the lead, except for material likely to be challenged, per [[MOS:LEADCITE]] ([[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section#Citations)]]. Move unneeded citations to the body.--&gt;

== Asalka ereyga{{anchor|Etymology}}&lt;!-- Linked from many articles. If changing the section title, please let this anchor remain unchanged  --&gt;==
{{See also|Muslims#Etymology}}
Luqadda Carabiga, ''Islaam'' ({{langx|ar|إسلام|lit=hordhaca [ee la xiriira Ilaahay]}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Definition of Islam {{!}} Dictionary.com |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.dictionary.com |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509110220/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Haywood |first=John |title=Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (AD 600 - 1492) |publisher=Barnes &amp; Noble, Inc. |year=2002 |isbn=0-7607-1975-6 |edition=1st |location=Spain |pages=3.13 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waa magaca fal-galeedka [[wikt:أسلم#Arabic|Foomka IV]] ee ka soo jeeda falka {{lang|ar|سلم}} ({{transliteration|ar|salama}}), ka soo jeeda [[Semitic root|xididka saddex-xarafle ah]] {{lang|ar|س-ل-م}} ({{transliteration|ar|[[Š-L-M|S-L-M]]}}), kaas oo sameeya fasal weyn oo erayo ah oo badankood la xiriira fikradaha dhiibin-hoosaadka, badbaadada, iyo nabadgelyada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lane-Lexicon-4&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Lane |first=Edward William |author-link=Edward William Lane |title=An Arabic-English Lexicon |volume=4 |chapter=Siin |url=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907230044/http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-date=2011-09-07 |via=[[The Study Quran|StudyQuran]] |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Macnaha diimeed, waxay tilmaamaysaa u dhiibashada buuxda ee doonista [[God|Ilaahay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Barnard |last2=Churchill |first2=Buntzie Ellis |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi |title=Islam: The Religion and The People |publisher=Wharton School Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-13-223085-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi/page/8 8]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ereyga ''[[Muslims|Muslim]]'' ({{lang|ar|مُسْلِم}}), oo ah erayga loogu talagalay qofka raaca Islaamka,&lt;ref name=&quot;Lexico-Muslim&quot;&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=Muslim |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913192608/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-date=2019-09-13 |dictionary=[[Lexico]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2020 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en-GB }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |date=20190913192608 }}&lt;/ref&gt; waa [[Participle|falka firfircoon]] ee isla nooca falka, oo macneheedu yahay &quot;dhiibtiye (Ilaahay)&quot; ama &quot;qof u hoggaansamaya (Ilaahay)&quot;. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khabiirka [[Quranic studies|barashada Quraanka]] [[Mohsen Goudarzi]] wuxuu ku dooday in Quraanka ereyga ''[[dīn]]'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;[[worship|cibaado]]&quot;, ''islām'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;[[monotheism|kwdnimada]]&quot; iyo ''muslim'' uu ka dhigan yahay &quot;muwaahid / qof kelinimada Alle rumeeyay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Goudarzi |first=Mohsen |date=2023-08-01 |title=Worship (dīn), Monotheism (islām), and the Qurʾān's Cultic Decalogue |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006/html |journal=Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=30–71 |doi=10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006 |issn=2474-8420|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gudaha [[Hadith of Gabriel|Xadiiska Jibriil]], ''Islaam'' waxaa lagu soo bandhigay inuu yahay hal qayb oo ka mid ah saddaxleey oo ay ku jirto {{transliteration|ar|[[Iman (Islam)|imān]]}} (iimaan), iyo {{transliteration|ar|[[Ihsan|ihsān]]}} (fududeyn / ixsaan).{{sfnp|Esposito|2000|pp=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76 76–77]}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mahmutćehajić |first=Rusmir |url=https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm |title=The mosque: the heart of submission |publisher=[[Fordham University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8232-2584-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm/page/n104 84] |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka laftiisa ayaa taariikh ahaan loogu yeeri jiray [[Mohammedan|''Mohammedanism'' (Maxamediyad)]] gudaha [[English-speaking world|dunida Ingiriiska ku hadasha]]. Eraygan wuxuu ka baxay isticmaalka waxaana mararka qaarkood la sheegaa inuu yahay [[Religious offence|dhaawac diimeed]], maadaama uu tilmaamayo in bini'aadam, halkii uu ka noqon lahaa Ilaahay, uu yahay kan udub-dhexaadka u ah diinta Muslimiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| last = Gibb| first = Sir Hamilton| title = Mohammedanism: an historical survey|isbn=9780195002454| year = 1969| page=1 | quote=Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiirarka iimaanka ==
{{Main|Aqidah|Iman (Islam)|l2 = Iman}}

[[caqiidada]] Islaamku (''[[aqidah]]'') waxay u baahan tahay rumaysashada lix tiir: Ilaahay, malaa'igta, waxyiga, nabiyada, [[Day of Resurrection|Maalinta Qiyaamaha]], iyo qadarinta masiirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality|publisher=New World Library|pages=68–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&amp;pg=PA68|editor-first=Joel|editor-last=Beversluis|year=2011|isbn=9781577313328|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022948/https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&amp;pg=PA68#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilaahay ===
[[File:Istanbul,_Hagia_Sophia,_Allah.jpg|thumb|[[calligraphy|Qoraal gacmeedka]] qarnigii 19-aad oo muujinaya magaca [[Allah|Alle]] ee ku yaal [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]]
{{Main|God in Islam}}

Fikradda udub-dhexaadka u ah Islaamka waa ''[[Tawhid|tawḥīd]]'' ({{langx|ar|توحيد|link=no}}), oo ah kelinimada Ilaahay. Badanaa waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay ''monotheism sax ah'', laakiin sidoo kale waa [[panentheism|panentheistic]] ku dhex leh barashada suufiga Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |title=Tawhid |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107041300/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Gimaret|first=D.|year=2012|c=Tawḥīd |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7454}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ilaahay waxaa loo arkaa mid aan la barbar dhigi karin oo aan lahayn tiro dad ah sida ku jirta [[Christian Trinity|Saddex-midnimada Masiixiga]], oo tiro u nisbeynta Ilaahay ama sifooyinka Ilaahay oo loo nisbeeyo dad kale waxaa loo arkaa shirk, oo lagu magacaabo [[Shirk (Islam)|''shirk'']]. Sidaas darteed, Muslimiintu ma aha [[iconodule]]s mana u nisbeeyaan qaabab Ilaahay. Ilaahay halkaas waxaa lagu sifeeyaa oo loogu yeeraa dhowr [[Names of God in Islam|magac ama sifooyin]], kan ugu caansan waa ''Ar-Rahmān'' ({{lang|ar|الرحمان}}) oo macneheedu yahay &quot;Naxariis-guud&quot;, iyo ''Ar-Rahīm'' ({{lang|ar|الرحيم}}) oo macneheedu yahay &quot;Naxariis-gaar ah&quot; kuwaas oo laga baryo bilowga inta badan Suuradaha Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Kecia |title=Islam : the key concepts |date=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |last2=Leaman |first2=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-39638-7 |location=London |oclc=123136939}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Campo|2009|p=34|loc=&quot;Allah&quot;}} Magaca tooska ah ee Carabiga ee Ilaahay, ''[[Allāh]]'' (الله), oo ah eray aan lahayn [[plural|wadar]] ama [[gender|jinsi]], ayaa sidoo kale si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa luqadaha kale ee Muslimiinta iyo Masiixiyiinta iyo Yuhuuda Carabiga ku hadla si ay ugu tixraacaan Ilaahay, halka ''{{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[ʾilāh]]}}'' ({{lang|ar|إله}}) uu yahay eray loo isticmaalo ilaah ama ilaah guud ahaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=God |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |access-date=18 December 2010 |website=Islam: Empire of Faith |publisher=[[PBS]] |archive-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034958/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in abuurista wax kasta oo ku jira [[universe|caalamka]] la keenay iyada oo la raacayo amarka Ilaahay sida lagu muujiyay erayada, &quot;[[Be, and it is|Aabo, oo wuu noqdaa]],&quot;&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|2|117|b=yl}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo in [[Meaning of life|ujeeddada jiritaanka]] ay tahay in la caabudo Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;Leeming, David. 2005. ''The Oxford Companion to World Mythology''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-195-15669-0}}. p. 209.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo arkaa ilaah shakhsi ah oo wax dhexdhexaadin ah, sida [[clergy|wadaaddada]], looma baahna si loo gaaro xiriir lala yeesho Ilaahay. Wacyigelinta Ilaahay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[taqwa]].

=== Qoraallada Quduuska ah ===
{{Main|Kutubta quduuska ah ee Islaamka | Qur'aanka|Wahy}}

{{See also|Taariikhda Qur'aanka}}[[File:Birmingham Quran manuscript full.jpg|thumb|Labo bogos oo ka mid ah qoraal-gacmeedka Quraanka Birmingham, oo lagu qoray farta Xijaasiga ah ee maqaarka xoolaha taariikhdooduna ay ku beegantahay 568–645 C.D., oo ku beegan xilligii Nabi Maxamed noolaa.]]
Qoraalka quduska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa Quraanka. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka ay Alle u soo waxyooday Nabi Maxamed, oo uu u soo wakiishay malagii Jibriil, marar badan intii u dhaxaysay 610 C.D.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo 632, oo ah sannadkii uu geeriyooday Nabi Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu noolaa Nabi Maxamed, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray saxaradiisa, inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee loo gudbin jiray uu ahaa afka oo lagu barto xifdi ahaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=Asian Music |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 114 suuradood oo ay ku jiraan wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood. Suuradaha hore ee soo degay, ee ku soo degay Maka, waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha diiniga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee Madiina ay ka hadlayaan arrimaha bulshada iyo sharciga ah ee khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah.[[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal-gacmeed Quraan ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran rihaal, kaas oo ah taageerada buugga ee qoraalka quduska ah, oo lagu hayo Matxafka Reza Abbasi ee ku yaalla Tehraan, Iran.]]
Sharci-yaqaanada Islaamku waxay la tashadaan Xadiiska, ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Nabi Maxamed, si ay u kaalmeeyaan Quraanka una caawiyaan fasiraadiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka Quraanka iyo tafsiirka waxaa loo yaqaanaa tafsiir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimaddiisa diiniga ah, Quraanka waxaa si weyn loogu tixgeliyaa inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican ee suugaanta Carabiga,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=Charles E. Tuttle Company|year=1994|page=1|title=The Koran|quote=&quot;Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence.&quot;|isbn=1842126091}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=Allen &amp; Unwin|year=1956|quote=&quot;It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.&quot;|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo afka Carabiga.&lt;ref&gt;Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. &quot;Literature and the Quran.&quot; In ''Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an'' 3. pp. 213, 216.&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Alle uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo waxyi, oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda dhexdeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah qoraalladii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida Tawraat (Tawraad) iyo Injiil (Injiil), ay noqdeen kuwo la leexiyay—ha ahaato dhinaca fasiraadda, qoraalka, ama labadaba,&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Peters|2003|p=9&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot;&gt;{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Hava Lazarus-Yafeh}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Quraanku (Akhris) loo arko erayga ugu dambeeya ee Alle oo aan wax beddel ah lahayn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringgren&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription}} &quot;The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are two different theories about this term and its formation.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}}


=== Malaa'igta ===
[[File:Rashid al-Din Tabib - Jami al-Tawarikh, f.45v detail - c. 1306-15.png|thumb|Maxamed oo helaya [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] oo uga imaanaya malaa'igta [[Gabriel]], oo ka socda qoraal gacmeedka [[Jami' al-tawarikh|Jami' al-Tawarikh]] ee uu qoray [[Rashid al-Din Hamadani|Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]], lagu daabacay [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]], 1307 C.D.]]
{{Main|Angels in Islam}}

Malaa'igta (keligood: {{langx|ar|ملك|link=no}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|malak}}'') waa makhluuqaad lagu sifeeyay Quraanka{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=23}} iyo xadiiska.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay u abuuran yihiin inay caabudaan Ilaahay iyo inay sidoo kale ka shaqeeyaan waajibaadyo kale oo gaar ah sida gudbinta [[revelation|waxyiga]] ee ka yimid Ilaahay, diiwaangelinta ficilada qof kasta, iyo qaadashada [[soul|nafta]] qofka waqtiga dhimashada. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay si kala duwan uga abuurmeen 'iftiin' ([[Nūr (Islam)|''nūr'']])&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia-Nur&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nūr |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423085030/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-date=2022-04-23 |encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |via=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |language=en |access-date=2026-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last1=Hartner, W.|last2=Tj Boer |year=2012 |c=Nūr |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0874}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Elias |first=Jamal J. |year=2003|c=Light |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00261}}&lt;/ref&gt; ama 'dab' (''nār'').&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Campo |first=Juan E. |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nar |c=Nar |in=Martin |year=2004}}. – via [[Encyclopedia.com]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last=Fahd, T. |year=2012 |c=Nār |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0846}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Toelle |first=Heidi |year=2002 |c=Fire |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00156}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|McAuliffe|2003|p=45}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malaa'igta Islaamka waxaa badanaa lagu matalaa [[Anthropomorphism|qaabab bini'aadamnimo]] oo ay ku jiraan sawirro [[supernatural|cajiib ah]], sida baalal, oo ah kuwa aad u waaweyn ama xidhan dhar janno.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|pp=97–99}}&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=26–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Webb |first=Gisela |c=Angel |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last1=MacDonald, D. B.|last2=Madelung, W. |year=2012 |c=Malāʾika |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}}{{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0642}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sifooyinka caadiga ah ee malaa'igta waxaa ka mid ah inaysan lahayn baahiyo jir iyo rabitaanno, sida cunidda iyo cabidda.{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|p=140}} Qaarkood, sida [[Gabriel|Jibriil]] iyo [[Michael (archangel)|Miikaa'il]], ayaa magacyadooda lagu xusay Quraanka. Malaa'igtu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan suugaanta ku saabsan [[Isra and Mi'raj|Mi'raajka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu kula kulmo dhowr malaa'igood intii uu ku jirsaday safarkiisa samada.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Malaa'ig dheeraad ah ayaa badanaa lagu muujiyay [[Islamic eschatology|qiyaamaha]], [[Kalam|cilmiga kalaamka]] iyo [[Islamic philosophy|falsafada Islaamka]].{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=22}}

=== Kitaabyada ===
[[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal gacmeed [[Quran|Quraan]] ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran [[Rehal (book rest)|rehal]], oo ah kursiga kitaabka qudduuska ah, oo lagu hayo [[Reza Abbasi Museum]] ee [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].]]
{{Main|Islamic holy books|Quran|Wahy}}

{{See also|History of the Quran}}
Kitaabka quduuska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa [[Quran|Quraanka]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka uu Maxamed u soo waxyooday Ilaahay, iyada oo la sii marinayo [[archangel|malaa'igta]] Jibriil, marar badan inta u dhaxaysa 610 C.D.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022949/https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&amp;pg=PA5#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo 632, sanadkii uu geeriyooday Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu Maxamed noolaa, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray [[Muhammad's companions|saxaabtiisa]], inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee gudbinta uu ahaa af ahaan iyada oo la adeegsanayo [[Hafiz (Quran)|xifdinta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=[[Society for Asian Music|Asian Music]] |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu u qaybsamaa 114 suuradood (''[[sūrah]]'') oo ka kooban wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood (''[[ayah|āyāt]]''). Suuradaha hore ee taariikh ahaan, ee lagaga soo waxyooday [[Mecca|Makka]], waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha ruuxiga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee [[Medina|Madiina]] ay ka hadlaan arrimo bulsho iyo sharci oo khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah. Qareennada Muslimiintu waxay la tashadaan xadiiska ('warka'), ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Maxamed, si ay labadaba u taageeraan Quraanka oo ay uga caawiyaan tafsiirkiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka iyo tafsiirka Quraanka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[tafsir]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019035210/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimadiisa diimeed, Quraanka waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay si weyn inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican [[Arabic literature|suugaanta Carabiga]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=[[Charles E. Tuttle Company]]|year=1994|page=1|title=The Koran|quote=&quot;Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence.&quot;|isbn=1842126091}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=[[Allen &amp; Unwin]]|year=1956|quote=&quot;It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.&quot;|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo luqadda Carabiga.&lt;ref&gt;Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. &quot;Literature and the Quran.&quot; In ''[[Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān|Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an]]'' 3. pp. 213, 216.&lt;/ref&gt;

Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Ilaahay uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo ''[[wahy]]'', oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah kitaabadii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]) iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel in Islam|Injiil]]), ay noqdeen kuwo [[tahrif|la leexiyay]]—ha ahaato tafsiirka, qoraalka, ama labadaba,&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Peters|2003|p=9&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot;&gt;{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=[[Hava Lazarus-Yafeh]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Quraanka ({{Lit|Akhrinta}}) loo arko hadalka ugu dambeeya, ee dhabta ah ee aan wax laga beddelin ee Ilaahay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ringgren&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505001543/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487666/Quran |url-status=live }} &quot;The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are [[Quran#Etymology and meaning|two different theories]] about this term and its formation.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}}

=== Nabiyada ===
{{Main|Prophets and messengers in Islam|Sunnah|Hadith}}

[[File:Medieval Persian manuscript Muhammad leads Abraham Moses Jesus.jpg|thumb|[[Persian miniature|Miniakiyada Faarisiga]] ee qarnigii 15-aad oo muujinaysa [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] oo hoggaaminaya [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] iyo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|nabiyo kale]] salaadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BnF. Département des Manuscrits. Supplément turc 190 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |access-date=7 September 2023 |archive-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909130407/https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Nabiyada (Carabi: {{langx|ar|أنبياء|label=none|translit=anbiyāʾ}}) waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay doorteen Ilaahay si ay u wacdhiyaan fariin ilaahi ah. Qaar ka mid ah nabiyadan ayaa sidoo kale keena kitaab cusub waxaana loogu yeeraa &quot;rasuul&quot; ({{langx|ar| رسول&amp;lrm;|label=none|translit=rasūl}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=225}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in nabiyadu ay yihiin bini'aadam oo aan ahayn ilaahyo. Dhammaan nabiyadu waxaa la sheegaa inay wacdiyiyeen fariintii asaasiga ahayd ee Islaamka - u dhiibashada doonista Ilaahay - oo ay u direen quruumihii hore, tan ayaana la sheegay inay sabab u tahay isku mid ahaanshaha badan ee u dhexeeya diimaha. Quraanku wuxuu sheegayaa magacyada tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaadka loo tixgeliyo [[prophets in Islam|nabiyada Islaamka]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[David in Islam|Daa'uud]] iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], iyo kuwo kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schimmel&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |title=Islam |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504201633/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295507/Islam |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reeves |first=J. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |title=Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in scriptural intertextuality |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=90-04-12726-7 |location=[[Leiden]] |page=177 |access-date=21 August 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sheekooyinka la xiriira nabiyada ee ka baxsan xisaabaadka Quraanka waxaa lagu ururiyaa oo lagu baaraa ''[[Qisas Al-Anbiya|Qisas al-Anbiya]]'' (Sheekooyinka Nabiyada).

Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in Ilaahay uu soo diray Maxamed inuu noqdo nabiga ugu dambeeya (&quot;[[Seal of the prophets|khaatumul anbiyo]]&quot;) si uu u gaarsiiyo fariinta dhameystiran ee Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Esposito-Islam&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Esposito |first=John L. |author-link=John Esposito |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Islam |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110124812/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |quote=Profession of Faith...affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of Allah, the last and final prophet. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters-Allah&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Peters |first=F. E. |author-link=Francis Edward Peters |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Allāh |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926053837/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |quote=[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.' |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka dhexdiisa, tusaalaha &quot;caadiga ah&quot; ee nolosha Maxamed waxaa lagu magacaabaa ''[[sunnah]]'' (oo macneheedu yahay &quot;jidka la maray&quot;). Muslimiinta waxaa lagu dhiirrigelinayaa inay ku daydaan dabeecadaha akhlaaqda ee Maxamed noloshooda maalinlaha ah, sunnadana waxaa loo arkaa mid muhiim u ah hagidda tafsiirka Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Martin|2004|p=666}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Hadith|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=J. Robson}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Sunna|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=D.W. Brown}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Goldman |first=Elizabeth |title=Believers: Spiritual Leaders of the World |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-508240-1 |location=Oxford |page=63}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tusaalahan waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa dhaqamo loo yaqaan xadiis, oo ah xisaabaadka erayadiisa, ficilladiisa, iyo sifooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed. [[Hadith qudsi|Xadiiska Qudsi]] waa qayb hoose oo ka tirsan xadiiska, oo loo arko inuu yahay erayada dhabta ah ee Ilaahay ee uu soo xigtay Maxamed oo aan ahayn qayb ka tirsan Quraanka. Xadiisku wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba shay: silsiladda sheekeeyayaasha, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies#Traditional importance of the sanad|''sanad'']], iyo ereyada dhabta ah, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies|''matn'']]. Waxaa jira habab kala duwan oo lagu kala saaro xaqiiqda xadiisyada, iyadoo cabbirka darajada ee badanaa la isticmaalo uu yahay &quot;saxiix&quot; ama &quot;sax ah&quot; ({{langx|ar|صحيح|links=no|translit=[[Authentic hadith|ṣaḥīḥ]]|label=none}}); &quot;xasan&quot; ({{langx|ar|حسن|links=no|label=none|translit=[[Hasan (hadith)|ḥasan]]}}); ama &quot;daciif&quot; ({{langx|ar|ضعيف|label=none|translit=[[Da'if|ḍaʻīf]]}}), iyo kuwo kale. [[Kutub al-Sittah]] waa ururinta lix kitaab, oo loo arko inay yihiin warbixinnada ugu suuban ee [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]]. Waxaa ka mid ah [[Sahih al-Bukhari]], oo ay Sunnidu badanaa u arkaan mid ka mid ah [[Hadith terminology#Terminology relating to the authenticity of a hadith|ilaha ugu suuban]] ka dib Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;[[Aisha Abd al-Rahman|al-Rahman, Aisha Abd]], ed. 1990. [[Introduction to the Science of Hadith|Muqaddimah Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ]]. Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1990. pp. 160–69&lt;/ref&gt; Il kale oo caan ka ah xadiisyada waa [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]], oo ay Shiicadu u arkaan tixraaca xadiiska ee ugu suuban.&lt;ref name=&quot;Awliyai-Four-Books&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Awliya'i |first=Mustafa |title=Outlines of the Development of the Science of Hadith |volume=1 |chapter=The Four Books |url=https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144702/https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-date=2017-09-12 |translator-last=Qara'i |translator-first=A. Q. |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rizvi-Four-Books&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Rizvi |first=Sayyid Sa'eed Akhtar |author-link=Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi |title=The Qur'an and Hadith |location=Tanzania |publisher=Bilal Muslim Mission |chapter=The Hadith §The Four Books (Al-Kutubu'l-Arb'ah) |url=https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912191319/https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-date=2017-09-12 |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Soo-noqoshada iyo xukunka ===
[[File:Chester Beatty T 414 fol 129r Muhammad al-Mehdi.png|thumb|Matxaf qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Maxamed al-Mahdi]]. [[Mahdi|Mahdiga]] waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu soo muuqan doono ka hor [[Eschatology|Waqtiga Dhamaadka]] si uu u soo celiyo cadaaladda oo uu uga adkaado dulmiga iyadoo la kaashanaya [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] ([[Jesus]]).]]
{{Main|Islamic eschatology}}

Rumaysashada &quot;Maalinta Qiyaame&quot; ama ''[[Qiyamah|Yawm al-Qiyāmah]]'' ({{langx|ar|يوم القيامة|link=no}}) ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ah Muslimiinta. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in waqtiga Qiyaamaha uu hore u qadaray Ilaahay, laakiin uusan aqoon bini'aadamku. Quraanka iyo xadiiska, iyo sidoo kale faallooyinka [[Ulama|culimada]], waxay qeexayaan imtixaannada iyo [[Great Tribulation|dhibaatooyinka]] ka horreeya iyo inta uu socdo Qiyaamaha. Quraanka wuxuu xoogga saarayaa [[universal resurrection|soo-noqoshada jirka]], taasoo ah mid ka duwan fahamkii [[pre-Islamic Arabia|Carabtii hore]] ee dhimashada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Glassé|2003|loc=&quot;Resurrection&quot;|pp=382–383}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012|loc=&quot;Avicenna&quot;}}. {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_DUM_0467}}: &quot;Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Sīnā is known in the West as 'Avicenna'.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|c=Qiyama |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Gardet, L.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maalinta Qiyaame, Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in dhammaan bini'aadamka lagu xukumi doono falalkooda wanaagsan iyo kuwa xun waxaana loo gudbin doonaa [[Jannah|Janno]] ama [[Jahannam|Naar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |editor-link=John Esposito |title=Eschatology |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |via=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |access-date=18 April 2017 |archive-date=13 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913062714/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Quraanku wuxuu ku jira [[Surat al-Zalzalah]] wuxuu tan ku sifeeyaa: &quot;Haddaba qofkii sameeya culays atoore oo wanaag ah wuu arki doonaa. Qofkii se sameeya culays atoore oo xumaan ah wuu arki doonaa.&quot; Quraanku [[Islamic views of sin|wuxuu qorayaa dunuub badan]] oo qof ku xukumi kara naar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Quraanku wuxuu caddeynayaa in Ilaahay uu cafiyi doono dunuubta kuwa toobad keena haddii uu doono. Falalka wanaagsan, sida sadaqada, salaadda, iyo naxariista xayawaannada{{sfnp|Esposito|2011|p=130}} waxaa lagu abaalmarin doonaa gelitaanka jannada. Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan jannada meel ay ka buuxaan farxad iyo barako, iyadoo tixraacyada Quraanku ay qeexayaan sifooyinkeeda. Dhaqamada suufiga ah ee Islaamka waxay dhigayaan raaxooyinkan jannada xiriir la leh wacyigelin xamaasad leh oo ku saabsan Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Smith|2006|p=89}}; ''Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World'', p. 565&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Garden |first=Asma |last=Afsaruddin |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Paradise|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Yawm al-Qiyāmah'' sidoo kale waxaa Quraanka loogu aqoonsaday ''Yawm ad-Dīn'' ({{lang|ar|يوم الدين}} &quot;Maalinta Diinta&quot;);&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|1|4|b=y}};&lt;/ref&gt; ''as-Sāʿah'' ({{lang|ar|الساعة}} &quot;Saacadda Dambe&quot;);&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|6|31|b=y}};&lt;/ref&gt; iyo ''[[Al-Qaria|al-Qāriʿah]]'' ({{lang|ar|القارعة}} &quot;Qaylisaada&quot;).&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-roman&quot;&gt;{{qref|101|1|b=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Qadarka ===
{{Main|Predestination in Islam}}

Qaar ka mid ah Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin qadarka ilaahay, ({{langx|ar|القضاء والقدر}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-qadāʾ wa l-qadar}}'') in arrin kasta uu qaddaray Ilaahay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |date=2002 |title=Andras Rajki's A. E. D. (Arabic Etymological Dictionary) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208204654/http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |archive-date=8 December 2011 |access-date=13 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Cohen-Mor|2001|p=4}}: &quot;The idea of predestination is reinforced by the frequent mention of events 'being written' or 'being in a book' before they happen&quot;: Say: &quot;Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us...&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Karamustafa |first=Ahmet T. |c=Fate |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}: The verb ''qadara'' literally means &quot;to measure, to determine&quot;. Here it is used to mean that &quot;God measures and orders his creation&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Gardet|first=L.|year=2012|c=al-Ḳaḍāʾ Wa 'l-Ḳadar |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0407}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mu'tazilism|Mu'tasiladu]] iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada Muslimiinta ah ma rumeysna fikraddan.&lt;ref&gt;[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.131-2&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.132&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Need of Religion'', by Sayyid [[Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi]], p. 14.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Muslims'', by S. H. M. Rizvi, Shibani Roy, B. B. Dutta, p. 20.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Shirazi |first1=Naser Makarem |title=The Justice of God |publisher=Al-Islam.org |url=https://www.al-islam.org/justice-god-naser-makarem-shirazi/issue-predestination-and-free-will |access-date=14 June 2022 |chapter=The Issue of Predestination and Free Will|date=12 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures'', by Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; Badanaa, rumaysashadan masiirka ilaahay waxaa lagu muujiyaa erayga ''[[Inshallah]]'', ({{langx|ar|إن شاء الله}}, {{transliteration|ar|haddii Alle jiro}}) marka laga hadlayo dhacdooyinka mustaqbalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muslim beliefs – Al-Qadr |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |access-date=13 November 2020 |publisher=BBC |work=Bitesize – GCSE – Edexcel |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115112558/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ficilada cibaadada ==
{{Main|Five Pillars of Islam|Ibadah}}

Waxaa jira shan ficil oo cibaado ah oo loo arko inay yihiin [[fard|waajibaad]]–Shahaadada, salaadaha shanta ah ee maalinlaha ah, [[Zakat|sakada]], [[fasting during Ramadan|soonta bisha Ramadaan]], iyo xajka [[Hajj|Hajka]]—oo si wadajir ah loogu yaqaano &quot;Tiirarka Islaamka&quot; (''Arkān al-Islām''). Intaa waxaa dheer, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale sameeyaan ficilo kale oo ikhtiyaari ah oo dhiirrigel leh laakiin aan loo arkin inay yihiin waajibaad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=ZAROUG|first=ABDULLAHI HASSAN|date=1985|title=THE CONCEPT OF PERMISSION, SUPEREROGATORY ACTS AND ASETICISM &amp;#91;sic&amp;#93; IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=167–180|jstor=20847307|issn=0578-8072|access-date=7 January 2023|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207140013/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shahaadada ===
[[File:Silver Rupee Akbar.jpg|thumb|right|Lacag qalinkii qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Akbar|Akbarkii Weyn]], Boqorkii [[Mughal Empire|Mugalka]], [[India]], oo lagu qoray [[Shahada|Shahaadada]].]]
{{Main|Shahada}}

[[shahada]]h{{sfnp|Nasr|2003|pp=3, 39, 85, 270–272}} waa [[oath|dhaar]] lagu caddaynayo rumaysashada Islaamka. Qoraalka la ballaariyay waa &quot;{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ʾašhadu ʾal-lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh}}&quot; ({{langx|ar|أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله|label=none}}), ama, &quot;Waxaan qirayaa inuusan jirin [[deity|ilaah]] aan ahayn [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] waxaanuna qirayaa in Maxamed yahay rasuulkii Ilaahay.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohammad-1985&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mohammad |first=Noor |date=1985 |title=The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-law-and-religion_1985_3_2/page/381 |journal=[[Journal of Law and Religion]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=381–397 |doi=10.2307/1051034 |jstor=1051034 |publisher=Journal of Law and Religion, Inc. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu doodaa inuu leeyahay caqiido aad u fudud iyadoo shahaadadu ay tahay saldhigga diinta ka hartay. Aan-Muslimiinta raba inay [[Conversion to Islam|soo islaamaan]] waxaa looga baahan yahay inay ku dhawaaqaan shahaadada hortooda markhaatiyaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |last=Kasim |first=Husain |year=2004 |c=Islam |pp=195–197 |in=Salamone}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Galonnier-2021&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Galonnier |first=Juliette |editor-last=van Nieuwkerk |editor-first=Karin |title=Moving In and Out of Islam |chapter=Moving In or Moving Toward? Reconceptualizing Conversion to Islam as a Liminal Process |location=New York |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2021 |pages=44–66 |doi=10.7560/317471-003 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023001/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Salaadda ===
[[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|thumb|[[Muslims|Muslimiin]] tukanaya ([[salah]]) gudaha [[Egypt]] waxaa alifay [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1865.]]
{{Main|Salah}}

{{See also|Mosque|Jumu'ah}}
Salaadda Islaamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[salah|as-salaad]] ({{langx|ar|الصلاة|link=no}}), ama erayga [[Persian language|Faarisiga]] ee ah &quot;Namaz.&quot; Waxaa loo arkaa xiriir shakhsi ah oo lala leeyahay Ilaahay, waxayna ka kooban tahay ku celcelinta qaybo la yiraahdo [[rakat|rakco]] oo ay ku jiraan [[Ruku|rukooc]] iyo [[Sujud|sujuud]] loo sujuudayo Ilaahay. Waxaa jira shan salaadood oo la cayimay maalintii oo dhan kuwaas oo loo arko waajibaad. Salaadaha waxaa lagu akhriyaa luqadda Carabiga waxaana lagu fuliyaa [[Qibla|dhanka]] [[Kaaba|Kacbada]]. Ficilku sidoo kale wuxuu u baahan yahay xaalad nadiif ah oo diimeed oo lagu gaaro hababka [[wudu|weysada]] ama, xaaladaha qaarkood, qubays buuxa oo [[ghusl|qubays ah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=18, 19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Hedayetullah|2006|pp=53–55}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Kobeisy|2004|pp=22–34}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Momen|1987|p=178}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[mosque|Masaajidka]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano masjid ama namazgah, waa [[places of worship|goob cibaado]] oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Inkasta oo ujeeddada ugu weyn ee masaajidku ay tahay inuu u adeego meel salaadeed, sidoo kale waa xarun bulsho oo muhiim u ah [[ummah|bulshada Muslimka ah]]. Tusaale ahaan, [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], wuxuu sidoo kale u adeegi jiray hoy ay degaan dadka saboolka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mattson |first=Ingrid |year=2006 |title=Women, Islam, and Mosques |pages=615–629 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America |series=Volume 2, Part VII. Islam |editor1=R. S. Keller |name-list-style=and |editor2=R. R. Ruether |place=Bloomington and Indianapolis |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-34687-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&amp;pg=PA615 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&amp;pg=PA615#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Minaret|Minaarooyinku]] waa munaarooyin loo isticmaalo in lagu yeero [[adhan|aanka]], kaas oo ah yeedhid afka ah oo lagu calaamadinayo waqtiga salaadda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen-Masjid-2010&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Pedersen |first1=Johannes |last2=Hillenbrand |first2=Robert |last3=Burton-Page |first3=John |author-link3=John Burton-Page |title=Masd̲j̲id |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2010 |doi=10.1163/9789004206106_eifo_COM_0694 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |title=Mosque |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928065350/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sakada ===
[[File:Slot at the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II 1.jpg|thumb|Meel lagu bixiyo sakada oo ku taal [[Zawiya of Moulay Idris II]] ee [[Fez, Morocco]].]]
{{Main|Zakat}}

{{See also|Sadaqah}}
[[Zakat|Sakada]] ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|زكاة|translit=zakāh|label=none}}), waa nooc ka mid ah [[Alms|Sadaqada]] oo lagu garto bixinta qayb go'an (2.5% sanadkii)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ahmed-Gianci-2005&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Ahmed |first1=Medani |last2=Gianci |first2=Sebastian |title=Zakat |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy |editor1-last=Cordes |editor1-first=Joseph J. |editor2-last=Ebel |editor2-first=Robert D. |editor3-last=Gravelle |editor3-first=Jane |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Urban Institute Press |year=2005 |page=479 |isbn=978-0877667520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m66_BgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA479 |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ee [[Financial capital|hantida la ururiyay]] ay bixiyaan kuwa awoodda u leh si ay u caawiyaan dadka saboolka ah ama baahan, sida xoraynta maxaabiista, kuwa [[bonded labor|dayn ku jira]], ama safarka ku ah, iyo kuwa loo shaqaaleysiiyo ururinta sakada. Waxay u shaqaysaa sidii nooc ka mid ah [[welfare spending|gar-gaar bulsheed]] oo ka jira bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ariff |first=Mohamed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&amp;pg=PA55 |title=The Islamic Voluntary Sector in Southeast Asia: Islam and the Economic Development of Southeast Asia |publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] |year=1991 |isbn=978-981-3016-07-1 |pages=55– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023007/https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&amp;&amp;pg=PA55 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad diimeed oo ay dadka ladani ku leeyihiin kuwa baahan sababtoo ah hantidooda waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timid nimcada Ilaahay,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2010|p=109–110}}: This is not regarded as charity because it is not really voluntary but instead is owed, by those who have received their wealth as a trust from God's bounty, to the poor.&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana loo arkaa daahirinta hantida dheeraadka ah ee qofka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = RoutledgeCurzon| isbn = 9780415297967| title =Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present.| location = United Kingdom| year = 2003| last=Ridgeon| first=Lloyd| url = | page = 258|quote=Aside from its function of purifying believers' wealth, the payment of zakat may have contributed in no small way to the economic welfare of the Muslim community in Mecca.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadarta guud ee sanadlaha ah ee lagu bixiyo sakada ayaa ah 15 jeer ka badan deeqaha gargaarka bini'aadamnimada ee adduunka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo qiyaaso taxaddar leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 June 2012 |title=A faith-based aid revolution in the Muslim world |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114014900/https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sadaqah|Sadaqadu]], si ka duwan Sakada, waa sadaqo ikhtiyaari ah oo aad loo dhiirrigeliyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Said |first=Abdul Aziz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&amp;pg=PA145 |title=Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static |publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-77011-8 |page=145 |display-authors=etal |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023121/https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&amp;pg=PA145 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/72 72]}} [[Waqf|Waaqfeku]] waa [[charitable trust|kalsooni samafal]] oo joogto ah, taas oo maalgelisa isbitaallada iyo dugsiyada bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=A. |title=Equity and Trusts |year=2003 |edition=3rd |page=32 |location=London |publisher=Cavendish Publishing |isbn=1-85941-729-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Soonta ===
[[File:Iftar for Ramadhan.jpg|thumb|Munaasabadda afurka, oo loo yaqaan ''[[Iftar]]'', waxaa dhaqan ahaan lagu bixiyaa [[date (fruits)|timir]].]]
{{Main|Fasting in Islam}}

{{See also|Fasting during Ramadan}}
Islaamka dhexdiisa, soonta ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|صوم|translit=ṣawm|label=none}}) waxay mamnuucaysaa cuntada iyo cabitaanka, iyo sidoo kale noocyada kale ee isticmaalka, sida [[Smoking in Islam|sigaar-cabista]], waxaana la fuliyaa laga bilaabo waaberiga ilaa qorrax-dhaca. Inta lagu jiro bisha [[Ramadan]], waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad saaran Muslimiinta inay soomaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ramadan |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009215438/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Soontu waxay dhiirrigelisaa dareen u dhowaanshaha Ilaahay iyadoo qofku is celinayo dartii Ilaahay wixii kale ee bannaan iyo in laga fikiro kuwa baahan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira maalmo kale, sida [[Day of Arafah|Maalinta Carafo]], marka soontu ay tahay ikhtiyaari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher =Tughra Books | isbn = 9781597846110| title = Fasting In Islam And The Month Of Ramadan| location = United States| year =2006 | last=Ramadanali| url = |page=51
| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xajka ===
{{Main|Hajj|Umrah}}

{{See also|Holiest sites in Islam}}
[[File:A packed house - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Xujeyda intii lagu jiray xilli [[Hajj|Hajka]] ee [[Masjid al-Haram]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Saudi Arabia|Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]].]]

[[pilgrimage|Xajka]] Islaamka, ee loo yaqaan {{transliteration|ar|ALA|ḥajj}} ({{langx|ar|حج|link=no}}), waa in la qabtaa ugu yaraan hal mar nolosha qof kasta oo Muslim ah oo awood u leh inta lagu jiro [[Islamic calendar|bisha Islaamka]] ee [[Dhu al-Hijjah]]. Caadooyinka Hajku waxay inta badan ku daydaan sheekada qoyska [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Dr Zakir |author-link=Zakir Naik |date=7 January 2025 |title=What Are the Pillars of Islam? |url=https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115054332/https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-date=2025-11-15 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Islampidia |language=en-AU}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Five Pillars of Islam |url=https://localhost:5000/learn/educators/curriculum-resources/art-of-the-islamic-world/unit-one/the-five-pillars-of-islam |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mecca|Makka]], xujeydu waxay toddobo jeer ku wareegaan [[Kaaba|Kacbada]], oo ay Muslimiintu rumeysan yihiin inuu dhisay Ibraahim meel cibaado ah, waxayna toddobo jeer u dhexeeyaan buuraha [[Safa and Marwa|Safa iyo Marwa]], iyagoo xusuusanaya tallaabooyinkii xaaska Ibraahim, [[Hagar]], oo u raadinaysay biyo ilmahaheedii [[Ishmael in Islam|Ismaaciil]] ee lamadegaanka ka hor intaan Makka is rogay degmo.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Goldschmidt|Davidson|2005|p=48}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Farah|1994|pp=145–147}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Hajj |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xajku sidoo kale wuxuu ku lug leeyahay in la qaato maalin duco iyo cibaado ah oo ka dhacda bannaanada [[Mount Arafat|Carafo]] iyo sidoo kale [[Stoning_of_the_Devil|tuurista shaydaanka]] si calaamadaysan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F.E. |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |date=2009 |isbn=978-1-4008-2548-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&amp;pg=PA19 |page=20 |publisher=Princeton University Press |access-date=7 October 2014 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023112/https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&amp;pg=PA19#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhammaan ragga Muslimiinta ah waxay xidhaan laba maro oo cad oo fudud oo aan tol lahayn oo loo yaqaan [[Ihram clothing|ixraam]], kuwaas oo loogu talagalay inay keenaan isku xirnaan jiilal iyo sinnaan ka dhexaysa xujeyda inkasta oo ay jiraan fasal ama asal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Cornell |first=Vincent J. |title=Voices of Islam: Voices of tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5LNUS0ciAAC&amp;pg=PA29 |access-date=26 August 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-98733-6 |page=29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Glassé|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&amp;pg=PA207 207]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nooc kale oo xaj ah, [[Umrah|Umrada]], waa ikhtiyaari waxaana la qaban karaa wakhti kasta oo sanadka ka mid ah. Goobaha kale ee xajka Islaamka waa [[Medina|Madiina]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ku geeriyooday, iyo sidoo kale [[Jerusalem|Quddus]], oo ah magaalo ay ku yaalliin nabiyo badan oo Islaam ah waana goobta [[Al-Aqsa|Al-Aqsa]], taas oo ahayd jihadii salaadda ka hor Makka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|title=The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades|publisher=Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University|year=1986|isbn=0918720583|editor1=Goss, V. P.|volume=21|page=208|editor2=Bornstein, C. V.|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023032/https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Trofimov-2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |author-link=Yaroslav Trofimov |title=The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine |location=New York |publisher=[[Knopf]] |date=2008 |page=79 |isbn=978-0-307-47290-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ficilada cibaadada ee kale ===
{{See also|Quran#Recitation|Dua|Dhikr}}
[[File:Men reading the Koran in Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria.jpg|thumb|Rag Muslimiin ah oo akhrinaya Quraanka gudaha [[Umayyad Mosque|Masjidka Umawiyiinta]] ee [[Damascus]], [[Syria]].]]
Muslimiintu waxay akhriyaan oo xifdiyaan Quraanka oo dhan ama qaybo ka mid ah si ay u noqdaan camal wanaagsan. [[Tajwid|Tajwiidku]] wuxuu tilmaamayaa xeerar taxane ah oo loogu talagalay [[elocution|akhriska saxda ah]] ee Quraanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = | isbn = | title = Foundation of Tajweed| location = | year = 2013|edition=2| last=Aboo Yahyaa| url = | page = 1
| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslimiin badan ayaa akhriya Quraanka oo dhan inta lagu jiro bisha Ramadaan.{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/42 42–43]}} 

Qofka xifdiyay Quraanka oo dhan waxaa loo yaqaanaa Xaafid (&quot;xifdiyey&quot;), xadiisyaduna waxay xusayaan in shakhsiyaadkani ay awood u yeelan doonaan inay shafeecaan dadka kale Maalinta Qiyaamaha.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=my7hnALd_NkC|page=70}} 70]}} Baryada Ilaahay, oo Carabiga lagu yiraahdo {{Transliteration|ar|DIN|duʿāʾ}} ({{langx|ar|دعاء}}&amp;nbsp;{{IPA|ar|dʊˈʕæːʔ|IPA}}) waxay leedahay anshaxeedii gaarka ahaa sida [[Raising hands in dua|gacmaha oo la taago]] sidii iyadoo la baryayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Brill| isbn = 9789004335523| title = The Quṣṣāṣ of Early Islam| location = Netherlands| year = 2016| last=Armstrong| first=Lyall| url = | page = 184| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Xuska Ilaahay ({{langx|ar|ذكر|translit=Dhikr'|label=none}}) wuxuu tilmaamayaa erayada lagu celceliyo ee tixraacaya Ilaahay. Sida caadiga ah, tan waxaa ka mid ah Tahmiid, oo lagu dhawaaqayo [[Alhamdulillah|ammaan oo dhan waxaa leh Ilaahay]] ({{langx|ar|الحمد لله|translit=al-Ḥamdu lillāh|label=none}}) inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la dareemayo mahadnaq, [[Tasbih|Tasbiix]], oo lagu dhawaaqayo weyneynta Ilaahay inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la cajabo shay oo la dhaho '[[Basmala|bismillaah]]' ka hor intaan la bilaabin ficil sida cuntada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=alhamdulillah |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227042540/https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 27, 2020|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Lexico}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikhda ==
{{Main|Taariikhda Islaamka}}

{{For timeline|Timeline of the history of Islam}}
{{See also|List of Muslim empires and dynasties}}{{multiple image
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| footer            = Bidix: [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], Sacuudi Carabiya, waa [[holiest sites in islam|goobta labaad ee ugu barakeysan]] ee Islaamka. Maxamed laftiisa ayaa ku lug lahaa dhismaha masjidka, iyo [[Green Dome|Qubbadiisa Cagaaran]] waa halka lagu aasay. Midig: [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]] waa goobta saddexaad ee ugu barakeysan ee Islaamka, halkaas oo Maxamed uu uga kacay samada intii uu socday [[Isra' and Mi'raj|Isra' iyo Mi'raaj]]. Goobtu waxay ahayd jihadii hore ee salaadda ([[qibla]]), halkaas oo Muslimiintu ay horay ugu tukan jireen ka hor intaan jihada loo beddelin [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]] ka dib waxyi soo gaaray Maxamed.
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=== Maxamed iyo bilowgii Islaamka (570–632) ===
{{Main|Muhammad|Muhammad in Islam}}

{{for timeline|Timeline of early Islamic history}}
{{Further|Muhammad in Mecca|Early social changes under Islam|First Islamic state}}
[[File:Hira_Cave.jpg|thumb|[[Jabal al-Nour]] u dhow [[Mecca|Makka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ka helay [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] ee ku jiray godka Xira.]]
Sida ku xusan dhaqanka Islaamka, Maxamed wuxuu ku dhashay [[Mecca|Makka]] sannadkii 570 [[Common Era|C.D.]] wuxuuna noqday agoon caruurnimadiisii. Isagoo ku koray ganacsade ahaan, wuxuu noqday mid loo yaqaan &quot;[[Amin (name)|amin (mid la isku halayn karo)]]&quot; ({{langx|ar|الامين}}) waxaana la doonayay inuu noqdo garsoore dhexdhexaad ah. Intuu ka dib guursaday shaqaalihiisii, haweeneydii ganacsatada ahayd ee [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadiija]].{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=6}} Sannadkii 610 C.D., isagoo dhibsaday hoos u dhaca akhlaaqda iyo shirkiga ka jiray Makka isla markaana raadinaya gooni-isu-taag iyo fikir ruuxi ah, Maxamed wuxuu u baxay Godka Xira ee buurta [[Jabal al-Nour]], oo u dhow Makka. Wuxuu ahaa intii uu ku sugnaa godka halkaas oo la sheegay inuu [[Muhammad's first revelation|helay waxyigii ugu horreeyay]] ee [[Quran|Quraanka]] oo uga yimid malaa'igta [[Gabriel|Jibriil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;610CE&quot; /&gt; Dhacdadii bixitaankii Maxamed ee godka iyo waxyigii xigay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Night of Power|Leylatul Qadr]] waxaana loo arkaa dhacdo muhiim ah taariikhda Islaamka. Intii lagu guda jiray 22-kii sano ee ka dambeeyay nolosha, laga bilaabo da'da 40 wixii ka dambeeyay, Maxamed wuxuu sii waday helitaanka waxyiga Ilaahay, isagoo noqday kii ugu dambeeyay ama [[Seal of the prophets|nabigii ugu dambeeyay]] ee loo diray bini'aadamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Muhammad |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg|thumb|Maxamed oo la muujiyay waji daboolan oo jooga [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] laga soo qaatay [[Siyer-i Nebi]], {{Circa|1595}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ottomans : religious painting |url=http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/ottoman33.html |access-date=1 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Inta lagu jiro xilligan, [[Muhammad in Mecca|halka uu joogay Makka, Maxamed]] wuxuu ku wacdiyay marka hore si qarsoodi ah ka dibna si cad, isagoo ka baryaya dhegaystayaashiisa inay ka tagaan [[Arab polytheism|shirkiga]] oo ay caabudaan hal Ilaah. Qaar ka mid ah [[Early Muslims|Muslimiintii ugu horreysay ee soo islaamtay]] waxay ahaayeen dumar, saboolka, ajaanibta, iyo addoommada sida mu'adinkii ugu horreeyay [[Bilal ibn Rabah|Bilaal bin Rabaax]].&lt;ref&gt;Rabah, Bilal B. ''[[Encyclopedia of Islam]].''&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka waaweyn ee Makka waxay dareemeen in Maxamed uu [[Early social changes under Islam|khalday nidaamkooda bulsho]] isagoo ka wacdiyaya hal Ilaah oo siinaya fikrado laga shakiyo saboolka iyo addoommada sababtoo ah waxay faa'iida ka helayeen xajka sanamyada Kacbada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ünal |first=Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&amp;pg=PA1323 |title=The Qurʼan with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English |publisher=Tughra Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-59784-000-2 |pages=1323– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024048/https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&amp;pg=PA1323#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|p=36}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka dib 12 sano oo ah [[Persecution of Muslims by Meccans|dhibaataynta Muslimiinta ay u geysanayeen dadkii Makka]], Maxamed iyo [[Companions of the Prophet|sahabbadiisii]] waxay sameeyeen [[Hegira|Hijradii]] 622 ee magaalada Yathrib (magaalada Madiina ee maanta). Wuxuu halkaas ka Aasaasay [[First Islamic state|Dowladdii Islaamiga ahayd ee ugu horreysay]] oo ay la socdaan Muslimiintii Madiina (''[[Ansar (Islam)|Ansaarta]]'') iyo muhaajiriintii Makka (''[[Muhajirun|Muhaajiriinta]]''). [[Constitution of Medina|Dastuurkii Madiina]] waxaa saxiixay dhammaan qabiilooyinkii Madiina. Tani waxay aasaastay xorriyadda diinta iyo xorriyadda isticmaalka sharcigooda u gaarka ah ee ka dhex jiray bulshooyinka Muslimka ah iyo kuwa aan Muslimka ahayn hammi ah in Madiina laga difaaco khataraha dibadda.{{sfnp|Serjeant|1978|p=4}} Ciidamadii Makka iyo xulafadoodii waxay guuldarro ka soo gaartay Muslimiinta [[Battle of Badr|Dagaalkii Badar]] 624 ka dibna waxay dagaalameen dagaal aan la isla ogayn oo ka dhacay [[Battle of Uhud|Dagaalkii Uxud]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Peter Crawford |title=The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83 |page=83 |publisher=Pen &amp; Sword Books Limited |isbn=9781473828650 |date=2013-07-16 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023957/https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83 |url-status=live }}.&lt;/ref&gt; ka hor intaanay ku guuldarraysan inay hareereeyaan Madiina [[Battle of the Trench|Dagaalkii Khandaq]] (Maarso–Abriil 627). Sannadkii 628, [[Treaty of al-Hudaybiya|Heshiiskii Xudeybiya]] ayaa la kala saxiixday Makka iyo Muslimiinta, laakiin waxaajabiyay Makka laba sano ka dib. Markii qabiilo badan ay islaameen, jidadkii ganacsiga ee Makka waxaa gooyay Muslimiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Peters|2003|pp=78–79, 194}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|pp=23–28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Markaatay ahayd 629 Maxamed wuxuu ku guuleystay [[conquest of Mecca|furashadii Makka]] ee aan dhiiggu ku daadan, iyo waqtigii uu geeriyooday 632 (da'da 62) wuxuu midaysiiyay qabiilooyinkii Carabta]] hal qaran oo diimeed.

=== Islaamkii Hore (632–750) ===
{{Further|Succession to Muhammad|Early Muslim conquests}}
{{See also|Ghadir Khumm|Saqifa|Canonization of Islamic scripture}}
[[File:Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg|thumb|Expansion of the Caliphate{{legend|#a1584e|Muhammad, 622–632}}{{legend|#ef9070|Khulafo Al-Raashidiin, 632–661}}{{legend|#fad07d|Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750}}]]
Nabi Maxamed wuxuu geeriyooday sanadkii 632 waxaana khulafadii ugu horreysay ee loo yaqaan Khulafo – Abu Bakr, Cumar, Cuthmaan, Cali iyo marmar Xasan bin Cali&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| last1 = Melchert| first1 = Christopher| date = 2020| contribution = The Rightly Guided Caliphs: The Range of Views Preserved in Ḥadīth| editor1-last = al-Sarhan| editor1-first = Saud| title = Political Quietism in Islam: Sunni and Shi'i Practice and Thought| location = London and New York| publisher = I.B. Tauris| isbn = 978-1-83860-765-4| pages = 70–71| contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=96TDDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA63| access-date = 17 February 2022| url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt; – looga yaqaan Islaamka Sunniga ah ''al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn'' (&quot;Khulafadii Hagaysa&quot;).{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=40}} Qaar kamid ah qabiilooyinka ayaa Islaamka ka tagay oo ka inkiiray madax sheegtay in ay yihiin nebiyo cusub balse Abu Bakr wuxuu ku jebiyey dagaalladii Riddada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Hourani|2002|p=22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Madelung|1996|p=43}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Ṭabāṭabāʼī|1979|pp=30–50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee Yuhuudda iyo Nasaarada asaliga ah, ee loo haystay dad laga tirada badan yahay oo diinaysan loona culeysiyay canshuuraha, ayaa inta badan ka caawiyey Muslimiinta inay qabsadaan dhulkooda,{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=38}} taasoo keentay in khilaafaddu ay si degdeg ah ugu ballaarato boqortooyooyinkii Saasaniyiinta iyo Biisantiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=J. Kuiper |first=Matthew |title=Da'wa: A Global History of Islamic Missionary Thought and Practice |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9781351510721 |page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira M. |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-521-51430-9 |pages=60–61 |author-link=Ira M. Lapidus}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cuthmaan waxaa la doortay 644 waxaana dilkiisii uu kiciyey in Cali loo doorto Khaliifkii xigay. Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Koowaad, xaaskii Nebiga, Caashaa, waxay soo saartay ciidan ka soo horjeeda Cali, iyada oo isku dayaysa inay u aarto dhimashadii Cuthmaan, balse waa lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Geela. Cali wuxuu isku dayay inuu xilka ka qaado guddoomiyihii Suuriya, Mucaawiya, kaas oo loo arkayay musuqmaasuq. Mucaawiya ayaa markaas dagaal ku dhawaaqay Cali waana lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Sifeyn. Go'aanka Cali ee ahaa inuu dhex-dhexaadin sameeyo ayaa ka caraysiiyey Khawaarijta, oo ahayd koox xagjir ah, kuwaas oo qabay in aan la dagaallamin qof dembiile ah awgeed, Cali uu isna noqday dembiile. Khawaarijtu way caasiyoobeen waxaana lagu jebiyey Dagaalkii Nahrawan balse nin Khawaariji ah ayaa gadaal ka dilay Cali. Wiilkiii Cali, Xasan bin Cali, ayaa loo doortay Khaliif wuxuuna saxiixay heshiis nabadeed si looga fogaado dagaal kale, isaga oo xilka uga degay Mucaawiya si uusan Mucaawiya u soo magacaabin qof beddela.{{sfnp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=67–72}}
[[File:Almuñécar, statue of Abd al-Rahman I.jpg|thumb|Taallo ay leedahay Cabduraxmaan I oo ku taal Almuñécar, Isbayn. Islaamku wuxuu gaaray Galbeedka Yurub 711 AD, markii Ṭariiq bin Siyaad uu galay Jasiiradda Iberia. Sanadkii 756, Cabduraxmaan wuxuu aasaasay Imaaradda Cordoba, isagoo ka aasaasay dowlad Islaami ah oo madaxbannaan al-Andalus.]]
Mucaawiya wuxuu bilaabay Saldanaddii Umawiyiinta isagoo u magacaabay wiilkiisii Yaziid inay isku xigaan, taasoo dhalisay Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Labaad. Intii uu socday Dagaalkii Karbala, Xuseen bin Cali, wiilka labaad ee Cali iyo awowgii nebiga, waxaa si arxan darro ah u dilay ciidamadii Yaziid; dhacdadii waxaa sannad walba xusaa Muslimiinta Shiicada ah ilaa maanta. Sunniga, oo uu hoggaaminayo Ibn al-Zubayr oo kasoo horjeeda khilaafad dhaxal ah, ayaa lagaga adkaaday Go'doomintii Makka. Khilaafyadan hoggaanka ayaa keenay inuu dhasho khilaafka Sunni-Shiicada,{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Harney |first=John |date=3 January 2016 |title=How Do Sunni and Shia Islam Differ? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/q-and-a-how-do-sunni-and-shia-islam-differ.html |access-date=4 January 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo Shiicadu ay aaminsan tahay in hoggaanku uu leeyahay qoyskii Nebiga (Ahl al-bayt).{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}
Hoggaankii Abu Bakr wuxuu kormeeray bilowgii ururinta Qur'aanka. Khaliifkii Cumar bin Cabdicasiis wuxuu dhisay guddigii, Todobadii Fuqaha ee Madiina,{{sfnp|Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr|2012|p=505}}&lt;ref&gt;''Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz'' By Imam Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam died 214 AH 829 C.E. Publisher Zam Zam Publishers Karachi, pp. 54–59&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana Malik bin Anas uu qoray mid ka mid ah buugagii ugu horreeyay ee ku saabsan fiiqhiga Islaamka, ''Muwatta'', oo ahayd is-afgarad ku saabsan aragtida culimadaas.{{sfnp|Coulson|1964|p=103}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |editor-last1=Houtsma |editor-first1=M.T. |editor-last2=Wensinck |editor-first2=A.J. |editor-last3=Lévi-Provençal |editor-first3=E. |editor-last4=Gibb |editor-first4=H.A.R. |editor-last5=Heffening |editor-first5=W. |series=Volume V: L—Moriscos |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1993 |edition=reprint |isbn=978-90-04-09791-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va6oSxzojzoC |pages=207– |access-date=19 September 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor=Moshe Sharon |title=Studies in Islamic History and Civilization: In Honour of Professor David Ayalon |year=1986 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789652640147 |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_wUAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA264 |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Khawaarijtu waxay aaminsanaayeen in uusan jirin dhexdhexaad la tanaasuli karo oo u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo xumaanta, iyo in muslim kasta oo gala dembi weyn uu noqonayo gaal. Erayga &quot;Khawaarij&quot; waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday in lagu tilmaamo ISIS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Mamouri|first=Ali|date=8 January 2015|title=Who are the Kharijites and what do they have to do with IS?|work=Al-monitor|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2015/01/islamic-state-kjarijites-continuation.html|access-date=6 March 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Murji'ah waxay barayeen in dadka toosan lagu xukumi karo Eebbe kaligii. Sidaa darteed, dembiilayaasha waxaa loo arki karaa inay marin habaabeen, laakiin aan lagu tilmaamin gaalo.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=43}} Dabeecaddan ayaa timid inay ku guulaysato caqiidada Islaamka ee ugu weyn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}}[[File:BalianofIbelin1490.jpg|thumb|Saliibiyiinta oo ku wareejinaya Qudus Muslimiinta sanadkii 1187 AD.]] Saldanaddii Umawiyiintu waxay qabsatay Maqrib, Jasiiradda Iberia, Gallia Narbonensis iyo Sindh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Donald |last=Puchala |title=Theory and History in International Relations |page=137 |publisher=Routledge |year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duullaamadii Islaamka ee hore waxaa lagu tilmaamay imperialism Islaami ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;n050&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last=Wright | first=Craig S | title=Arab Colonialism and the Roots of the Golden Age of Islam | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | date=2022 | issn=1556-5068 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.4020040 | url=https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4020040 | access-date=2026-04-24 | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umawiyiintu waxay la halgamayeen l'aynaansho sharci ah waxayna ku tiirsanaayeen ciidan aad loo taageero.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=45}} Maaddaama canshuurta Jizya ay ahayd canshuur ay bixiyaan kuwa aan muslimka ahayn oo ka reebayay adeegga ciidanka, Umawiyiintu waxay diideen inay aqoonsadaan islaam-gelitaanka kuwa aan Carabta ahayn, maadaama ay yaraynaysay dakhliga.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Iyadoo Khilaafadii Raashidiintu ay adkaysay adduunyo la'aanta, iyadoo Cumar uu xitaa dalbanayo in la tiriyo hantida sarkaal kasta,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first1=Ahmad Ibn Jabir|last1=Al-Biladhuri |first2=Philip|last2=Hitti|title=Kitab Futuhu'l-Buldan|page=219 |publisher=AMS Press |year=1969}}&lt;/ref&gt; raaxada Umawiyiinta ayaa dhalisay qancin la'aan dadka diinta ku adag.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Khawaarijtu waxay hoggaamiyeen Kacdoonkii Berber, taasoo horseeday dowladaha ugu horreeya ee Islaamka oo ka madax bannaan Khilaafada. Kacdoonkii Cabbasiyiinta, kuwa aan Carabta ahayn ee soo islaamay (Mawla), qabiilooyinkii Carabta ee ay Umawiyiintu meesha ka saareen, iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada ayaa midoobay oo riday Umawiyiinta, iyaga oo bilaabay Cabbasiyiinta oo caalami ah sanadkii 750.{{sfnp|Lewis|1993|pp=71–83}}
=== Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka (786–1258) ===
{{Further|Hadith studies|Islamic philosophy}}
{{See also|Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe|Turco-Persian tradition}}
[[File:Al-Risalah_al-Dhahabiah.JPG|thumb|Bog ka mid ah Al-Risala al-Dhahabiyya ee Imam Ali al-Rida (809 AD), oo ah tii ugu qiimaha badnayd ee shaqooyinka Islaamka ee Sayniska Caafimaadka. Waxaa ku jira qaybo saynis sida Anatomiya, Histoloji, Fisioloji, Kimistari iyo Patoloji intii sayniska caafimaadku uu wali ahaa mid bilow ah.]]
Al-Shafi'i wuxuu dejiyay hab lagu xaqiijiyo isku-halaynta xadiiska.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|p=86}} Waagii hore ee Ablaasiyiinta, aqoonyahanno sida Muhammad al-Bukhari iyo Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj waxay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Ahlusunna, halka aqoonyahanno sida Al-Kulayni iyo Ibn Babawayh ay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Shiicada. Astaamaha afar-madhab ee Ahlusunna—Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki, iyo Shafi'i—waxaa lagu tiiriyay dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Abū Ḥanīfa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Malik ibn Anas iyo al-Shafi'i. Taa beddelkeeda, dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Ja'far al-Sadiq waxay dhiseen Fiqhiga Ja'fari. Qarnigii 9aad, Al-Tabari wuxuu dhameystiray qafiskii ugu horreeyay ee Tafsiirka Quraanka, Tafsir al-Tabari, oo noqday mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu xigashada badan Ahlusunna Islaamka. Doobab ka mid ah Muslinka waxay ka fekereen ka-sallamaaynta nolosha duniyeed waxayna xoogga saareen saboolnimada, is-hoosaysiinta, iyo fogaanta dambiga ee ku basada diidmada rabitaanka jidhka. Zuhuudka sida Hasan al-Basri waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaq dib u zhugnaaday tasawwuf ama Sufi.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=90, 91}}

Waqtigan, dhibaatooyinka fiqiga, gaar ahaan doorashada xorta ah, waxay ahaayeen kuwo si adag loo maareeyay, iyadoo Hasan al-Basri uu qabay in kasta oo Eebbe uu og yahay waxa dadku sameynayaan, wanaagga iyo xintu ay ka yimaadaan isticmaalka qaldan ee doorashada xorta ah iyo Ibliiska.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|pp=38-39}}{{efn|&quot;Hasan al-Basri waxaa inta badan loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah dadkii ugu horreeyay ee diaday asalka malaa'igta ee ibliiska, isagoo ku doodaya in dhicitaankiisu yahay natiijada doorashadiisa xorta ah, oo ma ahan go'aanka Eebbe. Hasan al-Basri wuxuu sidoo kale ku dooday in malaa'igtu aysan awoodin dambiga ama khaladaadka oo ay ka sharaf badan yihiin aadanaha iyo xata cabsida nabiyada. Shiicada iyo Sunnida hore waxay ka soo horjeedeen ra'yigiisa.&lt;ref&gt;Omar Hamdan ''Studien zur Kanonisierung des Korantextes: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs Beiträge zur Geschichte des Korans'' Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 2006 {{ISBN|978-3447053495}} pp. 291–292 (German)&lt;/ref&gt;}} Falsafada Caqliga Giriiga waxay dhiirrigelisay dugsi feker oo loo yaqaan Mu'tazila, oo si ka muuqata u dooday fikradda doorashada xorta ah ee uu bilaabay Wasil ibn Ata.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=50}} Khaliif al-Mamun wuxuu ka dhigay caqiido rasmi ah wuxuuna si aan guul lahayn ugu doortay inuu ku qasbo booskan dadka intiisa badan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=88}} Khaliif Al-Mu'tasim wuxuu sameeyay Mihna, iyadoo Ahmad ibn Hanbal oo ilaalinaayay dhaqanka uu si muuqata u diaday inuu waafaqo fikradda Mu'tazila ee ah in Quraanku yahay ku dhacay halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa mid weligeed ah, taas oo ka dhigtay in la jilciyo oo lagu hayo qol madow muddo ku dhow soddon bilood.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Doi |first=Abdur Rahman |title=Shariah: The Islamic Law |location=London |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-907461-38-8 |page=110}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dugsiyada kale ee Kalam—Māturīdism oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi iyo Ash'ari oo uu aasaasay Al-Ash'ari—waxay ahaayeen kuwo si ballaaran loo qaatay. Falsafadyahannada sida Al-Farabi, Avicenna iyo Averroes waxay isku deyeyeen inay waafajiyaan fikradaha Aristotle iyo fundamentiinta Islaamka, iyagoo u dhow Iskolastikada Kiristanka ee Yuubka iyo shaqada Maimonides ee Yuhuudda, halka kuwo kale sida Al-Ghazali ay ka soo horjeedeen habkan oo ugu dambeyntii guuleysteen.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=160}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=126–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Al-Idrisi's_world_map.JPG|thumb|Tabula Rogeriana (1154 AD) ee al-Idrisi, oo ah mid ka mid ah khariidadaha dunida ee ugu horumarsanaa qarniyadii dhexe, oo la sameeyay Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.]]
Axdigan inta badan waxaa loo yaqaan Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=80, 92, 105}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|pp=661–663}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=56}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Lewis|1993|p=84}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012&quot;&gt;{{harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guulaha sayniska Islaamku waxay samaysteen qaybo badan oo maadooyin ah sida caafimaadka, xisaabta, astronomiga, iyo beeraha iyo sidoo kale fisigiska, dhaqaalaha, injineernimada iyo optigga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=King |first=David A. |year=1983 |title=The Astronomy of the Mamluks |journal=Isis |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=531–55 |doi=10.1086/353360 |s2cid=144315162 | issn=0021-1753}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan-1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y. al-Hassan |title=Islam and the Challenge of Modernity |chapter=Factors Behind the Decline of Islamic Science After the Sixteenth Century |editor-last=Al-Attas |editor-first=S. S. |editor-link=Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization |year=1996 |pages=351–399 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ854295.pdf|title=Contributions of Islamic scholars to the scientific enterprise|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The greatest scientific advances from the Muslim world|website=TheGuardian.com|date=February 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/feb/01/islamic-science|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Avicenna wuxuu ahaa horyaal ku saabsan caafimaadka tijaabada ah,&lt;ref&gt;Jacquart, Danielle (2008). &quot;Islamic Pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Theories and Substances&quot;. European Review (Cambridge University Press) 16: 219–227.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). &quot;Arab Roots of European Medicine&quot;, Heart Views 4 (2).&lt;/ref&gt; oo The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo isticmaalay qoraal caafimaad oo heer sare ah ee dunida Islaamka iyo Yurub qarniyo. Rhazes wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aqoonsaday cudurrada furfuraa iyo jadeecada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx|title=Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes) (c. 865-925)|publisher=sciencemuseum.org.uk|access-date=31 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 Bisha Shanaad 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506072259/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cisbitaallada dadweynaha ee waqtigaas waxay bixiyeen shahaadooyinka ugu horreeya ee caafimaadka si loogu ogolaado dhakhaatiirta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alatas |first=Syed Farid |year=2006 |title=From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue |url=https://zenodo.org/record/29439 |journal=Current Sociology |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=112–132 |doi=10.1177/0011392106058837 |s2cid=144509355 |access-date=12 September 2019 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Imamuddin |first=S.M. |title=Muslim Spain 711–1492 AD |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1981 |isbn=978-90-04-06131-6 |page=169}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibn al-Haytham waxaa loo tixgeliyaa aabaha habka sayniska ee casriga ah iyadoo inta badan loo sheego &quot;saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee runta ah ee dunida&quot;, gaar ahaan shaqadiisa optigga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author-link=Gerald J. Toomer|first=G. J. |last=Toomer |jstor=228328 |title=Review Work: Matthias Schramm (1963) ''Ibn Al-Haythams Weg zur Physik'' |journal=Isis |volume=55 |issue=4 |date=Dec 1964 |page=464 |quote=Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Al-Khalili |first=Jim |date=4 January 2009 |title=The 'first true scientist' |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gorini |first=Rosanna |date=October 2003 |title=Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision |journal=Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=53–55 |url=http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf |access-date=25 September 2008 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Injineernimada, walaalaha Banū Mūsā aaladdooda turumbada tooska ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ahaan lahayd mashinkii ugu horreeyay ee la barnamijayn karo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Koetsier |first1=Teun |title=On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mechanism-and-machine-theory_2001-05_36_5/page/589 |journal=Mechanism and Machine Theory |date=May 2001 |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=589–603 |doi=10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xisaabta Islaamka, fikradda algorithm waxaa lagu magacaabay Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, oo loo tixgeliyo aasaasaha aljabra, oo lagu magacaabay buugiisa al-jabr, halka kuwo kale ay soo saareen fikradda shaqada (function).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Katz |first1=Victor J. |author1-link=Victor J. Katz |last2=Barton |first2=Bill |title=Stages in the History of Algebra with Implications for Teaching |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-studies-in-mathematics_2007-10_66_2/page/185 |journal=Educational Studies in Mathematics |date=18 September 2007 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=185–201 |doi=10.1007/s10649-006-9023-7 |s2cid=120363574 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dowladda waxay siin jirtay saynisyahannada mushahar u dhigma mushaharka ciyaartoyda xirfadleyda ah ee maanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Ahmed|2006|pp=23, 42, 84}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guinness World Records wuxuu u aqoonsan yahay Jaamacadda Al Karaouine, oo la aasaasay 859, inay tahay jaamacadda ugu qadiimsan ee bixisa shahaadooyinka dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Young |first=Mark |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofwo1998newy |title=The Guinness Book of Records |year=1998 |page=242 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-57895-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dad badan oo aan Muslin ahayn, sida Kiristanka, Yuhuudda iyo Saabi'iinta,&lt;ref name=&quot;Brague 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam|first=Rémi |last=Brague|year= 2009| isbn=9780226070803| page =164|publisher=University of Chicago Press|quote=Neither were there any Muslims among the Ninth-Century translators. Almost all of them were Christians of various Eastern denominations: Jacobites, Melchites, and, above all, Nestorians... A few others were Sabians.}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay guntadeen ilbaxnimada Islaamka qaybo meelaha ah,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill-1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hill |first=Donald |author-link=Donald Routledge Hill |title=Islamic Science and Engineering |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=1993 |page=4 |isbn=0-7486-0455-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brague-Assyrians&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Brague |first=Rémi |author-link=Rémi Brague |title=Assyrians contributions to the Islamic civilization |url=http://www.christiansofiraq.com/assyriancontributionstotheislamiccivilization.htm |website=Christians of Iraq |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo machadka loo yaqaan Bayt al-Hikma wuxuu u shaqaaleysiiyay aqoonyahanno Kiristan iyo Faarisi ah si ay ugu turjumaan shaqooyinka luqadda Carabiga iyo si ay u soosaaraan aqoon cusub.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meri-Bacharach-2006&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Meri |editor-first1=Josef W. |editor-link1=Josef W. Meri |editor-last2=Bacharach |editor-first2=Jere L. |editor-link2=Jere L. Bacharach |title=Hadith |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |year=2006 |page=304 |isbn=978-0415966917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MypbfKdMePIC&amp;pg=PA304 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Saliba-1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George Saliba |title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam |location=New York |publisher=New York University Press |year=1994 |pages=245, 250, 256–57 |isbn=0-8147-8023-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Cheshm manuscript.jpg|thumb|Anatomiya ee isha oo uu samaystay Hunayn ibn Ishaq, oo mas'uul ka ahaa turjumida Bayt al-Hikma waagii Boqortooyada Ablaasiyiinta, 1200 AD.]]Askartu waxay ka go'een boqortooyadii Ablaasiyiinta waxayna dhiseen khilaafadooda propriyada ah, sida Tulunids oo 868 ku tirsanaa Masar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Holt|first=Peter Malcolm|author-link=Peter Holt (historian)|title=The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, 1098–1291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0qLHVGgH7AC&amp;pg=PA8|year=2004|publisher=Pearson Longman|isbn=978-0-582-36931-3|page=6|access-date=2 February 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo boqortooyada Ghaznavid oo 977 ku tirsanaa Aasiyada Dhexe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Islamic Central Asia: an anthology of historical sources |editor-first1=Scott Cameron |editor-last1=Levi |editor-first2=Ron |editor-last2=Sela |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2010 |page=83}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaybsanaantan waxay keentay Qarnigii Shiicada, oo u dhaxeeyay 945 iyo 1055, oo la arkay kor u kaca dhaqdhaqaaqa Isma'ili Shiicada. Koox Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Fatimid, waxay gacanta ku dhigeen Waqooyiga Afrika qarnigii 10aad&lt;ref&gt;Neue Fischer Weltgeschichte &quot;Islamisierung in Zentralasien bis zur Mongolenzeit&quot; Band 10: Zentralasien, 2012, p. 191 (German)&lt;/ref&gt; iyo koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, Qarmatians, waxay boobeen Makka waxayna xadeen Hajar al-Aswad, oo ah dhagaxa ku dhex jira Kacbada, dib-u-jabayntooda aan guulaysan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Glubb |first=John Bagot |title=Mecca (Saudi Arabia) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mecca#ref887188 |access-date=18 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Buyid, waxay qabsadeen Baqdaad waxayna ka dhigeen Ablaasiyiinta boqortooyo magac ah oo kaliya. Boqortooyada Seljuk ee Ahlusunna waxay u dhaqaaqday inay mar kale adkayso Islaamka Ahlusunna iyagoo faafinayay ra'yiyada aqoonyahanada waqtigaas, gaar ahaan dhisidda machadyada waxbarashada ee loo yaqaan Nizamiyyas, oo la xiriira al-Ghazali iyo Saadi Shirazi.&lt;ref&gt;Andreas Graeser ''Zenon von Kition: Positionen u. Probleme'' Walter de Gruyter 1975 {{ISBN|978-3-11-004673-1}} p. 260&lt;/ref&gt; Faaftada dunida Muslinka waxay sii socotay iyadoo ergooyinka diinta ay u badaleen Volga Bulgaria Islaamka. Sultanada Delhi waxay gaadhay gudaha qaarad-hoosaadka Hindiya oo kuwo badan ayaa u badalay Islaamka,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=227–228}} gaar ahaan Hinduga heerka hoose ee faracoodu ka kooban yahay inta badan Muslinka Hindiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36220329|title=Why are many Indian Muslims seen as untouchable?|publisher=BBCnews|date=10 May 2016|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ganacsigu wuxuu keenay Muslin badan oo Shiinaha ah, halkaas oo ay si buuxda u xukumi jireen warshadaha soo dejinta iyo ka deerinta ee boqortooyada Song.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Islam in China |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/china_1.shtml |access-date=10 August 2011 |publisher=BBC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka waxaa loo qortay maamulayaal la doortay oo heer sare ah boqortooyada Yuan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lipman|first=Jonathan Newman|title=Familiar Strangers, a history of Muslims in Northwest China|location=Seattle, WA|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-295-97644-0|page=33}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Casrigii Ka-horreeyay Casriga Cusub (1258 – Qarnigii 18aad) ===
{{Further|Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam}}
[[File:GhazanConversionToIslam.JPG|thumb|Muuqaal qarnigii 14aad ee Ghazan, oo ahaa boqorkii 7aad ee Ilkhanate ee Boqortooyada Mongol, oo Islaamay.]]
Pobalka ganacsiga Muslinka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa tariiqooyinka Sufida dhiigooda,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=125–258}} Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay dhulal cusub&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Spread of Islam |url=http://www.yale.edu/yup/pdf/cim6.pdf |access-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinkuna waxay la dhex-galeen dhaqammo cusub. Hoos kaga jirtay Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay Koonfur-bari Yuuroop.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=6 May 2008 |title=Ottoman Empire |publisher=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&amp;_pos=3 |access-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 Bisha Shanaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525072847/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&amp;_pos=3 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamidda inta badan waxay lahayd heer sinkretisam ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Islamic and European Expansion |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1993 |editor-last=Adas |editor-first=Michael |location=Philadelphia |page=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; sida uu muujinayo muuqaalka Muhammad ee suugaanta dadweynaha ee Hinduga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara |title=Islam in South Asia in Practice |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2009 |page=104}}&lt;/ref&gt; Turkida Muslinka ah waxay ku dareen walxaha caqiidada Shamanisamka Turkida Islaamka.{{efn|&quot;Sannadaha dhow, fikradda sinkretisamka waa la dhuftay. Maaddaama ay maqan tahay awood lagu go'aamiyo ama lagu tixgeliyo caqiidada Ortodokska ee ku saabsan Islaamka, aqoonyahannada qaarkood waxay ku doodayaan inaysan jirin caqiidooyinka la qresheeyay, oo kaliya ee la amray habka, Islaamka ka hor qarnigii 16aad.{{sfnp|Peacock|2019|p=20–22}}}}{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|pp=1425–1429}} Muslinka ku jira Boqortooyada Ming ee Shiinaha oo ka soo jeeda soo-galootigii hore waa la la-dhex-galay, mararka qaar shuruuc ku dhiirrigelisa dhex-galka,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor1-last=Farmer|editor1-first=Edward L.|title=Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule|date=1995|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004103910|page=82|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCIjZ7l6TX8C&amp;pg=PA82|access-date=19 February 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyagoo qaatay magacyada Shiinaha iyo dhaqanka halka Nanjing uu noqday xarun muhiim ah ee barashada Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;Israeli, Raphael (2002). ''Islam in China''. p. 292. Lexington Books. {{ISBN|0-7391-0375-X}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dillon |first=Michael |year=1999 |title=China's Muslim Hui Community |publisher=Curzon |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasmuslimhuic00dill |isbn=978-0-7007-1026-3 |page=37 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndhex-galka dhaqanka wuxuu ahaay mid muuqda iyadoo la yaraysay saamaynta Carabta ka dib burburintii Mongol ee Khilafadii Ablaasiyiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=497}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khanates-ka Mongol ee Muslinka ah ee ku jira Iiraan iyo Aasiyada Dhexe waxay ka faa'iideysteen kordhinta helitaanka dhaqammada ee Bariga Aasiya oo hoos jirtay xukunkii Mongol sidaas darteed waxay u horumareen oo ay u samaysteen si ka duwan saamaynta Carabta, sida Dib-u-dhalashadii Timurid oo hoos jirtay boqortooyada Timurid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Subtelny |first=Maria Eva |date=November 1988 |title=Socioeconomic Bases of Cultural Patronage under the Later Timurids |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/socioeconomic-bases-of-cultural-patronage-under-the-later-timurids/2A0F3018EE155F23FC4A7F5F25D7DE6D |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=479–505 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800053861 |s2cid=162411014 |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wuxuu soo bandhigay qaabka xisaabta oo ka dib loo dooday inuu qaatay Copernicus isagoo aan waxba ka badalin qaabkiisa heliocentric-ka,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=1999|title=Nasir al-Din al-Tusi|publisher=University of St Andrews|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Tusi_Nasir/|access-date=27 August 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo qiyaasta pi ee Jamshīd al-Kāshī ma aysan dhaafin 180 sano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=1999 |title=Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi |publisher=University of St Andrews |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Kashi/ |access-date=29 December 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg|thumb|Mehmed II oo galaya Constantinople.]]
Ka dib markii la soo bandhigay hubka baaruda, dawlado waaweyn oo dhawaan xabbada lahaa oo Muslin ah ayaa ku bashqaday boqortooyoyinka baaruda, kuwaas oo hore u kala qaybsanaay dhulal kala duwan. Khilafada waxaa sheegtay boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo sheegashadooda la adkeeyay 1517 markii Selim I uu noqday taliyaha Makka iyo Madiina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Drews |first=Robert |url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/publications/ |title=Coursebook: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, to the Beginnings of Modern Civilization |date=August 2011 |publisher=Vanderbilt University |chapter=Chapter Thirty – &quot;The Ottoman Empire, Judaism, and Eastern Europe to 1648&quot; |chapter-url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/files/2014/01/Chapter-Thirty.-The-Ottoman-Empire-Judaism-and-Eastern-Europe-to-1648.pdf |access-date=21 April 2020 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Boqortooyada Shiicada ee Safavid waxay ku korortay awoodda 1501 ka dibna waxay qabsatay dhammaan Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;Peter B. Golden: An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples; In: Osman Karatay, Ankara 2002, p. 321&lt;/ref&gt; Koonfurta Aasiya, Babur wuxuu aasaasay Boqortooyada Mughal.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|last=Gilbert|first=Marc Jason|title=South Asia in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dhKDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA75|year=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-066137-3|pages=75|access-date=15 January 2023|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diinta dawladaha ku dhex-jira ee boqortooyoyinka baaruda waxay saamaysay dhaqanka diimeed ee dadkooda ku dhex-jira. Wada-noolaanshaha u dhexeeya taliyayaasha Cusmaaniyiinta iyo Sufinimada wuxuu si adag u saameeyay xukunkii Islaamka ee Cusmaaniyiinta tan iyo bilowgii. Tariiqada Mevlevi iyo Bektashis waxay lahaayeen xiriir dhow oo ay la lahaayeen sultannada,&lt;ref&gt;Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 540&lt;/ref&gt; maaddaama noocyada Sufi-suufiyada ah iyo kuwo kale oo sinkretik ah ee Islaamka ay u horumareen si muuqata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Algar |first=Ayla Esen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fc69BhBDjhwC&amp;q=ottomans+sufism |title=The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, Art, and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey |page=15 |date=1 January 1992 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07060-8 |access-date=29 April 2020 |via=Google Books |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Badanaa qasabka dhex-galka Safavid ee Iiraan ee Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha ee Boqortooyada Safavid wuxuu xaqiijiyay xukunkii dambe ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Shiicada. Soo-galootiga Faarisiga ah ee Koonfurta Aasiya, maaddaama ay ahaayeen maamulayaal saamayntooda leh iyo milkiilayaal dhul, waxay caawiyeen faafinta Islaamka Shiicada, iyagoo dhisay qaar ka mid ah dadka ugu waaweyn ee Shiicada ee ka baxsan Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/conversion-iii|title=CONVERSION To Imami Shiʿism in India|publisher=Iranica Online|language=English|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nader Shah, oo riday Safavids, wuxuu isku deyey inuu wanaajiyo xiriirka Ahlusunna ee Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo la faafinayo dhex-galka Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Ahlusunna sida madhabka shanaad, oo loo yaqaan Ja'farism,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Nadir Shah and the Ja 'fari Madhhab Reconsidered |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=27 |issue=1–4 |date=1994 |pages=163–179 |doi=10.1080/00210869408701825 |jstor=4310891}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo ku dhiirran waayay inuu helo aqoonsi ka soo baxa Cusmaaniyiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Nāder Shāh |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nader-shah |date=29 March 2006 |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |access-date=9 March 2021 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Casrigii Casriga Ahaa (Qarniyadii 18aad–20aad) ===
[[File:Portrait Caliph Abdulmecid II.jpg|thumb|Sawirka Khaliifkii ugu dambeeyay Abdülmecid II, ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, 1923.]]

Horey qarnigii 14aad, Ibn Taymiyya wuxuu dhiirrigeliyay qaab daahir ah oo Islaamka ah, isagoo diaday hababka falsafada si uu u doorbido fiqhiga fudud,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Mary Hawkesworth, Maurice Kogan ''Encyclopedia of Government and Politics: 2-volume set'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-1-136-91332-7}} pp. 270–271&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna ugu baaqay in loo furo albaabada ijtihadka halkii indho la'aan loogu dayan lahaa aqoonyahannada.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=150}} Wuxuu ugu baaqay jihad ka dhan ah kuwa uu u tixgeliyay gaalo,{{Refn|group=note|Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} p. 6}} laakiin qoraalladiisu waxay lahaayeen oo kaliya doorkii ugu yaraa intii uu babacayay.{{Refn|group=note|Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri. SUNY Press. pp. 129–130.}} Qarnigii 18aad ee Carabiya, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, oo ay saameeyeen shaqooyinka Ibn Taymiyya iyo Ibn al-Qayyim, wuxuu aasaasay dhaqdhaqaaq loo yaqaan Wahhabism si loo laabto waxa uu u arkay Islaamka aan la badalin.&lt;ref&gt;Donald Quataert ''The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-83910-5}} p. 50&lt;/ref&gt; Wuxuu cambaareeyay caadooyinka badan ee maxalliga ah ee Islaamka, sida bisitaynta qabriga Muhammad ama Imamyada Shiicada, maaddaama ay yihiin bidco cusub iyo dambi&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 260&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna burburiyay dhagaxyada iyo geedaha xurmada leh, goobaha Sufida, Qabuuraha al-Baqi, qabuuraha Muhammad iyo asxaabtiisa iyo Qabriga Imam Husayn, oo ah goob muhiim ah oo loo bisiteeyo Shiicada.{{Refn|group=note|Graves desecrated in Mizdah, Libya Herald, 2013}}{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=146}} Wuxuu dhisay isbahaysi uu la leeyahay qoyska Saud, oo marka la joogo 1920-yadii ay dhammaystireen qabsashadooda dhulka noqon doona Sacuudi Carabiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Musa-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite thesis |title=The Emergence of a Scholar from a Garrison Society: A contextual analysis of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhāb's doctrine in the light of the Qur'ān and Hadīth |url=https://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/id/eprint/2096/ |publisher=University of Wales Trinity Saint David |date=2022-08-23 |degree=masters |language=en |first=Shahajada Md |last=Musa |access-date=19 December 2023 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nicolas Laos ''The Metaphysics of World Order: A Synthesis of Philosophy, Theology, and Politics'' Wipf and Stock Publishers 2015 {{ISBN|978-1-4982-0102-5}} p. 177&lt;/ref&gt; Ma Wanfu iyo Ma Debao waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa salafida qarnigii 19aad sida Sailaifengye ee Shiinaha ka dib markii ay ka soo laabteen Makka laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa dhibay oo lagu qasbay inay dhuuntaan kooxaha Sufida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Barry M.|last=Rubin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&amp;pg=PA79|page=79|title=Guide to Islamist Movements|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=0-7656-1747-1|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxaha kale waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Sufinimada halkii ay ka diadi lahaayeen, iyagoo Senusiyya iyo Muhammad Ahmad ay labadooduba dagaallameen oo ay dhiseen dawlado ku kala yaalla Liibiya iyo Sudaan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=147}} Hindiya, Shah Waliullah Dehlawi wuxuu isku deyey qaab dib u heshiisiin ah oo ka dhan ah Sufinimada wuxuuna saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=149}} Jawaab ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi, dhaqdhaqaaqa Barelwi waxaa loo aasaasay sida dhaqdhaqaaq dadweyne, iyadoo la difaacaayay Sufinimada caanka ah oo la dib u habaynayay dhaqankeeda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Canfield |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3JhKNSk8tQC&amp;pg=PAPA131 |title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52291-5 |pages=131– |access-date=1 December 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sanyal |first=Usha |date=23 July 1998 |title=Generational Changes in the Leadership of the Ahl-e Sunnat Movement in North India during the twentieth Century |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/generational-changes-in-the-leadership-of-the-ahle-sunnat-movement-in-north-india-during-the-twentieth-century/8AAAC4CFEFC4F4084731C3964A5CAE84 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=635–656 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X98003059 |via=Cambridge Core |access-date=23 February 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Interior of Al Aqsa Mosque Jerusalem. 1900-1910 (id.22715311).jpg|thumb|Sannadkii 1969 Dabka Masjidka Al-Aqsa, oo sidoo cuali burburiyay Minbarkii Saladin, wuxuu keenay ver-xaasidnimo taabtay dunida Muslinka wuxuuna ahaa kicin muhiim ah oo loo aasaasay Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka.]]
Dunida Muslinka waxay guud ahaan ku jirtay hoos u dhac siyaasadeed markii ay bilaabatay 1800-yadii, gaar ahaan marka la barbardhigo awoodaha Yuuroop ee aan Muslinka ahayn. Horey, qarnigii 15aad, Reconquista waxay ku guuleysatay inay dhameeyo joogitaanka Muslinka ee Iberia. Marka la joogo qarnigii 19aad, British East India Company waxay si rasmi ah u qabsatay boqortooyada Mughal ee Hindiya.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=358, 378–380, 624}} Sida jawaab ka dhan ah Imperialisamka Reer Galbeedka, aqoonyahanno badan waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Buzpinar |first=Ş. Tufan |date=March 2007 |title=Celal Nuri's Concepts of Westernization and Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-eastern-studies_2007-03_43_2/page/247 |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.1080/00263200601114091 |jstor=4284539|s2cid=144461915 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Casriyeynta Islaamka, oo markii hore loo bixiyay aqoonyahannada Reer Galbeedka sida Salafiyya, waxay soo dhoweysay qiimayaasha casriga ah iyo machadyada sida demokaraasiyada iyadoo la raacaayo qoraallada diinta. Hogaamiyayaasha muhiimka ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa ka mid ah Muhammad 'Abduh iyo Jamal al-Din al-Afghani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|pages=231–232}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abul A'la Maududi wuxuu caawiyay saamaynta Islaamka siyaasadeed ee casriga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 January 2014 |title=Political Islam: A movement in motion |work=Economist Magazine |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2014/01/political-islam |access-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Wilfred Cantwell |title=Islam in Modern History |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1957 |isbn=0-691-03030-8 |page=233 |author-link=Wilfred Cantwell Smith}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku dhow qaanuunka casriga ah, shariicada markii ugu horreysay ayaa qayb ahaan loo qoray shaqo ahaan sannadkii 1869 ku dhex-jirtay koodka Mecelle ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta. Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta waxay dissilftay ka dib Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Dunida, Khilafadii Cusmaaniyiinta waa la joojiyay 1924&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 June – 5 July 2000 |title=New Turkey |work=Al-Ahram Weekly |issue=488 |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=16 May 2010 |archive-date=4 Bisha Tobnaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004145229/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Khilafadii Sharifian ee ka dib waxay u dhacday si doob ah,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=الوطن |first1=جريدة |last2=webmaster |date=2020-05-05 |title=&quot;مملكة الحجاز&quot;.. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح |url=https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=جريدة الوطن |language=ar |url-status=dead |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516230552/https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bani Issa |first=Mohammad Saleh |date=2023-11-01 |title=Factors of stability and sustainable development in Jordan in its first centenary 1921–2021 (an analytical descriptive study) |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=11 |article-number=e20993 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20993 |issn=2405-8440 |doi-access=free|pmid=37928029 |pmc=10623165 |bibcode=2023Heliy...920993B }}&lt;/ref&gt; sidaas darteed iyadoo ka tagaysa Islaamka oo aan lahayn Khaliif.&lt;ref name=&quot;والخلفاء-2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=والخلفاء |first=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r-5EAAAQBAJ |title=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية والخلفاء |date=2023-03-31 |publisher=Austin Macauley Publishers |isbn=978-1-3984-9251-6 |language=en |access-date=26 December 2023 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Taageerayaasha Mideynta Islaamka waxay isku deyeyeen inay mideeyaan Muslinka waxayna tartan la galeen awoodaha qarannimada ee korayay, sida Pan-Arabisamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Doran |first=Michael |title=Pan-Arabism before Nasser: Egyptian power politics and the Palestine question |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford university press |isbn=978-0-19-512361-6 |series=Studies in Middle Eastern history |location=New York Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Landau |first=Yaʿaqov M. |title=The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization |date=1994 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-827709-5 |edition=[Rev. and updated] paperback (with additions and corr.) |location=Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka (OIC), oo ka kooban waddamada Muslinka ah, waxaa la aasaasay 1969 ka dib gubiddii Masjidka Al-Aqsa ee Qudus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 December 2010 |title=Organization of the Islamic Conference |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1555062.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xiriirka la la leeyahay waddamada warshadaha leh wuxuu keenay dadka Muslinka ah dhulal cusub iyada oo loo marayo u-guuritaanka dhaqaalaha. Muslin badan ayaa u guuray sida shaqaale heshiis ku jooga (u badan oo ka yimid Hindiya iyo Indoneesiya) Karibiyaanka, iyagoo dhisay dadka ugu waaweyn ee Muslinka ah inta la joogo boqolkiiba ee Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{sfnp|Haddad|Smith|2002|p=271}}&lt;/ref&gt; U-guuritaanka ka yimid Siiriya iyo Lubnaan wuxuu ku soo kordhiyay dadka Muslinka ah ee Laatiin Ameerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Zabel|first=Darcy|title=Arabs in the Americas: Interdisciplinary Essays on the Arab Diaspora|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2006|isbn=9780820481111|location=Austria|page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Natiijadii magaalooyinka iyo kordhinta ganacsiga ee Afrika ka hooseysa Saxara waxay keentay Muslinka inay degaan dhulal cusub oo ay faafiyaan diintooda, iyadoo lagu qiyaasay inay laba-laabatay dadkeeda Muslinka ah u dhaxeysa 1869 iyo 1914.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=722}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Casrigii ee Horumarsanaa (Qarnigii 20aad–Ilaa Hada) ===
[[File:13. Session of the Islamic Summit Conference.jpg|thumb|Hoggaamiyeyaasha dalalka Islaamka intii uu socday kalfadhigii 2016 ee Shirka Iskaashiga Islaamka ee Istambul, Turkiga. Trikiiba saddex sano, OIC waxay isku brings dhammaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Muslinka.|upright=1.35]]
Aabbayaashii casriyeynta Islaamka waxay saameeyeen dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka sida Ikhwaanul Muslimeen iyo xisbiyada la xiriira ee dunida Carabta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 August 2011 |title=Are secular forces being squeezed out of Arab Spring? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14447820 |access-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=23 December 2008 |title=Jordanian students rebel, embracing conservative Islam |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/world/middleeast/24jordan.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuwaas oo si wanaagsan uga dhex muuqday doorashooyinkii ka dambeeyay Guudkii Carabta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kirkpatrick |first=David D. |date=3 December 2011 |title=Egypt's vote puts emphasis on split over religious rule |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/world/middleeast/egypts-vote-propels-islamic-law-into-spotlight.html |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jamaat-e-Islami ee Koonfurta Aasiya iyo Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarinta (AK Party), oo si kemokaraasi ah xukuma Turkiga tobanaan sano. Iiraan, Kacdoonkii Iiraan wuxuu beddelay boqortooyadii laimaaniyadda ee Reer Galbeedku taageerayay iyadoo la dhisay Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah. Kuwa kale sida Sayyid Rashid Rida waxay ka go'een casriyeeyayaasha Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|page=237|quote=&quot;Prior to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, leading reformers who happened to be Salafi in creed were surprisingly open-minded: although they adhered to neo-Hanbali theology. However, the aftermath of the First World War and the expansion of European colonialism paved the way for a series of shifts in thought and attitude. The experiences of Rida offer many examples... he turned against the Shi'is who dared, with reason, to express doubts about the Saudi-Wahhabi project... . Shi'is were not the only victims: Rida and his associates showed their readiness to turn against fellow Salafis who questioned some of the Wahhabis' religious interpretations.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxayna ka hortageen soo dhowaynta waxa uu u arkayay saamaynta Reer Galbeedka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=G. Rabil|first=Robert|title=Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-62616-116-0|location=Washington DC, US|pages=32–33|quote=&quot;Western colonialists established in these countries political orders... that, even though not professing enmity to Islam and its institutions, left no role for Islam in society. This caused a crisis among Muslim reformists, who felt betrayed not only by the West but also by those nationalists, many of whom were brought to power by the West...  Nothing reflects this crisis more than the ideological transformation of Rashid Rida (1865–1935)... He also revived the works of Ibn Taymiyah by publishing his writings and promoting his ideas. Subsequently, taking note of the cataclysmic events brought about by Western policies in the Muslim world and shocked by the abolition of the caliphate, he transformed into a Muslim intellectual mostly concerned about protecting Muslim culture, identity, and politics from Western influence. He supported a theory that essentially emphasized the necessity of an Islamic state in which the scholars of Islam would have a leading role... Rida was a forerunner of Islamist thought. He apparently intended to provide a theoretical platform for a modern Islamic state. His ideas were later incorporated into the works of Islamic scholars. Significantly, his ideas influenced none other than Hassan al-Bannah, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt... The Muslim Brethren have taken up Rida's Islamic fundamentalism, a right-wing radical movement founded in 1928,..&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kooxda ISIS waxay xitaa isku deyday inay dib u samayso diinaarkii dahabka ahaa ee casriga ahaa si uu u noqdo pambakooda lacagta. Halka kuwii ka go'ay ay qaarkood ahaayeen kuwa ka gaabsada siyaasadda, kuwo kale waxay rumechsanaayeen dhibaataynta kuwa ka soo horjeeda, xitaa Muslinka kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins |title=Isis to mint own Islamic dinar coins in gold, silver and copper |work=The Guardian |date=21 November 2014 |access-date=31 July 2022 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka hortagga dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka, qarnigii 20aad ee Turkiga, ciidanku waxay sameeyeen afgembiyo si ay xukuumadaha Islaamiga ah uga tuuraan xukanka, sidoo kale xijabka ayaa si sharci ah loo xaddiday, sida ay sidoo kale ka dhacday Tuniisiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 April 2011 |title=Huge rally for Turkish secularism |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6604643.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Saleh |first=Heba |date=15 October 2011 |title=Tunisia moves against headscarves |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6053380.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhulalka kale, awoodda diinta ayaa la maamulay iyada oo hadda loo arko puppeto oo ay dawladdu maamusho. Tusaale ahaan, Sacuudi Carabiya, dawladdu waxay keligeed maamushay aqoonta diinta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 June 2007 |title=Laying down the law: Islam's authority deficit |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2007/06/28/islams-authority-deficit |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Masar, dawladdu waxay qarameysay Jaamacadda Al-Azhar, oo hore u ahayd igo madax-bannaan oo xaddida awoodda dawladda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| title = The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought| last1 = Bowering | first1 = Gerhard | last2=Mirza |first2=Mahan |last3=Crone |first3=Patricia| year = 2013 | publisher = Princeton University Press | page=59| isbn = 9780691134840
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salafiyada waxaa dhaqaale lagu siiyay Bariga Dhexe sababtoo ah ka gaabsashadeeda siyaasadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=18 October 2008 |title=Ultraconservative Islam on rise in Mideast |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna27256187 |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=MSNBC |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sacuudi Carabiya waxay ololayso ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiga ah ee kacdoonka ah ee Bariga Dhexe, iyadoo ka soo horjeedda Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Almukhtar |first1=Sarah |last2=Peçanha |first2=Sergio |last3=Wallace |first3=Tim |date=5 January 2016 |title=Behind Stark Political Divisions, a More Complex Map of Sunnis and Shiites |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/sunni-shiite-map-middle-east-iran-saudi-arabia.html |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiro yar oo Muslin ah oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha kala duwan ayaa loo dhibay sida koox diimeed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Thames |first1=Knox |title=Why the Persecution of Muslims Should Be on Biden's Agenda |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/muslims-islam-china-india-myanmar-persecution-repression-biden-human-rights/ |work=Foreign Policy Magazine |date=6 January 2021 |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tan waxaa sameeyay xoogagga shuuciga ah sida Khmer Rouge, kuwaas oo u arkayay inay yihiin armigooda koowaad ee la cirbootinayo maaddaama dhaqankooda diimeed uu ka dhigay kuwa ka dhex muuqda dadka kale,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Perrin |first=Andrew |date=10 October 2003 |title=Weakness in numbers |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/archive/6894001/weakness-in-numbers/ |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xisbiga Shuuciga Shiinaha ee Xinjiang&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Beydoun |first1=Khaled A. |title=For China, Islam is a 'mental illness' that needs to be 'cured' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/china-islam-mental-illness-cured-181127135358356.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo xoogagga qarannimada sida intii uu socday xasuuqii Bosniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Mojzes |first=Paul |title=Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4422-0663-2|page=178}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ciidanka Miyanmaar ee Tatmadaw oo bartilmaameedsanayay Muslinka Rohingya waxaa loogu yeeray dambi ka dhan ah aadamnimada ay sameeyeen Qaraamada Midoobay iyo Amnesty International,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Oliver Holmes |date=19 December 2016 |title=Myanmar's Rohingya campaign 'may be crime against humanity' |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/19/myanmars-rohingya-campaign-may-be-against-humanity |url-status=live |access-date=5 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 December 2016|title=Rohingya abuse may be crimes against humanity: Amnesty|website=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/19/rohingya-abuse-may-be-crimes-against-humanity-amnesty/|access-date=2023-02-21|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka Xafiiska Qaraamada Midoobay ee Wakiilka Sare ee Xaqiiqo-raadinta uu ka helay xasuuq, sifeyn qowmiyadeed, iyo dambiyo kale oo ka dhan ah aadamnimada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/MyanmarFFM/Pages/ReportoftheMyanmarFFM.aspx|title=Report of Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar |date=27 August 2018|website=ohchr.org|access-date=14 August 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Horumarka isgaarsiinta dunida wuxuu teshay faafinta ballaaran ee aqoonta diinta. Qaadashada xijabka waxay noqotay mid ka sii badan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=28 January 2007 |title=In Egypt, a new battle begins over the veil |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28slackman.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo aqoonyahanno badan oo Muslin ah waxay si kordhayay isku deyayaan inay ka soocaan caqiidooyinka diinta Islaamka iyo dhaqammada caadiga ah.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=41}} Kooxaha kale dhexdiisa, helitaanka macluumaadka wuxuu keenay kordhinta wacdiyayaasha &quot;televangelist&quot; ee caanka ah, sida Amr Khaled, kuwaas oo kula tartama culumada caadiga ah gaaritaankooda oo ay ka dhigeen awoodda diinta mid aan hal xarun ku dhuftayn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=263}} Sharraxaadaha &quot;gaarka ah&quot; ee Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;V. Šisler: ''The Internet and the Construction of Islamic Knowledge in Europe'' p. 212&lt;/ref&gt; waxay si muuqata u dhex-galaan Muslinka Liberaalka ah oo isku deyaya inay waafajiyaan dhaqammada diinta iyo xukunkii laimaaniyadda ee casriga ah,{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=118–119, 179}}{{sfnp|Rippin|2001|p=288}} hab ka mid ah kuwa ay dhaleeceeyeen qaarkood oo ku saabsan waafaqsanaantiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Adams, Charles J.|editor1-last=Esposito|editor1-first=John L.|title=Voices of Resurgent Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen|url-access=registration|date=1983|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen/page/113 113–4] |chapter=Maududi and the Islamic State|quote=[Maududi believed that] when religion is relegated to the personal realm, men inevitably give way to their bestial impulses and perpetrate evil upon one another. In fact it is precisely because they wish to escape the restraints of morality and the divine guidance that men espouse secularism.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Meisami|first=Sayeh|date=2013|title='Abdolkarim Soroush |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0034.xml|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-12 |website=Oxford Bibliographies|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale, laimaaniyaddu waxaa loo arkaa fikrad shisheeye oo ay ku soo impose gareeyeen qabsadayaashii oo ay adkeeyeen maamulayaasha ka dambeeyay gumeysiga,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Secularism, State Neutrality, and Islam|author=Abdullah Saeed|encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Secularism|editor1=Phil Zuckerman|editor2=John R. Shook |url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/abstract/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199988457-e-12|year=2017|page=188 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.12|isbn=978-0-19-998845-7|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo inta badan loo fahmo inay u dhiganto ka-horjeedda diinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|author=Nader Hashemi|title=Secularism|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0714|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tirada Dadka ==
{{Main|Dunida Muslinka|Ummah}}

{{See also|Islaamka waddan ahaan|Koraanka dadka Muslinka ah}}
[[File:2020+ Proportion of people in world religions.svg |thumb|Boqolkiiba inta qof ee diimaha dunida. Muslinku waxay ka yihiin dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, taas oo ah tiro yar oo ka hooseysa Masiixiyiinta.&lt;ref name=Pew_20250609&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hackett |first1=Conrad |last2=Stonawski |first2=Marcin |last3=Tong |first3=Yunping |last4=Kramer |first4=Stephanie |last5=Shi |first5=Anne |last6=Fahmy |first6=Dalia |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |publisher=Pew Research Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222070137/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |archive-date=22 February 2026 |date=9 June 2025 |url-status=live |quote=Source: Pew Research Center estimates based on more than 2,700 censuses and surveys. &quot;How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Marka la joogo 2020, dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, ama dhawaan 2&amp;nbsp;bilyan oo qof, waa Muslin.&lt;ref name=&quot;pewresearch.orgReligion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project |date=21 December 2022 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128120036/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.pewresearch.org-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 December 2022 |title=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205195540/https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|date=27 January 2011|access-date=26 October 2022|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930233955/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | title=Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world | date=9 August 2017 | access-date=19 December 2022 | archive-date=8 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108121140/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Growth-2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |author-link2=Conrad Hackett |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-date=2019-05-14 |website=Fact Tank |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=2017-04-06 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1900, qiyaastani waxay ahayd 12.3%,&lt;ref name=&quot;Barrett-2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Barrett |first1=David B. |last2=Kurian |first2=George T. |last3=Johnson |first3=Todd M. |title=World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World |volume=1: The World by Countries: Religionists, Churches, Ministries |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |page=4 |isbn=978-0195079630 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannadkii 1990 waxay ahayd 19.9%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Research Center-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite report |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyada oo saadaalintu ay muujinayso in heerku noqon doono 29.7% marka la joogo 2050.{{rp|8}} Ugu kooban uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020 waxay heshay in dadka Muslinka ah ee dunidu ay ahaayeen kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badnayd tobankii sano, inta badan sababtoo ah Muslinku waxay u janjeeraan inay ku yar yihiin da'da oo ay leeyihiin heer dhalmo oo sarreeya—laba walxood oo muhiim ah oo kexeeya koraanka caadiga ah ee dadka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |page=9|quote=Increases in the global Muslim population are largely due to Muslims having a relatively young age structure and high fertility rate, two characteristics that result in natural population growth.}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|9}} Sida ku xuso qiyaasta dadka ee 2020, 65% dadka Muslinka ah waxay ku dhex jiraan toban waddan, iyada oo dadka ugu waaweyni ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, Bangaladeesh, Nayjeeriya, Masar, Iiraan, Turkiga, Sudaan, iyo Aljeeriya, marka loo eego sida ay u kala hooseeyaan. Indoneesiya waxay xarun u tahay ka badan 230,000,000 oo Muslin ah, Bakistaan ka badan 220,000,000, Hindiya ka badan 210,000,000, Bangaladeesh ka badan 150,000,000, Nayjeeriya ka badan 110,000,000, Masar ka badan 100,000,000, Iiraan iyo Turkiga midkiiba ka badan 80,000,000, iyo Sudaan iyo Aljeeriya midkiiba ka badan 40,000,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/muslim-population-change/|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020: 3. Muslim population change|date=9 June 2025|access-date=12 February 2026|website=Pew Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Boqolkiiba Muslinka ee dunida waddan ahaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2015&quot; /&gt;]]Sida ku xuso warbixin ay soo saartay CNN, &quot;Islaamku wuxuu soo jiitay dad soo Islaamay oo ka soo jeeda dhammaan heerarka nolosha, gaar ahaan Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fast-growing Islam winning converts in Western world |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |access-date=6 May 2016 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015114027/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingiriiska, dhawaan 6,000 oo qof ayaa soo Islaama sannad walba, iyada oo sida ku xuso maqaal ku jira British Muslims Monthly Survey, badanka dadka cusub ee soo Islaama ee Ingiriiska ay ahaayeen dumarka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |title=British Muslims Monthly Survey for June 2000, Vol. VIII, No. 6 |at=Women convert |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2008-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214160750/http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku xuso The Huffington Post, &quot;ilaaliyayaashu waxay qiyaasayaan in illaa 20,000 oo Ameerikan ah ay soo Islaamaan sannad walba&quot;, badankoodu ay yihiin dumarka iyo Muslinka Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-08-24 |title=Conversion To Islam One Result Of Post-9/11 Curiosity |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=HuffPost |language=en |archive-date=2021-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111201117/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author-first=Julie |author-last=Bindel |author-link=Julie Bindel |title=Why do Western Women Convert? |url=http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |access-date=8 May 2016 |work=Standpoint |date=26 April 2010 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102003/http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale boqolkiiba iyo tirada guud ahaan, Islaamku waa kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badan dunida, iyadoo la saadaalinayo inay noqoto ta ugu weyn dunida dhamaadka qarniga 21aad, iyadoo ka badanaysa Masiixiyada. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in marka la joogo 2050, tirada Muslinka ay u dhowaan doonto tirada Masiixiyiinta ee dunida, &quot;sababtoo ah da'da yar iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka marka loo barbardhigo kooxaha kale ee diimaha.&quot;{{rp|70}}
=== Xituunta Pew Research ===
Dhawaan 49 waddan ayaa ah kuwo dadka ugu badan ee ku nooli ay Muslin yihiin,{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=11}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ba-Yunus |first1=Ilyas |title=Muslims in the United States |last2=Kone, Kassim |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu/page/n186 172] |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-313-32825-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Landscape-2012&quot;&gt;{{cite report |author=The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life |title=The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323215026/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-23 |date=December 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Islam in Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia/ |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=Anadolu News Agency |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024349/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Book review: Russia's Muslim Heartlands reveals diverse population |date=21 April 2018 |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |work=The National |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210257/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyada oo 62% Muslinka dunidu ay ku nool yihiin Aasiya, halka 683 milyan oo taabacsan ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, iyo Bangaladeesh keligood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew-Projections-2050&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207115222/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-date=2017-02-07 |website=Pew Research Center |publisher=Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life |date=2015-04-02 |type=Projections table |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Secrets of Islam |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |website=U.S. News &amp; World Report |archive-date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122200555/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |url-status=live }} Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005).&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|pp=15, 17}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Pechilis |first1=Karen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |title=South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today |last2=Raj |first2=Selva J. |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-44851-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&amp;pg=PA193 193] |access-date=3 May 2019 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024331/https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Carabta ah waxay samayeeyaan kooxda qowmiyadeed ee ugu weyn Muslinka dhexdeeda ee dunida,&lt;ref name=&quot;Nydell-2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Nydell |first=Margaret Kleffner |title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times |edition=4th |location=Yarmouth, Maine |publisher=Intercultural Press |year=2005 |pages=xxiii, 14 |isbn=978-1931930253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024737/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaa ku xiga Bangaaliyiinta&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Richard Eaton|editor=Barbara D. Metcalf|title=Islam in South Asia in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C|date=8 September 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-3138-8|page=275|chapter=Forest Clearing and the Growth of Islam in Bengal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&amp;pg=PA50 |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |author1=Meghna Guhathakurta |author2=Willem van Schendel |page=50 |date=30 April 2013 |publisher=Duke University Press |access-date=7 November 2016 |isbn=978-0822353188 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707092408/https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&amp;pg=PA50 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Bunjaabiinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|page=1|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaasaha badankood waxay muujinayaan in Shiinaha ay ku nool yihiin dhawaan 20 illaa 30 milyan oo Muslin ah (1.5% illaa 2% dadka waddanka).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |work=The World Factbook |title=Explore All Countries – China |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |access-date=15 September 2009 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=13 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213122152/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=China (includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet) |website=Archived Content |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710075050/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka ka jira Yurub waa diinta labaad ee ugu weyn Masiixiyadda ka dib waddamo badan dhexdeeda, iyada oo heerarka koraanka ay inta badan ku yimaadaan soogalootiga iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka ee 2005,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 December 2005 |title=Muslims in Europe: Country guide |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=29 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929213440/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo samaynaysay 4.9% dhammaan dadka Yurub ee 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe|date=November 29, 2017|work=Pew Research Center|first=Conrad|last=Hackett|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105202657/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sida ku xuso Xituunta Pew Research, soo Islaamidda ma laha saameyn weyn oo saafi ah oo ku saabsan koraanka dadka Muslinka ah maadaama &quot;tirada dadka ku soo Islaama diinta ay u dhowdahay inay la mid tahay tirada Muslinka ah ee ka baxda diinta.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |section=Conversion |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |section-url=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors/#conversion |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |quote=there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the faith |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211126/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bagse, Islaamku wuxuu ka helayaa faa'iido yar oo ah 3 milyan oo qof marka loo eego isbeddelka diimaha u dhexeya 2010 iyo 2050, inta badan ka timaada Afrika Sub-Sahara (2.9 milyan).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|title=Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.43|access-date=4 May 2016|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150429153811/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|title=The Changing Global Religious Landscape|work=Pew Research Center|date=5 April 2017|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218030628/https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ku xuso uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020, dhawaan 1% dadka waaweyn ee ku soo koray Muslimnimada ayaa ka baxa diinta, halka boqolkiiba la mid ah —dhawaan 1%— ay ka soo Islaamaan diimaha kale, taas oo keenta heer hoose oo isbeddel diimeed ah oo soo gala ama ka baxa Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;pew2029&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US|page=39|quote=Muslims and Hindus have been the least likely to gain or lose adherents from religious switching. About one in every 100 adults raised Muslim (or Hindu) has left their childhood religion, and a similar number from a different religious category have switched into Islam (or Hinduism).}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutaaniqada Islaamka ka baxday waxay u janjeeraan inay u wareegaan diin kale halkii ay ka noqon lahaayeen kuwo aan diin lahayn.

== Qaybaha Waaweyn ==
{{Main|Xiriirka Shiicada iyo Sunnada|Qadiir Khum|Saqiifa|Ciidul Qadiir}}

=== Matalaadda Qadiir Khum iyo Saqiifa ===
[[File:Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.162r miniature.jpg|thumb|Magacaabiddii Cali uu Muxammad ku magacaabay Qadiir Khum, 1307 AD fardawsa Ilkhanid.]]
Tukhtaan muhiim ah ayaa ka dhacay 632 ee Qadiir Khum, halkaas oo Muxammad, obo yar ka hor dhimashadiisa, uu gacanta ku qabtay Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, uu ka jeediyay khudbad uu ku yiri &quot;Kii aan ahay ''mowlahiisa'', Cali waa ''mowlahiisa''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam |author-first=Maria Massi |author-last=Dakake |year=2007 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791470336 |author-link=Maria Massi Dakake}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Veccia Vaglieri|first=L.|date=2012|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|section=G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm|publisher=Brill|access-date=July 14, 2023|isbn=9789004161214|archive-date=14 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714174420/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Campo|2009|pp=257–258}} Ereyga mowla wuxuu leeyahay macnayaal kala duwan oo ku xiran xaaladda, oo ay ku jiraan sayid, ilaaliye, xulafo, taageere, iyo mid awood leh. Shiicada dhexdeeda, waxaa loo fahmaa magacaabidda rasmiga ah ee Muxammad uu Cali uga dhigay beddelkiisa. Sunnadu sidoo kale waxay aqbashaa in tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum uu dhacay iyadoo Muxammad uu yiri hadalkaas ku saabsan Cali. Bagse, uma tarjumaan hadalka inuu yahay magacaabidda Cali ee beddelka Muxammad. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay u tarjumaan ereyga mowla xaaladdan inuu u muuqdo saaxiib dhow, taageere, ama mid mudan daacadnimo iyo kalsooni. Sidaas darteed, waxay u arkaan bayaanka inuu yahay caddayn ah xushmadda Muxammad uu u hayay Cali, iyagoo hoos u dhigaya muhiimadda tukhtaanka.

Kalfadhigii Saqiifa wuxuu dhacay obo yar ka dib dhimashadii Muxammad ee 632, halkaas oo Abu Bakar looga doortay beddelkiisa oo uu ku noqday Khaliifkii koowaad. Saqiifa waxay ka mid tahay tukhtaannada ugu muranka badan Islaamka, sababtoo ah ka saarida tiro badan oo ka mid ah Saxaabada Muxammad, oo ay ku jiraan Ahlul Bayt iyo gaar ahaan Cali. Cali iyo tiro badan oo ka mid ah qoyska Muxammad waxay weli ku jireen aasitaanka nabiga markii uu tukhtaanku dhacayay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |doi-access=free |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |eissn=1477-4585 |issn=0002-7189 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the &quot;lord&quot; or &quot;master&quot; of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |issn=0002-7189 |eissn=1477-4585 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the &quot;lord&quot; or &quot;master&quot; of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century. |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Amir-Moezzi |author-first=Mohammad Ali |title=Ghadīr Khumm |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=Third |editor1-first=Kate |editor1-last=Fleet |editor2-first=Gudrun |editor2-last=Krämer |editor3-first=Denis |editor3-last=Matringe |editor4-first=John |editor4-last=Nawas |editor5-first=Devin J. |editor5-last=Stewart |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |year=2014 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |isbn=9789004269613 |author-link=Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay qabaan in Muxammad uu u daayay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee saxaabada inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Cali hore loogu magacaabay beddelka Muxammad ee tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan tukhtaannadii Saqiifa inay ahaayeen kuwo dhaafay xaqiisii beddelka. Dhibaatada beddelka waxay noqotay sababtii ugu horreysay ee qeybsanaanta Muslinka oo keentay soo bixitaanka labada qaybood ee waaweyn ee Islaamka, Sunna iyo Shiica.
=== Islaamka Sunnada ah ===
{{Main|Islaamka Sunnada ah}}
[[File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art mss 0311 fol 190b-191a.jpg|thumb|Faraq-qoraal ah oo [[Saxiix al-Bukhari]] ah oo ka soo jeeda qarnigii 14aad, ururintii ugu horreysay ee [[xadiis]] ee [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Buug]] ee [[Islaamka Sunnada ah]].]]
Islaamka Sunnada ah waa qaybta ugu weyn ee Islaamka iyada oo ah mhabka diimeed ee ugu weyn dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of religious populations {{!}} Largest Religions, Smallest Religions, Lists, Data, &amp; Overview {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-religious-populations|access-date=2025-07-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunni |title=Sunni |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430101807/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Sunni Islam |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2014 |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |access-date=10 January 2010 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005013247/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |date=20101028144120 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Denny-2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Denny |first=Frederick |author-link=Frederick M. Denny |title=Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |page=3 |isbn=978-0199804153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&amp;pg=PA3 |quote=Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90%) of that community. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Lawson |first1=Russell M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_krEEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=islam+based+on+the+teachings+of+muhammad&amp;pg=PA419 |title=Science in the Ancient World: From Antiquity through the Middle Ages |date=23 September 2021 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-7353-9 |page=419 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha &quot;''Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah''&quot;, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;dadka [[Sunnah|sunnada]] (dhaqankii Muxammad) iyo jamacaadka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ahl as-Sunnah |encyclopedia=Islam Ansiklopedisi |publisher=Turkish Diyanet Foundation |location=Istanbul |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |last=Yavuz |first=Yusuf Şevki |date=1994 |volume=10 |pages=525–530 |lang=tr |access-date=28 December 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228114411/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamka Sunnada ah mararka qaarkood waxaa loo yaqaanaa &quot;Islaamka Ortodokska ah&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=John Richard Thackrah |title=Dictionary of Terrorism |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135165956 |edition=2, revised |page=252}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation |date=2009 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004172739 |editor1-last=Nasir |editor1-first=Jamal J. |edition=revised |page=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=George W. Braswell |title=What You Need to Know about Islam &amp; Muslims |date=2000 |publisher=B&amp;H Publishing Group |isbn=978-0805418293 |edition=illustrated |page=62}}&lt;/ref&gt; ingawa aqoonyahanada qaar ay u arkaan inaysan habboonayn, iyada oo Sunni-nimada ka baxsan ay dad badan u arki karaan fahan xumaan.&lt;ref&gt;An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: &quot;Sunni: Of or pertaining ''sunna'', especially the ''Sunna'' of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, ''mubtadi'', from ''bid'a'', the contrary of ''sunna'' and so 'innovation'.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Sunnadu waxay adkaynaysaa in Muxammad uusan magacaabin beddel, wuxuuna u dhaafay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee Saqiifa inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay inta badan u noqdaan lixda buug ee xadiiska ee waaweyn arrimaha sharciga, iyagoo u raaca mid ka mid ah afar madhabood ee fiqhiga: [[Hanafi school|Xanafi]], [[Hanbali school|Xanbali]], [[Maliki school|Maaliki]], [[Shafi'i school|Shaafi'i]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|pp=275, 306}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cilmiga tawxiidka ee athariga ah waa madhab Sunni ah oo feker ah, oo uu si weyn ugu doodi jiray Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855 CE), oo lagu garto u noqoshada fahanka qoraalka ah ee Qur'aanka iyo sunnada, aמונה ah in Qur'aanku yahay mid aan la abuurin oo weligeed ah, iyo ka soo horjeeda cilmiga caqliga, ee loo yaqano kalam, marka loo eego arrimaha diinta iyo anshaxa.&lt;ref&gt;Hadi Enayat ''Islam and Secularism in Post-Colonial Thought: A Cartography of Asadian Genealogies'' Springer Publishing, 30 June 2017 {{ISBN|978-3-319-52611-9}} p.48&lt;/ref&gt; Maaturidiyada, oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944 CE), waxay leedahay qoraalka la soo dejiyay looma baahna anshaxa asaasiga ah iyada oo wanaagga iyo xawliga lagu fahmi karo caqliga keligiis,&lt;ref&gt;Rico Isaacs, Alessandro Frigerio ''Theorizing Central Asian Politics: The State, Ideology and Power'' Springer Publishing 2018 {{ISBN|978-3-319-97355-5}} p. 108&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin dadku waxay u noqdaan waxyiga arrimaha ka baxsan fahanka bahaamka. Ash'ariyada, oo uu aasaasay Al-Ashʿarī (c. 874–936), waxay leedahay anshaxu wuxuu ka imaan karaa oo keliya waxyiga rabbaaniga ah laakiin waxay aqbashaa caqliga arrimaha fasiraadda waxayna isku dartaa hababka Mu'tazilada iyo fikradaha athariga.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|1999|p=280}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salafiyadu waa doonis dib u cusboonaysiin ah oo u dooda u noqoshada dhaqankii qgeneration-kii ugu horreeyay ee Muslinka. Qarnigii 18aad, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab wuxuu kexeeyay dhaqdhaqaaq Salafi ah, oo dadka ka baxsan ay u yaqaanaan Wahaabiya, waddanka maanta loo yaqano Sacuudi Carabiya.&lt;ref&gt;Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} page 8&lt;/ref&gt; Dhaqdhaqaaq la mid ah oo loo yaqano Ahl al-Hadith ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigay dhaqanka sharciga Sunniga ah ee qarniyada jiray, iyagoo door biday inay si toos ah u raacaan Qur'aanka iyo Xadiiska. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunniga ah ee Nurcu waxaa aasaasay Said Nursi (1877–1960); wuxuu isku darayaa qaybo ka mid ah Tasawufka iyo sayniska.&lt;ref name=&quot;Svante E. Cornell p. 283&quot;&gt;Svante E. Cornell ''Azerbaijan Since Independence'' M.E. Sharpe {{ISBN| 9780765630049}} p. 283&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Robert W. Hefner ''Shariʻa Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World'' Indiana University Press 2011 {{ISBN|978-0-253-22310-4}} p. 170&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Islaamka Shiicada ah ===
{{Main|Islaamka Shiicada ah}}
[[File:Folio from a Nahj al-Balagha.gif|thumb|Warqad gacan-qoraal ah oo ka timaada Nahj al-Balagha, ee taariikhdeedu tahay 1149 AD. Nahj al-Balagha waa ururin khudbado, waraaqo, iyo hadallo ah oo uu leeyahay Cali. Waxaa loo arkaa inay ka mid tahay kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee suugaanta Carabiga iyada oo ka joogta meel sare Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.]]
Islaamka Shiicada ah waa qaybta labaad ee ugu weyn Islaamka iyo mid ka mid oo ka mid ah mhabada diimeed ee ugu waaweyn dunida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Field Listing :: Religions |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231326/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=6 July 2010 |access-date=25 October 2010 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population.&quot; ... &quot;Shia Islam represents 10–15% of Muslims worldwide.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sunni |url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614103622/https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs |quote=Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion &amp; Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. &quot;Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.&quot;}} Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha &quot;''Shīʿat ʿAlī''&quot;, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;xisbigii Cali&quot;. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Muxammad uu magacaabay ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, Cali, inuu noqdo beddelkiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|title=Shiʿi|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=28 December 2021|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720054917/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Sunni Islam |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa |publisher=MacMillan Reference |editor-last=Philip Mattar |edition=2nd |author1=Tayeb El-Hibri|author2=Maysam J. al Faruqi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cali waxaa ku xigay silsilad Imaamyo ah oo Ilaah magacaabay oo ka soo jeeda qoyska Muxammad ([[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahlul Bayt]]). Mhabka ugu weyn ee Islaamka Shiicada ah, Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, waxay aqoonsan yihiin Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam inay yihiin hoggaamiyeyaasha Ilaah magacaabay, iyadoo ka bilaabanaysa Cali keligiis oo ku dheehanaysa Mahdiga, oo la rumeysan yahay inuu ku jiro qoyanaanta loona fadhiyo inuu dib u soo laabto Dhamaadka Sannadaha si uu u aasaaso caddaalad oo uu caawin doono Ciise. Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu muhiimad gaar ah siiyaa Ahlul Bayt (qoyska Muxammad), kuwaas oo Muslinka Shiicada ah ay u arkaan inay leeyihiin awood diimeed iyo ruhani ah oo Ilaah siiyay. Qur'aanka, teachings-ka Muxammad (Sunnah), iyo Imaamyada waxay samayeeyaan asaaska ugu muhiimsan ee fekerka diimeed iyo fiqhiga Shiicada. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxaa kexeeya madhabka Jacfariyada ee fiqhiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author1=John Corrigan|author2=Frederick Denny|author3=Martin S Jaffee|author4=Carlos Eire |year=2011 |title=Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions |publisher= Cambridge University Press |id=978-0205026340 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ururinta ugu muhiimsan ee xadiiska ee Islaamka Shiicada ah waa Afarta Buug ee Sharciga ah, oo loo yaqano Kitab al-Kafi, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, iyo Al-Istibsar.

Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr qaybood, ta ugu weyn oo ugu muhiimsan waxay tahay Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, oo ay ku xigaan qaybaha yar ee Ismaaciiliyad iyo Saydiyad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social and Military History |editor-first1=Spencer C. |editor-last1=Tucker |editor2=Priscilla Mary Roberts |year=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-842-2 |page=917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&amp;pg=PA917 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&amp;pg=PA917 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Iraq Effect: The Middle East After the Iraq War |first=Frederic M. |last=Wehrey |year=2010 |publisher=Rand Corporation |isbn=978-0-8330-4788-5 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&amp;pg=PA91 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024742/https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&amp;pg=PA91#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|author-link=Andrew J. Newman|title=Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-7833-4|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP18|page=2|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501201413/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|archive-date=1 May 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalkii Karbala, oo uu awoowe u ahaa Nabiga oo ahaa Imaamka saddexaad ee Shiicada, Xuseen ibn Cali, si xun loogu dilay oo madaxa looga jaray iyada oo la dilay badanka xubnaha qoyskiisa, wuxuu siiyay Caliyinta aqoonsi diimeed oo u gaar ah wuxuuna ka qaatay door muhiim ah zhuraalka iyo adkaynta ta noqotay Islaamka Shiicada ah. Wuxuu ka joogaa meel dhexe taariikhda Shiicada, dhaqanka, iyo cilmiga tawxiidka, iyadoo inta badan lagu xuso suugaanta Islaamka. Waa mid ka mid ah waqtiyada ugu murugada badan, muhiimka ah, ee lagu garto taariikhda Islaamka. Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, iyo Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad waa saddexda meelood ee ugu xurmada badan ka dib Masjid al-Xaraam ee Makka, Masjid al-Nabawi ee Madiina, iyo Masjid al-Aqsa ee Qudus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sardeg2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Escobar |first=Pepe |date=May 24, 2002 |title=Knocking on heaven's door |url=http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020603155002/http://atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |archive-date=June 3, 2002 |access-date=2006-11-12 |work=Asia Times Online |quote=our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places... first is Mecca... second is Medina... third belongs to our first imam of Shia, Ali, which is in Najaf. The fourth belongs to our third imam, Hussein, in Kerbala. The last one belongs to the daughter of our seventh imam and sister of our eighth imam, who is called Fatemah, and will be buried in Qom. |department=Central Asia/Russia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam sidoo xushmad lagu hayaa Islaamka Sunnada ah dhexdeeda iyagoo ah xubno ka mid ah qoyska Nabiga Muxammad iyo shakhsiyaad muhiim ah oo ku jira taariikhda Islaamka, iyadoo Sunnadu ay booqdaan dhismooyinkooda xushmad darteed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An Iraqi delegation from the Sunni Endowment visited the Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (PBUH).|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/an-iraqi-delegation-from-the-sunni-endowment-visited-the-holy-shrine-of-imam-ali-pbuh|access-date=2026-02-16|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Waziri|first=Adam Isa|date=2022-11-21|title=Sunni Professors, Scholars From Pakistan Visit Imam Husain's Holy Shrine in Karbala » Education Monitor News|url=https://educationmonitornews.com/sunni-professors-scholars-from-pakistan-visit-imam-husains-holy-shrine-in-karbala/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Education Monitor News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arooj|date=2024-02-01|title=Sunni scholars from Turkey express happiness upon visiting holy shrine of Imam Hussein|url=https://shiawaves.com/english/uncategorized/100914-sunni-scholars-from-turkey-express-happiness-upon-visiting-holy-shrine-of-imam-hussein/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Shia Waves|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16|title=Iraqi Sunni Friday prayer leaders visit Imam Reza (AS) holy shrine|url=https://en.hawzahnews.com/news/358808/Iraqi-Sunni-Friday-prayer-leaders-visit-Imam-Reza-AS-holy-shrine|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Hawzah News Agency|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=English Pakistani Sunnis Visit Imam Reza Shrine|url=https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617090149/https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-date=2025-06-17|access-date=2026-02-16|website=ShiaChat.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14|title=Sunni Cleric: Imam Reza Shrine a Center for Unifying Muslims|url=https://en.abna24.com/news/664698/Sunni-Cleric-Imam-Reza-Shrine-a-Center-for-Unifying-Muslims|access-date=2026-02-17|website=ABNA English|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Imam Reza (A.S.) Is the Symbol of Unity among Islamic Sects.|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/imam-reza-as-is-the-symbol-of-unity-among-islamic-sects|access-date=2026-02-17|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{multiple image
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| image1            = ImamAliShrine2026.jpg
| width1            = 217
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Ciraaq, waxaa loo arkaa Muslinka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda inuu yahay meesha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka ka dib Makka, Madiina iyo Qudus.
| image2            = حرم الامام الحسين.jpg
| width2            = 218
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, Ciraaq, waa meel aad u xurmo badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.
| width3            = 315
| alt3              = 
| footer            = 
| image3            = ImamReza(A).jpg
| caption3          = Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad, Iiraan, waa masjidhka ugu weyn dunida iyadoo ka mid ah meelaha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.
}}
===== Cibaadiyada =====
{{Main|Muhakkima|Cibaadiyada|Khawaarijta}}

Cibaadiyada waa madhab u gaar ah Islaamka waxaana inta badan loo arkaa qaybta saddexaad ee mhabada Islaamka, oo barbar taagan Islaamka Sunnada ah iyo Islaamka Shiicada ah. Xididdadeedu waxay dib u raacaan go'itaankii Khawaarijta ee ka go'een Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii nabiga Muxammad oo ahaa Imaamkii ugu horreeyay ee Shiicada iyo khaliifkii afaraad ee Khulafo al-Raashidiinta ee Sunnadu. Waxaaba jirta in Cibaadiyiinta casriga ah ay inta badan diadaan in aqiidadooda lagu tilmaamo Khawaarij. Cibaadiyada waxay soo baxday qarniyadii ugu horreeyay ee Islaamka iyadoo ka timaada khilaafaadkii siyaasadeed iyo kuwa tawxiidka ee ku xeernaa Fitnada Koowaad. Dhaqanku wuxuu taariikhiyan u xiran yahay dhaqdhaqaaqii hore ee Muhakkima. Cibaadiyiintu way ka tiro yar yihiin labada mhab ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka, Sunnadu iyo Shiicada. Cibaadiyada waxay weli tahay mid aan si fican u baran dadka ka baxsan, iyadoo ay ku jiraan kuwo aan Muslin ahayn iyo Muslinka Sunnada iyo Shiicada ah.
[[File:Islam branches and schools.png|centre|Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan qaybaha waaweyn iyo mhabada Islaamka]]

===== Qaybaha =====
* Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada waxaa lagu aasaasay Hindiya ee Ingiriisku xukumayay 1889 oo uu aasaasay Mirza Ghulam Ahmad oo ka soo jeeda Qadian, oo sheegtay inuu yahay Masiiyadii la ballanqaaday (&quot;Soo laabashada Labaad ee Ciise&quot;), Mahdiga Muslinku dhowrayaan sidoo kale prophet yar oo raaca nabiga Islaamka Muxammad. Waxaa jira fikrado iyo barashooyin kala duwan oo u gaar ah Axmadiyiinta marka loo eego badanka Muslinka kale, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan fasiraadda cinwaanka Qur'aanka ee Khatam an-Nabiyyin iyo fasiraadda Soo laabashada Labaad ee Masiiyada. deviations-kan loo arko inay ka bixisay fekerka Islaamka ee caadiga ah waxay keeneen in badanka Muslinka ay u arkaan kuwo ka baxay diinta iyo khilaafyada lagu hayo Axmadiyiinta waddamo kala duwan dhexdeeda, gaar ahaan Bakistaan, halkaas oo si rasmi ah looga dhaqangaliyay inaysan Muslin ahayn oo ay dhaqangalisay Xukuumadda Bakistaan. Taabacsanaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Islaamka waxay u qeybsamaan laba kooxood: ta koowaad oo ah Bulshada Muslinka ee Axmadiyada, oo maanta ah kooxda ugu weyn, iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Laahore ee Fafinta Islaamka.
* Calawiyada waa dhaqan Islaam oo doonis leh oo maxalli ah, oo taabacsaneedu ay raacaan barashooyinka qarsoon (bāṭenī) ee Cali iyo Haji Bektash Veli. Calawiyada waa isku dharraaq ka mid ah fikradaha dhaqanka ee Turkiga ee qarnigii 14aad, iyadoo leh xididdo ka imaan kara Tengrism iyo Animism oo barbar socda fikradaha Shiicada iyo Tasawufka. Waxaa la qiyaasay inay jiraan 10 milyan illaa ka badan 20 milyan (~0.5–1% dhammaan Muslinka) oo Calawiyiin ah dunida oo dhan.
* Qur'aaniyuuntu waa dhaqdhaqaaq diimeed ee Islaamka oo ku aasaasan aqiidada ah in sharciga Islaamka iyo xaqiijintu ay tahay oo keliya inay ka timaado Qur'aanka oo aysan ka imaanin sunnada ama Xadiiska, iyadoo Qur'aaniyuuntu ay si muuqata uga kala duwan yihiin habka loo raaco shanta tiro ee Islaamka. Dhaqdhaqaaqu wuxuu soo baxay qarnigii 19aad wixii ka dambeeyay, iyadoo fekerayaal sida Syed Ahmad Khan, Abdullah Chakralawi iyo Ghulam Ahmed Perwez ee Hindiya ay su'aal ka keeneen dhaqanka xadiiska. Ejipt, Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi wuxuu ku qaray maqaalka ''Islaamku waa Qur'aanka keligiis'' majaladda ''Al-Manār'', isagoo u doodayay awoodda keligeed ee Qur'aanka. Qur'aaniyiin muhiim ah oo qarnigii 20aad ee dambe wuxuu ahaa Rashad Khalifa, oo ahaa biokimiko Masri-Ameerikan ah oo sheegtay inuu helay fure tiro oo ku jira Qur'aanka, wuxuuna aasaasay ururka Qur'aaniyiinta ee United Submitters International.
* Mu'tazilada waxay ahayd madhab hore oo cilmiga tawxiidka Islaamka oo lagu garto isticmaalka caqliga, gaar ahaan marka loo eego labada ilo ee ugu horreeya Islaamka, Qur'aanka iyo xadiiska. Madhabtu waxay ku aasaasantaa shanta usool ee waaweyn: tawxiidka, caddaalada rabbaaniga ah, hubaasha ballanqaadyada iyo digniinaha rabbaaniga ah, meel dhexe oo marka loo eego heerka duniyeed ee duntayda waaweyn, iyo waajibka amarrada wanaagsan iyo ka hortaga xumaanta. Ka dib Sunnadu, Mu'taziladu waxay diadeen aragtida dhaqanka ah ee ah in Qur'aanku yahay hadalka aan la abuurin ee Ilaah, waxayna halkaas ka qabteen in Qur'aanku yahay waxyi la abuuray, si loo adkeeyo koodnimada kheyraatka ee Ilaah. Iyagoo adkaynaya isticmaalka caqliga, waxay u doodeen in dookha xorta ah ee bahaamka uu u oggolaado shakhsiyaadka inay doorataan wanaagga ama xumaanta, taas oo ka dhigaysa kuwo mas'uul ka ah eedooda. Bagse saameynta Mu'taziladu waxay hoos u dhacday dhibaatada bulshada iyo siyaasadeed ee ka timaada Sunnadu darteed, reebitaankooda caqliga wuxuu weli yahay mid muhiim ah fekerka casriga ah ee Islaamka.

=== Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn ===
{{Main|Non-denominational Muslim}}

Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn waa eegmo guud oo loo isticmaalo ama ay isticmaalaan Muslimiinta aan ka tirsanayn ama aan isku tilmaamin mhab gaar ah oo Islaam ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Benakis |first=Theodoros |date=13 January 2014 |title=Islamophoobia in Europe! |work=New Europe |location=Brussels |url=http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131145036/http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |archive-date=31 January 2016 |quote=Anyone who has travelled to Central Asia knows of the non-denominational Muslims—those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pollack |first=Kenneth |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=jQGZBAAAQBAJ|page=29}} |title=Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American Strategy |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-4767-3393-7 |page=29 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |quote=Although many Iranian hardliners are Shi'a chauvinists, Khomeini's ideology saw the revolution as pan-Islamist, and therefore embracing Sunni, Shi'a, Sufi, and other, more nondenominational Muslims}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sahanadii ugu dambeeyay waxay ku warramayaan in qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Muslimiinta ka mid ah kuwa ku nool qaybo ka mid ah dunida ay isku tilmaamaan oo keliya Muslim, inkasta oo ay yar tahay falanqaynta la daabacay ee ku saabsan sababaha ka dambeeya jawaabtan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Burns |first=Robert |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=akWUGyN7fwEC|page=55}} |title=Christianity, Islam, and the West |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-7618-5560-6 |page=55 |publisher=University Press of America |quote=40 per cent called themselves &quot;just a Muslim&quot; according to the Council of American-Islamic relations}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tatari |first=Eren |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=x_4QBQAAQBAJ|page=111}} |title=Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets |date=2014 |isbn=978-90-04-27226-2 |page=111 |publisher=BRILL |quote=Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pew Research waxay ku warramaysaa in jawaab-bixiyeyaasha isku tilmaama oo keliya Muslim ay yihiin inta ugu badan ee Muslimiinta ee toddoba waddan (iyo tiro sare saddex kale dhexdeeda), iyadoo heerka ugu sarreeya uu yahay Kasakhstan oo ah 74%. Ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah shan kasta oo Muslim ah ee ugu yaraan 22 waddan wuxuu isku tilmaamaa habkan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=9 August 2012|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|access-date=4 September 2013|website=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Tasawufka ==

=== Suufiyada ===
{{Main|Suufiyada}}

{{See also|Xiriirka Salafiga iyo Suufiga}}
[[File:Mevlana Konya.jpg|thumb|Wareegga Suufiga ee Dhismaha Qabriga Suufiga ee Rumi ee Konya, Turkey.]]
Suufiyada (Carabi: تصوف), waa hab ka mid ah Tasawufka Islaamka oo raadiya in lagu helo khibrad shakhsi ah oo toos ah ee Eebbe. Culimadii hore ee Suufiyadu waxay ku tilmaameen tasawufka &quot;cilmiga ujeeddadiisu tahay sixidda wadnaha iyo ka jeedinta dhammaan wixii kale ee aan Eebbe ahayn&quot;, iyada oo loo marayo &quot;awoodda caqliga iyo sharafta&quot; oo laga joojiyo in lagu tababaro. Ahmad ibn Ajiba wuxuu ku tilmaamay tasawufka &quot;ku laabashada dhaqanka, bilowgiisuna yahay aqoon, dhexdiisuna tahay wax-qabad [aqoontaas ku saabsan], dhammaadkiisuna yahay hadiya [ka timaada Allah].&quot; Ma aha qayb ka mid ah Islaamka, taabacsanaha ayaana ka tirsan mhabada kala duwan ee Muslinka. Ismaaciiliya, oo barashadeedu ku aasaasan tahay Gnosticism iyo Neoplatonism iyadoo ay barbar socdaan madhabaha Illuminationist iyo Isfahan ee falsafadda Islaamka, waxay samaysay fasiraado tasawuf ah oo Islaamka ah. Hasan al-Basri, oo ahaa Suufigii hore oo inta badan loo arko mid ka mid ah Suufiyadii ugu horreysay, wuxuu adkeeyay cabsida ka timaada guuldarrada Eebbe ee adkaysiga. Taa beddekeeda, Suufiyadii dambe ee waaweynayd, sida Mansur Al-Hallaj iyo Jalaluddin Rumi, waxay adkeeyeen diinta ku aasaasan jacyada loo qabo Eebbe. Jacyadaas waxay sidoo kale saameyn ku lahaayeen fanka, iyadoo Rumi uu weli yahay mid ka mid ah gabayaaga ugu iibka badan Ameerika. [[File:Sema ceremony many.jpg|thumb|Suufiyada ee Turkey.]]Suufiyadu waxay u arkaan tasawufka qayb aan ka go'in Islaamka. Suufiyadii dhaqanka ahayd, sida Bayazid Bastami, Jalaluddin Rumi, Haji Bektash Veli, Junaid Baghdadi, iyo Al-Ghazali, waxay u doodeen in Suufiyadu ku aasaasan tahay usoolka Islaamka iyo barashooyinka nabiga. Taariikhyahan Nile Green wuxuu u dooday in Islaamka qarniyadii dhexe uu ahaa wax yar ama ka badan Suufiyada. Taabacsanaha dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunnada ee dib-u-soocida ee loo yaqaano Salafiyada waxay u arkeen dhaqannada jacyada ee caanka ah, sida weyneynta awliyada Suufiga, inay yihiin cusbooneysiin ka timaada diintii hore. Salafiyiintu inta badan waxay weerareen Suufiyada, taas oo keentay xumaanshaha xiriirka Suufiga iyo Salafiga. Ururrada Suufiga waxay samayskaan dariiqooyin ku xeeran macallin (wali) oo raaca xiriir ruuxi ah oo dib u raaca Muxammad. Suufiyadu waxay kaqaateen door muhiim ah samaynta bulshooyinka Muslinka iyaga oo loo marayo dhaqdhaqaaqyada baahinta iyo waxbarashada. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Ahle Sunnat ama Barelvi ee uu saameeyay Tasawufku wuxuu sheegtaa in ka badan 200 milyan oo taabacsane ku leeyahay Koonfurta Aasiya. Suufiyadu waxay muhiim ku tahay Aasiyada Dhexe, iyo sidoo kale waddamada Afrika sida Tuniisiya, Aljeeriya, Marooko, Senejaal, Chaad iyo Nayjar.
== Sharciga iyo Fiqhiga ==

=== Shariicada ===
{{Main|Shariicada|Fiqhiga}}

{{See also|Mantiqa ee Falsafadda Islaamka#Sharciga Islaamka iyo Cilmiga Tawxiidka}}
[[File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|Madhabaha sharciga Islaamka ee Dunida Muslinka.]]
Shariicada waa tan ka kooban sharciga diinta Islaamka. Doonista ah in la tilmaamo oo lagu ogaado sharciyada hab dhammaystiran oo is-waafaqsan waxay keentay horumarinta aragtida sharciga, oo loo yaqaano fiqhi. Taa beddekeeda, bidco waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo cusbooneysiinta sharciga ka baxsan ee arrimaha diinta. Dhabbooyinka kala duwan, ee loo yaqaano usoolka fiqhiga, ayaa horumaray oo madhabka sharciga ee ka soo baxa dhabbo ku xeeran waxaa loo yaqaanaa madhab. Is-waafaqidda raacda go'aannada khabiir diimeed ama madhab waxaa loo yaqaanaa taqliid. Shuruudda ghayr muqallid waxay u tilmaamaysaa kuwa aan isticmaalin taqliidka iyo, sii dheeraanteeda, aan lahayn madhab. Dhaqanka shakhsigu ku fasirayo sharciga caqliga xor ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa ijtixaad. Kuwa fasira shariicada waxaa loo yaqaanaa muftiyo oo ra'yigooda sharciga ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa fatwo.
[[File:'Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa'di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Gabayaaga Saadi Shirazi iyo darwiish waxay u socdaan inay khilaafkooda ku dhameeyaan xakim hortiis, farta qarnigii 16aad oo ka timaada Iiraan.]]
Ilaaha koowaad ee Shariicadu waa Qur'aanka iyo Sunnada. Ilaa saddexaad oo caani ah waa qiyaas (caqli analoji ah) oo loo isticmaalo dhibcooyinka sharciga ah ee aan si toos ah loogu faahfaahin Qur'aanka ama Sunnada. Isku-barbardhigga ayaa la raadiyaa si loo helo illah, ama sababta halkan ku jirta, oo ah sababta ka dambeysa xukunkii hore. Tusaale ahaan, reebitaanka gaarka ah ee khamriga waxaa ka soo baxaya reebitaanka guud ee alkoolka maadaama ay wadaagayaan sababta shaqaynaysa ee loo gartay inay tahay dabeecadda ma zeexisa ee dhammaan cabitaannada alkoolka ah. Madhabka Saahiriga wuxuu adkeeyay saafinimada tooska ah oo sidaas darteed wuxuu diaday qiyaaska. Is-afgaradka ra'yiga waa ijmaac, iyadoo ikhtilaafku u tilmaamayo khilaafka culimada. Xukunnadu waxay ficillada u kala saaraan mid ka mid ah shan qaybood oo loo yaqaano axkaam: farad, mustaxab, mubaah, makruuh, iyo xaraam.

Xilliga casriga ah, sharciyada dambiyada ee ku aasaasan shariicada waxaa inta badan beddelay sharciyo ka yimid moodellada Yurub. Cilmiga dib-u-soocida ee Tanzimat ee Qarnigii 19aad ee Dowladdii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu keenay koodka madaniga ee Mecelle wuxuuna ka dhigan yahay dadaalkii ugu horreeyay ee lagu koodiyeeyo shariicada. Iyadoo Dastuurada badanka states-ka Muslinku u badan yihiin ay ku jiraan tilmaamo ku saabsan shariicada, xeerarkeeda dhaqanka ah waxaa inta badan lagu reebay oo keliya sharciyada heerka shakhsiga (famlida). Hay'adaha sharciga ah oo koodiyeeyay sharciyaddan waxay raadiyeen inay casriyeeyaan iyagoon ka tageyn aasaaskooda fiqhiga dhaqanka ah. Dib-u-soocida Islaamka ee qarnigii 20aad ee dambe waxay keentay baaqyo ka yimid dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiyiinta oo ku saabsan fulinta dhammaystiran ee shariicada. Doorka shariicadu wuxuu noqday mowduuc lagu tartamo dunida oo dhan. Waxaa jira doodaha socda oo ku saabsan in shariicadu ay la waafaqsan tahay foomamka cilmaani ee xukuumadda, xuquuqda aadanaha, xorriyadda fekerka, iyo xuquuqda dumarka darteed meelaha ay ka mid yihiin faafreebka iyo doonaanta.
== Bulshada ==
=== Shakhsiyaadka diinta ===
{{Main|Culumada}}
[[File:Maqamat_hariri.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Culimada ku sugan maktabadda Cabbaasiyiinta, Maqamat al-Hariri. Farta uu qray Yahyá al-Wasiti, Baqdaad, 1237 AD.]]
Islaamku maleho wadaado ah macnaha sacerdotalism, sida baaddariyada oo kale oo dhex-dhexaadiya Eebbe iyo dadka. Imaam (Carabi: إمام) waa cinwaanka diinta oo loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo booska hoggaaminta Islaamka, inta badan marka loo eego samaynta adeegga cibaadada Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Imam|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/imam|access-date=15 January 2023|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fasiraadda diinta waxaa hoggaamiya culumada (Carabi: علماء), oo ah shuruud loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo kooxda culimada Muslinka ah ee helay tababarka barashada Islaamka. Caalimka xadiiska waxaa loo yaqaanaa muxaddith, caalimka fiqhiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa faqeeh (Carabi: فقيه), qaanuun-yaqaanka u qalma inuu soo saaro ra'yiga sharciga ah ama fatwooyinka waxaa loo yaqaanaa mufti, qadi-yuna waa xakim Islaam ah. Cinwaannada sharafta leh ee la siiyo culimada waxaa ka mid ah sheekh, mulla iyo mawlawi. Muslinka qaar ka mid ah waxay sidoo kale weyneeyaan awliyada u xiran karaamooyinka (Carabi: كرامات).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Radtke |first1=B. |last2=Lory |first2=P. |last3=Zarcone |first3=Th. |last4=DeWeese |first4=D. |last5=Gaborieau |first5=M. |last6=Denny |first6=F. M. |last7=Aubin |first7=F. |last8=Hunwick |first8=J. O. |last9=Mchugh |first9=N. |title=Walī |orig-year=1993 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Bearman |editor1-first=P. J. |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-link=Thierry Bianquis |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-first=C. E. |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor4-first=E. J. |editor4-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-first=W. P. |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill Publishers |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335 |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Maamulka ===

{{See also|Siyaasadda iyo Islaamka|Dhaqaalaha Islaamka|Qaanuunka ciidanka ee Islaamka|Tasaamuxa|Jihaadka}}
[[File:Ali and Aisha at the Battle of the Camel.jpg|thumb|Xaasidii Muxammad, Caasha, oo la dagaallamaysa Cali.]]
Fiqhiga dhaqaalaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, kaydsiga hantida si xad-dhaaf ah waa lagu necbyahay, sidaas darteedna dhaqanka maalgashiga monobooliga ah waa laga hoos eegaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iqbal2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Iqbal | first1 = Zamir | last2 = Mirakhor | first2 = Abbas | last3 = Krichenne | first3 = Noureddine | last4 = Askari | first4 = Hossein | title = The Stability of Islamic Finance: Creating a Resilient Financial Environment | location = Singapore | publisher = John Wiley &amp; Sons | year = 2010 | language = en | isbn = 978-0-470-82518-1 | p = 75}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadaallada lagu waafajinayo shariicada waxay keeneen horumarinta bangiyada Islaamka. Islaamku wuxuu reebaa ribada, oo inta badan loo turjumo faa'iido si aan caddaalad ahayn ku timaada ganacsiga, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo faa'iidada ribada.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Riba |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |year=n.d. |last1= Schacht|first1=Joseph}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taa beddekeeda, bangiyada Islaamku waxay iskaashi la sameeyaan amaanadaha, iyagoo labaduba wadaagaya faa'iidada iyo qasaaraha ka soo baxa mashruuca. Shuruud kale waa ka fogaanshaha hubaal-la'aanta, oo loo arko saqajaan (khumaar), bangiyada Islaamkuna dhaqan ahaan waxay ka fogaadaan aaladaha la soocay sida mustaqbalka ama doorashooyinka, taas oo taariikhiyan ka ilaalisay hoos u dhaca suuqyada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Foster|first=John |date=1 December 2009|title=How Islamic finance missed heavenly chance|work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8388644.stm|access-date=13 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Domat|first=Chloe|date=20 October 2020|title=What Is Islamic Finance And How Does It Work?|work=Global Finance magazine|url=https://www.gfmag.com/topics/blogs/islamic-finance-faq-what-islamic-finance-and-how-does-it-work|access-date=13 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Khulafadii Raashidiinta iyo Dowladdii Umawiyiinta waxay ku lug lahaayeen qaybinta sadaqada ee ka timaada qasnadda dowladda, oo loo yaqaano Bayt al-maal, ka hor inta aysan noqon dadaal shakhsi ah meelaha sannadkii 720. Khaliifkii ugu horreeyay, Abu Bakar, wuxuu u qaybiyay sakada sida tusaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee dakhliga ugu yar ee la dammaanad qaado, iyadoo muwaaddin kasta uu helayay 10 illaa 20 dirham sannadkiiba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Merchant, Brian |date=14 November 2013 |title=Guaranteeing a Minimum Income Has Been a Utopian Dream for Centuries |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/guaranteeing-a-minimum-income-has-been-a-utopian-dream-for-centuries/ |access-date=3 June 2019 |website=VICE}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waagii maamulkii khaliifkii labaad ee Cumar, taageerada carruurta ayaa la soo bandhigay, kuwa da'da ah iyo kuwa nafedana waxay xaq u lahaayeen mushaar,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Al-Buraey |first=Muhammad |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=lT8OAAAAQAAJ|page=}} |title=Administrative Development: An Islamic Perspective |publisher=KPI |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-7103-0059-1 |pages=252–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Akgündüz |first1=Ahmed |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=EnT_zhqEe5cC|page=539}} |title=Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths |last2=Öztürk |first2=Said |publisher=IUR Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |pages=539– |access-date=7 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo khaliifkii Umawiyiinta ee Cumar II uu u qoondeeyay adeego dhagool kasta iyo labadii qafis ee xanuunsan oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Al-Jawzi|first1=Ibn |url=|title=The Biography and Virtues of Omar Bin Abd al-Aziz – The Ascetic Caliph |publisher=IUR Press |year=2001 |isbn= |page=130 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Saladin the Victorious.jpg|thumb|Salaxaddiin Guuleystaha, uu qray Gustave Doré.]]
Jihaad wuxuu macnehiisu yahay &quot;dadaal ama ilaa qabasho [dhabada Eebbe]&quot;, macnehiisa ugu ballaaranina waa &quot;awoodda, dadaalka, ama awoodda ugu dambeysa oo lagu bixiyo la dagaallanka shay laga xumaado&quot;. Shiicadu gaar ahaan waxay adkeeyaan &quot;jihaadka weyn&quot; oo ah dadaalka lagu gaarayo wanaajinta nafta ee ruuxiga ah iyadoo &quot;jihaadka yar&quot; loo tilmaamo dagaalka. Marka loo isticmaalo sidaas oo keliya, jihaadka inta badan waxaa loo fahmaa foomkiisa ciidanka. Jihaadku waa foomka keliya ee dagaalka ee loo oggol yahay sharciga Islaamka, waxaana lagu dhawaaqi karaa ka dhan ah ujeedooyinka aan sharciyaysnayn, argagixisada, kooxaha dambiyada, reebleyaasha, murtadiinta, iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha ama dowladaha dhibta Muslinka. Badanka Muslinka maanta waxay u fasiraan Jihaadka oo keliya foom دفاع ah oo dagaalka ah. Jihaadku wuxuu oo keliya noqdaa waajib shakhsi ah kuwa la siiyay awoodda. Dadka kale oo dhan, tani waxay dhacdaa oo keliya marka ay jirto diyaargarow guud. Badanka Shiicada Isnaashariyada, jihaadka weerarka ah waxaa oo keliya lagu dhawaaqi karaa hoggaamiye Eebbe uu doortay oo ee bulshada Muslinka ah, sidaas darteedna, wuu hakad ku jiraa tan iyo gaabinta Muxammad al-Mahdi ee sannadkii 868 CE.
=== Nolosha maanta iyo tan aabbanimada/qoyska ===
{{See also|Edabta (Islaamka)|Cuntada reebban ee Islaamka|Islaamka iyo carruurta|Guurka Islaamka|Dumarka Islaamka|Guurka badan ee Islaamka}}
[[File:Salat Eid al-Fitr, Tehran (113344343).jpg|thumb|Haweenay Iiraani ah oo xiran astaan Islaami ah (Xijaab).]]
Cilmiga edabta ee maalinlaha ah wuxuu ku jiraa qaybta edabta, ama hab-dhaqanka. Cuntooyinka si gaar ah loo reebay waxaa ka mid ah hเนื้อ Doofaarka, dhiigga iyo bakhtiga. Caafimaadka waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timaada Eebbe, waxyaabaha maaddada ah ee maaddada maanka dooriya, sida cabitaannada alkoolka ah, waa kuwo reebban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Fahd Salem Bahammam|title=Food and Dress in Islam: An explanation of matters relating to food and drink and dress in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRojJ7lnb18C&amp;pg=PP1|publisher=Modern Guide|isbn=978-1-909322-99-8|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhammaan hเนื้อ waa inay ka timaadaa xayawaan geed-daaq ah oo loo qashay magaca Eebbe oo uu qashay Muslin, Yuhuudi, ama Christian, marka laga reebo ugaarta uu qofku ugaarsaday ama kaluumaysay maankiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Curtis|2005|p=164}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|p=111}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc |c=Slaughter |first=Ersilia |last=Francesca |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garaha inta badan waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa ragga sida shay dabiici ah&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=De Sondy |first=Amanullah  |date=28 January 2016|title=The relationship between Muslim men and their beards is a tangled one|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/28/muslim-men-beards-facial-hair-islam |access-date=7 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo isbeddellada jirka, sida peenijka joogtada ah (sawirka jidhka), inta badan waa reebban iyadoo laga baqayo inay kharribaan ubaahda u go'an.{{efn|Muslinka qaar ka mid ah Shiinaha waagii boqortooyada waxay ka horyimaadeen xiridda cagaha gabdhaha sababtaas oo kale darteed.}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |title=Are Muslims Allowed to Get Tattoos? |website= |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=8 Bisha Saddexaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308040238/https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xariirta iyo dahabka waa reebban yihiin ragga Islaamka dhexdiisa si loo dhowro xaaladda miyir-qabka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Glassé |first1=Cyril |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |page=158 |language=en|year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haya, oo inta badan loo turjumo &quot;xishood&quot;, mararka qaar waxaa loo tilmaamaa dabeecadda hoose ee Islaamka&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Zine |first1=Jasmin |last2=Babana-Hampton |first2=Safoi |last3=Mazid |first3=Nergis |last4=Bullock |first4=Katherine |last5=Chishti |first5=Maliha |title=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:4 |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JM4DwAAQBAJ&amp;q=haya+islam&amp;pg=PA59 |access-date=4 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna hagaa badanka nolosha maalinlaha ah ee Muslinka. Tusaale ahaan, dharka Islaamka dhexdiisa wuxuu adkeeyaa heerka xishoodka, oo ay ku jirto xijaabka haweenka. Sidoo kale, nadaafadda shakhsiga ah waa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa shuruudo gaar ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |access-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114153249/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |archive-date=14 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Muslim Couple (cropped).jpg|thumb|Saddex laba oo Muslin ah oo ka socda Indoneesiya.]]
Guurka Islaamka dhexdiisa, ninka arooska ah waxaa lagu leeyahay inuu bixiyo meherka aroosadda (mahar).&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=93–96}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=339}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvp|Esposito|1998|p=79}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qoysaska badankood ee dunida Islaamka waxay leeyihiin hal xaas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Newby |first=Gordon D. |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00newb |title=A concise encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=Oneworld |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-85168-295-9 |location=Oxford |page=141}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionhis00nasr_0/page/68 |title=Islam : religion, history, and civilization |publisher=HarperOne |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-06-050714-5 |location=New York |page=68}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ragga Muslinka ah waxaa loo oggol yahay inay sameeyaan guurka badan waxayna yeelan karaan illaa afar xaas oo isku mar ah. Waxbarashada Islaamku waxay si adag uga baqaysaa inay adkayso in haddii ninku uusan dammaanad qaadi karin taageerada maaliyadeed iyo ta ruuxiga ah oo siman xaasaskiisa mid kasta, waxaa la dhiirri-geliyaa inuu guursado hal haweenay oo keliya. Sabab lagu tilmaamay guurka badan ayaa ah inay ninka u oggolaato inuu siiyo ilaalin maaliyadeed haween badan, oo laga yaabo inaysan helin taageero kale (tusaale, carrooyinka). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaska ugu horreysa waxay shuruud ku xiri kartaa heshiiska guurka in ninku uusan guursan karin haweenay kale inta ay guursan yihiin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Ratno Lukito|title=Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbridgeable|page=81|publisher=Routledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/fatwa/ShowFatwa.php?lang=A&amp;Id=18444&amp;Option=FatwaId |title=IslamWeb |publisher=IslamWeb |date=7 February 2002 |access-date=13 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa sidoo kale jira kala duwanaansho dhaqameed oo aroosyo ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Gai |url=https://archive.org/details/rememberinggodre0000eato |title=Remembering God: Reflections on Islam |publisher=The Islamic Texts Society |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-946621-84-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=92–93}}&lt;/ref&gt; Polyandry, oo ah dhaqan ay haweenaydu ku guursato laba ama ka badan oo ragg ah, waa ku reebban Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Why Can't a Woman have 2 Husbands? |url=http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |access-date=27 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223012707/http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |archive-date=23 December 2015 |website=14 Publications}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:عکس های مراسم ترتیل خوانی یا جزء خوانی یا قرائت قرآن در ایام ماه رمضان در حرم فاطمه معصومه در شهر قم 20.jpg|thumb|Gabdhaha Muslinka ah oo baranaya Qur'aanka lagu dul dhigay rehalada xilliga Ramadaanka ee Qom, Iiraan.]]
Aadada dhalashada ubadka ka dib, adhaanka waxaa lagu dhawaaqaa dhegta midig. Maalinta todobaad, xafladda caqiiqada ayaa la sameeyaa, oo xayawaan lagu qalo oo hantiisa loo qaybiyo masaakiinta. Madaxa ubadka waa la xiiraa, oo lacag la eg miisaanka dhagaha waxaa loo deeqaa masaakiinta. Gudniinka raga, oo loo yaqaano khitaan, inta badan waa lagu dhaqmaa dunida Muslinka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |year=2014 |title=Khitān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127165754/https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |archive-date=27 January 2020 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=January 2017 |title=Reported Male Circumcision Practices in a Muslim-Majority Setting |journal=BioMed Research International |publisher=Hindawi Publishing Corporation |volume=2017 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2017/4957348 |pmc=5282422 |pmid=28194416 |doi-access=free |author1-last=Anwer |author1-first=Abdul Wahid |author2-last=Samad |author2-first=Lubna |author3-last=Baig-Ansari |author3-first=Naila |author4-last=Iftikhar |author4-first=Sundus}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=13 August 2009 |title=Islam: Circumcision of boys |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112170938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |archive-date=12 November 2012 |access-date=27 May 2020 |work=Religion &amp; ethics—Islam |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xaq-dhowridda iyo addeecidda waalidiinta, iyo daryeelidooda gaar ahaan markay da'da yihiin waa waajib diini ah.

Muslinka dhimanaya waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa inuu dhawaaqo Shahaadada si ay u noqoto hadalkiisa ugu dambeeya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| isbn = 9783643900678| title =Changing European Death Ways| location = Austria| year = 2013| last1=Mathijssen| first1=Brenda|last2=Venhorst|first2=Claudia|last3=Venbrux|first3=Eric|last4=Quartier|first4=Thomas| url =| page = 265 |publisher=Lit }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xaq-dhowridda kii dhintay iyo ka qaybgalka jinaasooyinka ee bulshada dhexdeeda waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ficillada wanaagsan. Caadooyinka aasidda Islaamka, aasidda waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa si dhakhso ah oo ugu macquulsan, inta badan 24 saac dhexdeeda. Meydka waa la dhaqaa, marka laga reebo shuhadada, oo ay dhaqaan kuwo labka ah oo isku jinsi ah waxaana lagu duubaa dhar aan adkayn oo loo yaqaano kafan. Salaadda jinaasada oo loo yaqaano Salat al-Janazah ayaa la tukadaa. Qaylada ama ooyinta weyn ee baroorgaaga ah waa laga fogaadaa. Sanduuqyada aaska inta badan la ma doorbido oo qabrida inta badan calaamad maleho, xata boqorada.
=== Dhaqanka ===
{{Main|Dhaqanka Islaamka}}

{{See also|Farshaxanka Islaamka|Dhismaha Islaamka|Suugaanta Islaamka|Islaamka iyo kubbadda cagta|Muslinka Dhaqanka}}
[[File:Chinese-style minaret of the Great Mosque 2023.jpg|thumb|Minaaradda qaabka Shiinaha ee Masaajidka Weyn ee Xi'an, oo ka mid ah masaajidda ugu ee Shiinaha ee la dhisay 742 AD.]]
Erayga &quot;dhaqanka Islaamka&quot; waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee u gaarka ah diinta, sida ciidaha iyo dharka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si dood ku jirto oo loogu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee dadka Muslinka ah ee dhaqanka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Melikian |first=Souren |author-link=Souren Melikian |date=4 November 2011 |title='Islamic' Culture: A Groundless Myth |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/05/arts/05iht-rartmelikian05.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugudambeyntii, &quot;ilbaxnimada Islaamka&quot; waxay sidoo kale u tilmaami kartaa dhinacyada dhaqanka isku-dhafka ah ee Khilafaadkii hore, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa aan Muslinka ahayn, mararka ka mid ahna loo yaqaano &quot;Islaamiga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher = Wiley| isbn = 9781405155144| title =Islamicate Cosmopolitan Spirit | location = United Kingdom| year = 2021| last=Lawrence| first=Bruce| url =| page = xii| quote = }}&lt;/ref&gt; Farshaxanka Islaamku wuxuu ka kooban yahay farshaxanka muuqaalka ah oo ay ku jiraan ilo kala duwan sida dhismaha, farta qurxoon, sawirka, iyo dhoobada, iyo kuwo kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ettinghausen |first1=Richard |first2=Oleg |last2=Grabar |first3=Marilyn |last3=Jenkins-Madina |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300088670/page/3 |title=Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-300-08869-8 |edition=2nd |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Suarez|first=Michael F.|title=The Oxford companion to the book|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780198606536|location=Oxford and New York|pages=331ff|chapter=38 The History of the Book in the Muslim World|oclc=50238944}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo sameynta sawirrada noolaha inta badan ka laga fogaado oo u xiran sharciyada ka dhanka ah sanam-caabudidda, shuruuddan waxaa u fasiray ilo kala duwan culimo kala duwan iyo xilliyo taariikhi ah oo kala duwan.
[[File:Masjid Menara Kudus.jpg|thumb|Masaajidka Menara Kudus ee qarnigii 16aad ee Indoneesiya, oo muujinaya saamaynta Hindiya.]]
Xaddidaaddan waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu fashilo badnaanta farta qurxoon, joomatariya isku-dhafka ah, iyo qaababka sida ilaha muhiimka ah ee dhaqanka farshaxanka Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Salim Ayduz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=or-6BwAAQBAJ&amp;q=islamic+art+idolatry+geometry&amp;pg=PA263 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam |last2=Ibrahim Kalin |last3=Caner Dagli |date=2014 |page=263|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-981257-8 |quote=Figural representation is virtually unused in Islamic art because of Islam's strong antagonism of idolatry. It was important for Muslim scholars and artists to find a style of art that represented the Islamic ideals of unity (''tawhid'') and order without figural representation. Geometric patterns perfectly suited this goal.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa sii dheer, sawirka Muxammad waa arrin dood ka jirto dhexdeeda Muslinka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|jstor=860736| title = An Indian Picture of Muhammad and His Companions
| author = T. W. Arnold| journal = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
| author-link = T. W. Arnold| date = June 1919| volume = 34| issue = 195
| publisher = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 34, No. 195.
| pages = 249–252}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhismaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, dhaqanka kala duwan wuxuu muujinayaa saamayn sida dhismaha Islaamka ee Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Isbaanishka sida Masaajidka Weyn ee Kairouan oo ka kooban tiirar marmar iyo borfiri ah oo ka yimid dhismayaashii Roomaanka iyo Bizantiinta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Isichei |first=Elizabeth Allo |url={{Google books|LgnhYDozENgC|page=PA175|keywords=mosque%20kairouan%20roman columns|text=mosque+kairouan+roman+columns|plainurl=yes}} |title=A history of African societies to 1870 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-45599-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=175 |access-date=6 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo masaajidda Indoneesiya inta badan leeyihiin saqafyo heerarka badan leh oo ka yimid qaabka dhaladka ah ee Jafa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Gunawan |last=Tjahjono |title=Indonesian Heritage-Architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/architecture00indo/page/88 |year=1998 |publisher=Archipelago Press |location=Singapore |isbn=981-3018-30-5 |pages=88–89 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taariikhda Islaamku waa taariikhda dayaxa oo ka bilaabanta Hijrada 622 CE, oo ah taariikh oo la sheegay inuu doortay Khaliif Cumar maadaama ay ahayd meel isbeddel muhiim ah u ahayd Muxammad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Muslim-calendar|title=Islamic calendar|website=www.britannica.com|date=|access-date=8 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maalmaha barakaysan ee Islaamku waxay ku beegan yihiin taariikho go'an oo ee taariikhda dayaxa, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay dhacaan xilliyo kala duwan sannado kala duwan oo ee taariikhda Miilaadiga. Ciidaha ugu muhiimsan Islaamka waa Ciidul Fitri (Carabi: عيد الفطر) ee 1-da Shawaal, oo calaamad u ah dhammaadka bisha soomanaanta ee Ramadaan, iyo Ciidul Adxa (Carabi: عيد الأضحى) ee 10-ka Dhul-Hijjah, oo ku beegan dhammaadka Xajka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| publisher =Oxford University Press| isbn =9780195165203| title =The Islamic World: Past and Present| year = 2004| last=Esposito| first=John| pages = 75–76 |ref=none}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.britannica.com-2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|title=Pillars of Islam &amp;#124; Islamic Beliefs &amp; Practices &amp;#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|date=3 May 2023|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905102524/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muslinka Dhaqanka waa shakhsiyaad aan cibaadaysaneyn oo wali lagu aqoonsado Islaamka iyadoo laga duulayo asalka qoyska, dhiirrigelinta shakhsiga ah, ama deegaanka bulshada iyo dhaqanka ee ay ku doorteen inay ku koran.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first1= Cara|last1= Aitchison|author1-link= Cara Aitchison|first2= Peter E.|last2= Hopkins|author3-link= Mei-Po Kwan|author3= Mei-Po Kwan|title= Geographies of Muslim Identities: Diaspora, Gender and Belonging|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DRnthQxB8lYC&amp;pg=PA147|access-date= 30 June 2013|year= 2007|publisher= Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn= 978-1-4094-8747-0|pages=147}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice|first=G. Hussein|last= Rassool|year= 2015| isbn=9781317441250| page =10|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_QsCgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Muslims+who+are+religiously+unobservant,+secular+or+irreligious+individuals+who+still+identify+with+the+Muslim&amp;pg=PA10|quote=The label 'Cultural Muslim' is used in the literature to describe those Muslims who are religiously unobservant, secular or irreligious individuals who still identify with the Muslim culture due to family background, personal experiences, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up... For Cultural Muslim the declaration of faith is superficial and has no effect of their religious practices.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Siyaasada===
[[File:Scotusnfrieze.jpeg|thumb|Muxammad oo lagu muujiyay Adolph Alexander Weinman ee Dhismaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka ee Washington, DC isagoo wada seef iyo Qur'aan.]]
Qayb badan oo ka mid ah qarnigii 20aad, aqoonsiga Islaamka iyo maamulka Islaamka ee arrimaha siyaasadda ayaa kordhay horraantii qarnigii 21aad. Siyaasadda Islaamka waa fasiraadda Islaamka oo loo arko il ka mid ah aqoonsiga iyo wax-qabadka siyaasadeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Voll|first1=John O.|last2=Sonn|first2=Tamara|title=Political Islam|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/id/obo-9780195390155-0063|journal=Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets|year=2009|language=en|doi=10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0063|access-date=2017-05-26|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223165247/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0063.xml|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay u doodaysaa dhisidda dawladda iyo bulshada sida ku cad (fahamka u doodayaasha) mabaadi'da Islaamka, halkaas oo Islaamku u shaqeeyo il ka mid ah jagooyinka iyo fikradaha siyaasadeed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;Krämer, Gudrun. &quot;Political Islam.&quot; In Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 6. Edited by Richard C. Martin, 536–540. New York: Macmillan, 2004. [http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam via Encyclopedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713072425/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam|date=2018-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=March|first1=Andrew F.|title=Political Islam: Theory|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|date=2015|volume=18|issue=1|pages=103–123|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141250|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Siyaasadda Islaamka waxaa muriyaal ka dhex jira iyo kuwa ka baxsan tacliinta guud ahaan ugu adeegsadaan si isku mid ah ereyga Islaamiyadda,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; waxaana loo haystaa inuu yahay cunsur siyaasadeed oo ka mid ah Soo-reenka Islaamka oo bilaabmay qarnigii 20aad,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa oo kaliya nooc kasta oo wax-qabad siyaasadeed oo ay sameeyaan Muslimiintu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale jirey dadaallo cusub oo lagu kala saarayo Islaamiyadda oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo ku basada diinta iyo siyaasadda Islaamka oo ah faham qaran oo casri ah oo ku saabsan Islaamka oo ay wadaagaan jilayaasha cilmaaniga ah iyo kuwa Islaamiga ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jocelyne Cesari|year=2018|title=What Is Political Islam|url=https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.rienner.com|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-1-62637-692-2|archive-date=2023-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106160415/https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kooxaha dhowr ah oo ku yaala Bariga Dhexe ayaa u kaftamay inay fikradaha casriynta ku xiraan faragelinta boqortooyadii gumaadkeedii. Wadamada Muslimka ah ee dhowr ah, gaar ahaan Masar iyo Bakistaan, dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo lid ku ah oo u janjeera dhanka diinta ayaa salka ku dhigtay. Sababaha waa kuwo dhinacyo badan leh. Burburkii Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu ahaa dhacdo baaxad weyn oo dhalisay gariirro badan. Gobolku wuxuu la kulmay jahwareer sannado badan maadaama waddamada Carabtu ay hoos tageen saamaynta dhaqanka iyo guulaystayaasha waddamada Yurub. Dhanka cadaadiska dhaqanka oo kordhayay Muslimiintu waxay adkeeyeen aqoonsigooda qaran iyo dhaxalkooda dhaqan, kooxaha qaar waxay ugafeen dhinacyada diinta. Masar dhexdeeda daciifnimada Muslimiinta waxaa lagu eedeeyay u kuปฏิบัตitaanka liidata ee qoraallada diinta. Sida ku cad Hassan al-Banna, dhaqanka Yurub wuxuu ahaa mid maaddiyad ku dhisan, anshax xumo ah oo ku batay ku-tagri-falka heerarka bulshada iyo ribada.

=== Sugaanta ===
{{Main|Islaamiga}}
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Shaqada ugu caansan ee khayaaliga ah ee ka timi dunida Islaamka waa Kumaan iyo Hal Habeen, oo ah ururin sheekooyin hoose/folklore oo ka soo jeeda Sanskriit, Faarisi, iyo ka dib fables Carab ah. Fikradda waxaa saameeyay nooc ka horreeyay Islaamka oo Faarisi ah oo loo yaqaannay Hezār Afsān (Kumaan Sheeko) oo ku tiirsanaa walxaha Hindida ee gaarka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Marzolph|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|title=Arabian Nights|year=2007|publisher=Brill|volume=I|location=Leiden}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay gaadhay foomkeeda ugu dambeeyay qarnigii 14aad; tirada iyo nooca sheekooyinku waxay ku kala duwanaayeen farta gacanta mid ka mid ah mid kale.&lt;ref name=&quot;arabianNights&quot;&gt;Grant &amp; Clute, p. 51&lt;/ref&gt; Shaqadan waxay saameyn weyn ku lahayd Galbeedka tan iyo markii loo turjumay qarnigii 18aad, markii ugu horreysay oo uu turjumay Antoine Galland.&lt;ref&gt;L. Sprague de Camp, Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy, p. 10 {{ISBN|0-87054-076-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku-dayasho ayaa lagu qray, gaar ahaan Faransiiska.&lt;ref name=&quot;arabianNights2&quot;&gt;Grant &amp; Clute, p 52&lt;/ref&gt; Jilayaal kala duwan oo ka socda epik-kan ayaa iyaguna noqday calaamado dhaqameed ee dhaqanka Galbeedka, sida Aladdiin, Sindibad Nawaakhida iyo Cali Baba. Tusaale ka mid ah tixda Carabiga iyo tixda Faarisiga oo ku saabsan jacaylka waa Layla iyo Majnuun, oo dib u dhaceysa xilligii Umawiyiinta ee qarnigii 7aad. Waa sheeko naxdin leh oo ku saabsan jacayl aan dhimanayn. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, oo ah epik-ka qaranka ee Iran-ta Weyn, waa dib-u-sheegid khayaali iyo geesinimo leh oo ku saabsan taariikhda Faarisiga. Amir Arsalan wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa sheeko khayaali ah oo caan ah oo Faarisi ah.

Ibn Tufayl (Abubacer) iyo Ibn al-Nafis waxay ahaayeen hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda. Ibn Tufail wuxuu qray riwaayaddii ugu horreysay ee Carabi ah Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) iyadoo cavab u ah Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, ka dibna Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sidoo kale qray riwaayad Theologus Autodidactus iyadoo cavab u ah Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Labada sheeko waxay lahaayeen jilayaal waaweyn (Hayy ee Philosophus Autodidactus iyo Kamil ee Theologus Autodidactus) oo ahaa carruur is-baray oo duurka ku voolaa oo ku noolaa go'doon kuyeel/jasiirad saxara ah, labaduba waxay ahaayeen tusaalayaasha ugu horreeyay ee sheeko jasiirad saxara ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halka Hayy uu ku nool yahay kaligiis xoolaha jasiiradda saxarada ah inta ka dhiman sheekada Philosophus Autodidactus, sheekada Kamil waxay ka dhib badan tahay jasiiradda saxarada ah ee Theologus Autodidactus, iyadoo u ekaanaysa sheekadii ugu horreysay oo la ogaaday oo ah koreera/hanaqaad oo ugu dambeyntii noqonaysa tusaalaha ugu horreeya ee riwaayadda sayniska khayaaliga ah.&lt;ref&gt;Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), &quot;Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher&quot;, Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), &quot;[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)] {{Wayback|url=http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 |date=20150404020329 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020329/http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615/|date=4 April 2015}}&quot;, pp. 95–101, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.&lt;/ref&gt;

Theologus Autodidactus,&lt;ref&gt;Muhammad b. Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufayl. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC Philosophus autodidactus, sive Epistola Abi Jaafar ebn Tophail de Hai ebn Yokdhan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004180638/https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC |date=4 October 2015 }}: in qua ostenditur, quomodo ex inferiorum contemplatione ad superiorum notitiam ratio humana ascendere possit. E Theatro Sheldoniano, excudebat Joannes Owens, 1700.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi. The Theologus autodidactus of Ibn al-Nafīs. Clarendon P., 1968&lt;/ref&gt; oo uu qray aqoonyahanka Carabi Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFCuoqykV9QC&amp;q=ibn+al+nafis+first+science+fiction+novel&amp;pg=PA236|title=The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature|first=Gregory|last=Claeys|date=5 August 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139828420|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa walxaha sayniska khayaaliga ah sida abuurista iskood u samaysanta, falanqaynta mustaqbalka, dhamaadka dunida iyo qiyaamaha, soo-tegga/sarakicidda, iyo nolosha ka dib. Halkii uu ka siin lahaa sharraxaad mucjiso ama khayaali ah dhacdooyinkan, Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu isku dayay inuu sharraxo walxaha sheekada iyada oo loo marayo aqoonta sayniska ee bijoolajiga, astronomy-ga, cosmology-ga iyo meelaha/juqraafiga oo lagu yaqaannay xilligiisa. Khayaaliga Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sharraxay baridda diinta Islaamka iyada oo loo marayo sayniska iyo falsafadda Islaamka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roubi&quot;&gt;Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), &quot;Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher&quot;, Symposium on Ibn al Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibnul-Nafees As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).&lt;/ref&gt; Turjumaadaha Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus waxay ka muuqdeen Laatiin (1671), Inqiriisi (1708), Jarmal, iyo Dutch. Turjumaadahan luqadaha Yurub waxay ka dib saameyn ku yeesheen Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe&lt;ref&gt;Cyril Glasse (2001), New Encyclopaedia of Islam, p. 202, Rowman Altamira, {{ISBN|0-7591-0190-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Robert Boyle's The Aspiring Naturalist.&lt;ref name=&quot;Toomer-222&quot;&gt;G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Falsafadda ===
[[File:Persian Scholar pavilion in Viena UN (Rhazes&amp;Khayyam).jpg|thumb|Scholars Pavilion waa taallo ay Iran ugu deeqday Xafiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee Vienna. Sannadlaha aqoonyahannadii Muslimka ahaa ee qarniyadii dhexe, Omar Khayyam, Al-Biruni, Rhazes iyo Avicenna ayaa ku dhex jira dhismaha.]]
Astaamaha ugu caansan ee lagu qeexo falsafadda Islaamka waa &quot;qaabka falsafadda ee lagu dhex abuuray qaabdhismeedka dhaqanka Islaamka.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;RoutledgeEoP&quot;&gt;[http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/H057 &quot;Islamic Philosophy&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606082214/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/islamic-philosophy;jsessionid=B31B033F077DD5E68E09CC9D35C02105|date=6 June 2022}}, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998)&lt;/ref&gt; Falsafadda Islaamka, qeexidtan laguma xidho arrimo diimeed oo keliya, mana aha mid ay Muslimiinta oo keliya curiyeen.&lt;ref name=&quot;RoutledgeEoP&quot; /&gt; Aqoonyahanka Faarisiiga ah ee Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) wuxuu lahaa ka badan 450 buug oo loo tiriyo. Qoraalladiisu waxay ku saabsanaayeen maadooyin kala duwan, gaar ahaan falsafadda iyo daawada. Buuggiisa daawada ee The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo adeegsaday sida buugga heerka sare ah ee jaamacadaha Yurub ee qarniyo badan. Wuxuu sidoo kale qray The Book of Healing, oo ah encyclopediya saynis iyo falsafad saameyn leh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ibn Sina [Avicenna]|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=2024|quote=The Cure...had momentous consequences...his philosophical system dominated intellectual history in both Shi’ite and most of Sunni Islam}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakhsiyad kale oo ka tirsan Casrigii Dahabiga ahaa ee Islaamka, Avicenna, wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay dugsigiisa falsafadda ee Avicennism, oo saameyn ku lahaa dhulka Islaamka iyo kan Masiixiga dhexdiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Saliba|first=George|author-link=George Saliba|date=1994|title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam|pages=245, 250, 256–257|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=0-8147-8023-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Falsafad kale oo saameyn ku lahaa falsafadda casriga ah wuxuu ahaa Ibn Tufail. Riwaayaddiisii falsafadda ahayd, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, oo loo turjumay Laatiin siday tahay Philosophus Autodidactus sannadkii 1671, waxay horumarisay mawduucyada empiricism, tabula rasa, dabiicadda iyo korinta, xaaladda suurtogalnimada, materialism,&lt;ref&gt;Dominique Urvoy, &quot;The Rationality of Everyday Life: The Andalusian Tradition? (Aropos of Hayy's First Experiences)&quot;, in Lawrence I. Conrad (1996), The World of Ibn Tufayl: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān, pp. 38–46, Brill Publishers, {{ISBN|90-04-09300-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Molyneux's problem.&lt;ref&gt;Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufail and Léon Gauthier (1981), Risalat Hayy ibn Yaqzan, p. 5, Editions de la Méditerranée.&lt;/ref&gt; Aqoonyahannada iyo qoraayaasha Yurub ee uu saameeyay riwaayaddan waxaa ka mid ah John Locke,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994), pp. 224–39&lt;/ref&gt; Gottfried Leibniz,&lt;ref name=&quot;Wainwright&quot;&gt;Martin Wainwright, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/mar/22/featuresreviews.guardianreview1 Desert island scripts], The Guardian, 22 March 2003.&lt;/ref&gt; Melchisédech Thévenot, John Wallis, Christiaan Huygens,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994) p. 227&lt;/ref&gt; George Keith, Robert Barclay, Quakers,&lt;ref&gt;Russell (1994), p. 247&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Samuel Hartlib.&lt;ref name=&quot;Toomer-2222&quot;&gt;G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Falsafada Islaamku waxay sii waday horumarka falsafadda ilaa qarnigii 17aad, markii Mulla Sadra uu sameeyay dugsigiisa Transcendent theosophy oo uu horumaray fikradda existentialism-ka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy|first=Muhammad|last=Kamal|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-5271-7|pages=9, 39|oclc=224496901}}&lt;/ref&gt; Falsafado kale oo saameyn lahaa oo Muslimiin ah waxaa ka mid ah Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), oo ah hormuudka phenomenology iyo falsafadda sayniska iyo dhaleeceeyaha dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian iyo fikradda Aristotle ee goobta (topos); Al-Biruni, dhaleeceeye dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian; Ibn al-Nafis, hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, aasaasaha falsafadda Illuminationist; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, dhaleeceeye mantiqa Aristotelian iyo hormuudka mantiqa inductive-ka; iyo Ibn Khaldun, oo ah hormuudka falsafadda taariikhda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Akhtar&quot;&gt;S.R.W. Akhtar (1997). &quot;The Islamic Concept of Knowledge&quot;, Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought &amp; Culture 12 (3). https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol-12-no3/islamic-concept-knowledge-sayyid-wahid-akhtar&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada ===
[[File:Statue of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi in Urgench.jpg|thumb|Taallada Al-Khwarizmi ee Urgench, Uzbekistan.]]
Ibn al-Haytham waxaa sidoo xaqiiqo ah loo arkaa aabbaha optics-ka, gaar ahaan cadeyntiisa empirik-ka ah ee aragtida intromission-ka ee iftiinka. Jim Al-Khalili wuxuu sheegay 2009 in Ibn al-Haytham 'loogu yeero inta badan &quot;saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee dhabta ah ee dunida&quot;.'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Al-Khalili|first=Jim|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7810846.stm|title=BBC News|date=4 January 2009|access-date=11 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426041228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm|archive-date=26 April 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al-Khwarizmi wuxuu alifay nidaamyada log base-ka ee maanta loo adeecsado, wuxuu sidoo kale ka qaybqaatay theorems ee trigonometry iyo sidoo kale limits.&lt;ref&gt;Plofker, Kim (2009), Mathematics in India: 500 BCE–1800 CE, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-12067-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Waxbarashooyinkii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujinayaan inay u badan tahay in fannaaniintii Muslimka ahayd ee Qarniyadii Dhexe ay ogaayeen geometriyada quasicrystal ee decagonal ah ee sare ee la helay kala bar millennium ka dib 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii ee Galbeedka, ayna u adeegsadeen shaqada tiled-ka ee dhismaha.&lt;ref&gt;Peter J. Lu, [http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html Harvard's Office of News and Public Affairs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314012002/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html|date=14 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhaqaatiirta Muslimiinta ah waxay ka qaybqaateen sahanka daawada, oo ay ku jiraan anatomy iyo physiology: sida shaqadii Faarisiiga ahayd ee qarnigii 15aad ee uu sameeyay Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas ee loo yaqaan Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy-ga jirka) oo ku jireen sawirro guud oo ku saabsan habka jirka, dareemayaasha iyo habka wareegga dhiigga; ama shaqadii dhakhtarkii Masar Ibn al-Nafis, oo soo bandhigay aragtida wareegga dhiigga ee sambabada. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Abulcasis) wuxuu ka qaybqaatay edbinta qalliinka daawada buuggiisa Kitab al-Tasrif (&quot;Buugga Tanaasulaadka&quot;), oo ah encyclopediya daawa oo ka dib loo turjumay Laatiin oo loo adeegsaday iskoolada daawada ee Yurub iyo Muslimiinta ee qarniyo badan. Horumaro kale oo daawo ah waxay ka tulmeen dhinacyada pharmacology iyo pharmacy.&lt;ref&gt;Turner, H. (1997) pp. 136–38&lt;/ref&gt; Saynisyahannada ugu caansan ee ka mid ah dunida Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe waxaa ka mid ah Jābir ibn Hayyān, al-Farabi, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Biruni, Avicenna, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, iyo Ibn Khaldun.

Tiknoolajiyada dhexdeeda, dunida Islaamka waxay warqad-sameynta ka qaadatay Shiinaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lucas&quot;&gt;Adam Robert Lucas (2005), &quot;Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe&quot;, Technology and Culture 46 (1), pp. 1–30 [10].&lt;/ref&gt; Aqoonta baaruudda waxaa sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay Shiinaha iyada oo loo marayo waddamada badankooda Islaamka ah.&lt;ref&gt;Arming the Periphery. Emrys Chew, 2012. p. 1823.&lt;/ref&gt; Horumar ayaa lagu sameeyay waraabinta iyo beeraha, iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyad cusub sida mishiinka dabaysha. Dalagyada sida lowska/almond iyo miraha sitrus waxaa loo keenay Yurub iyadoo loo marayo al-Andalus, oo beerashada sonkorta ayaa si tartiib-tartiib ah ay ugu ku-daydeen Yurubiyanku. Ganacsatada Carabta waxay maamuleen ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya ilaa imaatinka Boortaqiisku ee qarnigii 16aad. Hormuz wuxuu ahaa xarun muhiim ah oo ganacsigan ah. Waxaa sidoo kale ka jirey shabakad cufan oo waddooyinka ganacsiga ee Badda Dhexe, oo ay waddamada aqlabiyadda Muslimka ah ku ganacsan jireen kesooda iyo awoodaha Yurub sida Venice, Genoa iyo Catalonia (sido kale eeg: Indo-Mediterranean). Jidka Xariirta oo ka tallaabaya Aasiyada Dhexe wuxuu marayay dawlado Islaam ah oo u dhexeya Shiinaha iyo Yurub. Soo-bixidda boqortooyooyinka dhaqaale ee waaweyn oo leh kheyraad tiknoolajiyadeed ka dib qabsashadii Timur (Tamerlane) iyo soo-reenka Timurid Renaissance waxaa ka mid ah Boqortooyada Mali iyo Saltanaddii Bengal gaar ahaan, oo ah qaran ganacsi oo caalami ah oo dunida ku yaal, oo Yurubiyanku ku describe gareeyeen &quot;waddanka ugu hodansan ee lagu ganacsado&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. {{ISBN|978-81-8069-149-2}}. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iinjineerada Muslimiinta ee dunida Islaamka waxay sameeyeen isticmaalo warshadeed oo cusub oo hydropower ah, iyo isticmaalo warshadeed oo hore oo ah tidal power iyo wind power.&lt;ref&gt;Ahmad Y. al-Hassan (1976). Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, pp. 34–35. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.&lt;/ref&gt; Isticmaalka warshadeed ee watermills ee dunida Islaamka wuxuu dib u dhacaa qarnigii 7aad, halka water mills-ka leh giraangiraha jiifa iyo kuwa taagan oo dhan loo adeegsanayay si weyn tan iyo ugu yaraan qarnigii 9aad. Mashiinno warshadeed oo kala duwan ayaa lagu adeegsanayay dunida Islaamka, oo ay ku jiraan fulling mills, gristmills, paper mills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills iyo windmills. Markii ay gaadhay qarnigii 11aad, gobol kasta oo ka mid ah dunida Islaamka wuxuu lahaa mashiinnadan warshadeed oo shaqaynaya, kuwo ka billowda al-Andalus iyo Waqooyiga Afrika ilaa Bariga Dhexe iyo Aasiyada Dhexe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lucas&quot; /&gt; Iinjineerada Muslimiinta waxay sidoo kale alifeen crankshafts iyo water turbines, waxay adeegsadeen gears ee mashiinnada iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada, waxayna hormuud u ahaayeen isticmaalka dam-yada sida il ka mid ah awoodda biyaha, oo loo adeegsaday in lagu siiyo awood dheeraad ah watermills iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan&quot;&gt;Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering&lt;/ref&gt; Horumaradan waxay suurtogal ka dhigeen in shaqooyinka warshadeed oo hore loogu kexayn jiray shaqaale hanto ama gacanta xilliyadii hore ay noqdaan kuwo la mishiineeyay oo lagu kexo mashiinno beddelkeeda dunidii Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe. Wareejinta tiknoolajiyadan oo loo wareejiyay Yurubtii qarniyadii dhexe waxay saameyn ku lahayd Industrial Revolution-ka, gaar ahaan ka soo jeeda proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal iyo Tipu Sultan's Kingdom, iyadoo loo marayo qabsashadii East India Company.

=== Aqsanta ===
[[File:Taj Mahal (Edited).jpeg|thumb|Taj Mahal ee India waxaa loo arkaa masterpiece si caalami ah loo bogsho oo ka tirsan World's Heritage, iyo mid ka mid ah Seven Wonders of the World.]]
{{excerpt|Islamic architecture|only=paragraphs}}

== Saamaynta diimaha kale, iyo Islaamiga ==
{{Main|Islaamiga|Islaamiga waddan ahaan}}
[[File:Mohammed2.jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad iyo Rahibkii Sergius, oo uu sameeyay Lucas van Leyden, 1508 AD. Waxay muujineysaa Halsooreedkii Nabi Muxammad ee ku dhex wareegi jiray Yurub.]]
[[File:La.Vie.de.Mahomet Christies.jpg|thumb|403x403px|Nabi Muxammad oo haysta seef iyo bilal halka uu ku tunto dunida, iskutallaabta, iyo Tobanka Amrood. Waxaa sameeyay Humphrey Prideaux, 1699.]]
[[File:Nuremberg chronicles - Mohammed (CLIv).jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad oo fadhiya dhanka bidix, oo ku sawiran Nuremberg Chronicle, 1440 AD.]]
Haddii dhaqdhaqaaqyada sida Druze,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=De McLaurin |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalroleofm0000unse |title=The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East |publisher=Michigan University Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-03-052596-4 |page=114 |quote=Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles, the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Shireen |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofislami0000unse |title=The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and Unity: Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-253-34549-3 |page=33 |quote=Druze – An offshoot of Shi'ism; its members are not considered Muslims by orthodox Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=R. Williams |first=Victoria |title=Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 volumes] |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-4408-6118-5 |page=318 |quote=As Druze is a nonritualistic religion without requirements to pray, fast, make pilgrimages, or observe days of rest, the Druze are not considered an Islamic people by Sunni Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Berghouata iyo Ha-Mim, ay ka soo baxeen Islaamka ama ay la wadaageen rumayntooda gaarka ah Islaamka, iyo haddii mid kastaa yahay diin gooni ah ama firqad ka mid ah Islaamka waa aragtiyo dood ku jiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=D. Grafton |first=David |title=Piety, Politics, and Power: Lutherans Encountering Islam in the Middle East |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-63087-718-7 |page=14 |quote=In addition, there are several quasi-Muslim sects, in that, although they follow many of the beliefs and practices of orthodox Islam, the majority of Sunnis consider them heretical. These would be the Ahmadiyya, Druze, Ibadi, and the Yazidis.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caqiidada Druze waxay sii kala qaybisay Ismaaciiliyada maadaama ay horumarisay caqiidooyinkeeda gaarka ah, waxayna ugu dambeyntii ka sootagday Ismaaciiliyada iyo Islaamka labadaba; kuwan waxaa ka mid ah rumaynta in Imaamka Al-Xaakim bi-Amr Allaah uu ahaa Ilaah jisoobay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Poonawala |first=Ismail K. |date=July–September 1999 |title=Review: ''The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning'' by Heinz Halm |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_july-september-1999_119_3/page/542 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |publisher=American Oriental Society |volume=119 |issue=3 |page=542 |doi=10.2307/605981 |issn=0003-0279 |jstor=605981 |lccn=12032032 |oclc=47785421}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Bryer | first = David R. W. | title = The Origins of the Druze Religion (Fortsetzung) | journal = Der Islam | year = 1975 | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–262 | doi = 10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | s2cid = 162363556 | url = https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | issn = 1613-0928 | ref = {{harvid|Bryer|1975b}} | url-access = subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yazdânism waxaa loo arkaa isku-dhafan ka mid ah rumaynta dhaladka ee Kurdiida iyo caqiidada Suufiyada Islaamka ee loo soo bandhigay Kurdistan ee Sheekh Cadi ibn Musafir ee qarnigii 12aad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Foltz |first=Richard |title=Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present |date=7 November 2013 |isbn=978-1-78074-307-3 |page=219 |chapter=Two Kurdish Sects: The Yezidis and the Yaresan |publisher=Oneworld Publications |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bábism waxay ka soo bilaabatay Shiicada Isnaashariyada ee martay Siyyid 'Ali Muhammad i-Shirazi al-Bab iyadoo mid ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri Baha'u'llah uu aasaasay Caqiidada Baha'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=House of Justice |first=Universal |title=One Common Faith |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/OCF/ocf-8.html |access-date=1 April 2017 |website=reference.bahai.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yarsanism,&lt;ref name=&quot;Z. Mir-Hosseini 1994, p.267&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mir-Hosseini |first=Z. |date=1994 |title=Inner Truth and Outer History: The Two Worlds of the Ahl-e Haqq of Kurdistan |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1994-04_26_2/page/267 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=26 |pages=267–268}}&lt;/ref&gt; Din-i Ilahi,{{sfnp|Roychoudhury|1941|page=306}} iyo Ali-Illahism&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Layard |first=Austen Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&amp;q=ali%2520illahism&amp;pg=PA216 |title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum |date=2010-08-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108016773 |page=216 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaa loo arkaa kuwo ka sootagay Islaamka. Sikhism, oo uu aasaasay Guru Nanak oo ku sugan Punjab qarnigii 15aad ee dambe, waxaa saameeyay Islaamku.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Elsberg |first=Constance |date=2003 |title=Graceful Women |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |isbn=978-1-57233-214-0 |pages=27–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaleeceynta ==
{{Main|Dhaleeceynta Islaamka}}

{{see also|Dhaleeceynta Muxammad|Dhaleeceynta Qur'aanka}}
[[File:Jacques Courtois - Battle between Christians and Muslims.jpg|thumb|Dagaalkii ka dhex dhacay Muslinka iyo Masiixiyiinta xilligii Dagaalladii Saliibiyada, oo uu sameeyay Jacques Courtois.]]
Dhaleeceynta Islaamku waxay jirtay tan iyo heeraradeedii ugu horreeyay. Dhaleeceyntii hore waxay ka timid qoraayaal Yahuud ah, sida Ibn Kammuna, iyo qoraayaal Masiixi ah, oo kuwo badan oo ka mid ah ay u arkayeen Islaamka bidco Masiixi ah ama nooc sanam-caabudid ah, iyagood inta badan ku fashilayay terms apocalyptic ah.{{sfnp|Fahlbusch et al|2001|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC|page=759}} 759]}} Qoraayaasha Masiixiyiinta ahi waxay dhaleeceeyeen sharraxaadaha laab-lakacsan ee Islaamku ka bixiyo jannada. Qarnigii sagaalaad aqoonyahankii Muslinka ahaa ee Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari wuxuu u dooday sharraxaadda Qur'aanka ee jannada iyadoo sheegaysa in Baybalku sidoo kale tilmaamayso fikradahaas, sida cabbidda khamriga ee jannada dhexdeeda oo ku jirta Injiilka Matayos. Caalimkii Masiixiga ahaa ee qarnigii 4aad Augustine ee Hippo caqiidooyinkiisu waxay keeneen diidmo baahsan oo ku saabsan raaxada jidhka ee nolosha iyo aakhiro dhexdeeda labadaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=Christian Lange |title=Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-50637-3 |pages=18–20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sawirro aflaadaad ah oo ka dhan ah Muxammad, oo ka soo bilaabmay sawirraddii hore ee qarnigii 7aad ee Kaniisadda Ortodokska Bari ee Boqortooyada Bizantiinta,&lt;ref&gt;Reeves, Minou, and P. J. Stewart. 2003. ''Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making''. NYU Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8147-7564-6}}. p. 93–96.&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ka muuqdaan gabayga qarnigii 14aad ee Divine Comedy oo uu qaray Dante Alighieri. Halkan, Muxammad waxaa lagu muujiyay goobta sideedaad ee jahannamada, iyadoo la joogo Cali. Dante ma eedayno Islaamka guud ahaan laakiin wuxuu eedaynayaa Muxammad kala qaybin, maadaama uu aasaasay diin kale Masiixiyadda ka dib.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stone&quot;&gt;Stone, G. 2006. ''Dante's Pluralism and the Islamic Philosophy of Religion''. Springer Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4039-8309-1}}. p. 53–54.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhaleeceynaha kale waxay diiradda saaraan la-dhaqanka shakhsiyaadka ee gudaha waddamada casriga ah ee Muslinku ku badan yahay, oo ay ku jiraan arrimo ku saabsan xuquuqda aadanaha, goorta ay si dhow u la xiriirto fulinta sharciga Islaamka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first1=Yohanan|last1=Friedmann|year=2003|title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie/page/n31 18], 35|isbn=978-0-521-02699-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale, isbeddellada dhowaan ee dhaqammada kala duwan ka dib, kartida loo malaynayo inay leeyihiin soo-galootiga Muslinka ah ee Galbeedka si ay u la qabsadaan waa la dhaleeceeyay oo waxaa loo eedeeyay asalka Islaamka kuwo ka mid ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Modood |first=Tariq |url=https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo |title=Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach |date=6 April 2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35515-5 |edition=1st |page=[https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo/page/n43 29] |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugu dambeyntii cilmi-baaris{{what|date=April 2026}} waxay heshay in diindhaqameedka Islaamka oo sarreeya uu la xiriiro xagjirinimada Islaamka oo sarreysa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kamenowski |first1=Maria |last2=Manzoni |first2=Patrik |last3=Haymoz |first3=Sandrine |last4=Isenhardt |first4=Anna |last5=Jacot |first5=Cédric |last6=Baier |first6=Dirk |date=2021-06-17 |title=Religion as an influencing factor of right-wing, left-wing and Islamist extremism. Findings of a Swiss youth study |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=6 |article-number=e0252851 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0252851 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=8211158 |pmid=34138885 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1652851K }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Ilaha ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Signs in the heavens |volume=2 |publisher=Amana Publications |year=2006 |isbn=1-59008-040-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Arnold|first=Thomas |title=The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith.|volume= |publisher= |year=1896 |isbn=}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Brockopp |first=Jonathan E. |title=Islamic Ethics of Life: abortion, war and euthanasia |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-57003-471-8}}
*{{Cite book|last=Bulliet|first=Richard| publisher = Houghton Mifflin| isbn = 0-618-42770-8| title = The Earth and Its Peoples
| location = Boston| year = 2005| url = | page = | quote = }}
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* {{Cite book |last=Rippin |first=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimstheirreli0000ripp |title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-415-21781-1 |edition=2nd |author-link=Andrew Rippin}}
* {{cite book |last=Roychoudhury |first=Makhanlal |year=1941 |title=The Din-i Ilahi, or, The Religion of Akbar |publisher=University of Calcutta |oclc=3312929 |url=https://archive.org/details/diniilahiorthere031361mbp |via=Internet Archive}}
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{{Refend}}

=== Qaamuusyo iyo encyclopedias ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{harvc |last1=Gardet|first1=L.|last2=Jomier|first2=J.|year=2012|c=Islām |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0387}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Fahlbusch et al|2001}} |editor-last=Fahlbusch |editor-first=Erwin |display-editors=etal |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC}} |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=2001 |isbn=978-90-04-11695-5 |volume=2}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=1913–1936 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor1-last=Houtsma |editor1-first=M.T. |editor1-link=Martijn Theodoor Houtsma |editor2-first=T.W. |editor2-last=Arnold |editor2-link=Thomas Walker Arnold |editor3-first=R. |editor3-last=Basset |editor4-first=R. |editor4-last=Hartmann |edition=1st |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-08265-6 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (1st ed.)|1913–1936}}}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=2012 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |edition=2nd |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012}}}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|n.d.}} |date=n.d. |url=https://brill.com/view/package/eio?language=en |url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World |series=Macmillan Reference Books |publisher=Thomson-Gale |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofis0001unse |editor-last=Martin |editor-first=Richard C. |isbn=978-0-02-865603-8}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |date=n.d. |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |editor-link=Jane Dammen McAuliffe}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=2 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2002}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=3 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2003}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Salamone |editor-first=Frank |edition=1st |isbn=978-0-415-94180-8 |series=Routledge Encyclopedias of Religion and Society |volume=6 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre00sala |jstor=j.ctt1jd94wq |year=2004}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas |editor-last=Glassé |editor-first=Cyril |series=Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam |isbn=978-0-7591-0190-6 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada |url-access=registration}} {{doi|10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001}} – via Oxford Reference.
* {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |year=2004 |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-975726-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |title=The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=isDgI0-0Ip4C|page=}} |editor-last=Leaman |editor-first=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-32639-1}}
{{Refend}}

== Akhrin dheeraad ah ==
{{Refbegin}}
* Abdul-Haqq, Abdiyah Akbar (1980). ''Sharing Your Faith with a Muslim''. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers. ''N.B''. Presents the genuine doctrines and concepts of Islam and of the Holy Qur'an, and this religion's affinities with Christianity and its Sacred Scriptures, in order to &quot;dialogue&quot; on the basis of what both faiths really teach. {{ISBN|0-87123-553-6}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2008 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |publisher=SAGE; Cato Institute |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |last=Ahmad |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Islam |author-link=Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-first=Ronald |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |pages=256–258 |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n155 |isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4 |lccn=2008009151 |oclc=750831024 |url={{Google books|yxNgXs3TkJYC|plainurl=yes}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Akyol |first=Mustafa |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwithoutextr0000akyo |title=Islam Without Extremes |publisher=W.W. Norton &amp; Company |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-393-07086-6 |edition=1st |author-link=Mustafa Akyol}}
* {{Cite book |last=Arberry |first=A.J. |url=https://archive.org/details/koraninterpreted00ajar |title=The Koran Interpreted: A Translation |publisher=Touchstone |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-684-82507-6 |edition=1st |author-link=A. J. Arberry}}
* Cragg, Kenneth (1975). ''The House of Islam'', in ''The Religious Life of Man Series''. Second ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company 1975. xiii, 145 p. {{ISBN|0-8221-0139-4}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Hafez |first=Sherine |title=An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements |year=2011 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=9780814773055 |url=https://opensquare.nyupress.org/books/9780814790724/}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Muhammad Muhsin |title=Noble Quran |last2=Al-Hilali Khan |last3=Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=1999 |isbn=978-9960-740-79-9 |edition=1st |author-link=Muhammad Muhsin Khan}}
* Khanbaghi, A, (2006). ''The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran''. I. B. Tauris.
* Khavari, Farid A. (1990). ''Oil and Islam: the Ticking Bomb''. First ed. Malibu, Calif.: Roundtable Publications. viii, 277 p., ill. with maps and charts. {{ISBN|0-915677-55-5}}.
* {{Cite book |title=The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-965-224-040-8 |editor-last=Kramer |editor-first=Martin |editor-link=Martin Kramer}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kuban |first=Dogan |title=Muslim Religious Architecture |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=1974 |isbn=978-90-04-03813-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwest00lewi_0 |title=Islam and the West |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-19-509061-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesinconfli0000lewi |title=Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-510283-3 |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mubarkpuri |first=Saifur-Rahman |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Prophet |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-59144-071-0}}
* {{Cite book |last=Najeebabadi |first=Akbar Shah |title=History of Islam |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-59144-034-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sayilgan |first=Salih |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/god-evil-and-suffering-in-islam/C4C89591ADAAF25F104D517C4F4634B3 |title=God, Evil, and Suffering in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9781009377294}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |url=https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |title=Deciphering the Signs of God: A Phenomenological Approach to Islam |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7914-1982-3 |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422154518/https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schuon |first=Frithjof |title=Understanding Islam |publisher=Allen &amp; Unwin |year=1963 |isbn=978-0941532242 |edition=3rd |author-link=Frithjof Schuon}}
* {{Cite book |last=Stoddard |first=Lothrop |title=The New World of Islam |publisher=Chapman &amp; Hall |year=1922 |url=https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/24107}}
* {{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Benjamin |title=Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith |publisher=Peter Owen Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7206-1038-3 |author-link=Benjamin Walker (author)}}
{{Refend}}

== Xiriirinta dibadda ==
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam &quot;Islam&quot;]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/index.shtml Religion &amp; Ethics – Islam] Maqaallo hordhac u ah Islaamka oo ka socda BBC

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Suudaan</title>
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      <text bytes="7732" sha1="ia2laswazcvmkzneg0j1b24dt822xla" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Suudaan
| native_name = {{raise|0.1em|{{lang|ar|{{big|جمهورية السودان}}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;''Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān''
| common_name = Sudan
| image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg
| image_coat = 
| image_map = Sudan on the globe (de-facto + claimed hatched) (North Africa centered).svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=red }}
| symbol_type = Emblem
| national_motto = {{native phrase|ar|{{big|النصر لنا}}|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;An-Naṣar li-nā&quot;&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;Victory is ours&quot;}}
| national_anthem = {{unbulleted list |{{big|نحن جند الله جند الوطن}}|&lt;center&gt;[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]]&lt;/center&gt;}}
| official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Carabi]], [[Ingiriis]] }}
| ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year =
| demonym = 
| capital = [[Khartuum]]
| latd=15 |latm=38 |latNS=N |longd=032 |longm=32 |longEW=E
| largest_city = [[Omdurman]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/2000_round.htm United Nations: Population of capital cities and cities of 100 000 or more inhabitants: latest available year, 1990–2009, Demographic Yearbook 2009 – 2010,P 288–289, 2011, 12 May 2012]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.citypopulation.de/Sudan.html Sudan: States, Major Cities, Towns &amp; Agglomeration – Statistics &amp; Maps on City Population. City Population 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;
| government_type =
| leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyneyaashii Suudaan|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1 = Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan
| leader_title2 = [[Madaxweyne ku xigeen]]
| leader_name2 = Vacant
| legislature = 
| upper_house = 
| lower_house = 
| sovereignty_type = Askunka
| established_event1 = 
| established_date1 =
| established_event2 = 
| established_date2 = 
| established_event3 = 
| established_date3 = 
| established_event4 =
| established_date4 = 
| established_event5 = 
| established_date5 = 
| established_event6 = 
| established_date6 = 
| GDP_PPP_year = 2012
| GDP_PPP = $85.272 billion&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&amp;pr.y=8&amp;sy=2009&amp;ey=2012&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=732&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= Sudan: International Monetary Fund, 2013]&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank =2022
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,545
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $25.941 billion
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2022
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,789
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| area_km2 = 1886068
| area_sq_mi = 728215
| area_rank = 16th
| area_magnitude = | percent_water =
| population_census_year = 2016
| population_census = 39,894,000 ''(disputed)''&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 News24; AFP, Cape Town, 2009, Discontent over Sudan census]&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census_rank = 40th
| population_density_km2 = 16.4
| population_density_sq_mi = 42.4
| population_density_rank =
| Gini_year = 2009
| Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt; 
| Gini = 35.3 &lt;!--number only--&gt; 
| Gini_ref =&lt;ref&gt;[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ Gini Index; World Bank, 2 March 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = 2011
| HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI = 0.408 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref&gt;[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf Human Development Report 2011; United Nations Development Programme 2 November 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 169th
| FSI = {{nowrap|113.7 {{increase}} 1.4}}
| FSI_year = 2007
| FSI_rank = 1st
| FSI_category = &lt;span style=&quot;color:#f00;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;Alert&lt;/span&gt;
| currency = [[Suudaan pound]]
| currency_code = SDG
| time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika]]
| utc_offset = +3
| time_zone_DST = not observed
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| drives_on = midig
| calling_code = [[+249]]
| cctld = [[.sd]], [[سودان.]]
}}
'''Jamhuuriyada [[Suudaan]] ee [[Carabta]]''' waxa la bedely magaicii hore ee suudaan kadib markii [[Koonfur Suudaan]] ay ka goday waqoogiyiga [[Suudaan]], wadankani waxa uu ku yaalaa [[Woqooyi]]ga [[Afrika]]. Waxaa soo gumeestay gumeestihii ingriiska. Wadanka Suudaan mar waxa uu ahaa wadanka ugu ween afrika, waxoona xuduud la leyahay wadamada [[Masar]], [[Libiya]], [[Tchad]], [[Itoobiya]], [[Eratareya]]. Wadanka Suudaan waxoo kala go'ay taariikhda marka ee ahayd 9 [[Luuliyo]] [[2011]]. Suudaan waxee markeeda hore xornimo ka heshay gumeestihii ingriiska sanadka marka oo ahaa 1956dii, isla markaas neh wadanka waxoo ku biiray [[Qaramada Midoobay|QM]],waxaana xukumada qaaday xukumad militari ah oo markaa rabtay in ee wadanka ku xukunto diinta islaamka. 


Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1972dii ilaa 1982 Suudaan waxaa ka socday dagaalka aduunka ugu foosha xun oona ugu dheer qaarada [[Afrika]]. Dagaalkaas waxoo u dhaxeeyay waqooyiga Suudaan, oo ah meesha ee caasimada ku taalo, oona ah meesha ugu badan muslimiinta iyo Koonfurta suudaan oo ah meesha karishtaanka ugu badan oona leh saliid. Wabada qeebood waxee hishiis rasmi ah kala gaareen, taariikhda markii ay aheyd 9ka [[Janaayo]] 2005.

==Sawiro==
[[File:Map_of_Sudan_(New).jpg|thumb|right|400px|]]
[[File:Sudan Khartoum View with Traffic 2003.jpg|thumb|400px|Vista dau centre de Khartom.]]
[[File:Al-Marekh_Stadium_Omdurman_Sudan_1964_Designed_by_Abdel-Moneim_Mustafa_6.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]][[File:Khartoum_public_transportation.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]]

== Taariikh ==
Suudaan waxee ka midtahay wadamada ugu horeeyay oo islaamka soo maray, gaar ahaan dhinaca saxaarada ee waqooyiga Suudaan. wadanka waxaa soo galay Ajanabi carab ah, isla markaas neh ee ka midnoqdeen dadkii horay u degenaa jiray Suudaan, waxeena diinta ku sii faafiyeen ilaa koonfurta Suudaan.


==''Un Tiroka''- 506 ==
==Boqolkiiba IMF==
*'''0.04%'''


==Xubin==

*''[[Bankiga Aduunka]]''** `

*''[[Midowga Afrika]]'' * *`

*''[[Jaamacada Carabta]]'' * *

*'''[[Qaramada Midoobay]]'''* * `

*''[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]]''*`

*'''[[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]]'''*`

==Waddnmaha deggaan Sudan==
* {{Flag|Egypt}} 10,000+
* {{Flag|Libya}} 2000+
*{{Flag|South Sudan}}1000+
* {{Flag|Jad}} 200+
* {{Flag|Eritrea}} 200+
* {{Flag|Ethiopia}} 100+

== Waqtigii Gumeesiga ==
Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1820 ilaa 1822dii, dhul ka mid ah Suudaan waxaa qabsaday wadanka [[Masar]], isla markaas neh waxaa la sameeyay magaalada [[Khartuum]]. Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1881dii, waxaa dhashtay [[Maleeshiyada Mahdi]], kuwaas oo ka soo horeejaday ama eediidanaayeen gumeestiyaashii masar iyo ingriiska. Maleeshiyadaas waxee sameesatay wadan u gooni ah, isla markaas neh waxee caasimad kadhigteen magaalada [[Omdurman]]. Wadankaas waxoo jiray ilaa 1898dii, isla markaas neh waxaa qabsaday gumeestihii ingriiska oo ku guulestay dagaaladii ee kula jireen.
[[File:Nubian_Prince_Hekanefer_bringing_tribute_for_King_Tut,_18th_dynasty,_Tomb_of_Huy.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]]== Dhaqaale suudaan ==
Suudaan dhaqaaleheeda kor ayoo u socdaa ayada oo la ganacsato wadamada [[shiinaha]], [[jabaan]], [[sacuudi carabiya]], [[imaaradaka carabta]] iyo masar. Suudaan waxee soo saartaa saliid oo laga keeno koonfurta suudaan iyo shidaal. Dahab iyo waxyaabo badan neh wee sameesaa, lacagta ee suudaan hesho 100kiiba 50 waxee ku baxdaa militari.

== Shacabka ==
Suudaan waa wadan oo ajnabi aad u badan ku nool. waxaa lagu hadlaa luqado gaareeso ilaa 110 luqadood, dadka waxaa loo kala qeebiyay waqooyi oo ah meesha ee carabta iyo Nubianka degentahay iyo dhaxbartanka ilaa koonfurta neh waa dad wada ajnabi ah oo aad u kala duwan.

==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

==Sido Kale fiiri==
* [[Masar]]
* [[Itoobiya]]
* [[Sacuudi Carabiya]]
* [[Inqilaabkii ka dhacay Suudaan (2021)]]

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Suudaan]]
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yugandha</title>
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| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Yugaandha
| native_name = ''Jamhuri ya Uganda''
| common_name = Uganda
| image_flag = Flag of Uganda.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Uganda.svg
| image_map = Uganda (orthographic projection).svg
| national_motto = 
| national_anthem = 
| nickname = 
| official_languages = |[[Sawaaxili]]&lt;{{hlist |[[Ingiriis (luqad)|Ingiriis]]|[[Sawaaxili]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ugtoc.html &quot;Uganda: Society&quot;] in the [[Library of Congress]]. Retrieved 29 June 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| languages_type = 
| languages = 
|ethnic_groups =
| ethnic_groups_year = 
| demonym = 
| capital = [[Kampala]]
| largest_city = capital
| government_type = 
| leader_title1 = 
| leader_name1 = 
| leader_title2 = 
| leader_name2 = 
| leader_title3 = 
| leader_name3 = 
| legislature = 
| area_km2 = 236,040
| area_rank = 81st
| area_magnitude = 1 E11
| area_sq_mi = 91,136
| percent_water = 15.39
| population_estimate = 35,873,253
| population_estimate_year = 2012
| population_estimate_rank = 35th
| population_census = 24,227,297
| population_census_year = 2002
| population_density_km2 = 137.1
| population_density_sq_mi = 355.2 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 80th
|GDP_PPP_year = 2012
| GDP_PPP = $50.439 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=31&amp;pr.y=16&amp;sy=2009&amp;ey=2012&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=746&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Uganda |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=18 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,414&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $21.002 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2012
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $589&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| Gini_year = 2009
| Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini = 44.3 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_ref =&lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = 2012
| HDI_change = steady &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI = 0.456 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_ref =&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2013/|title=The 2013 Human Development Report – &quot;The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World&quot;|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=144–147|accessdate=28 November 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=26 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226013923/http://hdr.undp.org/en/2013-report|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 161st
| FSI = {{nowrap|96.4 {{decrease}} 0.1}}
| FSI_year = 2007
| FSI_rank = 15th
| FSI_category = &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;Alert&lt;/span&gt;
| [[List of countries by economic complexity|ECI]] = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} -0.488}}
| [[List of countries by economic complexity|ECI_year]] = 2008
| [[List of countries by economic complexity|ECI_rank]] = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 24&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Alexander Simoes |url=http://atlas.media.mit.edu/book/ |title=The Observatory of Economic Complexity :: Atlas Book |publisher=Atlas.media.mit.edu|accessdate=27 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| sovereignty_type = 
| established_event1 = 
| established_date1 = 
| established_event2 =
| established_date2 = 
| currency = [[Ugandan shilling]]
| currency_code = UGX
| time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]]
| utc_offset = +3
| time_zone_DST = not observed
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| drives_on = left
| calling_code = [[+256]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
| cctld = [[.ug]]
| footnote_a = 
}}
[[w:SW:Uganda]]
'''Yugaandha''' ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Yugaandha''', Waa waddan [[Dhex kujir]] ah oo ku yaalla [[Bari|bariga]] [[Afrika]]. Yugaandha waxay daris la tahay wadamada [[Kiinya]],[[Suudaan]],[[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]],[[Ruwanda]],[[Tansaaniya]] iyo [[warta Fiktoriya]]. Magaca Yugaandha waxoo ka yimid boqorkii la dhihi jiray (Bugaandha) oo ka tali jiray waddanka koonfurtiisa u danbaysa.

[[File:Badge of the Uganda Protectorate.svg|thumb|400px|alanka uganda]]
== Taariikh ==

Taariikh ahaan, dadka Ugaandhiiska waxa ay ahaayeen dad waranleey ah; koonfurta yugaandha waxaa deggenaan jiray dadka ku hadlo afka jareerta oo beeraleey ah; yugaandha waxaa ku badan ajaanibta. Waddanka waxaa ka soo tali jiray boqorkii la dhihi jiray (Bugandha).

[[File:KampalaSkyline.jpg|thumb|630px|right|Vista de la vila de Kampala.]]
== waqtigii gumeesiga ==
intii ee gumeestiyaashii yurubiyaanka ee gumeesanin, wadanka waxaa joogi jiray carab oo ganacsato ah, sanadka marka oo ahaa 1830meeyadii. Wadanka markaas waxaa ka talin jiray 3 boqor, oo lakala dhaho, (Bugandha), (Kitara) iyo (karagwa). Carabta waxoo kanacsigooda ahaa, Adoonyaasha. Meelo badan neh diinta islamka ee ku faafiyeen. Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1860meeyadii wadanka waxaa soo galay gumeesti yaashii ingriiska.
Gumeestihii ingriiska waxoo qabsaday Kenya iyo Ugandha, waxaana la isku dhihi jiray (ingriiska bariga afrika).waxaana la kala qeebiyay sanadka marka oo ahaa 1902.
==Xubin==
* [[IGAD]]*;*’
* [[Midowga Afrika]]*;*’

* [[Qaramada Midoobay]]*;*’

==Waddnamaha La deggan UGANDA==
* {{Flag|Kenya}} 40;000+
* {{Flag|South Sudan}} 7;000+:
* {{Flag|Somalia}} 41;000+

== Sheeg yaabaha ay aaminsasanyihiin dadka reer yugandha ==

sanadka marka oo ahaa 1950meeyadii, wadanka waxaa laga dhisay dimoqaraadi, waxaana la sameeyay Xisbiyaal iyo kongris. 1962 raiisul wasaaihii ugu horeeyay ee yugandha waxoo noqday [[Apollo Milton Obote]], waa markii ee Ugandha xornimada heshay. 1972 waxaa dhacday doorasho kadhaxeeso Obote iyo [[Yoweri Museveni]], doorashadaas neh waxaa ku guuleestay obote, isla markaas neh dood aa dhacday, Musveni waxoo ka dacwooday in ee doorashadaas xaqdarro ee eheed. Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1986dii waxaa madaxtinimada ku guuleestay Musveni oo ilaa hadda oo madaxweyne yahay.

== Dagaalkii wadamada darika ==
1998ii waxaa dhacday in ee [[Ruwanda]] iyo Yugandha ee ku tashteen wadanka Kongo, si ee u ridaan madaxweynaha [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo ee Dimoqraadiga|Kongo]] [[Laurent Kabila]]. Musveni iyo wafdi oo militari ah waxee ku tashteen in ee ciidanka UPDF u diraan kongo ayaga iyo ciidamada [[Ruwanda]] oo iskaashanaayo. Micneheeda neh waxoo ahaa in ee joojiyaan, xasuuqa loo geesanaayay dadka [[Banyamulen]]ka ah oo ku nool wadanka kongo. Siyaasiinya Ugandha maku fikirin in ee xirtaan xuduudkooda, askarta Ugandheeska marka ee 1000km u galeen wadanka Kongo si ee u caawiyaan maleeshiyada (MLC) (Mouvement de Libération du Congo), waxaa ugandha soo galay ciidanka (ADF) (The Allied Democratic Forces) oo ka yimaaday wadanka Kongo, isla markaas neh waxee dab ku fureen magaalo yaal waaween sida magaalada [[Fort Portal]] waxeena qabsadeen, xabis ku yaalay galbeedka Ugandha. Ciidamada Ugandha iyo Ruwanda waxee bilaabeen in ee gurtaan oo dhameeyaan wax yaabaha ee dadka kongo ee ku noolyihiin iyo beerahooda.
maraykanka marka oo arintaas maqlay, waxoo Ugandha ka gooyay,ceerti oo militariga Ugandha sii jiray. Madaxweynaha maraykanka [[Bill Clinton]] aa ka xumaaday, dhaqaaqa ee ciidanka Ugandha sameeyeen, asiga oo la rabay in oo kadhigo ciidanka ugu xoogan oo dhibaatooyinka afrika xalin karaan.Madaxda Ugandha waxaa mar looga dooday in ee ayaga ka danbeeyay dagaalkii [[ituri]], Xasuuq badan neh ee u geesteen dad badan oo ku noolaa deegaanada u dhow meesha biyo degaanka ah. Sanadka marka oo ahaa 2005tii, waxaa [[maxkamada Caalamiga]] go aansatay in ee Ugandha lacag siiso Jamhuuriyadda Kongo, kadib markii ee dadka kongo ee arkagaxis ku rideen. 2007 ciidamada Ugaandheeska waxaa la soo galiyay wadanka [[Soomaaliya]], si ee u caawiyaan DFKMG, ayaga oo wato magaca midowga afrikaanka ee [[Amisom]]. Ciidamada Ugaandheeska waxee xasuuq ku haayaan dadka Soomaalida oo rayidka ah, ayaga oo madaafiic ku rido meelaha ee dadka rayidka ku badanyihiin ama dabaqyo inta ee koraan ee dadka madaxa ka toogtaan ayaga oo ku marmarsiyoonayaan, maleeshiyada ka soo horjeedo. ciidamada amisom waxee gaarayaan in ka badan 7000, waxeena muqdisho ka joogaan meel aad u yar, dhinaca madaxtooyada.

== Siyaasiinta ==
[[Madaxweyne|Madaxweyaha]] wadanka waa [[Yoweri Museveni]] oo madaxweyne ahaa ilaa sanadka maka oo ahaa 1986dii. madaxweynaha wadanka waa hoogaamiyaha madaxda Yugandha, madaxweynaha waxoo doortaa Raisul wasaare oo ku caawiyo shaqada oo qabanaayo. [[Barlamaan]]kooda waxoo ka koobanyahay 300 oo Xildhibaan, 81 ayaga ka mid ah neh, waxee ka imaadeen meelaha ugu faqiirsan wadanka. Halkii xildhibaan waxaa la doortaa 5tii sano mar.

== Xuquuqda Aadanaha ==
sanado badan ayaa waqooyiga yugandha ka socon jiray dagaalo oo xasuuq dadka u geesanaayeen, maleeshiyada [[Lord's Resistance]] iyo ciidamada Yugandha. Dadka neh ilaa hadda waxaa ku jirto baqdin. wadanka waxaa ka jiro xornimo ee dadka heesanin, oo dadka qaar la xiraayo ama la afduubanaayo, isla markaas neh si xun loola dhaqmaayo, mararka qaar neh caalamka oo gaaraa. 2005tii, wadanka ingriiska waxoo Yugandha ka gooyay, Ceertii oo sii jiray. Mardhow ee eheed markii oo ururka (grassroot) oo isku dayay in ee caalamka ogeysiiyaan caruurta ee maleeshiyada Lord afduubtaan, isla markaas neh ee ku qasbaan in ee askar noqdaan.Badanaa ciyaalka la afduubto kama badno 8jir, Ciyaalka wiilasha ah waxaa lagu qasbaa in ee qof dilaan, ciyaalka gabdhaha ah neh, waxaa lagu qasbaa in ee guursadaan maleeshiyada ciidankooda. 2005tii waxaa [[Maxkamada Caalamiga]] ku dhawaaqday in la xiro madaxda maleeshiyada Lord, oo lagu eedeeyay in ka danbeeyaan, dilka bini aadanka ka baxsan, xasuuqa, xooga iyo ciyaalka askarta laga dhigaayo.
== Tafaasiil Kooban ==
Dalka jamhuuriyada Uganda. Dalka Uganda waxa uu ku yalaa dhinca bari ee qaarada Afrika waxana kamid ah dalalka uu xadka la wadaago dalalka Tanzania, Rwanda, South Sudan iyo dalka jamhuuriyada Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo. Waxa sidoo kale dhinaca galbeed kaga taala dalka harada qaarada Afrika ugu caansan uguna wayn ee Victoria. Harada Victoria waxa ay kala soorta dalalka Kenya Tanzania iyo jamhuuriyada Uganda. Caasimada dalka waxa la yidhaa Kampala. Bedka: Bedka dalku ku fadhiyana waxa lagu qiyaasaa 91,135.55, oo mayl laba jibaaran) una dhiganta 236,040.00, oo (kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran) sidoo kale baaxada dalka Uganda waxa lagu qiyaasaa in uu ku dhowyahay gobolka (Oregon) ee dalka Maraykanka.
== Dadka ==
Dadka ku dhaqan dalka Uganda tirakoobkii la qaaday sanadkii 2010-kii waxa tirada dadka reer Uganda ay kor u dhaysay 33-milyan oo ruux. Sidoo kale saadasha dadka reer Uganda ee sanadka 2050-ka waxa lasheegay in ay gaadhi doonto 84-milyan oo ruux.
== Afka ==
Luuqadaha lagaga hadlo dalka waxa kamid ah luugada Ingiriisiga ah luuqada 1aad ee ay ku hadlaan dadka reer Uganda, taas oo badanaa loo adeegsado waxbarashada iyo warbaahinta sida jaraa’idada. Luuqadaha kale ee ay ku hadlaan muwaadiniinta reer Uganda waxa kamid ah Luuqadaha Niger-Congo,
Nilo-Saharan, Swahiliga iyo Carabiga.
== Aqoonta ==
Dadka aqoonta leh ee dalka Uganda waxa lagu qiyaasaa boqolkiiba 61.8% kamid ah cabirka guud ee dadka reer Uganda.
== Diinta ==
Diimaha ay kala aaminsanyihiin dadka ku dhaqan dalka Uganda waxa kamid ah diinta kiristanka gaar ahaan mad-habta Roman Catholig oo ay haystaan boqolkiiba 33%, halka Protestanka ay ka haytaan dad gaadhaya boqolkiiba 33%, diinta Islaamka oo ah diinta sadexaad ee dadka ugu badani ay haystaan ayaa tirada dadka Muslimka ah waxa lagu qadaraa boqolkiiba 16%, diimaha dhaqanka la xidhiidha ee ay haystaan dadka Ugandhiiskii waxa lagu qiyaasaa tirada dadka haysta boqolkiiba 18%.
== Cimriga ==
Da’da ragga reer Uganda waxa lagu qiyaa in ay gaadho da’doodu
43-sano, dumarkuna wax ay jiraan 44-sano.
== Dawlada ==
Qaabka ay u shaqayso Dawladda dalka Uganda waa nidaamka caanka ah ee jamhuuriga (Government Type republic).
== Lacagta ==
Lacagta laga qaato dalka waxa la yidhaa Ugandan shilling oo loo soo gaabiyo (USh).
Warshadaha: Warshadaha dalka ka jira waxa ay farsameeyaan Sonkorta, Tubaakada, Cudbiga, Dunta, Sibidhka, iyo alaab kale oo faro badan.
== Beeraha ==
Beeraha dlaka jamhuuriyada Uganda waxa ka baxa ama laga beera dalagyo ay kamid yihiin Coffeega, Cudbiga, Shaaha, Cassavanaha, Baradhada iyo Galayda.
== Xoolaha ==
Dadka reer Uganda waxa ay dhaqdaan xoolo ay kamid yihiin Riyaha iyo Lo’da, oo badanaa loo isticmaalo ama loo dhaqdo hilib ahaan. Waxa kale oo jira qaybo dadka reer Uganda kamid ah oo dhaqda Khinsiirka iyo Digaaga. Dhulka la isticmaalo ee dalka Uganda waxa lagu qiyaasaa boqolkiiba 25% kamid ah cabirka guud ee dalka. Dalka Uganda oo kamid ah wadama uu maro dhulbadhuhu ayaa ku caan ah dhul qurxoon oo soo jiita indhaha dadka dalxiisayaasha ah maadaama oo dalka harahu ku badanyihiin.
== Khayraadka ==
Kharyaadka dabiiciga ah ee dalka Uganda waxa kamida ah macdanaha Koborta, Cusbada, Cobalt, iyo awooda biyaha lagaga dhaliyo korontada ee (hydropower).
== Tixraacyada ==
* [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/2010-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Uganda/ Uganda]

{{commonscat|Uganda|Ugaandha}}
&lt;references/&gt;
 
{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
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      <text bytes="17683" sha1="ad9h6aq6i4rhbijdfmogxld9r0tqwuw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Mozambique
| common_name            = Mozambique
| native_name            = {{native name|pt|República de Moçambique}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Mozambique.svg
| image_coat             = Emblem of Mozambique.svg
| symbol_type            = Astaan
| national_motto         = 
| national_anthem        = {{native name|pt|[[Pátria Amada]]|nolink=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Dhul hooyo oo la Jeclaysan yahay&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;{{center|[[File:Mozambican national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]}}&lt;/div&gt;
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File:Mozambique (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Muuji golaha|default=1}}
| map_caption            = 
| capital                = [[Maputo]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|25|57|S|32|35|E|type:city_region:MZ}}
| largest_city           = caasimadda
| official_languages     = [[Portuguese language|Bortuqiis]]
| regional_languages     = [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]], [[Makhuwa language|Makhuwa]], [[Sena language|Sena]], [[Lomwe language|Lomwe]],  [[Swahili language|Sawaaxili]]
| languages_type         = 
| languages              = 
| languages2_type        = u dhashay deegaanka
| ethnic_groups          = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
  |99.0% [[Demographics of Mozambique|Afrikaan]]{{efn|Waxaa ku jira [[Makua people|Makhuwa]], [[Tsonga people|Tsonga]], [[Lomwe people|Lomwe]], [[Sena people|Sena]], iyo kooxaha kale ee qowmiyaddaha Afrikaanka ah.}}
  |0.8% [[Mestiço]] 
  |0.1% [[Portuguese Mozambicans|Caddaan]] 
  |0.1% kuwa kale{{efn|Waxaa ku jira kuwa ka soo jeeda Aasiya}}}}
| ethnic_groups_ref      = &lt;ref name=Census2017&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ine.gov.mz/iv-rgph-2017/mocambique/censo-2017-brochura-dos-resultados-definitivos-do-iv-rgph-nacional.pdf/at_download/file|title=Censo 2017 Brochura dos Resultados Definitivos do IV RGPH – Nacional|access-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515170335/http://www.ine.gov.mz/iv-rgph-2017/mocambique/censo-2017-brochura-dos-resultados-definitivos-do-iv-rgph-nacional.pdf/at_download/file|archive-date=15 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2017
| demonym                = Reer Mozambique
| government_type        = Jamhuuriyad badh-madaxtooyo oo midaysan oo xisbi-gabaray leh&lt;ref name=&quot;SpL&quot;&gt;{{cite SSRN|last1=Neto|first1=Octávio Amorim|last2=Lobo|first2=Marina Costa|year=2010|ssrn=1644026|title=Between Constitutional Diffusion and Local Politics: Semi-Presidentialism in Portuguese-Speaking Countries}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Shugart|first=Matthew Søberg|author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart|date=September 2005|title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns|url=http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf|journal=Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies|location=United States|publisher=University of California San Diego|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf|archive-date=19 August 2008|access-date=20 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Shugart|first=Matthew Søberg|author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart|date=December 2005|title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns|journal=French Politics|volume=3|issue=3|pages=323–351|doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087|s2cid=73642272|quote=Of the contemporary cases, only four provide the assembly majority an unrestricted right to vote no confidence, and of these, only two allow the president unrestricted authority to appoint the prime minister. These two, Mozambique and Namibia, as well as the Weimar Republic, thus resemble most closely the structure of authority depicted in the right panel of Figure 3, whereby the dual accountability of the cabinet to both the president and the assembly is maximized.|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo hoos timaada dawlad [[Authoritarianism|kelitalis]] ah&lt;ref name=&quot;Nhamirre&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Nhamirre|first=Borges Joaquim Faduco|date=August 2025|title=Rigging by the state apparatus: systemic electoral fraud in Mozambique jeopardizes the credibility of democracy and creates room for political violence|journal=Frontiers in Political Science|volume=7 |article-number=1479440 |location=Switzerland|publisher=Frontiers|doi=10.3389/fpos.2025.1479440 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Hanlon|first=Joseph|date=2024|title=25 years of electoral fraud, protected by secrecy|url=https://www.cipmoz.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/25-years-of-electoral-fraud.pdf|journal=Centro de Integridade Pública (Center for Public Integrity)|location=Mozambique|publisher=Integridade Pública (Center for Public Integrity)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1          = [[List of Presidents of Mozambique|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1           = [[Daniel Chapo]]
| leader_title2          = [[List of Prime Ministers of Mozambique|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]
| leader_name2           = [[Maria Benvinda Levy]]
| leader_title3          = {{nowrap|[[Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)|Guddoomiyaha Aqalka]]}}
| legislature            = {{nowrap|[[Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)|Aqalka Jamhuuriyadda]]}}
| sovereignty_type       = [[Independence|Madaxbannaanida]]
| sovereignty_note       = ka qaadatay [[National Salvation Junta|Bortuqaal]]
| established_event1     = [[Portuguese Mozambique|Mozambique-tii Bortuqiiska]]
| established_date1      = 1505–1975
| established_event2     = [[Mozambican War of Independence|Dagaalkii Madaxbannaanida Mozambique]]
| established_date2      = 25 September 1964 – 8 September 1974
| established_event3     = [[Lusaka Accord|La siiyay madaxbannaanida]]
| established_date3      = 25 June 1975
| established_event4     = [[People's Republic of Mozambique|Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga ah ee Mozambique]]
| established_date4      = 25 June 1975 - 30 November 1990
| established_event5     = [[Mozambican Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye]]
| established_date5      = 1977–1992
| established_event6     = [[Constitution of Mozambique|Constitution-ka hadda jira]]
| established_date6      = 21 December 2004
| area_km2               = 801,590
| area_rank              = 35aad
| area_sq_mi             = 309,496 
| percent_water          = 2.2
| population_estimate    = 34,881,007&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/mozambique-population/|title=Mozambique Population (2024) - Worldometer|access-date=30 September 2024|archive-date=27 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127053022/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/mozambique-population/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| population_estimate_rank = 45aad
| population_density_km2 = 43.5
| population_density_sq_mi = 113 
| population_density_rank = 176aad
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $61.950 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.MZ&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/MOZ|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Mozambique)|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|website=IMF.org|date=10 October 2023|access-date=16 October 2023|archive-date=2 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102125922/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=688,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2028&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 126aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $1,730&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.MZ&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 182aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $23.770 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.MZ&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 120aad
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $663&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.MZ&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 183rd
| Gini                   = 49.6 
| Gini_year              = 2022
| Gini_change            = hoos u dhac 
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/|title=Gini Index|publisher=World Bank|access-date=20 June 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208203439/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.493 
| HDI_year               = 2023
| HDI_change             = kor u kac
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 March 2024|title=Human Development Report 2023/2024|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|archive-date=13 March 2024|access-date=13 March 2024|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 183aad
| currency               = [[Mozambican metical|Metical]]
| currency_code          = MZN
| time_zone              = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]
| utc_offset             = +2
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| time_zone_DST          = 
| calling_code           = [[+258]]
| cctld                  = [[.mz]]
| official_website       = {{URL|portaldogoverno.gov.mz}}
| footnotes              = 
| religion               = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
  |{{Tree list}}
* 62.0% [[Christianity|Masiixiyad]]
** 27.3% [[Catholic Church in Mozambique|Kaatoolig]]
** 16.7% [[Evangelicalism|Injiili]]
** 16.3% [[Zionist churches|Masiixiyada Sahyuuniyada]]
** 1.7% [[Anglicanism|Anglikan]]
{{Tree list/end}}
  |19.1% [[Islam in Mozambique|Islaam]]
  |13.5% [[Irreligion|diin laawayaal]]
  |4.3% diimaha kale{{efn|Waxaa ku jira [[Traditional African religion|Diimaha hiddaha ah ee Afrika]], Yuhuudda, [[Hinduism|Hindooga]], iyo [[Baháʼí Faith|Bahaaci]].}}
  |1.2% aan la garanayn
  }}
| religion_year          = 2017
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.gov.mz/web/guest/d/indicadores-socio-demograficos-mocambique-20062022|title=Indicadores sócio-demográficos Moçambique|website=Instituto Nacional de Estatistica|access-date=19 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| today                  = 
}}

'''Musanbiig''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|oʊ|z|æ|m|ˈ|b|iː|k|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav}}; {{langx|pt|Moçambique}}, {{IPA|pt|musɐ̃ˈbikɨ|pron}}; {{langx|ny|Mozambiki}}; {{langx|ts|Muzambhiki}};
{{langx|sw|Msumbiji}}}} si rasmiga ahna loo yidhaahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Musanbiig''',{{efn|{{lang|pt|República de Moçambique}}, {{IPA|pt|ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ ðɨ musɐ̃ˈbikɨ|pron}}}} waa dal ku yaal [[Southeast Africa|Koonfur-bari Afrika]] kaasoo ay bari ka xigto Badweynta Hindiya, waqooyina [[Tanzania]], waqooyi-galbeedna [[Malawi]] iyo [[Zambia]], galbeedna [[Zimbabwe]], iyo [[Eswatini]] iyo [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] dhanka koonfur iyo koonfur-galbeed. [[Sovereign state|Dawladda madaxabannaan]] waxaa laga sifeeyay [[Comoros]], [[Mayotte]], iyo [[Madagascar]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Mozambique Channel|Marinka Mozambique]] ee dhanka bari. Caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa [[Maputo]].

Xilliyadii u dhexeeyay qarniyadii 7aad iyo 11aad, taxane magaalooyin xeebeed Sawaaxili ah ayaa ka dhashay aaggan, kuwaas oo gacan ka geystay horumarinta [[Swahili culture|dhaqan Sawaaxili]] oo kala duwan iyo lahjad u gaar ah. Dabayaaqadii xilligii dhexe, magaalooyinkan waxaa inta badan u soo dhowaan jiray ganacsato ka timid Soomaaliya, Itoobiya, [[Egypt|Masar]], Carabta, Faaris, iyo [[India|Hindiya]].&lt;ref&gt;Newitt, M.D.D. &quot;A Short History of Mozambique.&quot; Oxford University Press, 2017&lt;/ref&gt; Socdaalkii [[Vasco da Gama]] ee 1498 wuxuu calaamadiyay imaatinka [[Portuguese Empire|Boqortooyada Bortuqiiska]], kuwaas oo bilaabay geeddi-socod tartiib-tartiib ah oo gumeysi iyo deegaanayn ah sannadkii 1505. Ka dib in ka badan afar qarni oo ay jirtay [[Portuguese Mozambique|maamulkii Bortuqiiska ee Mozambique]], Mozambique waxay [[Mozambican War of Independence|heshay madaxbannaani]] sannadkii 1975, iyadoo noqotay [[People's Republic of Mozambique|Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga ah ee Mozambique]] waxyar ka dib. Ka dib laba sanno oo kaliya oo madaxbannaani ah, dalku wuxuu u dhacay dagaal sokeeye oo xooggan oo daba-dheeraaday [[Mozambican Civil War|kaas oo socday 1977 ilaa 1992]]. Sannadkii 1994, Mozambique waxay qabatay doorashadii ugu horreysay ee xisbiyada badan, tan iyo markaasna waxay ahayd [[Presidential system|jamhuuriyad madaxtooyo]] oo xasilloon, in kasta oo ay weli wajahayso [[Insurgency in Cabo Delgado|gabhanno hubeysan oo heer hoose ah]] gaar ahaan gobollada ugu fog caasimadda koonfureed iyo meelaha uu Islaamku ku xooggan yahay.

Mozambique waxay ku haysataa kheyraad dabiici ah oo qani ah oo aad u ballaaran. Dhaqaalaha dalku wuxuu inta badan ku tiirsan yahay kalluumeysiga—inta badanna [[Mollusca|argoosatada]], [[crustacean|unonada]] iyo [[echinoderm|waxyabaha badda]]—iyo beeraha iyada oo ay jirto wershado sii kordhaya oo cuntada iyo cabitaanka, wax-soo-saarka kiimikada, aluminiumka iyo saliidda ah. Qaybta dalxiiska ayaa sii fidaysa. GDP-ga Mozambique wuxuu si weyn u koray wixii ka dambeeyay 2001, laakiin tan iyo 2014/15, waxaa la arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid isticmaalka dhabta ah ee qoysaska iyo kor u kac weyn oo ku yimid [[economic inequality|sinnaan la'aanta dhaqaalaha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|publisher=United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research|title=The evolution of inequality in Mozambique|url=http://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/evolution-inequality-mozambique|access-date=31 March 2024|series=WIDER Working Paper|date=2022|language=en|doi=10.35188/unu-wider/2022/284-3|last1=Barletta|first1=Giulia|last2=Ibraimo|first2=Maimuna|last3=Salvucci|first3=Vincenzo|last4=Sarmento|first4=Enilde Francisco|last5=Tarp|first5=Finn|hdl=10419/273939|place=Helsinki|isbn=978-92-9267-284-3|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331195447/https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/evolution-inequality-mozambique|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaranku wuxuu weli dhex fadhiyaa mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu saboolsan uguna [[Least developed countries|horumarka hooseeya]] adduunka,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ifad.org/operations/projects/regions/Pf/factsheets/mozambique_e.pdf Investing in rural people in Mozambique] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ifad.org/operations/projects/regions/Pf/factsheets/mozambique_e.pdf |date=20150427212809 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427212809/http://ifad.org/operations/projects/regions/Pf/factsheets/mozambique_e.pdf |date=27 April 2015 }}. ifad.org&lt;/ref&gt; isagoo darajo hoose kaga jira [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP-ga qofkiiba]], [[List of countries by Human Development Index|horumarka aadanaha]], cabirrada [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index|sinnaan la'aanta]] iyo celceliska [[life expectancy|rajada nolosha]].&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;

Dadka Mozambique oo qiyaastii ah 34,777,605 marka loo eego qiyaasaha 2024 (kor u kac 2.96% ah marka loo eego 2023) waxay ka kooban yihiin wax ka badan 2,000 oo kooxood oo qowmiyadeed waxaana si awood leh u aqlabiyad ah [[Bantu peoples|dadka Bantu-ga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, luqadda rasmiga ah ee kaliya ee dalka waa [[Portuguese language|Bortuqiis]], taas oo looga hadlo meelaha magaalooyinka ah sida luqadda koowaad ama labaad inta badan, guud ahaan ahaanna ah [[lingua franca]] u dhaxeysa dhalinyarada reer Mozambique ee helay waxbarashada rasmiga ah. Luqadaha maxaliga ah ee ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]], [[Makhuwa language|Makhuwa]], [[Sena language|Sena]], [[Chewa language|Chichewa]], iyo [[Swahili language|Sawaaxili]]. [[Glottolog]] wuxuu taxay 46 luqadood oo looga hadlo dalka,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Glottolog 4.7 – Languages of Mozambique|url=https://glottolog.org/glottolog/language.map.html?country=MZ#5/-18.895/35.230|access-date=10 January 2023|website=glottolog.org|archive-date=10 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110141558/https://glottolog.org/glottolog/language.map.html?country=MZ#5/-18.895/35.230|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuwaas oo mid ka mid ah ay tahay luqadda dhegoolaha (Luqadda Dhegoolaha ee Mozambique/''Língua de sinais de Moçambique''). [[Religion in Mozambique|Diinta ugu caansan]] Mozambique waa Masiixiyadda, iyadoo ay jiraan tiro laga tiro badan yahay oo raacsan Islaamka iyo [[Traditional African religions|diimaha hiddaha ah ee Afrika]].

==Asalka magaca==
Dalka waxaa loogu magac daray Moçambique Bortuqiisku ka dib [[Island of Mozambique|Jasiiradda Mozambique]], taas oo laga soo qaatay midkood [[Mussa Bin Bique]], ''Musa Al Big,'' ''Mossa Al Bique'', ''Mussa Ben Mbiki'' ama ''Mussa Ibn Malik'', oo ahaa ganacsade Carbeed oo markii ugu horreysay booqday jasiiradda ka dibna degay halkaas&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100630040028/http://www.ilhademo.net/history.html History]. ilhademo.net&lt;/ref&gt; isagoo weli noolaa markii [[Vasco da Gama]] uu soo caga dhigtay jasiiradda sannadkii 1498.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=M. D. D. Newitt|title=The Early History of the Sultanate of Angoche|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1972_13_3/page/398|journal=The Journal of African History|date=1972|volume=13|issue=3|page=398|doi=10.1017/S0021853700011713|publisher=Cambridge University Press|jstor=180586}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jasiiradda-magaalada waxay ahayd caasimadda gumeysiga Bortuqiiska ilaa 1898, markaas oo loo raray koonfurta xagga Lourenço Marques (hadda ah [[Maputo]]).
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Libiya</title>
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      <text bytes="26450" sha1="9iwzkb5atvxrxbtgftgsop3xjfov827" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Dawladda Liibiya{{ref label|unnote|a|}}
| common_name            = Liibiya
| native_name            = {{Unbulleted list|{{native name|ar|دولة ليبيا|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{resize|80%|{{transliteration|ar| Dawlat Lībiyā}}}}}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Libya.svg
| image_coat = File:Seal of the Government of National Unity (Libya).svg
| national_anthem        = {{lang|ar|ليبيا، ليبيا، ليبيا}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Liibiya, Liibiya, Liibiya&quot;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.5em;&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File:Libya, Libya, Libya instrumental.ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;
| map_width              = 220px
| map_caption            = {{Legend|#336830|Goobta Liibiya}}
| image_map2             = {{switcher|[[File:Libya (centered orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Muuji golaha|[[File:Libya - Location Map (2013) - LBY - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Muuji khariidadda Liibiya}}
| map2_width             = 250px
| capital                = Tripoli&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Libya|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/|encyclopedia=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=19 August 2024|date=7 August 2024|archive-date=18 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818105759/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/|url-status=dead}} {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |date=20210109235257 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;br /&gt; {{Coord|32|52|N|13|11|E|type:city}}
| largest_city           = caasimadda
| official_languages     = Carabi{{ref label|arabicnote|b|}}
| languages_type         = Af-goobka deegaanka
| languages              = Carabiga Liibiya
| languages2_type        = Luqadaha qalaad
| languages2             = Talyaani iyo Ingiriis
| ethnic_groups          = {{Tree list}}
* 92% Carabi
* 5% Berber
* 3% kuwa kale
{{Tree list/end}}
| ethnic_groups_ref      = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Yakan |first=Mohamad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_hADwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT62 |title=Almanac of African Peoples and Nations |date=2017-11-30 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-28930-6 |pages=62 |language=en |access-date=6 April 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501042016/https://books.google.com/books?id=e_hADwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT62 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year     = 1999
| religion               = {{Tree list}}
* 96.6% Islaam (Rasmi)
* 2.7% Masiixiyad
*&lt;1% Budhist
*&lt;1% Hindu
*&lt;1% Yuhuudi
*&lt;1% Diinta hiddaha ah
*&lt;1% Kuwa kale
*&lt;1% Aan cidna ku xidhnayn
{{Tree list/end}}
| religion_year          = 2020
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt;
| demonym                = Reer Liibiya
| government_type        = Jamhuuriyad midaysan oo hoos timaada dawlad kumeelgaar ah (GNU)
| leader_title1          = Guddoomiyaha Golaha Madaxtooyada
| leader_name1           = Mohamed al-Menfi
| leader_title2          = Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka Golaha Madaxtooyada
| leader_name2           = Musa Al-Koni
| leader_title3          = Ra'iisul Wasaare
| leader_name3           = Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh{{efn|Waxaa ku muransan Osama Hammad, oo ah madaxa Dawladda Xasiloonida Qaranka, taas oo loo aqoonsan yahay Golaha Wakiilada inay tahay simaha Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Liibiya}}
| leader_title4          = Guddoomiyaha Golaha Wakiilada
| leader_name4           = Aguila Saleh Issa
| legislature            = Golaha Sare ee Dawladda&lt;br&gt;Golaha Wakiilada
| sovereignty_type       = 
| established_event1     = Tripoli-da Cusmaaniyiinta
| established_date1      = 1551
| established_event2     = Duulaankii Talyaaniga ee Liibiya
| established_date2      = 1911
| established_event3     = Dhaqdhaqaaqa iska caabinta Liibiya
| established_date3      = 1911–1951
| established_event4     = Jamhuuriyaddii Tripoli
| established_date4      = 16 November 1918
| established_event5     = Boqortooyada Liibiya
| established_date5      = 24 December 1951
| established_event6     = Afgembigii Muammar Gaddafi
| established_date6      = 1 September 1969
| established_event7     = Jamahiiriyada Carabta Liibiya ee Shacabka Hantiwadaaga ah ee Weyn
| established_date7      = 2 March 1977
| established_event8     = Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Sokeeye ee Liibiya
| established_date8      = 17 February 2011
| established_event9     = Soo dhexgaliddii NATO ee Liibiya
| established_date9      = 19 March 2011
| established_event10    = Dhammaadkii Dagaalkii Labaad ee Sokeeye ee Liibiya
| established_date10     = 23 October 2020
| area_km2               = 1,759,541
| area_rank              = 16aad
| area_sq_mi             = 679,359
| percent_water          = 
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 7,361,263&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| population_estimate_rank = 103ad
| population_density_km2 = 4.2
| population_density_sq_mi = 10.836
| population_density_rank = 
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $123.990 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 96aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $17,760&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 101ad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $47.480 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 95aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $6,800&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 102ad
| Gini                   = 
| Gini_year              = 
| Gini_change            = 
| Gini_ref               = 
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.721
| HDI_year               = 2023
| HDI_change             = hoos u dhac
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 115ad
| currency               = Diinaarka Liibiya
| currency_code          = LYD
| time_zone              = Wakhtiga Bariga Yurub
| utc_offset             = +2
| calling_code           = +218
| cctld                  = [[.ly]]&lt;br /&gt;ليبيا.
| footnote_a             = {{note|unnote}} Fariinta Qaramada Midoobay ee ku saabsan magaca rasmiga ah: &quot;Ka dib markii loo qaatay go'aanka Golaha Guud ee tirsigiisu yahay 66/1, Ergada Joogtada ah ee Liibiya u fadhida Qaramada Midoobay waxay si rasmi ah ugu wargelisay Qaramada Midoobay Baaq ka soo baxay Golaha Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Qaranka ee 3dii Ogosto kaas oo bedelay magaca rasmiga ah ee Jamahiiriyada Carabta Liibiya loona bedelay 'Liibiya' laguna bedelay calanka qaranka ee Liibiya.&quot;
| footnote_b             = {{note|arabicnote}} Luqadda rasmiga ah waxaa si fudud loogu aqoonsaday &quot;Carabi&quot; (Baaqa Dastuuriga ah ee ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Liibiya, qodobka 1).
| footnote_c             = {{note|indepnote}} Boqortooyada Midowday iyo Faransiiska waxay wadajir u haysteen maamul guud oo dulsaar ku ahaa Liibiya iyada oo loo marayo Golaha Kalsoonida ee Qaramada Midoobay.
}}

'''Liibiya''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Libya.ogg|ˈ|l|ɪ|b|i|ə}} {{respell|LIB|ee|ə}}; {{langx|ar|ليبيا|Lībiyā|engvar=gb}}, {{IPA|ar|liː.bi.jaː|pron}}, &lt;small&gt;Carabiga Liibiya:&lt;/small&gt; {{IPA|[ˈliːb.jæ]|}}. Dhammaan lahjadaha lagaga hadlo Carabiga waxay leeyihiin laba dhawaaq oo kaliya waxaana caadiyan loo dhawaaqaa sidaas.}} si rasmi ahna loogu yeero '''Dawladda Liibiya''',{{efn|{{langx|ar|دولة ليبيا|Dawlat Lībiyā|engvar=gb}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/en/member-states/index.html#gotoL |title=Member States |publisher=United Nations |access-date=13 February 2021 |quote=On 22 December 2017, the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations formally notified the United Nations that the government is changing the official name of Libya to 'State of Libya.' |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629041240/https://www.un.org/en/member-states/index.html#gotoL |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm |title=Publications Office – Interinstitutional style guide – Annex A5 – List of countries, territories and currencies |publisher=Europa (web portal) |access-date=1 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805170859/http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm |archive-date=5 August 2013  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt;}} waa dal ku yaal gobolka Maghreb ee Waqooyiga Afrika. Waxay waqooyiga xuduud la leedahay Badda Mediterranean-ka, bariga Masar, koonfur-bari Suudaan, koonfurta Jaad, koonfur-galbeed Nayjer, galbeedka Aljeeriya, iyo waqooyi-galbeed Tuunis. Iyadoo leh baaxad dhul oo ku dhow 700,000 oo mayl laba jibaaran, Liibiya waa dalka afraad ee ugu weyn Afrika iyo Caalamka Carabta, waana dalka 16aad ee ugu weyn adduunka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2003/Table03.pdf |title=Demographic Yearbook (3) Pop., Rate of Pop. Increase, Surface Area &amp; Density |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |access-date=5 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114040712/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2003/Table03.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalku wuxuu sheeganayaa 32,000 oo kiilomitir oo laba jibaaran oo ah koonfur-bari Aljeeriya, koonfurta magaalada Liibiya ee Ghat.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Libya-Algeria |work=Sovereign Limits |url=https://sovereignlimits.com/boundaries/algeria-libya-land |access-date=1 April 2024 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928171603/https://sovereignlimits.com/boundaries/algeria-libya-land |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Tripoli, oo ku taal waqooyi-galbeed kuna dhowaad in ka badan hal milyan oo ka mid ah toddobada milyan ee dadka ku nool Liibiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indexmundi.com/libya/demographics_profile.html |title=Libya Demographics Profile 2014 |website=Indexmundi.com |date=30 June 2015 |access-date=1 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084546/http://www.indexmundi.com/libya/demographics_profile.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Liibiya waxaa deganaa dadka Berber-ka tan iyo dhammaadkii Aroortii Naxaasta (Bronze Age) iyagoo ka farcamay dhaqamadii Iberomaurusian iyo Capsian. Waqtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, reer Foyniqiya waxay ka aasaaseen magaalo-dawlado iyo xarumo ganacsi galbeedka Liibiya, halka dhowr magaalo oo Giriig ah laga aasaasay Bariga. Qaybo ka mid ah Liibiya waxaa si kala duwan u xukumay reer Carthage-tii hore, reer Numidia, Boqortooyadii Bershiya, iyo Giriigii Ptolemaic ka hor inta aan gobolka oo dhan uu noqon qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Liibiya waxay ahayd xarun hore oo Masiixiyadda ah. Ka dib dhicidda Boqortooyadii Roomaanka ee Galbeedka, aagga Liibiya waxaa inta badan qabsaday Boqortooyadii Vandal ilaa qarnigii 7aad markii duulaanadu ay keeneen Islaamka gobolka. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay, qarniyo ay jireen guuritaanka Carabta ee gobolka Maghreb waxay beddeleen qaabka dadka ee Liibiya iyada oo ay u badatay dhanka Carabta. Qarnigii 16aad, Boqortooyadii Isbayn iyo fardooleyda Knights Hospitaller waxay qabsadeen Tripoli ilaa xukunkii Cusmaaniyiintu uu ka bilaamay 1551. Liibiya waxay ku lug lahayd Dagaaladii Barbary ee qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Xukunkii Cusmaaniyiinta ayaa sii socday ilaa Dagaalkii Talyaaniga iyo Turkiga ee 1911, kaas oo sababay in Talyaanigu uu qabsado Liibiya oo uu ka aasaaso laba gumeysi: Tripolitania-dii Talyaaniga iyo Cyrenaica-dii Talyaaniga, kuwaas oo dambe lagu midoobay gumeysigii Liibiya ee Talyaaniga laga bilaabo 1934 ilaa 1943.&lt;ref&gt;J. Desanges, &quot;The proto-Berbers&quot;, pp. 236–245, especially p. 237, in ''General History of Africa, vol. II: Ancient Civilizations of Africa'' (UNESCO 1990).&lt;/ref&gt;

Intii uu socday Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Liibiya waxay ahayd aag dagaal ee Ololihii Waqooyiga Afrika. Dadkii deganaa ee Talyaaniga ahaa ayaa markaas hoos u dhacay Liibiyana waxay noqotay mid madaxbannaan oo noqotay boqortooyo 1951. Afgambi milatari oo aan dhiig ku daadan 1969, oo uu bilaabay isbahaysi uu hoggaaminayo Kornayl Muammar Gaddafi, ayaa xukunka ka tuuray Boqor Idris I wuxuuna abuuray jamhuuriyad. Gaddafi waxaa badanaa ku sifeeyay dhaleeceeyayaashu inuu yahay keli-taliye, wuxuuna ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasha adduunka ugu muddada dheer ee aan boqor ahayn. Wuxuu xukumayay muddo 42 sano ah ilaa xukunka looga tuuray lagana dilay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 2011, dhexdiisii Kacdoonkii Carabta (Arab Spring), iyadoo awoodda loo wareejiyay Golaha Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Qaranka ka dibna loo wareejiyay Golaha Guud ee Qaranka ee la doortay.

Tan iyo 2011, Liibiya waxay ku jirtay dhibaato siyaasadeed iyo mid bini'aadantinimo, marka la gaadhay 2014, laba maamul oo iska soo horjeeda ayaa sheegtay inay xukumaan Liibiya, taas oo keentay dagaalkii labaad ee sokeeye, iyadoo qaybo ka mid ah Liibiya ay u kala qaybsameen dawlado kala duwan, oo fadhigoodu yahay Tripoli iyo Tobruk, iyo sidoo kale maleeshiyooyin beeleed iyo kuwa Islaami ah oo kala duwan. Labadii dhinac ee ugu waaweynaa ee dagaallamayay waxay saxeexeen xabbad-joojin joogto ah sannadkii 2020, dawlad midnimo qaran ahna waxay la wareegtay awoodda si ay u qorsheyso doorashooyin dimuqraadi ah, inkastoo loolanka siyaasadeed uu weli dib u dhac ku keenayo arrintan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-11 |title=Libya — a tale of two governments, again |url=https://arab.news/yrqr2 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=Arab News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rival&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=25 August 2014 |title=Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=25 August 2014 |publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Chris Stephen |title=Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=1 April 2016 |newspaper=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=7 August 2015 |title=Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva |url=http://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html |access-date=7 August 2015 |work=Sun Herald |archive-date=14 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314004151/https://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 September 1969 |title=1969: Bloodless coup in Libya |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm |archive-date=20 July 2011 |access-date=25 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Kafala |first=Tarik |date=20 October 2011 |title=Gaddafi's quixotic and brutal rule |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12532929 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424085047/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12532929 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |publisher=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=6 August 2015 |title=Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806 |archive-date=9 August 2015 |access-date=7 August 2015 |publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=24 October 2020 |title=Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |access-date=5 March 2021 |website=The Daily Star}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Maarso 2022, Golaha Wakiilada wuxuu joojiyay aqoonsigii Dawladda Midnimada Qaran wuxuuna ku dhawaaqay dawlad beddel ah, oo ah Dawladda Xasiloonida Qaranka (GNS). Labada dawladoodba waxay u shaqaynayeen isku mar wixii markaas ka dambeeyay, taas oo keentay awood laba-geesood ah oo ka jirta Liibiya. Beesha caalamku waxay sii waddaa inay u aqoonsato dawladda midnimada inay tahay dawladda sharciga ah ee dalka.

Liibiya waa dal soo koraya oo ku jira kaalinta 115ad ee HDI, waxayna leedahay kaydka 10aad ee ugu weyn ee saliidda la xaqiijiyay adduunka. Liibiya waxay leedahay heerka ugu sarreeya ee sii deynta gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo qofkiiba ee Afrika, laakiin horumar yar ayay ka samaysay dhanka horumarinta ballanqaadyada cimilada. Liibiya waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Aan-Caddayn, Midowga Afrika, Jaamacadda Carabta, Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka, iyo OPEC. Diinta rasmiga ah ee dalka waa Islaamka, iyadoo 96.6% dadka Liibiya ay yihiin Muslimiin Sunni ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt; Luqadda rasmiga ah ee Liibiya waa Carabi, iyadoo Carabiga Liibiya uu yahay kan ugu ballaaran ee lagaga hadlo dalka. Inta badan dadka Liibiya waa Carabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6IOKAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=RA6-PA144 |title=Britannica Student Encyclopaedia |date=2014-05-01 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. |isbn=978-1-62513-172-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|date=13 March 2024|access-date=13 March 2024|archive-date=13 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World proven crude oil reserves by country, 1980–2004 |url=http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/2004/FileZ/XL/T33.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711143657/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/2004/FileZ/XL/T33.HTM |archive-date=11 July 2012 |access-date=5 February 2013 |publisher=OPEC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalka magaca==
[[File:Archaeological Site of Sabratha-108976.jpg|thumb|left|Goobta taariikhiga ah ee Sabratha, Liibiya]]
Asalka magaca &quot;Liibiya&quot; wuxuu markii ugu horreysay ka muuqday qoraal ka mid ah Ramesses II, oo loo qoray sidii rbw ee hieroglyphic. Magacu wuxuu ka yimid aqoonsi guud oo la siiyay isbahaysi weyn oo ka jiray Bariga qadiimiga ah ee &quot;Liibiya&quot; ee Berber-ka, dadka Waqooyiga Afrika iyo qabiilooyinka ku noolaa hareeraha gobollada barwaaqada ah ee Cyrenaica iyo Marmarica. Ciidan ka kooban 40,000 oo nin&lt;ref name=&quot;3.8 MERENPTAH (1236-1230 BC)&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=Peter |title=HSC Ancient History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vhs2_vi4Yc0C&amp;q=King+meryey&amp;pg=PA72 |year=2006 |publisher=Pascal Press |isbn=9781741251784 |access-date=26 May 2020 |archive-date=31 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531052740/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vhs2_vi4Yc0C&amp;q=King+meryey&amp;pg=PA72 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo isbahaysi qabiilo oo loo yaqaanay &quot;Madaxda Waaweyn ee Libu&quot; waxaa hoggaaminayay Boqor Meryey oo dagaal la galay fircoon Merneptah sannadkii 5aad (1208 BC). Iskahorimaadkan waxaa lagu xusay Qoraalka Weyn ee Karnak ee ku yaal delta galbeedka intii lagu jiray sannadihii 5aad iyo 6aad ee xukunkiisa wuxuuna dhaliyay guuldarradii Meryey. Sida ku xusan Qoraalka Weyn ee Karnak, isbahaysiga milatari wuxuu ka koobnaa Meshwesh, Lukka, iyo &quot;Dadka Badda&quot; oo loo yaqaanay Ekwesh, Teresh, Shekelesh, iyo Sherden.

Qoraalka Weyn ee Karnak wuxuu u qoran yahay:
{{Blockquote|&quot;... xilligii saddexaad, isagoo leh: 'Madaxii kharribmay, ee laga adkaaday ee Liibiya, Meryey, wiilka Ded, wuxuu ku soo dhacay dalka Tehenu iyada oo ay weheliyaan qaansoleyda—Sherden, Shekelesh, Ekwesh, Lukka, Teresh. Isagoo soo kaxaystay geesiyaashii ugu fiicnaa iyo nin kasta oo dagaalyahan ah oo dalkiisa ka tirsan. Wuxuu keenay xaaskiisa iyo carruurtiisa—hoggaamiyayaashii xerada, wuxuuna gaadhay xadka galbeed ee beeraha Perire.&quot;}}
Magaca &quot;Liibiya&quot; waxaa dib loogu soo celiyay isticmaalka sannadkii 1903 cilmiga juqraafiga ee Talyaaniga Federico Minutilli. Waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu beddelo ereyadii loo isticmaali jiray Tripolitania-dii Cusmaaniyiinta, gobolka xeebta ee hadda ah Liibiya, kaas oo ay xukumaysay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta laga bilaabo 1551 ilaa 1911 as Eyalet of Tripolitania.&lt;ref name=&quot;be177&quot;&gt;&quot;Bibliografia della Libia&quot;; Bertarelli, p. 177.&lt;/ref&gt;

Liibiya waxay heshay madaxbannaanida 1951 iyadoo ahayd Boqortooyada Midowday ee Liibiya (المملكة الليبية المتحدة al-Mamlakah al-Lībiyyah al-Muttaḥidah), iyadoo magaca loo beddelay Boqortooyada Liibiya (المملكة الليبية al-Mamlakah al-Lībiyyah), dhab ahaantii &quot;Boqortooyada Liibiya&quot;, sannadkii 1963.&lt;ref&gt;Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress (1987), [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ly0036) &quot;Independent Libya&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321121614/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ly0036) |date=21 March 2022 }}, ''U.S. Library of Congress''. Retrieved 14 July 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dib afgambi uu hoggaaminayay Muammar Gaddafi 1969, magaca dawladda waxaa loo beddelay Jamhuuriyadda Carabta Liibiya (الجمهورية العربية الليبية al-Jumhūriyyah al-'Arabiyyah al-Lībiyyah). Magaca rasmiga ahi wuxuu ahaa &quot;Jamahiiriyada Carabta Liibiya ee Shacabka Hantiwadaaga ah&quot; laga bilaabo 1977 ilaa 1986 (الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية), iyo &quot;Jamahiiriyada Carabta Liibiya ee Shacabka Hantiwadaaga ah ee Weyn&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;name&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=9093369&amp;fid=3769&amp;c=libya |title=Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Libya |work=Geographical Names |access-date=1 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118153704/http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=9093369&amp;fid=3769&amp;c=libya |archive-date=18 January 2012  }}&lt;/ref&gt; (الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية العظمى,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=6485614&amp;fid=3784&amp;c=libya |title=الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية: Libya |work=Geographical Names |access-date=26 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724133149/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=6485614&amp;fid=3784&amp;c=libya |archive-date=24 July 2014  }}&lt;/ref&gt; al-Jamāhīriyyah al-'Arabiyyah al-Lībiyyah ash-Sha'biyyah al-Ishtirākiyyah al-'Udmá &lt;small&gt;{{Audio|Al-Jamahiriyyah al-Arabiyyah al-Libiyyah ash-shabiyyah al-Ishtirakiyyah al-Udhma.ogg|dhageyso}}&lt;/small&gt;) laga bilaabo 1986 ilaa 2011.

Golaha Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Qaranka, oo la aasaasay 2011, wuxuu ugu yeeray dawladda si fudud &quot;Liibiya&quot;. Qaramada Midoobay (UN) waxay si rasmi ah u aqoonsatay dalka sidii &quot;Liibiya&quot; bishii Sebtember 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unterm.un.org |title=United Nations interoffice memorandum dated 16 September 2011 from Desmond Parker, Chief of Protocol, to Shaaban M. Shaaban, Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly and Conference Management, attaching memorandum from Stadler Trengove, Senior Legal Officer |publisher=United Nations |date=16 September 2011 |access-date=5 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122071953/http://unterm.un.org/ |archive-date=22 January 2013  }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo lagu saleynayo codsi ka yimid Ergada Joogtada ah ee Liibiya iyadoo la xiganayo Baaqa Dastuuriga ah ee Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Liibiya ee 3dii Ogosto 2011. Bishii Noofambar 2011, ISO 3166-1 waxaa la beddelay si ay u muujiso magaca cusub ee dalka &quot;Liibiya&quot; ee Ingiriiska, &quot;Libye (la)&quot; ee Faransiiska.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/nl_vi-11_name_change_for_libya.pdf |access-date=13 December 2011 |date=8 November 2011 |title=ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-11: Name change for Libya |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117170551/http://www.iso.org/iso/nl_vi-11_name_change_for_libya.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bishii Diseembar 2017, Ergada Joogtada ah ee Liibiya u fadhida Qaramada Midoobay waxay ku wargelisay QM in magaca rasmiga ah ee dalka uu hadda ka dib yahay &quot;Dawladda Liibiya&quot;; &quot;Liibiya&quot; waxay ahaanaysaa qaabka rasmiga ah ee gaaban, dalkuna wuxuu sii wadaa in lagu taxo xarafka &quot;L&quot; ee liisaska xarfaha hore ee alifbeeto ahaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://unterm.un.org/UNTERM/Display/Record/UNHQ/NA/fd428e58-b85e-4d39-81a8-896368359dd5 |access-date=5 January 2018 |title=&quot;State of Libya&quot; in UNTERM (United Nations terminology database) |publisher=United Nations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233707/https://unterm.un.org/UNTERM/Display/Record/UNHQ/NA/fd428e58-b85e-4d39-81a8-896368359dd5 |archive-date=5 January 2018  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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| native_name = {{big|الجُمهورية اليَمَنية}}&lt;br /&gt;''{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah}}''
| common_name = Yemen
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| image_coat =  Emblem of Yemen (2).svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
| image_map = Yemen (orthographic projection).svg
| national_motto = &lt;div style=&quot;line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|الله, الوَطَن, الثَورة, الوَحدة}}}}|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|&quot;Allāh, al-Waṭan, aṯ-Ṯawrah, al-Waḥdah&quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;God, Country, Revolution, Unity&quot;}}&lt;/div&gt;
| national_anthem = &lt;div style=&quot;line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|نشيد اليمن الوطني}}}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}&lt;br /&gt;''[[National anthem of Yemen|Nashīd al-Yaman al-waṭanī]]''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''United Republic''}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:United States Navy Band - United Republic.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
| official_languages = [[Carabi]]
| demonym = [[Yemeni (disambiguation)|Yemeni]]
| capital = [[Sana'a]]
| government_type = {{nowrap|Xukun mid ah, jamhuuriyad}}
| leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1 = [[Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi]]
| leader_title2 = Raysulwasaare
| leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Basindawa]]
| legislature = {{nowrap|Aqalka wakiilada Baarlamaanka}}
| area_rank = 50th
| area_magnitude = 1 E8
| area_km2 = 527,829
| area_sq_mi = 203,796 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water = negligible
| population_estimate = 23,833,000&lt;ref name=yearbook2011&gt;{{cite web|title=Statistical Yearbook 2011|url=http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|publisher=Central Statistical Organisation|accessdate=24 February 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=9 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009023840/http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| population_estimate_year = 2011
| population_estimate_rank = 96th
| population_census = 19,685,000&lt;ref name=yearbook2011/&gt;
| population_census_year = 2004
| population_density_km2 = 44.7
| population_density_sq_mi = 115.7 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 160th
| GDP_PPP_year = 2011
| GDP_PPP = $57.966 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&amp;pr.y=1&amp;sy=2009&amp;ey=2012&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=474&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Yemen |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=24 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,306&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $14.675 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2011
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,340&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| Gini_year = | Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt; | Gini =  &lt;!--number only--&gt; | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = 2011 &lt;!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the year of its publication--&gt;
| HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI = 0.462 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_ref =&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 |publisher=The United Nations |accessdate=18 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 154th
| FSI = {{nowrap|93.2 {{decrease}} 3.4}}
| FSI_year = 2007
| FSI_rank = 24th
| FSI_category = &lt;span style=&quot;color:#f00;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;Alert&lt;/span&gt;
| sovereignty_type = Establishment
| established_event1 = [[North Yemen]] independence from the [[Ottoman Empire]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
| established_date1 = &lt;br /&gt;1 November 1918
| established_event2 = [[South Yemen]] independence&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
| established_date2 = &lt;br /&gt;30 November 1967
| established_event3 = [[Yemeni unification|Unification]]
| established_date3 = 22 May 1990
| currency = [[Yemeni rial]]
| currency_code = YER
| country_code = YEM
| time_zone =
| utc_offset = +3
| time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST =
| drives_on = right&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.newssafety.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=section&amp;layout=blog&amp;id=28&amp;Itemid=100385 |title=Yemen |publisher=International News Safety Institute |accessdate=14 October 2009 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=5 Bisha Shanaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505191038/http://www.newssafety.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=section&amp;layout=blog&amp;id=28&amp;Itemid=100385 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Yemen|+967]]
| cctld = [[.ye]]
| footnote_a = From the [[Ottoman Empire]].
| footnote_b = From the [[United Kingdom]].
}}

'''Yemen''' ([[Af-Carabi]]: اليَمَن), ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Yemen''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Bariga Dhexe]]. Yemen waxee xuduud la leedahay wadamada [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ka xigta [[Woqooyi]]ga iyo [[Galbeed]]ka xeebta [[Baddacas]], iyo [[Cumaan]] oo ka xigta [[Bari]]ga, Dhinaca [[Koonfur]]ta waxaa ka xiga [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo [[Bada Carabeed]], dhinaca [[Galbeed]]ka neh waxaa ka xiga [[Bada Cas]], wadanka caasimadiisa waa [[Sanca]].wadanka Yemen waa wadanka kaliya ee Bariga dhexe oo isticmaalo Jamhuuriyad. yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxaana aad looga caabudaa diinta islaamka, dhinaca dhaqaalaha yemen uma taajirsano sida wadamada kale ee carabta, wadanka waxoo leeyahy shidaal iyo saliid, laakiin wax soo saarkooda aad ayoo u yaryahay.

==Xubin==
* [[IMF]] *
* [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * *
* [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * 
* [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * * *

* [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] (baarlimentka waziirada “ Jaamacada (Ummadda) Carabta)..”.:•

==Waddanmaha la Degaan Yemen==
*'''{{Flag|Egypt}}''':121+Mil++:

**{{Flag|Jordan}}:1,200+

**{{Flag|Syria}}:2,000++

***{{Flag|Kuwait}}:950,000+

***{{Flag|Iraq}}:124,000+

****{{Flag|Palestine}}:950,000+

*****{{Flag|Sudan}}:25,000+

*****{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}:35,000+

[&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }}&lt;/ref&gt;].


*''{{Flag|Eritrea}}'' 4,940,000++:

[&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm |date=20220722083009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taariikh ==

Yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxoona leeyahay guryo taariikhi ah oo ladhisay kumanaansano kahor, ilaa hadda dadka yemaniga waxee isticmaalaan dhaqanka guryihii ladhisi jiray waagaas.Wadanka Yemen waxoo xornimo ka helay [[Dawlada Cosmaniya]] iyo gumeestihii [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. Wadanka Yemen waxoo markiisa hore u kala qeebsanaa [[Woqooyi]] Yemen iyo [[Koonfurta]] yemen , taariikhda marka ee eheed 1962dii ayaa [[koonfurta]] Yemen la midowday woqooyiga Yemen, waa markii wadanka laisku dhahay Jamhuuriyada yemen.

==Magaloyiinka==
* [[Ibb|Ibb]] 
* [[Sanca|Sanca]]
* [[Marib|Mareb]]

* [[Cadan|Cadan]]
* [[Ta'izz|Ta'ezz]]
* [[Al Mahwit]]
* [[Al Mukalla]]
* [[Hadhramaut]]

==Sido Kale fiiri==
*[[Yemeni rial]]
*Arabian Degaanka tectonic

=Tixraac=
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
      <sha1>lc4cbrp8xfy9c21y4tw8juf5x0udefa</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Suuriya</title>
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      <text bytes="7820" sha1="ask1autu7i7okkziv0uivfc3u0cqbtn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Suuriya
|native_name = 
|common_name = 
|image_flag = Flag of Syria (2025-).svg
|image_coat = Emblem of Syria (2025–present).svg
|national_anthem = 
|image_map = Syria (orthographic projection).svg
|national_anthem = 
|official_languages = [[Af-Carabi]]
|capital = [[Dimishiq]]
|government_type =
|leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]]
|leader_name1 = 
|leader_title2 = Raysulwasaare
|leader_name2 = 
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 = 
|legislature = 
|largest_city = [[Aleppo]]
|latd=33 |latm=30 |latNS=N |longd=36 |longm=18 |longEW=E
|area_rank = 89th
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|area_km2 = 186475
|area_sq_mi = 71479 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 1.1
|population_estimate = 22,530,746&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;/&gt;
|population_estimate_rank = 53rd
|population_estimate_year = July 2012
|population_census = 
|population_census_year = 
|population_density_km2 = 118.3
|population_density_sq_mi = 306.5 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 101st
|GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$107.831 billion&lt;ref name=CIA&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&amp;ey=2010&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=59&amp;pr1.y=13&amp;c=463&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Syria |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=22 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;}}
|GDP_PPP_rank = 
|GDP_PPP_year = 2012
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5,100&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
|GDP_nominal_year = 2025
|GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|7.057 Billion&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt;}}
|GDP_nominal_rank = 
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,802&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 
|established_event1 = [[Independence]] from [[Ottoman Empire]]
|established_date1 = 1 September 1918
|established_event2 = [[Independence]] from France
|established_date2 = 17 April 1946
|established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Secession]] from the&lt;br /&gt;[[United Arab Republic]]}}
|established_date3 = 28 September 1961
|Gini_year = 2004
|Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = 35.8 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=World Bank GINI index |publisher=Data.worldbank.org |date= |accessdate=2013-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank = 
|HDI_year = 2011
|HDI_change = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.632 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2010 |year=2010 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=5 November 2010 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=21 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121150504/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 119th
|currency = [[Syrian pound]]
|currency_code = SYP
|country_code = SY
|time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset = +2
|time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|drives_on = Midig
|calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Syria|+963]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|cctld = [[.sy]]
|footnote_a = 
}}
'''Suuriya''' ({{lang-en|Syria}}; {{lang-ar|{{big|سوريا}}}} ama {{lang|ar|{{big|سورية}}}}) waa dal ku yaala [[Bariga Dhexe]] ee qaarada [[Aasiya]]. Dalkaan wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Lubnaan]], [[Israaiil]], [[Urdun]], [[Turki]] iyo [[Ciraaq]]. magaalo madaxda wadanka waa [[Dimishiq]]. Suuriya waxaa degen dad gaaraaya ilaa 22,505,000 oo qof qiyaastii. Suuriya waxeey ka midtahay wadamada aadka ugud xadaarad fog dunida, waxeeyna leedahay taariikh aad u dheer, Suuriya waxeey jiri jirtay kumanaan sano kahor, waxaana soo gumeestay dawladihii cosmaaniyiinta iyo Faransiiska.

Af-Ingiriisi, magaca &quot;Suuriya&quot; ayaa horay u dhigma Levant (oo lagu yaqaan Carabi sida al-Sham), halka gobolka casriga ahi uu ku yaallo goobaha boqortooyooyinka dhawrka ah iyo boqortooyooyinka, oo ay ku jirto ilbaxnimada Eblan ee 3-ta mitul ee BC. Magaalada caasimadda Damascus iyo magaalada ugu weyn Aleppo waxay ka mid yihiin magaalooyinka ugu da 'weyn ee dunida ku nool. Xilligii Islaamka, Damascus wuxuu ahaa kursiga Umayyad Khaliifka iyo caasimadda gobolka ee Mamluk Sultanate ee Masar. Dawlad casri ah oo Suuriya ah ayaa la aasaasay qarnigii 20aad kaddib qarniyo badan oo Ottoman ah iyo mudo gaaban oo Faransiis ah, oo matalayay dawlad goboleedka ugu wayn ee Carabtu ka soo baxdo kuwii hore ee gobollada Siiriya ee xukumayay Suuriya. Waxa uu helay xornimad-xor ah sida Jamhuuriyadda Baarlamaanka 24-kii October 1945, markii Jamhuriyadda Suuriya ay noqotay xubin aasaasi ah oo Qaramada Midoobey ah, oo ah sharci sharci ahaan lagu soo afjaray Faransiis Mandaqadii hore - inkasta oo ciidamada Faransiisku aanay ka tagin dalka ilaa April 1946. Muddadii xorriyadda madax-bannaaniddu waxay ahayd mid baqdin leh, tiro badan oo ciidamo milatari ah iyo afgambi isku dayey in ay waddanku ku dhufteen muddadii 1949-71. Sannadkii 1958-kii, Suuriya waxay ku biirtay urur xeeladaysan oo Masar la yiraahdo Jamhuuriyadda Carabta, taas oo joojisay mujaahidiintii Siiriya 1961-kii. Jamhuuriyaddu waxa loo beddelay Jamhuuriyadda Carabta dhammaadkii 1961 kadib Diisambar 1 dastuuri ah, oo ahaa mid sii xoogaysanaya ilaa Ba'athaanka Guutada Dimoqraadiga, tan iyo markii Xisbiga Ba'ath uu hayo awoodiisa. Suuriya waxay hoos tagtay Sharciga Xaaladaha Degdega ah laga bilaabo 1963 illaa 2011, si wax ku ool ah u hakisay inta badan dastuurka ilaalinta muwaadiniinta Bashar al-Assad wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha tan iyo sanadkii 2000, waxaana ka soo hor jeeday aabihiis Hafez al-Assad, 14-kii shaqaale ka ahaa 1971 ilaa 2000.

[[File:Ghouta_rebels_in_1925.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]]
[[File:Al-Hamidiyah_Souq_02.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]]
[[File:LatakiaSkyline.png|thumb|right|400px|Magaaloyinka Latkaiya]]
Tan iyo bishii Maarso 2011, Suuriya waxaa lagu soo rogay colaado hubaysan, iyada oo ay jiraan tiro ka mid ah wadamada gobolka iyo kuwa kale ee ku lug leh howlgalka militariga ama haddii kale. Sidaas darteed, tiro ka mid ah hay'ado siyaasadeed oo is-daba-joog ah ayaa ka soo baxay dhulalka Suuriya, oo ay ku jiraan mucaaradka Suuriya, Rojava, Tahrir al-Sham iyo Dawladda Islaamiga ah ee Ciraaq iyo Levant. Suuriya ayaa kaalinta ugu dambeysa ku leh caalamkii caalamiga ahaa ee nabadda, taasoo ka dhigaysa waddanka ugu xoogga badan adduunka sababo la xiriira dagaalka, inkasta oo noloshu si caadi ah u socoto inta badan dadkeeda marka loo eego December 2017. Dagaalku wuxuu keenay 470,000 dhimasho (Febraayo 2016) 7.6 milyan oo qof oo gudaha ku barokacay (Julaay 2015 qiyaasta qiyaasta) iyo in ka badan 5 milyan oo qaxooti ah (Julaay 2017 diiwaangelisay by UNHCR), sameynta qiimayntu waa ay adagtahay sannadihii la soo dhaafay.

Laga soo bilaabo qiyaastii 10,000 BC, Suuriya waxay ka mid ahayd xarumaha dhaqanka Neolithic (oo loo yaqaan Pre-Pottery Neolithic A) halkaas oo beeraha iyo lo'da ay u muuqdeen markii ugu horeysay ee aduunka. Xilliga Neolithic ee soo socda (PPNB) waxaa matala guryaha qaylo-dhaanta ah ee dhaqanka Mureybet. Waqtiga dufanka hore ee Neolithic, dadka ayaa isticmaala maraakiib ka samaysan dhagax, gyps iyo lime gubtay (Vaisselle blanche). Raadinta qalabka wax lagu cuno ee ka soo jeeda Anatolia waa caddaynta xiriirka hore ee ganacsiga. Magaalooyinka Hamokar iyo Emar ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray xilligii Neolithic iyo Bronze Age. Arkaeologists waxay muujiyeen in jinsiyada Suuriya ay ahayd mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu da'da weynaa ee dhulka, laga yaabee inay ka soo baxeen oo keliya kuwa Mesopotamia.

==Daadka La Degaan Suuriya==
**{{Flag|Jordan}}:200+
**{{Flag|Iraq}} 200+
**{{Flag|Palestine}}: 500+

==Sido Kale Fiiri==
* [[Turkiga]]
* [[Iiraan]]

==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Suuriya]]
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nayjeeriya</title>
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|native_name =
{{collapsible list
  |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;padding-left:3.0em;font-size:80%;
  |title = {{resize|90%|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Nayjeeriya}}
  |liststyle = font-weight:normal;
  | &lt;center&gt;{{native name|ha|{{small|Jamhuriyar Taraiyar Nijeriya}}|fontsize=68%}}&lt;/center&gt;
  | &lt;center&gt;{{native name|yo|{{small|Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà}}|fontsize=68%}}&lt;/center&gt;
  | &lt;center&gt;{{native name|ig|{{small|Ọ̀hàńjíkọ̀ Ọ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà}}|fontsize=68%}}&lt;/center&gt;
  | &lt;center&gt;{{native name|ff|{{small|Republik Federaal bu Niiseriya'}}|fontsize=68%}}&lt;/center&gt;
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|common_name = Nigeria
|image_flag = Flag of Nigeria.svg
|image_coat = 
| image_map = Location Nigeria AU Africa.svg
|image_map2 = Nigeria - Location Map (2013) - NGA - UNOCHA.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption|countryprefix=|location_color=[[cirdhow]] madow|region=Afrika|region_color=cawl madow|subregion=[[Midowga afrika]]|subregion_color=[[cirdhow]] khafiif ah}}
|national_motto = &quot;Midnimada iyo rumaysad, nabad iyo Horumarka&quot;
|national_anthem = ''[[Arise, O Compatriots]]''&lt;br /&gt;
|demonym = Nayjeerida
|official_languages = [[Ingiriis (luqad)|Ingiriis]]
|languages_type = Spoken languages
|languages = [[Nigerian Pidgin]]
|languages_type = Major languages
|languages = {{hlist |[[Af-Hawsa|Hawsa]] |[[Af-Igbo|Igbo]] |[[Af-Yoruuba|Yoruuba]]}}
|languages2_type = Luqadaha kale&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ng |title=Languages of Nigeria |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |accessdate=12 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|languages2 =
|largest_city = [[Lagos]]
|government_type = Jamhuuriyadda madaxweynaha Federaalka
|leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyneyaashii Nayjeeriya|Madaxweyne]]
|leader_name1 = [[Bola Tinubu]]
|leader_title2 = Madaxweyne ku-xigeen
|leader_name2 = [[Yemi Osinbajo]]
|legislature = Golaha Qaranka
|upper_house = Senate
|lower_house = Golaha Wakiilada
|sovereignty_type = [[History of Nigeria|Independence]]
|sovereignty_note = from the United Kingdom
|established_event1 = Unification of [[Protectorate of Southern Nigeria|Southern]] and [[Protectorate of Northern Nigeria|Northern Nigeria]]
|established_date1 = 1914
|established_event2 = Declared and recognised
|established_date2 = 1 October 1960
|established_event3 = Republic declared
|established_date3 = 1 October 1963
|area_rank = 32nd
|area_magnitude = 1_E11
|area_km2 = 923,768
|area_sq_mi = 356,667 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = 1.4
|population_estimate=174,507,539
|population_estimate_rank = 7th
|population_estimate_year = 2013
|population_census = 140,431,790
|population_census_year = 2006
|population_density_km2 = 188.9
|population_density_sq_mi = 489.3 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 71st
|GDP_PPP = $1.018 trillion &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Data |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD |title=GDP, PPP (current international $) &amp;#124; Data &amp;#124; Table |publisher=Data.worldbank.org |accessdate=2014-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank =  19th
|GDP_PPP_year = 2021
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5,600 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Data |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD/countries |title=GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) &amp;#124; Data &amp;#124; Table |publisher=Data.worldbank.org |accessdate=2014-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal = 517.000 Billion &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Data |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD/countries |title=GDP (current US$) &amp;#124; Data &amp;#124; Table |publisher=Data.worldbank.org |date= |accessdate=2014-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_nominal_rank = 23rd
|GDP_nominal_year = 2021
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,760&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Research |first=Development |url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/nigeria |title=Nigeria &amp;#124; Data |publisher=Data.worldbank.org |accessdate=2014-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 
|Gini_year = 2010
|Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = 48.8 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_ref =&lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank =
|HDI_year = 2013&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.504 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf |title=2014 Human Development Report Summary |date=2014 |accessdate=27 July 2014 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | pages=21–25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 152nd
|FSI = 95.6 {{increase}} 1.2
|FSI_year = 2007
|FSI_rank = 17th
|FSI_category = &lt;span style=&quot;color:#F00;&quot;&gt;Alert&lt;/span&gt;
|currency = [[Nigerian naira|Naira]] (₦)
|currency_code = NGN
|country_code = NGA
|time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]]
|utc_offset = +1
|time_zone_DST = {{nowrap|not observed}}
|utc_offset_DST = +1
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+234]]
|cctld = [[.ng]]
}}
'''Nayjeerya''' ({{lang-en|Nigeria}}) waa wadan kuyaala galbeedka afrika caasimadiisuna waa Abuja laakin magaalada ugu weyn waa Lagos waa magaalo ganacsi oo qurux badan waxa uu xad la leeyahay wadamada '''[[ghana]]''', '''[[Niger]]''' '''[[Karamaruun]]''' iyo wadan '''[[Jad]]''' 
'''Nayjeeriya''' (''Nigeria''), [[Afrika]]
Nigeria (oo ku saabsan dhawaaqa maqalka)), asal ahaan waa Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Nigeria, waa Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Galbeedka Afrika, oo xuduud la leh Benin ee galbeedka, Chad iyo Cameroon oo ku yaal bariga, iyo waqooyiga Niger. Xeebta koonfureed waxay ku taal Gacanka Guinea ee ku taala Badweynta Atlantic. Waxay ka kooban tahay 36 dawladood iyo Xarunta Dhexe ee Federaalka, oo ah caasimadda, Abuja. Nigeria waa mid si rasmi ah u ah dalal dimuquraadi ah.


Nigeria waxay ku taalla dhowr dal oo boqortooyo ah iyo qabaa'illo qabaa'il ah oo ka soo jeeda millennia. Dalkan casriga ahi wuxuu ka soo jeedaa xukunka Britishka ee gumeysiga ee qarnigii 19aad, waxaana la wareegay qaabka xudduudaha hadda jira ee la jaan qaadaya Koontada Koonfureed ee Nigeria iyo ilaalinta Waqooyiga Nigeria sannadkii [[1914]]. Britain waxay dejisay qaab dhismeed iyo sharci sharci ah iyada oo ku dhaqma sharciyada aan tooska ahayn iyada oo loo marayo madaxda dhaqameedyada . Nigeria waxay noqotay koox madax-bannaan oo madaxbannaan sanadkii [[1960]]-kii. Waxaa soo maray dagaallo sokeeye laga soo bilaabo [[1967]]-kii illaa [[1970]]-kii. Kadibna waxaa is bedelay dawladaha dimoqraadiga ah ee doorashooyinka iyo kali-talisyada militariga illaa ay gaadhay dimoqraadiyad xasilloon sannadkii [[1999]]-kii, iyada oo doorashadii madaxweynenimada ee [[2011]]-ka la tixgeliyey markii ugu horeysay ee si macquul ah xor ah oo cadaalad ah.

Nigeria waxaa badanaa lagu magacaabaa &quot;Giant Africa&quot;, iyada oo ku xiran dadkeeda iyo dhaqaalaheeda. 186 milyan oo qof, Nigeria waa dalka ugu badan ee ku yaal Afrika iyo kan toddobaad ee ugu dad weyn adduunka. Dalka Nigeria wuxuu ku nool yahay adduunka saddexaad ee ugu weyn adduunka, ka dib Hindiya iyo Shiinaha, iyada oo in ka badan 90 milyan oo ka mid ah dadka ay da'doodu ka yar tahay 18 jir  Waddanka waxaa loo arkaa inuu yahay waddan caalami ah iyada oo ay ku noolyihiin in ka badan 500 kooxood, kuwaas oo saddexda ugu weyn ay ka mid yihiin Hausa, Igbo iyo Yoruba; kooxdan qowmiyadeed waxay ku hadlaan in ka badan 500 luqadood oo kala duwan oo lagu aqoonsado dhaqamo kala duwan. Luuqadda rasmiga ah waa Ingiriis. Nigeria waxaa loo kala qaybiyaa qiyaastii kala bar Masiixiyiinta, kuwaas oo inta badan ku nool qaybta koonfureed ee dalka, iyo Muslimiinta, oo inta badan ku nool waqooyiga. Dad tiro yar oo ka mid ah dadku waxay ku dhaqmaan diimaha asaliga ah ee Nigeria, sida kuwa ku dhaqan Igbo iyo Yoruba.
==Sawiro==
[[File:2014_Tinubu_Square_Lagos_Nigeria_14640600637.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Nigeria}}]]
[[File:2010_Lagos_Nigeria_5284107494.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Nigeria}}]]
[[File:NOUN_Senate_Building_Abuja.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Nigeria}}]]

==Xubin==

* [[ICAO]]
* [[UNICEF]]
* [[Ecowas]]
* [[UNESCO]]
* [[Midowga Afrika]] 
* [[Bankiga Aduunka]] 
* [[Qaramada Midoobay]] 
* [[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]]
* [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] 
* [[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]]

==Waddnamha degaan Nigeria==

*{{Flag|Niger}} 2,00++:

*{{Flag|Cameroon}} 20,000++:

==Sido Kale fiiri==

* [[Angola]]
* [[Ghana]]
* [[Togo]]

==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Nayjeeriya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>867iigeanhpav3l21vg2qx7ucnutk0w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tunisiya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3282</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307775</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-11T00:44:36Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>template:Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka</comment>
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      <text bytes="25408" sha1="48ya1rzgoedhw4nhe23q9tgqfelkkvq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Tunisiya
| name                   = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|ar|الجمهورية التونسية}}&lt;br /&gt;{{transliteration|ar|al-Jumhūriyyah at-Tūnisiyyah}}}}
| common_name            = Tunisiya
| image_flag             = Flag of Tunisia.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg
| coa_size               = 70
| national_motto         = {{lang|ar|حرية، نظام، عدالة|rtl=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;{{transliteration|ar|Ḥurrīyah, Niẓām, 'Adālah}}&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Xorriyad, Kala-danbaysi, Caddaalad]]&quot;
| national_anthem        = {{lang|ar|حماة الحمى|rtl=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Humat al-Hima]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;({{langx|en|&quot;Difaacayaasha Gidgiga&quot;}})&lt;br /&gt;{{center|[[File:Humat al-Hima.ogg]]}}
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File:Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg]]|Muuji wareegga dhulka|Muuji khariidadda Tunisiya|default=1}}
| map_caption            = 
| capital                = [[Tunis]]
| largest_city           = caasimadda
| coordinates            = {{Coord|36|49|N|10|11|E|type:city}}
| official_languages     = [[Af-Carabi Standardka Casriga ah|Carabi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;art1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Dastuurka Tunisiya, Qodobka 1 |url=http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |date=26 January 2014 |access-date=10 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209234154/http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |archive-date=9 February 2014 }} Turjumaadda Jaamacadda Bern: &quot;Tunisiya waa Dawlad xor ah, madax-bannaan oo madax-bannaan; diinteedu waa Islaamka, luqaddeedu waa Carabi, foomkeeduna waa Jamhuuriyadda.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tunisia/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110024851/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tunisia | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 January 2021 | title=Tunisia CIA World Factbook | date=13 March 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religion               = {{unbulleted list|99% [[Islaamka Tunisiya|Islaamka Sunniga]]|1% [[Astaamaha dadka ee Tunisiya|kuwa kale]] (oo ay ku jiraan [[Diinta ee Tunisiya#Masiixiyadda|Masiixiyiinta]], [[Taariikhda Yuhuuda ee Tunisiya|Yuhuudda]], [[Islaamka Shiicada]], iyo [[Diinta Baháʼí ee Tunisiya|Baha’i]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/new-survey-reveals-drop-religiousity-across-arab-world-especially-north-africa | title=New survey reveals drop-off in religiosity across Arab world, especially North Africa }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2018/06/13/young-adults-around-the-world-are-less-religious-by-several-measures/ | title=2. Young adults around the world are less religious by several measures | date=13 June 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| languages_type         = Af-goobalka maxaliga ah
| languages              = [[Af-Carabiga Tunisiya]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/aeb Arabic, Tunisian Spoken]. Ethnologue (19 February 1999). Retrieved on 5 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Lahjadaha laga tirada badan yahay : [[Af-Berberka Jerba]] (Chelha) [[Af-Berberka Matmata]] 
[[Af-Carabiga Yuhuudda-Tunisiya]] (UNESCO CR) &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000212023|title=Atlas of the world's languages in danger : North Africa and the Middle East}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered|title=Endangered Languages}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/TN/languages|title=Tunisia Language Status}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.language-archives.org/language/jbn|title=OLAC resources in and about the Nafusi language}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nafu1238|title=Language Classification}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tunisia/Languages|title=Languages of Tunisia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-tunisia.html|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Tunisia?}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDq4YV0VT00C&amp;q=Berber-speaking+migrant+communities&amp;pg=PA109|title=Change in Tunisia: Studies in the Social Sciences|last1=Stone|first1=Russell A.|last2=Simmons|first2=John|date=1976|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=9780873953115|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://researchdirect.uws.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:573|title=An outline of the Shilha (Berber) vernacular of Douiret (Southern Tunisia)|publisher=PhD Thesis, Western Sydney University |last=Gabsi |first= Z. |year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages2_type        = Luqadaha qalaad
| languages2             = [[Af-Fransiis|Fransiis]] iyo [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]{{efn|Ingiriisiga waxaa lagu dhigaa laga bilaabo fasalka afraad,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cnp.com.tn/arabic/PDF/CurriculumOFENGLISH.pdf|title=CurriculumOFENGLISH|date=2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaana jira koror la dareemi karo oo ku yimid adeegsigeeda dhalinyarada dhexdeeda iyo baahida sii kordheysa ee suuqa shaqada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=English-medium instruction in Tunisia: Perspectives of students|date=2023|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1112255 |doi-access=free |last1=Abdeljaoued |first1=Marii |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=14 |article-number=1112255 |pmid=37008855 |pmc=10063842 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{Tree list}}
* 98% [[Carab]]&lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;
* 1% [[Berber]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3509799.stm|title=Berbers Populations Distribution|date=12 March 2004 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3509799.stm|title=Q&amp;A: The Berbers|date=12 March 2004 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1% [[Yuhuud]] iyo kuwa kale&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pjvoice.com/v27/27006tunisia.aspx|title=The Jews of Tunisia|website=www.pjvoice.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Tree list/end}}
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2021
| ethnic_groups_ref      = &lt;ref name=CIA/&gt;
| demonym                = [[Dadka Tunisiya|Reer Tunisiya]]
| government_type        = Midaysan [[jamhuuriyad madaxweyne]]
| leader_title1          = [[Madaxweynaha Tunisiya|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1           = [[Kais Saied]]
| leader_title2          = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Tunisiya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]
| leader_name2           = [[Sara Zaafarani]]
| legislature            = [[Baarlamaanka Tunisiya|Baarlamaan]]
| upper_house            = [[Golaha Qaranka ee Gobollada iyo Degmooyinka]]
| lower_house            = [[Golaha Wakiilada Shacabka]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[Taariikhda Tunisiya|Aasaaska]]
| established_event1     = [[Aghlabids|Imaaraddii Aghlabid]]
| established_date1      = 800
| established_event2     = [[Hafsids|Saldanaddii Hafsid]]
| established_date2      = 1229
| established_event3     = [[Beylik of Tunis|Beylik-gii Tunis]]
| established_date3      = 15 Luulyo 1705
| established_event4     = [[Maxmiyaddii Fransiiska ee Tunisiya|Maxmiyaddii Fransiiska]]
| established_date4      = 12 Maayo 1881
| established_event5     = [[Madax-bannaanida Tunisiya|Madax-bannaanida]] iyo [[Boqortooyada Tunisiya|Boqortooyada]]
| established_date5      = 20 Maarso 1956
| established_event6     = [[Taariikhda Tunisiya casriga ah|Ku dhawaaqista Jamhuuriyadda]]
| established_date6      = 25 Luulyo 1957
| area_km2               = 163610
| area_rank              = 91aad &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--&gt;
| area_sq_mi             = 63170
| percent_water          = 5.04
| population_estimate    = 
| population_census      = 11,972,169&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.ins.tn/en/enquetes/population-and-housing-census-2024 | title=National Institute of Statistics}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 
| population_estimate_rank = 79aad
| population_census_year = 2024
| population_density_km2 = 79 &lt;!--pop est 2011 (164,418 sq km) / land area (155,360) = 96,536 sq mi--&gt;
| population_density_sq_mi = 200
| population_density_rank = 134aad
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $183.73 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;WEOD2504&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 84aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $14,780&lt;ref name=&quot;WEOD2504&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 111aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $56.290 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;WEOD2504&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 90aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $4,530&lt;ref name=&quot;WEOD2504&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 121aad
| Gini                   = 33.7 &lt;!-- number only --&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2021
| Gini_change            = hoos u dhacay &lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=GINI index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=19 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.746 &lt;!-- number only --&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2023&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = kordhay &lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 - A matter of choice: People and possibilities in the age of AI |date=6 May 2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |isbn= |publication-date=6 May 2025 |pages= |access-date=6 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506064128/https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2025 |archive-date=6 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 105aad
| currency               = [[Dinaarka Tunisiya]]
| currency_code          = TND
| time_zone              = [[Wakhtiga Bartamaha Yurub|CET]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| date_format            = dd/mm/yyyy
| calling_code           = [[Lambarrada taleefanka ee Tunisiya|+216]]
| cctld                  = {{ublist |[[.tn]] |{{lang|ar|[[Internationalized country code top-level domain|.تونس]]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;iana&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.iana.org/reports/2010/tunis-report-16jul2010.html |title=Report on the Delegation of تونس. |year=2010 |publisher=Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers |access-date=8 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531054928/https://www.iana.org/reports/2010/tunis-report-16jul2010.html |archive-date=31 May 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}
'''Tunisiya''',{{efn|Ku dhawaaqida: {{IPAc-en|UK|tj|uː|ˈ|n|ɪ|z|i|ə|,_|-|ˈ|n|ɪ|s|-}}, {{IPAc-en|US|-|ˈ|n|iː|ʒ|ə|,_|-|ˈ|n|iː|ʃ|ə|,_|-|ˈ|n|ɪ|ʒ|ə|,_|-|ˈ|n|ɪ|ʃ|ə}};&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2008|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|edition=3rd|publisher=Longman|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{langx|ar|تونس}} ''{{audio|help=no|tounes bel tounsi.wav|Tūnis}}'', {{IPA|ar|tuː.nɪs|pron}}}} si rasmi ahna loo yiraahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Tunisiya''',{{efn|{{langx|ar|الجمهورية التونسية}} ''{{audio|help=no|tounesjmr.wav|al-Jumhūrīya at-Tūnisīya}}''; {{langx|fr|République tunisienne}}. Magaca rasmiga ah ee af-Carabiga maxaliga ah wuxuu u turjumayaa si aad ugu dhow &quot;Jamhuuriyadda Tunisiya&quot;, sidoo kale turjumaadda rasmiga ah ee Fransiiska ee inta badan la isticmaalo, laakiin turjumaadda Ingiriiska ee &quot;Republic of Tunisia&quot; waxaa Ingiriis ahaan u adeegsada xitaa dawladda Tunisiya ujeeddooyin rasmi ah (tusaale ahaan, magaca ay adeegsato safaaradda Tunisiya ee Washington, D.C.)}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Embassy of the Republic of Tunisia|url=https://www.tunisianembassy.org/|access-date=2021-09-30|publisher=Embassy of the Republic of Tunisia|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; waa dal ku yaal gobolka [[Maghrib]] ee [[Waqooyiga Afrika]]. Waxaa xudduud la wadaaga [[Aljeeriya]] dhanka galbeed iyo koonfur-galbeed, [[Liibiya]] dhanka koonfur-bari, iyo [[Bada Dhexe]] dhanka waqooyi iyo bari. Tunisiya waxay sidoo kale xudduud baddeed la wadaagtaa [[Talyaaniga]] iyada oo loo marayo jasiiradaha [[Sisili]] iyo [[Sardiniya]] dhanka waqooyi iyo [[Malta]] dhanka bari. Waxay leedahay goobo qadiimi ah oo laga qoday oo ku saabsan [[Kartaaj]] kuwaas oo dib u dhacaya qarnigii 9aad BC, iyo sidoo kale Masaajidka Weyn ee [[Kairouan]]. Waxay caan ku tahay dhismaheeda qadiimiga ah, [[Suuqyada Tunis|suuqyada]], iyo xeebaha buluugga ah, waxay ku fadhidaa dhul baaxaddiisu tahay {{convert|163610|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, waxayna leedahay dad gaaraya 12.1 milyan. Waxay ka kooban tahay dhammaadka bari ee [[Buuraha Atlas]] iyo cirifka waqooyi ee saxaraha [[Saxaraha Weyn]]; inta badan dhulkeeda soo harayna waa [[dhul la beeri karo]]. Xeebteeda oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|1300|km|mi|abbr=on}} waxaa ku jira isku-xirka Afrikaanka ee qeybaha galbeed iyo bari ee [[Dooxada Badda Dhexe]]. Tunisiya waa hoyga dhibicda ugu waqooyisaneysa Afrika, oo ah [[Cape Angela]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta waqooyi-bari, [[Tunis]] waa caasimadda dalka, taas oo dalka la fkiisa loogu magac daray Tunis. Luqadda rasmiga ah ee Tunisiya waa [[Af-Carabi Standardka Casriga ah|Carabi]]. Inta guud ee dadka Tunisiya waa [[Carab]] iyo [[Muslimiin]]. Af-goobalka [[Af-Carabiga Tunisiya]] waa luqadda ugu hadalka badan, [[Af-Fransiis|Fransiiska]] wuxuu u adeegaa sidii luqad maamul iyo mid waxbarasho xaaladaha qaar, laakiin ma laha maqaam rasmi ah.

Laga soo bilaabo xilligii qadiimiga ahaa ee hore, Tunisiya waxaa degganaa dadka u dhashay gobolka ee [[Berber]]. [[Foinikiya|Foinikiyiinta]], oo ah dad [[Luqadaha Semitiga|Semiig]] ah, waxay bilaabeen inay yimaadaan qarnigii 12aad BC, [[Deegaamaynta Foinikiyiinta ee Waqooyiga Afrika|iyagoo degey xeebta oo aasaasay dhowr degmo]], kuwaas oo [[Kartaaj]] ay u soo baxday inay noqoto dalka ugu awoodda badnaa qarnigii 7aad BC. Faracyadii ka yimid degeyaashii Foinikiyiinta waxaa loo yaqaannay [[Dadka Punic]]. [[Kartaaj-tii Qadiimiga ahayd]] waxay ahayd boqortooyo [[Ganaacsi|ganacsi]] weyn iyo xafiiltan ciidan la lahayd [[Jamhuuriyadda Roomanka]] ilaa 146 BC markii [[Goynta Kartaaj (Dagaalkii Saddexaad ee Punic)|lagu jabiyay]] Roomaanka kuwaas oo haystay Tunisiya inta badan 800-da sano ee soo socota. Roomaanku waxay soo hordhigeen [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] waxayna ka tageen hiddo dhisid ah sida [[Amphitheatre of El Jem]]. Qarnigii 7aad AD, [[Fathigii Muslimiinta ee Maghrib|Muslimiinta Carabta ayaa qabsaday]] Tunisiya waxayna [[Hijradii Carabta ee Maghrib|la degeen qabiilooyinkooda iyo qoysaskooda]], iyagoo keenay [[Islaam]] iyo [[Dhaqanka Carabta]]. Ka dib guurid weyn oo [[Hijradii Carabta ee Maghrib#Banu Hilal iyo Banu Sulaym (qarnigii 11aad)|Hijradii Carabta]] ee qabiilooyinka [[Banu Hilal]] iyo [[Banu Sulaym]] qarniyadii 11aad-12aad ayaa dardargelisay geeddi-socodkan. Qiyaastii qarnigii 15aad, gobolka Tunisiya ee maanta wuxuu horey u ahaa mid ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba [[Carabayn|Caraboobay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Holes |first=Clive |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzRtDwAAQBAJ |title=Arabic Historical Dialectology: Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Approaches |year=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-100506-0 |page=42 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dib, sanadkii 1546, [[Boqortooyadii Cusmaniyiinta]] ayaa aasaastay maamul, iyadoo haysatay ilaa 1881, markii [[Qabsashadii Fransiiska ee Tunisiya|Fransiisku qabsaday Tunisiya]]. Sanadkii 1956, [[Madax-bannaanida Tunisiya|Tunisiya waxay qaadatay madax-bannaanida]] iyadoo ah Jamhuuriyadda Tunisiya. Maanta, [[Dhaqanka Tunisiya|dhaqanka Tunisiya]] iyo aqoonsigeedu waxay ku salaysan yihiin isgoyskan qarniyada badan qaatay ee dhaqamada iyo qoomiyadaha kala duwan.

Sanadkii 2011, [[Kacdoonkii Tunisiya]], kaas oo ay kicisay qanacnaan la'aan ku saabsan xorriyad la'aanta iyo [[demoqraadiyad|demoqraadiyadda]] hoos timaada xukunkii 24-ka sano ahaa ee Madaxweyne [[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]], ayaa afgembiyay nidaamkiisii wuxuuna horseeday dhaqdhaqaaqa ballaran ee [[Gu'gii Carabta]] ee gobolka oo dhan. Doorashooyin baarlamaani ah oo xisbiyo badan oo xor ah [[Doorashadii Golaha Maatada ee Tunisiya ee 2011|doorashooyin]] ayaa la qabtay wax yar ka dib; dalku wuxuu haddana u codeeyay baarlamaan 26 Oktoobar 2014,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url =http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20140625141745/ |title=Tunisie: les législatives fixées au 26 octobre et la présidentielle au 23 novembre |trans-title=Tunisia: legislative elections fixed for 26 October and presidential elections for 23 November|newspaper=Jeune Afrique |language=fr |date=25 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo madaxweyne 23 Noofambar 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Tunisia holds first post-revolution presidential poll|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-30165471|work=BBC News|date=23 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gobolka 2014 ilaa 2020, waxaa loo tixgeliyey dalka kaliya ee demoqraaddiga ah ee [[Caalamka Carabta]], sida uu qabo ''[[The Economist Democracy Index]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url =https://infographics.economist.com/2022/democracy-index-2021/index.html |title=Democracy Index 2021|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=22 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|[[Lubnaan]] iyo [[Ciraaq]] waa [[Nidaamka qirashada (siyaasadda)|demoqraadiyado qirasho siyasadeed ah]].}} Ka dib [[dib-u-dhac demoqraadi ah]] oo ka dhacay hoos timaada Madaxweyne [[Kais Saied]], Tunisiya waxaa loo qiimeeyay [[nidaam isku-dhaf ah]] sanadkii 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Democracy Index 2021: The China challenge |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2021/ |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |access-date=2 March 2022 |pages=6–7 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108091515/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2021/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; laga bilaabo 2025 ma laha doorashooyin xor iyo cadaalad ah sida uu qabo [[Freedom House]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tunisia: Freedom in the World 2025 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/tunisia/freedom-world/2025 |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa mid ka mid ah waddamada tirada yar ee Afrika ee aadka ugu sarreeya [[Heerka Horumarka Aadanaha]], iyadoo leh mid ka mid ah [[Liiska waddamada Afrika marka loo eego GDP (PPP) qofkiiba|dakhliga qofkiiba ugu sarreeya]] qaaradda, iyadoo ku jirta kaalinta 129aad ee [[Liiska waddamada marka loo eego GDP (nominal) qofkiiba|dakhliga qofkiiba ee GDP]].

Tunisiya waxay si fiican ugu dhex weydaysan tahay beesha caalamka. Waa xubin ka tirsan [[Qaramada Midoobay]], {{Lang|fr|[[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]]}}, [[Ururka Carabta]], [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]], [[Midowga Afrika]], [[Suuqa Wadajirka ah ee Bariga iyo Koonfurta Afrika]], [[Dhaqdhaqaaqa Aan-la-safan]], [[Maxkamadda Dembiyada Caalamiga ah]], [[Kooxda 77]], iyo kuwa kale. Waxay xiriir dhow oo dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed la leedahay qaar ka mid ah waddamada Yurub, gaar ahaan [[Xiriirka Faransiiska iyo Tunisiya|Faransiiska]] iyo [[Xiriirka Talyaaniga iyo Tunisiya|Talyaaniga]],&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.jolpress.com/italie-matteo-renzi-tunisie-article-824677.html &quot;Pourquoi l'Italie de Matteo Renzi se tourne vers la Tunisie avant l'Europe&quot;]. JOL Journalism Online Press (28 February 2014). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810115035/http://www.jolpress.com/italie-matteo-renzi-tunisie-article-824677.html|date=10 August 2018}}. Retrieved on 5 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ghanmi |first=Monia |date=12 September 2014 |url=http://magharebia.com/fr/articles/awi/articles/2014/09/12/feature-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914025940/http://magharebia.com/fr/articles/awi/articles/2014/09/12/feature-02 |archive-date=14 September 2014 |title=La Tunisie renforce ses relations avec l'Italie |language=fr |trans-title=Tunisia strengthens relations with Italy |work=Magharebia}}&lt;/ref&gt; sababo la xiriira isku dhawaanshahooda dhuleed. Tunisiya waxay sidoo kale leedahay [[Heshiiska Ururka Midowga Yurub|heshiis iskaashi]] ay la leedahay [[Midowga Yurub]] waxayna gaartay maqaamka [[isbahaysi weyn oo aan NATO ahayn]] ee [[Maraykanka]].

== Asalka  magaca==
{{see also|Tunis#Etymology}}
Erayga ''Tunisia'' wuxuu ka yimid [[Tunis]], oo ah xarun magaalo oo dhexe iyo caasimadda Tunisiya-da casriga ah. Qaabka hadda jira ee magaca, oo wata horgalaheeda [[Laatiin|Laatiinka]] ee ''{{nowrap|-ia}}'', wuxuu ka yimid [[Af-Fransiis|Fransiiska]] {{lang|fr|Tunisie}},&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrian&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Room |first=Adrian |title=Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites |entry=Tunisia |entry-url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl02edroom/page/385/mode/1up |publisher=McFarland |year=2006 |page=385 |isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Everett-Heath|first=John|title=The Concise Dictionary of World Place-names|entry=Tunisia|entry-url=https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000ever/page/534/mode/1up|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2005|page=534|isbn=978-0-19-860537-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; kaas oo isna guud ahaan lala xiriiriyo xididka [[Luqadaha Berberiga|Berberiga]] ee {{lang|ber|ⵜⵏⵙ}}, loona qoro {{lang|ber-Latn|tns}}, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;in la dego&quot; ama &quot;xero&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;peter-ross&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Peter M. |last1=Rossi |first2=Wayne Edward |last2=White |title=Articles on the Middle East, 1947–1971: A Cumulation of the Bibliographies from the Middle East Journal |publisher=Pierian Press, [[University of Michigan]] |year=1980 |page=132}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mararka qaarkood waxaa sidoo kale lala xiriiriyaa [[Diinta Kartaaj|ilaahadda Kartaaj]] ee [[Tanit]]h (ama Tunit),&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrian&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Isaac |title=Names and Their Histories: A Handbook of Historical Geography and Topographical Nomenclature |publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC |year=2008 |page=281 |isbn=978-0-559-29668-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Tynes.&lt;ref name=&quot;ej-brill&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Houtsma |first=Martijn Theodoor |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 |publisher=Brill |year=1987 |page=838 |isbn=978-90-04-08265-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hann-war&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=[[Ab urbe condita (Livy)|History of Rome]]|volume=Hannibal's War: Books Twenty-one to Thirty |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |page=705 |isbn=978-0-19-283159-0 |author=[[Livy]] |editor1-first=John |editor1-last=Yardley |editor2-last=Hoyos |editor2-first=Dexter |name-list-style=amp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Erayga ka dhashay Fransiiska ee {{lang|fr|Tunisie}} waxaa lagu qaatay joogitaanka luqadaha Yurub qaarkood iyadoo isbeddel yar lagu sameeyay, iyadoo la keenay magac gooni ah oo loo bixiyay dalka. Luqadaha kale waxay magaca uga tageen sidii uu ahaa, sida [[Af-Ruush|Ruushka]] {{lang|ru|Туни́с}} ({{transliteration|ru|Tunís}}) iyo [[Af-Isbaanish|Isbaanishka]] {{lang|es|Túnez}}. Xaaladdan, magaca isku midka ah ayaa loo adeegsadaa dalka iyo magaaladaba, sida [[Af-Carabi|Carabiga]] {{lang|ar|تونس|rtl=yes}}, waxaana kaliya oo lagu kala garan karaa macnaha qoraalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrian&quot; /&gt;

Ingiriiska dhexdiisa, Tunisiya ka hor madax-bannaanida waxaa sidoo jiid badanaa loogu yeeri jiray si fudud &quot;Tunis&quot;, magacaas oo sii jiray ilaa 1940-meeyadii;{{efn|''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' waxay u qornayd &quot;TUNIS, Regency of, formerly one of the Barbary states of north Africa, but since 1881 a dependency of France,...&quot; daabacaadeedii sagaaad ee 1875–1889,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB9|wstitle=Tunis, Regency of|volume=XXIII|page=619}}&lt;/ref&gt; laakiin kabaalkii 1902–1903 (daabacaadda tobnaad) iyo daabacaadeedii caanka ahayd ee kow iyo tobnaad (oo u qornayd &quot;TUNISIA (Regency of Tunis), a country of North Africa, under the protection of France,...&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Tunisia|volume=XXVII|page=393}}&lt;/ref&gt;).

Daabacaadihii ''[[New International Encyclopedia]]'' ee 1905 iyo 1916 waxay u qornaayeen &quot;TUNIS (Fr. ''Tunisie''). A French protectorate in North Africa.&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The New International Encyclopædia|volume=XIX|entry=Tunis|entry-url=https://archive.org/details/newinternational19gilm/page/535/mode/1up|publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company|date=1905|page=535}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The New International Encyclopædia|volume=XXII|entry=Tunis|entry-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101064517301&amp;seq=617|publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company|date=1916|page=545}}&lt;/ref&gt; halka kabaalkii 1928 uu u qornaa &quot;TUNIS or {{Smallcaps|Tunisia}}. A French protectorate in North Africa...&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The New International Encyclopædia|volume=XXV|entry=Tunis|entry-url=https://archive.org/details/newinternational008261mbp/page/n454/mode/1up|publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company|date=1928|page=1311}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} iyadoo uu jiro saamaynta Fransiiska, erayga cusub ee &quot;Tunisia&quot;, oo laga soo qaatay ''Tunisie'', ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u hirgalay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adrian&quot; /&gt; Sifada &quot;Tunisian&quot; waxay markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqatay Ingiriiska sanadkii 1825;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite OED2|term=Tunisian|volume=18|page=674|isbn=0-19-861230-3|url=https://archive.org/details/OXD1989ENEN/18%20-%20Oxford%20English%20Dictionary%20%281989%29/page/674/mode/1up}}&lt;/ref&gt; qaabkii sifaale ee ka horreeyay wuxuu ahaa &quot;Tunisine&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite OED2|term=Tunisine|volume=18|page=674|isbn=0-19-861230-3|url=https://archive.org/details/OXD1989ENEN/18%20-%20Oxford%20English%20Dictionary%20%281989%29/page/674/mode/1up}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Burkina Faso</title>
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      <text bytes="8793" sha1="1e4zpkzu5e10mcpz0l0pzbjl8yhh0f8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Burkina Faso
|image_flag = Flag of Burkina Faso.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Burkina Faso.svg
|national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|&quot;Unité–Progrès–Justice&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|&quot;Unity–Progress–Justice&quot;}}
|national_anthem = {{nowrap|{{native phrase|fr|[[Une Seule Nuit]] / Ditanyè|nolink=yes}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|''One Single Night / Hymn of Victory''}}}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt; &lt;/center&gt;
|image_map = Location Burkina Faso AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=[[cirdhow]] |region=[[Afrika]] |region_color=cowlaan |subregion=[[Midowga Afrika]] |subregion_color=[[cirdhow]] khafiif |legend=Location Burkina Faso AU Africa.svg}}
|official_languages = [[Faransiiska|Af Faransiis]]
|regional_languages = Mòoré&lt;br /&gt;Mandinka&lt;br /&gt;Bambara
|demonym = {{hlist |Burkinabé |Burkinabè |Burkinabe}}
|ethnic_groups =
 {{vunblist
 | 47.9% Mossi
 | 10.3% Fulani
 | 6.9% Lobi
 | 6.9% Bobo
 | 6.7% Mandé
 | 5.3% Senufo
 | 5.0% Gurunsi
 | 4.8% Gurma
 | 3.1% Tuareg
 }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 1995
|capital = [[Ouagadougou]]
|latd=12 |latm=20 |latNS=N |longd=1 |longm=40 |longEW=W
|largest_city = capital
|religion = &lt;!-- See Religion section --&gt;
|government_type = [[Madaxweyne]] [[Jamhuuriyad]]
|leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]]
|leader_name1 = Ibraahiim Traauworeey
|leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]]
|leader_name2 = 
|sovereignty_type = [[Xoriyad]]
|established_event1 = ka qaatey [[Faransiiska]]
|established_date1 = 5&amp;nbsp;Ogosto 1960
|area_km2 = 274,200
|area_sq_mi = 105,869 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|area_rank = 74aad
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|percent_water = 0.146%
|population_estimate = 17,322,796&lt;ref name=&quot;INSD&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.insd.bf/fr/ |title=Burkina Faso population projection |work=insd.bf |year=2014 |accessdate=1 October 2014 |language=fr |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901021928/http://www.insd.bf/fr/ |archivedate=1 September 2014 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_estimate_year = 2014
|population_estimate_rank = 61aad
|population_census = 14,017,262
|population_census_year = 2006
|population_density_km2 = 57.4
|population_density_sq_mi = 148.9 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 145aad
|GDP_PPP_year = 2014
|GDP_PPP = $28&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=25&amp;pr.y=9&amp;sy=2014&amp;ey=2014&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=748&amp;s=PPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Burkina Faso |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=1 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita =&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF database 2018&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal = $17.000 Billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF database 2018&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 
| GDP_nominal_rank = 
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = &lt;ref name=&quot;IMF database 2018&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_PPP_rank = 
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = &lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
|GDP_nominal = $13&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf1&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=38&amp;pr.y=14&amp;sy=2014&amp;ey=2014&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=748&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Burkina Faso |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=1 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2014
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $790&lt;ref name=imf1/&gt;
|HDI_year = 2014 &lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --&gt;
|HDI_change = increase &lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt;
|HDI = 0.402 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report|date=2014 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 183rd
|Gini_year = 2007
|Gini_change = &lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt;
|Gini = 39.5 &lt;!-- number only --&gt;
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |title=Distribution of family income – Gini index |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=1 September 2009 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=13 Bisha Lixaad 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005439/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank = 
|currency = [[West African CFA franc]]&lt;ref&gt;CFA Franc BCEAO. Codes: XOF / 952 [http://www.currency-iso.org/dam/downloads/table_a1.xml ISO 4217 currency names and code elements] {{Wayback|url=http://www.currency-iso.org/dam/downloads/table_a1.xml |date=20140407090907 }}. ISO.&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency_code = XOF
|time_zone = [[GMT]]
|utc_offset = +0
|time_zone_DST = not observed
|utc_offset_DST = +0
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+226]]
|cctld = [[.bf]]
|iso3166code = BF
|footnotes = Macluumaadka halkan ku qoran waa qiyaaso la sameeyay sanadkii 2005-ta taasi oo ay soo qaban-qaabisay ururka International Monetary Fund.
}}
'''Burkina Faso''' waa wadan ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]], waxaa ku hareeraysan lix wadan oo kala ah [[Maali]] oo woqooyi ka ah, [[nayjar]] oo bari ka xigta, [[Benin]] koofur bari, [[Togo]] iyo [[Gaana]] koonfur, iyo [[ivory coast]] oo koonfur galbeed, waxay ka mid tahay wadamada dhaca [[Lamadegaanka Saxara|saxaraha wayn]] ee Afrika, caasimada wadanka waa [[Ouagadougou|'''Ouagadougou''']], 2014 tirikoobkii la sameeyay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 17.3 milyan oo qof, baaxada wadanku waa  274,200 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
[[File:Assemblee_Nationale_Burkina_Faso.jpg|thumb|right|400px]]
[[File:OUAGADOUGOU3.JPG|thumb|right|400px|]]
[[File:Air_Burkina_2012.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]]

Burkina Faso (UK: / bɜːrˌkiːnə fæsoʊ /, US: / fɑːsoʊ / (ku saabsan codkani wuxuu dhagaystaa); [7] Faransiis: [buʁkina faso]) waa waddan baddan oo ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika. Waxay ka kooban tahay agagaarka qiyaastii 274,200 oo kiilomitir oo isku-wareeg ah (105,900 sq mi) waxaana ku wareegsan lix wadan: Mali ilaa waqooyiga; Niger ilaa bari; Benin ilaa koonfur; Togo iyo Ghana ilaa koonfurta; iyo Ivory Coast ilaa koonfur galbeed. Caasimadiisa waa Ouagadougou. Sanadkii 2017, dadkeeda waxaa lagu qiyaasey in ka badan 20 milyan. [2] Burkina Faso waa dal Faransiis ah, oo Faransiis ah luqadda rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo ganacsiga. Horaantii loo yaqaanay Jamhuuriyadda Upper Volta (1958-1984), waddanka waxaa lagu magacaabay &quot;Burkina Faso&quot; 4tii Agoosto 1984, ka dibna Madaxweynaha Thomas Sankara. Muwaadiniinteeda waxaa loo yaqaan 'Burkinabé' (b.
Qaybta waqooyi-galbeed ee maanta ee Burkina Faso waxaa ku yaalley dadkii ugaadhsiga ahaa ee ka yimid 14000 BC ilaa 5000 BC. Laga soo bilaabo 3aad ilaa qarnigii 13aad, dhaqan dhaqameedka Daarta Bura wuxuu ku sugnaa dhulka xaadirka ah ee koonfur bari Burkina Faso iyo koonfur galbeedka Niger. Kooxaha jinsiyadaha kala duwan ee Burkina Faso, sida Mossi, Fula iyo Dyula, waxay yimaadeen mawjado isdaba jooga inta u dhaxaysa qarniyadii 8aad iyo 15aad. Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 11aad, dadka Mossi waxay aasaaseen boqortooyooyin kala duwan. 1890-kii, intii lagu gudajiray Dhaqaalaha Yurub ee Afrika, dhulkii Burkina Faso waxaa ku soo duulay Faransiis, koontoroolkii gumeysiga waxaa la aasaasay ka dib dagaalkii u dhaxeeyay 1896 ilaa 1904. Goobtaas waxaa lagu sameeyey Faransiiska Galbeedka Africa 1904, Gobollada Faransiiska ee Upper Volta ayaa la aasaasay 1dii Maarso 1919. Goobta waxaa loo magacaabay meesha ay ku taala koorsooyinka sare ee Waddanka Volta (Black, Red iyo White Volta).
Jamhuuriyadda Upper Volta ayaa la dhisay 11kii Disembar 1958 iyada oo loo doortay guddi isku-xukun ah oo dhexmara Jaaliyadda Faransiiska, 5-Agoosto 1960-kii waxay heleen xorriyad buuxda, iyadoo Maurice Yaméogo yahay madaxweyne. Ka dib markii ay ka soo horjeedeen ardayda iyo ururada shaqaale, Yaméogo waxaa laga saaray 1966kii oo kufsi ah, oo ay hogaaminaysay Sangoulé Lamizana, kaasoo noqday madaxweyne. Xukunkiisu wuxuu la mid yahay abaaraha iyo macaluusha, iyo dhibaatooyinka ka soo haya ururada dhaqaalaha ee awoodda leh ee waddanku ka soo jeeday 1980-kii, oo uu hogaaminayey Saye Zerbo. Isagoo ka hadlaaya iska caabbinta ururada shaqaalaha mar labaad, xukuumadda Zerbo ayaa la afgembiyay sanadkii 1982-kii, oo ay hogaaminaysay Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo.

dhaqaalaha wadanka ayaa ku tiirsan wax soo saarka beeraha, wuxuu soo saaraa suufka, digirta, galleyda, dhinaca xoolaha lo'da iyoa ariga,

==Xubin==
* [[Ecowas]] *
* [[Midowga Afrika]] * * *

* [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * *

==Waddamnaha La Degaan Burkina Faso==

* {{Flag|Mali}}: 25,000+

* {{Flag|Ivory Coast}} 120,500+.:

* {{Flag|Senegal}} 21,500+.:

* {{Flag|Gambia}}: 21,000+:.

==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}


{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maali</title>
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      <text bytes="23835" sha1="cmbnt92wjkofszsy1s4z19n2fp7a5a1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Mali
| native_name            = {{small|{{name in various languages
| name = {{nobold|''(luqadaha rasmiga ah)''}}
| bm = {{lang|bm|ߡߊ߬ߟߌ ߞߊ ߝߊߛߏߖߊߡߊߣߊ}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/NkoOfficiel |title=Académie N'Ko Mali ߡߊ߰ߟߌ ߒߞߏ ߟߏ߲ߞߏ߫ ߘߎ߲ߓߎ |website=Twitter.com |author=Académie N’Ko Mali |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514112858/https://twitter.com/NkoOfficiel|archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2024 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{transliteration|bm|Mali ka Fasojamana}}
| mey = {{lang|mey|جُمْهُورِيَّةْ مَالِي }}&lt;br/&gt;{{transliteration|mey|Jumhūriyet Māli}}
| ff = {{lang|ff|𞤈𞤫𞤨𞤵𞤦𞤤𞤭𞤳 𞤦𞤵 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭}}&lt;br/&gt;{{transliteration|ff|Republik bu Maali}}
| snk = {{lang|snk|Mali Jamaane}}
| taq =  {{lang|taq|ⵜⴰ隔ⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ}}&lt;br/&gt;{{transliteration|taq|Tagduda n Mali}}
| ses  = {{lang|ses|Mali Laamaa}}
}}}}
| common_name            = Mali
| image_flag             = Flag of Mali.svg
| image_coat             = National coat of arms of Mali.svg
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File: Mali (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Muuji golaha|upright=1.15|default=1}}
| map_caption            = 
| image_map2             = 
| national_motto         = {{native phrase|fr|&quot;Un peuple, un but, une foi&quot;|italics=off|nolink=on}}&lt;br/&gt;{{native phrase|bm|&quot;Mɔgɔ kelen, laɲini kelen, dannaya kelen&quot;}}&lt;br/&gt;&quot;Hal shacab, hal hadaf, hal rumayn&quot;
| national_anthem        = {{native name|fr|&quot;[[Le Mali]]&quot;|italic=no|nolink=on}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Malian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]}}
| official_languages     = {{nowrap|'''13 luqadood oo qaran'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Lingua 2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf |title=JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2023-0401/PT-RM DU 22 JUILLET 2023 PORTANT PROMULGATION DE LA CONSTITUTION |date=22 July 2023 |website=sgg-mali.ml |access-date=26 July 2023 |quote=Article 31 : Les langues nationales sont les langues officielles du Mali. |trans-quote=Article 31: The national languages are the official languages of Mali. |lang=fr |archive-date=8 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808203503/https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LangNat&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2017/mali-jo-2017-39.pdf |title=JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2017-0735/P-RM DU 21 AOUT 2017 FIXANT L'ORGANISATION ET LES MODALITES DE FONCTIONNEMENT DES STRUCTURES DE L'EDUCATION NON FORMELLE |date=21 August 2017 |website=sgg-mali.ml |access-date=21 October 2023 |quote=Selon la Loi n°96- 049 du 23 août 1996, les langues nationales du Mali sont : (...) |trans-quote=According to Law No. 96-049 of 23 August 1996, the national languages of Mali are: (...) |lang=fr |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803235822/https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2017/mali-jo-2017-39.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
{{plainlist| 
* Bambara
* Bobo
* Carabiga Xasanaaniya
* Bozo
* Dogon, Toro So
* Fula
* Kassonke
* Maninke
* Minyanka
* Senufo, Senara
* Songhay, Koyraboro Senni
* Soninke
* Tamasheq
}}
| languages_type         = Luqadaha lagaga hadlo
| languages              = {{hlist|Bambara{{efn|Bambara waxay u adeegtaa sidii lingua franca oo ay ku hadlaan ku dhawaad 80% dadka dalka.&lt;ref name=p6/&gt;}}|Fula|Carabi|Soninke|Songhay|Mandinka|Minyanka|Tamasheq|Senufo|Bobo|Bozo|Kassonke|Samogo|Dafing|Dogon}}
| languages2_type        = Luqadda shaqada
| languages2             = {{unbulleted list|Faransiis (''de facto'')&lt;ref name=&quot;French&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf |title=JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2023-0401/PT-RM DU 22 JUILLET 2023 PORTANT PROMULGATION DE LA CONSTITUTION |date=22 July 2023 |website=sgg-mali.ml |access-date=26 July 2023 |quote=Article 31 : Le français est la langue de travail. L’Etat peut adopter toute autre langue comme langue de travail. |trans-quote=Article 31: French is the working language. The State may adopt any other language as its working language. |lang=fr |archive-date=8 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808203503/https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| ethnic_groups_year     = Tiriya weynta 2022
| religion               = {{ubl
 | 96.4% Islaam
 | 2.3% Masiixiyad
 | 0.7% Diimaha hiddaha ah ee Afrika
 | 0.5% Diin la'aan
 | 0.1% Diimaha kale
}}
| religion_year          = Tiriya weynta 2022
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;2022census&quot; /&gt;
| demonym                = Reer Mali
| ethnic_groups          = {{unbulleted list
 | 35.9% Bambara
 | 12.8% Fula
 | 9.4% Senufo
 | 8.4% Malinke
 | 8.2% Soninke
 | 6.1% Dogon
 | 4.8% Songhai
 | 3.9% Tuareg
 | 2.2% Bobo / Bwa
 | 10.5% Kuwa kale}}
| ethnic_groups_ref      = &lt;ref name=&quot;2022census&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Institut National de la Statistique (INSTAT) |title=CINQUIEME RECENSEMENT GENERAL DE LA POPULATION ET DE L’HABITAT (RGPH5) |url=https://www.instat-mali.org/laravel-filemanager/files/shares/rgph/rapport-etat-structure-population-rgph5-rgph.pdf |access-date=8 June 2026 |date=December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| capital                = Bamako
| coordinates            = {{Coord|12|39|N|8|0|W|type:city}}
| largest_city           = Bamako
| government_type        = Jamhuuriyad madaxtooyo oo midaysan oo hoos timaada koox milatari ah&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Booty |first1=Natasha |last2=Pivac |first2=Mark |title=Assimi Goïta: President gets sweeping powers in new Mali constitution |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66282417 |access-date=4 August 2023 |work=BBC News |date=23 July 2023 |archive-date=2 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802043804/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66282417 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1          = Madaxweyne
| leader_name1           = Assimi Goïta
| leader_title2          = Ra'iisul Wasaare
| leader_name2           = Abdoulaye Maïga (ku-meel-gaar)
| legislature            = Golaha Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Qaranka
| area_rank              = 23aad
| area_km2               = 1,240,192
| area_footnote          = &lt;ref name=&quot;bbc_com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Mali country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13881370 |website=BBC News |access-date=17 October 2023 |date=19 October 2023 |archive-date=11 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911075500/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13881370 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_sq_mi             = 478,839
| percent_water          = 1.6
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 25,200,000&lt;ref name=&quot;populationest&quot; /&gt;
| population_census      = 22,395,489&lt;ref name=&quot;2022census&quot; /&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2025
| population_estimate_rank = 61aad
| population_census_year = 2022
| population_density_km2 = 18
| population_density_sq_mi = 30.3
| population_density_rank = 215aad
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $72.74 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ML&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/MLI |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 Edition. (Mali) |publisher=International Monetary Fund |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=6 September 2025 |archive-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017204907/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=678,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2028&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 115aad
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $2,930&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ML&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 173ad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $23.21 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ML&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 121aad
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $936 &lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.ML&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 175ad
| sovereignty_type       = Aasaaskii
| established_event1     = Aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Suudaan
| established_date1      = 24 November 1958
| established_event2     = Ku biiristii Senegal si loo abuuro Federaalka Mali
| established_date2      = 4 April 1959
| established_event3     = Madaxbannaanidii ay ka qaadatay Faransiiska
| established_date3      = 20 June 1960
| established_event4     = Kala diristii Federaalka Mali
| established_date4      = 20 August 1960
| established_event5     = Ku dhawaaqistii Jamhuuriyadda Mali
| established_date5      = 22 September 1960
| Gini_year              = 2021
| Gini_change            = hoos u dhac
| Gini                   = 35.7
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=13 June 2026 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208203439/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI_year               = 2023
| HDI_change             = kor u kac
| HDI                    = 0.419
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= 6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024|url= https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/MLI|access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 188aad
| currency               = Frankiga CFA ee Galbeedka Afrika
| currency_code          = XOF
| utc_offset             = ±00:00
| time_zone              = Wakhtiga Greenwich
| calling_code           = +223
| cctld                  = [[.ml]]
| today                  = 
}}

'''Mali''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Mali.ogg|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|i}}; {{IPA|bm|ma.li}}&lt;br/&gt;{{bulleted list|Farta N'Ko: {{lang|bm-nkoo|ߡߊߟߌ}}|{{langx|ff|𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭|italics=no}}|{{langx|ar|مالي}}}}}} si rasmi ahna loo yidhaahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Mali''',{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|bm|Mali ka Fasojamana}}, {{small|Farta N'Ko:}} {{lang|bm-nkoo|ߡߊ߬ߟߌ ߞߊ ߝߊߛߏߖߊߡߊߣߊ}}|{{langx|ff|𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭|Renndaandi Maali|italics=no}}|{{langx|ar|جمهورية مالي|Jumhūriyyāt Mālī}}}}}} waa dal aan bad lahayn oo ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika. Waa dalka siddeedaad ee ugu weyn Afrika iyo dalka 23aad ee ugu weyn adduunka, isagoo leh baaxad dhul oo gaadhaysa 1,240,192 kiilomitir oo laba jibaaran.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc_com&quot; /&gt;

Dalku wuxuu waqooyiga xuduud la leedahay Aljeeriya, bariga Nayjer, waqooyi-galbeed Mauritaniya, koonfurta Burkina Faso iyo Xeebta Fool-maroodiga (Ivory Coast), galbeedkana Guinea iyo Senegal. Dadka ku nool Mali waa qiyaastii 25.20 milyan,&lt;ref name=&quot;populationest&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mali Population |url=https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/ML|date=2025|website=United Nations Population Fund}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo 47.19% ka mid ah la qiyaasay inay ka yar yihiin da'da 15 sanno marka la gaadhay 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indexmundi.com/mali/age_structure.html |title=Index Mundi using CIA World Factbook statistics, January 20, 2018, retrieved April 13, 2019 |access-date=14 April 2019 |archive-date=21 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221011240/https://www.indexmundi.com/mali/age_structure.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caasimaddeeda iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Bamako. Luqadda Faransiiska waxay ahayd luqadda rasmiga ah ee Mali ilaa 2022, markaasoo lagu beddelay 13 luqadood oo Afrikaan ah, iyadoo luqadda Bambara ay tahay luqadda koowaad ee inta badan dadka dalkaas deggan.&lt;ref name=&quot;p6&quot; /&gt;

Xuduudaha waqooyi ee Mali waxay aad ugu qoto dheer yihiin dhexda Saxaraha Weyn. Qaybta koonfureed ee dalka, oo ay ku nool yihiin inta badan dadka deegaanka, waxay ku taal fidsanaanta savanna-da Suudaan, waxaana dhex mara webiyada Niger iyo Senegal. Dhaqaalaha dalku wuxuu ku dhowyahay beeraha iyo macdanta, iyadoo khayraadkeeda dabiiciga ah ee ugu caansan uu ka mid yahay dahabka, oo ka dhigan 80% waxyaabaha ay dibadda u dhoofiso, iyo suufka. Mali waa mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu saboolka ah uguna hooseeya horumarka adduunka.&lt;ref name=&quot;ITA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UNCTAD&quot; /&gt;

Mali waxay qayb ka ahayd saddex boqortooyo oo isku xigay oo xoog weyn iyo hanti lahaa kuwaas oo xukumayay ganacsiga ka gudba Saxaraha: Boqortooyadii Ghana (oo dalka Ghana loogu magac daray), Boqortooyadii Mali (oo dalka Mali loogu magac daray), iyo Boqortooyadii Songhai. Markii ay ugu sarreysay sannadkii 1300, Boqortooyadii Mali waxay ahayd dalka ugu hantida badnaa Afrika&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 April 2020 |title=Mansa Musa (Musa I of Mali) |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/mansa-musa-musa-i-mali/ |access-date=16 March 2022 |website=National Geographic Society |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702005708/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/mansa-musa-musa-i-mali/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo boqorkeedii qarnigii 14aad Mansa Musa la rumeysan yahay inuu ahaa mid ka mid ah shaqsiyaadka ugu hodansan taariikhda adduunka.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.blackpast.org/gah/mali-empire-ca-1200 Mali Empire (ca. 1200-) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105194944/https://blackpast.org/gah/mali-empire-ca-1200 |date=5 January 2019 }}. The Black Past. Retrieved 8 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=10 March 2019 |title=Is Mansa Musa the richest man who ever lived? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47379458 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310072937/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47379458 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Who is the richest person of all time? |url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/news/people/954992/who-is-the-richest-person-of-all-time |access-date=16 March 2022 |website=The Week UK |date=December 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316215840/https://www.theweek.co.uk/news/people/954992/who-is-the-richest-person-of-all-time |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Marka laga soo tago inay ahayd xarun ganacsi iyo mid macdan qodis, Mali-dii waqtiyadii dhexe waxay ahayd xarun Islaamka, dhaqanka iyo aqoonta, iyadoo Timbuktu ay noqotay meel caan ku ah waxbarashada iyadoo lahayd jaamacaddeeda, oo ah mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu faca weyn adduunka isla markaana weli shaqaysa. Boqortooyadii sii fidsaysay ee Songhai ayaa la wareegtay boqortooyadii 1468, waxaana ku xigay ciidankii Saadiyiinta oo ka adkaaday Songhai 1591.

Dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad, intii lagu jiray Loolankii Afrika, Faransiisku wuxuu la wareegay maamulka Mali, wuxuuna ka dhigay qayb ka mid ah Suudaantii Faransiiska; iyadoo ah Jamhuuriyadda Suudaan, federaal kooban oo ay la gashay Senegal ayaa la aasaasay, kaas oo xorriyadda qaatay 1660. Ka dib ka bixitaankii Senegal, Jamhuuriyadda Mali ayaa la aasaasay. Ka dib muddo dheer oo uu jiray xukun hal xisbi ah, afgambi dhacay 1991 wuxuu horseeday constitution cusub iyo in Mali laga dhigo dal dimuqraadi ah oo nidaamka xisbiyada badan leh. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay ilaa 2012, Mali waxay la kulantay koritaan dhaqaale iyo xorriyadaha madaniga ah oo kordhay, inkastoo tani ay bilaabay inay dib u dhacdo ka dib 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |first=Priyanka |last=Shankar |title=Timeline: How Mali went from democracy beacon to instability |date=27 April 2026 |access-date=27 April 2026 |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/27/timeline-how-mali-went-from-democracy-beacon-to-instability }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tan iyo madaxbannaanidii, waxaa jiray afar kacdoon oo ay ku lug lahaayeen dadka Tuareg-ka, kuwaas oo dhacay 1962 ilaa 1964, 1990 ilaa 1995, 2007 ilaa 2009, iyo tan iyo 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |first1=Pezard |last1=Stephanie |first2=Michael |last2=Shurkin |title=Achieving Peace in Northern Mali: Past Agreements, Local Conflicts, and the Prospects for a Durable Settlement |work=RAND Corporation |date=2015 |access-date=26 April 2026 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt15zc57q }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bishii Janaayo 2012, iskahorimaad hubeysan ayaa ka qarxay waqooyiga Mali, kaas oo jabhadaha Tuareg-ka ay kula wareegeen dhul ku yaal waqooyiga, bishii Abriilna waxay ku dhawaaqeen goosashada dawlad cusub oo la yidhaahdo Azawad.&lt;ref&gt;Polgreen, Lydia and Cowell, Alan (6 April 2012) [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/world/africa/mali-rebels-proclaim-independent-state-in-north.html?_r=1&amp;adxnnl=1&amp;adxnnlx=1333728086-ZXpwSz3KFqUnA4lteq4j4w &quot;Mali Rebels Proclaim Independent State in North&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728182302/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/world/africa/mali-rebels-proclaim-independent-state-in-north.html?_r=1&amp;adxnnl=1&amp;adxnnlx=1333728086-ZXpwSz3KFqUnA4lteq4j4w |date=28 July 2020 }}, ''The New York Times''&lt;/ref&gt; Iskahorimaadka waxaa sii murgiyay afgambi milatari bishii Maarso 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph.co.uk&quot;&gt;[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9161930/UN-Security-council-condemns-Mali-coup.html UN Security Council condemns Mali coup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128100600/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9161930/UN-Security-council-condemns-Mali-coup.html |date=28 November 2020 }}. Telegraph (23 March 2012). Retrieved 24 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; iyo dagaalo dambe oo dhexmaray Tuareg iyo kooxaha kale ee mucaaradka ah. Si looga jawaabo dhulalka la qabsaday, milatariga Faransiisku wuxuu bilaabay Hawlgalkii Serval bishii Janaayo 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2013/01/12/la-france-demande-une-acceleration-de-la-mise-en-place-de-la-force-internationale-au-mali_1816033_3212.html |title=Mali – la France a mené une série de raids contre les islamistes |date=12 January 2013 |work=Le Monde |access-date=13 January 2013 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020023450/http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2013/01/12/la-france-demande-une-acceleration-de-la-mise-en-place-de-la-force-internationale-au-mali_1816033_3212.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bil ka dib, ciidamada Mali iyo kuwa Faransiiska waxay qayb ahaan dib u qabsadeen waqooyiga, inkastoo iskahorimaadku uu sii socday.&lt;ref name=&quot;BTI-2026&quot; /&gt;

Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta ayaa loo doortay madaxweyne sannadkii 2013, laakiin eedaymo ku saabsan khiyaano intii lagu jiray doorashadii baarlamaanka ee 2020 waxay keentay dibad-baxyo ballaaran. Keïta waxaa xukunka looga tuuray afgambi uu hoggaaminayay Assimi Goïta, iasgoo isku dhisay inuu yahay taliyaha milatariga ee Mali ka dib afgambi kale oo dhacay 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;BTI-2026&quot; /&gt; Sannadkii 2025, dhammaan xisbiyada siyaasadda waa la kala diray waxaana Goïta la siiyay muddo madaxtooyo oo shan sanno ah, oo dib loo cusboonaysiin karo doorasho la'aan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ewokor |first=Chris |date=4 July 2025 |title=Assimi Goïta: Mali military leader granted five-year term in power |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9qxnxxzde8o |access-date=17 August 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isbahaysiga JNIM ee xiriirka la leh Al-Qaacida ayaa cunaqabatayn shidaal ku soo rogay magaalooyinka waaweyn, taas oo keentay carqalad dhaqaale,&lt;ref name=&quot;ISW-100925&quot; /&gt; sannadkii 2026-na waxay weerar wadajir ah la qaadeen gooni-goosadka Tuareg-ka.&lt;ref name=&quot;AP-26042026&quot; /&gt;

== Asalka magaca==
Magaca ''Mali'' waxaa laga qaatay magaca Boqortooyadii Mali. Waxaa loola jeedaa &quot;meesha uu boqorku ku nool yahay&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u5HnAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA7|title=Discovering the Empire of Mali|last=Wolny|first=Philip|date=15 December 2013|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=9781477718896|page=7|access-date=24 August 2020|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416180418/https://books.google.com/books?id=u5HnAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA7|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna xambaarsan yahay macnaha xoogga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/educationalsyste0000sasn|url-access=registration|title=Educational Systems of Africa: Interpretations for Use in the Evaluation of Academic Credentials|last1=Sasnett|first1=Martena Tenney|last2=Sepmeyer|first2=Inez Hopkins|date=1 January 1967|publisher=University of California Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/educationalsyste0000sasn/page/673 673]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Socdaalihii reer Maghreb ee qarnigii afar iyo tobnaad Ibn Battuta wuxuu sheegay in caasimadda boqortooyada loogu yeeri jiray Mali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zf6xAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA231|title=Historical Dictionary of Mali|last1=Imperato|first1=Pascal James|last2=Imperato|first2=Gavin H.|date=25 April 2008|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810864023|page=231|access-date=24 August 2020|archive-date=27 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827043448/https://books.google.com/books?id=zf6xAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA231|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Niane, Djibril (1965). ''Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali''.&lt;/ref&gt; Mid ka mid ah hiddaha dadka Mandinka ayaa sheegaya in boqorkii ugu horreeyay ee halyeeyga ahaa Sundiata Keita uu isku beddelay jeer (hippopotamus) markii uu ku dhintay Webiga Sankarani iyo in ay suurtogal ahayd in deegaanka webigan laga helo tuulooyin loogu yeero &quot;Mali-dii hore&quot;. Daraasad lagu sameeyay maahmaahyada reer Mali ayaa lagu ogaaday in Mali-dii hore ay ku taal tuulo la yidhaahdo Malikoma, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;Mali Cusub&quot;, iyo in ''Mali'' ay markii hore ahaan kartay magaca magaalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/8845/1/A%20Study%20of%20Proverbs%20in%20Things%20Fall%20Apart%20and%20Sundiata%3B%20An%20Epic%20of%20Old%20Mali%20(Sundiata)%20-%202014.pdf|title=A STUDY OF PROVERBS IN THINGS FALL APART AND SUNDIATA: AN EPIC OF OLD MALI (SUNDIATA)|last=Aku Adjandeh|first=Evelyn|date=July 2014|publisher=University of Ghana, Legon – Institute of African Studies |page=100|access-date=19 March 2017|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320054429/http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/8845/1/A%20Study%20of%20Proverbs%20in%20Things%20Fall%20Apart%20and%20Sundiata%3B%20An%20Epic%20of%20Old%20Mali%20(Sundiata)%20-%202014.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aragti kale ayaa soo jeedinaysa in ''Mali'' ay tahay dhawaaqa luqadda Fula ee magaca dadka Mande.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LY5Lmc-To7cC&amp;pg=PA92|title=African Glory: The Story of Vanished Negro Civilizations|last=Graft-Johnson|first=John Coleman De|date=1 January 1986|publisher=Black Classic Press|isbn=9780933121034|page=92|access-date=24 August 2020|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416180445/https://books.google.com/books?id=LY5Lmc-To7cC&amp;pg=PA92|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0001fyle|url-access=registration|title=Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa|last=Fyle|first=C. Magbaily|date=1999|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=9780761814566|pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0001fyle/page/11 11]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa la soo jeediyay in isbeddelka dhawaaqyadu uu keenay isbeddelka, halkaas oo luqadda Fula dhexdeeda qaybta alveolar-ka /nd/ ay u isbeddesho /l/ oo shaqalka ugu dambeeya uu lumiyo dhawaqa sanka isla markaana uu kordho, taas oo keentay in &quot;Manden&quot; uu u isbeddelo /mali/.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
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      <text bytes="15734" sha1="mjl6qq2xomp3evwk4wzr6ikaqlaa4tt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Niger
| native_name            = {{native name|ha|Jamhuriyar Nijar}}
| common_name            = Niger
| image_flag             = Flag of Niger.svg
| flag_alt               = Saddex midab oo jiifa (oranji, caddaan, cagaar) oo leh goobo oranji ah bartamaha
| flag_size              = 100
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Niger.svg
| coa_size               = 110
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File: Niger (orthographic projection).svg||Muuji golaha|frameless]]Muuji khariidadda Afrika|default=1}}
| map_caption            = 
| image_map2             = 
| national_motto         = ''Fraternité, Travail, Progrès'' ([[French language|Faransiis]])&lt;br&gt;&quot;Walaalnimo, Shaqo, Horumar&quot;
| national_anthem        = {{native phrase|fr|[[L'Honneur de la Patrie]]|nolink=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Sharafka Dhulka Hooyo&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;{{center|[[File:THE HONOR OF THE FATHERLAND.ogg|Niger National Anthem The Honor of the Fatherland midi]]}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr/&gt;
| official_languages     = [[Hausa language|Hawsajis]]&lt;ref name=hausal/&gt;
| languages_type         = [[National language|Luqadaha qaranka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;axl.cefan.ulaval.ca&quot;&gt;[http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/niger-loi-2001-037-LNG.htm République du Niger, &quot;Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 décembre 2001 fixant les modalités de promotion et de développement des langues nationales.&quot; L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019123028/http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/niger-loi-2001-037-LNG.htm |date=19 October 2018 }} (accessed 21 September 2016)&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages              = {{flatlist|
* [[Arabic|Carabi]]
* [[Buduma language|Buduma]]
* [[Fula language|Fulfulde]]
* [[Gurma language|Gourmanchéma]]
* [[Kanuri language|Kanuri]]
* [[Songhoyboro Ciine|Songhai]]
* [[Tuareg languages|Tamasheq]]
* [[Tasawaq language|Tassawaq]]
* [[Tebu languages|Tebu]]
* [[Zarma language|Zarma]]
}}
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;census&quot;/&gt;
| religion_year          = 2012
| religion               = {{plainlist|
* 99.3% [[Islam in Niger|Islaam]]
* 0.3% [[Christianity in Niger|Masiixiyad]]
* 0.2% [[Animism|Anamiyad]]
* 0.1% [[irreligion|diin laawayaal]]
}}
| demonym                = Reer Niger&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nigerien|title=Nigerien – definition of Nigerien in English from the Oxford Dictionaries|access-date=1 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301230120/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nigerien|archive-date=1 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| capital                = [[Niamey]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|13|30|49|N|2|06|32|E|type:city_region:NE}}
| largest_city           = Niamey
| government_type        = Jamhuuriyad badh-madaxtooyo oo midaysan oo hoos timaada [[military junta|gole ciidan]]
| leader_title1          = [[President of Niger|Madaxweyne]] iyo [[National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland|Guddoomiyaha Golaha Qaranka ee Ilaalinta Dhulka Hooyo]]
| leader_name1           = [[Abdourahamane Tchiani]]
| leader_title2          = [[Vice President of Niger|Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka Golaha Qaranka ee Ilaalinta Dhulka Hooyo]]
| leader_name2           = [[Salifou Modi]]
| leader_title3          = [[Prime Minister of Niger|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]
| leader_name3           = [[Ali Lamine Zeine]]
| legislature            = [[National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland|Golaha Qaranka ee Ilaalinta Dhulka Hooyo]]
| area_rank              = 21aad
| area_km2               = 1,267,000
| area_sq_mi             = 489,678
| percent_water          = 0.02
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 26,342,784&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Niger|access-date=22 June 2023|year=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| population_estimate_rank = 56aad
| population_density_km2 = 21
| population_density_sq_mi = 54.
| population_density_rank = 204aad
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $61.040 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 128th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $2,100&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 176aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $21.870 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 123rd
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $751&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 181aad
| sovereignty_type       = [[History of Niger|Madaxbannaanida]]
| sovereignty_note       = ka qaadatay [[France|Faransiiska]]
| established_event1     = Ku dhawaaqistii Jamhuuriyadda
| established_date1      = 18 December 1958
| established_event2     = Laga dhawaaqay
| established_date2      = 3 August 1960
| established_event3     = [[2023 Nigerien coup d'état|Inqilaabkii 2023]]
| established_date3      = 26 July 2023
| established_event4     = Axdiga kumeelgaadhka ah ee 2025
| established_date4      = 26 March 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mamane |first1=Dalatou |title=Niger's junta leader cements his grip on power as he is sworn in as president |url=https://apnews.com/article/niger-president-e7763dca5a85e790eeaca43f39237c04 |access-date=5 April 2025 |work=[[Associated Press]] |date=26 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2021
| Gini_change            = hoos u dhac&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini                   = 32.9&lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ World Bank GINI index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |date=9 February 2015 }}, accessed on 21 January 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2023&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = kor u kac&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.419 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210204222738/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |url-status= dead |archive-date= 4 February 2021 |title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=25 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 188aad
| currency               = [[West African CFA franc|Faranka CFA ee Galbeedka Afrika]]
| currency_code          = XOF
| time_zone              = [[West Africa Time|WAT]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| time_zone_DST          = 
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| drives_on              = midig&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.brianlucas.ca/roadside/ Which side of the road do they drive on?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414073422/http://brianlucas.ca/roadside/ |date=14 April 2012 }} Brian Lucas. August 2005. Retrieved 28 January 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
| calling_code           = [[+227]]
| cctld                  = [[.ne]]
| footnote_a             = 
| ethnic_groups_ref      = &lt;ref name=&quot;CIA-2021-Niger&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Africa: Niger – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/#people-and-society|website=cia.gov|access-date=1 May 2021|date=27 April 2021|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032003/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/#people-and-society|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2006
| ethnic_groups          = {{plainlist|
* 53.1% [[Hausa people|Hausa]]
* 21.2% [[Zarma people|Zarma]] iyo [[Songhaiborai|Songhay]]
* 11.0% [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]]
* 6.5% [[Fula people|Fulani]]
* 5.9% [[Kanuri people|Kanuri]]
* 0.8% [[Gurma people|Gurma]]
* 0.4% [[Toubou people|Toubou]]
* 0.4% [[Diffa Arabs|Carab]]
* 0.9% [[Demographics of Niger#Ethnic groups|kuwa kale]]
}}
}}

'''Niger''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|n|iː|ˈ|ʒ|ɛər|,_|ˈ|n|aɪ|dʒ|ər}} {{respell|nee|ZHAIR|,_|NY|jər}},&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/07/how_do_you_pronounce_niger.html How Do You Pronounce &quot;Niger&quot;?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314184006/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/07/how_do_you_pronounce_niger.html|date=14 March 2012}} from [[Slate.com]], retrieved 4 March 2012&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Niger.&quot; ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Ed.'' 2003. Houghton Mifflin Company 22 February 2013 [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Niger thefreedictionary.com/Niger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512034128/http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Niger |date=12 May 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{IPA|fr|niʒɛʁ|lang}}; {{langx|ha|Nijar}}; {{langx|ar|النيجر}}; {{langx|ff|Niiser}}}} si rasmiga ahna loo yidhaahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Niger''',{{efn|{{langx|ha|Jamhuriyar Nijar}}; {{langx|fr|République du Niger}}}} waa [[landlocked country|dal bad xidhan]] oo ku yaal [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]]. Waa [[unitary state|dawlad midaysan]] oo ay xuduud la leedahay [[Libya]] dhanka [[Libya–Niger border|waqooyi-bari]], [[Chad]] dhanka [[Chad–Niger border|bari]], [[Nigeria]] dhanka [[Niger–Nigeria border|koonfur]], [[Benin]] iyo [[Burkina Faso]] dhanka [[Benin-Niger border|koonfur-galbeed]], [[Mali]] dhanka [[Mali–Niger border|galbeed]], iyo [[Algeria]] dhanka [[Algeria–Niger border|waqooyi-galbeed]]. Waxay ku fadhidaa baaxad dhul oo dhowr ah {{convert|1.27|e6km2|mi2|abbr=unit}}, taas oo ka dhigaysa dalka lixaad ee ugu weyn Afrika, dalka ugu weyn ee bad xidhan Galbeedka Afrika iyo dalka labaad ee ugu weyn ee bad xidhan guud ahaan Afrika marka laga reebo Chad. In ka badan 80% baaxadda dhulkeeda waxay ku taal [[Sahara|Saxaraha]]. Dadkeeda [[Islam in Niger|u badan masiixiyiinta/Muslimiinta]] oo qiyaastii ah {{million|{{UN_Population|Niger}}}}{{UN_Population|ref}} waxay u badan yihiin kuwa ku nool koox-koox dhanka koonfurta iyo galbeedka dalka. Caasimadda, [[Niamey]], waxay ku taal geeska koonfur-galbeed ee Niger iyada oo raacda wabiga magaca la wadaaga ee [[Niger River|Wabiga Niger]].

Ka dib fiditaankii Islaamka ee gobolka, Niger waxay ku taallay hareeraha qaar ka mid ah dawladaha, oo ay ku jiraan [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Boqortooyadii Kanem-Bornu]] iyo [[Mali Empire|Boqortooyadii Mali]] ka hor inta aan qaybo muhiim ah oo dhulkeeda ka mid ah lagu darin dawladaha u dambeeyay sida [[Sultanate of Agadez|Saldanaddii Agadez]] iyo [[Songhai Empire|Boqortooyadii Songhai]]. Waxaa gumeystay Faransiiska intii uu socday [[Scramble for Africa|U-tartankii Afrika]] qayb ka mid ah [[French West Africa|Afrikada Galbeed ee Faransiiska]], waxayna noqotay [[Colony of Niger|gumeysi gooni ah]] sannadkii 1922. Tan iyo markii ay qaadatay madaxbannaanida sannadkii 1960, Niger waxay la kulantay shan inqilaab iyo afar xilli oo [[military dictatorship|maamul ciidan]] ah. Dastuurka toddobaad iyo kan ugu dambeeyay ee Niger waxaa la meelmariyay sannadkii 2010, iyadoo la aasaasay nidaam xisbiyo badan leh, midaysan oo badh-madaxtooyo ah. Ka dib [[2023 Nigerien coup d'état|inqilaabkii u dambeeyay ee 2023]], dalka waxaa xukumayay [[National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland|Golaha Qaranka ee Ilaalinta Dhulka Hooyo]], oo ah gole ciidan.

[[Hausa people|Hausa]] waa kooxda qowmiyadeed ee ugu weyn dalka, iyagoo ka dhigan wax ka badan kala badh dadka dalka. [[Hausa language|Hawsajis]] waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee dalka iyo tan ugu hadalka badan; toban luqadood oo maxalli ah ayaa haysta heerka [[national language|luqadda qaranka]]. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixinta Qaramada Midoobay ee Cabirka Saboolnimada Dhinacyada Badan (MPI) ee sannadkii 2023, Niger waa mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu saboolsan adduunka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|author=United Nations|date=2023-07-11|title=2023 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)|url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/2023-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi|language=en|access-date=13 July 2023|archive-date=13 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713210119/https://hdr.undp.org/content/2023-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaybo ka mid ah dalka oo aan saxare ahayn ayaa la kulma abaaro xilliyeed iyo [[desertification|caro-guur/saxaroobid]]. [[Economy of Niger|Dhaqaaluhu]] wuxuu ku urursan yahay [[subsistence agriculture|beeralayda masruufka ah]], iyada oo ay jirto xoogaa beero dhoofin ah dhanka koonfurta oo aan aad u qallalayn, iyo dhoofinta [[raw material|alaabta ceeriin]], oo ay ku jirto [[uranium ore|macdanta yuuraaniyamka]]. Waxay wajahdaa caqabado xagga horumarka ah sababo la xiriira booskeeda bad xidhan, dhulka saxaraha ah, [[literacy rate|heerka akhris-qorista]] oo hooseeya, [[jihadist insurgency in Niger|kacdoonnada jihaadiga ah]], iyo [[fertility rate|heerka dhalmada]] oo sarreeya sababo la xiriira qorshaynta qoyska oo aan la isticmaalin iyo ka dhalashada [[population growth|koritaanka dadka]] oo degdeg ah.&lt;ref name=EconPop&gt;{{cite news|title=Population Explosion|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21612239-runaway-birth-rates-are-disaster-population-explosion|access-date=3 August 2015|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=16 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729151128/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21612239-runaway-birth-rates-are-disaster-population-explosion|archive-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asalka magaca==
Magacu wuxuu ka yimid [[Niger River|Wabiga Niger]] oo dhex mara galbeedka dalka. Asalka magaca wabiga lama hubo. Juqraafi-yaqaan reer Alexandria ah [[Ptolemy]] ayaa qoray sharraxaado ku saabsan [[wadi|tooga]] ''{{Lang|grc|Gir}}'' (ee ku dhow [[Algeria]]-da casriga ah) iyo {{Lang|grc|Ni-Gir}} {{Gloss|Gir-ta Hoose}} ee dhanka koonfurta, laga yaabaaba inuu u jeeday Wabiga Niger.&lt;ref name=&quot;jeffreys&quot;/&gt; Qoraalka casriga ah ee ''Niger'' waxaa markii ugu horreysay diwaangeliyay aqoon-yahan [[Berber people|Berber]] ah [[Leo Africanus]] sannadkii 1550,&lt;ref name=EB1911&gt;{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Niger|volume=19|page=676|first=Frank Richardson|last=Cana}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo laga yaabo inay ka tihiin odhaahda [[Tuareg language|Tuareg-ta]] ee ah {{Lang|tmh|(e)gărăw-n-gărăwăn}} oo macneheedu si toos ah u yahay {{Gloss|wabigii wabiyada}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Hunwick |first=John O. |author-link=John Hunwick |title=Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents |publisher=Brill |place=Leiden |orig-date=1999 |year=2003 |isbn=978-90-04-11207-0 |page=275 Fn 22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa jira isku-raac ballaran oo ka dhex jira khubarada luqadda in aanu ka soo jeedin ereyga Laatiinka ah ee {{Lang|la|niger}} {{Gloss|madow}} sidii markii ugu horreysay si khaldan loo aaminsanaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;jeffreys&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Jeffreys|first1=Mervyn David Waldegrave|title=Niger: Origins of the Word|journal=Cahiers d'Études africaines|date=1964|volume=4|issue=15|pages=443–451|doi=10.3406/cea.1964.3019|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1964_num_4_15_3019|access-date=11 August 2023|archive-date=11 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811194204/https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1964_num_4_15_3019|url-status=live|issn = 0008-0055}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku dhawaaqista rasmiga ah ee Ingiriisiga waa {{IPAc-en|n|iː|ˈ|ʒ|ɛər}}, halka qaar ka mid ah warbaahinta ku hadasha Ingiriisiga {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|dʒ|ər}} sidoo kale loo isticmaalo.
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Senegaal</title>
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      <text bytes="18984" sha1="pk11t5d98cexmaeocl7m5rr2wgff3vm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Senegaal
| native_name            = {{native name|fr|République du Sénégal}}
| common_name            = Senegal
| image_flag             = Flag of Senegal.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Senegal (official version).svg
| image_map              = Senegal (orthographic projection).svg
| map_caption            = {{map caption|location_color=dark green}}
| image_map2             = 
| national_motto         = {{native phrase|fr|&quot;Un peuple, un but, une foi&quot;|nolink=yes}}&lt;br/&gt;{{native phrase|wo|&quot;Benn Askan, Benn Jubluwaay, Benn Pas-Pas&quot;|nolink=yes}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Raaya ak bàkku Senegaal |trans-title=Calanka iyo halku-dhigga Senegal|url=https://www.presidence.sn/wo/presidence/le-drapeau-et-la-devise-du-senegal |lang=wo |publisher=[[President of Senegal|Presidency of Senegal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;({{langx|en|&quot;Hal Shacab, Hal Hadaf, Hal Caqiido&quot;}})
| national_anthem        = {{lang|fr|[[Le Lion rouge]]}}&lt;br /&gt;({{langx|en|&quot;Libaaxa Cas&quot;}}){{parabr}}{{center|[[File:National Anthem of Senegal.ogg]]}}
| official_languages     = [[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]
| languages_type         = [[Aqoonta luqadda|Luqadaha qaranka]]
| languages              = {{hlist|[[Af-Wolof|Wolof]]{{Efn|name=WolofStatus|Xogta laga helay Xarunta Daraasaadka Afrika ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania waxay qiyaasaysaa in qiyaastii 90% dadka u dhashay Senegal ay fahmaan ama ku hadlaan Wolof ahaan luqaddooda koowaad ama labaad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Studies Center{{!}} African Languages at Penn |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/afl/alwolof.htm |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=Center for African Studies at [[University of Pennsylvania]] |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129152750/https://www.africa.upenn.edu/afl/alwolof.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}|[[Af-Serer|Serer]]|[[Af-Diola|Diola]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Falola |first=Toyin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fhADwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Arabic+Status+in+Senegal&amp;pg=PT190 |title=Africanizing Knowledge: African Studies Across the Disciplines |date=30 November 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-32438-0 |pages=190 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;|[[Af-Pulaar|Pulaar]]|[[Af-Soninke|Soninke]]|[[Af-Mandinka|Mandinka]]{{Efn|name=SenegalNationalLangs|Qodobka 1-aad ee Dastuurka Senegal ee 2001, kaas oo dhigaya in luqadaha qaranka ay yihiin Diola, Malinké, Pular, Sérère, Soninké iyo Wolof.&lt;ref name=&quot;Languages&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senegal's Constitution of 2001 with Amendments through 2016 |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2016.pdf?lang=en |website=Constitute Project |language=en |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410075501/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2016.pdf?lang=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{ubl| 39.7% [[Wolof (qoomiyad)|Wolof]]
|27.5% [[Fula (qoomiyad)|Fula]]
|16.0% [[Serer (qoomiyad)|Serer]]
|4.9% [[Mandinka (qoomiyad)|Mandinka]]
|4.2% [[Jola (qoomiyad)|Jola]]
|2.4% [[Soninke (qoomiyad)|Soninke]]
|5.4% [[Qoomiyadaha kale ee Senegal|kuwa kale]]}}
| ethnic_groups_ref      = &lt;ref name=&quot;CIA Factbook&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Senegal |date=23 August 2022 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=23 January 2024 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143936/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2019
| religion               = {{ubl
| 89% [[Islaamka Senegal|Islaam]]
| 10% [[Masiixiyad]]
| 1% [[Diimaha Dhaqanka ee Afrika|Diimaha dhaqanka]]}}
| religion_year          = 2024
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Research&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pew Forum on Religion &amp; Public Life / Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/sub-saharan-africa-chapter-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518203729/https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/sub-saharan-africa-chapter-1.pdf |archive-date=May 18, 2025 |website=Pew Research}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym                = Senegalese
| capital                = [[Dakar]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|14|40|N|17|25|W|type:city}}
| largest_city           = caasimadda
| government_type        = Jamhuuriyad [[Nidaamka nus-madaxweynaha|nus-madaxweyne]] oo midaysan
| leader_title1          = [[Liiska Madaxweynayaasha Senegal|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1           = [[Bassirou Diomaye Faye]]
| leader_title2          = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Senegal|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]
| leader_name2           = [[Ahmadou Al Aminou Lo]]
| leader_title3          = [[Guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka ee Senegal|Guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka]]
| leader_name3           = [[Ousmane Sonko]]
| legislature            = [[Golaha Shacabka (Senegal)|Golaha Shacabka]]
| area_rank              = 86aad
| area_km2               = 196,722&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA Factbook&quot;/&gt;
| area_sq_mi             = 75,955
| percent_water          = 2.1
| population_estimate    = {{Increase}} 18,847,519&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA Factbook&quot;/&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| population_estimate_rank = 68aad
| population_census_rank = 
| population_census      = 
| population_census_year = 
| population_density_km2 = {{density|18,847,519|196,722}}
| population_density_rank = 
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $105.428 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.SN&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=722,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2023&amp;ey=2030&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 Edition. (Senegal) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 April 2025 |access-date=9 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 100aad
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase }} $5,498 &lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.SN&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 150aad
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 103aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $34.728 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.SN&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase }} $1,811&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.SN&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 154aad
| established_event1     = Isbeddelka Jamhuuriyadda
| established_date1      = 25 Noofambar 1958
| sovereignty_type       = [[Taariikhda Senegal|Madax-bannaanida]]
| established_event2     = Madax-bannaanida Faransiiska{{efn|Iyada iyo [[Suudaanta Faransiiska]], oo ahaa [[Xiriirka Mali]].}}
| established_date2      = 20 Juun 1960
| established_event3     = Ka bixitaankii&lt;br /&gt;[[Xiriirka Mali]]
| established_date3      = 20 Agoosto 1960
| established_event4     = Kala diristii [[Xiriirka Senegambia]]
| established_date4      = 30 Sebtembar 1989
| established_event5     = 
| established_date5      = 
| established_event6     = 
| established_date6      = 
| Gini_year              = 2011
| Gini_change            = 
| Gini                   = 40.3 
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2 March 2011 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225120531/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/%20 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.530 
| HDI_year               = 2023
| HDI_change             = kordhay
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 169aad
| currency               = [[CFA franc-ka Galbeedka Afrika]]
| currency_code          = XOF
| country_code           = 
| utc_offset             = ±00:00
| time_zone              = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| time_zone_DST          = 
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| calling_code           = [[+221]]
| cctld                  = [[.sn]]
| flag_p1                = Flag of Mali (1959–1961).svg
| today                  = 
}}

'''Senegaal''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Senegal.ogg|ˌ|s|ɛ|n|ə|ˈ|ɡ|ɔː|l|,_|-|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː|l}};&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Senegal |title=Definition of Senegal |publisher=The Free Dictionary |access-date=6 November 2013 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523052551/https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Senegal |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Senegal |title=Define Senegal |dictionary=Dictionary.com |access-date=6 November 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225517/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/senegal |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{langx|fr|Sénégal}} {{ipa|fr|seneɡal|}}}} si rasmi ahna loo yiraahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Senegaal''',{{efn|{{langx|fr|link=no|République du Sénégal}} {{ipa|fr|ʁepyblik dy seneɡal|}}}} waa dalka ugu galbeedsan dhul-waynaha [[Galbeedka Afrika]], wuxuuna ku yaal xeebta [[Badweynta Atlaantik-ga]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Mauretania]] xagga [[Xuduudda Mauretania–Senegal|waqooyiga]], [[Mali]] xagga [[Xuduudda Mali–Senegal|bari]], [[Gini]] xagga [[Xuduudda Gini–Senegal|koonfur-bari]] iyo [[Gini-Bisaau]] xagga [[Xuduudda Gini-Bisaau–Senegal|koonfur-galbeed]]. Senegal waxay ku dhowdahay inay gebi ahaanba ku hareeraysato dalka [[Gambiya]], oo ah dal fadhiya dhul cariiri ah oo ku teedsan daanta [[Webiga Gambiya]], kaas oo kala sooca gobolka koonfureed ee Senegal ee [[Casamance]] iyo dalka intiisa kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 August 2018 |title=Which Countries Border The Gambia? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-border-the-gambia.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925074027/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-border-the-gambia.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Why is The Gambia Surrounded by Senegal? |url=https://www.trazeetravel.com/why-is-the-gambia-surrounded-by-senegal/ |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=Trazee Travel |language=en-US |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003032201/https://www.trazeetravel.com/why-is-the-gambia-surrounded-by-senegal/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay sidoo kale xuduud badeed la wadaagtaa [[Cape Verde]]. Caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Senegal waa [[Dakar]].

Senegal waa dalka ugu xagga galbeed ee dhul-waynaha [[Dunidii Hore]], ama [[Afro-Eurasia]].&lt;ref&gt;Janet H. Gritzner, Charles F. Gritzner&amp;nbsp;– 2009, Senegal&amp;nbsp;– Page 8&lt;/ref&gt; Magaceeda waxay ka heshay [[Webiga Senegal]], oo xuduud u ah dhanka waqooyi iyo bari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=culturetrip |date=31 May 2018 |title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=Culture Trip |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Cimiladu inta badan waa midda [[Sahel|Sahel-ka]], iyadoo leh [[Xilli-roobaad|xilli roobaad]]. Senegal waxay ku fidsan tahay dhul baaxadiisu tahay ku dhawaad {{convert|197,000|km2}} waxayna leedahay dad dhowr ah oo gaaraya 18 milyan.{{UN Population|ref}} Dawladdu waa [[Nidaamka nus-madaxweynaha|jamhuuriyad nus-madaxweyne ah]]; tan iyo markii la aas-aasay dalka sanadkii 1960-kii, waxaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay mid ka mid ah wadamada ugu xasiloon qaaradda Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview |access-date=30 November 2022 |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130123208/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Marka loo eego [[Tusmooyinka Dimuqraadiyadda ee V-Dem]] ee 2024, Senegal waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 68aad ee dimuqraadiyadda doorashooyinka adduunka iyo kaalinta 10aad ee [[dimuqraadiyadda doorashooyinka ee Afrika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vdem_dataset&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=V-Dem Institute |date=2023 |title=The V-Dem Dataset |url=https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183458/https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dawladdan waxaa loo dhisay sidii qayb ka mid ah madax-bannaanidii [[Galbeedka Afrika ee Faransiiska]] ee ka xorowday [[Xukunkii gumeysiga Faransiiska]]. Taariikhdan darteed, Faransiisku waa luqadda rasmiga ah, laakiin waxaa fahma kaliya dad tirada yar ah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Jacques Leclerc|date=4 October 2010|title=Sénégal|url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/senegal.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229121849/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/senegal.htm|archive-date=29 February 2012|access-date=17 March 2012|website=Trésor de la langue française au Québec}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Luqadaha Senegal|In ka badan 30 luqadood]] ayaa looga hadlaa Senegal. [[Af-Wolof|Wolof]] waa luqadda ugu ballaaran ee loogu hadlo, iyadoo 80% dadku ay ku hadlaan sidii luqaddooda koowaad ama labaad,&lt;ref name=&quot;What Languages Are Spoken in Senegal?&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Pariona |first=Amber |date=27 September 2017 |title=What Languages Are Spoken in Senegal? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-senegal.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=WorldAtlas |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004131156/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-senegal.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo u adeegta sidii [[Lingua franca|''lingua franca'']] ee Senegal oo barbar socota Faransiiska. [[Af-Carabi|Carabiga]] iyo [[Af-Pulaar|Pulaar]] sidoo kale waxay weli caan ku yihiin bulshooyinka qaar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Gueye |first1=Massamba |date=17 November 2022 |title=Wolof is reclaiming ground in Senegal as the French language wanes |url=https://theconversation.com/wolof-is-reclaiming-ground-in-senegal-as-the-french-language-wanes-194750 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.xvjeydjhj |editor-first1=Moina |editor-first2=Assane |editor-last1=Spooner |editor-last2=Diagne}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida wadamada kale ee Afrika, dalku wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Aqoonta dadka ee Senegal|isku dhaf ballaaran oo bulshooyin qoomiyado iyo luqado kala duwan leh]], iyadoo kuwa ugu waaweyni ay yihiin [[Wolof (qoomiyad)|Wolof]], [[Fula (qoomiyad)|Fula]], iyo [[Serer (qoomiyad)|Serer]]. Dadka reer Senegal u badan koodu waa [[Muslimiin]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0b&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Senegal, a Muslim Country that Can't Get Enough Christmas |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_senegal-muslim-country-cant-get-enough-christmas/6181575.html |last=Hammerschlag |first=Annika |date=24 December 2019 |access-date=30 November 2022 |publisher=VOA |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130123919/https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_senegal-muslim-country-cant-get-enough-christmas/6181575.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maadaama uu yahay dal soo koraya, Senegal waxaa loo kala saaraa [[Wadamada saboolka ah ee deynta badan lagu leeyahay|dal sabool ah oo deyn badan lagu leeyahay]], iyadoo ku jirta kaalinta hoose ee [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha]] (169aad ee 193 wadan). Inta badan dadku waxay ku nool yihiin xeebta waxayna ka shaqeeyaan [[Beeraha Senegal|beeraha ama warshadaha kale ee cuntada]]; warshadaha kale ee waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah macdanta, dalxiiska, iyo adeegyada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Systematic Country Diagnostic of Senegal|date=4 October 2018|publisher=World Bank|doi=10.1596/30852|hdl=10986/30852|s2cid=240089232|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/336611539873310474/Senegal-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic }}&lt;/ref&gt; La'aanta taariikhiga ahayd ee khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee Senegal waxay u weecisay dadaallada dhanka kordhinta akhris-qoraalka iyo guulaha waxbarashada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why Senegal, a small country, is good at providing international organisations with leaders |url=https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/why-senegal-small-country-good-providing-international-organisations-leaders |access-date=30 November 2022 |website=D+C |date=21 November 2014 |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130121716/https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/why-senegal-small-country-good-providing-international-organisations-leaders |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Senegal waa xubin ka tirsan [[Midowga Afrika]], Qaramada Midoobay, [[Guddiga Dhaqaalaha ee Galbeedka Afrika]] (ECOWAS), [[Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Francophonie]], [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]], iyo [[Aagga Sahel iyo Saxaraha]].

== Asalka Magaca ==
Dalka Senegal waxaa loogu magac daray [[Webiga Senegal]]. Magaca webiga wuxuu ka imaan karaa fasiraadda luqadda [[Af-Boortaqiis|Boortaqiiska]] ee magaca [[Af-Zenaga|Zenaga]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan [[Sanhaja]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fass&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/|title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name|first=Beetle|last=Holloway|website=Culture Trip|date=31 May 2018|access-date=31 December 2018|archive-date=6 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidoo kale, waxay noqon kartaa isku darka ilaaha ugu sarreeya ee [[Diinta Serer|diinta Serer-ka]] (''Rog Sene'') iyo ''o gal,'' oo macnaheedu yahay ‘''biyo’'' marka loo eego [[Af-Serer|luqadda Serer]]. Qoraaga iyo wadaadka reer Faransiis David Boilat wuxuu soo jeediyay in magacu ka yimid weedha [[Af-Wolof|Wolof-ka]] ee ah &quot;sunuu gaal&quot;, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;doonteenna&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Holloway |first=Beetle |date=31 May 2018 |title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Culture Trip |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jad</title>
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      <text bytes="11133" sha1="6fj370njyadenzhl5fsi5nydkhd06da" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Jaad
| common_name            = Jaad
| native_name            = {{small|{{Name in various languages
 | name = {{nobold|''(bila luqadaha rasmiga ah)''}}
 | fr = {{lang|fr|République du Tchad}}
 | ar = {{lang|ar|جمهورية تشاد|rtl=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;{{transliteration|ar|Jumhūriyyat Tshād}}
}}}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Chad.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Chad.svg
| symbol_type            = Astaanta qaranka
| national_motto         = {{vunblist |{{native phrase|fr|&quot;Unité, Travail, Progrès&quot;|italics=off}}|&quot;Midnimo, Shaqa, Horumar&quot;}}
| national_anthem        = {{vunblist |{{native phrase|fr|&quot;La Tchadienne&quot;|nolink=yes|italics=off}}|&quot;Heesta Jaad&quot;}}&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.5em;&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File:La Tchadienne (instrumental).ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File: Chad (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Muuji golaha|[[File:Location Chad AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Muuji khariidadda Afrika|default=1}}
| capital                = N'Djamena
| coordinates            = {{coord|12|06|19|N|15|02|41|E|type:city}}
| largest_city           = caasimadda
| official_languages     = {{hlist|Faransiis|Carabi}}
| religion               = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
  | 55.1% Islaam
  | 41.1% Masiixiyad
  | 2.4% Diin la'aan
  | 1.3% Animism
  | 0.1% kuwa kale
  }}
| religion_year          = 2020
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;:religions2020&quot; /&gt;
| demonym                = Reer Jaad
| government_type        = Jamhuuriyad madaxtooyo
| leader_title1          = Madaxweyne
| leader_name1           = Mahamat Déby
| leader_title2          = Ra'iisul Wasaare
| leader_name2           = Allamaye Halina
| legislature            = Baarlamaan laba aqal leh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ngarbe |first1=Eluard |title=Le MPS lance sa campagne pour le Sénat |url=https://manara.td/le-mps-lance-sa-campagne-pour-le-senat/ |website=Manara Radio Télévision |language=fr-FR |date=4 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| upper_house            = Guurtida
| lower_house            = Golaha Qaranka
| sovereignty_type       = Madaxbannaanida ka timid Faransiiska
| established_event1     = Ismaamul la siiyay
| established_date1      = 28 November 1958
| established_event2     = Dawlad madaxbannaan
| established_date2      = 11 August 1960
| area_km2               = 1,280,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Chad|access-date=22 June 2023|year=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_footnote          = 
| area_rank              = 20aad
| area_sq_mi             = 
| percent_water          = 1.9
| population_estimate    = {{Increase}} 19,093,595&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Chad|access-date=22 June 2023|year=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| population_estimate_rank = 66aad
| population_density_km2 = 14.4
| population_density_rank = 218aad
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $63.070 bilyan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2026
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 147aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $3,240&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $23.560 bilyan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2026
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 145aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,210&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 183aad
| Gini                   = 37.4&lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2022
| Gini_change            = hoos u dhac &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204222738/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 February 2021 |title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.416 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2023 &lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = kor u kac&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/TCD|title=Human Development Reports 2023/24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 190aad
| currency               = Frankiga CFA ee Bartamaha Afrika
| currency_code          = XAF
| time_zone              = Wakhtiga Galbeedka Afrika
| utc_offset             = +01:00
| calling_code           = [[+235]]
| cctld                  = [[.td]]
| today                  = 
}}

'''Jaad''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Chad.ogg|tʃ|æ|d}} {{respell|CHAD}}&lt;br /&gt;{{bulleted list|{{langx|fr|Tchad}}, {{IPA|fr|tʃa(d)|pron}}|{{langx|ar|تشاد|Tshād|engvar=gb}}, {{IPA|ar|tʃaːd}}}}}} si rasmi ahna loogu yeero '''Jamhuuriyadda Jaad''',{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{Langx|fr|République du Tchad}}|{{langx|ar|جمهورية{{nbsp}}تْشَاد|Jumhūriyyat Tshād|engvar=gb}}}}}} waa dal ku yaal Bartamaha Afrika. Waxaa waqooyiga ka xiga Liibiya, bariga Suudaan, koonfurta Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika, koonfur-galbeed Kaameruun, koonfur-galbeednayjeeriya (ee harada Jaad), iyo galbeedka Nayjer. Jaad waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu gaarayso 19 milyan, kuwaas oo 1.6 milyan oo ka mid ahi ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee N'Djamena. Baaxadda guud ee dhulka oo dhowr ah 1,300,000 km2, Jaad waa dalka shanaad ee ugu weyn Afrika, waana dalka labaatanaad ee ugu weyn adduunka marka loo eego baaxadda dhulka.

Luqadaha rasmiga ah ee Jaad waa Faransiis iyo Carabi, iyadoo Faransiisku yahay luqadda guud (lingua franca) iyo luqadda rasmiga ah ee dowladda iyo waxbarashada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=International Schools in Chad |url=https://www.expat-quotes.com/guides/chad/education/international-schools-in-chad.htm#:~:text=The%20educational%20system%20is%20patterned,secondary%20education%20(six%20years).}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Glottolog 4.8 – Languages of Chad |url=https://glottolog.org/glottolog/language.map.html?country=TD#6/20.468/142.998 |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=glottolog.org |archive-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815121032/https://glottolog.org/glottolog/language.map.html?country=TD#6/20.468/142.998 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay hoy u tahay in ka badan 200 oo qowmiyadood iyo kooxood oo kala duwan xagga luqadda. Islaamka (55.1%) iyo Masiixiyadda (41.1%) waa diimaha ugu waaweyn ee laga rumeeyo Jaad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:religions2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Religions in Chad &amp;#124; PEW-GRF |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/chad#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=2020&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2016 |access-date=11 August 2022 |archive-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008065049/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/chad#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=2020&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR90/FR90.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR90/FR90.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1996–1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Laga bilaabo kun-guurka 7aad BC, bini'aadamka ayaa u soo guuray dooxada Jaad tiro aad u badan. Dhammaadkii kun-guurka 1aad AD, silsilado dawladaha iyo boqortooyooyin ah ayaa ka kacay oo ku dumay aagga Sahel ee Jaad, mid kastaana wuxuu diiradda saaray xakameynta jidka ganacsiga ee Trans-Sahara ee soo mara gobolka. Faransiiska ayaa qabsaday dhulkaas sannadkii 1920-kii wuxuuna ku daray qayb ka mid ah Afrika Equatoria ee Faransiiska. Sannadkii 1960-kii, Jaad waxay heshay madaxbannaani iyadoo uu hoggaaminayo François Tombalbaye. Cadho ka dhalatay siyaasadiisa oo ka dhalatay waqooyiga Muslimka ah ayaa keentay inuu qarxo dagaal sokeeye oo muddo dheer qaatay sannadkii 1965-kii. Sannadkii 1979-kii fallaagada ayaa qabsaday caasimadda waxayna soo afjareen awooddii koonfurta. Taliyayaashii fallaagada ayaa markaas dhexdiis ku dagaalamay ilaa Hissène Habré uu ka adkaaday kuwa la tartamayay. Iskahorimaadkii Jaad iyo Liibiya wuxuu qarxay sannadkii 1978-kii duulaankii Liibiya kaas oo istaagay sannadkii 1987-kii iyadoo ay soo dhexgashay ciidamada Faransiiska (Hawlgalkii Épervier). Hissène Habré waxaa xukunka ka tuuray sannadkii 1990-kii jeneraalkiisii Idriss Déby. Iyadoo la helayo taageerada Faransiiska, casriyeynta Ciidanka Qaranka Jaad ayaa la bilaabay sannadkii 1991-kii. Laga bilaabo 2003, dhibaatada Darfur ee ka jirtay Suudaan ayaa ku kor fiday xadka waxayna carqaladeysay xasilloonida dalka. Dalkaas oo horay u sabool ahaa ayaa la dhibtoonayay sidii uu u qaabili lahaa boqolaal kun oo qaxooti Suudaaniyiin ah oo ku sugnaa bariga Jaad.

In kasta oo xisbiyo siyaasadeed oo badani ay ka qaybqaateen xeer-dejinta Jaad, ee Golaha Qaranka, awooddu waxay si adag ugu jirtay gacanta Dhaqdhaqaaqa Badbaadada Waddaniga intii uu xukumayay Madaxweyne Idriss Déby, kaas oo xukunkiisa lagu sifeeyay mid kalagooys ah. Ka dib markii Madaxweyne Déby ay dileen fallaagada FACT bishii Abriil 2021, Golaha Militariga Kumeelgaarka ah ee uu hoggaaminayo wiilkiisa Mahamat Déby ayaa la wareegay maamulka dowladda wuxuuna kala diray Golaha Qaranka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu horumarsan adduunka, Jaad waxay weli la dhibtoonaysaa rabshado siyaasadeed iyo isku dayo isdaba joog ah oo afgambi. Jaad waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 4aad ee ugu hooseysa Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha waxayna ka mid tahay waddamada ugu saboolsan uguna musuqmaasuqa badan. Inta badan dadka deggan waxay ku nool yihiin saboolnimo iyagoo ah reer miyi iyo beeralay qubaysata. Tan iyo sannadkii 2003, saliidda cayriin waxay noqotay isha koowaad ee dalka ka soo gasha dakhliga dhoofinta. Jaad waxay leedahay taariikh xun xagga xuquuqda aadanaha.
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Togo</title>
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      <text bytes="15974" sha1="pp56kkp9bzxvzo1bg0eoxsf0y87siqe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Togo
| common_name            = Togo
| native_name            = {{native name|fr|République togolaise|fontsize=100%}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Togo.svg
| image_coat             = Emblem of Togo.svg
| coa_size               = 70
| symbol_type            = Coat of arms
| national_motto         = {{lang|fr|&quot;Travail, Liberté, Patrie&quot;|italics=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.africanlegislaturesproject.org/content/constitution-togo|title=Constitution of Togo|year=2002|access-date=20 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214090412/http://www.africanlegislaturesproject.org/content/constitution-togo|archive-date=14 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;({{Langx|en|&quot;Shaqo, Xorriyad, Hooyo&quot;}})
| national_anthem        = {{lang|fr|&quot;[[Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux|Terre de nos aïeux]]&quot;|italics=no}}&lt;br /&gt;({{Langx|en|&quot;Dhulkii awoweyashay&quot;}}){{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Togolese national anthem.ogg]]}}
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File:Togo (orthographic projection).svg|Show globe|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}}
| map_caption            = 
| capital                = [[Lomé]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|6|8|N|1|13|E|type:city|display=inline}}
| largest_city           = Lomé
| official_languages     = [[Af-Fransiis|Fransiis]]
| languages_type         = Luqadaha loogu hadlo
| languages              = {{collapsible list|bullets=y|title={{nobold|Liiska:}}
|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]
|[[Af-Fransiis|Fransiis]]
|[[Af-Ewe|Ewe]]
|[[Luqadaha Gbe|Gbe]]
|[[Luqadaha Gur|Gur]]
|[[Luqadaha Kwa|Kwa]]
|[[Af-Kabiye|Kabiye]]
|[[Af-Talni|Talensi]]
|[[Lahjada Wasa|Wasa]]
|[[Af-Aguna|Aguna]]
|[[Af-Adja|Aja]]
|[[Af-Ngangam|Ngangam]]
|[[Af-Ntcham|Ntcham]]
|[[Af-Tammari|Tammari]]
|[[Af-Tem|Tem]]
|[[Af-Ifè|Ifè]]
|[[Af-Yoruba|Yoruba]]
}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{collapsible list|title_style=nobold|title={{nobold|[[Dadka Togo|Afrikaan]] (94.4%)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Togo|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/|website=CIA World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=26 October 2017|archive-date=12 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012171517/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Aja (qoomiyad)|Aja]], [[Ewe (qoomiyad)|Ewe]] iyo [[Af-Gen|Mina]] (42.4%)
|[[Kabye (qoomiyad)|Kabye]] iyo [[Tem (qoomiyad)|Tem]] (25.9%)
|[[Akan (qoomiyad)|Akan]] iyo [[Gurma (qoomiyad)|Gurma]] (17.1%)
|[[Kposo (qoomiyad)|Kposo]] iyo [[Af-Kebu|Akebu]] (4.1%)
|[[Ana (qoomiyad)|Ana-Ife]] (3.2%)
|Kooxaha kale ee Galbeedka Afrika (1.7%)}}
[[Dadka Togo|aan-Afrikaan ahayn]] (5.6%)&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot; /&gt;
| religion               = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
  |50% [[Masiixiyad]]
  |33% [[Diimaha dhaqanka ee Afrika|diimaha dhaqanka]]
  |16% [[Islaamka Togo|Islaam]]
  |1% [[Diinta Baháʼí]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=221c | title=National Profiles | access-date=7 March 2026 | url-status=live | archive-date=6 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306005400/https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=221c }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| religion_year          = 2025
| demonym                = [[Dadka Togo|Reer Togo]]
| government_type        = [[Jamhuuriyad baarlamaan oo midaysan]] oo hoos tanaasusha kalataliye nidaam kali-talis ah oo [[Keligii-talisnimo dhaxaltooyo ah|dhaxaltooyo ah]]
| leader_title1          = [[Madaxweynaha Togo|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1           = [[Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové]]
| leader_title2          = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Togo|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]
| leader_name2           = [[Faure Gnassingbé]]
| legislature            = [[Baarlamaanka Togo|Baarlamaan]]
| upper_house            = [[Aqalka Sare (Togo)|Aqalka Sare]]
| lower_house            = [[Golaha Shacabka (Togo)|Golaha Shacabka]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[Taariikhda Togo|Taariikhda aasaaska]]
| sovereignty_note       = 
| established_event1     = [[Togoland|Togoland-tii Jarmalka]]
| established_date1      = 5 Luulyo 1884
| established_event2     = [[Togoland-tii Faransiiska]]
| established_date2      = 27 Agoosto 1914
| established_event3     = Madax-bannaanida ka qaadashada [[Faransiiska]]
| established_date3      = 27 Abriil 1960
| established_event4     = [[Xubinnimada Qaramada Midoobay|Ku biirista]] [[Qaramada Midoobay|QM]]
| established_date4      = 20 Sebtembar 1960
| established_event5     = [[Dastuurka Togo|Dastuurka hadda jira]]
| established_date5      = 6 Maayo 2024
| area_km2               = 56,785&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Togo country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14106781 |website=BBC News |access-date=27 January 2021 |date=24 February 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014182000/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14106781 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://voyage.gouv.tg/ |title=Accueil - Voyage Togo |access-date=2 March 2024 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108215213/https://voyage.gouv.tg/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank              = 123aad
| area_sq_mi             = 22,008
| percent_water          = 4.2
| population_census      = 8,095,498&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Togo-Les résultats définitifs du 5e RGPH |url=https://icilome.com/2023/04/togo-les-resultats-definitifs-du-5e-rgph/ |website=Icilome |access-date=1 September 2023 |date=4 April 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901233655/https://icilome.com/2023/04/togo-les-resultats-definitifs-du-5e-rgph/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census_year = 2022
| population_census_rank = 
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 9,583,381&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Togo|access-date=31 October 2024|year=2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| population_estimate_rank = 101aad
| population_density_km2 = 125.9
| population_density_sq_mi = 243
| population_density_rank = 
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $33.050 bilyan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en |access-date=9 October 2025 |archive-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428212902/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/April |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 147aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $3,470&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en |access-date=9 October 2025 |archive-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428212902/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/April |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 166aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $10.020 bilyan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en |access-date=9 October 2025 |archive-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428212902/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/April |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 151aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,050&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en |access-date=9 October 2025 |archive-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428212902/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/April |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 171aad
| Gini                   = 43.1
| Gini_year              = 2015
| Gini_change            = hoos u dhacay
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=27 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727172441/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI_year               = 2023 
| HDI_change             = kordhay
| HDI                    = 0.571 
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 May 2025|title=Human Development Report 2023/2024|url=https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/TGO|access-date=6 May 2025|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|language=en|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812054834/https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/TGO|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 161aad
| currency               = [[Faranka CFA ee Galbeedka Afrika]]
| currency_code          = XOF
| utc_offset             = +00:00
| time_zone              = [[Wakhtiga Greenwich|GMT]]
| date_format            = dd/mm/yyyy
| drives_on              = midig
| calling_code           = [[Lambarrada taleefanka ee Togo|+228]]
| cctld                  = [[.tg]]
| footnote_a             = Sida [[Af-Ewe|Ewe]], Mina iyo [[Af-Adja|Aja]].
| footnote_b             = Kuwa ugu waaweyn waa [[Ewe (qoomiyad)|Ewe]], Mina, [[Tem (qoomiyad)|Kotokoli Tem]] iyo [[Kabye (qoomiyad)|Kabyè]].
| footnote_c             = Inta badan reer Yurub, Hindi iyo Suuriyaan-Lubnaaniis.
| footnote_d             = Qiyaasaha dalkan waxay si cad xisaabta ugu darayaan saamaynta dhimashada dheeraadka ah ee ay sababto cudurka AIDS; tani waxay keeni kartaa rajada nolosha oo hoos u dhacda, dhimashada dhallaanka iyo heerarka dhimashada oo sarreeya, tirada dadka iyo heerarka koritaanka oo hooseeya, iyo isbeddelada qaybinta dadka marka loo eego da'da iyo jinsiga marka loo eego sidii kale ee laga filayay.
| footnote_e             = Qiimaynta waxay ku salaysan tahay tirooyinka 2017 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20260118042609/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/ ''CIA World Factbook'' – &quot;Togo&quot;])
| today                  = 
}}
'''Togo''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Togo.ogg|ˈ|t|oʊ|ɡ|oʊ}} {{respell|TOH|goh}}; {{IPA|fr|toɡo|lang}}}} si rasmi ahna loo yiraahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Togo''',{{efn|{{langx|fr|République togolaise}}}} waa dal ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Waxaa dacallada ka xiga [[Gana]] dhanka [[Xudduudda Gana iyo Togo|galbeedka]], [[Benin]] dhanka [[Xudduudda Benin iyo Togo|bariga]] iyo [[Burkina Faso]] dhanka [[Xudduudda Burkina Faso iyo Togo|waqooyiga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Republic of Togo&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Republic of Togo |url=https://www.isdb.org/togo |access-date=26 January 2021 |publisher=[[Islamic Development Bank]] |date=18 November 1998 |language=en |archive-date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203143436/https://www.isdb.org/togo |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa mid ka mid ah [[Waddamada ugu horumarsan yaryar|waddamada ugu horumarsan yaryar]] ee adduunka. Waxay ku fidsan tahay waqooyiga laga bilaabo [[Gacanka Guinea]] (halkaas oo ay ku taallo [[caasimad|caasimaddeeda]], [[Lomé]]) ilaa xudduudda Burkina Faso iyo Togo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Republic of Togo&quot; /&gt; Waa dal yar oo kuleyl ah, kaas oo ku fadhiya {{convert|57,000|km2|sqmi|-3|abbr=off}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; lehna [[Dadka|dad]] gaaraya qiyaastii 8 milyan.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; Ballaceedu wuxuu ka yar yahay {{convert|115|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} inta u dhaxaysa Gana iyo deriskeeda bari ee Benin.{{UN_Population|ref}}

Dad kala duwan ayaa degay xudduudaha Togo-da maanta intii dhaxeysay qarniyadii 11aad iyo 16aad. Intii dhexaysay qarniyadii 16aad iyo 18aad, gobolka xeebta wuxuu inta badan u adeegi jiray xarun [[Ganacsiga addoomada ee Atlaantikada|ganacsiga addoomada ee reer Yurub]], taasoo Togo iyo gobolka ku xeeran ku radday magaca &quot;[[Xeebta Addoomada ee Galbeedka Afrika|Xeebta Addoomada]]&quot;. Sanadkii 1884, xilligii [[u-tartanka Afrika]], [[Boqortooyadii Jarmalka|Jarmalka]] ayaa gobolka ka aasaasay dhul maxmiyad ah oo loo bixiyay [[Togoland]]. Ka dib [[Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]], Togo waxaa lagu wareejiyay [[Faransiiska]] iyadoo wadata xudduudaheeda hadda jira. Togo waxay madax-bannaanideeda ka qaadatay Faransiiska sanadkii 1960.&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;icye.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Togo (Partner) – International Cultural Youth Exchange |url=https://www.icye.org/icye-in-the-world/togo/ |website=International cultural youth exchange |access-date=27 January 2021 |archive-date=8 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608015225/https://www.icye.org/icye-in-the-world/togo/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 1967, [[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]] ayaa hoggaamiyay [[Inqilaabkii Togo ee 1967|afgambi milatari oo guulaystay]] wuxuuna noqday madaxweynaha dal nidaamkiisu yahay hal xisbi oo ka horjeeda hanti-wadaagga. Sanadkii 1993, Eyadéma wuxuu la kulmay doorashooyin xisbiyo badan oo ay hareeyeen wax-is-daba-marin, wuxuuna ku guulaystay madaxtinimada saddex jeer. Xilligii uu dhintay, Eyadéma wuxuu ahaa &quot;hoggaamiyaha ugu muddada dheeraa taariikhda casriga ah ee [[Afrika]]&quot;, isagoo madaxweyne ahaa muddo 38 sano ah.&lt;ref name=Obituary&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/830774.stm &quot;Obituary: Gnassingbe Eyadema&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630191246/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/830774.stm |date=30 June 2018 }} . (5 Febraayo 2005). [[BBC News]]. Dib loo helay 22 Maayo 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 2005, wiilkiisa [[Faure Gnassingbé]] ayaa loo doortay madaxweyne.

Togo waa dal [[Dhulalka kuleylaha|kuleyl ah]], oo dhaca [[Afrika ka hooseysa Saxaraha|Saxaraha ka hooseeya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Republic of Togo&quot;/&gt; kaas oo dhaqaalihiisu uu inta badan ku tiirsan yahay beeraha.&lt;ref name=&quot;icye.org&quot;/&gt; Luqadda rasmiga ah waa [[Af-Fransiis|Fransiis]],&lt;ref name=&quot;icye.org&quot;/&gt; laakiin [[Luqadaha Togo|luqado kale ayaa loogu hadlaa]], gaar ahaan kuwa ka tirsan [[Luqadaha Gbe|qoyska Gbe]]. [[Masiixiyiin|Masiixiyiinta]] waxay ka dhigtaan 47.8% dadka dalka, taas oo ka dhigaysa kooxda diimeed ee ugu weyn dalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Togo |date=2023-01-11 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/#people-and-society |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2023-01-13 |archive-date=12 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012171517/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/#people-and-society |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Togo waa xubin ka tirsan [[Qaramada Midoobay]], [[Midowga Afrika]], [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]], [[Aagga Nabadda iyo Iskaashiga ee Koonfurta Atlaantikada]], [[Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Francophonie|Francophonie]], [[Barwaaqo-sooranka]], iyo [[Aagga Dhaqaalaha ee Galbeedka Afrika]].

== Asalka  magaca==
Magaca Togo wuxuu ka dhigan yahay &quot;biyaha dhinacooda&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Peoples of Africa: Togo-Zimbabwe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rlz2bWRPmvgC&amp;pg=PA531 |year=2001 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-7168-4|page=531}}&lt;/ref&gt; ama &quot;badda gadaasheeda&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Togo1920s&quot;/&gt; waxaana laga soo qaatay luqadda [[Af-Ewe|Ewe]] ''to'' (&quot;biyo&quot;) iyo ''go'' (&quot;xeeb&quot;). Markii hore wuxuu ula jeeday oo qura magaalada Togo (haddaba ah [[Togoville]]), markii dambena Jarmalku waxay magaca ku ballariyeen dalka oo dhan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Togo1920s&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Dawnay|first=Guy Payan |title=The Army Quarterly| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWAPAQAAIAAJ |year=1926|publisher=William Clowes &amp; Sons, Ltd.|page=315 |quote=In the Ewe language the name ''Togo'' means &quot;Behind the Sea,&quot; and it was extended to the whole country by the Germans, as Dr. [[Gustav Nachtigal|Nachtigal]]'s first treaty in 1884 was made with the Chief of Togo.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Komoros</title>
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      <text bytes="12641" sha1="lc0qnhkjl7iz560rwyuq0lagj5cchgo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Midowga Komoros
|common_name = Comoros
|native_name = 
 {{vunblist|item_style=font-size:88%;
  | {{native name|ar| الاتحاد القمري|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;''{{transl|ar|DIN|Midowga Komoros}}''
  | {{native name|fr|Union des Comores}}
  | {{native name|sw|Udzima wa Komori}}
 }}
|image_flag = Flag of the Comoros.svg
|image_coat = Seal of the Comoros.svg
|symbol_type = Astaanta
|image_map = Location Comoros AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix=the |location_color=dark blue |region=Africa |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=light blue}}
|national_motto = {{vunblist |{{native phrase|ar|وحدة، تضامن، تنمية|italics=off}} |{{native phrase|fr|&quot;Unité – Solidarité – Développement&quot;|italics=off}} |{{small|&quot;Unity – Solidarity – Development&quot;}}}}
|national_anthem = ''[[Udzima wa ya Masiwa]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(Comorian)}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''The Unity of the Great Islands''}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National Anthem of Comoros by US Navy Band.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
|official_languages = {{hlist |[[Comorian language|Comorian]]|[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|[[French language|French]]}}
|demonym = Comorian
|capital = [[Moroni, Comoros|Moroni]]
|coordinates        = {{Coord|11|41|S|43|16|E|type:city}}
|largest_city = capital
|religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
|government_type = [[Federal state|Federal]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[President of the Comoros|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[Azali Assoumani]]
|leader_title2 = [[Vice President of the Comoros|Vice-Presidents]]
|leader_name2 = {{nowrap|{{vunblist|[[Abdallah Said Sarouma]] |[[Djaffar Ahmed Said]] |[[Moustadroine Abdou]]}}}}
|legislature = {{nowrap|[[Assembly of the Union of the Comoros|Assembly of the Union]]}}
|area_rank = 171th&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;!-- Should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
|area_magnitude = 1_E9
|area_km2 = 1,862
|area_sq_mi = 719 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|percent_water = negligible
|population_estimate = {{UN Population|Comoros}}{{UN Population|ref}}&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|population_estimate_year = {{UN Population|Year}}
|population_estimate_rank = 163rd
|population_census = |population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 = 392
|population_densitymi³  =  &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 25th
|GDP_PPP_year = 2020
|GDP_PPP = $1.329 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=87&amp;pr.y=7&amp;sy=2014&amp;ey=2021&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=632&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=Comoros |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=17 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,566&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank = 179th
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179th
|GDP_nominal = $0.800 Billion Dollar &lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2020
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $774&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;
|GDP_nominal_rank = 185th
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 158th
|Gini_year = 2004
|Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = 64.3 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;gini-index&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=GINI index|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?order=wbapi_data_value_2007+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&amp;sort=asc&amp;page=1|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=26 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank = 
|HDI_year = 2015&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.497 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref =&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 160th
|sovereignty_type = [[History of the Comoros|Formation]]
|established_event1 = Discovery by Portuguese explorers
|established_date1 = 1503
|established_event2 = [[Grande Comore|Ngazidja]], [[Anjouan|Ndzuwani]], [[Mohéli|Mwali]] under French rule
|established_date2 = 1886
|established_event3 = Protectorate of the Comoros
|established_date3 = 5 September 1887
|established_event4 = Territory under [[French Madagascar]]
|established_date4 =  9 April 1908
|established_event5 = [[French overseas departments and territories|Overseas territory]]
|established_date5 =  27 October 1946
|established_event6 = State of Comoros
|established_date6 =  22 December 1961
|established_event7 = Independence from [[France]]
|established_date7 = 6 July 1975
|established_event8 = Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros
|established_date8 = 24 May 1978
|established_event9 = Union of the Comoros
|established_date9 = 23 December 2001
|established_event10 = [[Constitution of the Comoros|Current constitution]]
|established_date10 = 17 May 2009
|currency = [[Comorian franc]]
|currency_code = KMF
|time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
|utc_offset = +3
|time_zone_DST = 
|utc_offset_DST = 
|drives_on = Right
|calling_code = [[+269]]
|cctld = [[.km]]
|footnote_a = Excluding [[Mayotte]], an overseas department of [[France]].
|footnote_b = Excluding Mayotte.
}}


[[File:Carte des isles de Comore Johanna ou Anjouan Mohilla ou Moaly et Mayote Bnf40600530t.jpg|thumb|Khariirada Faransiiska ee Comoros, 1747]]
[[File:Dhow.jpg|right|thumb|Doomaha Komoros]]
[[File:Vanilla plantation in wood dsc00190.jpg|thumb|Geed Vanilla oo kabaxa Komoros]]
[[File:Moroni Capital of the Comores Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|thumb|[[Moroni|Moorooni]], Caasimada Komoros]]
[[File:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg|thumb|Calanka Komoros]]
'''Komoros''' ama '''Jasiirada Qamar''' ([[Faransiiska|Af faransiiska]]: Union des Comores) Waa wadan aad u yar oo ku yaalo [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Komoros waxee ka koobanyahay sadex jasiiradood, caasimada waa [[Moroni|Moorooni]]. Wadankaan waxaa uu xornimadiisa ka helay Gumeestihii [[faransiiska]] sanadkii 1975, waxa uuna kamidyahay [[Midowga Afrika]] iyo [[Jaamacada Carabta]]. Komoros waqti dheer ee ka mid ahaan jirtay suldanada [[Cumaan]], wadankaan waxaa looga hadlaa luqadaha af carabiga, farnsiika iyo luqada qamaariga. Dadka ku nool jasiirada Komoros waxaa lagu qiyaasay in 99% raacsanyihiin diinta islaamka.


Komoros (/ kɒməroʊz / (ku saabsan codkani wuxuu dhagaystaa); Carabi: جزر القمر, Juzur al-Qumur / Qamar), si rasmi ah Isbahaysiga Comoros (Comorian: Udzima wa Komori, Faransiiska: Union Des Comores, Carabi: الاتحاد القمري Al-Ittihad al-Qumurī / Qamarī), waa jasiirad jasiirad ah oo ku taala Badweynta Hindiya ee ku taalla waqooyiga Mozambique Channel oo ka baxsan xeebta bariga Afrika ee u dhaxaysa waqooyi bari ee Mozambique iyo waqooyiga galbeed ee Madagascar. Magaalada caasimadda ah iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee Comoros waa Moroni. Diinta dadka intiisa badani waa Sunni Islaamka.
At 1,660 km2 (640 sq mi), marka laga reebo jasiiradda lagu muransan yahay ee Mayotte, Comoros waa waddanka saddexaad ee ugu yar Afrika ee aagga. Dadweynaha, marka laga reebo Mayotte, ayaa lagu qiyaasay 795,601. 
[[File:Moroni Mosque Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|thumb|Mosqueta a Moròni]]
[[File:Dhow.jpg|right|thumb|A large [[dhow]] with [[lateen]] sail rigs]]
[[File:Vanilla plantation in wood dsc00190.jpg|thumb|A [[vanilla]] plantation]][1] Iyadoo qurba-joogtu abuurtay is-dhexgal dhinacyo kala duwan, jasiiradaha ayaa lagu xusay dhaqankooda iyo taariikhda kala duwan. Goobaha jilicsan waxaa markii hore ku noolaa dadka Bantu ku hadla oo ka yimid Bariga Afrika, oo ay ku biireen soogalootiga Carabta iyo Australiyaanka.
Waddanku wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex jasiiradood oo waaweyn iyo jasiirado yaryar oo yaryar, oo dhan oo ku yaal jasiiradaha Comoro. Jasiiradaha waaweyn waxaa badanaa lagu yaqaan magacooda Faransiis: Gobollada waqooyi-badiba Comer (Ngazidja); Mohéli (Mwali); iyo Anjouan (Nzwani). Intaa ka sokow, waddanku waxa uu dalbanayaa jasiiradda afaraad, oo ah koonfur bari-badi Mayotte (Maore), inkastoo Mayotte uu ka soo horjeestay madaxbannaanida Faransiiska sannadkii 1974-kii, marna maamulin dowlad madax-bannaan oo Comoros ah, oo uu sii waday inuu maamulo Faransiiska hadda sida waaxda dibada). Faransiiska ayaa beeniyay go'aanka Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay kaas oo qeexi doona xornimadda jasiiradda ee jasiiradda. [5] [7] [8] Intaa waxaa dheer, Mayotte wuxuu noqday qaybta dibada iyo gobolka Faransiiska sannadkii 2011 kadib markii afti loo qaaday afti.
Comoros waa mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu saboolsan dunida. Kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhimista saboolnimada ayaa ah mudnaanta ugu weyn ee dowladda. Marka la eego qiyaasta 14.3%, shaqo la'aanta waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay aad u sarreyso. Beeraha, oo ay ku jiraan kalluumeysiga, ugaarsiga, iyo miyiga, waa qaybta ugu wayn ee dhaqaalaha, 38.4% dadka shaqeeya waxay ka shaqeeyaan qaybta aasaasiga ah [49]

Cufnaanta dadweynaha, sida 1000 kiilomitir oo isku wareeg ah oo kuyaal beero-dhuleedka beeraha, maxaa wali ah inta badan miyiga, dhaqaalaha beeraha wuxuu keeni karaa dhibaatada deegaanka ee mustaqbalka dhow, gaar ahaan marka la eego heerka sare ee koritaanka dadweynaha. Sanadkii 2004 kobaca dhaqaalaha dhabta ah ee Comoros wuxuu ahaa mid hooseeya 1.9% isla markaana dhabta dhabta ah ee qofkiiba wuxuu sii waday inuu hoos u dhaco. Hoos u dhacaasi waxaa lagu sharaxay arrimo ay ka mid yihiin maalgashiga hoos u dhacaya, hoos u dhaca isticmaalka, sicir bararka, sicir bararka, iyo kororka sicirka ganacsiga sababtoo ah qayb ka yar qiimaha dalagga beeraha, gaar ahaan vaniljada [49]
[[File:Tree map export 2009 Comoros.jpeg|thumb|350px|A proportional representation of the Comoros's exports]]
Siyaasadda maaliyadeed waxaa ku xaddidan dakhliga caadiga ah ee maaliyadda, biilka mushaarka ee adeegga bulshada, iyo deyn dibadeed oo ka sarraysa heerka ugu sareeya ee HIPC. Ka mid noqoshada aagga franciska, ee ugu muhiimsan ee xasilloonida, ayaa waliba ka caawiyay inay ku jirto cadaadis ku saabsan sicirka gudaha. [50]

Comoros waxay leedahay nidaam gaadiid ku filan, dad dhalinyaro ah oo si degdeg ah u kordhaya, iyo khayraad dabiici ah oo yar. Heerka waxbarashada heerka hoose ee shaqaaluhu wuxuu ka qaybqaataa heerka dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale, shaqo la'aanta, iyo ku tiirsanaan culus ee deeqaha shisheeye iyo gargaarka farsamo. Beeruhu wuxuu ku kordhiyaa 40% miisaaniyadda, wuxuu shaqaaleeyaa 80% shaqaale shaqaale, wuxuuna bixiyaa inta badan dhoofinta. Comoros waa kan ugu weyn ee soo saaraha ylang-ylang, iyo soo saaraha ballaaran ee vanilla ah. [51]

Xukuumadda ayaa ku dhibtooneysa in ay kor u qaaddo waxbarashada iyo tababarka farsamada, si ay u khaaskaeyso ganacsiyada iyo ganacsatada, si loo hagaajiyo adeegyada caafimaadka, in la kala saaro dhoofinta, kor u qaadista dalxiiska, iyo in la yareeyo heerka korodhka tirada dadka.

Comoros waxay sheeganayaan Banc du Geyser iyo Glorioso Islands oo qayb ka ah aagagga dhaqaale ee gaarka ah.

Comoros waa xubin ka mid ah Ururka Sharciga Xirfadaha Ganacsiga ee Afrika (OHADA). [53]


&lt;gallery&gt;
|An 1808 map refers to the islands as &quot;Camora&quot;.
File:Queen of Mohéli.jpg|Queen of Mohéli, 1863
File:Franz Sikora 038.jpg|Sultan Said Ali bin Said Omar of Grande Comore (1897)
File:Moroni-Place des Assemblées.jpg|Assembly Square, Moroni, 1908
File:Moroni-Port.jpg|Port of Moroni, 1908
File:Anjouan-Sultan Saïd Mohamed.jpg|Sultan Saïd Mohamed of Anjouan, 1920s
&lt;/gallery&gt;
[[File:Flag of the Comoros (1963 to 1975).svg|thumb|[[Flag of the Comoros]] (1963 to 1975)]]
[[File:Flag of the Comoros (1975-1978).svg|thumb|[[Flag of the Comoros]] (1975 to 1978)]]
[[File:Ikililou Dhoinine 2012.jpg|thumb|[[Ikililou Dhoinine]], [[President of Comoros]] from 2011 to 2016]]
[[File:JOUR DE L'AÏDE DHUL HAJJ BANGOI-KOUNI.jpg|thumb|Comorians]]

==Xubin==


* [[IORA]]
*[[Midowga Afrika]]
*[[Qaramada Midoobay]]


==Waddnamha La Degaan Comoros==
* {{Flag|Brazil}} 200+

* {{flag|Arab League}} 2000+:

* {{Flag|Pakistan}} 2,000++:

* {{Flag|Japan}} 300+:

* {{Flag|South Korea}} 300++:


* {{Flag|South Africa}} 12,000+:

* {{Flag|Great Britain}} 500++

== Xigasho ==
&lt;references /&gt;

* https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araplar
* https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }}
* https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }}
* https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/African_Union.htm

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Dalalka Afrika]]
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lubnaan</title>
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      <text bytes="10089" sha1="qp0cva8hdxe9c292zqbdhmmwshmytvt" xml:space="preserve">::''Sidoo kale eeg : [[Levant]]
{{Infobox country
 | conventional_long_name      = Jamhuuriyadda Lubnaan
 | common_name                 = Lubnaan
 | native_name                 = {{native name|ar|الجمهورية اللبنانية|italics=off}}&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;''{{transl|ar|al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah}}''&lt;/small&gt;
 | image_flag                  = Flag of Lebanon.svg
 | image_coat                  = Coat of Arms of Lebanon.svg
 | national_anthem             = {{unbulleted list |{{lower|0.1em|{{big|[[Lebanese National Anthem|كلّنا للوطن]]}}}} |{{transl|ar|ISO|''Kulluna lil-watan''}} |{{small|''Dhammaanteen waxaan u nahay waddankii hooyo!''}}}} &lt;center&gt;[[File:Lebanese national anthem.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
 | image_map                   = Lebanon (orthographic projection).svg
 | image_map2                  = Lebanon - Location Map (2012) - LBN - UNOCHA.svg
 | capital                     = [[Beyruut]]
 | coordinates                 = {{Coord|33|54|N|35|32|E|type:city}}
 | largest_city                = [[Beyruut]]
 | official_languages    = [[Carabi|Carabi]]&lt;ref&gt;Article 11 of the Constitution of Lebanon states: &quot;Arabic is the official national language. A law shall determine the cases in which the French language can be used.&lt;/Ref&gt;
 | recognised_languages = [[Af-Faransiis]]
 | demonym              = Lubnaan
 | government_type = Unitary, parliamentary&lt;br&gt;multi-confessionalist republic&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Lebanese Constitution |publisher=Presidency of Lebanon |url=http://presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=20 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119201440/http://presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf |archivedate=19 January 2012 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | leader_title1      = Madaxweynaha
 | leader_name1       = [[Joseph Aoun]]
 | leader_title2      = Raiisul wasaaraha
 | leader_name2       = [[Najib Mikati]]
 | leader_title3      = Gudoomiyaha Baarlamaanka
 | leader_name3       = [[Nabih Berri]]
 | legislature        = Parliament
 | established_event1 = [[Gobolka Lubnaan]]
 | established_date1  = 1 Sebteembar 1920
 | established_event2 = Dastuurka
 | established_date2  = 23 Maye 1926
 | established_event3 = Madaxbanaanida
 | established_date3  = 22 Nofeembar 1943
 | established_event4 = Waajibkii Faransiisku wuu dhamaaday
 | established_date4  = 24 Oktoobar 1945
 | established_event5 = Ka bixitaanka ciidamada Faransiiska
 | established_date5  = 31 Diseembar 1946
 | area_km2                    =  10452
 | area_label                  = Total
 | area_rank                   = 162nd &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
 | area_sq_mi                  = 4036
 | percent_water               = 1.8
 | population_estimate         = {{UN_Population|Lebanon}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
 | population_estimate_year    = {{UN_Population|Year}}
 | population_estimate_rank    = 112th
 | population_density_km2      =  560
 | population_density_sq_mi    = 1,450
 | population_density_rank     = 21st
 | GDP_PPP                     = $88.786&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&amp;ey=2022&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=26&amp;pr1.y=13&amp;c=446&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=Lebanon, International Monetary Fund]&lt;/ref&gt;
 | GDP_PPP_year                = 2024
 | GDP_PPP_rank                = 88th
 | GDP_PPP_per_capita          = $19,128
 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank     = 80th
 | GDP_nominal                 = $19.915&amp;nbsp;billion
 | GDP_nominal_year            = 2020
 | GDP_nominal_rank            = 86th
 | GDP_nominal_per_capita      = $11,615
 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 71st
 |Gini = &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year                   =
|Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini_ref =
|Gini_rank =
 | HDI                         = 0.763 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
 | HDI_year                    = 2015&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
 | HDI_change                  = decrease&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
 | HDI_ref                     = &lt;Ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |year=2016 |accessdate=23 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | HDI_rank                    = 76th
 | currency                    = [[Lebanese pound]]
 | currency_code               = LBP
 | time_zone                   = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
 | utc_offset                  = +2
 | utc_offset_DST              = +3
 | time_zone_DST               = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
 | drives_on                   = Right&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.adcidl.com/Driving-in-Lebanon.html |title=Driving in Lebanon |publisher=adcidl.com |accessdate=17 January 2013 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=17 Bisha Koobaad 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117000049/http://www.adcidl.com/Driving-in-Lebanon.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/Ref&gt;
 | calling_code                = [[Telephone numbers in Lebanon|+961]]
 | cctld                       = [[.lb]]
 | area_magnitude              = 1 E10
 }}
[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|thumb|210px|Lubnaan]]
[[File:LocationLebanon.svg|thumb|210px|Lubnaan, Aasiya]]
[[Lubnaan]] (Carabi: الجمهوريّة اللبنانيّة) waa mid kamida dawladaha [[carbeed]] waxaa ay ku taalaa bariga dhexe waxa ay kaga taalaa qaarada [[aasiya]] koonfur galbeed waxa ay xuduud la leedahay wadamada  [[Suuriya]], [[Israaiil]] iyo [[Falastiin]]. Waxa kale oo ay xuduud ku leedahay bada dhexe ama bada cad taariikhda Lubnaan aad ayay u dheertahay waxa ay leedahay.
[[File:Walid_Jumblatt_6C2.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Walid Jumblatt {{Flag|Lebanon}}]]

==Taariikhda iyo Xogta==
Lubnaan waxa lagu magacaabi jiray ''[[Phoenicia]]'' oo hoos timaada [[Boqortooyada Roomaanka]].  Qaar ka mid ah macbadyada ugu waaweyn ee Qarniyadii waxay ku yaalliin [[Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)|Heliopolis]].  Qarnigii siddeedaad [[Carabtii]] waxay qabsadeen Foyniya oo ku soo rogeen diintoodii. Laakiin meelo badan oo buuraha ku hadhay Masiixi sida &quot;Maroniit ah&quot;.

Lubnaan waxay leedahay laba silsiladood oo buuro ah.  Waxay leedahay khad dheer [[xeeb]].  Bedka Lubnaan waa 10,452 kilomitir oo laba jibbaaran.

Lubnaan waxay ahayd [[madax-bannaanida|madaxbanaan]] ilaa 1943. [[magaalada caasimadda]] waa [[Bayruut]].

Dheer oo gaadhaysa ilaa 7000 oosano. Siyaasadda haddii aynu hada lubnaan waa wadan siyaasad ahaan dimuquraadi ah waxa xukunka loo qaybsadaa. Hab diimeed ama madhabeed.inta badan dadka lubnaan waacarab. Waxa ay kalahaystaan [[Islaam]] iyo kirista. [[Kiristanka]] lubnaana waa mid kaduwan kadawladaha carbta. Oo waxa ay leeyihiin awood balaadhan. Lubnaniyiintu waaydii hore ayay dabadaha u haajiriin caalamkana meelkasta way kajoogaan. Lubnaan waxa ay dagaalo lagashay dawlada yahuuda kadib markii ay yuhuudu ka qabsadeen koonfurta oo dhan sanadii [[1982]]. Mudabadan kadib lubnaan waxa ay koonfurta dib usoo ceshatay sanadii 2000 taasna waxaa sabab u ahaa xisbiga xisbulah.oo dhuunta u galay dawalda yuhuuda. Dagaalkaa yahuuda kasakaw lubnaan waxa kadhacay dagaalo sokeeye, oo aad udarnaa badhtamihii todobaataneeyadii ilaa dhamaadkii sideetameeyadii 2900 sano kahor miladiga waxa magaca lubnaan 12 jeer lagu sheegay gabayo xiligaas latiriyay.

[[Cedar|Cedar]] waa [[calaamadaha qaranka]].

==Dadweynaha==
Ku dhawaad ​​5.2 milyan oo qof ayaa ku nool Lubnaan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=July 2021|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lebanon/#people-and-society|accessdate=|website=CIA|publisher=United States government|archive-date=2021-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111113708/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lebanon/#people-and-society|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ku dhawaad ​​14 milyan oo qof oo Lubnaaniyiin ah ayaa ku nool meel ka baxsan Lubnaan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 2018|title=The Lebanese Diaspora: An Exploration of Assimilation and Success in the United States|url=https://digital.sandiego.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1103&amp;context=dissertations}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Gobolada iyo Degmooyinka==
* [[Beirut Governorate]]
** Maamulka Beyruut looma qaybin degmooyin wuxuuna ku kooban yahay magaalada [[Beyruut]]
* [[Gobolka Nabatieh]] (''Jabal Amel'')
** [[Degmada Bint Jebiil|Bint Jbeil]]
** [[Degmada Xasbaaya|Hasbaya]]
** [[Degmada Marjeeyoon|Marjeyoun]]
** [[Degmada Nabatiye|Nabatieh]]
* [[Gobolka Beqaa]]
** [[Degmada Balcad|Baalbek]]
** [[Degmada Hermel|Hermel]]
** [[Degmada Rashaya|Rashaya]]
** [[Degmada Beqaa Galbeed|Western Beqaa]] (''al-Beqaa al-Gharbi'')
** [[Degmada Zahle|Zahle]]
* [[Gobolka Waqooyi]] (''al-Shamal'')
** [[Degmada Akkar|Akkar]]
** [[Batroun District|Batroun]]
** [[Bsharri District|Bsharri]]
** [[Koura District|Koura]]
** [[Miniyeh-Danniyeh District|Miniyeh-Danniyeh]]
** [[Tripoli District|Tripoli]]
** [[Zgharta District|Zgharta]]
* [[Mount Lebanon Governorate]] (''Jabal Lubnan'')
** [[Aley District|Aley]]
** [[Baabda District|Baabda]]
** [[Byblos]] (''Jbeil'')
** [[Chouf District|Chouf]]
** [[Keserwan District|Keserwan]]
** [[Matn District|Matn]]
* [[South Governorate]] (''al-Janoub'')
** [[Jezzine District|Jezzine]]
** [[Sidon District|Sidon]] (''Saida'')
** [[Tyre District|Tyre]] (''Sur'')

[[File:Pano Baalbek 1.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Goobta taariikhiga ah ee Bacalbek ([[Heliopolis (Roman Phoenicia)|Heliopolis]]) ee Lubnaan]]

==Xubin==
* [[Bankiga Aduunka]]
* [[Jaamacada Carabta]]
* [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]]
* [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]]
* [[Qaramada Midoobay]]

==Waddanmaha degaan Lubnaan==
*'''{{Flag|Lebanon}}''' 5,592,631+

* {{Flag|Arab League}} 1,500,000+
*{{Flag|Italy}}  12,000+
* {{Flag|France}}  20,000+ 
* {{Flag|Turkey}} 10,000+
*{{Flag|United Kingdom}} 10,000+
===Kuwo kale===
* [[Dhibaato Lubnaan]]

=Tixraac=
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
{{commons|لبنان / Liban}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
      <sha1>qp0cva8hdxe9c292zqbdhmmwshmytvt</sha1>
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      <text bytes="27291" sha1="ftw8wpkpj11pn982pz6oq7l7gpx0epc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name      = Jamhuuriyadda Côte d'Ivoire
| common_name                 = Ivory Coast
| native_name                 = {{ublist|{{native name|fr|République de Côte d'Ivoire}}|{{native name|dyu|Kɔdiwari Jamana}}}}
| image_flag                  = Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg
| image_coat                  = Coat of Arms of the Ivory Coast.svg
| coa_size                    = 100
| national_motto              = {{native phrase|fr|'Union – Discipline – Travail'|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;'Midnimo – Edbitaan – Hawl'
| national_anthem             = {{lang|fr|[[L'Abidjanaise]]}}&lt;br /&gt;({{Langx|en|&quot;Heestii Abidjan&quot;}})

[[File:United States Navy Band - National Anthem of Côte D'Ivoire &quot;L'Abidjanaise&quot;.ogg]]

{{parabr}}{{center|}}
| image_map                   = {{Switcher|
[[File:Côte d'Ivoire (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]
|Muuji khariidadda Afrika|default=1}}
| map_caption                 = 
| image_map2                  = 
| capital                     = [[Yamoussoukro]]
| coordinates                 = {{Coord|6|51|N|5|18|W|type:city}}
| largest_city                = [[Abidjan]]
| official_languages          = [[Af-Faransiiska Afrika|Faransiis]]
| languages_type              = Luuqadaha&lt;br /&gt;waddaniga ah
| languages                   = {{hlist|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]]|[[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]|[[Af-Carabi]]|[[Luuqadaha Bété|Bété]]|[[Luuqadda Dyula|Dyula]]|[[Luuqadda Baoulé|Baoulé]]|[[Lahjada Bono|Abron]]|[[Luuqadda Agni|Agni]]|[[Luuqadaha Senufo|Senoufo]]|[[Luuqadaha Ivory Coast|kuwo kale]]}}
| ethnic_groups               = {{tree list}}
* 78.0% Reer Ivory Coast
* * 38.0% [[Dadka Akan|Akan]]
* * 22.0% [[Dadka Mandé|Mande-ta Woqooyi]]
* * 22.0% Voltaiques/Gur
* * 9.1% [[Dadka Kru|Kru]]
* * 8.6% [[Dadka Mandé|Mande-ta Koonfureed]]
* * 0.3% dadka jinsiyadda la siiyay ee Ivory Coast
* 22.0% [[Astaamaha dadka ee Ivory Coast|Ajaanib]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
{{tree list/end}}
| ethnic_groups_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year          = Tiriya dowladda ee 2021
| religion                    = {{Ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap;
|42.5% [[Islaamka ee Ivory Coast|Islaam]]
|{{Tree list}}
* 39.8% [[Masiixiyad]]
* * 17.0% [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga ee Ivory Coast|Kaatoolig]]
* * 22.8% [[Masiixi]] kale
{{Tree list/end}}
|12.6% [[Diin la'aan|diin lahayn]]
|2.2% [[Diimaha hiddaha ah ee Afrika|diimaha hiddaha ah]]
|0.7% diimo kale
|2.2% aan ka jawaabin
  }}
| religion_year               = Tiriya dowladda ee 2021
| religion_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
| demonym                     = {{unbulleted list|[[Dadka Ivory Coast|Ivorian]]|Reer Ivory Coast}}
| government_type             = Jamhuuriyad [[Nidaamka madaxtooyada|madaxtooyo]] oo midaysan
| leader_title1               = [[Liiska madaxda gobolka ee Ivory Coast|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1                = [[Alassane Ouattara]]
| leader_title2               = [[Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Ivory Coast|Madaxweyne ku-xigeen]]
| leader_name2                = [[Tiémoko Meyliet Koné]]
| leader_title3               = [[Liiska madaxda xukuumadda ee Ivory Coast|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]
| leader_name3                = [[Robert Beugré Mambé]]
| leader_title4               = Ra'iisul Wasaare ku-xigeen
| leader_name4                = [[Téné Birahima Ouattara]]
| legislature                 = [[Baarlamaanka Ivory Coast]]
| upper_house                 = [[Aqoalka Sare ee Ivory Coast|Aqalka Sare]]
| lower_house                 = [[Golaha Shacabka (Ivory Coast)|Golaha Shacabka]]
| sovereignty_type            = [[Taariikhda Ivory Coast|Taariikhda]]
| established_event1          = Aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda
| established_date1           = 4 Diseembar 1958
| established_event2          = [[Xorriyadda]] ka qaadashada Faransiiska
| established_date2           = 7 Agoosto 1960
| area_km2                    = 322,462
| area_rank                   = 68aad &lt;!-- Should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
| area_sq_mi                  = 124,502 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--&gt;
| percent_water               = 1.4&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Côte d'Ivoire|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cote-divoire/|website=The World Factbook|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence|date=30 March 2022|access-date=16 March 2022|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109221218/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cote-divoire|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate         = 31,500,000&lt;ref name=&quot;2024_data_sheet&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=2024 World Population Data Sheet|url=https://2024-wpds.prb.org/africa/#western-africa|author=[[Population Reference Bureau]]|access-date=11 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year    = Luulyo 2024
| population_estimate_rank    = 49aad
| population_census           = 29,389,150&lt;ref name=&quot;census_2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=RGPH 2021 Résultats globaux|url=https://www.ins.ci/RGP2021/RGPH2021-RESULTATS%20GLOBAUX_VF.pdf|author=[[Institut National de la Statistique de Côte d'Ivoire]]|access-date=9 August 2022|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404151119/https://www.ins.ci/RGP2021/RGPH2021-RESULTATS%20GLOBAUX_VF.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census_year      = Diseembar 2021
| population_density_km2      = 97.7
| population_density_sq_mi    = 236 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank     = 139aad
| GDP_PPP                     = {{increase}} $202.647 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.CI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (CI)|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=662,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2028&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1|website=IMF.org|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|date=10 October 2023|access-date=14 October 2023|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203145913/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=662,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2028&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year                = 2023
| GDP_PPP_rank                = 78aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita          = {{increase}} $6,960&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.CI&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank     = 138aad
| GDP_nominal                 = {{increase}} $79.430 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.CI&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year            = 2023
| GDP_nominal_rank            = 84aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita      = {{increase}} $2,728&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.CI&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 141aad
| Gini                        = 35.3 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year                   = 2021
| Gini_change                 = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref                    = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gini Index coefficient|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204222738/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank                   = 
| HDI                         = 0.582 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year                    = 2023&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change                  = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                     = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Human Development Report 2025|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|language=en|date=6 May 2025|access-date=6 May 2025|archive-date=6 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank                    = 157aad
| currency                    = [[CFA franc-ga Galbeedka Afrika]]
| currency_code               = XOF
| utc_offset                  = ±00:00
| time_zone                   = [[Waqtiga Greenwich|GMT]]
| date_format                 = dd/mm/yyyy
| calling_code                = [[Lambarrada taleefanka ee Ivory Coast|+225]]
| iso3166code                 = CI
| cctld                       = [[.ci]]
| footnote_a                  = Waxaa ku jira qiyaastii 130,000 oo [[Dadka Lubnaan|Lubnaaniyiin ah]] iyo 14,000 oo [[Dadka Faransiiska|Faransiis ah]].
| footnotes                   = {{Notelist}}
| today                       = 
}}

'''Ivory Coast''', sidoo kale loo yaqaanno {{lang|fr|'''Côte d'Ivoire'''|italic=no}}{{Efn|Loo dhawaaqo {{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|oʊ|t|_|d|iː|ˈ|v|w|ɑːr}} {{respell|KOHT|_|dee|VWAR}} ee afka Ingiriisiga&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|title=Cambridge Dictionary: English Dictionary|access-date=26 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo {{IPA|fr|kot divwaʁ||Fr-Côte-d'Ivoire-fr-Paris.ogg}} ee afka Faransiiska.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite dictionary|title=Cote d'Ivoire definition|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cote%20d%27ivoire|access-date=23 May 2014|archive-date=23 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723020443/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cote%20d%27ivoire|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} si rasmi ahna loo yagooray '''Jamhuuriyadda Côte d'Ivoire''', waa dal ku yaalla xeebta koonfureed ee [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Caasimaddiisa, [[Yamoussoukro]], waxay ku taal bartamaha dalka, halka [[Abidjan]] ay tahay magaalada ugu weyn iyo xarunta dhaqaalaha. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Gini]] dhanka [[Xadka Gini iyo Ivory Coast|waqooyi-galbeed]], [[Laybeeriya]] dhanka [[Xadka Ivory Coast iyo Laybeeriya|galbeed]], [[Maali]] dhanka [[Xadka Ivory Coast iyo Maali|waqooyi-galbeed]], [[Burkiina Faaso]] dhanka [[Xadka Burkiina Faaso iyo Ivory Coast|waqooyi-bari]], [[Gana]] dhanka [[Xadka Gana iyo Ivory Coast|bari]], iyo [[Gacanka Gini]] ee [[Badweynta Atlaantik|Atlaantiga]] dhanka koonfureed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis|title=ADDING A SOURCE CODE SEARCHING CAPABILITY TO YIOOP|url=https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.nk56-uyfc|publisher=San Jose State University Library|url-access=subscription|last=Parvatneni|first=Snigdha Rao|date=2013|doi=10.31979/etd.nk56-uyfc}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo leh 31.5 milyan oo qof sanadkii 2024, Ivory Coast waa [[Liiska waddamada Afrika marka loo eego tirada dadka|dalka saddexaad ee ugu dadka badan]] Galbeedka Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;2024_data_sheet&quot; /&gt; Luuqaddeeda rasmiga ah waa [[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]], luuqadaha waddaniga ahna si ballaaran ayaa loo isticmaalaa, oo ay ku jiraan [[Luuqadaha Bété|Bété]], [[Luuqadda Baoulé|Baoulé]], [[Luuqadda Dyula|Dyula]], [[Luuqadda Dan|Dan]], [[Luuqadda Anyin|Anyin]], iyo [[Luuqadaha Senari|Cebaara Senufo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Republic of Côte d'Ivoire|url=https://achpr.au.int/en/member-states/cote-divoire|website=African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights|language=en|access-date=30 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isku gaddoon, waxaa jira ku dhawaad 78 [[Luuqadaha Ivory Coast|luuqadood oo loogu hadlo Ivory Coast]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Dalku wuxuu leeyahay [[Diinta ee Ivory Coast|shacab kala diimo ah]], oo ay ku jiraan taageerayaal badan oo [[Islaamka ee Ivory Coast|Islaamka]], [[Masiixiyadda ee Ivory Coast|Masiixiyadda]] iyo [[Diimaha hiddaha ah ee Afrika|diimaha hiddaha ah]] oo badanaa wata [[animism]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:religions2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=RECENSEMENT GENERAL DE LA POPULATION ET DE L'HABITAT 2021 RESULTATS GLOBAUX DEFINITIFS|url=https://www.caidp.ci/uploads/7113b93cc641ba78c591e9f79a4e729c.pdf|website=Institut National de la Statistique (INS)|language=fr|date=October 2022|access-date=5 August 2023|archive-date=14 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814112828/https://www.caidp.ci/uploads/7113b93cc641ba78c591e9f79a4e729c.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ivory Coast waxay ahaan jirtay hoy u ahaa dhowr dawladood, oo ay ku jiraan [[Gyaman|Gyaaman]], [[Boqortooyadii Kong]], iyo [[Dadka Baoulé|Baoulé]]. Deegaanku wuxuu noqday [[maxmiyad]] Faransiis ah sanadkii 1843 waxaana loo adkeeyay sidii [[Liiska gumeysigii Faransiiska|gumeysi Faransiis]] sanadkii 1893 intii lagu jiray [[Tartankii Afrika]]. Waxay xorriyadda qaadatay sanadkii 1960, iyadoo uu hoggaaminayay [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]], oo xukumay dalka ilaa 1993. Marka loo eego heerarka gobolka, Ivory Coast waxay xiriir dhow oo dhanka siyaasadda iyo dhaqaalaha ah la lahayd dariskeeda Galbeedka Afrika iyadoo sii haysata xiriir dhow oo ay la leedahay [[Isbahaysiga Galbeedka|Galbeedka]], [[Françafrique|gaar ahaan Faransiiska]]. Degganaanshaheedii waxaa ruxay [[Inqilaabkii Ivory Coast ee 1999|inqilaab dhacay 1999]] iyo laba dagaal sokeeye—kii koowaad [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Koowaad ee Ivory Coast|guntii 2002 iyo 2007]]&lt;ref name=&quot;loi&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Loi n° 2000-513 du 1er août 2000 portant Constitution de la République de Côte d'Ivoire|url=http://www.jfaconseil.com/jorci/2000/RCI%20JO%202000-30.pdf|volume=42|journal=Journal Officiel de la République de Côte d'Ivoire|issue=30|pages=529–538|language=fr|date=3 August 2000|archive-date=25 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325153412/http://www.jfaconseil.com/jorci/2000/RCI%20JO%202000-30.pdf|url-status=dead}},&lt;/ref&gt; iyo markale [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Labaad ee Ivory Coast|intii u dhaxeysay 2010–2011]]. Waxay qaadatay [[Dastuurka Ivory Coast|dastuur cusub]] sanadkii 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ivory Coast backs new constitution in landslide vote, opposition cries foul|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20161102-ivory-coast-approves-new-constitution-referendum-opposition-boycott|date=2 November 2016|access-date=8 March 2023|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326030516/https://www.france24.com/en/20161102-ivory-coast-approves-new-constitution-referendum-opposition-boycott|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ivory Coast waa jamhuuriyad leh awood fulineed oo xooggan oo la siiyay [[Liiska madaxda gobolka ee Ivory Coast|madaxweynaheeda]]. Iyadoo loo marayo [[Waxsoosaarka kafeega ee Ivory Coast|waxsoosaarka koofiga]] iyo [[Waxsoosaarka kookaha ee Ivory Coast|kookaha]], waxay ahayd quwadda dhaqaalaha ee Galbeedka Afrika intii lagu jiray 1960-gii iyo 1970-gii, ka dibna waxay la kulantay dhibaato dhaqaale 1980-gii, taasi oo gacan ka geysatay xilli qas siyaasadeed iyo mid bulsho ah oo sii dheeraaday ilaa 2011. Ivory Coast waxay haddana la kulantay korriin dhaqaale oo sarreeya tan iyo markii ay soo laabatay nabadda iyo degganaanshaha siyaasadeed ee 2011. Laga soo bilaabo 2012 ilaa 2023, dhaqaaluhu wuxuu ku koray celcelis ahaan 7.1% sannadkii [[Waxsoosaarka Guud ee Gudaha|marka la eego dhabta]], waana heerka labaad ee ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ee korriinka dhaqaalaha ee Afrika iyo kan afraad ee ugu dhaqsiyaha badan adduunka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=World Economic Outlook database: October 2023|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&amp;s=NGDP_R,&amp;sy=2011&amp;ey=2023&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1|author=[[IMF]]|access-date=11 February 2024|archive-date=19 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219102804/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&amp;s=NGDP_R,&amp;sy=2011&amp;ey=2023&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2023, Ivory Coast waxay lahayd GDP per capita-ga labaad ee ugu sarreeya Galbeedka Afrika, iyadoo ku xigta [[Cape Verde]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=World Economic Outlook database: October 2023|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=614,638,616,748,618,624,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,642,643,734,644,646,648,652,656,654,664,666,668,674,676,678,684,688,728,692,694,714,716,722,718,724,199,733,738,742,746,754,698,&amp;s=PPPPC,&amp;sy=2023&amp;ey=2023&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1|author=[[IMF]]|access-date=11 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naas kasta oo ay taasi jirto, marka loo eego sahankii ugu dambeeyay ee 2016, 46.1% dadka waxaa weli saameyn ku haya [[Tusaha Saboolnimada ee Dhinacyada Badan|saboolnimada dhinacyada badan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023 Côte d'Ivoire|url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/CIV.pdf|website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports|date=2023|access-date=15 April 2024|archive-date=16 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416190049/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/CIV.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2023, Ivory Coast waa dalka ugu weyn adduunka ee dhoofiya digirta kookaha, wuxuuna leeyahay dakhli aad u sarreeya marka loo eego gobolkiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Cocoa beans, whole/broken, raw/roasted – Imports and Exports – 2023|url=https://trendeconomy.com/data/commodity_h2/180100#:~:text=Top%20exporters%20of%20Cocoa%20beans,%2D%205.38%25%20($417%20million)|publisher=Trendeconomy|date=7 November 2024|access-date=20 March 2024|archive-date=25 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125140048/https://trendeconomy.com/data/commodity_h2/180100|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhaqaaluhu weli wuxux si weyn ugu tiirsan yahay beeraha, iyadoo [[Beeraleyda yaryar|beeraleyda yaryar]] ee soo saarta dalagyada lacagta lagu doonayo ay u badan yihiin.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt;

==Asalka magaca==
Asal ahaan, [[Sahan badeedka Burtuqiiska|ganacsatada-sahamiyayaasha Burtuqiiska]] ee qarniyadii 15aad iyo 16aad waxay u qaybiyeen xeebta galbeed ee Afrika, si qallafsan, afar &quot;xeebood&quot; oo ka tarjumayay kheyraadka laga heli karo xeeb kasta. Xeebta ay u bixiyeen {{lang|pt|Costa do Marfim}}—oo macnaheedu yahay 'xeebta fool-maroodiga', loona turjumay Faransiis ahaan {{lang|fr|Côte d'Ivoire}}—waxay u dhaxaysay wixii loo yaqaanay {{lang|pt|Guiné de Cabo Verde}}, oo loo yaqaanay &quot;Gini-da Sare&quot; ee ku taal {{lang|fr|[[Cap-Vert]]|italic=no}}, iyo Gini-da Hoose.{{sfn|Thornton|1996|pp=53–56}}{{sfn|Lipski|2005|p=39}} Waxaa sidoo kale jiray [[Xeebta Basbaaska]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan &quot;Xeebta Siraadka&quot; (Laybeeriyada maanta), &quot;[[Xeebta Dahabka (gobo)|Xeebta Dahabka]]&quot; (Gana), iyo &quot;[[Xeebta Addoomaha ee Galbeedka Afrika|Xeebta Addoomaha]]&quot; (Toogo, Benin iyo Nayjeeriya). Sida kuwaas oo kale, magaca ''Ivory Coast'' wuxuu ka tarjumayay ganacsigii weynaa ee ka jiray qaybtaas gaarka ah ee xeebta: dhoofinta [[fool-maroodiga]].{{sfn|Duckett|1853|p=594}}{{sfn|Thornton|1996|pp=53–56}}{{sfn|Homans|1858|p=14}}{{sfn|Lipski|2005|p=39}}{{sfn|Plée|1868|p=146}}

Magacyada kale ee deegaanka loo yaqaanay waxaa ka mid ahaa {{lang|fr|Côte de Dents}},{{Efn|[[Joseph Vaissète]], buuggiisii 1755 ee {{lang|fr|Géographie historique, ecclésiastique et civile}}, wuxuu ku liisgreeyay magaca sidii {{lang|fr|La Côte des Dents}} ('Xeebta Ilkaha'), laakiin wuxuu xusay in {{lang|fr|Côte de Dents}} ay tahay qaabka ugu saxan.{{sfn|Vaissète|1755|pp=185–186}}|name=teeths}} oo macnaheedu yahay 'Xeebta Ilkaha', markale ka tarjumaysa ganacsiga fool-maroodiga;{{sfn|Blanchard|1818|p=57}}{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=100}}{{sfn|Duckett|1853|p=594}}{{sfn|Lipski|2005|p=39}}{{sfn|Plée|1868|p=146}}{{sfn|Walckenaer|1827|p=35}} {{lang|fr|Côte de Quaqua}}, oo loogu magac daray dadkii ay reer Holland u bixiyeen ''Quaqua'' (ama ''Kwa Kwa'');{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=100}}{{sfn|Thornton|1996|pp=53–56}}{{sfn|Vaissète|1755|pp=185–186}} Xeebta Shanta iyo Lixda Xariijimood, oo loogu magac daray nooc ka mid ah dharka cudbiga ah ee halkaas lagu gadan jiray;{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=100}} iyo ''Côte du Vent'',{{Efn|{{lang|fr|Côte du Vent}} mararka qaarkood waxay muujinaysay isku-darka xeebaha &quot;Ivory&quot; iyo &quot;Siraadka&quot;, ama mararka qaar xeebta &quot;Siraadka&quot; oo kaliya.{{sfn|Duckett|1853|p=594}}{{sfn|Thornton|1996|pp=53–56}}|name=vent}} Xeebta Dabaylaha, sababo la xiriira xaaladaha cimilada maxaliga ah ee xeebta ka baxsan.{{sfn|Duckett|1853|p=594}}{{sfn|Thornton|1996|pp=53–56}} Qarnigii 19aad, isticmaalku wuxuu u guuray {{lang|fr|Côte d'Ivoire}}.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=100}}

Xeebta dawladda casriga ahi si sax ah uma wada eka wixii ay ganacsatadii qarniyadii 15aad iyo 16aad u yaqaaneen xeebta &quot;Ilkaha&quot; ama &quot;Ivory&quot;, taasi oo loo haystay inay ka soo bilaabato [[Cape Palmas]] ilaa [[Cape Three Points]] taas oo hadda u qaybsan dawladaha casriga ah ee Gana iyo Ivory Coast (iyadoo qayb yar ay haysato Laybeeriya).{{sfn|Blanchard|1818|p=57}}{{sfn|Homans|1858|p=14}}{{sfn|Walckenaer|1827|p=35}}{{sfn|Vaissète|1755|pp=185–186}} Waxay sii haysatay magaca intii lagu jiray xukunkii Faransiiska iyo xorriyaddii 1960.&lt;ref name=&quot;WDL1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The Ivory Coast|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/643|publisher=[[World Digital Library]]|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-date=4 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204073233/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/643/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Magaca muddo dheer ayaa si dhab ah loogu turjumay luuqado kale,{{Efn|Turjumaadaha dhabta ah waxaa ka mid ah {{langx|de|Elfenbeinküste}}, {{langx|it|Costa d'Avorio}}, {{langx|fi|Norsunluurannikko}}, {{langx|ru|Бе́рег Слоно́вой Ко́сти}}, iyo {{langx|en|Ivory Coast|italic=no}}.{{sfn|David|2000|p=7}}|name=trans}} taasi oo xukuumaddii xorriyadda ka dib ay u aragtay dhibaato sii kordheysa mar kasta oo xiriirkeeda caalamiga ah uu dhaafsiisanyahay fagaaraha ku hadla Af-Faransiiska. Sidaa darteed, bishii Abriil 1986, xukuumaddu waxay ku dhawaaqday in '''{{lang|fr|Côte d'Ivoire}}''' (ama, si buuxda, {{lang|fr|République de Côte d'Ivoire}}{{sfn|Auzias|Labourdette|2008|p=9}}) ay ahaan doonto magaceeda rasmiga ah ee ujeedooyinka hab-maamuuska dublamaasiyadeed, tan iyo markaasna waxay si rasmi ah u diidday inay aqoonsato wax turjumaad ah oo laga bixiyo Faransiiska loona turjumayo luuqado kale marka ay la macaamilayso caalamka.{{sfn|David|2000|p=7}}{{sfn|Lea|Rowe|2001|p=127}}{{sfn|Jessup|1998|p=351}} In kasta oo ay jirtay codsiga xukuumadda Ivory Coast, turjumaada Ingiriisiga ah ee &quot;Ivory Coast&quot; (badanaa &quot;''the'' Ivory Coast&quot;) ayaa weli si joogto ah loogu isticmaalaa Ingiriisiga meelo kala duwan oo warbaahinta iyo daabacadaha ah. Dawlado badan ayaa u isticmaala &quot;Côte d'Ivoire&quot; sababo dublamaasiyadeed, sida ay u isticmaalaan xarumahooda warbaahineed, sida [[CCTV News (Chinese)|CCTV News]] ee Shiinaha. Ururada kale ee isticmaala &quot;Côte d'Ivoire&quot; waxaa ka mid ah [[Central Intelligence Agency]] ee buuggooda ''[[The World Factbook|World Factbook]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt; iyo ururada isboortiga caalamiga ah ee [[FIFA]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=CAF Member Associations|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/memberassociations.aspx|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|access-date=20 July 2017|archive-date=25 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725110443/http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/memberassociations.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo [[Guddiga Olombikada Caalamiga ah|IOC]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Côte d'Ivoire|url=https://www.olympic.org/cote-d-voire|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]|access-date=20 July 2017|archive-date=18 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718054551/https://www.olympic.org/cote-d-ivoire|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; (iyagoo tixraacaya [[Xulka kubadda cagta qaranka ee Ivory Coast|xulkooda kubadda cagta qaranka]] iyo kooxaha Olombikada ee ciyaaraha caalamiga ah iyo baahinta rasmiga ah), ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Cote d'Ivoire|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/139651/Cote-dIvoire|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=20 June 2010|archive-date=18 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618075934/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/139651/Cote-dIvoire|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo ''[[National Geographic Society]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Places Directory|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destination/cote-divoire?source=A-to-Z|publisher=[[National Geographic Society]]|date=25 June 2008|access-date=20 June 2010|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308101113/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destination/cote-divoire?source=A-to-Z|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[BBC]]-du badanaa waxay u isticmaashaa &quot;Ivory Coast&quot; labadaba warbixinnada wararka iyo boggeeda ku saabsan dalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Country profile: Ivory Coast|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1043014.stm|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=24 February 2010|access-date=30 April 2010|archive-date=15 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415042400/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1043014.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si la mid ah, ''[[The Economist]]'' wuxuu sheegayaa &quot;...Ivory Coast, ''faal'' Côte d'Ivoire...&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Wroe|first=Ann|title=The Economist Style Guide: The Bestselling Guide to English Usage|url=https://archive.org/details/economiststylegu0000annw|publisher=Profile Books|year=2018|isbn=978 1 78125 831 6|edition=12th|location=Great Britain|page=[https://archive.org/details/economiststylegu0000annw/page/112 112]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]], [[Fox News]], ''[[The Times]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Shirkadda Baahinta ee Koonfur Afrika]], iyo [[CBC News|Shirkadda Baahinta ee Kanada]] dhamaantood waxay u isticmaalaan &quot;Ivory Coast&quot; si gaar ah ama ugu weyn.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cumaan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3442" sha1="9a9gmddlpa59fffwang32os1bvr3bgc" xml:space="preserve">{{Dalalka
|native_name                   = &lt;span style=&quot;line-height:1.33em;&quot;&gt;Suldaanada Cumaan &lt;/span&gt;
|conventional_long_name        = سلطنة عمان
|common_name                   = Cumaan
|qaaradda                       = [[Bariga dhexe]]
|sawir_calan                   = Flag_of_Oman.svg
|sawir_qaran                   =
|image_map                     = Oman in its region.svg
|astaan_calan                  = Nashid as-Salaam as-Suldaan
|astaan_calan                  = 
|image_map                     = 
|caasimadda                    = [[Muscad]]
|luuqadaha                     = [[Af-Carabi]]
|caasimada                     = [[Muscad]]   
|Dawladda                       = &amp;nbsp;
|darajo_hogaamiye1             = [[Suldaan]]
|Madaxweyne]]
|darajo_hogaamiye2             =  [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] 
|magac_hogaamiye1              = Qaboos bin Saciid Al Saciid
|magac_hogaamiye2              = Fahad bin Maxamuud al Saciid
|sovereignty_type              = '''K'''
|sovereignty_note              = 
|established_event1            = 
|established_date1             = [[1744]]  
|area                          = 309,550 km2
|areami²                       = 119,498 
|biyo                          = micno la aan
|population_estimate           = 2,845,000
|population_estimate_year      = 2009
|lacagta                       = Riyaalka Cumaan (OMR) 
|wakhti                        = Sammar DST
|furaha_debedda		       = 968
}}

[[w:ar:oman]]

'''Cumaan''' waa wadan ku yaalo koonfurta bari ee [[jasiirad]] dhuleedka [[Bariga Dhexe]].Cumaan waxee xuduud la leedahay wadamada [[Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Imaaraatka Carabta|Imaaraadka Carabta]] iyo [[Yemen]].Wadankaan waxaa xukumo dowlad suldaaneed, ninka suldaanka ah ayaa doorto wasiirada maamulo dalka, run ahaantii asiga ayaa haayo xukumada wadanka dhan, shacabka cumaan neh aad ayee ula jiraan ama ee garab istaagsanyihiin suldaanka xukumada 30ka sano haayo.Wadanka tartiib tartiib oo u noqonooyaan wadan dimoqraadiyad ah, 1990kii suldaanka waxoo ku dhawaaqay in ee shacabka doortaan xildhibaano lataliye ah golaha (Majlis ash-Shura), doorashadaas neh dad aad u yar ayaa ka soo qeeb galay. 2003ii waxaa la hirgaliyay in da'da doorashada ee noqoto 21jir,dadkii da'daas qabay ama ka weynaa waxee doorteen 84kursi, waxeena dadkaas tiradooda ahaayeen ilaa 190,000 oo qof. Cumaan maanta waxaa ka shaqeeyo shirkado badan oo ajaanib oo wadamo badan ka kala yimaaday,shirkadahaas neh waxaa loogu tala galay in ee dadka cumaanka ah ee shaqo geeyaan. wadanka waxoo ku dadaalooyaa horumarinta bulshada, dhaqaalaha cumaan neh aad ayee u kordhoosaa.
[[File:Bahla_Fort-109699.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]]
[[File:Traditional_Omani_Food.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]]
[[File:Nakhalfarms.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]]
[[File:Portsmouth_korvet_Al-Shamikh_Oman_18-10-2011_15-15-51.png|thumb|right|195px|]]
==Taariiqda cumaan==

==Xubin==
*_[[IMF]]
_-_-_-_-_:
**[[Bankiga Aduunka]]_*
_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-___-_:.

* [[Jaamacada Carabta]]_*
_-_-_-___-_-_-__—_-_-_-:..:.:

* [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]]_* *

_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-__:
* [[Qaramada Midoobay]]_*
_-_-_-___-_-_-_-_-_-_-___-.:

==Waddanmaha Degaanka Oman==

* {{Flag|Bahrain}}: 40,000+

* {{Flag|Qatar}}:30,000+

* {{Flag|Kuwait}}:20,000+

* {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}:120,000+

* {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}:50,000++

{{commons|‎عمان (سلطنة)‏}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Falastiin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4384</id>
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      <text bytes="14550" sha1="4vootw63urvfrwbfgerd1k5izjhueyq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
 |conventional_long_name = Dawladda Falastiin
 |common_name            = Palestine
 |native_name            = {{native name|ar|دولة فلسطين|italics=off}}&lt;br&gt;''{{transl|ar|Dawlat Filasṭīn}}''
 |image_flag             = Flag of Palestine.svg
 |image_coat             = Coat of arms of Palestine.svg
 |symbol_width           = 70px
 |national_anthem        = &quot;{{lang|ar|{{big|فدائي}}}}&quot;&lt;br /&gt;{{lower|0.1em|&quot;[[Fida'i]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Palestinian National Authority |access-date=8 June 2014 |website=World Statesmen.org |url=http://worldstatesmen.org/Palestinian_National_Authority.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208062450/http://worldstatesmen.org/Palestinian_National_Authority.htm |archive-date=8 February 2014 |deadurl=no |publisher=Ben Cahoon |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Palestine |accessdate=8 June 2014 |website=nationalanthems.info |url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/ps.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331034257/http://www.nationalanthems.info/ps.htm |archive-date=31 March 2014 |format=includes audio |deadurl=no |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Jabhad&quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;center&gt; &lt;/center&gt;
|image_map              = State of Palestine (orthographic projection).svg
 |map_width              = 220px
 |map_caption            = Dhul ay sheegato Dawladda Falastiin (cagaaran)&lt;ref name=only1967/&gt;&lt;br&gt;Dhul sidoo kale ay sheegatay Israaiil (cagaar khafiif ah)
 |capital={{unbulleted list
|item1_style=white-space:nowrap;margin-bottom:2px;|[[Jerusalem]]:-){{ref label|capital|ii|}}&lt;ref name=Bissiop433&gt;{{cite book |title=The World: A Third World Guide 1995–96 |url=https://archive.org/details/worldthirdworldg0000unse |editor=Bissio, Robert Remo |location=[[Montevideo]] |publisher=[[ITeM|Instituto del Tercer Mundo]] |year=1995 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldthirdworldg0000unse/page/443 443] |isbn=978-0-85598-291-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Lapidoth&gt;{{cite web|first1=Ruth |last1=Lapidoth |author1-link=Ruth Lapidoth |title=Jerusalem: Some Legal Issues |date=2011 |access-date=5 June 2014 |website=The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies |url=http://www.jiis.org/.upload/lapidoth-jerusalem.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605013337/http://www.jiis.org/.upload/lapidoth-jerusalem.pdf |archive-date=5 June 2014 |deadurl=no |format=PDF |page=26 |quote=The attitude of the Palestinians was expressed inter alia in 1988 and 2002. When the Palestine National Council proclaimed in November 1988 the establishment of a Palestinian State, it asserted that Jerusalem was its capital. In October 2002, the Palestinian Legislative Council adopted the Law on the Capital, which stipulates that Jerusalem is the capital of the Palestinian State, the main seat of its three branches of government. The State of Palestine is the sovereign of Jerusalem and of its holy places. Any statute or agreement that diminishes the rights of the Palestinian State in Jerusalem is invalid. This statute can be amended only with the consent of two-thirds of the members of the Legislative Council. The 2003 Basic Law also asserts that Jerusalem is the capital of the State of Palestine. |df= }} Reprinted from: [[Rüdiger Wolfrum|Wolfrum, Rüdiger]] (ed.) (online 2008, print 2011). ''[[Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law|The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law]]''. Oxford University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Baytulaxam]]:-)
}}
|status = [[List of states with limited recognition|Partially recognized state]], [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN observer state]]&lt;br&gt;[[International recognition of the State of Palestine|Recognized by 136 UN member states]]
|capital_type           = {{unbulleted list
|item1_style=white-space:nowrap;margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:2px;|Proclaimed capital
|Administrative&lt;br&gt;center
}}
|largest_city =•[[Marinka Gaza]]:-)
|official_languages = [[Carabi]]
|demonym            = Palestinian
|government_type    = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]&lt;ref name=declaration1988&gt;{{cite web|title=Declaration of Independence (1988) (UN Doc) |date=18 November 1988 |accessdate=8 June 2014 |website=State of Palestine Permanent Observer Mission to the United Nations |url=http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/cache/offonce/pid/12353 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608203237/http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/cache/offonce/pid/12353 |archive-date=8 June 2014 |deadurl=yes |publisher=United Nations |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- Articles in Wikipedia may not be used as citations; I have cited the published document --&gt;
|leader_title1          = [[President of the State of Palestine|President]]
|leader_name1           = [[Mahmoud Abbas]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|leader_title2          = [[Prime Minister of the State of Palestine|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2           = [[Rami Hamdallah]]
|leader_title3          = [[Palestinian National Council|Speaker of Parliament]]
|leader_name3           = [[Salim Zanoun]]
|legislature            = [[Palestinian National Council|National Council]]
|sovereignty_type         = [[State of Palestine#History|Formation]]
|established_event1       = [[Palestinian Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]]
|established_date1        = 15 November 1988
|established_event2       = [[United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19|UNGA observer state resolution]]
|established_date2        = 29 November 2012
|established_event3       = Sovereignty dispute with [[Israel]]
|established_date3        = {{nowrap|''Ongoing''&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;{{ref label|control|iii|}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first1=Maayana |last1=Miskin |title=PA Weighs 'State of Palestine' Passport |date=5 December 2012 |accessdate=8 June 2014 |website=israelnationalnews.com |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/162844#.U5TD6vmICm6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207082503/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/162844 |archive-date=7 December 2012 |deadurl=no |publisher=Arutz Sheva |quote=A senior PA official revealed the plans in an interview with ''Al-Quds'' newspaper. The change to 'state' status is important because it shows that 'the state of Palestine is occupied,' he said. |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Limitations&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=State of Palestine name change shows limitations|url=https://news.yahoo.com/state-palestine-name-change-shows-limitations-200641448.html|agency=AP|date=17 January 2013|quote=Israel remains in charge of territories the world says should one day make up that state.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110025703/http://news.yahoo.com/state-palestine-name-change-shows-limitations-200641448.html |archivedate=10 January 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--end nowrap:--&gt;}}
|area_km2               = 6,020 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |chapterurl=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf |chapter=Table 3, Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density |title=Demographic Yearbook |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012.htm |date=2012 |publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]] |accessdate=28 January 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!-- Area should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
|area_rank              = 163rd &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
|area_footnote          =
|area_sq_mi             = 2,320 &lt;!-- Area should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
|percent_water=3.5&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/we.html |title=The World Factbook: Middle East: West Bank |website=cia.gov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506164505/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/we.html |archive-date=6 May 2014 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=7 April 2014 |accessdate=8 June 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|area_label2 = [[West Bank]]
|area_data2 = 5,860&amp;nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}
|area_label3 = [[Gaza Strip]]
|area_data3 = 360&amp;nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gz.html |title=The World Factbook: Middle East: Gaza Strip |website=cia.gov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608204417/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gz.html |archive-date=8 June 2014 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=12 May 2014 |accessdate=8 June 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_estimate=4,550,368&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Estimated Population in the Palestinian Territory Mid-Year by Governorate,1997–2016 |accessdate=8 June 2014 |website=Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_Rainbow/Documents/gover_e.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608204943/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_Rainbow/Documents/gover_e.htm |archive-date=8 June 2014 |publisher=State of Palestine |deadurl=no |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_estimate_year = 2014
|population_estimate_rank = 123rd
|population_census_year   =
|population_density_km2   = 731
|population_density_sq_mi = 1,895
|population_density_rank  =
|GDP_PPP                  = {{nowrap|$11.95 billion&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}}
|GDP_PPP_year             = 2008&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank             = –
|GDP_PPP_per_capita       = $2,900&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank  = –
|Gini             = 35.5
|Gini_year        = 2009
|Gini_change      = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini_ref=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=GINI Index: West Bank and Gaza |accessdate=8 June 2014 |website=The World Bank: Data |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608054636/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archive-date=8 June 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank        =
|HDI              = 0.677&lt;!--number only, between 0 and 1--&gt;
|HDI_year         = 2014&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change       = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI_ref          = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |date=2015 |accessdate=15 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank         = 113th
|currency         = {{unbulleted list |[[Egyptian pound]] ([[ISO 4217|EGP]]) |[[Israeli new shekel]] (ILS) |[[Jordanian dinar]] (JOD)&lt;ref&gt;According to [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Gaza-Jericho+Agreement+Annex+IV+-+Economic+Protoco.htm Article 4 of the 1994 Paris Protocol]. The Protocol allows the Palestinian Authority to adopt multiple currencies. In the [[West Bank]], the Israeli new sheqel and Jordanian dinar are widely accepted; while in the [[Gaza Strip]], the Israeli new sheqel and Egyptian pound are widely accepted.&lt;/ref&gt;| (see also [[Palestinian currency]])}}
|time_zone = [[Palestine Standard Time]]
|utc_offset = +2
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|time_zone_DST = [[Palestine Summer Time]]
|date_format      = dd/mm/yyyy&lt;!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (CE, AD, AH, etc.)--&gt;
|drives_on        = right
|calling_code     = [[+970]]
|iso3166code      = PS
|cctld            = [[.ps]]
|footnote_a       = Population and economy statistics and rankings are based on data from the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics|PCBS]].
|footnote_b       = Also the leader of the state's government.{{big|{{ref label|PLOChair|iv|}}}}
|footnote_c       = The territories claimed are under [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli occupation]].
|country_code     = PLE
}}{{Coord|31.6253|N|35.1453|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
'''Falastiin''', ([[Carabi]]: فلسطين, [[Hebrew|Af-Cibriga]]:  ארץ ישראל ) waa wadan ku yaalo bariga dhexe ee [[Qaarad]]a [[Aasiya]].
Falastiin, waxa ay Xuduud la leedahay wadamada [[Masar]], [[Urdun]], [[suuriya]], [[Lubnaan]] iyo [[Israaiil]]. Markii hore dhulka waxaa degenaan jiray carab falastiin ah iyo yahuud aad u yareed, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa in ee falastiinta ee gaarayaan in ka badan 8 miliyan oo qof, (dad tiriskii 1997), qaxootiga falastiinta waxee kala degenyihiin wadamada [[Urdun]] 3miliyan , [[Lubnaan]] 400,000 iyo wadamada kale ee carabta in kabadan 800,000 oo falastiin ah, Qaar neh waxee kala degenyihiin wadamada aduunka, [[Yurub]], [[Ameerika]], iyo [[Aasiya]], Falastiinta badankooda ama 3diiba 1 waxuu ku jiraa Kaamamka qaxootiga.dadka reer falastiin hadii ay hal meel wada degaan yuhuuda waxay ku keeni kartaa war war aad u badan.

== Taariikh ==
::''Shaxdan tusmada waa in la hagaajiyaa.''
Taariikhda Falastiin waxa ay inbadan kuxusantahay qoraalada diiniga ha ee yuhuudiga masiixiga iyo islaamka.falastiin waa dhulka nabiyda iyo rususha,waana qibladii islaamka ee ugu horaysay. Falastiin waxa ilaa hada kadhisan dhismayaal taariikh aad iyo aad udheer leh oo cadaynaya taariikhda soojireenka ah ee israaiil ay leedahay. falastiin waxa ayleedahay taariikh soo jiitamaysay xiliyo aad iyo aad u fog waa dhulkii ay kunoolaayeen shacabkii looyaqaanay [[Kanaan]] magaca falastiin cidiibixisay waxa ay ahaayeen giriigii hore markaas oo ay magaca falastiin u bixiyiin dhulka xeebaha ah ee wadnka falastiin.xiliyada qaar magaca falastiin waxa loogu yeedhi jiray dhulka falastiin iyo wadanka Urdun oo wadan socda.

== Kaalinta Diimeed ==
Falastiin ahmiyad wayn ayay u leedahay sadexda diimood ee samawiga ah amaba diimaha samada kasoo dagay .Yuhuudiga Kiristanka iyo Islaamka.taariikha Falastiin soomaray,waxaa kamid ahaa qaar dagaalada iyo muranada kataagnaa ay ahaayeen murano iyo dagaalo diimeed.Sida [[Weeraradii Siliibiyiinta]] sidoo kale marmarka qaarkood dagaalka ka dhexeeya carabta iyo israaiil waxa uu noqdaa dagaal diimeed.
=== Islaamka ===
Islaamka kaalin wayn ayay falastiin kuleedahay,waa dhulkii barakaysnaa ee ilaahay [[Qur'aan]]kiisa ku sheegay,ilaahay suurada [[Isra]] waxa uu kusheegay &quot;in [[Masjid Al-Aqsa|Misaajidka Al-Aqsa]] iyo hareerihiisuba ay barakaysanyihiin&quot;. Ilaahay markalale kitaabkiisa kariimka ayuu ku sheegay &quot;Dhulka Falastiin marka uu yidhi kor ahaaye&quot; 
[[File:Al-Khader.jpg|thumb|195px|]]
[[File:Palestine_breakfast.jpg|thumb|195px|]]
[[File:Placa_dels_màrtirs_Nablus.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]]

==Xubin==

* [[Jaamacada Carabta]]
* [[Qaramada Midoobay]]
* [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]]

== Sidoo kale Eeg ==
* [[Maamulka Falastiin]]
* [[Daanta galbeed]]
{{commonscat|Palestine}}

=Tixraac=
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
      <sha1>4vootw63urvfrwbfgerd1k5izjhueyq</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Urdun</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="5210" sha1="mcy30enie037as6azb9c4v4u9q9z2a6" xml:space="preserve">{{Dalalka
|native_name                   = Boqortooyada Haashimit ee Urdun&lt;br /&gt;''المملكة الأردنية الهاشميه '' 
|conventional_long_name        = ''''
|common_name                   = Urdun
|qaaradda                       = [[Bariga Dhexe]]
|sawir_calan                   = Flag of Jordan.svg
|sawir_qaran                   = 
|image_map                = Urdun 
|astaan_calan                  = [[عاش المليك]] ''&lt;small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Boqorka hanoolaado
|image_map                     = LocationJordan.svg
|caasimadda                    = [[Camaan]]
|luuqadaha                     = [[Af-Carabi]]
|caasimada                     = [[Cuman]]   
|Dawladda                       = &amp;nbsp;
|darajo_hogaamiye1             = [[Boqor]]
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_rank = 87th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $11,54O
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 86th
| GDP_nominal = $41.692 billion
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_rank = 92nd
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,292
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 95th
|Madaxweyne]]
|darajo_hogaamiye2             =  [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] 
|magac_hogaamiye1              =  Cabdullahi II.
|magac_hogaamiye2              =  Cown Al Khasaawna:
|sovereignty_type              = '''Ka xoroobey'''
|sovereignty_note              = Gumeystihii [[Ingiriis]]ka
|established_event1            = Taariikhda
|established_date1             = 25 [[Maajo]], [[1946]] 
|area                          = 92,300 km2
|areami²                       = 35,637 
|biyo                          = 0.8
|population_estimate           = 6,316,000&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|population_estimate_year      = 2009
|lacagta                       = Urdun Dinaar 
|wakhti                        = Summer (DST)
|furaha_debedda		       = 962
|footnote1                     = 
}}
'''Urdun''' (الأردن) waa maamul madaxbanaan oo ah boqortooyada Haashimiyad ee Urdun (Carabi: المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية, Al-Mamlakah Al-Urdunnīyah Al-Hāshimīyah) waa Gobolka Carabta ee ku yaal galbeedka Aasiya, oo ku taal Bankiga Bariga ee Webiga Jordan. Jordan waxaa xuddey Sacuudi Carabiya koonfurta, Ciraaq xagga waqooyi-bari, Suuriya woqooyiga, Israiil iyo [[Falastiin]] xagga galbeedka. Badda Dhimatay ayaa ku taal xudduudaha galbeedka, waddankuna waxa uu leeyahay xeebta yaryar ee [[Badda Cas]] ee koonfurta-galbeed ee aadka u xoogan, laakiin si kale ayaa loo wiiqay. Jordan waa istaraatijiyad ku taala bartamaha Asia, [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]]. Magaalada caasimadda ah ee Cammaan, waa magaalooyinka ugu badan ee dadku u badan yahay iyo sidoo kale xarun dhaqaale, siyaasadeed iyo dhaqameed.

Imminka waxa uu [[Urdun]] ku noolaa dadka tan iyo xilligii Baleyolitiik. Saddex boqortooy oo xasillooni ah ayaa ka soo baxayey dhammaadkii Daaha Cagaasha: Caamoos, Moo'aab iyo Edom. Hogaamiyaasha dambe waxay ka mid yihiin Boqortooyada Nabata, Boqortooyada Roomaanka, Boqortooyada Boqortooyada. Kadib Carabta Carbeed oo ka soo horjeeday Cusmaani sanadkii 1916 intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Dunida I, boqortooyadii Boqortooyada waxaa loo qaybiyay Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska. Emirate of Transjordan waxaa la aasaasay 1921 by Hashemite, ka dibna Emir, Abdullah I, iyo emirate wuxuu noqday ''British Guardianate'' ah. 1946-kii, Jordan waxay noqotay waddan madax-bannaan oo si rasmi ah loogu aqoonsaday Boqortooyada Hashemite ee Transjordan, laakiin waxa loo beddelay 1949-kii boqortooyadii Hashemite ee dalka Jordan ka dib markii waddanku uu qabsaday Bankiga Galbeedka intii lagu jiray dagaalkii 1948-kii dagaalkii Carabta oo uu ku biiray ilaa uu lumay Israiil sanadkii 1967-dii. Jordan ayaa ku dhawaaqday dalabkii dhulkii 1988-kii, waxaana uu noqday mid ka mid ah laba dawladood oo Carbeed ah si ay heshiis ugu saxiixdeen [[Israiil]] 1994-kii. Urdun waa xubin muhiim u ah Ururka [[Jaamacadda Carabta]] iyo Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka. Waddanku waa boqortooyo dastuuri ah, laakiin boqorku wuxuu leeyahay awood ballaaran oo sharci iyo sharci-dajin ah.

==Xubin==
* [[IMF]] * 
* [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * *

* [[Jaamacada Carabta]]* * 

* [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * 
* [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * *

==Daadka Deggan Urdun==
* {{flag|Jordan}}: 12,Millions++:

**{{Flag|Palestine}}: 2,2,000+

* {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 100+:

* {{Flag|Arab League}}  4.500,000+&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Pakistan}} 200+


* {{Flag|France}} 2,000+

   [&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }}&lt;/ref&gt;].


[[File:Amman.jpg|thumb|195px|right|Vista d'Amman.]]
[[File:View_of_Abdali_project_2018.jpg|thumb|right|195px|{{Flag|Jordan}}]]
[[File:The King of Jordan, 2013.jpg|195px|thumb|right|]]
[[File:Petra_metzes.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Cunnto Urdun]]

==Sido kale fiiri==
* [[Masar]]
* [[Falastiin]]
* [[Israaiil]]
* [[Bangalidesh]]
* [[Bakistaan]]
* [[Filibiin]]
* [[Hindiya]]
* [[Turkiga]]
==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}
{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
      <sha1>mcy30enie037as6azb9c4v4u9q9z2a6</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baxrayn</title>
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      <text bytes="4797" sha1="h4nw8o6wl7f46b8ibjma6easgj04b1t" xml:space="preserve">{{Coord|26|01|39|N|50|33|00|E|region:BH_type:country|display=title}}
{{Dalalka
|native_name                   = ''Boqortooyada Baxrayn&lt;br /&gt;مملكة البحرين

|conventional_long_name        = Mamlakat al-Baxrayn
|common_name                   = Kiinya
|qaarada                       = [[Bariga Dhexe]] 
|sawir_calan                   = Flag_of_Bahrain.svg
|astaan_calan                  = [[Baxrayni]]
|image_map                     = LocationBahrain.png
|caasimada                     = [[Manama]]
|luuqadaha                     = [[Af-Carabi]]
|Dawladda                       = Baxrayn
|magac_hogaamiye1              =  [[Boqor]]
|magac_hogaamiye2              =  [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] 
|magac_hogaamiye1              = Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifah
|magac_hogaamiye2              = Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah
|sovereignty_type              = Ka xoroobey
|sovereignty_note              = [[Iran]] 
1783
                                 iyo [[Ingriis]]ka
|established_event1            = Taakiikh
|established_date1             = 16 [[Diseembar]], 1971
|area                          = 765 km² 
|areami²                       = 295
|biyo                          = 0
|population_estimate           = 1,378,000
|population_estimate_year      = [[2016]]
|lacagta                       = Baxrayn Dinar
|wakhti                        = (UTC+3)
|furaha_debeda		       = 973
|footnote1                     = 
|footnote2                     = 
}}


'''Baxrayn''' ama '''Boqortooyada Baxrayn'''([[af-Carabi]] مملكة البحرين Mamlakat al-Baxrayn.
waa wadan carbeed oo ku yaalo [[Bariga Dhexe]]. Baxrayn waxee ka koobantahay Jasiirado, waxeena u dhaxeesaa ama Xad la wadaagtaa [[Sacuudi carabiya]] iyo Qatar.

[[File:Persian Gulf economy map PL.png||thumb|Mapa economica del Golf Persic]]
[[File:British political agency in Manama.png|right|thumb|200px|The British political agency, circa 1900.]]
[[File:Khamis Mosque Minaret.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Khamis Mosque]].]]
Bahrain oo ka hadlaya codkani: Arbacada: البحرين al-Baḥrayn IPA: (ku saabsan codkan maqalka)), si rasmi ah Boqortooyada Bahrain (Carabi: مملكة البحرين Ku saabsan codkan Mamlakat al- Baḥreyn), waa boqortooyo dastuuri ah oo ku yaala bariga Persian. Waa waddan jasiirad ah oo ka kooban jasiirado yaryar oo ku yaala bariga Bahrain, oo u dhaxeeya Xeebta Jasiiradda iyo xeebta bari ee Sacuudi Carabiya, kaas oo ku xiran 25 kilomitir (16 mi) King Fahd Causeway. Dadka reer Bahrain waxay yihiin 1,234,571 (2010), oo ay ku jiraan 666,172 aan ahayn dadka aan muwaadiniinta ahayn [8] Waa 765.3 kilomitir kilomitir (295.5 sq mm), taas oo ka dhigaysa waddanka saddexaad ee ugu yar Asia Aasiya ka dib Maldives iyo Singapore.
Baxreyn waa goobta uu ka kooban yahay ilbaxnimadii hore ee Dilmuun. [10] Waxay ahayd tan ugu caansan taariikhda kalluumaysiga kalluumeysiga, kuwaas oo loo tixgeliyey inay ugu fiican adduunka qarnigii 19aad. [11] Bahrain waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah goobihii ugu horreeyay ee lagu beddelay Islaamka, 628 CE. Ka dib markii uu xukunka xukunka Carabta, Bahrain waxa u degay Portugal 1521, kuwaas oo markaa laga soo tuuray 1602 Shah Shah Abbas I oo ka mid ah Boqortooyada Safafid ee ku taal Boqortooyada Faaris. Sanadkii 1783, Bani Utbah waxay qabsadeen Bahrain oo ka timid Nasr Al-Madxur, tan iyo markii xukunka laga tuuray qoyska boqortooyada Al Khalifa, iyadoo Ahmed al Fateh uu ahaa Bahrain markii ugu horeysay.
Bilihii 1800maadkii, ka dib markii heshiisyadii ku-meel-gaadhka ahaa ee Ingiriisku, Baxraynku wuxuu noqday ilaaliye Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Sannadkii 1971, Bahrain waxay ku dhawaaqday xornimo. Bahrain waxaa lagu dhawaaqay boqortooyo sannadkii 2002-dii. Sanadkii 2011, waddanka ayaa la kulmay mudaaharaadyo ay ku dhiirigelisay Bisha Cas ee gobolka. [12] Boqortooyada boqortooyada al-Khalifa ee boqortooyada al-Khalifa ayaa lagu eedeeyay laguna dhaleeceeyay xad-gudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, oo ay ka mid yihiin xabsiyo, jirdil iyo dil loo gaystay mucaarad, mucaarad siyaasadeed iyo shiicada Muslimiinta. [14]
==Xubin==
* [[IMF]] * 
* [[ Bankiga Aduunka]] * * 
* [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * * 

* [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * *

==Waddanmaha Deggan Bahrine==

* {{Flag|Bahrain}}:30,000+

* {{Flag|Qatar}}:20,000+

* {{Flag|Kuwait}}:20,000+

* {{Flag|Oman}}: 30,000+

* {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}:10,000+

[[File:AradFort.jpg|thumb|195px]]
[[File:Manama Souq 1965.JPG|thumb|195px|1965]]
[[File:AncientTombsOfBahrain.svg|thumb|195px|1980s]]
[[File:Modern Manama.jpg|thumb|Manama Harbor]]
[[File:Manama-nightview.jpg|thumb|Manama night view]]
[[File:Progressive Bahrain.jpg|thumb|Road View]]
[[File:Muhammad Bahrain letter facsimile.png|thumb|195px]]


{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
{{commons|البحرين / Bahrain}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iiraan</title>
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| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan
| common_name            = Iiraan
| native_name            = &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Nobold/styles.css&quot;/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nobold&quot;&gt;{{native name|fa|جمهوری اسلامی ایران|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{transliteration|fa|Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân}}&lt;/span&gt;
| image_flag             = Flag of Iran (official).svg
| image_coat             = Emblem of Iran.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| symbol_type            = Astaanta
| national_motto         = {{ubl
 | {{lang|ar|اَللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ}}
 | {{transliteration|ar|Allāhu ʾAkbar}} (''[[Takbiir]]'')
 | &quot;[[Ilaah ee Islaamka|Ilaah]] baa Weyn&quot;
 | (''[[de jure]]'')
 | {{lang|fa|استقلال، آزادی، جمهوری اسلامی}}
 | {{transliteration|fa|Esteqlâl, Âzâdi, Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi}}
 | &quot;Madaxbannaani, xorriyad, Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah&quot;
 | (''[[de facto]]''){{sfn|Temperman|2010|p=87}}
}}
| national_anthem        = {{lang|fa|مهر خاورan}}&lt;br /&gt;''[[Mehr-e Khavaran|Mehr-e Khâvarân]]''&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Cadceedda Bari&quot;{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Sorud-e Mellí-e Yomhurí-e Eslamí-e Irán (instrumental).oga]]}}
| image_map              = {{switcher|[[File:Iran (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Muuji globe-ka|[[File:Iran - Location Map (2013) - IRN - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Muuji khariidadda Iiraan}}
| map_width              = 250px
| capital                = [[Tehran]]
| coordinates            = {{#invoke:Coordinates|coord|35|41|N|51|25|E|type:city}}
| largest_city           = [[Tehran]]
| official_languages     = [[Af-Faarsi|Faarsi]]
| languages2_type        = Hejacaad gaar ah
| demonym                = [[Dadka Iiraan|Iiraani]]
| government_type        = Midaysan [[nidaamka madaxweynenimo|madaxweynenimo]] tayaquraadi ah [[Jamhuuriyad Islaami ah]] oo hoos timaada kalitalis [[authoritarianism|maamul adag]]{{efn|Awoodda kama dambaysta ah waxay u xilsaaran tahay [[Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan|Hogaamiyaha Sare]], oo ah jago ka sarreysa Madaxweynaha.}}
| leader_title1          = [[Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan|Hogaamiyaha Sare]]
| leader_name1           = ''[[Doorashada Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan 2026|Bannaan]]{{efn|[[Golaha Hogaaminta Ku-meel-gaarka ah]], oo ka kooban Madaxweyne Masoud Pezeshkian, Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare [[Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i]], iyo Ayatollah [[Alireza Arafi]], ayaa si ku-meel-gaar ah u gudan doona waajibaadka ilaa hogaamiye sare oo cusub laga [[Doorashada Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan 2026|dooranayo]].{{refn|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Motamedi|first=Maziar|date=2026-03-01|title=Iran forms interim council to oversee transition after Khamenei's killing|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/1/iran-to-form-interim-council-to-oversee-transition-after-khameneis-killing|access-date=2026-03-01|website=Al Jazeera}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reals|first=Tucker|last2=|first2=|last3=|first3=|last4=|last5=|first5=|last6=|first6=|last7=|first7=|last8=|first8=|last9=|first9=|date=2026-03-01|title=Iran names three men for interim Leadership Council to pick next supreme leader|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/us-iran-war-israel-supreme-leader-khamenei-funeral-day-2/|access-date=2026-03-01|website=CBS News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/israel-us-attack-iran-trump-says-major-combat-operations/#post-update-a08fca3a&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/israel-us-attack-iran-trump-says-major-combat-operations/#post-update-7d54fc15&lt;/ref&gt;}}}}
| leader_title2          = [[Madaxweynaha Iiraan|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name2           = [[Masoud Pezeshkian]]
| leader_title3          = [[Madaxweyne kuxigeenka Iiraan|Madaxweyne kuxigeen]]
| leader_name3           = [[Mohammad Reza Aref]]
| leader_title4          = [[Liiska guddoomiyeyaasha Baarlamaanka Iiraan|Guddoomiyaha Golaha]]
| leader_name4           = [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]]
| leader_title5          = [[Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Iiraan|Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]]
| leader_name5           = [[Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i]]
| legislature            = [[Golaha La-talinta Islaamka]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[Taariikhda Iiraan|Abuuritaanka]]
| established_event1     = [[Boqortooyadii Meediya]]
| established_date1      = {{circa|678 CH}}
| established_event2     = [[Boqortooyadii Akhaamenid]]
| established_date2      = 550 CH
| established_event3     = [[Boqortooyadii Paartiya]]
| established_date3      = 247 CH
| established_event4     = [[Boqortooyadii Sasaaniyiinta]]
| established_date4      = 224 CD
| established_event5     = [[Iranian Intermezzo]]
| established_date5      = 821
| established_event6     = [[Safawi Iiraan]]
| established_date6      = 22 Diseembar 1501
| established_event7     = [[Afshari Iiraan]]
| established_date7      = 22 Janaayo 1736
| established_event8     = [[Zand Iiraan]]
| established_date8      = 1751
| established_event9     = [[Qaajaari Iiraan]]
| established_date9      = 20 Maarso 1794
| established_event10    = [[Kacaankii Dastuuriga ahaa ee Faaris|Kacaankii Dastuuriga]]
| established_date10     = 12 Diseembar 1905
| established_event11    = [[Pahlavi Iiraan]]
| established_date11     = 15 Diseembar 1925
| established_event12    = [[Kacaankii Iiraan]]
| established_date12     = 11 Febraayo 1979
| established_event13    = [[Dastuurka Iiraan|Dastuurka hadda jira]]
| established_date13     = 3 Diseembar 1979
| established_event14    = [[Aafti-dastuurka Iiraan ee 1989|Wax ka badalida dastuurka]]
| established_date14     = 28 Luulyo 1989
| area_km2               = 1,648,195
| area_rank              = 17aad
| area_sq_mi             = 636,372
| percent_water          = 1.63 (ilaa 2015)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Surface water and surface water change |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |access-date=11 October 2020 |publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) |archive-date=24 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 92,417,681&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/iran-population/ |title=Iran Population (2025) |website=Worldometer}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2025
| population_estimate_rank = 17aad
| population_density_km2 = {{#expr: 85961000/1648195 round 0}}
| population_density_sq_mi = {{#expr: 85961000/636372 round 0}}
| population_density_rank = 163aad
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $1.879 tiriliyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.IR&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO(9.0.0)|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 Edition. (Iran) |website= |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=14 October 2025 |access-date=13 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 22aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $21,473&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.IR&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 88aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $356.513 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.IR&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 42aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $4,074&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.IR&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 132aad
| Gini                   = 35.9
| Gini_year              = 2023
| Gini_change            = korodh 
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |title=Gini Index coefficient |work=[[The World Factbook]] |access-date=24 September 2024 |archive-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.799
| HDI_year               = 2023
| HDI_change             = korodh
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 75aad
| currency               = [[Riyaalka Iiraan]] ({{nq|{{wikt-lang|fa|ریال}}}})
| currency_code          = IRR
| time_zone              = [[Waqtiga Halbeegga ee Iiraan|IRST]]
| utc_offset             = +3:30
| calling_code           = [[+98]]
| cctld                  = {{unbulleted list |[[.ir]] |[[.ir|ایران.]]}}
| drives_on              = midig
}}

'''Iiraan''', si rasmi ahna loo yiraahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan''', laguna yaqaanay '''Faaris''', waa dal ku yaalla [[Galbeedka Aasiya]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Ciraaq]] dhanka galbeed, [[Turkiya]], [[Asarbayjan]], iyo [[Armeeniya]] dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, [[Badda Kasbiya]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Turkmenistaan]] dhanka waqooyi-bari, [[Afgaanistaan]] dhanka bari, [[Bakistaan]] dhanka koonfur-bari, iyo [[Gacanka Cumaan]] iyo [[Gacanka Faaris]] dhanka koonfureed. Iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin dad ka badan 92 milyan, Iiraan waxay fadhidaa kaalinta 17aad ee caalamka xagga [[Liiska dalalka marka loo eego bedka|baaxadda dhulka]] iyo [[Liiska dalalka marka loo eego dadka|tirada dadka]] waana [[Liiska dalalka Aasiya marka loo eego bedka|dalka lixaad ee ugu weyn]] Aasiya. Waxay u qaybsantaa [[Gobollada Iiraan|shan gobol]] oo ka kooban [[Gobollada Iiraan|31 gobol (provinces)]]. [[Tehran]] waa caasimadda qaranka, [[Liiska magaalooyinka Iiraan|magaalada ugu weyn]], iyo xarunta maaliyadda.

Iiraan waa hoyga mid ka mid ah ilbaxnimooyinka ugu da'da weyn caalamka ee aan kala go'in, waxaana markii ugu horreysay la isugu keenay [[Boqortooyadii Meediya|dal]] ahaan [[Meediyiinta]] hoostooda qarnigii 7aad CH, waxayna gaartay baaxaddii ugu weyneyd qarnigii 6aad CH, markii [[Kuruska Weyn]] uu aasaasay [[Boqortooyadii Akhaamenid]]. [[Alesandarka Weyn]] ayaa qabsaday boqortooyada qarnigii 4aad CH. Kacdoon Iiraani ah oo dhacay qarnigii 3aad CH ayaa dhisay [[Boqortooyadii Paartiya]], taasoo markii dambe dalka xoreysay. Qarnigii 3aad CD, Paartiyadii waxaa beddelay [[Boqortooyadii Sasaaniyiinta]], taasoo horseedday xilli dahabi ah oo ka mid ah [[Taariikhda Iiraan|taariikhda ilbaxnimada Iiraan]]. Muddadaas, Iiraantii hore waxay aragtay horumarradii ugu horreeyay ee qoraalka, beeraha, magaalo-falka, diinta, iyo maamulka. Iiraan oo mar ahaan jirtay xarun [[Zoroastrianism|Soroastariyiinta]], waxay martay [[Islaaminta Iiraan|Islaamin]] ka dib [[Qabsashadii Faaris ee Muslimiinta|qabsashadii Muslimiinta ee qarnigii 7aad CD]]. Hal-abuurka [[Suugaanta Faaris]], [[Falsafadda Iiraan]], xisaabta, [[Daawada qadiimiga ah ee Iiraan|daawada]], xiddigiska iyo [[Farshaxanka Faaris]] ayaa dib u soo cusboonaaday xilligii [[Waayihii Dahabiga ahaa ee Islaamka]] iyo [[Iranian Intermezzo]], xilli ay [[Boqortooyooyinka Muslimiinta ee Iiraan|boqortooyooyinka Muslimiinta Iiraan]] soo afjareen xukunkii Carabta oo ay dib u soo nooleeyeen [[Af-Faarsi|luuqadda Faaris]]. Waxaa xilligan ku xigay xukunkii [[Boqortooyadii Saljuuqiyiinta]] iyo [[Boqortooyadii Khwaarismiyiinta]], [[Qabsashadii Mongol ee Faaris|qabsashadii Mongoliinta]] iyo [[Renaissance-ka Timuriyeed]] qarnigii 11aad ilaa 14aad.

Qarnigii 16aad, [[Boqortooyadii Safawiyiinta]] ee u dhalatay dalka ayaa dib u dhistay dawlad Iiraani ah oo midaysan iyadoo [[Shiicada|Shiicada Laba-iyo-tobnaad]] ka dhigtay [[Diinta dawladda|diinta rasmiga ah]], taasoo dhigtay aasaaska dawladda casriga ah ee Iiraan. Xilligii [[Boqortooyadii Afshariyiinta]] ee qarnigii 18aad, Iiraan waxay ahayd quwad caalami ah oo hormuud ah, laakiin waxay lumisay maqaamkaas ka dib markii [[Qaajaariyiinta]] ay la wareegeen awoodda 1790-meeyadii. Bilowgii qarnigii 20aad waxaa dhacay [[Kacaankii Dastuuriga ahaa ee Faaris]] iyo dhismihii [[Boqortooyadii Pahlavi]] oo uu aasaasay [[Reza Shah]], kaasoo xilkii ka tuuray Shaahii ugu dambeeyay ee Qaajaariyiinta 1925-kii. Ka dib [[Qabsashadii Ingiriiska iyo Soofiyeeti ee Iiraan|duulaankii Ingiriiska iyo Soofiyeeti ee Iiraan 1941-kii]], wiilkiisa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] ayaa xilka qabtay. Isku dayadii uu [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] ku doonayay inuu [[Qaramaynta warshadaha saliidda Iiraan|ku qarameeyo warshadaha saliidda]] waxay horseedday [[Inqilaabkii Iiraan ee 1953|inqilaabkii Ingiriis-Ameerika ee 1953-kii]]. [[Kacaankii Iiraan]] ee 1979-kii ayaa xilkii ka tuuray boqortooyada, waxaana la dhisay Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan oo uu hormuud ka ahaa [[Ruhollah Khomeini]], oo ahaa [[Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan|hogaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee dalka]]. 1980-kii, [[Duulaankii Ciraaq ee Iiraan|Ciraaq ayaa soo weerartay Iiraan]], taasoo dhalisay [[Dagaalkii Iiraan iyo Ciraaq]] oo socday siddeed sano, kaasoo ku dhammaaday ismari-waa. Iiraan tan iyo markaas waxay ku lug lahayd [[dagaallo wakiilnimo]] ay la gashay [[Dagaalka wakiilnimo ee Iiraan iyo Israa'iil|Israa'iil]] iyo [[Dagaalka wakiilnimo ee Iiraan iyo Sacuudiga|Sacuudi Carabiya]]; bishii Juun 2025, duqeymaha Israa'iil ee Iiraan waxay kiciyeen xiisado horseeday [[Dagaalkii Laba-iyo-tobanka Maalmood]]. Dagaalkaas ka dib iyo iyadoo ay jirto [[Xiisadda dhaqaale ee Iiraan|xiisad dhaqaale oo sii kordhaysa]], waxaa dhici karta in [[Dibadbaxyada Iiraan ee 2025–2026|dibadbaxyadii ugu weynaa tan iyo 1979-kii]] ay dillaaceen dhammaadkii Diseembar 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=As protests surge, the Iranian regime's options are narrowing |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2026/01/09/as-protests-surge-the-iranian-regimes-options-are-narrowing |url-access=limited |access-date=9 January 2026 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=9 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Doucet |first1=Lyse |title=Iran's rulers face biggest challenge since 1979 revolution |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3ve572edzqo |website=BBC |access-date=12 January 2026 |quote=Iran's rulers are confronting their most serious challenge since their own 1979 revolution.}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Israa'iil]] ayaa bilaabay [[Isqabqabsiga Iiraan ee 2026|weerar weyn oo ka dhanka ah Iiraan]] iyagoo ujeedkeedu yahay [[beddelidda nidaamka]] dhammaadkii Febraayo 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=David E.|author-link=David E. Sanger|date=February 28, 2026|title=For Trump, the Iran Attack Is the Ultimate War of Choice|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/28/us/politics/trump-iran-attack.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=March 1, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dawladda Iiraan waa [[Tayaquraadiyad Islaami ah]]{{efn|Iiraan waxaa lagu tilmaamay &quot;jamhuuriyad tayaquraadi ah&quot;.}} oo ay maamulaan hay'ado la doortay iyo kuwo aan la dooran, iyadoo awoodda kama dambaysta ah ay u xilsaaran tahay hogaamiyaha sare. In kasta oo ay [[Doorashooyinka Iiraan|qabato doorashooyin]], xafiisyada muhiimka ah, oo ay ku jiraan madaxa dawladda iyo milatariga, ma khuseeyaan codka dadweynaha. Dawladda Iiraan waa [[authoritarianism|maamul kalitalis ah]] kaas oo si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay caalamka sababo la xiriira [[Xuquuqda aadanaha ee Iiraan|diiwaankeeda liita ee xuquuqda aadanaha]], oo ay ka mid yihiin xayiraadaha saaran [[xorriyadda isu-uimaatinka]], [[Xorriyadda hadalka ee Iiraan|hadalka]], iyo [[Warbaahinta Iiraan|saxaafadda]], iyo sidoo kale [[Xuquuqda dumarka ee Iiraan|la dhaqanka haweenka]], [[Laga tirada badan yahay ee Iiraan|dadka laga tirada badan yahay]], iyo [[Maxaabiista siyaasadeed ee Iiraan|mucaaradka siyaasadeed]]. Kormeerayaasha caalamiga ah ayaa walaac ka muujiyay caddaaladda geeddi-socodka doorashooyinka, gaar ahaan hubinta murashaxiinta ee hay'adaha aan la dooran sida [[Golaha Ilaalada]]. Iiraan waxay leedahay [[Dhaqaalaha dhexe|dhaqaale qorshaysan]] oo leh [[Shirkadaha dawladda|lahaanshaha dawladeed]] oo weyn qaybaha muhiimka ah, inkasta oo [[Ganacsiga gaarka ah|ganacsiga gaarka ahi]] uu garab jiro. Waa [[quwad dhexdhexaad ah]], sababtoo ah kaydka weyn ee [[shidaalka]] (oo ay ku jirto adduunka labaad ee ugu weyn [[Gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Iiraan|gaaska dabiiciga ah]] iyo [[Liiska dalalka ee kaydka saliidda|kaalinta saddexaad ee kaydka saliidda ee la hubo]]), meesha ay ku taallo oo muhiim u ah juquraafi-siyaasadeedka, iyo doorkeeda xarun caalami ah ee [[Shiicada]]. Iiraan waa dal leh [[Nuclear latency|aqoonta nukliyeerka]] oo leh [[Barnaamijka nukliyeerka ee Iiraan|mid ka mid ah barnaamijyada nukliyeerka ee loogu baadhista badan yahay]], kaas oo ay sheegtay inuu yahay uun ujeeddooyin madani ah; hase yeeshee, [[IAEA]], oo ah hay'ad ka tirsan [[Qaramada Midoobay]] (QM) oo loo xilsaaray la socodka soo saarista [[hubka nukliyeerka]], ayaa laba jeer ogaatay in Iiraan aysan u hoggaansamin waajibaadkeeda ilaalinta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kerr |first1=Paul |title=Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations |url=https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R40094 |publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=12 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Mills |first1=Claire |last2=Curtis |first2=John |title=Israel-Iran 2025: Developments in Iran's nuclear programme and military action |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10284/ |website=House of Commons Library |publisher=UK Parliament |access-date=12 January 2026 |quote =In June 2025, the IAEA Board of Governors adopted a resolution which, for the first time since 2005, formally found Iran to be non-compliant with its nuclear safeguards obligations }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa xubin aasaasi ah oo ka tirsan QM iyo [[Xiriirka dibadda ee Iiraan|xubin ka tirsan ururro badan oo caalami ah]]. Iiraan waxay leedahay 29 goobood oo ah [[Liiska Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee Iiraan|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]] (kaalinta 10aad ee adduunka) waxayna fadhidaa kaalinta 4aad ee [[dhaxalka dhaqanka ee aan la taaban karin]] ama hantida aadanaha.

== Taariikhda ==
{{Main|Taariikhda Iiraan}}
=== Taariikh ka hor ===
{{Main|Prehistory of Iran}}
Joogitaanka ugu horreeya ee bani'aadamka ee Iiraan la yaqaan waxay ku beegan tahay qiyaastii 800,000 oo sano ka hor, xilligii [[Middle Paleolithic]].&lt;ref name=&quot;bishi&quot;&gt;Biglari, F. and Shidrang, S., (2006) The Lower Paleolithic Occupation of Iran, Near Eastern Archeology 69 (3–4): 160-168&lt;/ref&gt; Goobo badan oo [[Middle Paleolithic]] ah ayaa la helay, badanaaba [[Buuraha Sagros]] ee galbeedka Iiraan iyo qaar ka mid ah goobaha la xiriira [[Neanderthal]]-ka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Biglari |first1=Fereidoun |last2=Shidrang |first2=Sonia |year=2019 |title=Rescuing the Paleolithic Heritage of Hawraman, Kurdistan, Iranian Zagros |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/706536 |journal=Near Eastern Archaeology |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=226–235 |doi=10.1086/706536 |s2cid=212851965 |issn=1094-2076 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;J.D. Vigne, J. Peters and D. Helmer, ''First Steps of Animal Domestication'', Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the International Council of Archaeozoology, Durham, August 2002, {{ISBN|1-84217-121-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dhaqankii Sarsiyaan]] ayaa laga diwaangeliyey Iiraan xilligii [[Epipaleolithic]] (25,000–11,500 sano ka hor).&lt;ref&gt;Deborah I. Olszewski: &quot;The Zarzian in the Context of the Epipaleolithic Middle East&quot;, in: ''Humanities'' 19 (2012) 1-20, page 2.&lt;/ref&gt; Beeruhu waxay markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqdeen Iiraan qiyaastii 12,000 oo sano ka hor oo ay weheliyaan degsiimooyin si fiican loo diwaangeliyey ee [[Fertile Crescent]]. Goobta [[Chogha Golan]] waxay ka muuqatay beerashadii ugu horreysay ee qamadiga [[emmer]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Early humans in Iran were growing wheat 12,000 years ago |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/early-humans-iran-were-growing-wheat-12-000-years-ago-f6C10536898 |publisher=NBC News |date=4 July 2013 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Goobta casriga ah ee [[Ganj Dareh]] waxay sidoo kale ka muuqataa dhaqashada ugu horreysay ee la yaqaan ee [[riyo|riyaha]] qiyaastii 10,000 oo sano ka hor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=The Initial Domestication of Goats (''Capra hircus'') in the Zagros Mountains 10,000 Years Ago |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2000-03-24_287_5461/page/2254 |journal=Science |bibcode=2000Sci...287.2254Z |last1=Zeder |first1=Melinda A. |last2=Hesse |first2=Brian |year=2000 |volume=287 |issue=5461 |pages=2254–2257 |doi=10.1126/science.287.5461.2254 |pmid=10731145}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Susa]], oo noqon lahayd caasimadda [[Elam]] ka dibna caasimadda boqortooyadii Akhaamenid, ayaa markii ugu horreysay la degay 4400–4200 CH, waxayna ku dhowdahay goobta casriga ah ee [[Shush, Iiraan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Elam&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State |url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologyofela0000prof |first=D. T. |last=Potts |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-521-56358-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|46–47}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=SUSA |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/susa-parent/?highlight=Susa |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dhaqankii Kura–Araxes]] ({{circa|3400|2000 CH}}) wuxuu ka jiray waqooyi-galbeed Iiraan iyo [[Kawkas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.nl2&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Kushnareva |first=K. Kh. |title=The Southern Caucasus in Prehistory: Stages of Cultural and Socioeconomic Development from the Eighth to the Second Millennium B.C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e1PNO7urjHQC&amp;pg=PA44 |year=1997 |publisher=UPenn Museum of Archaeology |isbn=978-0-924171-50-5 |access-date=8 May 2016 |archive-date=13 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913110041/https://books.google.com/books?id=e1PNO7urjHQC&amp;pg=PA44 |url-status=live}}, page 44&lt;/ref&gt;
_america_helped_saddam_as_he_gassed_iran?page=0%2C2 |archive-date=15 September 2014 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Era Khamenei ====
{{further|2009 Iranian presidential election protests|Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Assassination of Qasem Soleimani|Mahsa Amini protests|2024 Iran–Israel conflict|Iran–Israel war|2025–2026 Iranian protests}}
Markii uu dhimanayay sannadkii 1989, Khomeini wuxuu magacaabay Golaha Dib-u-habaynta Dastuurka oo ka kooban 25 xubnood, kuwaas oo u magacaabay [[Ali Khamenei]] inuu noqdo Hoggaamiyaha Sare ee xiga, waxayna isbeddel ku sameeyeen dastuurka Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;Abrahamian, ''History of Modern Iran'', (2008), p.182&lt;/ref&gt; In kasta oo Khamenei uu ka maqnaa &quot;soo jiidashadii iyo maqaamkii wadaadnimo&quot; ee Khomeini, haddana wuxuu dhisay shabakad taageerayaal ah oo ku dhex jira ciidanka qalabka sida iyo [[Bonyad|mu'asasada diimeed]] ee dhaqaalaha awoodda u leh.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Who's in Charge?&quot; by Ervand Abrahamian ''London Review of Books'', 6 November 2008&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Ayatollah Ali Khamenei at the Great Conference of Basij members at Azadi stadium October 2018 033.jpg|thumb|Ali Khamenei oo jooga Shirweynihii weynaa ee xubnaha [[Basij]] ee [[Azadi Stadium]], Oktoobar 2018]]
Madaxweyne [[Akbar Rafsanjani]] wuxuu xoogga saaray siyaasadda ganacsiga u janjeerta ee dib loogu dhisayo dhaqaalaha, isagoon ka tanaasulin mabda'ii kacaanka. Wuxuu taageeray suuqa xorta ah, isagoo doorbidaya in la gaar yeelo warshadaha qaranka iyo inuu mowqif dhexdhexaad ah ka istaago heer caalami. Sannadkii 1997, waxaa Rafsanjani beddelay [[Iranian reform movement|isbeddel-doonkii]] dhexdhexaadka ahaa ee [[Mohammad Khatami]], kaas oo xukuumaddiisu u qareentay xorriyadda hadalka, xiriir diblomaasiyadeed oo wax ku ool ah oo lala yeesho Aasiya iyo Midowga Yurub, iyo siyaasad taageeraysa suuqa xorta ah iyo maalgashiga shisheeye.

[[2005 Iranian presidential election|Doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2005]] waxay awoodda u keentay musharraxa muxaafidka ah, caanka ah, ee wadaniyadda u janjeera ee [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]. Waxaa lagu yaqiinnay aragtiyihiisa adag, nukliyeeraynta, iyo [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel|colaadda uu u qabo Israa'iil]], [[Saudi Arabia]], Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Maraykanka iyo dawladaha kale. Wuxuu ahaa madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee uu u yeero [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|baarlamaanka]] si uu uga jawaabo su'aalo ku saabsan madaxtinimadiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=5 June 2012 |title=Ahmadinejad critic Larijani re-elected Iran speaker |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-18328882 |access-date=10 May 2024 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510171821/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-18328882 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2013, waxaa madaxweyne loo doortay [[Hassan Rouhani]] oo ahaa dhex-dhexaad isbeddel-doon ah. Wuxuu dhiirigeliyay xorriyadda shakhsi ahaaneed, helitaanka macluumaadka, iyo horumarinta xuquuqda haweenka. Wuxuu horumariyay xiriirka diblomaasiyadeed isagoo adeegsanaya is-dhaafsiga waraaqo dib u heshiisiin ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |last2=Dehghan |first2=Saeed Kamali |date=19 September 2013 |title=Hassan Rouhani sets out his vision for a new and free Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/19/hassan-rouhani-vision-iran-free |access-date=10 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112101132/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/19/hassan-rouhani-vision-iran-free |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Heshiiska [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]] waxaa lagu gaaray [[Vienna]] sannadkii 2015, intii u dhaxeysay Iiraan, [[P5+1]] ([[permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|xubnaha joogtada ah ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay]] + Jarmalka) iyo Midowga Yurub. Wada-xaajoodyadu waxay udub dhexaad u ahaayeen joojinta [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1929|cunaqabataynta dhaqaale]] iyadoo beddelkeeda Iiraan laga xaddidayo soo saarista [[enriched uranium|yuraaniyamka la hodmey]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Kutsch, Tom |date=14 July 2015 |title=Iran, world powers strike historic nuclear deal |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/14/iran-world-powers-strike-historic-nuclear-deal.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715175516/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/14/iran-world-powers-strike-historic-nuclear-deal.html |archive-date=15 July 2015 |access-date=15 July 2015 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2018, Maraykanka oo uu hoggaaminayay Madaxweyne [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Donald Trump]] ayaa ka baxay heshiiska, waxaana lagu soo rogay cunaqabatayn cusub. Tani waxay meesha ka saartay qodobbadii dhaqaalaha waxayna Iiraan keentay [[nuclear latency|heerka u dhow nukliyeerka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Brewer |first=Eric |date=25 June 2024 |title=Iran's New Nuclear Threat |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/irans-new-nuclear-threat |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=Foreign Affairs |language=en-US |issn=0015-7120}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2020, jeneraalka [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] [[Qasem Soleimani]], oo ahaa qofka 2-aad ee ugu awoodda badan Iiraan,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 January 2020 |title=U.S. killing of Iran's second most powerful man risks regional conflagration |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-blast-soleimani-analysi/u-s-killing-of-irans-second-most-powerful-man-risks-regional-conflagration-idUSKBN1Z21TJ/ |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418120615/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-blast-soleimani-analysi/u-s-killing-of-irans-second-most-powerful-man-risks-regional-conflagration-idUSKBN1Z21TJ/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxaa [[Assassination of Qasem Soleimani|dilay Maraykanka]], taas oo kordhisay [[Iran–United States relations|xiisadda u dhaxeysa labada dhinac]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Roelants&quot;&gt;Carolien Roelants, khabiir ku xeel dheer Iiraan ee ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', dooddii ka dhacday ''[[Buitenhof (TV series)|Buitenhof]]'' ee telefishinka Nederlaan, 5 Janaayo 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Operation Martyr Soleimani|Iiraan waxay uga jawaabtay weerar lagu qaaday saldhigyada cirka ee Maraykanka ee Ciraaq]], kaas oo ahaa weerarkii ugu weynaa ee gantaallada ballistic-ga ah ee abid lagu qaado dad Maraykanka ah;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Never-before-seen video of the attack on Al Asad Airbase |date=28 February 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGP7hZQuTL0 |access-date=8 January 2024 |language=en |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223104408/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGP7hZQuTL0 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 110 ayaa qabay [[Traumatic brain injury|dhaawacyo maskaxda ah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=109 US troops diagnosed with brain injuries from Iran attack |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/10/109-us-troops-diagnosed-with-brain-injuries-from-iran-attack |access-date=7 April 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407113740/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/10/109-us-troops-diagnosed-with-brain-injuries-from-iran-attack |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pentagon admits 109 brain injuries in Iran attack |url=https://www.dw.com/en/109-us-service-members-were-injured-in-the-iran-missile-attack/a-52331039 |access-date=7 April 2024 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407113741/https://www.dw.com/en/109-us-service-members-were-injured-in-the-iran-missile-attack/a-52331039 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Starr |first=Barbara |date=10 February 2020 |title=Over 100 US troops have been diagnosed with traumatic brain injuries following Iran strike |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/10/politics/traumatic-brain-injuries-iran-strike/index.html |access-date=7 April 2024 |publisher=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407113740/https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/10/politics/traumatic-brain-injuries-iran-strike/index.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 8-dii Janaayo, [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] ee Iiraan ayaa soo riday diyaaraddii [[Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752]], iyadoo dishay 176 rayid ah, taas oo horseeday [[Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests|mudaaharaadyo dalka oo dhan ka dhacay]]. Baaritaan caalami ah ayaa keenay in dawladdu ay qirato in gantaal dhulka laga rido lagu soo riday diyaaradda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-crash/ukrainian-airplane-with-180-aboard-crashes-in-iran-fars-idUSKBN1Z70EL |title=Ukrainian airplane with 180 aboard crashes in Iran: Fars |date=8 January 2020 |work=Reuters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108035747/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-crash/ukrainian-airplane-with-180-aboard-crashes-in-iran-fars-idUSKBN1Z70EL |archive-date=8 January 2020 |access-date=8 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51077788 |work=BBC |title=Demands for justice after Iran's plane admission |date=11 January 2020 |access-date=11 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Muxaafidka adag ee [[Ebrahim Raisi]] ayaa laga adkaaday doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2017, laakiin wuxuu mar kale isu taagay [[2021 Iranian presidential election|doorashadii 2021]], isagoo beddelay Rouhani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Motamedi |first1=Maziar |title=Hardliner Raisi elected Iran's new president |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/19/raisi-wins-irans-presidential-election-amid-low-turnout |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2021 |access-date=2 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901094359/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/19/raisi-wins-irans-presidential-election-amid-low-turnout |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muddadii uu Raisi xilka hayay, Iiraan waxay [[Nuclear program of Iran|xoojisay hodminta yuraaniyamka]], waxay hor istaagtay baaritaannada caalamiga ah, waxay ku biirtay SCO iyo BRICS, waxay [[Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine|taageertay]] [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|duullaankii Ruushka ee Yukrayn]] waxayna soo celisay xiriirkii ay la lahayd Sacuudi Carabiya. Bishii Abriil 2024, [[Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus|weerarkii cirka ee Israa'iil ee qunsuliyadda Iiraan ee Dimishiq]] ayaa lagu dilay taliye ka tirsan IRGC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Several killed in Israeli strike on Iranian consulate in Damascus |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/1/several-killed-in-israeli-strike-on-iranian-consulate-in-damascus-reports |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430180537/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/1/several-killed-in-israeli-strike-on-iranian-consulate-in-damascus-reports |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2024 |title=Israeli strike on Iran's consulate in Syria killed 2 generals and 5 other officers, Iran says |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-syria-airstrike-iranian-embassy-edca34c52d38c8bc57281e4ebf33b240 |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419075609/https://apnews.com/article/israel-syria-airstrike-iranian-embassy-edca34c52d38c8bc57281e4ebf33b240 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iiraan waxay [[April 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel|uga jawaabtay]] iyadoo u adeegsatay [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]], [[Cruise missile|gantaallada cruise-ka]] iyo [[ballistic missile|ballistic-ga]]; 9 ka mid ah ayaa ku dhacay Israa'iil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=Jack Dutton |date=15 April 2024 |title=How Iran's attack on Israel is disrupting air traffic |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/04/how-irans-attack-israel-disrupting-air-traffic |access-date=1 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174027/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/04/how-irans-attack-israel-disrupting-air-traffic |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toossi |first=Sina |date=2 May 2024 |title=Iran Has Defined Its Red Line With Israel |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/04/18/iran-has-defined-its-red-line-with-israel/ |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174027/https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/04/18/iran-has-defined-its-red-line-with-israel/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 April 2024 |title=What was in wave of Iranian attacks and how were they thwarted? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68811273 |access-date=1 May 2024 |language=en-GB |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414091527/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68811273 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ahayd weerarkii diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn ee ugu weynaa taariikhda,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The largest drone attack in history |url=http://iranpress.com/aliaspage/277652 |access-date=1 May 2024 |website= |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; weerarkii gantaallada ee ugu weynaa taariikhda Iiraan,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Motamedi |first=Maziar |title='True Promise': Why and how did Iran launch a historic attack on Israel? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/14/true-promise-why-and-how-did-iran-launch-a-historic-attack-on-israel |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414145020/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/14/true-promise-why-and-how-did-iran-launch-a-historic-attack-on-israel |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; weerarkeedii ugu horreeyay ee toos ah oo ay ku qaaddo Israa'iil&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 April 2024 |title=Iran launches first-ever direct attack on Israel |url=https://abc7ny.com/israel-gaza-live-updates-iran-launches-dozens-of-drones-in-retaliatory-strike/14656640/ |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=ABC7 New York |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174027/https://abc7ny.com/israel-gaza-live-updates-iran-launches-dozens-of-drones-in-retaliatory-strike/14656640/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 April 2024 |title=How Israel could respond to Iran's drone and missile assault |url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20240418-how-israel-could-respond-to-iran-s-drone-and-missile-assault |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[France 24]] |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174029/https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20240418-how-israel-could-respond-to-iran-s-drone-and-missile-assault |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo markii ugu horreysay [[1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel|tan iyo 1991]] oo Israa'iil ay si toos ah u weerarto dawlad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Johny |first=Stanly |date=14 April 2024 |title=By attacking Israel, Iran turns shadow war into direct conflict |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/analysis-three-takeaways-from-irans-attack-on-israel/article68064678.ece |access-date=1 May 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414203401/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/analysis-three-takeaways-from-irans-attack-on-israel/article68064678.ece |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Maajo 2024, Raisi waxaa lagu dilay [[2024 Varzaqan helicopter crash|shil helicopter]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Who died alongside Iran's President Raisi in the helicopter crash? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/20/who-died-alongside-irans-president-raisi-in-the-helicopter-crash |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=2 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519213002/https://apnews.com/article/helicopter-iran-raisi-crash-azerbaijan-3ef9fe5772fb06f6d9dcc371b115923f |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iiraanna waxay qabatay [[2024 Iranian presidential election|doorasho madaxtinimo]], markaas oo isbeddel-doonkii iyo wasiirkii hore ee [[Ministry of Health and Medical Education|Wasaaradda Caafimaadka]], [[Masoud Pezeshkian]], la doortay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 July 2024 |title=Masoud Pezeshkian, a heart surgeon who rose to power in parliament, now Iran's president-elect |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-presidential-runoff-election-masoud-pezeshkian-profile-a07e9921fa8c25b1a05333e128c03916 |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Fassihi |first1=Farnaz |last2=Vinograd |first2=Cassandra |date=6 July 2024 |title=Reformist Candidate Wins Iran's Presidential Election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/05/world/middleeast/iran-election-reformist-wins.html |access-date=6 July 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706034614/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/05/world/middleeast/iran-election-reformist-wins.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Oktoobar, Iiraan waxay [[October 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel|ridday]] 180 gantaallada ballistic-ga ah oo ku wajahan Israa'iil si looga aarguto dilalkii [[Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh|Ismail Haniyeh]], [[2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike|Hassan Nasrallah]] iyo [[Abbas Nilforoushan]]. Israa'iil waxay [[October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran|weerartay]] goobo milatari oo Iiraan ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=What we know about Israel's attack on Iran |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgr0yvrx4qpo |work=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=27 October 2024 |access-date=31 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241027231243/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgr0yvrx4qpo |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Maajo 2025, xukuumadda Iiraan waxay amar ku bixisay [[2025 Afghan deportation from Iran|masaafurin ballaaran]] oo lagu sameynayo qiyaastii afar milyan oo [[Afghan diaspora|muhaajiriin Afgaanistaan ah]] iyo qaxooti ku nool Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran tells millions of Afghans to leave or face arrest on day of deadline |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/6/iran-tells-millions-of-afghans-to-leave-or-face-arrest-on-day-of-deadline |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=6 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:تقدیم پیام پادشاه عربستان به رهبر انقلاب 07.jpg|thumb|Ayatollah [[Ali Khamenei]] oo ay weheliyaan Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga [[Saudi Arabia]] [[Khalid bin Salman Al Saud|Khalid bin Salman]] iyo Janaraal [[Mohammad Bagheri (general)|Mohammad Bagheri]] 17-kii Abriil 2025]]
Wiiqidda [[Axis of Resistance|xulafada muhiimka ah iyo kooxaha u adeega]] Iiraan tan iyo 2023 waxay ka dhigtay xukuumadda Iiraan mid daciif ah oo go'doon ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Iran's leader hopes America can save his faltering regime |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/05/01/irans-leader-hopes-america-can-save-his-faltering-regime |access-date=25 May 2025 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 December 2024 |title=Iran in a 'position of unprecedented weakness' after the fall of Assad in Syria |url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20241209-iran-position-unprecedented-weakness-after-fall-of-assad-syria-proxies-hezbollah-middle-east |access-date=25 May 2025 |publisher=[[France 24]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 March 2025 |title=The fall of Assad has exposed the extent of the damage to Iran's axis of resistance |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/12/fall-assad-has-exposed-extent-damage-irans-axis-resistance |access-date=25 May 2025 |website=Chatham House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Horraantii 2025, Iiraan waxay si xawli ah u hormarinaysay barnaamijkeeda nukliyeerka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Barnes |first=Joe |date=31 January 2025 |title=Iran 'secretly building nuclear missiles that can hit Europe' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/01/31/iran-nuclear-warhead-europe-revolutionary-guard-north-korea/ |access-date=28 April 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dadka falanqeeya waxay ka digeen in dhaqdhaqaaqaas uu dhaafay wax kasta oo qiil rayid ah u yeelan kara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Economist20250128&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Iran's alarming nuclear dash will soon test Donald Trump |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/01/28/irans-alarming-nuclear-dash-will-soon-test-donald-trump |access-date=23 February 2025 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iiraan iyo Maraykanka waxay [[2025–2026 Iran–United States negotiations|bilaabeen wada-xaajoodyo]] heshiis nukliyeer oo cusub ah, laakiin horumarka ayaa istaagay. Bishii Juun, [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]] waxay ogaatay in Iiraan aysan u hoggaansamin waajibaadkeeda nukliyeerka;&lt;ref name=&quot;Euronews20250612&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UN nuclear watchdog finds Iran in non-compliance with its obligations |url=https://www.euronews.com/2025/06/12/un-nuclear-watchdog-finds-iran-in-non-compliance-with-nuclear-obligations |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=Euro News |date=12 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyadoo taas ka jawaabaysa, Iiraan waxay ku dhawaaqday kicinta xarun hodmin oo cusub.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN20250612&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Salem |first1=Mostafa |last2=Pleitgen |first2=Frederik |date=12 June 2025 |title=Iran threatens nuclear escalation after UN watchdog board finds it in breach of obligations |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/12/middleeast/iran-threatens-nuclear-escalation-iaea-intl |access-date=12 June 2025 |publisher=[[CNN]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 13-kii Juun 2025, Israa'iil waxay weeraro ka bilowday Iiraan oo dhan, iyadoo beegsanaysa xarumaha nukliyeerka ayna dishay xubno sarsare oo ka tirsan hoggaanka milatariga Iiraan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Shotter |first1=James |last2=Sevastopulo |first2=Demetri |last3=England |first3=Andrew |last4=Bozorgmehr |first4=Najmeh |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel launches air strikes against Iran commanders and nuclear sites |url=https://www.ft.com/content/46b1a363-c805-4800-abbf-6b47b9602ef2 |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Fassihi |first1=Farnaz |last2=Nauman |first2=Qasim |last3=Boxerman |first3=Aaron |last4=Kingsley |first4=Patrick |last5=Bergman |first5=Ronen |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel Strikes Iran's Nuclear Program, Killing Top Military Officials: Live Updates |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/12/world/israel-iran-us-nuclear |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iiraan waxay ugu jawaabtay weeraro gantaallo ah, colaadduna waxay keentay [[Twelve-Day War|dagaal toos ah]] oo u dhaxeeya labadooda. 22-kii Juun, [[United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites|Maraykanka ayaa weeraray xarumaha nukliyeerka ee Iiraan]];&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 June 2025 |title=Trump says US has attacked three nuclear sites in Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jun/21/trump-us-nuclear-strikes-iran |access-date=22 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iiraanna waxay [[Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base|weerartay saldhigyada Maraykanka ee Qatar]] taas ka dhalatay. 24-kii Juun, Israa'iil iyo Iiraan waxay ku heshiiyeen xabbad-joojin ka dib markii uu Maraykanku ku adkeeyay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 June 2025 |title=Trump says Iran and Israel agree to a ceasefire |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/trump-says-iran-israel-agree-ceasefire-2025-06-23/ |access-date=23 June 2025 |work=[[Reuters]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-iran-israel-ceasefire-agreement-terms-b5fc5cc8a8c32b4899646130b496798a |title=A whirlwind 48 hours: How Trump's Israel-Iran ceasefire agreement came together |date=24 June 2025 |website=AP News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tan iyo bishii Diseembar 2025, Iiraan waxaa ka jiray [[2025–2026 Iranian protests|mudaaharaadyo ballaaran]] oo ka dhacay magaalooyinka kuwaas oo loogu baaqayo in la rido Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah, taas oo ka dhalatay niyad-jab ku saabsan [[Iranian economic crisis|xiisadda dhaqaale]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Parent |first1=Deepa |last2=Christou |first2=William |date=31 December 2025 |title='We want the mullahs gone': economic crisis sparks biggest protests in Iran since 2022 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/31/we-want-the-mullahs-gone-economic-crisis-sparks-biggest-protests-in-iran-since-2022 |access-date=1 January 2026 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{As of|2026|01|13}}, ''[[Iran International]]'' waxay ku qiyaastay in ugu yaraan 12,000 oo mudaaharaadayaal ah lagu dilay gudaha [[2026 Internet blackout in Iran|xannibaadda internet-ka]], iyadoo ciidamada ammaanka ee dawladdu ay kordhiyeen isticmaalka rasaasta dilaaga ah ee ka dhanka ah mudaaharaadayaasha.&lt;ref name=&quot;2000killed&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=10 January 2026 |title=Mass killings reported as security forces use live fire on Iran protesters |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202601103903 |access-date=10 January 2026 |publisher=Iran International}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Sparks |first=John |date=9 January 2026 |title=Iran's leaders facing most serious threat since 1979 revolution |url=https://news.sky.com/story/irans-leaders-facing-most-serious-threat-since-1979-revolution-13492604 |access-date=9 January 2026 |website=Sky News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.iranintl.com/en/202601130145&lt;/ref&gt; {{As of|2026|01|17}}, qiyaasuhu waxay soo jeediyeen in ugu yaraan 16,500 oo qof lagu dilay ku dhawaad 330,000 oo kalena lagu dhaawacay [[2026 Iran massacres|xasuuqyadii Iiraan ee 2026]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lamb |first=Christina |date=17 January 2026 |title=Iran report says 16,500 dead in 'genocide under digital darkness' |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/middle-east/article/iran-young-protesters-news-nsdztp5t2 |access-date=18 January 2026 |website=The Sunday Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

28-kii Febraayo 2026, [[United States|Maraykanka]] iyo [[Israel|Israa'iil]] waxay fuliyeen [[2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran|weeraro milatari oo isku dubaridan]] oo ka dhan ah bartilmaameedyo dhowr ah oo ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan, taas oo muujinaysa kor u kac weyn oo ku yimid xiisadda soo jireenka ah ee u dhaxeysa [[Tehran]] iyo [[Israel–United States relations|isbahaysiga Maraykanka iyo Israa'iil.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Kevin |last2=Ebrahim |first2=Nadeen |last3=Liebermann |first3=Oren |date=2026-02-28 |title=US carrying out strikes against Iran, three US officials say |url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-attack-02-28-26-hnk-intl |access-date=2026-02-28 |work=[[CNN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo ay socdeen weeraro gantaallo ah oo baaxad leh oo ay Maraykanka iyo Israa'iil ku qaadeen Iiraan qayb ka mid ah [[2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran|Operation Epic Fury]], sarkaal Israa'iili ah oo aan magaciisa la sheegin ayaa sheegay in la helay maydka Ali Khamenei. Ma jirin qof si cad u beddelaya Khamenei.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-28 |title=What to know about Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei |url=https://apnews.com/article/raw/iran-khamenei-supreme-leader-nuclear-protests-military-487aa76fd32f398f2ca37d316e543760 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=AP News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Juquraafi ==
{{Main|Juquraafiga Iiraan}}

{{See also|Xuduudaha Iiraan|Beeraha Iiraan|Liiska buuraha Iiraan|Liiska jasiiradaha Iiraan}}
[[File:Iran-geographic map.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Geography of Iran#Topography|Topografiyada Iiraan]]]]

Iiraan waxay leedahay bed gaaraya {{convert|1648195|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. Waa [[List of Asian countries by area|dalka lixaad ee ugu weyn qaaradda Aasiya]] iyo kan labaad ee ugu weyn Galbeedka Aasiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |title=Iran's Strategy in the Strait of Hormuz |url=https://thediplomat.com/2012/07/irans-strategy-in-the-strait-of-hormuz/ |magazine=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208071232/https://thediplomat.com/2012/07/irans-strategy-in-the-strait-of-hormuz/ |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=29 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay dhacdaa inta u dhaxaysa loolka 24° iyo 40° N iyo dhigaha 44° iyo 64° E. Waxay xuduud la leedahay dhanka waqooyi-galbeed [[Armenia]], gobolka go'an ee [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/ |title=CIA – The World Factbook |access-date=7 April 2012 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127171042/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/ |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Jamhuuriyadda [[Azerbaijan]]; dhanka waqooyi waxaa ka xiga [[Caspian Sea|Badda Casbiya]]; waqooyi-bari [[Turkmenistan]]; bari waxaa ka xiga [[Afghanistan]] iyo Pakistan; koonfur waxaa ka xiga [[Persian Gulf|Khaliijka Faaris]] iyo [[Gulf of Oman|Khaliijka Cumaan]]; dhanka galbeedna [[Iraq]] iyo Turkiga.

Iiraan waxay ku taal aag u nugul dhulgariirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/which-country-has-most-earthquakes |title=Which country has the most earthquakes? |date=2 May 2010 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |access-date=22 May 2021 |archive-date=22 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522195818/https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/which-country-has-most-earthquakes |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Celcelis ahaan, dhulgariir cabbirkiisu yahay 7.0 ama ka badan wuxuu dhacaa tobankii sanno mar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.ilna.news/fa/tiny/news-11875 |script-title=fa:هر ده سال، یک زلزله ۷ ریشتری در کشور رخ می‌دهد &amp;#124; خبرگزاری ایلنا |date=13 October 2012 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328151114/https://www.ilna.ir/بخش-اخبار-47/11875-هر-ده-سال-یک |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inta badan dhulgariirradu waa kuwo gacmeed ah (shallow-focus), waxayna keeni karaan burbur weyn, sida [[2003 Bam earthquake|dhulgariirkii Bam ee 2003]]. Iiraan waxay u badan tahay [[Iranian Plateau|Dhul-sareedka Iiraan]], iyadoo qaybteeda koonfur-galbeed ay saaran tahay [[Arabian plate|huurada Carabta]]. Waa mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu buuraha badan adduunka; muuqaalkeeda waxaa u badan silsilado buuro ah oo kala sooca dooxooyinka ama dhul-sareedyada. Galbeedka Iiraan oo dadku ku badan yahay ayaa ah meesha ugu buuraha badan, waxaana ku yaal silsilado ay ka mid yihiin [[Caucasus Mountains|Caucasus]], [[Zagros Mountains|Zagros]], iyo [[Alborz]]. [[Mount Damavand]] waa halka ugu sarreysa dalka, jooggeedu waa {{convert|5610|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, waana foolkaanooyinka ugu sarreeya Aasiya. Buuraha Iiraan waxay saameyn ku lahaayeen siyaasadda iyo dhaqaalaha dalkaas muddo qarniyo ah.

Waqooyiga Iiraan waxaa qariyay dhul-daaqsimeedka doogga ah ee [[Hyrcanian forests|kaymaha Hyrcanian]], oo u dhow xeebaha koonfureed ee Badda Casbiya. Dhanka bari wuxuu u badan yahay dooxooyin saxare ah, sida [[Dasht-e Kavir|Saxaraha Kavir]], oo ah saxaraha ugu weyn dalka, iyo [[Dasht-e Loot|Saxaraha Lut]], iyo sidoo kale harooyin cusbo leh. Saxaraha Lut waa meesha ugu kulul ee laga diiwaan geliyay dusha sare ee dhulka, iyadoo 70.7 °C laga diiwaan geliyay sannadkii 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 November 2009 |title=The 5 Hottest Deserts in the World |url=https://www.mapquest.com/travel/survival/wilderness/5-hottest-deserts-on-earth.htm |access-date=31 December 2023 |website=MapQuest Travel |language=en-us |archive-date=31 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231121804/https://www.mapquest.com/travel/survival/wilderness/5-hottest-deserts-on-earth.htm |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bannaanlo ballaaran ayaa laga helaa xeebaha Casbiya iyo cirifka waqooyi ee Khaliijka Faaris, halkaas oo Iiraan ay xuduud ka leedahay webiga [[Shatt al-Arab|Arvand]]. Bannaanlo yaryar oo aan isku xirneyn ayaa ku yaal inta kale ee xeebta Khaliijka Faaris, [[Strait of Hormuz|Marinka Hormuz]], iyo Khaliijka Cumaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Iranian Student Organization (IrSO) |url=https://www.unl.edu/irso/geography |access-date=28 January 2024 |website= |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128122610/https://www.unl.edu/irso/geography |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cimilada ===
{{main|Cimilada Iiraan}}

[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map IRN present.svg|thumb|Khariidadda [[Köppen climate classification|noocyada cimilada]] ee Iiraan]]
Cimilada Iiraan waa mid kala duwan, laga bilaabo [[Desert climate|engeg]] iyo [[semi-arid climate|nus-engeg]], ilaa [[subtropics|kuleyl-xigeen]] ka jira xeebta Casbiya iyo kaymaha waqooyiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;HaftlangLang2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=Kiyanoosh Kiyani Haftlang |author2=Kiyānūsh Kiyānī Haft Lang |title=The Book of Iran: A Survey of the Geography of Iran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gecy7sqblqoC&amp;pg=PA17 |year=2003 |publisher=Alhoda UK |isbn=978-964-94491-3-5 |page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cirifka waqooyi ee Iiraan, heerkulku dhif iyo naadir ayuu hoos ugu dhacaa dhibicda barafka (freezing), aaggaasna waa mid qoyan. Heerkulka xagaaga dhif ayuu ka sarreeyaa {{convert|29|°C|°F|1}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine-in-Iran |title=Weather and Climate: Iran, average monthly Rainfall, Sunshine, Temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed |newspaper=World Weather and Climate Information |access-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922105410/https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine-in-Iran |archive-date=22 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Roobka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|680|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} bannaanada bari iyo in ka badan {{convert|1700|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} dhanka galbeed. Isku-duwaha Qaramada Midoobay ee Iiraan ayaa sheegay in &quot;[[Water scarcity|Biyo-yaraantu]] ay tahay caqabadda ugu weyn ee xagga amniga bini'aadamka ee maanta ka jirta Iiraan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/farming-reforms-offer-hope-irans-water-crisis-131227395.html |title=Farming reforms offer hope for Iran's water crisis |last1=Moghtader |first1=Michelle |date=3 August 2014 |agency=[[Reuters]] |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807031853/http://news.yahoo.com/farming-reforms-offer-hope-irans-water-crisis-131227395.html |archive-date=7 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhanka galbeed, deegaannada ku yaal dooxada Zagros waxay leeyihiin heerkul hoose iyo qaboobeyaal adag, oo leh baraf culus. Dooxooyinka bari iyo kuwa dhexe waa engeg, roobkuna wuxuu ka yaryahay {{convert|200|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. Heerkulka xagaaga ee celceliska ah wuxuu gaari karaa {{convert|38|°C|1}}. Bannaanada xeebaha koonfureed ee Khaliijka Faaris iyo Khaliijka Cumaan waxay leeyihiin qaboobeyaal dhexdhexaad ah, iyo xagaayo aad u qoyan oo kulul. Roobka sannadlaha ah wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa {{convert|135|to|355|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nagarajan2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=R. Nagarajan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x1505bxl0EkC&amp;pg=PA383 |title=Drought Assessment |publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media |year=2010 |isbn=978-90-481-2500-5 |page=383}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kala-duwanaanshaha Noolaha ===
{{See also|Duurjoogta Iiraan|Liiska jardiinooyinka qaranka Iiraan|Kaymaha Iiraan}}

[[File:Persian Leopard sitting.jpg|thumb|[[Persian leopard|Libaax-badhka Faaris]], oo u dhashay [[Iranian Plateau|Dhul-sareedka Iiraan]]]]
Ku dhowaad 60% Iiraan waa buuraley, in ka yar 10% na waa kaymo. Qiyaastii 120 milyan oo hektar oo kaymo iyo beero ah ayaa dawladdu leedahay. Kaymaha Iiraan waxaa loo qaybin karaa shan goobood: gobolka Hyrcanian oo ka kooban suunka cagaaran ee dhanka waqooyi; gobolka [[Turan]], oo u badan kuwo ku kala firirsan bartamaha Iiraan; gobolka [[Zagros Mountains|Zagros]], oo u badan kaymo geed-ballood (oak) ah dhanka galbeed; gobolka Khaliijka Faaris, oo ku kala firirsan suunka xeebta koonfureed; iyo gobolka [[Arasbaran|Arasbarani]], oo ay ku jiraan noocyo dhif ah. In ka badan 8,200 oo nooc oo [[plant|dhir]] ah ayaa ka baxa. Waxaa jira in ka badan 200 oo aag oo la ilaaliyo si loo dhowro duurjoogta, iyadoo in ka badan 30 ay yihiin [[national park|jardiinooyin qaran]].

Duurjoogta Iiraan waxaa ka mid ah 34 nooc oo fiidmeerta ah, [[Indian grey mongoose|shabeel-biyeedka Hindida]], [[golden jackal|dawaco-cas]], [[Indian wolf|yeyda]], [[fox|dawacooyinka]], [[striped hyena|waraabaha xariijimaha leh]], [[leopard|shabeelka]], [[brown bear|madax-madowga]] iyo [[Asian black bear|oromada madow ee Aasiya]]. Noocyada [[Ungulate|xayawaanka qofka leh]] waxaa ka mid ah [[wild boar|doofaarka duurka]], [[red deer|deerada cas]], iyo [[goitered gazelle|deerada goitered]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Fast2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=April Fast |title=Iran: The Land |url=https://archive.org/details/iranland0000fast |year=2005 |publisher=Crabtree Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-7787-9315-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Asiatic cheetah|Shabeelka Aasiya]] ee khatarta weyn ugu jira dabar-goynta wuxuu ku haray oo kaliya Iiraan. Iiraan waxay weysay dhamaan [[Asiatic lion|libaaxyadii Aasiya]] iyo [[Caspian tiger|shabeel-dharihii Casbiya]] horraantii qarnigii 20-aad. Iiraan waxay hoy u tahay in ka badan 570 nooc oo shimbiraha ah sida [[pheasant]], [[partridge]], [[stork]], [[eagle|gorgorka]] iyo [[falcon|shaqrada]].

== Dawladda iyo Siyaasadda ==
{{Main|Dawladda Iiraan|Siyaasadda Iiraan}}

=== Hoggaamiyaha Sare ===
{{Main|Hoggaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan}}

{{Multiple image
| direction         = horizontal
| align             = right
| caption_align     = center
| total_width       = 320
| image1            = Emblem of Iran.svg
| image2            = Masoud Pezeshkian 2025 (cropped).jpg
| image3            = Mohammad Reza Aref, July 2025 (cropped).jpg
| caption1          = ''Bannaan''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Supreme Leader of Iran|Hoggaamiyaha Sare]] &lt;/small&gt;
| caption2          = [[Masoud Pezeshkian]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[President of Iran|Madaxweynaha]] &lt;/small&gt;
| caption3          = [[Mohammad Reza Aref]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Vice President of Iran|Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka]] &lt;/small&gt;
}}

[[File:Ayatollah Ali Khamenei met with Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif 1404-3-10.jpg|thumb|Hoggaamiyaha Sare Ayatollah [[Ali Khamenei]] oo la jooga Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Pakistan [[Shehbaz Sharif]] 26-kii May 2025]]
Hoggaamiyaha Sare,{{efn|{{langx|fa|رهبر معظم|Rahbar-e Moazam}}}} ama ''Rahbar'', waa [[head of state|madaxa dawladda]] waana qofka mas'uulka ka ah kormeerka siyaasadda. Madaxweynuhu wuxuu leeyahay awood xaddidan marka loo eego ''Rahbar''. Wasiiro muhiim ah ayaa lagu soo doortaa heshiiska ''Rahbar'', kaas oo leh go'aanka ugu dambeeya ee siyaasadda dibadda.&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=In jab at rivals, Rouhani says Iran protests about more than economy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-rallies-rouhani/in-jab-at-hardliners-rouhani-says-iran-protests-were-not-only-economic-idUSKBN1EX0S9 |newspaper=[[Reuters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Rahbar'' wuxuu si toos ah ugu lug leeyahay magacaabista wasiirrada gaashaandhigga, sirdoonka iyo arrimaha dibadda.

''Rahbar'' wuxuu si toos ah u xukumaa siyaasadda gobolka. Safiirada loo diro dalalka Carabta, tusaale ahaan, waxaa soo doorta [[Quds Force|Ciidanka Quds]], kuwaas oo si toos ah ugu warbixiya Rahbar.&lt;ref name=&quot;english.aawsat.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Al-awsat |first=Asharq |date=25 September 2017 |title=Khamenei Orders New Supervisory Body to Curtail Government |url=https://english.aawsat.com/amir-taheri/features/khamenei-orders-new-supervisory-body-curtail-government}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Rahbar'' wuxuu amri karaa in sharciyada la beddelo. [[Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order|Setad]], oo ah shirkad dawladu leedahay oo hoos timaada ''Rahbar'', ayaa lagu qiimeeyay $95 bilyan sannadkii 2013, xisaabaadkeeduna waa sir xitaa [[Iranian parliament|baarlamaanka]] laguma soo bandhigo.

''Rahbar'' waa [[commander-in-chief|taliyaha guud]] ee [[Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida]], wuxuu xukumaa sirdoonka milatariga iyo hawlgallada amniga, wuxuuna leeyahay awoodda kaliya ee uu ku iclaamin karo dagaal ama nabad. ''Rahbar'' wuxuu sidoo kale magacaabaa madaxda garsoorka, shabakadaha raadiyaha iyo telefishinka dawladda, taliyayaasha booliska iyo milatariga, iyo xubnaha [[Guardian Council|Golaha Ilaalada]].

[[Assembly of Experts|Golaha Khubarada]] ayaa mas'uul ka ah doorashada ''Rahbar'' waxayna leeyihiin awood ay xilka kaga qaadaan. Ilaa iyo hadda, Golaha Khubarada ma tartamin go'aan kasta oo ''Rahbar'' uu gaaray, ismana isku dayin inay xilka ka qaadaan. Qaar badan ayaa raba inay aamminsan yihiin in Golaha Khubarada uu noqday gole maamuus oo kaliya oo aan lahayn awood dhab ah.

Nidaamka siyaasadeed wuxuu ku saleysan yahay [[Constitution of Iran|dastuurka dalka]]. Sida laga soo xigtay tusmooyinka caalamiga ah, Iiraan waxay ku jirtaa heer hoose xagga cabbirada dimuqraadiyadda, gaar ahaan sinnaanta ragga iyo haweenka, xorriyadda ururrada, iyo xorriyadda hadalka.

=== Madaxweynaha ===
{{Main|Madaxweynaha Iiraan}}

[[File:Presidential Administration of Iran building.jpg|thumb|Albaabka laga galo madaxtooyada Iiraan, halkaas oo golaha wasiiradu ku kulmaan]]
Madaxweynuhu waa [[head of government|madaxa xukuumadda]] iyo maamulka labaad ee ugu sarreeya Hoggaamiyaha Sare ka dib. Madaxweynaha waxaa lagu soo doortaa [[universal suffrage|codbixin guud]] muddo 4 sanno ah. Doorashada ka hor, musharraxiinta waa inay oggolaansho ka helaan [[Guardian Council|Golaha Ilaalada]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 June 2024 |title=Council of Guardians {{!}} Definition, Role, Selection, &amp; History |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Council-of-Guardians |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madaxweynaha waxaa dib loo dooran karaa hal mar oo kaliya. Madaxweynuhu waa guddoomiyaha [[Supreme National Security Council|Golaha Amniga Qaranka]], wuxuuna leeyahay awood uu ku iclaamiyo [[state of emergency|xaalad degdeg ah]] ka dib marka baarlamaanku ansixiyo.

Madaxweynuhu wuxuu mas'uul ka yahay dhaqangelinta dastuurka iyo fulinta go'aannada iyo siyaasadaha guud ee uu qeexay ''Rahbar'', marka laga reebo arrimaha si toos ah ugu xiran ''Rahbar''. Madaxweynuhu wuxuu magacaabaa wasiirrada, iyadoo ay ku xiran tahay ansixinta Baarlamaanka iyo ''Rahbar'', kaas oo eryi kara ama dib u soo celin kara wasiir kasta. Sideed madaxweyne ku-xigeen ayaa hoos timaada madaxweynaha, iyo sidoo kale gole wasiirro oo ka kooban 22 wasiir.

=== Golaha Ilaalada ===
{{Main|Golaha Ilaalada}}

Musharraxiinta madaxweynaha iyo baarlamaanka waa in ay ansixiyaan 12-ka xubnood ee Golaha Ilaalada (dhammaan xubnahooda waxaa magacaaba Hoggaamiyaha Sare) ka hor inta aysan u tartamin xilka si loo xaqiijiyo daacadnimadooda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Chibli Mallat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5oB4_tohQegC |title=The Renewal of Islamic Law |date=2004 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hoggaamiyaha Sare wuxuu ka noqon karaa go'aannada Golaha Ilaalada.

Dastuurku wuxuu siinayaa golaha saddex waajibaad: awoodda diidmada (veto) ee sharciyada uu soo saaro [[Majlis of Iran|baarlamaanka]], kormeerka doorashooyinka, iyo ansixinta ama ka saarista musharraxiinta u tartamaya doorashooyinka maxalliga ah, baarlamaanka, madaxtooyada, ama Golaha Khubarada. Goluhu wuxuu burin karaa sharci kasta haddii uu ka soo horjeedo [[sharia|shariicada Islaamka]] ama dastuurka.
=== Ciidanka ===
{{Main|Military history of Iran}}

[[File:Sejjil missile launch - November 2008 (21).jpg|thumb|upright=.7|[[Medium-range ballistic missile|MRBM]] [[Sejjil]]. Iiraan waa quwadda 6-aad ee [[Ballistic missile|gantaalaha]] adduunka, waana dalka 5-aad ee caalamka ee leh farsamada [[Hypersonic missile|gantaalaha haaybarsanik-ga]]]]

Ciidanka waxaa loo qaabeeyey qaab midaysan, kaas oo ah [[Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces]], oo ka kooban [[Islamic Republic of Iran Army]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces|Ciidanka Dhulka]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force|Ciidanka Difaaca Cirka]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka]], iyo [[Islamic Republic of Iran Navy|Ciidanka Badda]]; iyo [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]], oo ka kooban [[Islamic Republic of Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps Ground Forces|Ciidanka Dhulka]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force|Ciidanka Hawada Sare]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy|Ciidanka Badda]], [[Quds Force]], iyo [[Basij]]; iyo sidoo kale [[Police Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran|Taliska Booliska]] (Faraja), kaas oo qabta shaqo u dhiganta [[Gendarmerie|jandarmaari]]. In kasta oo IRIAF ay ilaaliso madaxbannaanida dalka qaab dhaqameed, IRGC waxaa loo xilsaaray inay sugto hufnaanta Jamhuuriyadda kana hortagto faragelinta shisheeye, afgembiyaasha, iyo rabshadaha gudaha.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7064353.stm &quot;Profile: Iran's Revolutionary Guards&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227172931/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7064353.stm|date=27 December 2008}}. [[BBC News]]. 18 October 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 2019, Mareykanka oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Donald Trump|Madaxweyne Donald Trump]] ayaa si rasmi ah ugu calaamadiyay Ilaalada Kacaanka urur argagixiso shisheeye. Waa markii ugu horreysay oo qayb ka mid ah dawlad shisheeye loo aqoonsado urur argagixiso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-designate-iranian-guard-corps-a-foreign-terrorist-organization-11554499401|title=U.S. to Designate Iranian Guard Corps a Foreign Terror Group|last1=Gordon|first1=Michael R.|date=5 April 2019|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=7 April 2019|last2=Strobel|first2=Warren P.|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|last3=Youssef|first3=Nancy A.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/label-iran-revolutionary-guard-corps-terrorist-group-190406061535338.html|title=US 'to label Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps a terrorist group'|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=7 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Conscription in Iran|Tan iyo 1925]], dhammaan muwaadiniinta labka ah ee jira 18 sano waa inay u adeegaan qiyaastii 14 bilood IRIAF ama IRGC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2024 |script-title=fa:اخبار سیاسی ۲۶ اسفند؛ کمک رهبرانقلاب به زندانیان نیازمند/تایید کاهش مدت سربازی |url=https://www.isna.ir/news/1402122618464/اخبار-سیاسی-۲۶-اسفند-کمک-رهبرانقلاب-به-زندانیان-نیازمند-تایید |access-date=16 March 2024 |website= |language=fa |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316122351/https://www.isna.ir/news/1402122618464/اخبار-سیاسی-۲۶-اسفند-کمک-رهبرانقلاب-به-زندانیان-نیازمند-تایید |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 March 2024 |script-title=fa:تایید مصوبه کاهش مدت سربازی در شورای نگهبان |url=https://www.ekhtebar.ir/تایید-مصوبه-کاهش-مدت-سربازی-در-شورای-نگ/ |access-date=16 March 2024 |website= |language=fa-IR |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316171553/https://www.ekhtebar.ir/تایید-مصوبه-کاهش-مدت-سربازی-در-شورای-نگ/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iiraan waxay leedahay in ka badan 610,000 oo askari oo firfircoon iyo qiyaastii 350,000 oo kayd ah, taas oo ka dhigan ugu yaraan in ka badan hal milyan oo shaqaale ciidan ah, waana mid ka mid ah [[List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel|boqolleyda ugu sarreysa ee muwaadiniinta leh tababarka ciidan]] ee adduunka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Murtaza |title=Why war with Iran would spell disaster |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2012/9/12/why-war-with-iran-would-spell-disaster |access-date=15 March 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229012940/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2012/9/12/why-war-with-iran-would-spell-disaster |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Seth G. |chapter=Regular Military Power |pages=19–27 |jstor=resrep29480.7 |jstor-access=free |title=Containing Tehran: Understanding Iran's Power and Exploiting Its Vulnerabilities |date=2020 |publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies |isbn=978-1-4422-8149-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Basij, oo ah maleeshiyo iskaa wax u qabso ah oo ka tirsan IRGC, waxay leedahay in ka badan 20 milyan oo xubnood, kuwaas oo 600,000 ay diyaar u yihiin u yeeritaan degdeg ah, 300,000 oo kayd ah, iyo hal milyan oo la abaabuli karo markii loo baahdo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=fa:ارتش بیست میلیونی |url=http://www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/n151194/ارتش_بیست_میلیونی |access-date=15 March 2024 |website= |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315102527/http://www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/n151194/ارتش_بیست_میلیونی |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Faraja, oo ah ciidanka booliska ee Iiraan, waxay leedahay in ka badan 260,000 oo shaqaale firfircoon. Inta badan hay'adaha tirakoobka kuma daraan Basij iyo Faraja warbixinadooda qiimeynta.

Iiraan waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 7-aad ee tirada ciidamada firfircoon&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Sinéad Baker |author2=Thibault Spirlet |title=The world's most powerful militaries in 2023, ranked |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ranked-world-most-powerful-militaries-2023-firepower-us-china-russia-2023-5 |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224124226/https://www.businessinsider.com/ranked-world-most-powerful-militaries-2023-firepower-us-china-russia-2023-5 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo kaalinta 9-aad ee baaxadda ciidamada dhulka iyo kuwa gaashaaman. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Iiraan ayaa ah kuwa ugu weyn Galbeedka Aasiya, waxayna ka kooban yihiin raxan diyaaradaha qumman ee ugu weyn Bariga Dhexe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=General Ghorbani: Iran helicopter fleet, strongest in Middle East |url=http://iranpress.com/aliaspage/7560 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=Iran Press |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224125731/https://iranpress.com/aliaspage/7560 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iiraan waxay ka mid tahay 15-ka waddan ee ugu sarreeya dhinaca miisaaniyadda ciidanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 April 2022 |title=Iran Boosts Military Budget To Stand Among Top 15 |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202204261827 |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Iran International |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210121648/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202204261827 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 2021, kharashka milatariga ayaa kordhay markii ugu horreysay muddo afar sano ah, isagoo gaaray $24.6 bilyan, taas oo ah 2.3% wax soo saarka guud ee dalka (GDP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2023 |title=Iran Military Spending=Defense Budget 1960–2023 |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/IRN/iran/military-spending-defense-budget |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Macrotrends |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210121648/https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/IRN/iran/military-spending-defense-budget |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tan iyo kacaankii Islaamiga ahaa, si ay uga gudubto cunaqabateynta dibadda, Iiraan waxay horumarisay warshado milatari oo gudaha ah oo awood u leh inay soo saaraan [[tank]]-yo, [[armoured personnel carrier|gaadiidka gaashaaman ee ciidanka]], [[missile|gantaalo]], [[submarine|maraakiibta quusta]], [[Iranian frigate Jamaran|markabka gantaalaha xambaara]], nidaamyada [[radar]]-ka, [[helicopter|diyaaradaha qumman]], [[Navy|maraakiibta dagaalka]], iyo [[fighter aircraft|diyaaradaha dagaalka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AskariMohseni2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=Hossein Askari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxdtLyJZxDUC&amp;pg=PA93 |title=The Militarization of the Persian Gulf: An Economic Analysis |author2=Amin Mohseni |author3=Shahrzad Daneshvar |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84980-186-7 |page=93}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sidaas darteed, Iiraan waxay leedahay arsenal-ka ugu weyn uguna kala duwan ee [[ballistic missile|gantaalaha balastikada]] ee Bariga Dhexe, waana dalka 5-aad ee adduunka ee leh farsamada [[Hypersonic missile|gantaalaha haaybarsanik-ga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Motamedi |first=Maziar |date=6 June 2023 |title=Fattah: Iran unveils its first hypersonic missile |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/6/fattah-iran-unveils-its-first-hypersonic-missile |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606223808/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/6/fattah-iran-unveils-its-first-hypersonic-missile |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iiraan waxay sidoo kale naqshadaysaa oo soo saartaa noocyo kala duwan oo [[unmanned aerial vehicle|diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn]] (UAV). Sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah shanta waddan ee adduunka ee leh awoodda [[cyberwarfare|dagaalka internetka]].

=== Barnaamijka Nukliyeerka ===
{{Main|Nuclear program of Iran}}

Barnaamijka nukliyeerka ee Iiraan wuxuu soo bilaabmay 1950-meeyadii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 January 2007 |title=An atomic threat made in America |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/chi-061209atoms-day1-story-htmlstory.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405050620/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-061209atoms-day1-story,0,2034260.htmlstory |archive-date=5 April 2014 |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iiraan waxay dib u soo noolaysay kacaankii Islaamiga ka dib, barnaamijkeeda kobcinta nukliyeerka wuxuu noqday mawduuc laga yeesho wada xaajoodyo caalami ah oo xooggan iyo cunaqabateyn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2012 |title=Iran's Nuclear Program – Council on Foreign Relations |work=Council on Foreign Relations |url=http://www.cfr.org/iran/irans-nuclear-program/p16811 |access-date=1 May 2024 |archive-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220182315/http://www.cfr.org/iran/irans-nuclear-program/p16811}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanadkii 2015, Iiraan iyo [[P5+1]] waxay ku heshiiyeen [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Heshiiska Nukliyeerka]], ujeedkiisuna ahaa in la soo afjaro cunaqabateynta dhaqaale beddelkeedana la xaddido soo saarista [[enriched uranium|yuraaniyamka la kobciyey]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iran Deal |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/328996 |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=The White House |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427112948/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/328996 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Si kasta ha ahaatee, 2018-kii, [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Mareykanka ayaa isaga baxay]] heshiiska intii uu jiray maamulkii Trump, waxaana dib loogu soo rogay cunaqabateyn. Tan waxaa kala kulmay iska caabin Iiraan iyo xubnaha kale ee P5+1.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Kara |date=8 May 2018 |title=European leaders 'disappointed' in Trump's withdrawal from Iran deal |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/08/europe/iran-deal-world-leaders-react/index.html |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174028/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/08/europe/iran-deal-world-leaders-react/index.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanad ka dib, Iiraan waxay bilowday inay dhimto u hoggaansanaanteeda heshiiska. Markay ahayd 2020, Iiraan waxay ku dhawaaqday inaysan dhowri doonin wax xaddidid ah oo uu dhigayo heshiisku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2020 |title=Iran abandons enrichment limits in further step back from nuclear deal |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200105-iran-abandons-enrichment-limits-in-further-step-back-from-nuclear-deal |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[France 24]] |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174027/https://www.france24.com/en/20200105-iran-abandons-enrichment-limits-in-further-step-back-from-nuclear-deal |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guulaha tan iyo markaas laga gaaray waxay Iiraan keeneen meel u dhow heerka loogu yeero [[Nuclear latency|marinka nukliyeerka]].

=== Saamaynta Gobolka ===
{{Main|Iranian influence in Lebanon|Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war|Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)}}

[[File:Iranian Influence (2).png|thumb|Iiraan iyo [[sphere of influence|aagga saamaynteeda]]]]
Saamaynta muuqata ee Iiraan waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu sifeeyaa &quot;Bilowga Boqortooyada Cusub ee Faaris&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=Fereydoun Khavand |date=14 September 2017 |title=Are We Witnessing The Dawn Of A New Persian Empire? |work=Radio Farda |url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-influence-in-middle-east-new-empire/28735042.html |access-date=31 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaar ka mid ah falanqeeyayaasha ayaa saamaynta Iiraan la xiriiriya dhaxalka qaran ee dalka, [[Achaemenid Empire|boqortooyadii]] hore iyo [[History of Iran|taariikhda]] qani ah ee ay leedahay.

Kacaanka ka dib, Iran waxay kordhisay saamaynta ay ku leedahay gobolka iyo dibaddaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 August 2015 |title=The Challenge of Iran |url=https://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/challenge-iran |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=[[United States Institute of Peace]] |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/challenge-iran}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iran, a Geopolitical Player in the Middle East |url=https://www.iemed.org/publication/iran-a-geopolitical-player-in-the-middle-east/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174232/https://www.iemed.org/publication/iran-a-geopolitical-player-in-the-middle-east/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=G. P. F. |date=16 February 2018 |title=Iranian Expansion Spreads Beyond the Middle East |url=https://geopoliticalfutures.com/iranian-expansion-spreads-beyond-middle-east/ |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Geopolitical Futures |language=en-US |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131115020/https://geopoliticalfutures.com/iranian-expansion-spreads-beyond-middle-east/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New report reveals extent of Iran's growing Middle East influence |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/7/new-report-reveals-extent-of-irans-growing-middle-east-influence |access-date=31 January 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131115020/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/7/new-report-reveals-extent-of-irans-growing-middle-east-influence |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay dhistay ciidamo millatari oo leh shabakad ballaaran oo ka kooban xubno dawladeed iyo kuwo aan dawli ahayn, laga bilaabo Xisbullah ee Lubnaan sanadkii 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kane |first=J. Robert |year=2018 |title=A Life Cycle Analysis of Hezbollah: Where the Group Came from and Where It Is Going |journal=American Intelligence Journal |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=67–73 |jstor=26566567}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hezbollah's Record on War &amp; Politics |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hezbollahs-record-war-politics |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |date=25 October 2023 |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131093311/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hezbollahs-record-war-politics |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ciidanka Ilaalada Kacaanka ee IRGC ayaa fure u ahaa saamaynta Iran, iyadoo loo marayo Cududda Quds.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=8 April 2019 |title=Profile: Iran's Revolutionary Guards |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47852262 |access-date=30 January 2024 |language=en-GB |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316054026/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47852262 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hezbollah's Regional Activities in Support of Iran's Proxy Networks |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/hezbollahs-regional-activities-support-irans-proxy-networks |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=[[Middle East Institute]] |language=en |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513224544/https://www.mei.edu/publications/hezbollahs-regional-activities-support-irans-proxy-networks |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=DeVore |first=Marc R. |year=2012 |title=Exploring the Iran-Hezbollah Relationship: A Case Study of how State Sponsorship affects Terrorist Group Decision-Making |journal=Perspectives on Terrorism |volume=6 |issue=4/5 |pages=85–107 |jstor=26296878}}&lt;/ref&gt; Deganaansho la'aanta Lubnaan (laga bilaabo 1980-meeyadii),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kliot |first=N. |year=1987 |title=The Collapse of the Lebanese State |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=54–74 |doi=10.1080/00263208708700688 |jstor=4283154}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ciraaq (laga bilaabo 2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 March 2023 |title=War, insurgency, IS and instability: Iraq since the 2003 US invasion |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/19/war-insurgency-is-and-instability-iraq-since-the-2003-us-invasion |access-date=30 January 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Yemen (laga bilaabo 2014)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 October 2023 |title=The Saudi-led War in Yemen: Frequently Asked Questions {{!}} Friends Committee On National Legislation |url=https://www.fcnl.org/issues/middle-east-iran/saudi-led-war-yemen-frequently-asked-questions |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128135958/https://www.fcnl.org/issues/middle-east-iran/saudi-led-war-yemen-frequently-asked-questions |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; waxay Iran u ogolaatay inay dhisto xulafo xooggan iyo saldhigyo ka baxsan xuduudaheeda. Iran waxay saamayn weyn ku lahayd adeegyada bulshada, waxbarashada, dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda Lubnaan,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |jstor=resrep20960.6 |title=Hezbollah's Intervention in the Syrian Conflict |last1=Ali |first1=Mohanad Hage |journal=Power Points Defining the Syria-Hezbollah Relationship |date=30 January 2024 |pages=8–13 |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akbar |first=Ali |date=8 August 2023 |title=Iran's soft power in the Middle East via the promotion of the Persian language |journal=Contemporary Politics |language=en |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=424–445 |doi=10.1080/13569775.2023.2169305 |issn=1356-9775 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lubnaanna waxay Iran siisaa marin ay ka gasho [[Badda Mediterranean-ka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tehran's Corridor to the Mediterranean Sea – EUROPolitika |url=https://www.europolitika.com/tehrans-corridor-to-the-mediterranean-sea/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |language=tr |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174232/https://www.europolitika.com/tehrans-corridor-to-the-mediterranean-sea/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 December 2023 |title=Iran Threatens Mediterranean Closure Over Gaza Without Saying How |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/iran-threatens-mediterranean-closure-over-gaza-without-saying-how/7409793.html |access-date=30 January 2024 |publisher=Voice of America |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://www.voanews.com/a/iran-threatens-mediterranean-closure-over-gaza-without-saying-how/7409793.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guulaha istiraatiijiyadeed ee Xisbullah ay ka gaartay Israa'iil, sida guushii calaamadda u ahayd intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii Lubnaan ee 2006|Dagaalkii 2006 ee Israa'iil iyo Xisbullah]], waxay sare u qaaday saamaynta Iran ee [[Levant]] waxayna xoojisay soo jiidashadeeda guud ahaan [[Dunida Islaamka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iran Thrives In The Levant On Weakened States Threatened By Sunni Radicalism |url=https://www.hoover.org/research/iranian-corridor-middle-east-geopolitics-sectarianism-and-economic-integration |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.hoover.org/research/iranian-corridor-middle-east-geopolitics-sectarianism-and-economic-integration |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA560123 |title=How to Contain Iranian Influence in the Levant |language=en |access-date=30 January 2024 |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174232/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA560123 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duulaankii [[Duulaankii Ciraaq ee 2003|Mareykanka ee Ciraaq sanadkii 2003]] iyo imaatinkii [[Dawladda Islaamka|ISIS]] badhtamihii 2010-yadii ka dib, Iran waxay maalgelisay oo tababartay kooxo maleeshiyo ah oo Ciraaq jooga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Institute for the Study of War&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Institute for the Study of War |url=http://dev-isw.bivings.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325065358/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-24 |archive-date=25 March 2022 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=Institute for the Study of War |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Luca Nevola |author2=Miran Feyli |date=23 May 2023 |title=The Muqawama and Its Enemies: Shifting Patterns in Iran-Backed Shiite Militia Activity in Iraq |url=https://acleddata.com/2023/05/23/the-muqawama-and-its-enemies-shifting-patterns-in-iran-backed-shiite-militia-activity-in-iraq/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=ACLED |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://acleddata.com/2023/05/23/the-muqawama-and-its-enemies-shifting-patterns-in-iran-backed-shiite-militia-activity-in-iraq/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Crispin Smith |author2=Michael Knights |date=20 March 2023 |title=Remaking Iraq: How Iranian-Backed Militias Captured the Country |url=https://www.justsecurity.org/85566/remaking-iraq-how-iranian-backed-militias-captured-the-country/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Just Security |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.justsecurity.org/85566/remaking-iraq-how-iranian-backed-militias-captured-the-country/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dagaalkii Iran iyo Ciraaq iyo dhicitaankii [[Saddam Hussein]] ka dib, Iran waxay qaabaysay siyaasadda Ciraaq.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=How Much Influence Does Iran Have in Iraq? |url=https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/how-much-influence-does-iran-have-iraq |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330011242/https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/how-much-influence-does-iran-have-iraq |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iran is still the main foreign power in Iraq |url=https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/iran-is-still-the-main-foreign-power-in-iraq-121476 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=ISPI |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130175734/https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/iran-is-still-the-main-foreign-power-in-iraq-121476 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Motamedi |first=Maziar |title=Where does Iran stand on neighbouring Iraq's political turmoil? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/31/where-does-iran-stand-on-neighbouring-iraqs-political-turmoil |access-date=30 January 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/31/where-does-iran-stand-on-neighbouring-iraqs-political-turmoil |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dib halgankii Ciraaq ee ka dhanka ahaa ISIS ee 2014, shirkado lala xiriiriyo IRGC sida [[Khatam-al Anbiya Construction Headquarters|Khatam al-Anbiya]], waxay bilaabeen inay dhisaan waddooyin, xarumo koronto, hoteello iyo ganacsiyo Ciraaq dhexdeeda ah, iyagoo abuuray marin dhaqaale oo ku kacaya qiyaastii $9 bilyan ka hor [[COVID-19]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=fa:افزایش صادرات ایران به عراق تا 9 میلیارد دلار/ در تجارت با منطقه جایگاه مناسبی نداریم |url=https://khabarfarsi.com/u/111389054 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=KhabarFarsi.com |language=fa |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://khabarfarsi.com/u/111389054 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Achaemenid Empire 500 BCE.jpg|thumb|Boqortooyadii Achaemenid sanadkii 500 BC]]
Intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Yemen (2014–ilaa hadda)|Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Yemen]] Iran waxay taageero millatari siisay Xuutiyiinta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Houthis, Iran, and tensions in the Red Sea |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/houthis-iran-and-tensions-red-sea |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Middle East Institute |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.mei.edu/publications/houthis-iran-and-tensions-red-sea |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 August 2021 |title=How Iran Helped Houthis Expand Their Reach |url=https://warontherocks.com/2021/08/how-iran-helped-houthis-expand-their-reach/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=War on the Rocks |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://warontherocks.com/2021/08/how-iran-helped-houthis-expand-their-reach/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lester |first=Stephanie |date=19 December 2019 |title=Media Guide: Iran and the Yemeni Civil War |url=http://www.us-iran.org/resources/2019/12/19/media-guide-iran-and-the-yemeni-civil-war |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=American Iranian Council |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/http://www.us-iran.org/resources/2019/12/19/media-guide-iran-and-the-yemeni-civil-war |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; oo ah dhaqdhaqaaq Shiico [[Zaydism|Zaydi]] ah oo la dagaalamayay dawladda [[Sunni Islam|Sunniga]] ee Yemen ilaa 2004,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 December 2023 |title=5 Things to Know About the Houthis, Their Attacks on Israel and the U.S., and Their Treatment of Yemen's Jews {{!}} AJC |url=https://www.ajc.org/news/5-things-to-know-about-the-houthis-their-attacks-on-israel-and-the-us-and-their-treatment-of |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.ajc.org/news/5-things-to-know-about-the-houthis-their-attacks-on-israel-and-the-us-and-their-treatment-of |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ignatius |first=David |date=16 January 2024 |title=Opinion {{!}} The Houthis sink an arrow into the West's Achilles' heel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/01/16/red-sea-houthis-supply-chain-disruption/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=17 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117171545/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/01/16/red-sea-houthis-supply-chain-disruption/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuwaas oo helay [[Xiisadda Badda Cas|awood ballaaran]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yemen's Houthi rebels seize cargo ship in Red Sea |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/19/yemens-houthi-rebels-seize-cargo-ship-in-red-sea-israel-blames-iran |access-date=23 March 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324024030/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/19/yemens-houthi-rebels-seize-cargo-ship-in-red-sea-israel-blames-iran |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 March 2024 |title=A ship earlier hit by Yemen's Houthi rebels sinks in the Red Sea, the first vessel lost in conflict |url=https://apnews.com/article/yemen-houthi-rebels-rubymar-sinks-red-sea-fb64a490ce935756337ee3606e15d093 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323071241/https://apnews.com/article/yemen-houthi-rebels-rubymar-sinks-red-sea-fb64a490ce935756337ee3606e15d093 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Clinch |first=first=Matt |date=25 March 2022 |title=Yemen's Houthis claim attack on Aramco facility after reports of a huge fire in Saudi city of Jeddah |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/25/reports-of-huge-fire-at-aramco-oil-facility-in-saudi-arabia.html |access-date=23 March 2024 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |language=en |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326083516/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/25/reports-of-huge-fire-at-aramco-oil-facility-in-saudi-arabia.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iran waxay saamayn weyn ku leedahay Afgaanistaan iyada oo loo marayo kooxaha maleeshiyada ah sida [[Liwa Fatemiyoun|Qaybta Fatemiyoun]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 February 2018 |title=Mission Accomplished? What's Next for Iran's Afghan Fighters in Syria |url=https://warontherocks.com/2018/02/mission-accomplished-whats-next-irans-afghan-fighters-syria/ |access-date=25 March 2024 |website=War on the Rocks |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514235532/https://warontherocks.com/2018/02/mission-accomplished-whats-next-irans-afghan-fighters-syria/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=Iran's Tricky Balancing Act in Afghanistan |url=https://warontherocks.com/2021/07/irans-tricky-balancing-act-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=25 March 2024 |website=War on the Rocks |language=en-US |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322050754/https://warontherocks.com/2021/07/irans-tricky-balancing-act-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo [[Xisbullah Afgaanistaan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author1=Ari Heistein |author2=James West |date=20 November 2015 |title=Syria's Other Foreign Fighters: Iran's Afghan and Pakistani Mercenaries |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/syrias-other-foreign-fighters-irans-afghan-pakistani-14400 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=National Interest}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;aijac&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Oved Lobel |date=16 November 2018 |title=Afghanistan: The Forgotten Front Against Iran |url=https://aijac.org.au/fresh-air/afghanistan-the-forgotten-front-against-iran/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=aijac.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo sidoo kale Pakistan iyada oo loo marayo kooxaha maleeshiyada ah sida [[Liwa Zainabiyoun|Guutada Zainabiyoun]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2016 |title=Meet the Zainebiyoun Brigade: An Iranian Backed Pakistani Shia Militia Fighting in Syria – The OSINT Blog |work=The OSINT Blog |url=https://theosintblog.com/2016/04/28/meet-the-zainebiyoun-brigade-an-iranian-backed-pakistani-shia-militia-fighting-in-syria/ |access-date=25 March 2024 |archive-date=2 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502213753/https://theosintblog.com/2016/04/28/meet-the-zainebiyoun-brigade-an-iranian-backed-pakistani-shia-militia-fighting-in-syria/ |url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo [[Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pakistantoday.com.pk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title='200 Iranian-trained Sipah-e-Muhammad activists hunting down ASWJ workers' |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/05/26/%E2%80%98200-iranian-trained-sipah-e-muhammad-activists-hunting-down-aswj-workers%E2%80%99/ |access-date=2018-07-26 |website=www.pakistantoday.com.pk |language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726135021/https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/05/26/%E2%80%98200-iranian-trained-sipah-e-muhammad-activists-hunting-down-aswj-workers%E2%80%99/|archive-date=2018-07-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Suuriya dhexdeeda, Iran waxay taageertay Madaxweyne [[Bashar al-Assad]];&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Terrill |first=W. Andrew |year=2015 |title=Iran's Strategy for Saving Asad |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-east-journal_spring-2015_69_2/page/222 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=222–236 |doi=10.3751/69.2.1 |jstor=43698235}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 July 2012 |title=Iran's Evolving Policy on Syria |url=https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2012/jul/30/iran%E2%80%99s-evolving-policy-syria |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=[[United States Institute of Peace]] |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2012/jul/30/iran%E2%80%99s-evolving-policy-syria}}&lt;/ref&gt; labada waddan waxay ahaayeen xulafo muddo dheer soo jiray.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Samii |first=Abbas William |year=2008 |title=A Stable Structure on Shifting Sands: Assessing the Hizbullah-Iran-Syria Relationship |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-east-journal_winter-2008_62_1/page/32 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=32–53 |doi=10.3751/62.1.12 |jstor=25482471}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Institute for the Study of War&quot;/&gt; Iran waxay taageero millatari iyo dhaqaale oo weyn siisay dawladda Assad,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 December 2023 |title=Why is Iran Involved in Syria: A Look at Multifaceted Reasons |work=Best Diplomats &amp;#124; New York |url=https://bestdiplomats.org/why-is-iran-involved-in-syria/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://bestdiplomats.org/why-is-iran-involved-in-syria/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iran Update, September 20, 2023 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-update-september-20-2023 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Critical Threats |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174232/https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-update-september-20-2023 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; sidaas darteed waxay saldhig weyn ku lahayd Suuriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=After 7 years of war, Assad has won in Syria. What's next for Washington? |url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/after-7-years-of-war-assad-has-won-in-syria-whats-next-for-washington/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Brookings |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://www.brookings.edu/articles/after-7-years-of-war-assad-has-won-in-syria-whats-next-for-washington/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Syria's Stalemate Has Only Benefitted Assad and His Backers |url=https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/03/syrias-stalemate-has-only-benefitted-assad-and-his-backers |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=United States Institute of Peace |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318081024/https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/03/syrias-stalemate-has-only-benefitted-assad-and-his-backers}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iran waxay muddo dheer taageertay ururada ku yaala [[Waqooyiga Afrika]] ee dalalka sida [[Aljeeriya]] iyo [[Tunisia]]. Iran waxay soo dhoweysay [[Xamaas]] qayb ahaan si ay gacan uga geysato wiiqidda caannimada [[Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin|Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin]] (PLO).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iran and Hamas beyond the borders of the Middle East |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/iran-and-hamas-beyond-borders-middle-east |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=[[Middle East Institute]] |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://www.mei.edu/publications/iran-and-hamas-beyond-borders-middle-east |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taageerada Iran ee Xamaas waxay si cad u soo baxday sannadihii dambe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Skare |first=Erik |date=18 December 2023 |title=Iran, Hamas, and Islamic Jihad: A marriage of convenience |url=https://ecfr.eu/article/iran-hamas-and-islamic-jihad-a-marriage-of-convenience/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=ECFR |language=en-GB |archive-date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116122514/https://ecfr.eu/article/iran-hamas-and-islamic-jihad-a-marriage-of-convenience/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Hamas-Iran Relationship {{!}} The Washington Institute |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-iran-relationship |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-iran-relationship |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hamas And Israel: Iran's Role |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hamas-and-israel-irans-role |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |date=10 October 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hamas-and-israel-irans-role |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |author=Jake Tapper |author2=Katie Bo Lillis |date=14 November 2023 |title=Found document suggests Iran sought to help Hamas make its own weapons ahead of attack, sources say |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/14/politics/document-iran-hamas-weapons/index.html |access-date=30 January 2024 |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/14/politics/document-iran-hamas-weapons/index.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida laga soo xigtay sirdoonka Mareykanka, Iran si buuxda uma maamusho kooxahan dawliga ah iyo kuwa aan dawliga ahayn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 January 2024 |title=US intelligence officials estimate Tehran does not have full control of its proxy groups |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/01/iran-proxies-intel-houthis-00139099 |website=Politico |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329202849/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/01/iran-proxies-intel-houthis-00139099 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Xuquuqda aadanaha iyo faafreebka ===
{{Main|Xuquuqda aadanaha ee Iran|Faafreebka Iran}}

{{See also|Ciqaabta dilka ee Iran|Cadaadiska siyaasadeed ee Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iran}}
[[File:EvinHouseofDetention.jpg|thumb|Albaabka laga galo [[Xabsiga Evin]], oo la aasaasay 1972. [[Vice Media|VICE]] waxay ku tilmaantay xabsiga &quot;meesha argagaxa leh ee halyeeyga ah oo qofna uusan rabin inuu ku dambeyno.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voA0cS1JiGQ |title=VICE Guide to Iran with Suroosh Alvi |date=15 April 2020 |last=VICE |access-date=17 May 2024 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;|225x225px]]
Dawladda Iran ayaa lagu cambaareeyay ururo caalami ah iyo dawlado kala duwan inay ku xad-gudubto xuquuqda aadanaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=30 January 2019 |title=Iran |url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/iran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430053909/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/iran |archive-date=30 April 2019 |access-date=30 April 2019 |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dawladdu waxay inta badan dhibaataysay oo xirtay dadka dhaleeceeya dawladda. Sharciga Iran ma aqoonsana [[Xuquuqda LGBT ee Iran|jihada galmada]]. [[Xuquuqda LGBT ee Iran|Dhaqdhaqaaqa galmada ee u dhexeeya xubnaha isku jinsiga ah]] waa sharci darro waana [[Ciqaabta dilka ee khaniisnimada|lagu ciqaabaa dil]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Avery |title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal |url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974 |work=Newsweek |date=4 April 2019 |access-date=17 August 2019 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran defends execution of gay people |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-defends-execution-of-gay-people/a-49144899 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=12 June 2019 |access-date=17 August 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109074057/https://www.dw.com/en/iran-defends-execution-of-gay-people/a-49144899 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ciqaabta dilka]] waa ciqaab sharci ah, marka loo eego BBC-da, Iran &quot;waxay fulisaa dilal ka badan waddan kasta, marka laga reebo Shiinaha&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran halts execution of three protesters after online campaign |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53463685 |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=17 May 2024 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907110937/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53463685 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ergeyga Gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay [[Javaid Rehman]] ayaa soo sheegay takoor ka dhan ah dhowr qowmiyadood oo laga tiro badan yahay oo Iran jooga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 October 2019 |title=Iran: UN expert says ethnic, religious minorities face discrimination |work=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] |location=New York |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2019/10/iran-un-expert-says-ethnic-religious-minorities-face-discrimination |access-date=12 December 2023 |archive-date=12 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212074243/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2019/10/iran-un-expert-says-ethnic-religious-minorities-face-discrimination |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koox khubaro ah oo ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay sanadkii 2022 ayaa ku boriyay Iran inay joojiso &quot;cadaadiska nidaamsan&quot; ee ka dhanka ah diimaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyagoo raaciyay in xubno ka tirsan [[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]] la xiray, laga mamnuucay jaamacadaha, ama guryahooda la dumiyay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=Rights experts urge Iran to end 'systematic persecution' of religious minorities |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/08/1125162 |access-date=12 December 2023 |website=[[UN News]] |language=en |archive-date=12 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212074243/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/08/1125162 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=UN Rights Experts Call On Iran To Stop Persecution Of Baha'is, Other Religious Minorities |language=en |work=[[RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty]] |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-bahai-faith-persecution-un-rights-religious-minorities/31999696.html |access-date=12 December 2023 |archive-date=12 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212074243/https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-bahai-faith-persecution-un-rights-religious-minorities/31999696.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2024, baaritaan uu sameeyay Ergeyga Gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in Iran ay gashay [[xasuuq]] ka dhan ah dadka siyaasadda iyo diimaha laga tirada badan yahay intii uu socday [[Xasuuqii Iran ee 1981–1982|xasuuqyadii 1981–1982]] iyo [[Toogashadii 1988 ee maxaabiista siyaasadeed ee Iran|dilalkii wadajirka ahaa ee 1988]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ShahinClerical&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nasiri |first1=Shahin |title=Clerical Sovereignty and its Absolute Others: Religious Genocide in Iran |journal=[[Journal of Genocide Research]] |date=25 September 2025 |volume=28 |pages=1–25 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14623528.2025.2566533#abstract |access-date=24 October 2025 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |issn=1462-3528}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Faafreebka waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu daran adduunka oo dhan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iran |url=https://rsf.org/en/iran |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119053026/https://rsf.org/en/iran |archive-date=19 January 2018 |access-date=9 September 2017 |website=Reporters Without Borders}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 April 2016 |title=The World Press Freedom Index |url=https://rsf.org/en/world-press-freedom-index |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419141729/https://rsf.org/en/world-press-freedom-index |archive-date=19 April 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=[[Wariyayaasha aan Xuduudda Lahayn]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 January 2019 |title=Freedom in the World 2019, Iran |url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/iran |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430053909/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/iran |archive-date=30 April 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=Freedom House}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iran waxay leedahay [[Faafreebka internetka ee Iran|faafreeb internet oo adag]], iyadoo dawladdu ay si joogto ah u xannibto baraha bulshada iyo baraha kale.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Chloe |date=21 November 2019 |title=Iran's internet blackout enters fifth day as government claims victory over protesters |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/21/irans-internet-blackout-enters-fifth-day-amid-fuel-price-protests.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122155819/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/21/irans-internet-blackout-enters-fifth-day-amid-fuel-price-protests.html |archive-date=22 November 2019 |access-date=24 November 2019 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mihalcik |first=Carrie |title=Iran's internet has been shut down for days amid protests |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/irans-internet-has-been-shut-down-for-days-amid-protests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126051521/https://www.cnet.com/news/irans-internet-has-been-shut-down-for-days-amid-protests/ |archive-date=26 November 2019 |access-date=24 November 2019 |publisher=[[CNET]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TechCrunch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 November 2019 |title=Iran shuts down country's internet in the wake of fuel protests |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/11/17/iran-shuts-down-countrys-internet-in-the-wake-of-fuel-protests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125171635/https://techcrunch.com/2019/11/17/iran-shuts-down-countrys-internet-in-the-wake-of-fuel-protests/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laga soo bilaabo Janaayo 2021, mas'uuliyiintu waxay xannibeen dhowr barood oo baraha bulshada ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=MacLellan |first1=Stephanie |date=9 January 2018 |title=What You Need to Know about Internet Censorship in Iran |url=https://www.cigionline.org/articles/what-you-need-know-about-internet-censorship-iran |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124164741/https://www.cigionline.org/articles/what-you-need-know-about-internet-censorship-iran |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=11 November 2020 |website=Centre for International Governance Innovation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Natiijooyinkii doorashada 2006 ayaa si weyn loogu muransanaa, taas oo keentay [[Mudaharaadyadii doorashada madaxweynaha ee Iran ee 2009|mudaharaadyo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Landry |first=Carole |date=25 June 2009 |title=G8 calls on Iran to halt election violence |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSWPwBGmOByDmvG6OPfqesxJ2O7Q |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312135716/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSWPwBGmOByDmvG6OPfqesxJ2O7Q |archive-date=12 March 2011 |access-date=18 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Tait |first1=Robert |last2=Black |first2=Ian |last3=Tran |first3=Mark |date=17 June 2009 |title=Iran protests: Fifth day of unrest as regime cracks down on critics |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/17/iran-protests-day-five |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221142529/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/17/iran-protests-day-five |archive-date=21 December 2016 |access-date=14 December 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=5 July 2009 |title=Iran clerics defy election ruling |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8134904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010065919/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8134904.stm |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=18 June 2011 |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=7 September 2009 |title=Is this government legitimate? |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/07/090704_op_brief_majma_qom.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409060631/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/07/090704_op_brief_majma_qom.shtml |archive-date=9 April 2015 |access-date=18 June 2011 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mudaharaadyadii Iran ee 2017–18]] ayaa ku baahay dalka oo dhan iyadoo looga jawaabayay xaaladda dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=4 August 2018 |title=Protests Pop Up Across Iran, Fueled by Daily Dissatisfaction |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/04/world/middleeast/iran-protests.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023212544/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/04/world/middleeast/iran-protests.html |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=5 August 2022 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa si rasmi ah loo xaqiijiyay in kumanaan mudaaharaadayaal ah la xiray.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 January 2019 |title=Iran arrested 7,000 in crackdown on dissent during 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46984649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528144810/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46984649 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=5 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mudaharaadyadii Iran ee 2019–20]] waxay ka bilaabmeen 15kii Noofambar magaalada [[Ahvaz]], waxayna ku baaheen dalka oo dhan ka dib markii ay dawladdu ku dhawaaqday kor u kac qiimaha shidaalka ah oo gaaraya ilaa 300%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=17 November 2019 |title=In Pictures: Iranians protest against the increase in fuel prices |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/pictures-iranians-protest-increase-fuel-prices-191117091345643.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119060103/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/pictures-iranians-protest-increase-fuel-prices-191117091345643.html |archive-date=19 November 2019 |access-date=19 November 2019 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Xiritaanka Internetka ee Iran ee 2019|Internetka oo la damiyay muddo toddobaad ah]] ayaa calaamadeeyay mid ka mid ah xiritaankii ugu darraa ee internetka ee waddan kasta, iyo cadaadiskii dawladeed ee ugu dhiigga badnaa ee mudaaharaadayaasha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Shutdown |first=Iran Internet |title=A web of impunity: The killings Iran's internet shutdown hid |url=https://iran-shutdown.amnesty.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110235750/https://iran-shutdown.amnesty.org/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tobanaan kun ayaa la xiray boqolaalna waa la dilay dhowr maalmood gudahood sida ay sheegeen goobjoogayaal caalami ah oo dhowr ah, oo ay ku jirto [[Amnesty International]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Special Report: Iran's leader ordered crackdown on unrest – 'Do whatever it takes to end it' |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-protests-specialreport/special-report-irans-leader-ordered-crackdown-on-unrest-do-whatever-it-takes-to-end-it-idUSKBN1YR0QR |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223095916/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-protests-specialreport/special-report-irans-leader-ordered-crackdown-on-unrest-do-whatever-it-takes-to-end-it-idUSKBN1YR0QR |archive-date=23 December 2019 |access-date=23 December 2019 |work=[[Reuters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752]] wuxuu ahaa duulimaad caalami ah oo rakaab rayid ah oo ka yimid Tehran kuna socday [[Kyiv]], oo ay maamusho [[Ukraine International Airlines]]. 8-dii Janaayo 2020, Boeing 737–800 oo duulaysay marinkaas ayaa waxaa soo riday IRGC waxyar ka dib markii ay kacday, iyadoo dishay dhammaan 176-dii qof ee saarnaa taasna waxay keentay [[Mudaharaadyadii Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752|mudaaharaadyo]]. Baaritaan caalami ah ayaa horseeday in dawladdu ay qirato soo ridista, iyadoo ugu yeertay &quot;qalad bini'aadam&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=8 January 2020 |title=Ukrainian airplane with 180 aboard crashes in Iran: Fars |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-crash/ukrainian-airplane-with-180-aboard-crashes-in-iran-fars-idUSKBN1Z70EL |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108035747/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-crash/ukrainian-airplane-with-180-aboard-crashes-in-iran-fars-idUSKBN1Z70EL |archive-date=8 January 2020 |access-date=8 January 2020 |work=[[Reuters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=11 January 2020 |title=Demands for justice after Iran's plane admission |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51077788 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112185600/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51077788 |archive-date=12 January 2020 |access-date=11 January 2020 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mudaharaadyadii Mahsa Amini|Mudaharaadyo kale oo looga soo horjeedo dawladda]] ayaa bilowday 16-kii Sebtembar 2022 ka dib markii haweeney lagu magacaabo [[Dhimashadii Mahsa Amini|Mahsa Amini ay ku dhimatay gacanta booliiska]] ka dib markii ay xireen [[Guidance Patrol]], oo loo yaqaan &quot;booliiska asluubta&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Who are Iran's 'morality police'? – DW – 12/04/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-irans-morality-police/a-63200711 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023065624/https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-irans-morality-police/a-63200711 |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=23 October 2023 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 September 2022 |title=Protests flare across Iran in violent unrest over woman's death |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/tehran-governor-accuses-protesters-attacks-least-22-arrested-2022-09-20/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927195508/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/tehran-governor-accuses-protesters-attacks-least-22-arrested-2022-09-20/ |archive-date=27 September 2022 |access-date=23 September 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Leonhardt |first1=David |date=26 September 2022 |title=Iran's Ferocious Dissent |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/26/briefing/iran-protests-mahsa-amini.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927061245/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/26/briefing/iran-protests-mahsa-amini.html |archive-date=27 September 2022 |access-date=27 September 2022 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=16 September 2022 |title=Iranian woman dies 'after being beaten by morality police' over hijab law |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/sep/16/iranian-woman-dies-after-being-beaten-by-morality-police-over-hijab-law |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920020636/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/sep/16/iranian-woman-dies-after-being-beaten-by-morality-police-over-hijab-law |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=22 September 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cadaadiskii dawladdu ay saartay mudaaharaadyada ayaa Qaramada Midoobay ay ku tilmaantay [[danbi ka dhan ah bini'aadantinimada]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 March 2024 |title=Iran committed crimes against humanity during protest crackdown, UN says |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/8/iran-committed-crimes-against-humanity-during-protest-crackdown-un-says |access-date=6 September 2025 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dhaqaalaha ==
{{Main|Dhaqaalaha Iran}}

{{See also|Kaalmooyinka Iran|Bangiyada iyo caymiska ee Iran}}
Laga bilaabo {{As of|2024}}, Iran waxay leedahay dhaqaalaha [[Liiska wadamada marka loo eego GDP (PPP)|19-aad ee ugu weyn adduunka marka loo eego GDP-ga lagu hagaajiyay PPP]]. Waa [[Dhaqaale isku dhafan|isku dhafka]] [[Dhaqaalaha qorshaysan|qorshaynta dhexe]], [[lahaanshaha dawladda]] ee saliidda iyo shirkadaha kale ee waaweyn, beeraha tuulooyinka, iyo ganacsiga gaarka ah ee yar-yar iyo mashaariicda adeegga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.traveldocs.com/ir/economy.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192955/http://www.traveldocs.com/ir/economy.htm |archive-date=8 June 2011 |title=Iran economy |access-date=18 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adeegyadu waxay ku darsadaan boqolkiiba ugu weyn ee GDP-ga, waxaa ku xiga warshadaha ([[Macdanta Iran|macdanta]] iyo wax soo saarka) iyo [[Beeraha Iran|beeraha]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay12.pdf ''Iran Investment Monthly''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay12.pdf |date=20131031023806 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031023806/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay12.pdf |date=31 October 2013 }}. Turquoise Partners (April 2012). Retrieved 24 July 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Dhaqaalaha waxaa lagu gartaa waaxda hydrocarbon-ka, wax soo saarka iyo adeegyada maaliyadda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iran/overview |access-date=24 December 2023 |publisher=World Bank |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704155746/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iran/overview |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyadoo leh 10% [[Kaydka saliidda ee Iran|kaydka saliidda]] adduunka iyo 15% [[Kaydka Gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Iran|kaydka gaaska]], Iran waa [[quwad weyn oo dhinaca tamarta ah]]. In ka badan [[Warshadaha Iran|40 warshadood]] ayaa si toos ah ugu lug leh [[Sarrifka saamiyada ee Tehran]].

[[File:Tehran Stock Exchange 3513534.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|[[Sarrifka saamiyada ee Tehran]]]]
Tehran waa xarunta xoogga dhaqaale ee Iran.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Tehran (Iran): People – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585619/Tehran/276311/Economy |access-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123001337/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585619/Tehran/276311/Economy |archive-date=23 November 2012 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qiyaastii 30% shaqaalaha waaxda guud ee Iran iyo 45% shirkadaheeda warshadaha ee waaweyn waxay ku yaallaan halkaas, kala bar shaqaalaha shirkadahaasna waxay u shaqeeyaan dawladda.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Cordesman, Anthony H. |date=23 September 2008 |title=The US, Israel, the Arab States and a Nuclear Iran. Part One: Iranian Nuclear Programs |url=http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/081006_iran_nuclear.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806042511/http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/081006_iran_nuclear.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2010 |access-date=25 September 2010 |work=Center for Strategic and International Studies}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bangiga Dhexe ee Iran]] ayaa ka mas'uul ah horumarinta iyo ilaalinta lacagta: [[Rial-ka Iran]]. Dawladdu ma aqoonsana [[Liiska ururada shaqaalaha ee Iran|ururada shaqaalaha]] marka laga reebo golayaasha shaqaalaha ee Islaamiga ah, kuwaas oo ku xiran ogolaanshaha loo shaqeeyayaasha iyo adeegyada amniga.&lt;ref name=&quot;ayatoil&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran's banned trade unions: Aya-toiling |url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21576408-though-watched-and-muzzled-independent-labour-unions-are-stirring-aya-toiling |access-date=23 June 2013 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=20 April 2013 |archive-date=23 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623080810/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21576408-though-watched-and-muzzled-independent-labour-unions-are-stirring-aya-toiling |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iran waxay ahayd dalkii ugu horeeyay ee soo bandhiga [[Dakhliga aasaasiga ah ee caalamiga ah|dakhliga aasaasiga ah ee qaranka]] deyrta 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=23 June 2011 |title=Iran's bold economic reform: Economic jihad |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2011/06/23/economic-jihad |newspaper=The Economist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shaqo la'aantu waxay ahayd 9% sanadkii 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/iran/unemployment-rate |title=Iran Unemployment Rate |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108141105/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/iran/unemployment-rate |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Siyaasadda Iran#Miisaaniyadda|Dhimista miisaaniyadda]] waxay ahayd dhibaato raagto, badanaa waxaa ugu wacan [[Kaalmooyinka Iran|kaalmooyinka dawladeed ee waaweyn]], oo ay ku jiraan agabka cuntada iyo gaar ahaan shidaalka, oo wadartoodu gaartay $100 bilyan sanadkii 2022 tamarta oo kaliya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202205093109 |title=Senior Official Says Iran Paying $100 Billion In Energy Subsidies |website=Iran International |date=9 May 2022 |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604142038/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202205093109 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/07/jan/1295.html |title=Ahmadinejad's Achilles Heel: The Iranian Economy |website= |access-date=18 June 2011 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010061417/http://www.payvand.com/news/07/jan/1295.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 2010, qorshaha dib-u-habaynta dhaqaalaha wuxuu ahaa in la yareeyo kaalmooyinka si tartiib-tartiib ah laguna beddelo gargaar bulsho oo bartilmaameed ah. Ujeeddadu waa in loo guuro xaggii qiimaha suuqa xorta ah iyo in la kordhiyo wax soo saarka iyo cadaaladda bulshada.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://go.worldbank.org/KQD2RP3RX0 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20110210062245/http://go.worldbank.org/KQD2RP3RX0 |archive-date=10 February 2011 |title=Iran – Country Brief |access-date=30 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maamulku wuxuu sii wadaa dib-u-habaynta, wuxuuna tilmaamayaa inuu kala duwanayn doono dhaqaalaha saliidda ku tiirsan. Iran waxay horumarisay [[Bioteknoolajiyadda Iran|bioteknoolajiyadda]], [[Nanotechnoolajiyadda Iran|nanotechnoolajiyadda]], iyo warshadaha [[Daawooyinka Iran|daawooyinka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nanovip.com/nanotechnology-companies/iran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114070827/http://www.nanovip.com/nanotechnology-companies/iran |archive-date=14 November 2006 |title=List of Iranian Nanotechnology companies |access-date=21 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dawladdu waxay [[Gaar u lahaanshaha Iran|gaar u leedahay warshadaha]].

Iran waxay leedahay warshado wax soo saar oo hormuud u ah samaynta baabuurta, gaadiidka, agabka dhismaha, qalabka guryaha, cuntada iyo agabka beeraha, hubka, daawooyinka, tignoolajiyada macluumaadka, iyo petrochemicals ee Bariga Dhexe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Economy&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk/ukti/appmanager/ukti/countries?_nfls=false&amp;_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=CountryType1&amp;navigationPageId=/iran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213220829/https://www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk/ukti/appmanager/ukti/countries?_nfls=false&amp;_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=CountryType1&amp;navigationPageId=%2Firan |archive-date=13 February 2006 |title=UK Trade &amp; Investment |date=13 February 2006 |access-date=21 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ka mid tahay shanta soo saara ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ee [[apricot]]-ka, [[cherry|jeeriga]], [[qajaarka]], [[timirta]], [[bergamot|fiigga]], [[pistachio]]-ga, [[walnut]]-ka, [[Kiwifruit]]-ka iyo [[qaraha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL |title=FAOSTAT |website=FAO |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=12 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112130804/https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Cunaqabataynta caalamiga ah ee ka dhanka ah Iran]] ayaa waxyeelo u geysatay dhaqaalaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;everend&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran and sanctions: When will it ever end? |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2012/08/18/when-will-it-ever-end |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=23 June 2013 |date=18 August 2012 |archive-date=30 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530021803/http://www.economist.com/node/21560596 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iran waa mid ka mid ah saddex waddan oo aan weli ansixin [[Heshiiska Paris]] si loo xaddido [[Isbeddelka cimilada ee Bariga Dhexe iyo Waqooyiga Afrika|isbeddelka cimilada]], inkastoo aqoonyahanadu ay sheegaan inay u wanaagsan tahay dalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Larch |first1=Mario |last2=Wanner |first2=Joschka |title=The consequences of non-participation in the Paris Agreement |journal=European Economic Review |date=April 2024 |volume=163 |article-number=104699 |doi=10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104699 |hdl=10419/302105 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
      <sha1>q45zc68hgq0zqirzmx3tmiznwosup5m</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Marooko</title>
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      <text bytes="31759" sha1="bi4hbnhcq2bypxxk95p8tu0crsmjryh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Boqortooyada Marooko
| common_name            = Marooko
| native_name            = {{ubl|{{native name|ar|المملكة المغربية|italic=no}}|{{resize|80%|{{transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah}}}}|{{native name|ber|ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|italic=no|paren=omit}} ([[Standard Moroccan Amazigh|Tamazight]])|{{resize|80%|{{transliteration|zgh|Tageldit n Lmeɣrib}}}}}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Morocco.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Morocco.svg
| national_motto         = {{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|ٱللَّٰه، ٱلْوَطَن، ٱلْمَلِك&amp;nbsp;}}|italics=off|nolink=on|paren=omit}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Allāh, al-Waṭan, al-Malik&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Illaah, Dalka, Boqorka&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Constitution of Morocco |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006043401/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011 |archive-date=6 October 2022 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=ConstituteProject.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| national_anthem        = {{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|ٱلنَّشِيْد ٱلْوَطَنِي&amp;nbsp;}}|italics=off|nolink=on|paren=omit}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;an-Našīd al-Waṭanīy&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;[[Cherifian Anthem|Heesta Shariifka]]&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;{{center|[[File:National Anthem of Morocco.ogg]]}}&lt;/div&gt;
| image_map              = Morocco (orthographic projection, WS claimed).svg
| map_width              = 250px
| map_caption            = Goobta ay Marooko ku taal waqooyi-galbeed [[Afrika]]
{{legend|darkgreen|Dhulka rasmiga ah ee Marooko}}
{{legend|limegreen|[[Saxarada Galbeed]], oo ah [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories|dhul]] la sheegtay qayb ahaanna [[Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara|ay haysato Marooko]]}}
| capital                = [[Rabat]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|34|02|N|6|51|W|type:city(580,000)_region:MA-RAB}}
| largest_city           = [[Casablanca]]&lt;br /&gt;{{coord|33|32|N|7|35|W|type:city(3,710,000)_region:MA-CAS|display=inline}}
| official_languages     = {{hlist |[[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]|[[Standard Moroccan Tamazight|Tamazight]]}}
| languages_type         = [[Languages of Morocco|Luqadaha laguda hadlo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{nobold|(2024)&lt;ref name=&quot;RGPH 2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gauthier |first=Christophe |title=كلمة افتتاحية للسيد المندوب السامي للتخطيط بمناسبة الندوة الصحفية الخاصة بتقديم معطيات الإحصاء العام للسكان والسكنى 2024 |url=https://www.hcp.ma/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A9_a4025.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=hcp.ma |publisher=Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| languages              = {{Tree list}}
* 92.7% [[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]
** 91.9% [[Moroccan Arabic|Carabida Marooko]]
** 0.8% [[Hassaniya Arabic|Carabida Xasaaniya]]
* 24.8% [[Berber languages|Luqadaha Berberiga]]
** 14.2% [[Shilha language|Tashelhit]]
** 7.4% [[Central Atlas Tamazight|Tamazight]]
** 3.2% [[Tarifit]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| languages2_type        = Luqadaha qalaad
| languages2             = {{hlist|[[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]{{efn|[[French language in Morocco|Luqadda Faransiiska ee Marooko]] waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa dukumentiyada rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo bulshada ganacsiga, in kasta oo aysan lahayn xaalad rasmi ah: &quot;Faransiis (inta badan luqadda ganacsiga, dawladda, iyo dibloomaasiyadda)...&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=12 January 2022 |title=Morocco |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/morocco/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202191738/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/morocco/ |archive-date=2 December 2022 |access-date=23 January 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |place=US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;diplomatie.gouv.fr&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Présentation du Maroc |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/maroc/presentation-du-maroc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207193614/https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/maroc/presentation-du-maroc/ |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=20 December 2020 |website=diplomatie.gouv.fr |publisher=Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]|[[Af-Isbaanish|Isbaanish]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hyde |first1=Martin |date=October 1994 |title=The teaching of English in Morocco: the place of culture |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_elt-journal_1994-10_48_4/page/295 |journal=ELT Journal |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=295–305 |doi=10.1093/elt/48.4.295 |issn=0951-0893}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| ethnic_groups          = Eeg [[#Ethnic groups|Qowmiyadaha]]
| religion               = {{Tree list}}
* 99.68% [[Islam in Morocco|Islaam]] ([[State religion|rasmi ah]])
** 99.23% [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
** 0.45% [[Shia Islam|Shiico]]
* 0.3% [[Religion in Morocco|kuwa kale]]
** 0.13% [[Agnosticism|cilmi-la'aanayaal]]
** 0.10% [[Baháʼí Faith in Morocco|Bahá'í]]
** 0.09% [[Christianity in Morocco|Masiixiyiin]]
** 0.01% [[Moroccan Jews|Yuhuud]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Regional Profiles: Morocco |url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=155c&amp;u=23r |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905001136/https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=155c&amp;u=23r |archive-date=5 September 2022 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=thearda.com |publisher=World Religion Database, The Association of Religion Data Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym                = [[Moroccans|Marookaan]]
| government_type        = Boqortooyo dastuuri ah oo isku darsan oo baarlamaan hal deegaan ah&lt;ref name=&quot;Const1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011 |title=Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco |publisher=William S. Hein &amp; Co. |year=2012 |location=Getzville |language=en |translator=Jefri J. Ruchti |access-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006043401/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011 |archive-date=6 October 2022 |url-status=live}} Markii ugu horreysay ee lagu daabacay Warsidaha Rasmiga ah 30 Luulyo 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1          = [[King of Morocco|Boqorka]]
| leader_name1           = [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Maxamed VI]]
| leader_title2          = [[Prime Minister of Morocco|Raysal Wasaaraha]]
| leader_name2           = [[Aziz Akhannouch]]
| legislature            = [[Parliament of Morocco|Baarlamaanka]]
| upper_house            = [[House of Councillors (Morocco)|Golaha La-tashatayaasha]]
| lower_house            = [[House of Representatives (Morocco)|Golaha Wakiillada]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[History of Morocco|Aasaaska]]
| established_event1     = [[Idrisid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Idirisiyada]]
| established_date1      = 788
| established_event2     = [[Almoravid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Almofaraad]]
| established_date2      = 1040
| established_event3     = [[Almohad Caliphate|Khaliifadii Almohad]]
| established_date3      = 1121
| established_event4     = [[Marinid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Mariniyiinta]]
| established_date4      = 1244
| established_event5     = [[Wattasid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Watasiyiinta]]
| established_date5      = 1472
| established_event6     = [[Saadi Sultanate|Boqortooyadii Saacadiyiinta]]
| established_date6      = 1510
| established_event7     = [[Alawi dynasty|Boqortooyadii Calawiyiinta]] (boqortooyada hadda jirta)
| established_date7      = 1631
| established_event8     = [[Treaty of Fez|Heshiiskii Fez]]
| established_date8      = 30 Maarso 1912
| established_event9    = [[Revolution of the King and the People|Dhamaadkii maxmiyadda]]
| established_date9     = 2 Maarso 1956&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ce jour-là : le 18 novembre 1955 à Rabat, Mohammed V annonce la fin du protectorat français sur le Maroc |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/374370/politique/jour-18-novembre-1955-a-rabat-roi-mohammed-v-annonce-fin-protectorat-francais-maroc/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_event11    = Dastuurka hadda jira
| established_date11     = 29 Luulyo 2011
| area_km2               = 446,550
| area_footnote          = {{efn|Bedka dhan {{convert|446,300|km2|abbr=on}} kama mid aha dhulalka lagu muransan yahay, halka {{convert|716550|km2|abbr=on}} ay ku jiraan dhulalka ay Marooko sheegato ee ay qayb ahaanna maamusho ee [[Saxarada Galbeed]] (oo ay u sheegato sidii [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] jabhadda [[Polisario Front]]). Marooko waxay sidoo kale sheegataa [[Ceuta]] iyo [[Melilla]], kuwaas oo ka dhigan qiyaastii {{convert|22.8|km2|abbr=on}} oo dhul dheeri ah oo la sheegtay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Trinidad |first=Jamie |date=2012 |title=An Evaluation of Morocco's Claims to Spain's Remaining Territories in Africa |journal=[[The International and Comparative Law Quarterly]] |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=961–975 |doi=10.1017/S0020589312000371 |issn=0020-5893 |jstor=23279813}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| area_rank              = 57aad
| area_sq_mi             = 172,317
| percent_water          = 0.056 (250 km{{sup|2}})
| population_census      = 36,828,330&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=22 November 2024 |title=Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat (RGPH 2024) |url=https://www.hcp.ma/Population-legale-du-Royaume-du-Maroc-repartie-par-regions-provinces-et-prefectures-et-communes-selon-les-resultats-du_a3974.html |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=hcp.ma |publisher=Haut Commissariat au Plan |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_rank = 38aad
| population_census_year = 2024
| population_density_km2 = 79.0
| population_density_sq_mi = 189.3
| population_density_rank = 
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $424.870 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database-2025&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2025
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 57aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $11,270&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database-2025&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 122aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $165.840 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database-2025&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2025
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 58aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $4,440&lt;ref name=&quot;World Economic Outlook Database-2025&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 123aad
| Gini                   = 40.5
| Gini_year              = 2022
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inégalité sociale {{!}} Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc |url=https://www.hcp.ma/Inegalite-sociale_r508.html |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=www.hcp.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.710
| HDI_year               = 2023
| HDI_change             = kordhay
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |website=undp.org |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 120aad
| currency               = [[Moroccan dirham|Dirhamka Marooko]]
| currency_code          = MAD
| time_zone              = 
| utc_offset             = +0
| time_zone_DST          = 
| utc_offset_DST         = +1
| calling_code           = [[Telephone numbers in Morocco|+212]]
| cctld                  = {{ublist |[[.ma]] |{{lang|ar|[[Internationalized country code top-level domain|.المغرب]]}}
| population_rank        =
| today                  =
}}
| religion_year          = 2020
}}

'''Marooko''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Morocco.ogg|m|ə|ˈ|r|ɒ|k|oʊ}}&lt;br /&gt;{{bulleted list|{{langx|ar|المغرب|engvar=gb|al-Maghrib|halka ay qorraxdu u dhacdo; galbeedka}} {{IPA|ar|ælˈmaɣrɪb||Pronunciation of Morocco in Arabic.ogg}}||{{langx|zgh|engvar=gb|links=no|ⵍ幕ⵖⵔⵉⴱ|Lmeɣrib}}|{{langx|fr|Maroc}}, {{IPA|fr|maʁɔk|IPA}}}}}} si rasmi ahna loo yaqaanno '''Boqortooyada Marooko''',{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|ar|engvar=gb|links=no|المملكة المغربية|al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah|boqortooyada Galbeed}}|{{langx|zgh|engvar=gb|links=no|ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|Tageldit n Lmeɣrib}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.ircam.ma/sites/default/files/Parutions/documents/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%20%E2%B5%8F%20%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%20%E2%B5%8F%20%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1.pdf |publisher=[[Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-9920-739-39-9 |language=zgh |translator-last=Ladimat |translator-first=Mohammed |script-title=zgh:ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍ幕ⵖⵔⵉⴱ |trans-title=Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco |via=ircam.ma}}&lt;/ref&gt;|{{langx|fr|links=no|Royaume du Maroc}}}}}} waa dal ku yaal gobolka [[Maghreb]] ee [[Waqooyiga Afrika]]. Waxay xeebo ku leedahay [[Bada Dhexe]] dhanka waqooyi iyo [[Badweynta Atlaantikada]] dhanka galbeed, waxayna xuduud dhuleed la leedahay [[Aljeeriya]] dhanka [[Algeria–Morocco border|bari]]; gobollada yaryar ee [[Isbayn|Isbaanishka]] leeyahay ee [[Enclave and exclave|gudaha ku yaal]] ee [[Ceuta]], [[Melilla]] iyo [[Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera]] dhanka [[Morocco–Spain border|waqooyi]], kuwaas oo ay sheegato iyada iyo dhowr jasiiradood oo yaryar oo [[Plazas de soberanía|ay Isbayn maamusho]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |year=2018 |title=Ceuta, Melilla profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14114627 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519055108/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14114627 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |access-date=13 November 2018 |work=bbc.com |publisher=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo dhulka lagu muransan yahay ee [[Saxarada Galbeed]] dhanka [[Morocco–Western Sahara border|koonfureed]], kaas oo ay Marooko qayb ahaan haysatay tan iyo 1975. Marooko waxay sidoo kale sheegataa inay xuduud la wadaagto [[Muritaniya]] iyada oo soo mareysa dhulka lagu muransan yahay ee Saxarada Galbeed. Waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu qiyaastii tahay 37 milyan. Caasimaddeedu waa [[Rabat]], halka magaalada ugu weenna ay tahay [[Casablanca]].

Gobolka ay Marooko ka kooban tahay waxaa la degganaa tan iyo xilligii [[Paleolithic]], in ka badan 300,000 oo sano ka hor. [[Idrisid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Idirisiyada]] waxaa aasaasay [[Idris I of Morocco|Idris I]] sanadkii 788, Marookona waxaa markii dambe xukumay boqortooyooyin kale oo madax-bannaan, iyadoo gaartay meeshii ugu sarreysay ee ay ku lahayd [[regional power|awood gobolka]] qarniyadii 11aad iyo 12aad, xilligii boqortooyooyinkii [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] iyo [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]], labaduba waxay ahaayeen boqortooyooyin Berber ah, markaas oo ay maamuli jireen inta badan [[Iberian Peninsula|Jasiiradda Iberian]] iyo Maghreb. Qarniyadii 15aad iyo 16aad, Marooko waxay la kulantay hanjabaado dibadda ah oo ku aaddan madax-bannaanideeda, iyadoo [[Portuguese Empire|Bortuqiisku]] uu qabsaday dhulal qaar, [[Ottoman Empire|Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyadana]] ay uga timid dhanka bari. Saldanadihii [[Marinid Sultanate|Marinid]] iyo [[Saadi Sultanate|Saadi]] waxay iska caabiyeen xukunkii shisheeye, Marookona waxay ahayd dalka keliya ee Waqooyiga Afrika ee ka badbaaday xukunkii Cusmaaniyiinta. Boqortooyadii Saadi waxay ballaarisay dhulkeeda iyada oo u martay [[Moroccan invasion of the Songhai Empire|qabsashadii]] [[Songhai Empire|Boqortooyadii Songhai]] dhammaadkii qarnigii 16aad. [[Alawi dynasty|Boqortooyadii Calawiyiinta]], oo dalka xukuma ilaa maantadan la joogo, waxay awoodda la wareegeen 1631, labadii qarni ee ku xigayna waxay ballaariyeen xiriirka [[diplomatic|dibloomaasiyadeed]] iyo kan ganacsi ee ay la lahaayeen [[Western world|caalamka reer Galbeedka]]. Goobta istiraatiijiga ah ee Marooko ee u dhow afka Bada Dhexe waxay soo jiidatay xiisaha Yurub markale. Sanadkii 1912, Faransiiska iyo Isbayn waxay dalka ka aasaaseen [[Morocco#French and Spanish protectorates|maxmiyado]] waxayna u magacaabeen [[Tangier]] inay noqoto [[Tangier International Zone|aag caalami ah]], halka Sultan-ku uu ahaa madax-banaanida rasmiga ah ee leh awood xaddidan oo ka hooseysa xukunka gumeysiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Historical Documents - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1950v05/d944 |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=history.state.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dib rabshado goos-goos ah iyo [[Revolution of the King and the People|kacdoono]] looga soo horjeeday xukunkii gumeysiga, Marooko waxay dib u heshay xorriyaddeedii waxayna dib u midoobay 1956 iyadoo uu hoggaaminayo Sultan [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Maxamed V]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-22 |title=Muḥammad V |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad-V-sultan-of-Morocco |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tan iyo xorriyaddii, Marooko waxay ahaan jirtay mid deggeneyd. Waxay leedahay [[List of African countries by GDP (nominal)|dhaqaalaha shanaad ee ugu weyn]] Afrika waxayna saameyn weyn ku leedahay Afrika iyo [[Arab world|caalamka Carabta]] labadaba; waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay tahay [[middle power|awood dhexe]] ee arrimaha caalamka waxayna xubin ka tahay [[Arab League|Jaamacadda Carabta]], [[Arab Maghreb Union|Midowga Maghreb ee Carabta]], [[Union for the Mediterranean|Midowga Midaysan ee Bada Dhexe]], iyo [[African Union|Midowga Afrika]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Balfour |first=Rosa |date=March 2009 |title=The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean |journal=Mediterranean Politics |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=99–105 |doi=10.1080/13629390902747491 |issn=1362-9395 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waa mid ka mid ah dalalka yar ee Afrika ee ku jira meel sare marka loo eego [[Human Development Index|Tusaha Horumarka Aadanaha]] waana dhaqaalaha warshadaha ee ugu horeeysa Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adeyemi |first=Segun |date=2026-05-27 |title=Morocco knocks South Africa off top spot as Africa's leading industrial economy |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/markets/morocco-knocks-south-africa-off-top-spot-as-africas-leading-industrial-economy/72s5yed |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marooko waa [[Unitary state|dawlad midaysan]] oo semi-[[constitutional monarchy|boqortooyo dastuuri ah]] oo leh baarlamaan la doortay. [[Executive (government)|Laanta fulinta]] waxaa hoggaamiya [[King of Morocco|Boqorka Marooko]] iyo [[Prime Minister of Morocco|raysal wasaaraha]], halka [[Legislature|awoodda sharci-dejinta]] ay u xilsaaran tahay labada aqal ee baarlamaanka: [[House of Representatives (Morocco)|Golaha Wakiillada]] iyo [[House of Councillors (Morocco)|Golaha La-tashatayaasha]]. Awoodda garsoorku waxay ku dhex jirtaa Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah, oo dib u eegi karta ansaxnimada sharciyada, doorashooyinka, iyo aftida.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Morocco: Remove Obstacles to Access to the Constitutional Court |url=https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Morocco-Access-Const-Ct-Advocacy-Position-paper-2018-ENG.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721222938/https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Morocco-Access-Const-Ct-Advocacy-Position-paper-2018-ENG.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2021 |website=icj.org |publisher=International Commission of Jurists}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boqorku wuxuu leeyahay awoodo fulineed iyo sharci-dejineed oo ballaaran, gaar ahaan [[Royal Moroccan Armed Forces|ciidanka]], siyaasadda dibadda iyo arrimaha diinta; wuxuu soo saari karaa [[Moroccan Dahir|''dahirs'']], kuwaas oo ah wareegtooyin leh awood sharci, wuxuuna sidoo kale kala diri karaa baarlamaanka ka dib marka uu la tashado [[List of heads of government of Morocco|raysal wasaaraha]] iyo guddoomiyaha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah. Marooko waxaa loo kala saaraa inay tahay [[hybrid regime|nidaam isku darsan]] waxayna, laga bilaabo 2025, haysataa darajada ugu sarreysa caalamka Carabta, marka loo eego ''[[The Economist Democracy Index]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Democracy Index 2025 |url=https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2025/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260428212930/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2025/ |archive-date=2026-04-28 |access-date=2026-05-21 |website=Economist Intelligence Unit |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Islam|Islaamku]] waa diinta rasmiga ah ee ugu weyn, iyadoo ku dhowaad dhammaan dadku ay isku aqoonsan yihiin Muslimiin. [[Arabic language|Af-Carabi]] iyo [[Berber language|Berber]] waa luqadaha rasmiga ah, in kasta oo lahjada Marooko ee Carabiga (oo gudaha looga yaqaan Darija) si ballaaran loogu hadlo loona tixgeliyo luqadda guud. [[culture of Morocco|Dhaqanka Marooko]] waa isku dhafka dhaqamada [[Arab culture|Carabta]], [[Berbers|Berberiga]], [[Europe|Yurub]] (gaar ahaan [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]]),&lt;ref&gt;David A. Wacks; Colonial al-Andalus: Spain and the Making of Modern Moroccan Culture. Comparative Literature 1 December 2020; 72 (4): 460-462. doi:

&lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8537775&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; iyo [[Culture of Africa|Afrika]].

Marooko waxay sheegataa lahaanshaha [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories|dhulka aan ismaamulin]] ee [[Saxarada Galbeed]], kaas oo ay u magacawday [[Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara|Gobolladeeda Koonfureed]]. Sanadkii 1975, ka dib markii Isbayn [[Madrid Accords|ay ogolaatay inay ka baxdo dhulkaas]] oo ay xukankiisa u wareejiso Marooko iyo [[Muritaniya]], dagaal dhuumaalaysi ah ayaa ka dhex qarxay awoodahaas iyo qaar ka mid ah [[Sahrawi people|dadka deegaanka]]. Sanadkii 1979, Muritaniya waxay ka tanaasushay [[Tiris al-Gharbiyya|sheegashadeeda]] aaggaas, laakiin dagaalku wuxuu sii waday inuu kordho. Sanadkii 1991, waxaa la gaaray heshiis xabad joojin ah, laakiin arrinta madax-bannaanidu weli wey dhex taallaa. Maanta, Marooko waxay haysataa qiyaastii labo meelood saddex meel dhulkaas,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hernández |first=M. Padrón |date=January 2, 2025 |title='The Moroccan king wants Western Sahara without its people': an argument for Western Sahara as a settler colony |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2201473X.2025.2456386 |journal=Settler Colonial Studies |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=126–143 |doi=10.1080/2201473X.2025.2456386 |issn=2201-473X|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Western Sahara peace process|dadaallada lagu xallinayo khilaafkana]] ilaa hadda wey ku guuldareysteen inay jebiyaan ismari-waaga siyaasadeed.

== Asalka iyo magaca ==
Erayga [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]] ah ee ''Morocco'' waa [[anglicisation|Ingiriisayn]] laga keenay magaca [[Af-Isbaanish|Isbaanishka]] u yaqaan dalka, {{lang|es|Marruecos}}, oo laga soo qaatay magaca magaalada [[Marrakesh]], taas oo ahayd caasimaddii [[Almoravid dynasty|Boqortooyadii Almofaraad]], [[Almohad Caliphate|Khaliifadii Almohad]], iyo [[Saadian dynasty|Boqortooyadii Saacadiyiinta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country names |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/country-name#morocco |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207212750/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/country-name#morocco |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=The CIA World Factbook}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xilligii boqortooyadii Almofaraad, magaalada Marrakesh waxaa lagu aasaasay magaca {{lang|tzm-Latn|Tāmurākušt}}, oo laga soo qaatay magacii hore ee magaalada ee [[Berber languages|Berberiga]] ee ahaa {{lang|tzm-Latn|amūr n Yakuš}} ({{Literally|dhulkii/dalkii Ilaah}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Ghouirgate |first=Mehdi |title=Chapitre VIII. Le calife en son palais: maintenir son rang |date=2020-02-27 |work=L'Ordre almohade (1120–1269): Une nouvelle lecture anthropologique |pages=357–402 |url=http://books.openedition.org/pumi/12060 |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002162449/https://books.openedition.org/pumi/12060 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |url-status=live |series=Tempus |place=Toulouse |publisher=Presses universitaires du Midi |language=fr |isbn=978-2-8107-0867-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Af-Ingiriisiga, shaqalka koowaad waa la beddelay, waxaana u muuqata in uu saameeyay erayga &quot;Moor.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Hareir |first1=Idris El |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVYT4Kraym0C&amp;pg=PA375 |title=The Spread of Islam Throughout the World |last2=Mbaye |first2=Ravane |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=UNESCO |isbn=978-92-3-104153-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Magaca rasmiga ah ee Marooko ee [[Af-Carabi|Carabiga]] casriga ah waa {{transliteration|ar|al-Maghrib}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب}}, {{Translation|dhulkii qorrax dhaca; galbeedka}}), iyadoo magaca rasmiga ah ee Boqortooyada ee Carabiga uu yahay {{transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah al-Maghribīyah}} ({{lang|ar|المملكة المغربية}}; {{Translation|boqortooyadii qorrax dhaca; boqortooyada galbeed}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maghreb, en arabe Maghrib ou Marhrib (&quot; le Couchant &quot;) |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/autre-region/Maghreb/131068 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122095454/https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/autre-region/Maghreb/131068 |archive-date=22 January 2023 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Encyclopédie Larousse |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Introduction |date=1987 |work=A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period |pages=1–25 |editor-last=Abun-Nasr |editor-first=Jamil M. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-maghrib-in-the-islamic-period/introduction/0A276AD37271D71955A8C28E6578F617 |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616132301/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-maghrib-in-the-islamic-period/introduction/0A276AD37271D71955A8C28E6578F617 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |url-status=live |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511608100.003 |isbn=978-0-521-33767-0 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maghreb |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Maghreb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913035240/https://www.britannica.com/place/Maghreb |archive-date=13 September 2023 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=morocco {{!}} Etymology of morocco by etymonline |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/morocco |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203085844/https://www.etymonline.com/word/morocco |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=www.etymonline.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taariikh ahaan, Marooko waxay qayb ka ahayd waxa juqraafiyaystayaashii Muslimiinta ay ugu yeeri jireen af-Carabi {{Ill|al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā|ar|المغرب الأقصى|italic=y}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب الأقصى}}, 'Galbeedka ugu fog [ee caalamka Islaamka]' kaas oo qeexaya qiyaastii aagga u dhexeeya [[Tiaret]] ilaa [[Badweynta Atlaantikada]]) taas oo ka duwan gobollada deriska la ah ee {{Ill|al-Maghrib al-Awsaṭ|ar|المغرب الأوسط|italic=y}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب الأوسط}}, 'Galbeedka Dhexe': [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] ilaa [[Béjaïa]]) iyo {{Ill|al-Maghrib al-Adnā|ar|المغرب الأدنى|italic=y}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب الأدنى}}, 'Galbeedka ugu dhow': [[Alexandria]] ilaa Tripoli).

[[Af-Turki|Turkiga]], Marooko waxaa loo yaqaanaa {{lang|tr|Fas}}, magacaas oo laga soo qaatay caasimaddeedii qarniyadii dhexe ee [[Fes]] ({{Lang|ar|فاس}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC |title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2007 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-919-5 |editor-last=Dumper |editor-first=Michael R. T. |page=151 |access-date=10 March 2024 |editor-last2=Stanley |editor-first2=Bruce E. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316174542/https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC |archive-date=16 March 2023 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bressolette |first=Henri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNzeCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1 |title=A la découverte de Fès |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2016 |isbn=978-2-343-09022-1 |chapter=Fondation de Fès El Bali par Idriss Ier et Idriss II |access-date=2021-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720213942/https://books.google.com/books?id=kNzeCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaybaha kale ee caalamka Islaamka, tusaale ahaan suugaanta Carabiga ee Masaarida iyo Bariga Dhexe ka hor bartamihii qarnigii 20-aad, Marooko waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeri jiray {{lang|ar-Latn|Murrakush}} ({{lang|ar|مراكش}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Gershovich |first=Moshe |title=French Military Rule in Morocco |date=12 October 2012 |isbn=978-0-203-04498-8 |doi=10.4324/9780203044988}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eraygan waxaa weli loo isticmaalaa in lagu tixraaco Marooko maanta dhowr luqadood oo [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iraani]] ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Af-Faarsi|Faarisiga]], [[Urdu]], iyo [[Af-Bunjaabi|Bunjaabiga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=مراکش - معنی در دیکشنری آبادیس |trans-title=Morocco |url=https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=abadis.ir |language=fa |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209233102/https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Marooko waxaa kale oo siyaasad ahaan loogu yeeri jiray ereyo kala duwan oo muujinaya [[Sharifism|hiddaha Shariifka]] ee [[Alawi dynasty|Boqortooyadii Calawiyiinta]], sida {{Transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah ash-Sharīfah}} ({{Lang|ar|المملكة الشريفة}}), {{Transliteration|ar|al-Iyālah ash-Sharīfah}} ({{Lang|ar|الإيالة الشريفة}}) iyo {{Transliteration|ar|al-Imbarāṭūriyyah ash-Sharīfah}} ({{Lang|ar|الإمبراطورية الشريفة}}), kuwaas oo loo turjumay af-Faransiis ahaan {{Lang|fr|l'Empire chérifien}} iyo af-Ingiriis ahaan 'Sharifian Empire'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=ملين |first=نبيل |title=فكرة الدستور في المغرب: وثائق ونصوص (19012011) |publisher=Tīl Kīl Mīdiyā |year=2017 |isbn=978-9954-28-764-4 |language=ar |oclc=994641823}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Cite journal |last=Laskier |first=Michael M. |date=1 September 2019 |title=Prelude to Colonialism: Moroccan Muslims and Jews through Western Lenses, 1860–1912 |url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/european-judaism/52/2/ej520209.xml |url-status=live |journal=European Judaism |language=en |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=111–128 |doi=10.3167/ej.2019.520209 |issn=0014-3006 |s2cid=203553804 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105195922/https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/european-judaism/52/2/ej520209.xml |archive-date=5 November 2022 |access-date=5 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
      <sha1>bi4hbnhcq2bypxxk95p8tu0crsmjryh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Albania</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4740</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-11T00:18:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>template:Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka iyo tixraac</comment>
      <origin>307736</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9985" sha1="jzdqjmkm4nnjalma8rhf2grvrabd40e" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Ee Albaaniya 
| native_name            = {{small|{{native name|sq|Republika e Shqipërisë}}}}
| common_name            = Albania
| image_flag             = Flag of Albania.svg
| alt_flag               = Red flag with a black double-headed eagle in the centre.
| image_coat             = [[File:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|60px]]
| national_motto         = {{native phrase|sq|[[Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar|Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder,&lt;br&gt;më jep emrin Shqipëtar]]|paren=no|italic=yes}}&lt;br&gt;&quot;You Albania, give me honour,&lt;br&gt;you give me the name Albanian&quot;
| national_anthem        = {{lang|sq|&quot;[[Himni i Flamurit]]&quot;|italic=no}}&lt;br&gt;&quot;Hymn to the Flag&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;[[File:Hymni i Flamurit instrumental.ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;
| image_map              = [[File:Location_Albania_Europe.png|225px|frameless]]
| map_caption            = Location of Albania (green)
| capital                = [[Tirana]]
| largest_city           = [[Tirana]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|41|19|N|19|49|E|type:city(557,000)_region:AL-11}}
| official_languages     = [[Albanian language|Albanian]]
| languages2_type        = Recognised minority languages
| languages2             = {{hlist|[[Greek language|Greek]]|[[Aromanian language|Aromanian]]|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]}}
| religion               = {{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap;
 |59% [[Islam in Albania|Islam]]
 |17% [[Christianity in Albania|Christianity]]
 |9% [[Irreligion in Albania|no religion]]
 |15% undeclared&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Albania|access-date=1 November 2021 |year=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| religion_year          = 2020
| demonym                = [[Albanians|Albanian]]
| government_type        = [[Unitary parliamentary republic]]
| leader_title1          = [[President of Albania|President]]
| leader_name1           = [[Bajram Begaj]]
| leader_title2          = [[Prime Minister of Albania|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2           = [[Edi Rama]]
| legislature            = [[Parliament of Albania|Kuvendi]]
| leader_title3          = [[Speaker of the Parliament of Albania|Parliament Speaker]]
| leader_name3           = [[Lindita Nikolla]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[History of Albania#Independence|Establishment history]]
| established_event1     = [[Principality of Arbanon]]
| established_date1      = 1190
| established_event2     = [[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|Kingdom of Albania]]
| established_date2      = February 1272
| established_event3     = [[Principality of Albania (medieval)|Princedom of Albania]]
| established_date3      = 1368
| established_event4     = [[League of Lezhë]]
| established_date4      = 2 March 1444
| established_event5     = [[Principality of Mirdita]]
| established_date5      = 1515
| established_event6     = [[Pashalik of Scutari]]/[[Pashalik of Janina|Janina]]
| established_date6      = 1757/1787
| established_event7     = Proclamation of independence from {{nowrap|the [[Ottoman Empire]]}}
| established_date7      = 28 November 1912
| established_event8     = [[Principality of Albania]]
| established_date8      = 29 July 1913
| established_event9     = [[Albanian Republic (1925–1928)|1st Republic of Albania]]
| established_date9      = 31 January 1925
| established_event10    = [[Albanian Kingdom (1928–39)|Kingdom of Albania]]
| established_date10     = 1 September 1928
| established_event11    = [[People's Republic of Albania|2nd Republic of Albania]]
| established_date11     = 10 January 1946
| established_event12    = [[Constitution of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania|3rd Republic of Albania]]
| established_date12     = 28 December 1976
| established_event13    = 4th Republic of Albania
| established_date13     = 29 April 1991
| established_event14    = {{nowrap|[[Constitution of Albania|Current constitution]]}}
| established_date14     = 28 November 1998
| area_km2               = 28,748
| area_sq_mi             = 11,100
| area_rank              = 140th &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
| percent_water          = 4.7
| population_estimate    = {{DecreaseNeutral}} 2,793,592&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |publisher=[[Institute of Statistics (Albania)|Instituti i Statistikës]] (INSTAT) |title=Popullsia e Shqipërisë |url=http://www.instat.gov.al/al/temat/treguesit-demografik%C3%AB-dhe-social%C3%AB/popullsia/publikimet/2022/popullsia-e-shqip%C3%ABris%C3%AB-1-janar-2022/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |language=sq |date=26 March 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822111024/http://www.instat.gov.al/al/temat/treguesit-demografik%C3%AB-dhe-social%C3%AB/popullsia/publikimet/2022/popullsia-e-shqip%C3%ABris%C3%AB-1-janar-2022/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = January 2022
| population_census      = 2,821,977&lt;ref name=&quot;Population and Housing Census 2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |publisher=[[Institute of Statistics (Albania)|Instituti i Statistikës]] (INSTAT) |title=Population and Housing Census 2011 |url=https://www.instat.gov.al/media/3058/main_results__population_and_housing_census_2011.pdf |access-date=21 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826201945/https://www.instat.gov.al/media/3058/main_results__population_and_housing_census_2011.pdf |archive-date=26 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 97
| population_density_sq_mi = 252
| population_density_rank = 
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $59.099 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.AL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=914,&amp;s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&amp;sy=2020&amp;ey=2028&amp;ssm=0&amp;scsm=1&amp;scc=0&amp;ssd=1&amp;ssc=0&amp;sic=0&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Albania) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 118th
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $20,739&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.AL&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 83rd
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $25.297 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.AL&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 125th
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $8,877&lt;ref name=&quot;IMFWEO.AL&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 84th
| Gini_year              = 2019
| Gini                   = 34.3&lt;!-- number only --&gt;
| Gini_change            = decrease
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref name=eurogini&gt;{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey|publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=12 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2021&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --&gt;
| HDI_change             = increase&lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.796&lt;!-- number only --&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 67th
| currency               = [[Albanian lek|Lek]]
| currency_code          = ALL
| patron_saint           = [[Our Lady of Good Counsel]]
| time_zone              = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| time_zone_DST          = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST         = +2
| drives_on              = right
| calling_code           = [[Telephone numbers in Albania|+355]]
| cctld                  = [[.al]]
}}

'''Albania''' ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Albania''' ([[af-Albani]] '''Republika e Shqipërisë''') waa wadan ku yaalo barige Koonfureed ee qaarada [[Yurub]].

Waxay xuduudo la wadaagtaa [[Montenegro]] dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, [[Kosovo]] [a] waqooyi-bari, Waqooyiga [[Makedoniya]] dhinaca bari, [[Giriiga]] dhinaca koonfureed iyo xadka badda ee ay la wadaagto Giriiga, Montenegro iyo [[Talyaaniga]] dhinaca galbeed.

[[Juqraafi ahaan]] , qaab dalka kala duwan cimilada, dhulka, biyaha iyo iwm shuruudaha, lagu qeexay in meel ka mid ah 28.748 km2 (11,100 sq mi). Waxay leedahay kala duwanaansho cajiib ah muuqaalka dhulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa buuraha baraf-barafka ee Albaniya sidoo kale buuraha Korab, Skanderbeg , Pindus iyo Ceraunian ilaa xeebaha kulul iyo qoraxda ee Albaniin Adriatic iyo [[Badda Ionian]] ee ku taal [[Badda Mediterranean-ka]].

Wadanku wuxuu xubin ka yahay [[Qaramada Midoobay]], [[Bangiga adduunka]], [[UNESCO]], [[NATO]], [[WTO]], [[COE]], [[OSCE]] iyo [[OIC]]. Waa musharax rasmi ah xubin ka noqoshada [[midowga Yurub]].  Waa mid ka mid ah aasaasayaashii [[Ururka Tamarta]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Ururka Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha ee Badda Madow]].

* [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/2010-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Albania/ Albania]

* [[Roma (qaran)]]

* [[Kristo Negovani]]

==Xubin==
* [[NATO]]* 

* [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * *
* [[ Midowga Yurub]] * * * 

* [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * *

==Waddnamha degaan albania==
* {{Flag|Albania}} 2,845,955+

* {{Flag|Croatia}} 300+

* {{Flag|Italy}} 3000+

* {{Flag|France}} 3000+

* {{Flag|Turkey}} 3000+


[[File:Air_Albania.svg|thumb|right|300px|]]
[[File:Autobahn-Alb.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Albania]]
[[File:Golden_eagle_(13434882845).jpg|thumb|right|300px|Shimbirka Albania]]
[[File:Autostrada_Durrës-Morina-05.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Albania]]
[[File:Original_Bosnian_Cevapcici.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Qebapa]]
=Tixraac=
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}
{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Yurub}}</text>
      <sha1>jzdqjmkm4nnjalma8rhf2grvrabd40e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Surinam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307774</id>
      <parentid>291350</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T00:44:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="10394" sha1="tekv169wv1v99e6mbex3zb3kodjg4kp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Surinam
|native_name = {{native name|nl|Republiek Suriname|fontsize=68%}}
|common_name = Suriname
|image_flag = Flag of Suriname.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Suriname.svg
|image_map = SUR orthographic.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=[[South America]] |region_color= grey }}
|image_map2 = Suriname - Location Map (2013) - SUR - UNOCHA.svg
|national_motto = {{native phrase|la|&quot;[[Justitia]] – [[Pietas]] – [[Faith|Fides]]&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br&gt;{{small|&quot;Justice – Piety – Trust&quot;}}&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{native phrase|nl|Gerechtigheid - Vroomheid - Vertrouwen|italics=on}}}}|national_anthem = {{native name|nl|[[God zij met ons Suriname]]|nolink=on}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|''God be with our Suriname''}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
|official_languages = [[Surinamese Dutch|Dutch]]
|regional_languages =  {{collapsible list
  |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
  |title = 9 languages
                      |[[Akurio language|Akurio]]
                      |[[Arawak language|Arawak-Lokono]]
                      | [[Carib language|Carib-Kari'nja]]
                      | [[Mawayana language|Mawayana]]
                      | [[Sikiana language|Sikiana-Kashuyana]]
                      | [[Tiriyó language|Tiro-Tiriyó]]
                      | [[Waiwai language|Waiwai]]
                      | [[Warao language|Warao]]
                      | [[Wayana language|Wayana]] 
}}
|recognised_languages =
 {{collapsible list
  |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
  |title = 8 languages
 | [[Caribbean Hindustani#Sarnami Hindustani|Sarnami Hindustani]]
 | [[English language|English]]
 | [[Sranan Tongo]]
 | [[Javanese language|Javanese]]
 | [[Saramaccan language|Saramaccan]]
|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
|[[French language|French]]
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]
}}
|ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
  | 27.4% [[Indo-Surinamese|Indian]]
  | 21.7% [[Maroon (people)|Maroon]]
  | 15.7% [[Creole peoples|Creole]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |url=http://history.rutgers.edu/honors-papers-2015/1302-sode-honors-thesis-2015/file|title=Suriname: An Asian Immigrant and the Organic Creation of the Caribbean’s Most Unique Fusion Culture |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220092458/http://history.rutgers.edu/honors-papers-2015/1302-sode-honors-thesis-2015/file |archivedate=2017-02-20 |accessdate=2017-07-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
  | 13.7% [[Javanese Surinamese|Javanese]]
  | 13.4% [[Multiracial|Mixed]]
  | 3.8% [[Indigenous peoples in Suriname|Indigenous Amerindian]]
  | 1.5% [[Chinese Surinamese|Chinese]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf |title=Censusstatistieken 2012 |work=Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek in Suriname (General Statistics Bureau of Suriname) |page=76 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |access-date=2018-09-03 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071544/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ns.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2018-09-03|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107065133/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ns.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
  | 1% [[White Surinamese|European]] 
  | 1.8% Others&lt;ref name=&quot;Census&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;statistics-suriname1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics-suriname.org/index.php/statistieken/downloads/category/30-censusstatistieken-2012 |title=Census statistieken 2012 |publisher=Statistics-suriname.org |accessdate=13 July 2014 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113143359/http://www.statistics-suriname.org/index.php/statistieken/downloads/category/30-censusstatistieken-2012 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title= Definitieve Resultaten (Vol I) Etniciteit |journal= Presentatie Evaluatie Rapport CENSUS 8 |publisher= Algemeen Bureau voor Statestieken in Suriname|pages= 42 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2012
|religion= {{vunblist |48.4% [[Christian]]| 22.3% [[Hinduism in Suriname|Hindu]]| 13.9% [[Islam in Suriname|Muslim]]| 1.8% [[Winti]]| 0.8% [[Kejawèn]]| 2.1% Other| 7.5% None| 3.2% Not stated&lt;ref name=&quot;CENSUS2012&quot;/&gt;}}
|demonym = Surinamese
|capital = [[Paramaribo]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|5|50|N|55|10|W|type:city}}
|largest_city = [[Paramaribo]]
|government_type = [[Presidential republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[President of Suriname|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[Dési Bouterse]]
|leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Suriname|Vice President]]
|leader_name2 = [[Ashwin Adhin]]
|legislature = [[National Assembly (Suriname)|National Assembly]]
|area_km2 = 163,821
|area_sq_mi = 63,251 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|area_rank = 90th &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--&gt;
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|percent_water = 1.1
|population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Suriname}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
|population_estimate_year = July {{UN_Population|Year}}
|population_estimate_rank = 166th
|population_census = 541,638&lt;ref name=&quot;statistics-suriname1&quot;/&gt;&lt;!--DO ''not'' CHANGE UNTIL THE NEXT CENSUS--&gt;
|population_census_year = 2012 &lt;!--DO ''not'' CHANGE UNTIL THE NEXT CENSUS--&gt;
|population_density_km2 = 2.9
|population_density_sq_mi = 7.6 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 231st
|GDP_PPP_year = 2017
|GDP_PPP = $7.961 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=74&amp;pr.y=5&amp;sy=2017&amp;ey=2022&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=366&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=Suriname |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $13,934&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt; 
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal = $3.641 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2017
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $6,373&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|Gini_year = 1999
|Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = 57.6 &lt;!-- number only --&gt;
|Gini_ref =&lt;ref name=gini-index&gt;{{cite web|title=GINI index|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=SR|publisher=[[World Bank]]|accessdate=5 December 2017|archive-date=5 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205203230/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=SR|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank =
|HDI_year = 2015&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = steady &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.725 &lt;!-- number only --&gt;
|HDI_ref =&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |year=2016 |accessdate=23 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 97th
|sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
|established_event1 = [[Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)|constituent country]] within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]
|established_date1 = 15 December 1954
|established_event2 = from the Kingdom of the Netherlands
|established_date2 = 25 November 1975
|established_event3 = Current constitution
|established_date3 = 30 September 1987
|currency = [[Surinamese dollar]]
|currency_code = SRD
|time_zone = SRT
|utc_offset = -3
|time_zone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]]
|calling_code = [[+597]]
|cctld = [[.sr]]
}}
'''Surinam''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Koonfur Ameerika]]. waxeena xuduud la leedahay, wadamada [[Guyana]], [[Faransiis Guyana]] iyo [[Braasiil]]. Surinam waxee ahaan jirtay, wadan gumeesan jiray, dalka [[Holland]], waxeena xornimada qaadatay 1975tii.
markii hore intii ee xornimada qaadan, wadanka waxaa la dhihi jiray (holland Guyana).

Wadanka waxaa ku nool dad gaaraayo 481,267 qof.

Surinam (Sindinam), ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'Surinam', oo si rasmi ah loo yaqaan 'Republic of Suriname' (Dutch: Republiek Suriname [reːpyˌblik syːrinaːmə]), waa gobol madaxbannaan oo ku yaal xeebta Atlantic ee Koonfurta Ameerika. Waxaa xuduud u leh baddaha Atlantic ee woqooyiga, Faransiiska Guiana ilaa bari, Guyana galbeedka iyo Brazil oo koonfurta. Dhamaan 165,000 kilomitir oo isku wareeg ah (64,000 oo mayl laba jibaaran), waa waddanka ugu yar South America. Suriname waxay leedahay dad ku dhow 558,368, intooda badani waxay ku nool yihiin xeebta woqooyiga ee dalka, gudaha iyo hareeraha caasimadda iyo magaalo weyn, Paramaribo.

Suriname waxay muddo dheer ku noolayd dad kala duwan oo asal ah ka hor inta aan la baadhi karin oo ay ku tartamayeen awoodaha Yurub laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 16aad, ugu danbeyntii waxay ku timid xukunkii Dutch ee qarnigii 17aad. Intii lagu guda jiray wakhtigii gumeysiga Holland, waxay ahayd ugu horreyntii dhaqaalaha beeritaanka ku tiirsan addoonada Afrika iyo, ka dib markii la baabi'iyay addoonsiga, addoommadii induburay ee Aasiya. Sannadkii 1954, Suriname wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah waddamada ka soo jeeda Boqortooyada Holland. 25kii Noofembar 1975, dalka Suriname wuxuu ka tagay Boqortooyada Netherlands si uu u noqdo dawlad madaxbannaan, si kastaba ha ahaatee xiriirka dhaqaale, diplomaasiyadeed, iyo dhaqameed ee xiriiriyihii hore.

Suriname waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in uu yahay wadan dhaqameed Caribbean, waana xubin ka tirsan Bulshada Caribbean (CARICOM). Inkastoo Nederlandku yahay luqadda rasmiga ah ee dawladda, ganacsiga, warbaahinta, iyo waxbarashada, Sranan, oo ah luuqad Ingiriisi ku saleysan, waa luuqad aad u ballaaran oo luuqado ah. Suriname waa dal madaxbannaan oo ka baxsan Yurub oo ay Dutch-ka ku hadlaan inta badan dadka. Sida dhaxalka colonization, dadka Suriname waxay ka mid yihiin kuwa ugu kala duwan adduunka, kuwaas oo ku xiran tiro badan oo ah qowmiyadaha, diinta, iyo luqadaha kala duwan.

* [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/1990-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Suriname/ Suriname]


[[File:Coat of arms of Suriname.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Flag_of_Suriname.svg|thumb|[[Calan]]ka Surinam]]
[[File:Suriname in its region.svg|thumb|]]

==Tixraac==
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  <page>
    <title>Afgaanistan</title>
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{{Medium low article}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Afghanistan
| common_name            = Afghanistan
| native_name            = {{native name|ps|د افغانستان اسلامي امارت|italic=no}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|{{lang|ps|Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat|italic=yes}}}}&lt;Br&gt; {{native name|prs|امارت اسلامی افغانستان}}&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{lang|prs|Emārat-e Eslāmi-ye Afghānestān}}}}
| image_flag             = Flag of the Taliban.svg
| flag_caption           = Flag
| image_coat             =Arms of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg 
| alt_coat               = Coat of arms&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://law.acku.edu.af/fa/download/file/fa/12686/77746 |access-date=2021-10-17 |archive-date=2019-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603201955/http://law.acku.edu.af/fa/download/file/fa/12686/77746 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| national_motto         = ''[[Shahada|lā ʾilāha ʾillà l-Lāh, Muḥammadun rasūlu l-Lāh]]''&lt;br /&gt;{{lang|ar|لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله}} ([[Classical Arabic|Arabic]])&lt;br /&gt;&quot;There is no god but [[God in Islam|God]]. [[Muhammad]] is the messenger of God.&quot;{{efn|The ''[[Shahādah]]'' (Statement of faith) is sometimes translated into English as 'There is no god but Allah', using the [[romanization]] of the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word ''[[Allāh]]'' instead of its translation. The word ''Allāh'' ({{lang-ar|ٱلله}}) literally translates as ''the God'', as the prefix 'Al-' is the definite article.&lt;ref&gt;* {{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |title=God |work=Islam: Empire of Faith |publisher=PBS}}
* 'Islam and Christianity', ''Encyclopedia of Christianity'' (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as ''Allah''.
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Allah |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |author=L. Gardet}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| national_anthem        = {{lang|ps|دا د باتورانو کور}}&lt;br&gt;{{transl|ps|Dā də bātorāno kor}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--{{transl|}}&lt;br /&gt;--&gt;{{center|&quot;[[This is the Home of the Brave]]&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=BBCNazer.com {{!}} زندگى و آموزش {{!}} حرف های مردم: سرود ملی|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nazer/lifeandlearning_dari/story/2007/08/070830_ws-aep-pt-national-anthem.shtml|access-date=18 August 2021|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Amirzai&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Amirzai|first=Shafiq l|title=د ملي سرود تاریخ {{!}} روهي|url=https://rohi.af/news/35829|access-date=18 August 2021|website=Rohi.Af|language=ps|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=17 Bisha Sideedaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817072227/https://rohi.af/news/35829|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nunn.asia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 January 2018|title=ملا فقیر محمد درویش د جهادي ترنم منل شوی سرخیل|url=https://www.nunn.asia/113730/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%86%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%84-%d8%b4%d9%88%db%8c/|access-date=18 August 2021|website=نن ټکی اسیا|language=ps|archive-date=20 Bisha Sagaalaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920102707/https://www.nunn.asia/113730/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%86%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%84-%d8%b4%d9%88%db%8c/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tharoor&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Tharoor|first=Ishaan|date=19 June 2013|title=The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?|language=en-US|work=Time|url=https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/|access-date=19 August 2021|issn=0040-781X|archive-date=19 Bisha Sideedaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819021327/https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} {{center|}}
| image_map              = Afghanistan (orthographic projection).svg
| map_caption            = 
| capital                = [[Kabul]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|34|31|N|69|11|E|region:AF_source:geonames|display=inline,title}}&lt;ref&gt;[{{geonameslink|gnid=1149361|name=islamic-republic-of-afghanistan}} Islamic Republic of Afghanistan] in [{{geonamesabout}} Geonames.org (cc-by)]&lt;/ref&gt;
| largest_city           = Kabul
| languages_type         = [[Languages of Afghanistan|Major languages]]
| languages              = {{plainlist|
*[[Pashto]]
*[[Dari Persian]]}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{unbulleted list
 | 42% [[Pashtun]]
 | 27% [[Tajiks|Tajik]]
 | {{figure space}}9% [[Hazaras|Hazara]]
 | {{figure space}}9% [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]]
 | {{figure space}}4% [[Aimaq people|Aimaq]]
 | {{figure space}}3% [[Turkmen people|Turkmen]]
 | {{figure space}}2% [[Baloch people|Baloch]]
 | {{figure space}}4% [[Ethnic groups in Afghanistan|others]]
 }}
| ethnic_groups_ref      = {{Efn|The last census in Afghanistan was conducted in 1979, and was itself incomplete. Due to the [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|ongoing conflict]] in the country, no official census has been conducted since.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = https://afghanistan.unfpa.org/en/node/15230|title = Population Matters|date = 3 March 2016|ciwaan = Nuqul Archive|access-date = 17 Bisha Tobnaad 2021|archive-date = 16 Bisha Sideedaad 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210816021136/https://afghanistan.unfpa.org/en/node/15230|dead-url = yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/afghanistans-ethnic-mosaic/articleshow/85552093.cms
| title=Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic| author=timesofindia| date= 23 August 2021| publisher= | via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/afghanistan-population
| title=&quot;Afghanistan Population 2021&quot;| author=World Population Review| date= 19 September 2021| publisher= | via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1258799/afghanistan-share-of-population-by-ethnic-group/
| title=Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020| author=statista.com| date= 20 August 2021| publisher= | via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghan-ethnic-groups-brief-investigation
| title=Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation| author=reliefweb.int| date= 14 August 2011| publisher= | via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2019 unofficial estimates
| religion               = {{unbulleted list
 | 99.7% [[Islam in Afghanistan|Islam]] ([[State religion|official]])
 | {{figure space}}0.3% [[Demographics of Afghanistan#Religion|others]]
 }}
| demonym                = [[Afghan]]{{Efn|Other names that have been used as demonyms are '''Afghani'''&lt;ref&gt;Dictionary.com. [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]], Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghani Reference.com] (Retrieved 13 November 2007).&lt;/ref&gt; and '''Afghanistani'''.&lt;ref&gt;Dictionary.com. [[WordNet]] 3.0. [[Princeton University]]. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghanistani Reference.com] (Retrieved 13 November 2007). {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328102257/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghanistani |date=28 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|name=&quot;Demonym&quot;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Constitution of Afghanistan&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Constitution of Afghanistan|url=https://www.afghanembassy.us/about-afghanistan/constitution/|year=2004|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920112856/http://www.afghanembassy.us/about-afghanistan/constitution/|archive-date=20 September 2016|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Afghan {{!}} meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary |publisher=the Cambridge English Dictionary |isbn=9781107660151 |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/afghan }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| government_type        = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Islamic state|Islamic]] [[caretaker government]] under an [[autocracy]]{{efn|name=&quot;Akhundzada&quot;|Taliban Supreme Commander [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]] has no official position in the country's caretaker government, but is widely believed to wield ultimate authority and is expected to be given an official role soon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Zucchino|first=David|date=1 September 2021|title=Shifting to Governing, Taliban Will Name Supreme Afghan Leader|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-government-leader.html|access-date=14 September 2021|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| leader_title1          = [[Head of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Head]]{{efn|name=&quot;Akhundzada&quot;}}&lt;!--{{efn|name=Emir|The official title is [[Amir al-Mu'minin]] (in English: Commander of the Faithful). The position is often referred to in English as simply &quot;[[Emir]]&quot;.}}--&gt;
| leader_name1           = {{nowrap|[[Hibatullah Akhundzada]]}}
| leader_title2          = [[Prime Minister of Afghanistan|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2           = [[Hasan Akhund]] ([[Acting (law)|acting]])
| leader_title3          = [[Deputy prime minister|First Deputy Prime Minister]]
| leader_name3           = [[Abdul Ghani Baradar]] (acting)
| leader_title5          = [[Deputy prime minister|Second Deputy Prime Minister]]
| leader_name5           = [[Abdul Salam Hanafi]] (acting)
| leader_title6          = [[Deputy prime minister|Third Deputy Prime Minister]]
| leader_name6           = [[Abdul Kabir]] (acting)
| legislature            = &lt;!--TBA--&gt;
| sovereignty_type       = [[History of Afghanistan|Formation]]
| established_event1     = {{nowrap|[[Hotak dynasty|Hotak Empire]]}}
| established_date1      = 1709–1738
| established_event2     = {{nowrap|[[Durrani Empire]]}}
| established_date2      = 1747–1823
| established_event3     = {{nowrap|[[Emirate of Afghanistan|Emirate]]}}
| established_date3      = 1823–1839
| established_event4     = {{nowrap|[[Durrani Empire|Restoration of Durrani Empire]]}}
| established_date4      = 1839–1842
| established_event5     = {{nowrap|[[Emirate of Afghanistan|Restoration of Emirate]]}}
| established_date5      = 1842–1926
| established_event6     = {{nowrap|[[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Protected State]]|Protected State of [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]}}
| established_date6      = 26 May 1879
| established_event7     = [[Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919|Independence]]
| established_date7      = [[Afghan Independence Day|19 August 1919]]
| established_event8     = {{nowrap|[[Kingdom of Afghanistan|Formation of Kingdom]]}}
| established_date8      = 9 June 1926
| established_event9     = {{nowrap|[[Republic of Afghanistan|Declaration of Republic]]}}
| established_date9      = 17 July 1973
| established_event10    = [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]]
| established_date10     = [[Saur Revolution|27–28 April 1978]]
| established_event11    = [[Islamic State of Afghanistan|Islamic State]]
| established_date11     = 28 April 1992
| established_event12    = [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Islamic Emirate]]
| established_date12     = 7 September 1996
| established_event13    = {{nowrap|[[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|Islamic Republic]]}}
| established_date13     = 26 January 2004
| established_event14    = [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|Restoration of Islamic Emirate]]
| established_date14     = 15 August 2021
| area_km2               = 652,864&lt;ref&gt;Central Statistics Office Afghanistan&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank              = 40th
| area_sq_mi             = 252,072
| percent_water          = negligible
| population_estimate    = 32,890,171&lt;ref&gt;Central Statistics Office Afghanistan, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2020
| population_estimate_rank = 43rd
| population_density_km2 = 48.08
| population_density_sq_mi = 119
| population_density_rank = 174th
| GDP_PPP                = $72.911&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=63&amp;pr.y=8&amp;sy=2018&amp;ey=2023&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=512&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=Afghanistan |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=14 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 96th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = $2,024&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 169th
| GDP_nominal            = $21.657&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 111st
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $493&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 177th
| HDI                    = 0.511&lt;!-- number only --&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2019&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --&gt;
| HDI_change             = increase&lt;!-- increase/decrease/steady --&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 169th
| currency               = [[Afghan afghani|Afghani]] (افغانی)
| currency_code          = AFN
| time_zone              = D†
| utc_offset             = +4:30&lt;br /&gt;[[Solar Hijri calendar|Solar Calendar]]
| drives_on              = [[Right- and left-hand traffic#Afghanistan|right]]
| calling_code           = [[Telephone numbers in Afghanistan|+93]]
| cctld                  = [[.af]]&lt;br /&gt;[[افغانستان.]]
| today                  = 
}}
[[File:Kabul,_Afghanistan_view.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]]
[[File:Afghanistan in its region.svg|thumb|right|300px|Afqaanistan]]
[[File:Afghan_cuisine.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]]
[[File:Afghan_Palo.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]]
[[File:Bala_Hisar_Fort.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]]
'''Afqaanistan''' ama '''Jamuuriyadda islaamiga Afqaanistan''' [[Farsi]] جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان) waa wadan [[dhul xiran]] oo ku yaalo koonfurta ama bartamaha [[Aasiya]].Wadankaan waxaa ku badan Buuraha, waxoona xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Bakistaan]], [[Iiraan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Tadsjikistan]], [[Usbekistan]] iyo [[Shiinaha]].

Wadankaan caasimadiisa waa [[Kabul]]. Magaca afqaanistan waxaa loola jeedaa dhulka afqaanka.

Afgaanistaan waxay leedahay taariikh aad iyo aad u dheer. waxa uu wadankani soomaray dagaalo sokeeye oo aad iyo aad u badan.
afgaanistaan waxaa laogyahy in ay tahy sababta koobaad ee keentay in uu burburo [[Midowga Sofiyet]] ilaa xiligii uu dhacay [[Midowga Sofiyet]] sanadii 1989 waxa afgaanistraan ka bilaabmay dagaalo sokeeye oo aad iyo aad ubadan ilaa hadana ka socda.

== deegaan ahaan ==
Deegaanka ay kutaalo afgaanistaan waa dhul buuralay ah waxa ciida afgaanistaan ku yaala buuro aad ubadan afgaanistaan malaha wax dekada anma bada. 
=== magaalooyinka uguwaawayn ===
* [[kabul]] oo ah caasimada 
* [[qandahaar]] caasimada labaad 
* [[waharaat]] 
==Xubin==
 
* [[ADB]] *
* [[AIIB]] *

* [[IORA]] * 
* [[ICAO]] *


* [[UNICEF]] *
* [[UNESCO]] *


*[[Bankiga Aduunka]] * *

*[[Qaramada Midoobay]] * *


{{Commons|United Nations}}

==Waddnmaha Degaan Afganistan==:

* {{Flag|Taiwan}} 200+*

* {{Flag|Turkey}} 200+*

&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }}&lt;/ref&gt;.
* {{Flag|United States}} 200+

* {{Flag|China}} PR China; 200,000++:[&lt;ref&gt;https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm |date=20220722083009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;].
Afgaanistaan waxa ay leedahay jawi aad iyo aad uxun xiliga [[Jiilaal]]ka oo Barafka ayaa aad iyo aad ugadaha.

==hoos u dhaca gobolka==
Afganistan waxay ahayd 40-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay colaadaha lala galo quruumaha kale, waxa ay ku xiran yihiin iran sida dadwaynaha,
War saxaafadeed ka soo baxa Afganisatan ayaa muujinaya ixtiraam la'aanta hoggaamiyeyaasha caalamka.

* [https://news.sky.com/story/justin-trudeaus-lost-twin-abdul-salam-maftoon-finds-fame-in-afghan-talent-show-11608014]

==Sido Kale fiiri==
* [[Bakistaan]]
* [[Hindiya]]
* [[Bangladesh]]

=Tixraac=
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
{{Commonscat|Afghanistan}}
[[Category:Afgaanistaan]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aserbiijaan</title>
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      <text bytes="11409" sha1="eey3i99vrk7fjuboqmedrymobvadm98" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyada Azerbaijan
| common_name = Azerbaijan
| native_name = {{native name|az|Azərbaycan Respublikası}}
| image_flag = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg
| alt_flag = Three equally sized horizontal bands of blue, red, and green, with a white crescent and an eight-pointed star centered in the red band
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Azerbaijan.svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
| national_motto = &lt;!-- The Republic of Azerbaijan has no official, constitutionally fixed motto --&gt;
| national_anthem = {{vunblist |''[[Azərbaycan marşı]]'' |{{small|&quot;March of Azerbaijan&quot;}}|&lt;center&gt;[[File:Azerbaijan national anthem (vocal version).ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;}}
| image_map = Azerbaijan (orthographic projection).svg
| map_caption = Location of Azerbaijan (green)
| capital = [[Baku]]
| largest_city = capital
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|25|N|49|50|E|type:city}}
| official_languages = [[Azerbaijani]]
| ethnic_groups_year = 2009&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131110034957/http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/az/AP_/AZ_1.shtml The State Statistical Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic, The ethnic composition of the population according to the 2009 census.] {azstat.org&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list |91.60% [[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijani]] |2.02% [[Lezgian people|Lezgian]]|1.35% [[Armenians in Azerbaijan|Armenian]]|1.34% [[Russians in Azerbaijan|Russian]]|1.26% [[Talysh people|Talysh]]|item3_style=padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em|2.43% [[Azerbaijan#Ethnic groups|others]]}}
| languages_type = Ethnic minority languages
| languages = [[Avar language|Avar]], [[Budukh language|Budukh]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Juhuri language|Juhuri]], [[Khinalug language|Khinalug]], [[Kryts language|Kryts]], [[Af-Kurdish]], [[Lezgian language|Lezgian]], [[Af-Ruush]], [[Rutul language|Rutul]], [[Talysh language|Talysh]], [[Tat language (Caucasus)|Tat]], [[Tsakhur language|Tsakhur]] and [[Udi language|Udi]]
| demonym = Azerbaijani
| government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]]}} {{nowrap|[[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;LaPorte2016&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=LaPorte |first=Jody |author-link=&lt;!-- Jody LaPorte --&gt; |year=2016 |chapter=Semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/978-1-137-38781-3_4 |chapter-format=PDF |editor1-last=Elgie |editor1-first=Robert |editor1-link=Robert Elgie (academic) |editor2-last=Moestrup |editor2-first=Sophia |editor2-link=Sophia Moestrup |title=Semi-Presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/978-1-137-38781-3 |location=London |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |publication-date=15 May 2016 |pages=91–117 |doi=10.1057/978-1-137-38781-3_4 |isbn=978-1-137-38780-6 |lccn=2016939393 |oclc=6039791976 |access-date=13 October 2017 |quote=LaPorte examines the dynamics of semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan’s regime is a curious hybrid, in which semi-presidential institutions operate in the larger context of authoritarianism. The author compares formal Constitutional provisions with the practice of politics in the country, suggesting that formal and informal sources of authority come together to enhance the effective powers of the presidency. In addition to the considerable formal powers laid out in the Constitution, Azerbaijan’s president also benefits from the support of the ruling party and informal family and patronage networks. LaPorte concludes by discussing the theoretical implications of this symbiosis between formal and informal institutions in Azerbaijan’s semi-presidential regime. |postscript=. |ref=harv }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Azerbaijan|Madaxweynaha]]
| leader_name1 = [[Ilham Aliyev]]
| leader_title2 = [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Azerbaijan|Madaxweyne kuxigeenka]]
| leader_name2 = [[Mehriban Aliyeva]]
| leader_title3 = [[Raiisul wasaaraha Azerbaijan|Raiisul wasaaraha]]
| leader_name3 = [[Novruz Mammadov]]
| legislature = [[Golaha Qaranka Azerbaijan|Golaha Qaranka]]
| sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Azerbaijan|Formation]]
| established_event1 = [[Jamhuuriyadda dimuqraadiga Azerbaijan|Jamhuuriyadda dimuqaraadiga]]
| established_date1 = 28 May 1918
| established_event2 = [[Jamhuuriyadda hantiwadaagga sofiyetka Azerbaijan|Jamhuuriyadda hantiwadaagga Sofiyet]]
| established_date2 = 28 April 1920
| established_event3 = Ka xoroobay Midowga Sofiyet [[Midowga Sofiyet]]
| established_date3 = 30 Agoosto 1991 (ku dhawaaqday)&lt;br /&gt;18 October 1991 (madaxbanaani)&lt;br /&gt;25 December 1991 (dhamaatay)
| established_event4 = [[Alma-Ata Protocol|Xubin buuxda ka noqotay CIS]]
| established_date4 = 21 Deceembar 1991
| established_event5 = [[Go'aanka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 742|u qirtay]] [[Qaramada Midoobay]]
| established_date5 = 2 March 1992
| established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Dastuurka Azerbaijan|Dastuurka]] la ansixiyay}}
| established_date6 = 12 Noveemaer 1995
| area_km2 = 86600
| area_rank = 111th
| area_sq_mi = 33436 &lt;!--Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water = 1.6
| population_estimate = 9,911,646&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/azerbaijan-population/ |title=Azərbaycanda demoqrafik vəziyyət |language=Azerbaijani |publisher=Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi |date=13 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2018
| population_estimate_rank = 91st
| population_density_km2 = 113
| population_density_sq_mi = 293 &lt;!--Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 99th
| GDP_PPP = $175&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;
{{cite web 
|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=66&amp;pr.y=6&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2022&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=912&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=
|title=Azerbaijan
|publisher=International Monetary Fund 
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 72nd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $17,857&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 71st
| GDP_nominal = $39.207 billion &lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 110th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,097&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 110th
| Gini = 31.8 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year = 2018
| Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=AZ |title=Gini Index|publisher=World Bank |accessdate=13 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.759 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2018&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2016 – &quot;Human Development for everyone&quot;|date=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 78th
| currency = [[Azerbaijani manat|Manat]] (₼)
| currency_code = AZN
| time_zone = [[Waqtiga Azerbaijan|AZT]] ([[UTC+04]])
| utc_offset_DST = 
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[Furaha taleefonka Azerbaijan|+994]]
| cctld = [[.az]]
}}
'''Aserbiijaan''' ([[Azerbaijani]] Azərbaycan) waa dowlad kamida ah lixda dawladood oo asal ahaan kasoojeeda wadanka [[Turkiga|turkiga]] kuna yaala inta u dhaxaysa [[yurub]] iyo [[aasiya]] gaar ahaan wadankan waxa uu ku yaalaa mandaqada aadka u baaxda wayn ee [[qafqaas]] waxa uu dhanka [[bari]] xuduud kala leeyahay [[Bada Qaswiin]] dhanka [[waqooyina]] wadanka [[ruushka]] wadanka [[joorjiya]] dhanka [[waqooyi galbeed]] dhanka [[galbeed]] kana wadanka [[Armania]] dhanka koonfureedna wadanka [[iiraan]] waxa kale oo wadankani uu xuduud aad u yar la leeyahay wadanka [[turki]]
[[File:Armenia - Guèrra d'Aut Karabagh.png|thumb|250px|Posicions respectivas a l'eissida de la Guèrra d'Aut Karabagh.]]
Azerbaijan, waa wadan ku yaal Koonfurta Caucasus ee Eurasia ee iskutallaabta ee Bariga Yurub iyo Galbeedka Aasiya. Waxaa xuduud u leh badda Caspian oo ku taal bariga, Ruushka waqooyiga, Georgia ee waqooyi-galbeed, Armenia ee galbeedka iyo Iran si koonfurta. Nakhchivan oo ku taala Armenia ayaa ku xiran waqooyiga iyo bari, Iran oo ah dhinaca koonfureed iyo galbeed, waxana uu ku yaal xudduudda 11km oo dheer leh Turkiga waqooyi galbeed.

Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Azerbaijan ayaa ku dhawaaqday xoriyadeeda sannadkii 1918, waxayna noqotay waddankii ugu horreeyay ee dimoqraadiga ah ee dunida Muslimka ah. Wadanku wuxuu ku biiray Midawga Soofiyeeti 1920kii oo ahaa Jamhuuriyadda Soofiyeeti ee Soofiyeeti. Jamhuuriyadda casriga ah ee Azerbaijan waxay ku dhawaaqday xoriyaddeedii 30kii Agoosto 1991, ka hor inta aan si rasmi ah loo tirtirin USSR bishii Disembar 1991-kii. Bishii Sebtembar 1991kii, badi Ermeni ah ee ka soo horjeeda gobolka Nagorno-Karabakh ayaa ka gaabsaday inay samaystaan ​​Jamhuuriyadda Artsakh. Gobollada iyo toddoba degmo oo xaafad ka baxsan waxay u noqdeen kuwo madaxbannaan oo dhammaystirmay dhammaadkii dagaalkii Nagor-Karabakh 1994. Gobolladaasi waxaa loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin kuwo caalamku aqoonsan yahay oo qayb ka ah Azerbaijan, iyadoo xal waara xaaladda Nagorno-Karabakh, laga helo wadahadal ay fududeeyeen OSCE.

== Taariikh ==
Wadankani waxa uu horay uga mid ahaan jiray [[Midowga Sofiyet]] waxa uu wadankani aad ugu qani yahay shiidaalka hada waxa madaxwayne u ah xaydar caliyeef waana wadan kamida wadamada ururka [[islaamka]] caasimada wadanka waxa lagu magacaabaa [[Baku]].

==Dhaqanka==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| header = [[Gobanimo: Azerbaijani rug|Xarshad Azerbaijani]] iyo [[Kalaghai]], oo ah [[UNESCO]] [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity|Hal-abuur aan la taaban karin oo Qaran ah]]
| image1 = Şəkil-Bico xalçası (1).jpg
| alt1 = Xarshad Azerbaijani oo ka socota kooxda Shirvan, tuulada Bijo, qarnigii 19-aad
| caption1 = Xarshad Azerbaijani oo ka socota kooxda Shirvan
| width1 = 210
| image2 = Azərbaycan ipəyindən kəlağayılar 1.JPG
| alt2 = Kalaghai-da xariir ah
| caption2 = Kalaghai-da xariir ah
| width2 = 200
}}

Dhaqanka Azerbaijan wuxuu ka soo farcamay saameyno kala duwan oo taariikhi ah, taasoo ka dhigtay dadka Azerbaijan kuwo laba-dhaqan ah. Dhaqamada qaranka ayaa si xooggan loo ilaaliyaa, in kasta oo ay jiraan saameyno Galbeed iyo dhaqanka macaamiisha caalamiga ah.

Tusaale ahaan, Novruz Bayram waa ciid qoyska lagu wadaago oo ka timid xafladda dhaqameed ee sanadka cusub ee diinta Zoroastrianism.

Dharka dhaqameed iyo qarameed ee Azerbaijan waxaa ka mid ah chokha iyo papakhi, oo labaduba astaan u ah dhaqanka iyo taariikhda dalka.

Azerbaijan waxaa ku yaal idaacado ku baxa luqado kala duwan sida Ruushka, Joorjiya, Kurdish, Lezgian iyo Talysh, kuwaas oo maalgelin ka helaya dowladda. Idaacadahaan waxaa ka mid ah barnaamijyo maxalli ah oo ku baxa luqadaha Avar iyo Tat, gaar ahaan magaalooyinka Balakan iyo Khachmaz. Magaalada Baku waxaa lagu daabacaa dhowr wargeys oo ku qoran luqadaha Ruush, Kurdish (''Dengi Kurd''), Lezgian (''Samur'') iyo Talysh. Ururka Yuhuudda &quot;Sokhnut&quot; wuxuu daabacaa wargeyska ''Aziz''.

==Tixraac==
{{commons|Azərbaycan}}
{{reflist}}
{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
{{Western Asia}}
{{Dalalka Yurub}}
[[Category:Aserbiijaan]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kasakhstan</title>
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      <text bytes="10015" sha1="f8gt6u8snvpu4h5kcma80lmvu6q9nnp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = {{nowrap|Jamhuuriyadda Qasaagstaan}}
| common_name = Qasaagstaan
| native_name = {{unbulleted list
|{{native name|kk|{{lower|0.2em|Қазақстан Республикасы&amp;nbsp;}}|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;''{{small|Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy}}''
|{{native name|ru|{{lower|0.2em|Республика Казахстан&amp;nbsp;}}|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;''{{small|Respublika Kazakhstan}}''
 }}
| image_flag = Flag of Kazakhstan.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Kazakhstan.svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
| national_motto = 
| national_anthem = [[Meniń Qazaqstanym|Менің Қазақстаным]]&lt;br /&gt;{{transl|kk|Meniń Qazaqstanym}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;My Kazakhstan&quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National anthem of Kazakhstan, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Kazakhstan (orthographic projection).svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color= green}}
| capital = [[Nur-Sultan]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|51|10|N|71|26|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = [[Almaty]]
| official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] {{small|(official state language)}} |[[Russian language|Russian]]{{small|  (used as official)&lt;ref&gt;[http://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/K950001000_ &quot;Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan&quot;]. zan.kz.&lt;/ref&gt;}}}}
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
  | 66.48% [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]]
  | 20.61% [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]]
  |  12.91% others
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2016&lt;ref name=&quot;KZ2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT118979 |title=Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2016 года |date= |accessdate=2017-05-24 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014084023/http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT118979 |archivedate=14 October 2017 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym = [[Kazakhstani (disambiguation)|Kazakhstani]]{{efn|Kazakhstani includes all citizens, in contrast to Kazakh, which is the demonym for ethnic [[Kazakhs]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Schneider|first1=Johann F.|last2=Larsen|first2=Knud S.|last3=Krumov|first3=Krum|last4=Vazow|first4=Grigorii|title=Advances in International Psychology: Research Approaches and Personal Dispositions, Socialization Processes and Organizational Behavior|date=2013|publisher=Kassel university press GmbH|isbn=978-3-86219-454-4|page=164|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=p_TauaCvBdUC|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227164424/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=p_TauaCvBdUC|archivedate=27 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA&quot;&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html Kazakhstan] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html |date=20181226010136 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030062537/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html |date=30 October 2017 }}. ''CIA World Factbook''.&lt;/ref&gt;
| government_type = [[Jamhuuriya|Jamhuuriyadda]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[midayanka]]
| leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Kazakhstan|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1 = [[Qaasim-Jomaart Tooqayeef]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Kazakhstan|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Askar Manin]]
| legislature = [[Parliament of Kazakhstan|Parliament]]
| upper_house = [[Senate of Kazakhstan|Senate]]
| lower_house = [[Mazhilis]]
| sovereignty_type = [[History of Kazakhstan|Formation]]
| established_event1 = [[Kazakh Khanate]]
| established_date1 = 1465
| established_event2 = [[Calaash Autonomy]]
| established_date2 = 13 December 1917
| established_event3 = [[Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–25)|Kirghiz ASSR]]
| established_date3 = 26 August 1920
| established_event4 = [[Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic|Kazak ASSR]]
| established_date4 = {{nowrap|19 June 1925}}
| established_event5 = [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakh SSR]]
| established_date5 = 5 December 1936
| established_event6 = Declared Sovereignty
| established_date6 = 25 October 1990
| established_event7 = Reconstituted as the Republic of Kazakhstan
| established_date7 = 10 December 1991
| established_event8 = Declared Independence from the [[Midowga Sofiyet|MJHS]]
| established_date8 = 16 December 1991
| established_event9 = [[Alma-Ata Protocol|CIS Accession]]
| established_date9 = 21 December 1991
| established_event10 = [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Recognized]]
| established_date10 = {{nowrap|26 December 1991}}
| established_event11 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 732|Admitted to the]] [[United Nations]]
| established_date11 = 2 March 1992
| established_event12 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution of Kazakhstan|Current constitution]]}}
| established_date12 = 30 August 1995
| area_km2 = 2,724,900
| area_rank = 9th
| area_sq_mi = 1,052,085 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water = 1.7
| population_estimate = {{UN Population|Kazakhstan}}{{UN Population|ref}}
| population_estimate_year = {{UN Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 64th
| population_density_km2 = 6.49
| population_density_sq_mi = 16.82 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 227th
| GDP_PPP = $497 billion&lt;ref name=IMF&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=35&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2022&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=916&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Kazakhstan |publisher=International Monetary Fund |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227164424/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=35&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2022&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=916&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |archivedate=27 February 2018 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 42nd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $26,929&lt;ref name=IMF /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 53rd
| GDP_nominal = $170 billion&lt;ref name=IMF /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 50th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $9,224&lt;ref name=IMF /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 54th
| Gini = 26.4 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year = 2013
| Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=WB1&gt;{{cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title= Gini index |publisher= [[World Bank]] |accessdate= 21 November 2015 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archivedate= 9 February 2015 |df= dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI = 0.788 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2014&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report |year=2015 |accessdate=14 December 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319110553/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |archivedate=19 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 56th
| currency = [[Kazakhstani tenge|Tenge]] (₸)
| currency_code = KZT
| time_zone = [[Time in Kazakhstan|West{{\}}East]]
| utc_offset = [[UTC+05:00|+5]]{{\}}[[UTC+06:00|+6]]
| utc_offset_DST = 
| time_zone_DST = 
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = +7-6xx, +7-7xx
| cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.kz]] |[[.қаз]]}}
| area_magnitude = 1 E12
| country_code = KAZ
}}
'''Kazakhstan''': si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Qasaagstaan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Ҷумҳурии, translation. Qazaqstan Jamhuuriyadda Afqanistaan, Republic of Kazakhstan, waa waddanka ugu ballaaran adduunka, iyo sagaalaadkii ugu weynaa adduunka, oo leh qiyaastii 2,724,900 oo kilomitir (1,052,100 sq mi). Kazakhstan waa waddanka ugu weyn ee Dhexe Aasiya dhaqaale ahaan, taasoo dhalinaysa 60% GDP-ga gobolka, ugu horrayn iyada oo loo marayo warshad saliideed / gaas ah. Waxa kale oo uu leeyahay khayraadka macdanta oo ballaaran.


Kazakhstan waxay si rasmi ah u aheyd dimuqraadiyad, cilmaani, jaamacadeed, dastuuri ah oo leh dhaqamo kala duwan. Kazakhstan waxay xuduudaha la wadaagtaa Ruushka, Shiinaha, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, iyo Turkiga, iyo sidoo kale qayb weyn oo ka mid ah badda Caspian. Goobta gawaarida waxaa ka mid ah dhulal-dhuleed, steppe, taiga, canyons dhagax, buuraha, deltas, buuraha barafka lagu daboolo, iyo lamadegaanka. Kazakhstan waxaa lagu qiyaasay 18 milyan oo qof sida 2014. Marka la eego dhulkeeda ballaadhan, cufnaanta dadweynaha waxay ka mid tahay kuwa ugu hooseeya, iyada oo in ka yar 6 qof halkii kilomitir oo isku wareeg ah (15 qof halkii sq). Caasimaddu waa Astana, halkaasoo laga soo qaaday 1997 oo ka timid magaalada Alaska ee magaalada ugu weyn.
Xuduudda Giriiggu waxay taariikh ahaan ku nool yihiin reer miyiga Turkiga kuwaas oo raadinaya awoowo ay u lahaayeen waddammo badan oo Turkiga ah sida Turkic Khaganate iwm. Qarnigii 13aad, dhulku wuxuu ku biiray Boqortooyada Midowday ee ku taal Genghis Khan. Qarnigii 16aad, Kazakhstan waxay u muuqatay koox gooni ah, oo loo qaybiyay seddex moos (laanta aabaha ee ku yaal dhulal gaar ah). Ruushka waxay bilaabeen in ay ka hor tagaan bartamaha Kazakhstan 18-aad, iyo qarniyadii 19-aad, waxay si toos ah u xukumeen dhammaan gawaarida oo qayb ka ah Boqortooyada Ruushka. Ka dib 1917 Ruushka Ruushka, iyo dagaalkii sokeeye ee xigay, dhul-beereedka waxaa la sameeyay dhowr jeer. Sanadkii 1936-kii, waxaa loo doortay Jamhuuriyadda Soofiyeeti ee Soofiyeeti, qayb ka mid ah Midowga Soofiyeeti.
'''Kasakhstan''' ama '''jamhuuriyadda kaskhastan''' waa wadan ween oo [[Dhax kujir]] ah, waa wadanka 9aad oo ugu ween aduunka.kasakhstan waxee ku taalaa galbeedka [[Aasiya]].

== Tixraacyo ==
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;/&gt;
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
      <sha1>f8gt6u8snvpu4h5kcma80lmvu6q9nnp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kirgistan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>39618</id>
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      <text bytes="7747" sha1="azs9bpmuw37x8s10jye1wwi543tidrj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| coordinates = {{Coord|42|52|N|74|36|E|type:city}}
| languages_type = [[Official language]]s&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |title=Constitution |publisher=[[Government of Kyrgyz Republic]] |quote=&lt;br/&gt;Article 5&lt;br/&gt;1. The state language of the Kyrgyz Republic shall be the Kyrgyz language.&lt;br/&gt;2. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian language shall be used in the capacity of an official language.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriya Qargiska
| native_name = {{native name|ky|Кыргыз Республикасы|italics=off}}&lt;br/&gt;{{native name|ru|Республика Кыргызстан|italics=off}}
| image_flag = Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg
| image_coat = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg
| common_name = Kyrgyzstan
| symbol_type = Emblem
| national_anthem = &lt;br/&gt;Кыргыз Республикасынын Мамлекеттик Гимни &lt;br&gt;''[[National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic|Kyrgyz Respublikasının Mamlekettik Gimni]]''&lt;br/&gt;{{small|''National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic''}}&lt;br/&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National Anthem of Kyrgyzstan.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Kyrgyzstan (orthographic projection).svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color= green}}
| capital = [[Bishkek]]
| largest_city = capital
| languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]] {{small|(national and official)}} |[[Russian language|Russian]] {{small|(official)}}}}
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
  | 73.0% [[Kyrgyzs|Kyrgyz]]&lt;ref name=number/&gt;
  | 14.6% [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]]
  |  6.0% [[Russians|Russian]]
  |  6.4% others
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2016
| demonym = Kyrgyzstani&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kg.html Kyrgysztan] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kg.html |date=20151127011116 }} in the CIA [[World Factbook]].&lt;/ref&gt;
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Kyrgyzstan|President]]
| leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Sooronbay Jeenbekov]]}}
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Muhammetkaliy Abulgaziyev]]
| legislature = [[Supreme Council (Kyrgyzstan)|Supreme Council]]
| established_event1 = [[Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast|Kara-Kirghiz AO]]
| sovereignty_type = [[History of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)|Independence]] {{nobold|from the [[Soviet Union]]}}
| established_event2 = [[Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic|Kirghiz SSR]]
| established_date1 = 14 October 1924
| established_event3 = Independence declared
| established_date2 = 5 December 1936
| established_event5 = Recognized
| established_date3 = 31 August 1991
| established_date5 = 25 December 1991
| established_event4 = [[Alma-Ata Protocol|CIS full membership]]
| established_date4 = 21 December 1991
| established_event6 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 736|Admitted to the]] [[United Nations]]
| established_date6 = 2 March 1992
| established_event7 = [[Constitution of Kyrgyzstan|Current constitution]]
| established_date7 = 27 June 2010
| area_km2 = 199,951
| area_rank = 85th &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--&gt;
| area_sq_mi = 77,181 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water = 3.6
| population_estimate = 6,019,480&lt;ref name=number&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.stat.kg/ru/opendata/category/312/| title=Национальный состав населения (оценка на начало года, человек) | publisher=stat.kg}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census = 5,362,800
| population_estimate_year = 2016
| population_estimate_rank = 110th
| population_census_year = 2009
| population_density_km2 = 27.4
| population_density_rank = 176th
| population_density_sq_mi = 71 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| GDP_PPP = $22.639 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=56&amp;pr.y=17&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2022&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=917&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title= Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |work = World Economic Outlook Database |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_rank = 
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3,653&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal = $7.061 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,139&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| Gini = 27.4
| Gini_year = 2012
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=WB1&gt;{{cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title= Gini index |publisher=[[World Bank]] |accessdate= 12 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI = 0.664 &lt;!--number only, between 0 and 1--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2016 &lt;!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=
http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2016|date=2017|quote=Table 1: Human Development Index and its components|publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 120th
| currency = [[Kyrgyzstani som|Som]]
| currency_code = KGS
| time_zone = [[Kyrgyzstan Time|KGT]]
| utc_offset = +6
| utc_offset_DST = 
| time_zone_DST = 
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[+996]]
| iso3166code = KG
| cctld = [[.kg]]
| religion = [[Islam]], [[Christianity]] (&lt;small&gt;[[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]])&lt;/small&gt;
| area_magnitude = 1 E11
}}
'''Qargistan''' (Кыргызстан) [[Rush]] ahaan, Waa dal ku yaala Eshiyada dhaxe waxa ay xad la leedahay [[shiinaha]], [[Tajakistan]],[[uzbakistan]] iyo [[Qasagistan]], Magaala madaxdeedu waa Bashkik.
[[1991]] waxa ay ka xuroowday Midowgii soofiyeet.
Ruush: Kirgiziya [kʲɪrɡʲizʲɪjə] ama Kyrgyzstan [kɨrɡɨstan] Kiriqiyaanka 

Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Waxaa ka xayiray Kazakhstan, waqooyiga, Uzbekistan, dhanka galbeed iyo koonfur galbeed, dalka koonfur galbeed iyo Shiinaha oo ku yaalla bariga, magaaladeeda iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Bishkek.
Taariikhda diiwaangalinta ee Kyrgyzstan ayaa ku jirta 2,000 oo sanno, waxa ku jira dhaqanno kala duwan iyo boqortooyooyin. Inkastoo juquraafi ahaan ay go'doomiyeen dhulalkoodii aadka u sarreeyay, taas oo gacan ka gaysatay ilaalinta dhaqankeedii qadiimiga ahayd, Kyrgyzstan waxay ku jirtay isbeddelada dhowr quraan oo waaweyn oo qayb ka ah waddooyinka Waddooyinka iyo jidadka kale ee ganacsiga iyo dhaqanka. In kasta oo ay muddo dheer ku nooleyd qabaa'il madaxbannaan iyo qabaa'illimo, haddana Kyrgyzstan ayaa si ku-meel-gaar ah u dhacday xukunka shisheeye isla markaana ay u dhalatay dawlad qaran-dawlad kaliya ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeedka 1991-kii.
Tan iyo markii madax-bannaanida, Kyrgyzstan waxay si rasmi ah u ahaan jirtey jamhuuriyad baarlamaan oo midaysan, inkastoo ay sii wado in ay adkeyso isku dhacyada qowmiyadda, kacdoonka, dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale, Kyrgyzstan waa xubin ka mid ah Dawlada Federaalka Ku-Meel Gaarka ah, Ururka Midowga Yurub, Ururka Iskaashiga Amniga Wadajirka, Ururka iskaashiga Shiinaha, Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka, Golaha Turkiga, Beesha Türksoy iyo Qaramada Midoobay.
Qowmiyadaha qowmiyadaha kala duwan ee reer galbeedka waxay ka kooban yihiin 6 milyan oo qof. Giriiggu wuxuu aad ugu dhow yahay luuqadaha kale ee Turkiga, inkastoo Ruushku uu si ballaaran u hadlay oo uu yahay luqad rasmi ah, oo ah dhaxal qarnigii Ruushka ah. Inta badan dadka ayaa ah muslimiin aan diin ku lahayn. Marka laga soo tago asalkiisa Turkiga, dhaqanka Kiristaanka wuxuu ka kooban yahay qaybo ka mid ah saamiga Farsiga, Mongolian, iyo Ruushka.
==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gambia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5427</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307747</id>
      <parentid>307617</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T00:24:49Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Soalt</username>
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      <text bytes="23284" sha1="bhp72bxyhd5oged2of9kqcgbh59xl9n" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Gambia
| common_name            = Gambia
| image_flag             = Flag of The Gambia.svg
| flag_type              = [[Calanka Gambia|Calan]]
| religion_year          = 2024
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of The Gambia.svg
| symbol_type            = [[Astaanta Qaranka ee Gambia|Astaanta Qaranka]]
| national_motto         = &quot;Horumar, Nabad, iyo Barwaaqo&quot;
| national_anthem        = &quot;[[For The Gambia Our Homeland]]&quot;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.5em;&quot; class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File:For The Gambia Our Homeland (instrumental).ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;
| image_map              = Gambia (orthographic projection with inset).svg
| map_caption            = Goobta ay Gambia (cagaarka madow) ku taal galbeedka Afrika
| image_map2             = 
| capital                = [[Banjul]]
| largest_settlement_type = aagga caasimadda
| largest_settlement     = [[Serekunda]]
| official_languages     = [[Luqadda Ingiriisiga|Ingiriis]]&lt;!-- Until official sources state otherwise, this should not be changed. See the Talk page. --&gt;
| languages_type         = [[Luqadda qaranka|Luqadaha qaranka]]
| languages              = {{collapsible list|bullets=y|title={{nobold|Liiska:}}
 |[[Luqadda Mandinka|Mandinka]]
 |[[Luqadda Pulaar|Pulaar]]
 |[[Luqadda Wolof|Wolof]]
 |[[Luqadda Serer|Serer]]
 |[[Luqadaha Jola|Jola]]
 |[[Luqadda Ingiriisiga|Ingiriis]]
 |[[Luqadaha Balanta|Balanta]]
 |[[Carabi]]
 |[[Luqadda Jola-Fonyi|Jola-Fonyi]]
 |[[Luqadda Mandjak|Mandjak]]
 |[[Luqadda Mankanya|Mankanya]]
 |[[Luqadda Noon|Noon]]
 |[[Luqadda Dyula|Dyula]]
 |[[Luqadda Soninke|Soninke]]
 |[[Luqadda Fula|Fula]]
 |[[Luqadda Karon|Karon]]
 |[[Luqadda Kassonke|Kassonke]]
 |[[Luqadaha Cangin|Cangin]]
 |[[Luqadda Dhaqdhaqaaqa Gacanta ee Gambia]]}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{unbulleted list
 |34.4% [[Dadka Mandinka|Mandinka]]
 |25.0% [[Dadka Fula|Fula]]
 |15.4% [[Dadka Wolof|Wolof]]
 |9.5% [[Dadka Jola|Jola]]
 |8.2% [[Dadka Soninke|Soninke]]
 |2.9% [[Dadka Serer|Serer]]
 |4.6% kuwa kale&lt;ref name=2019-2020Census&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gambia-the/#:~:text=People%20and%20Society-,Population,Demographic%20profile |title=2024 Gambia report by the CIA: Spatial Distribution |publisher=The CIA |last=National Population Commission Secretariat |date=2019–2020 |website=Gambia Bureau of Statistics |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103134831/https://www.gbos.gov.gm/uploads/census/2013/Spatial-distribution-report_%20Final.pdf |archive-date=3 January 2018 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gbosdata.org/data/40-population-and-household-characteristics/1653-population-total|website=The Gambia Bureau of Statistics|title=Population - Total - GBoS|access-date=16 February 2025|archive-date=11 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511134924/https://www.gbosdata.org/data/40-population-and-household-characteristics/1653-population-total|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| ethnic_groups_year     = Tirakoobka Dadka iyo Guryaha ee 2024
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=CIA&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gambia-the/ |title=The World Factbook: Gambia, The |website=CIA |access-date=7 December 2023 |archive-date=3 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403011250/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gambia-the/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym                = Reer Gambia
| government_type        = Midaysan [[Nidaamka madaxtooyada|jamhuuriyad madaxtooyo]]
| leader_title1          = [[Madaxweynaha Gambia|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1           = [[Adama Barrow]]
| leader_title2          = [[Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Gambia|Madaxweyne ku-xigeen]]
| leader_name2           = [[Muhammad B. S. Jallow]]
| leader_title3          = [[Liiska guddoomiyayaasha Golaha Qaranka ee Gambia|Guddoomiyaha Golaha Qaranka]]
| leader_name3           = [[Fabakary Tombong Jatta]]
| leader_title4          = [[Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Gambia|Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]]
| leader_name4           = [[Hassan Bubacar Jallow]]
| legislature            = [[Golaha Qaranka ee Gambia|Golaha Qaranka]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[Madaxbannaanida]]
| established_event1     = ka timid [[Boqortooyada Midowday]]
| established_date1      = 18 Febraayo 1965
| established_event2     = kala diristii [[Xiriirka Senegambia]]
| established_date2      = 30 Sebtember 1989
| area_km2               = 11,300&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gambia-the/#geography |title=Gambia, The |date=28 February 2023 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=25 February 2023 |archive-date=3 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403011250/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gambia-the/#geography |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_rank              = 159aad&lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
| area_sq_mi             = 4,007&lt;!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --&gt;
| percent_water          = 11.5
| population_census      = 2,422,712&lt;ref name=&quot;GBoS 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://gambia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/2024-09/Preliminary%20Report%20of%20the%202024%20Census%20in%20The%20Gambia_0.pdf |title=The Gambia 2024 Population and Housing Census: Preliminary Report |date=August 2024 |publisher=Gambian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=18 June 2025 |archive-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322190104/https://gambia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/2024-09/Preliminary%20Report%20of%20the%202024%20Census%20in%20The%20Gambia_0.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census_year = 2024
| population_census_rank = 142aad
| population_density_km2 = 227
| population_density_sq_mi = 425.5&lt;!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --&gt;
| population_density_rank = 51ad
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $11.050 bilyan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (The Gambia) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en |access-date=11 February 2026 |archive-date=12 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012102316/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2026
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 166aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $3,820&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (The Gambia) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en |access-date=11 February 2026 |archive-date=12 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012102316/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 175ad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $2.670 bilyan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (The Gambia) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en |access-date=11 February 2026 |archive-date=12 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012102316/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2026
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 185aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $924&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (The Gambia) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en |access-date=11 February 2026 |archive-date=12 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012102316/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 180ad
| Gini                   = 35.9 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2015
| Gini_change            = hoos u dhac
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref name=Gini&gt;{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?end=2015&amp;locations=GM&amp;start=2015&amp;view=bar |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Data |publisher=World Bank |access-date=21 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421232414/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?end=2015&amp;locations=GM&amp;start=2015&amp;view=bar |archive-date=21 April 2018 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.524&lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year               = 2023 &lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = kor u kac &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[Barnaamijka Horumarinta ee Qaramada Midoobay]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 170ad
| currency               = [[Dalasi-ga Gambia|Dalasi]]
| currency_code          = GMD
| utc_offset             = ±00:00
| time_zone              = [[Wakhtiga Greenwich|GMT]]
| calling_code           = [[+220]]
| iso3166code            = GM
| cctld                  = [[.gm]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|13|27|00|N|16|34|30|W|type:city|display=inline,title}}
| religion               = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
 |95.7% [[Islaamka ka jira Gambia|Islaam]]
 |4.2% [[Masiixiyadda ka jirta Gambia|Masiixiyad]]
 |0.1% kuwa kale
 }}
| today                  = 
| p1                     = 
| flag_p1                = Flag of The Gambia.svg
| p2                     = 
}}

'''Gambia''', si rasmi ahna loo yihaahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Gambia''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://gambia.gov.gm/gambia-app/about-gambia/ |title=About The Gambia |publisher=The Gambia Government |access-date=2026-04-28 |archive-date=29 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429211308/https://gambia.gov.gm/gambia-app/about-gambia/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|[[Luqadda Mandinka|Mandinka]]: ''Kambiya'' {{lang|nqo|ߞߊߡߓߌߦߊ}}; {{langx|wo|Gámbi}}, {{langx|ff|Gammbi}}, {{langx|srr|Gambi}}; {{langx|ar|غامبيا/جامبيا}}}} waa dal ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Dhanka juqraafiga, Gambia waa [[Liiska waddamada Afrika marka loo eego baaxadda dhulka|dalka ugu yar]] ee ku yaal qaaradda Afrika;{{refn|group=lower-alpha|[[Cape Verde]], [[Mauritius]], [[São Tomé and Príncipe]], iyo [[Seychelles]], oo ah dalka ugu yar Afrika, waa [[gasiirado]].}} waxayna xudduud la leedahay [[Senegal]] dhinac kasta marka laga reebo qaybta galbeed, oo ay xaddiddo [[Badweynta Atlaantigga]].&lt;ref name=Hoare&gt;Hoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A–Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publications. p. 11. {{ISBN|0-7534-5569-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhulkeedu wuxuu ku yaallaa labada dhinac ee marinnada hoose ee [[Webiga Gambia]], kaas oo dhex mara badhtamaha dalka oo ku shuba Atlaantigga. Webiga dalka magaca u bixiyay wuxuu xaddidaa qaabka dheer ee dalka, kaas oo leh baaxad dhul oo gaaraysa {{convert|11300|km2|sqmi}} iyo dad gaaraya 2,422,712 oo qof markii la sameeyay Tirakoobkii 1-dii Maajo 2024&lt;ref name=GBoS&gt;Tirakoobka Dadka iyo Guryaha ee Gambia ee 2024&lt;/ref&gt; kaas oo ah 30.45% kor u kac dadka ah tan iyo 2013. Caasimaddu waa jasiiradda [[Banjul]], oo hore loogu aqoon jiray Bathurst xilligii gumeysiga, taas oo ah [[aagga caasimadda]] ee ugu ballaaran dalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Banjul |title=Banjul &amp;#124; national capital, The Gambia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803020622/https://www.britannica.com/place/Banjul |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn waa [[Serekunda]] iyo [[Brikama]]. Magaalooyinka kale ee muhiimka ah waa Kanifing iyo Farafenni oo ku yaal bankiga waqooyi, Basse oo ku taal Gobolka Upper River, iyo Soma oo ku taal gobolka lower river.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=the standard |date=February 11, 2015 |title=Farafenni named among Africa's booming town}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ganacsatada [[Carabta Muslimiinta ah]] waxay ganacsi la wadaagi jireen dadka u dhashay Galbeedka Afrika ee deggan Gambia, iyadoo loo marayo nidaam loo yaqaanno ganacsiga dhex-mara Saxaraha, iyagoo isticmaalaya nidaamka wax-weydaarsiga. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii 9-aad iyo 10-aad, Islaamka waxaa Galbeedka Sudan u soo bandhigay ganacsatadii Carabta. Sannadkii 1455, [[Boortaqiiska]] waxay noqdeen reer Yurubkii ugu horreeyay ee soo gala Gambia, in kasta oo aysan marnaba ka samaysan ganacsi muhiim ah halkaas. [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] waxay samaysatay gumeysi sannadkii 1765.&lt;ref&gt;Hughes, Arnold (2008) ''Historical Dictionary of the Gambia''. Scarecrow Press. p. xx. {{ISBN|0-8108-6260-3}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1965, 200 sano ka dib, Gambia waxay heshay madaxbannaani iyadoo uu hoggaaminayo [[Dawda Jawara]]. Jawara wuxuu sii ahaa madaxweynaha, isagoo ku guuleystay dhowr doorasho, ilaa markii uu xukunka ka tuuray [[Yahya Jammeh]] [[Inqilaab aan dhiig ku daadan|inqilaab aan dhiig ku daadan]] 22-kii Luulyo, 1994.

[[Adama Barrow]] waxaa loo doortay madaxweynaha saddexaad ee Gambia bishii Diseembar 2016; Wuxuu kaga guuleystay [[Yahya Jammeh]] caawinta isbahaysi ay lahaayeen xisbiyada kale ee mucaaradka siyaasadda.&lt;ref name=Wiseman&gt;{{cite book |last=Wiseman |first=John A. |year=2004 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC&amp;pg=PA456 |title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004 |edition=33rd |chapter=The Gambia: Recent History |publisher=Europa |page=456 |isbn=978-1-85743-183-4 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jammeh bilowgii wuxuu aqbalay natiijooyinka, laakiin haddana wuxuu diiday inuu xafiiska ka dego isagoo sheegay in la khiyaaneeyay, taas oo kicisay [[Xiisadda dastuuriga ah ee Gambia ee 2016–2017|xiisad dastuuri ah]]. [[Beesha Dhaqaalaha ee Galbeedka Afrika]] (ECOWAS) [[Faragelinta ciidan ee ECOWAS ee Gambia|waxay sameeyeen faragelin ciidan]] waxayna ku guuleysteen ka saarista Jammeh laba maalmood ka dib markii uu dhammaaday muddo-xileedkiisii rasmiga ahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/21/anxious-gambians-await-former-president-yahya-jammeh-departure |title=Yahya Jammeh leaves the Gambia after 22 years of rule |last=Maclean |first=Ruth |date=21 January 2017 |work=The Guardian |access-date=17 May 2017 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516194615/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/21/anxious-gambians-await-former-president-yahya-jammeh-departure |archive-date=16 May 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Agrees&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/01/gambia-yahya-jammeh-agrees-step-170120184330091.html |title=Gambia's Yayah Jammeh confirms he will step down |date=20 January 2017 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121003151/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/01/gambia-yahya-jammeh-agrees-step-170120184330091.html |archive-date=21 January 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite news |last=Ramsay |first=Stuart |title=Former Gambia leader Yahya Jammeh flies into political exile |publisher=Sky News |date=22 January 2017 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/former-gambia-leader-yahya-jammeh-flies-out-of-country-10738348 |access-date=23 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812125748/https://news.sky.com/story/former-gambia-leader-yahya-jammeh-flies-out-of-country-10738348 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |url-status=live}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Munaasabad dhaarinta ah oo ka dhacday safaaradda Gambia ee ku taal Dakar, Senegal, 19-kii Janaayo 2017, Adama Barrow wuxuu si rasmi ah u noqday madaxweynaha Gambia.

Dhaqaalaha Gambia waxaa inta badan xukuma beeraha, kaluumeysiga, iyo gaar ahaan dalxiiska. Sannadkii 2022, 17.2% dadka waxay ku noolaayeen [[saboolnimo ba'an]], oo lagu qeexay inay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar US$2.15 (2017 [[Iibsashada awoodda isbarbardhigga|PPP]]) maalintii.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}} Gambia waa xubin aasaasi ah oo ka tirsan ECOWAS. Waxay dib ugu biirtay [[Barwaaqo-sooranka]] sannadkii 2018 ka dib markii ay markii hore ka baxday 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Gambia rejoins the Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/news/gambia-rejoins-commonwealth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728053646/https://thecommonwealth.org/news/gambia-rejoins-commonwealth |archive-date=2024-07-28 |access-date=2022-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Luqadda Ingiriisiga|Ingiriisiga]] waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee keliya ee dalka; waxay noqotay mid si weyn loo isticmaalo intii lagu guda jiray xukunkii Ingiriiska.

== Asalka magaca ==
Magaca &quot;Gambia&quot; wuxuu ka yimid ereyga [[Luqadda Mandinka|Mandinka]] ee ''Kambra''/''Kambaa'', oo la dhihi karo waa [[Webiga Gambia]]. (Waxay kaloo ka timid ereyga muqaddaska ah ee [[Dadka Serer|Serer]] ee ''gamba'',&lt;ref&gt;Allen Meagher, Andrew Samuel, Baba Ceesay, National Council for the Arts and Culture (Gambia), ''Historic Sites of The Gambia: Ada Dinkiralu (Mandinka), Bereb-I-Chosan (Wolof), Tarica Tawal (Fula), Nannin (Jola), Soninke Ada (Serehuli), I-Mofan Chosan (Serer): an Official Guide to the Monuments and Sites of the Gambia'', National Council for the Arts and Culture, 1998, pp. 1, 24.&lt;/ref&gt; oo ah [[durbaan]] laga sameeyay [[galaas]] kaas oo la garaaco marka oday Serer ah uu dhinto.)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Mwakikagile |first1=Godfrey |author1-link=Godfrey Mwakikagile |title=The Gambia and Its People: Ethnic Identities and Cultural Integration in Africa |date=2010 |publisher=New Africa Press |isbn=978-9987-16-023-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZL7wIvRlXSwC&amp;pg=PA141 |page=141 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sahamiyayaashii Boortaqiiska]], oo soo gaaray gobolka qarnigii 15-aad, waxay qaateen nooc ka mid ah magacan maxaliga ah, kaas oo markii dambe loo beddelay ''Gambia'' intii lagu guda jiray [[Gumeysigii iyo Maxmiyaddii Gambia|xukunkii gumeysiga Ingiriiska]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MandinkaOrigin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=Arnold |last2=Perfect |first2=David |title=A political history of The Gambia, 1816-1994 |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory0000hugh |date=2006 |publisher=University of Rochester Press |location=Rochester, NY |isbn=978-1-58046-682-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/politicalhistory0000hugh/page/12 12]–14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markii ay qaadatay madaxbannaanida sannadkii 1965, dalku wuxuu isticmaalay magaca ''The Gambia''. Ka dib markii lagu dhawaaqay jamhuuriyad sannadkii 1970, magaca dheer ee dalka wuxuu noqday ''Jamhuuriyadda Gambia''.&lt;ref name=cons1996&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1952/GMB48490.pdf |title=Constitution of the Republic of the Gambia |date=1996 |access-date=29 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204142049/http://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1952/GMB48490.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2016 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gambia waa mid ka mid ah labada dal ee kaliya ee qodobka cayiman ee &quot;the&quot; si rasmi ah loogu isticmaalo magacooda gaaban ee luqadda Ingiriisiga, dalka kale waa [[Bahamas]]; si ka duwan Bahamas, qoraalka weyn ayaa loo isticmaalaa qodobka marka la qorayo &quot;The Gambia&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cons1996&quot; /&gt;{{efn|[[El Salvador]], oo Isbaanish ahaan u taagan &quot;Badbaadiyaha&quot;, waxay sidoo kale u isticmaashaa qodobka cayiman magaceeda.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Geoghegan |first=Tom |date=7 June 2012 |title=Ukraine or the Ukraine: Why do some country names have 'the'? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-18233844 |access-date=23 February 2023 |quote=[A]ccording to several authoritative sources, such as the CIA World Factbook, the ''Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World'' and the US Department of State, only two countries, the Bahamas and the Gambia, should officially be referred to with the article. |archive-date=30 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130150639/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-18233844 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sannadkii 1964, waxyar ka hor madaxbannaanida dalka, Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Dawda Jawara]] wuxuu u qoray [[Guddiga Joogtada ah ee Magacyada Juqraafiga ee Isticmaalka rasmiga ah ee Ingiriiska]] isagoo ka codsaday in magaca ''the Gambia'' uu sii haysto qodobka cayiman, qayb ahaan si loo yareeyo jahwareerka kala dhexayn kara [[Zambia]] oo iyaduna dhowaan noqotay mid madaxbannaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Alfa Shaban |first1=Abdur Rahman |title=Why Africa's 'smiling coast' is officially referred to as 'The' Gambia |url=https://www.africanews.com/2017/01/19/why-africa-s-smiling-coast-is-referred-to-as-the-gambia// |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=Africa News |date=19 January 2017 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013024/https://www.africanews.com/2017/01/19/why-africa-s-smiling-coast-is-referred-to-as-the-gambia/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maamulkii [[Yahya Jammeh]] wuxuu u beddelay magaca dheer ''Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Gambia'' bishii Diseembar 2015.&lt;ref name=E1&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.europe1.fr/international/la-gambie-sautoproclamme-etat-islamique-2635109 |title=La Gambie s'autoproclame 'État islamique' |date=13 December 2015 |publisher=Europe 1 |language=fr |access-date=14 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214051037/http://www.europe1.fr/international/la-gambie-sautoproclamme-etat-islamique-2635109 |archive-date=14 December 2015 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; 29-kii Janaayo 2017 Madaxweynihii cusub ee la doortay [[Adama Barrow]] wuxuu magaca dib uogu soo celiyay ''Jamhuuriyadda Gambia''.&lt;ref name=&quot;abr&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Adegun |first=Aanu |date=29 January 2017 |title=Adama Barrow removes 'Islamic' title from Gambia's name |url=https://www.naij.com/1085177-adama-barrow-removes-islamic-gambias-name.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129123855/https://www.naij.com/1085177-adama-barrow-removes-islamic-gambias-name.html |archive-date=29 January 2017 |access-date=31 January 2017 |newspaper=Naij }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/01/gambia-president-adama-barrow-pledges-reforms-170128194124520.html |title=The Gambia: President Adama Barrow pledges reforms |date=28 January 2017 |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131012508/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/01/gambia-president-adama-barrow-pledges-reforms-170128194124520.html |archive-date=31 January 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Awdalka Maldiif</title>
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      <text bytes="2434" sha1="l9d52r2vp480c03h3k7b46tovefx2yg" xml:space="preserve">{{Coord|3.20|73.22|display=title}}
[[File:Flag_of_Maldives.svg|thumb|Calanka Jasiirada Maldiif]]
[[File:Malosmadulu_Atolls,_Maldives.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]]
'''Jasiirada Maldiif''' waa wadan [[jasiirad]] ah, oo ku taalo, [[Badweynta Hindiya]].
jasiirada Maldiif waa wadanka ugu yar [[Aasiya]].Waana dawlad Islaam ah oo inta badan dadka kunooli waa Muslim. Wadanka Maldiif waxa mudo gaadhaysa 78 sano soo Xukumaayay [[Midowga boqortooyada Britan]] waxa ay maaldiif madaxbanaanideeda qaadatay sanadkii 1965.

Wadanka Maaldiif waa xubin kamida ah Ururka [[Komonwels]].

== Taariikh ==
Waxa ay sheegayaan Daraasadaha lagu sameeyaay luqada iyo caadaadka wadankaasi in dadakaasi ay  soo gaadheen taariikhdu markii ay ahayd, 300 Kahor Dhalashaddii [[Ciise]] C.S waxa kale oo ay daraasadaahi sheegaaan in dadakaasi ay ka yimaadeen Dhanka qaarada [[Aasiya]] waxa ay ahaayeen Ugaadhsadayaal Kadib waxa ay dageen Jasiiradaha Maldiif. wadanka Maldiif waxa
uu [[Islaam]] ku Gaadhay Sanadkii 1156 ee taariikhda dhalashada Nibi Ciise C.S.waxan filayaa waxbaa ka qaldan taariikhdan

==Xubin== 
* [[Qaramada Midoobay]]
* [[IORA]]

==Waddamaha degaan {{PAGENAME}}==
* {{Flag|India}}'''Hindustan'''1,251,000+


* {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 12+

== Tsunami ==         
Maalintii 26-Diseembar-2004 kadib markii uu Dhul gariir baaxad wayn lihi uu ku dhuftay baddawaynta Hindiya waxaa Wadanka Maldiif jiidhay majado [[Tsunami]]ah waxa ka badbadaaday kaliya 9 jasiiradood halka 56 Jasiiradood ay qar qoomeen waxaa halkaas ku dhintay dada gaadhaya ilaa 108 qof.

== Siyaasadda ==
Siyaasadda jamhuuriyada maldiif waa mid kusalaysan jamhuuriyada madaxwayne leh doorashada madaxwaynihu waxa ay dhacdaa 5 sanaba mar.
                   
== Cimilada ==
[[Badweynta Hindiya]] ayaa saamayn aad u wayn ku yeelatey Cimilada jasiiradaha Maldiif,mar marka qaarkood waxayira xaraarada iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa jawiga halkaas oo marmarka qaarkood la dareemo hawo xidhan darajada xaraardu waxa ay u dhaxaysaa inta badan sanadkii 24 ilaa 33 darajo.

==Sido kale fiiri==
[[File:RZ.Maldives sign language.jhwh.png|thumb|290px|[[Luuqadda Calaamadaha ee Maldives]] ([https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/ilaaha-runta-ah-yuu-yahay/ Waa maxay magaca Ilaah? Yehowah])]]

* [[Luuqadda Calaamadaha ee Maldives]]
* [[Jasiirada Maldiif visa Dalalka]]

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]
{{commons|Maldives}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Qatar</title>
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    <id>5595</id>
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      <text bytes="12273" sha1="8ct0k31dq7jp4gttfpod2smnwpdv401" xml:space="preserve">{{Dalalka                        
|native_name                   = Qatar&lt;br /&gt;''قطر'' 
|conventional_long_name        = 
|common_name                   = Qatar
|qaaradda                       = [[Bariga Dhexe]]
|sawir_calan                   = Flag of Qatar.svg
|image_map                     = Qatar (orthographic projection)-Blue version.svg
|astaan_calan                  = [[Astaanta Calanka Qatar|As salaam al amiir]]
|image_map                     = LocationQatar.png
|caasimadda                    = [[Dooxa]]
|luuqadaha                     = [[Af-Carabi]]
|caasimada                     = [[Dooxa]]  
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_rank = 1
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $23,425&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF database 2018&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal = $ 120 Billion Dollar &lt;ref name=&quot;IMF database 2018&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_rank =  
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $44,550&lt;ref name=&quot;IMF database 2018&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =  
|Dawladda                      = Qatar
|darajo_hogaamiye1             = [[Al-Amiir]]                 
|darajo_hogaamiye2             =  [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] 
|magac_hogaamiye1              = [[Shiikh Xamdiin Khaliifat Al-thaanii]]
|magac_hogaamiye2              = [[Xamdiin bin Jaasim bin Jiber Al-thaanii]]
|sovereignty_type              = '''Ka xoroobey'''
|sovereignty_note              = qoomiyadihii tar tamaayay iyo [[Ingiriis]]ka oo si nuuc kale ula dhaqmay
|established_event1            = Taariikhda
|established_date1             = 18 [[Diseembar]], [[1971]] 
|area                          = 11,437 km2
|areami²                       = 4,415km2
|biyo                          = micno la aan
|population_estimate           =2,675,522
|population_estimate_year      = 2016
|lacagta                       = [[Riyaal qatar]] 
|Magaca internetka             = &amp;nbsp;[[.so]]
|wakhti                        = [[waqtiga bariga dhexe]]
|furaha_debedda		       = 974
|footnote1                     = 
}}
'''Qatar''' ama '''Qadar''' ( {{lang-ar|قطر}}), waa dal ku yaalla galbeedka [[Aasiya]] , Xudduudda dhul ee keliya waxay la leedahay  Boqortooyada [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] ee koonfurta, iyadoo inta kale ee dhulkeeda ku xeeran Gacanka Beershiya . Gacanka Baxreyn , oo ah marinka Gacanka Beershiya, wuxuu kala saaraa Qatar iyo Baxrayn oo u dhow .
Horraantii 2017, tirada guud ee dadka Qatar waxay ahayd 2.6 milyan: 313,000 oo muwaadiniin Qatar ah iyo 2.3 milyan qurbajoog ah .&lt;ref name=pop&gt;{{cite web |url=http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/ |title=Population of Qatar by nationality – 2017 report |access-date=7 February 2017 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=25 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053320/http://priyadsouza.com/population-of-qatar-by-nationality-in-2017/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Islaamku waa diinta rasmiga ah ee Qatar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Constitution|url=http://english.mofa.gov.qa/details.cfm?id=80|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041024231923/http://english.mofa.gov.qa/details.cfm?id=80|archive-date=24 October 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marka la eego dakhliga , waddanku wuxuu leeyahay GDP -da saddexaad ee ugu sarreeya (PPP) qofkiiba adduunka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true|access-date=2020-07-28|website=data.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo kan lixaad ee ugu sarreeya GNI qofkiiba (Atlas method) . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true|access-date=2020-07-28|website=data.worldbank.org|archive-date=2020-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728213153/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; QM waxay Qatar ku tilmaamtay inay tahay wadan horumarka biniaadamka aad u sarreeya, iyadoo ku jirta kaalinta saddexaad ee HDI ee dunida Carabta ka dib imaaraatka s iyo Sucuudiga .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2019 Human Development Index Ranking {{!}} Human Development Reports|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|access-date=2020-07-28|website=hdr.undp.org|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430080741/http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Qadar waxaa soo xukumay aqalka Thani tan iyo markii Maxamed bin Thani uu heshiis la saxiixday Ingiriiska 1868 kaas oo lagu aqoonsaday maqaamkeeda gooni ah. Ka dib xukunkii Cusmaaniyiinta , Qatar waxay noqotay maxmiyad Ingiriis horraantii qarnigii 20aad illaa ay xorriyadda qaadatay 1971.

==IMF==
'''0.15%'''
==Xubin==
* [[IMF]] 
* [[Bankiga Aduunka]] 
* [[Jaamacada Carabta]] 
* [[Qaramada Midoobay]]

==Waddanmaha La deggan Qatar==

* {{Flag|Bahrain}}:50,000+

* {{Flag|Oman}}:30,000+

* {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}:120,000+

* {{Flag|Kuwait}}:20,000+

* {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}:50,000++


Sannadkii 2003, dastuurka ayaa si aqlabiyad leh loogu ansixiyay afti dadweyne, iyadoo ku dhowaad 98% ay taageersan yihiin. &lt;ref name=&quot;electionguide.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.electionguide.org/results.php?ID=341|title=IFES Election Guide – Elections: Qatar Referendum Apr 29 2003|website=www.electionguide.org|access-date=5 June 2017|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=13 Bisha Shanaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513193632/http://www.electionguide.org/results.php?ID=341|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;princeton.edu&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/qatar2003.html|title=Qatar 2003|website=www.princeton.edu|access-date=5 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010092106/https://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/qatar2003.html|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qarnigii 21aad, Qadar waxay u muuqatay inay awood weyn ku leedahay dunida carabta labadaba iyada oo loo marayo kooxdeeda war baahinta adduunka, Al Jazeera Media Network , waxaana lagu soo waramayaa inay taageertay dhowr jabhadood dhaqaale ahaan xilligii Kacdoonkii Carabta.. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Dagher |first=Sam |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204002304576627000922764650 |title=Tiny Kingdom's Huge Role in Libya Draws Concern |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=17 October 2011 |access-date=30 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://politicsandpolicy.org/article/qatar-rise-underdog |title=Qatar: Rise of an Underdog |publisher=Politicsandpolicy.org |access-date=30 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610115944/http://politicsandpolicy.org/article/qatar-rise-underdog |archive-date=10 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Ian Black in Tripoli |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/26/qatar-troops-libya-rebels-support |title=Qatar admits sending hundreds of troops to support Libya rebels |publisher=Theguardian.com |access-date=30 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

kubada cagta aduunka FIFA World Cup 2022 ayaa lagu qaban doona dalka Qatar, taasoo ka dhigeysa dalkii ugu horreeyay ee Muslim iyo Carab ah oo martigeliya munaasabadda. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/599599/Amir-2022-World-Cup-Qatar-a-tournament-for-all-Ara |title=Amir: 2022 World Cup Qatar a tournament for all Arabs |date=15 July 2018 |work=Gulf Times|access-date=7 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Cayaaraha Aasiya 2030]] ayaa lagu qaban doona dalka Qatar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/doha-2030-asian-games-riyadh-2034-qatar-saudi-arabia|title=Doha to host 2030 Asian Games as Riyadh gets 2034 edition|date=2020-12-17|work=sportspromedia.com|access-date=2021-02-04|language=en|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428172035/https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/doha-2030-asian-games-riyadh-2034-qatar-saudi-arabia|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Taariikh==

Deganaanshaha biniaadamka ee Qatar wuxuu soo jiray ilaa 50,000 oo sano ka hor&lt;ref name=&quot;cs1&quot;/&gt;
Sanadkii 224 miilaadiga, Boqortooyadii Sasaaniya waxay la wareegtay dhulalkii ku hareeraysnaa gacanka Beershiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Cadène|first=Philippe|title=Atlas of the Gulf States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSSzAQAAQBAJ|publisher=BRILL|year=2013|isbn=978-9004245600|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;Qadar waxay door ku yeelatay dhaqdhaqaaqa ganacsi ee Sasanid, waxay ku biirisay ugu yaraan laba badeecadood: luul qaali ah iyo midab [[cirdhow]] ah. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/gulf/qatar-history.htm|title=Qatar – Early history|publisher=globalsecurity.org|access-date=17 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intii uu jiray xukunkii Sasanid, dad badan oo ka mid ah dadkii deganaa Bariga Carabta waxaa lagu bari jiray diinta kirishtaanka ka dib markii masiixiyiintii Mesobotaamiya ee bariga ku fidiyeen&lt;ref name=&quot;gillman&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gillman|first1=Ian|last2=Klimkeit|first2=Hans-Joachim|title=Christians in Asia Before 1500|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGpr2KsbS94C|publisher=University of Michigan Press|pages=87, 121|year=1999|isbn=978-0472110407}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Kaniisado ayaa la dhisay iyo degsiimooyin dheeri ah ayaa la aasaasay xilligan. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Commins|first=David|title=The Gulf States: A Modern History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T56CBAAAQBAJ|publisher=I. B. Tauris|page=16|year=2012|isbn=978-1848852785}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Habibur Rahman, p. 33&lt;/ref&gt;  Intii lagu jiray qaybtii dambe ee xilligii Masiixiyiinta, Qatar waxay ka koobnayd gobol loo yaqaan 'Beth Qatraye' ( Syriac oo loogu talagalay &quot;guriga dadka reer Qatar&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.aub.edu.lb/communications/media/Documents/May_2011/grant-syriac-EN.pdf|title=AUB academics awarded $850,000 grant for project on the Syriac writers of Qatar in the 7th century AD|publisher=American University of Beirut|date=31 May 2011|access-date=12 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528053210/http://www.aub.edu.lb/communications/media/Documents/May_2011/grant-syriac-EN.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gobolku kuma koobnayn Qadar; waxaa kale oo ka mid ahaa [[Baxrayn]] , [[Jasiirada Tarout]] , [[Al-Khatt]], iyo [[Al-Hasa]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Kozah|first1=Mario|last2=Abu-Husayn|first2=Abdulrahim|last3=Al-Murikhi|first3=Saif Shaheen|title=The Syriac Writers of Qatar in the Seventh Century|publisher=Gorgias Press LLC|year=2014|page=24|isbn=978-1463203559}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Markuu ahaa sanadka 628, nabi Muxammad csw wuxuu ergay muslimiin ah u diray taliye ka tirsan bariga carabta oo la yiraahdo [[Munzir bin Sawa Al Tamimi]] wuxuuna ka codsaday in isaga iyo dadka ay xukumaanba ay qaataan diinta islaamka. Munzir wuu ku qasbay codsigiisa, sidaa awgeed, inta badan qabiilooyinka carbeed ee gobolka ayaa qaatay diinta Islaamka. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.maritimeheritage.org/ports/bahrain.html|title=Bahrain|publisher=maritimeheritage.org|access-date=17 January 2015}}{{better source needed|date=June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qaadashada diinta islaamka kadib, waxaa dhacday Boqortooyadii Sasaaniya.
===Xilligii Islaamka ee hore iyo kii dambe (661–1783)===
Qadar waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahayd xarun caan ku ah faraska iyo dhaqashada geela xilligii [[Umawiyiinta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;rahman&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Rahman|first=Habibur|title=The Emergence Of Qatar|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|page=34|isbn=978-0710312136}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Qarnigii 8aad, waxay bilowday inay ka faa'iideysato booskeeda istiraatiijiyadeed ee ganacsi ee gacanka Beershiya waxayna u gudubtay inay noqoto xarun laga ganacsado luul.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A political chronology of the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCSOT0_JAnwC|publisher=Routledge / Europa Publications|year=2001|page=192|isbn=978-1857431155}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kogan&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Page|first=Kogan|title=Middle East Review 2003–04: The Economic and Business Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78ACLNgHdf4C|publisher=Kogan Page Ltd|page=169|year=2004|isbn=978-0749440664}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
==Sido Kale fiiri==
* [[Oman]]
* [[Kuwayt]]
==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[category:qadar]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Barunay</title>
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{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Qaranaha Beruuney Daarasalaam
|image_flag = Flag of Brunei.svg
|}}
'''Barunay''' ama '''Brunei''' ( [[Af-Jawi]] بروني دارالسلام ,[[af malay]] Negara Brunei Darussalam), waa wadan ku yaalo jasiirada [[Borneo]] ee dhinaca woqooyi bari ee qaarada [[Aasiya]], waxaa ku wareegan wadamada [[Sarawaaq]] iyo [[Malaysiya]]. wadanka waa wadan aad u taajirsan, waxoo leeyahy saliid aad u badan iyo shidaal. wadanka waxoo ka mid yahay wadamada ugu taajirsan qaarada aasiya. Dawladda Barunay canshuur kama qaado shacabkeeda, lacagta soo gasho Dawladda waxee ka imaataa canshuurta Saliida. wadanka waxoo leeyahay dhakhaatiir lacag la'aan ah, cuntada iyo guryaha neh lacagtooda aad ayoo u jabanyahay, Dawladda neh wee kabtaa ama ku caawisaa. wadanka waxaa ka taliyo [[Suldaan]] ama boqortooyo diimeed. Ninka Suldaan ka ah wadanka Brunei waa [[Xassanal Bolqiya]], suldaanka waxoo doortaa wasiir lataliye ah oo ku caawiyo shaqada oo qabanaayo. Suldaanka waa ninka ugu taajirsan aduunka, laakiin badanaa dadka qaarkood weeka xanaaqaan taajirnimadaas saaidka ah, ayaga oo rabo in ee ayaga neh helaan nolol fiican. Dhaqaalaha xoogan oo wadanka ka jirto, waxee soo jiidatay ajaanib gaar ahaan qaxootiga shiinaha.

== Jawiga ==
Barunay waa wadan roob badan ka da'o, waxaana ka baxo geedo aad u badan. kuleelka dhex dhexaadka barunay kama badno 26 ilaa 28° sanadka oo dhan. aadna looga dareemayo qanınimada iyo isku fillaashada aan caadiga eheyn.

 ||'06 Xaqiiqooyin Xiiso Leh Oo Ku Saabsan Brunei'||

[01.] Waxay hoy u tahay degsiimada ugu weyn adduunka. Kampong Ayer wuxuu ka kooban yahay 42 tuulo, oo ay ku xiran yihiin 38-km (23-mile) boodh socod ah. [02.]Brunei waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah qiimaha lahaanshaha baabuur ee ugu sarreeya adduunka Marka loo eego cilmi baaris ay sameeyeen Xiriirka Gawaarida ASEAN, waxaa jira 721 baabuur 1,000kii qof ee Brunei. [03.] Waxay leedahay boqortooyo dhammaystiran. 


[04.] Waxa ay leedahay daarta ugu weyn adduunka Suldaanka Brunei sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu taajirsan adduunka waxaana lagu qiyaasaa 20 bilyan US dollar.[05.] Inkastoo ay le'eg tahay, waxay hoy u tahay duurjoogta la yaabka leh Waxay noqon kartaa mid yar, laakiin Brunei waxay hoy u tahay kala duwanaanshiyaha noole ee quruxda badan. 70% dalka waxaa ku badan kaymo roobeed, inta badana waa la ilaaliyaa. 

[06.] Waxa ay leedahay kayd shidaal iyo gaas badan Brunei waxay ku raaxaysanaysaa mid ka mid ah heerarka nolosha ee ugu sarreeya adduunka iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay qulqulka joogtada ah ee saliidda iyo gaasta.


[[Category:Aasiya]]

* https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araplar
* https://bigseventravel.com/interesting-facts-brunei/
* https://www.tripsavvy.com/facts-about-brunei-1458495{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* https://www.factsinstitute.com/countries/facts-about-brunei/
* https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }}
* https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }}
* https://kidadl.com/fun-facts/interesting-brunei-facts-that-you-probably-didn-t-know {{Wayback|url=https://kidadl.com/fun-facts/interesting-brunei-facts-that-you-probably-didn-t-know |date=20220212045416 }}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kameroon</title>
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      <text bytes="9388" sha1="s3bh0d7wk27smcon84dqs56pbps5e5r" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Cameroon
| common_name = Cameroon
| native_name = {{native name|fr|République du Cameroun}}
| image_flag = Flag of Cameroon.svg
| alt_flag = Vertical tricolor (green, red, yellow) with a five-pointed gold star in the center of the red.
| image_coat = 
| symbol_type = Coat of arms
| national_motto = &lt;br/&gt;{{native phrase|fr|&quot;Paix – Travail – Patrie&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|&quot;Peace – Work – Fatherland&quot;}}
| national_anthem = &lt;br/&gt;{{native phrase|fr|[[O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers|Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres]]|nolink=yes}}&lt;br/&gt;{{raise|0.2em|({{Lang-en|&quot;O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers&quot;}}) }}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt; &lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Location Cameroon AU Africa.svg
| alt_map = Location of Cameroon on the globe.
| image_map2 = Cameroon - Location Map (2013) - CMR - UNOCHA.svg
| capital = [[Yaoundé]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|3|52|N|11|31|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = [[Douala]]
| official_languages = [[English language|English]]&lt;br&gt;
[[French language|French]]| ethnic_groups = {{vunblist
 | {{nowrap|31% [[Ethnic groups in Cameroon|Cameroon Highlanders]]}}
 | 19% [[Bantu peoples|Equatorial Bantu]]
 | 11% [[Kirdi]]
 | 10% [[Fula people|Fulani]]
 | 8% [[Bantu peoples|Northwestern Bantu]]
 | 7% Eastern Nigritic
 | 13% other African
 | &lt;1% non-African
 }}
| demonym = Cameroonian
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[presidential system|presidential republic]] under an [[totalitarian]] [[dictatorship]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Cameroon|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Paul Biya]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Cameroon|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Philémon Yang]]
| legislature = [[Parliament of Cameroon|Parliament]]
| upper_house = [[Senate (Cameroon)|Senate]]
| lower_house = [[National Assembly (Cameroon)|National Assembly]]
| sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from [[France]]}}
| established_event1 = Declared
| established_date1 = 1 January 1960
| established_event2 = {{nowrap|Union with former&lt;br/&gt;[[British Cameroons]]}}
| established_date2 = 1 October 1961
| area_km2 = 475,442
| area_rank = 53rd &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] sourced from the UN--&gt;
| area_sq_mi = 183,569
| percent_water = 0.57 
| population_estimate = 
| population_census = 17,463,836&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rapport de présentation des résultats définitifs |url=http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/downloads/Rapport_de_presentation_3_RGPH.pdf |format=PDF |page=6 |publisher=Institut national de la statistique |accessdate=21 July 2012 |language=French |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=13 Bisha Sideedaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813123335/http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/downloads/Rapport_de_presentation_3_RGPH.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 56th &lt;!-- ''[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006.htm World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision Population Database]''. 2006. United Nations Population Division.--&gt;
| population_census_year = 2005
| population_density_km2 = 39.7
| population_density_sq_mi = 102,8 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 167th &lt;!--UN World Population Prospects--&gt;
| GDP_PPP = $81.535&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=61&amp;pr.y=1&amp;sy=2017&amp;ey=2021&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=622&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=Cameroon |publisher=International Monetary Fund}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3,358&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal = $29.547&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,217&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;/&gt;
| Gini = 44.6 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year = 2007
| Gini_change = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |title=Distribution of family income – Gini index |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=1 September 2009 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=13 Bisha Lixaad 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005439/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.518 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2015&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 153rd
| currency = [[Central African CFA franc]]
| currency_code = XAF
| time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]]
| utc_offset = +1
| utc_offset_DST = 
| time_zone_DST = 
| drives_on = Right
| calling_code = [[+237]]
| cctld = [[.cm]]
| footnote_a = These are the titles as given in the ''Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon'', Article X ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228030033/http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Cameroon.pdf |date=28 February 2006 |title=English }} and {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228030033/http://www.prc.cm/instit/consti.htm |date=28 February 2006 |title=French }} versions). 18 January 1996. The French version of the song is sometimes called {{lang|fr|Chant de Ralliement}}, as in Swarovski Orchestra (2004). ''National Anthems of the World''. Koch International Classics; and the English version &quot;O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers&quot;, as in [[#DeLancey|DeLancey and DeLancey]] 61.
}}
'''Kamiruun''' ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Kamiruun''' waa wadan ku yaalo Central [[Afrika]]. Wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Jad]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], [[Ikweetiga Guinea]], [[Gabon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo‎]].Cameroon (Faransiiska: Cameroon), si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Cameroon (Faransiiska: République du Cameroun), waa waddan ku yaal galbeedka iyo Bartamaha Afrika. Waxaa xuduud u leh Nigeria dhanka galbeedka iyo waqooyiga; Chad ilaa waqooyi bari; Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika; iyo Equatorial Guinea, Gabon iyo Jamhuuriyada Congo koonfurta. Xeebaha Cameroon waxay ku yaalaan Bight of Biafra, qayb ka mid ah Gacanka Guinea iyo Badweynta Atlantic. Inkasta oo Cameroon aysan ahayn waddan xubin ka ah ECOWAS, joqoraafi ahaan iyo taariikh ahaanba waxa ay ku taala Galbeedka Afrika iyadoo la yiraahdo Camerons Koonfureed oo hadda ka dhigaysa Waqooyi-galbeed iyo Koofurta Koonfureed oo leh taariikh xooggan oo Afrikaan ah. Wadanka waxaa mararka qaar loo yaqaanaa Galbeedka Afrika iyo waqtiyo kale oo Bartamaha Afrika ah sababtoo ah mawqifkiisa istaraatiijiga ah ee isgoysyada u dhaxeeya Galbeedka iyo Bartamaha Afrika.

Faransiiska iyo Ingiriisku waa luqadaha rasmiga ah ee Kameroon. Wadanka waxaa badanaa lagu magacaabaa &quot;Africa in minestras&quot; oo ku saabsan kala duwanaanta juqraafiga iyo dhaqanka. Noocyada dabiiciga ah waxaa ka mid ah xeebaha, lamadegaanka, buuraha, xayawaanka roobka, iyo savannas. Dhulka ugu sarreeya ee ku dhawaad ​​4,100 mitir (13,500 ft) waa Buur Cameroon oo ku taal Gobolka Koonfureed ee dalka, magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ku nool magaalooyinka Douala ee Wuuri, waa caasimad dhaqaale iyo dekedda muhiimka ah, Yaoundé, iyo Garoua. Waddanka ayaa si fiican u yaqaan asalkiisa muusikada, gaar ahaan makossa iyo bikutsi, iyo kooxda kubada cagta ee guulaha badan.

Dadka deggan degaannada hore waxaa ka mid ahaa ilaalada Sao oo ku yaala Harada Chad iyo Beeraha Beeraha ah ee ku yaalla koonfurta-bari ee xiga. Sahamiyeyaasha Bortuqiisku waxay gaadheen xeebta qarnigii 15aad waxaana lagu magacaabay aagga Rio dos Camarões (Waddada Shrimp), oo noqday Kameroon Ingiriisi. Askarta Fulani waxay aasaaseen Emirate-ka Adamawa ee waqooyiga qarnigii 19-aad, kooxo qowmiyadeed oo ka tirsan galbeedka iyo waqooyi-galbeed waxay sameeyeen madax-weynaan iyo fondoms. Kameroon waxay noqotay xarun jarmal ah sanadkii 1884 loo yaqaano Kamerun.

Kadib Dagaalkii Dunida Kadib, dhulku waxaa loo kala qaybiyay Faransiiska iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska sida Laanta Qaramadda Midawga. Ururka Midawga Afrika ee u dooda xuquuqda aadanaha (UPC) ayaa ku dooday madaxbannaanida, laakiin waxaa mamnuucay France sannadkii 1950-kii, taasoo keentay in Cameroonian Independence War la dagaalanta kooxaha Faransiiska iyo UPC tan iyo horraantii 1971. 1960-kii, qaybta Faransiisku maamusho ee Cameroon wuxuu noqday madax-bannaan sida Jamhuuriyadda Cameroun ee ku hoos jira madaxweynaha Ahmadou Ahidjo. Qaybta koonfureed ee British Cameroons ayaa la wadaagay 1961-kii si loo dhiso Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Cameroon. Xiriirinta waxaa laga tegey 1972-dii. Dalka waxaa loo magacaabay Jamhuuriyadda Midowday ee Cameroon sanadkii 1972 iyo Jamhuuriyada Cameroon sanadkii 1984. Cameroon waxay la kulantaa xasillooni siyaasadeed iyo mid bulsho. Tani waxay u ogolaatay horumarinta beeraha, wadooyinka, tareenada iyo warshadaha waaweyn ee batroolka iyo warshadaha. 
==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[Yawunde]]

=Tixraac=
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Benin</title>
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| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Benin
| native_name            = {{Native name|fr|République du Bénin}}&lt;!--This parameter is only for official languages--&gt;
| common_name            = Benin
| image_flag             = Flag of Benin.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Benin.svg
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File: Benin (orthographic projection with inset).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File: Location Benin AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}}
| map_caption            = 
| image_map2             = 
| national_motto         = {{vunblist|{{Native name|fr|&quot;Fraternité, Justice, Travail&quot;|italics=off|nolink=yes}}}}
| englishmotto           = Fraternity, Justice, Labour
| national_anthem        = {{Native name|fr|[[L'Aube nouvelle]]|nolink=yes}}&lt;br /&gt;&quot;The New Dawn&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;[[File:L'Aube Nouvelle.ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;
| official_languages     = [[Faransiiska|Faransiis]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/benin/#people-and-society |title=Benin |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229152613/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/benin/#people-and-society |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages_type         = [[Luuqad qaran|Luuqadaha qaranka]]
| languages              = {{collapsible list|bullets=y|title={{nobold|Liiska:}}
|
| [[Carabi]]
| [[Ingiriisi]]
| [[Aguna (luuqad)|Aguna]]
| [[Adja (luuqad)|Aja]]
| [[Alada (luuqad)|Alada]]
| [[Fon (luuqad)|Fon]]
| [[Gbe (luuqadaha)|Gbe]]
| [[Gen (luuqad)|Gen]]
| [[Gun (luuqad)|Gun]]
| [[Pherá (luuqad)|Pherá]]
| [[Phla (luuqad)|Phla]]
| [[Tofin (luuqad)|Tofin]]
| [[Tɔli (luuqad)|Tɔli]]
| [[Waci (luuqad)|Waci]]
| [[Berba (luuqad)|Berba]]
| [[Kabiye (luuqad)|Kabye]]
| [[Lama (luuqad)|Lama]]
| [[Lukpa (luuqad)|Lukpa]]
| [[Mbelime (luuqad)|Mbelime]]
| [[Mossi (luuqad)|Mossi]]
| [[Nateni (luuqad)|Nateni]]
| [[Ngangam (luuqad)|Ngangam]]
| [[Tammari (luuqad)|Tammari]]
| [[Tem (luuqad)|Tem]]
| [[Waama (luuqad)|Waama]]
| [[Yom (luuqad)|Yom]]
| [[Kwa (luuqadaha)|Kwa]]
| [[Chakosi (luuqad)|Chakosi]]
| [[Foodo (luuqad)|Foodo]]
| [[Ede (luuqad)|Ede]]
| [[Ifè (luuqad)|Ifè]]
| [[Mokole (luuqad) (Benin)|Mokole]]
| [[Yoruba (luuqad)|Yoruba]]
| [[Yoruboid (luuqadaha)|Yoruboid]]
| [[Bariba (luuqad)|Bariba]]
| [[Dendi (luuqad)|Dendi]]
| [[Fula (luuqad)|Fula]]
| [[Hawsay|Hawsa]]}}
| demonym                = {{hlist|Beninese}}
{{hlist|Beninoise}}
| ethnic_groups          = {{vunblist|38.4% [[Fon (dadka)|Fon]]|15.1% [[Adja (dadka)|Adja]] iyo [[Gen (luuqad)|Mina]]|12% [[Yoruba (dadka)|Yoruba]]|9.6% [[Bariba (dadka)|Bariba]]|8.6% [[Fula (dadka)|Fula]]|6.1% [[Tammari (dadka)|Ottamari]]|4.3% [[Yoa-Lokpa (dadka)|Yoa-Lokpa]]|2.9% [[Dendi (dadka)|Dendi]]|2.8% kale}}
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2013&lt;ref name=&quot;insae-bj.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=PRINCIPAUX INDICATEURS SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIQUES ET ECONOMIQUES |url=https://www.insae-bj.org/images/docs/insae-statistiques/enquetes-recensements/RGPH/1.RGPH_4/Indicateurs-et-Projetcions/Principaux%20Indicateurs%20projections%20Preface%20RGPH4.pdf |website=www.insae-bj.org |publisher=INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA STATISTIQUE ET DE L'ANALYSE ECONOMIQUE |language=fr |access-date=14 December 2019 |archive-date=18 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918231011/https://www.insae-bj.org/images/docs/insae-statistiques/enquetes-recensements/RGPH/1.RGPH_4/Indicateurs-et-Projetcions/Principaux%20Indicateurs%20projections%20Preface%20RGPH4.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religion               = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
 | 52.2% [[Masiixiyadda ee Benin|Masiixiyad]]
 | 24.6% [[Islaam]]
 | 17.9% [[Diimaha Dhaqanka ee Afrika|diimaha dhaqanka]]
 | 5.2% [[Diin la'aan]]
 | 0.1% kale}}
| religion_year          = 2020
| religion_ref           = &lt;ref name=&quot;PEW-GRF&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/benin/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=2020 |title=Religions in Benin {{pipe}} PEW-GRF |access-date=17 April 2021 |archive-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017154104/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/benin/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=2020 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| capital                = [[Porto-Novo]]
| largest_city           = [[Cotonou]]
| government_type        = Jamhuuriyad [[Nidaamka madaxweynaha|madaxweyne]] oo midaysan
| leader_title1          = [[Madaxweynaha Benin|Madaxweyne]]
| leader_name1           = [[Romuald Wadagni]]
| leader_title2          = [[Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Benin|Madaxweyne ku-xigeen]]
| leader_name2           = [[Mariam Chabi Talata]]
| legislature            = [[Golaha Shacabka (Benin)|Golaha Shacabka]]
| sovereignty_type       = Madaxbannaani
| sovereignty_note       = ka timid Faransiiska
| established_event1     = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dahomey]] oo laga dhex aasasay [[Aasaska Faransiiska]]
| established_date1      = 11 Diseembar 1958
| established_event2     = Madaxbannaani
| established_date2      = 1 Agoosto 1960
| established_event3     = 
| established_date3      = 
| area_rank              = 100aad
| area_km2               = 114763
| area_sq_mi             = 
| area_footnote          = &lt;ref name=AS2010&gt;{{Cite report |date=2012 |title=Annuaire statistique 2010 |language=fr |url=http://www.insae-bj.org/annuare-statistique.html?file=files/publications/annuel/Annuaire%20statistique%20%20INSAE%202010.pdf |publisher=[[Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique|INSAE]] |page=49 |access-date=17 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091201/http://www.insae-bj.org/annuare-statistique.html?file=files%2Fpublications%2Fannuel%2FAnnuaire%20statistique%20%20INSAE%202010.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| percent_water          = 0.4%
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 13,754,688&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite CIA World Factbook |country=Benin |access-date=24 September 2022 |year=2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_rank = 77aad
| population_estimate_year = 2022
| population_density_km2 = 94.8
| population_density_rank = 98aad
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $76.510 bilyan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (Benin) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en |access-date=14 February 2026 |archive-date=12 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012102316/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 137aad
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2026
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $4,980&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (Benin) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en |access-date=14 February 2026 |archive-date=12 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012102316/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 163aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $27.450 bilyan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (Benin) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en |access-date=14 February 2026 |archive-date=12 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012102316/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 141aad
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2026
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,790&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (Benin) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] October, 14 2025 |language=en |access-date=14 February 2026 |archive-date=12 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012102316/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2025/10/14/world-economic-outlook-october-2025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 163aad
| Gini_year              = 2021
| Gini_change            = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini                   = 34.4 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?name_desc=false |title=World Bank Open Data |access-date=8 October 2024 |archive-date=26 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250826090816/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?name_desc=false |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI_year               = 2023&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = increase&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI                    = 0.515 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/BEN |access-date=25 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812054834/https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/BEN |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 173aad
| currency               = [[Frankiga CFA ee Galbeedka Afrika]]
| currency_code          = XOF
| country_code           = 
| time_zone              = [[Wakhtiga Galbeedka Afrika|WAT]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| time_zone_DST          = 
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| date_format            = dd/mm/yyyy
| drives_on              = right
| calling_code           = [[+229]]
| cctld                  = [[.bj]]
| footnote_a             = [[Cotonou]] waa xarunta dowladda.
| today                  = 
}}
'''Benin''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-Benin-pronunciation.ogg|b|ɛ|ˈ|n|iː|n}} {{respell|ben|EEN}}, {{IPAc-en|b|ᵻ|ˈ|n|iː|n}} {{respell|bin|EEN}};&lt;ref&gt;{{cite EPD|18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{langx|fr|Bénin}} {{IPA|fr|benɛ̃||audio=Fr-Bénin.ogg}}}} si rasmi ahna loo guidhiyo '''Jamhuuriyadda Benin''',{{efn|{{langx|fr|République du Bénin}}}} oo markii hore loo yaqaanay '''Dahomey''',&lt;ref name=nyt1975&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 December 1975 |title=Dahomey Announces Its Name Will Be Benin |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/01/archives/dahomey-announces-its-name-will-be-benin.html |access-date=16 September 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916200353/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/01/archives/dahomey-announces-its-name-will-be-benin.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; waa dal ku yaala [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Benin waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Togo]] xagga galbeed, [[Nigeria]] xagga bari, [[Burkina Faso]] xagga waqooyi-galbeed, iyo [[Niger]] xagga waqooyi-bari. Inta badan dadkeedu waxay ku nool yihiin xeebta koonfureed ee [[Bight of Benin]], oo ka mid ah [[Gacanka Guinea]] ee qaybta ugu xigta waqooyiga kulaylaha ee [[Badweynta Atlaantik-ga]].&lt;ref name=&quot;HughesHughes1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=R. H. |last2=Hughes |first2=J. S. |title=A Directory of African Wetlands |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |page=301 |access-date=12 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508163425/https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC |archive-date=8 May 2016 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Caasimaddu waa [[Porto-Novo]], [[xarunta dowladduna]] waxay ku taal [[Cotonou]], oo ah magaalada ugu dadka badan isla markaana ah caasimadda dhaqaalaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2|{{cite journal |last1=Dossou |first1=Krystel M.R. |last2=Gléhouenou-Dossou |first2=Bernadette |date=2007 |title=The vulnerability to climate change of Cotonou (Benin): the rise in sea level |journal=Environment and Urbanization |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=65–79 |doi=10.1177/0956247807077149 |bibcode=2007EnUrb..19...65D |doi-access=free}}|{{ cite journal |title=Mapping a slum: learning from participatory mapping and digital innovation in Cotonou (Benin) |article-number=894 |translator=Alvin Harberts |doi=10.4000/cybergeo.32949 |date=2019 |journal=Cybergeo |first1=Armelle |last1=Choplin |first2=Martin |last2=Lozivit |trans-title=Mettre un quartier sur la carte: Cartographie participative et innovation numérique à Cotonou (Bénin) |doi-access=free}}
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Benin waxay ku fadhidaa dhul baaxadiisu tahay {{cvt|112,622|km2}},&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; dadkeedana sanadkii {{UN_Population|Year}} waxaa lagu qiyaasay qiyaastii {{million|{{UN_Population|Benin}}}}.{{UN_Population|ref}} Waa dal kulaylaho ah oo dhaqaalihiisu si weyn ugu tiirsan yahay beeraha iyo dhoofinta [[saliidda timirta]] iyo [[suufka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/isfp/country-information/benin/en/ |title=FAO Initiative on Soaring Food Prices |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024021730/http://www.fao.org/isfp/country-information/benin/en/ |archive-date=24 October 2012 |website=[[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] |access-date=29 June 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Major Industries in Benin |url=https://www.ariseiip.com/homepage/major-industries-in-benin/ |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Arise IIP }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 17aad ilaa qarnigii 19aad, hay'adaha siyaasadeed ee aaggaas ka jiray waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Boqortooyada Dahomey]], magaalada-gobolka ah ee [[Porto-Novo#History|Porto Novo]], iyo dawlado kale oo dhanka waqooyi xigay. Faransiiska ayaa la wareegay dhulkaas sanadkii 1894, isagoo ku daray [[Galbeedka Afrika ee Faransiiska]] sidii [[Dahomey-da Faransiiska]]. Sanadkii 1960, Dahomey waxay xorriyad buuxda ka qaadatay Faransiiska. Maadaama ay tahay [[dawlad madaxbannaan]], Benin waxay soo martay [[dawlado dimuqraadi ah]], [[gaddoomo ciidan]], iyo [[dawlado ciidan]]. Dawlad isku sheegtay [[dawlad Marxist–Leninist ah]] oo loogu magac daray [[Jamhuuriyadda Shacabka ee Benin]] ayaa jirtay intii dhexaysay 1975 iyo 1990. Sanadkii 1991, waxaa lagu beddelay Jamhuuriyadda Benin ee [[Nidaamka xisbiyada badan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ibp Usa p85&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Global Logistics Assessments Reports Handbook |volume=1: Strategic Transportation and Customs Information for Selected Countries |publisher=International Business Publications USA |date=2008 |orig-date=2015 |isbn=978-0-7397-6603-3 |page=85 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Luuqadda rasmiga ah]] ee Benin waa Faransiis, iyadoo sidoo kale loogu hadlo luuqadaha u dhashay dhulkaas sida [[Fon (luuqad)|Fon]], [[Bariba (luuqad)|Bariba]], [[Yoruba (luuqad)|Yoruba]] iyo [[Dendi (luuqad)|Dendi]]. Kooxda ugu weyn ee diimaha ee Benin, sidii ay u saadaalisay Pew Research Group ee sanadka 2020 iyadoo lagu salaynayo tirokoobkii 2010, waa [[Masiixiyadda]] (52.2%), waxana ku xiga [[Islaamka]] (24.6%) iyo [[diimaha dhaqanka ee Afrika]] (17.9%).&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW-GRF&quot;/&gt; Benin waxay xubin ka tahay [[Qaramada Midoobay]], [[Midowga Afrika]], [[Aagga Dhaqaalaha ee Dawladaha Galbeedka Afrika]], [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]], [[Aagga Nabadda iyo Iskaashiga ee Koonfurta Atlaantik-ga]], [[Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Francophonie|Francophonie]], [[Bulshada Dawladaha Sahel iyo Saxaraha]], [[Ururka Soo Saarayaasha Betroolka ee Afrika]] iyo [[Maamulka Dooxada Niger]].

==Asalka magaca==
Intii lagu guda jiray xukunkii gumeysiga Faransiiska iyo ka dib madaxbannaanidii 1 Agoosto 1960, dalka waxaa [[Beddelidda magacyada goobaha|loogu magac daray]] Dahomey, iyadoo loogu magac daray [[Boqortooyada Dahomey]]. 30 Nofeembar 1975, ka dib afgambi ciidan oo [[Marxist–Leninist]] ahaa (oona ahaa [[Afgambigii Dahomey ee 1972]]), dalka waxaa dib loogu magac daray Benin, iyadoo loogu magac daray [[Bight of Benin]], oo xuduud la leh dalka, maadaama magaca Dahomey uu si gaar ah ula xiriiray [[Fon (dadka)|Fon]] oo deganaa qaybta koonfureed ee dalka.&lt;ref name=nyt1975/&gt; Gacanka wuxuu magaciisa ka qaatay [[Boqortooyada Benin]], oo ku taal dalka hadda loo yaqaan [[Nigeria]].
==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Guyana</title>
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      <text bytes="8728" sha1="kfn2erv783ox2kqrcanbghh5obffex5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| coordinates = {{Coord|6|46|N|58|10|W|type:city}}
| leader_name2 = [[Moses Nagamootoo]]
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Iskaashatada Guyana
| image_flag = Flag of Guyana.svg
| image_coat = Coat of Arms of Guyana.svg
| common_name = Guyana
| national_motto = &quot;One People, One Nation, One Destiny&quot;
| national_anthem = ''Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National Anthem of Guyana.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Guyana (orthographic projection).svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=[[South America]] |region_color= grey }}
| capital = [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]]
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = [[Af-Ingiriisi]]
| languages_type = 
| languages = Guyanese Creole
| regional_languages =
 {{collapsible list
  |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
  |title = 9 languages
  |[[Kapóng language|Akawaio]]
  |[[Macushi language|Macushi]] |[[Waiwai language|Waiwai]] |[[Arawakan languages|Arawak]]
  |[[Patamona language|Patamona]] |[[Warao language|Warrau]] |[[Carib language|Carib]]
  |[[Wapishana people|Wapishana]] |[[Cariban languages|Arekuna]]
 }}
|languages2_type = Other languages
|languages2 =
{{collapsible list
|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
|title = 4 languages
|[[Caribbean Hindustani#Guyanese Hindustani|Guyanese Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu)]]
|[[Chinese language|Chinese]]
|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]
}}
| ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
  | 43.45% [[Indo-Guyanese|Indian]]
  | {{nowrap|30.2% [[Afro-Guyanese|Black (African)]]}}
  | 16.73% [[Multiracial|Mixed]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(including [[Dougla]]s)}}
  |  9.16% [[Indigenous peoples in Guyana|Indigenous Amerindian]]
  |  0.2% [[Portuguese Guyanese|Portuguese]] 
  |  0.19% [[Chinese Guyanese|Chinese]]
  | 0.06% [[White Caribbeans|European]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(non-[[Portuguese Guyanese|Portuguese]])}}
  |  0.01% Others &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=CHAPTER II: POPULATION COMPOSITION|url=http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf|website=StatisticsGuyana|publisher=[[Government of Guyana]]|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2018-07-10|archive-date=2011-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084856/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2002
| religion = {{vunblist |57.4% [[Christian]]| 28.4% [[Hinduism in Guyana|Hindu]]| 7.2% [[Islam in Guyana|Muslim]]| 0.5% [[Rastafari]]an| 0.1% [[Bahá'í Faith in Guyana|Bahá'í]]| 1.3% Other|0.9% Not Stated|1.4% None}}
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |access-date=2018-07-10 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084856/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym = Guyanese
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[constitution]]al [[socialist state|socialist]] [[republic]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite|article=Preamble|section=Preamble|country=the Cooperative Republic of Guyana|language=|ratified=20 February 1980|url=http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Guyana/guyana96.html|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1 = [[President of Guyana|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[David A. Granger|David Granger]]
| leader_title2 = [[List of Prime Ministers of Guyana|Prime Minister]]
| legislature = [[National Assembly (Guyana)|National Assembly]]
| established_event1 = [[Dutch colonization of the Guianas|Dutch Guiana]]
| sovereignty_type = Formation
| established_event2 = [[British Guiana]]
| established_date1 = 1667–1814
| established_event3 = [[Independence]] from the [[United Kingdom]] becoming [[Guyana (1966–1970)|Guyana]]
| established_date2 = 1814–1966
| established_event4 = Republic
| established_date3 = 26 May 1966
| established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution of Guyana|Current constitution]]}}
| established_date4 = 23 February 1970
| established_date5 = 6 October 1980
| area_km2 = 214,970
| area_rank = 83rd &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--&gt;
| area_sq_mi = 83,000 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water = 8.4
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Guyana}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 747,884&lt;ref name=&quot;2012Census&quot;&gt;[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/guyana.aspx Guyana 2012 Census] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806161129/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/guyana.aspx |date=6 August 2014 }} GeoHive– Guyana. Retrieved 2 August 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 165th
| population_census_year = 2012
| population_density_km2 = 3.502
| population_density_rank = 232nd or 8th least-densely populated in the world
| population_density_sq_mi = 9.071 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| GDP_PPP = $6.093 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2016
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $7,919&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal = $3.456 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2016
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,492&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;
| Gini = 44.5 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year = 1998
| Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;Gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |accessdate=22 July 2015 |publisher=World Bank |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archivedate=9 February 2015 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.638 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2015 &lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = steady &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title = 2016 Human Development Report |date=2016 |accessdate = 21 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 127th
| currency = [[Guyanese dollar]]
| currency_code = GYD
| time_zone = GYT (Guyana Time)
| utc_offset = -4
| utc_offset_DST =
| time_zone_DST =
| drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]]
| calling_code = [[+592]]
| cctld = [[.gy]]
| area_magnitude = 1 E11
| country_code =
|native_name=''Co-operative Republic of Guyana'' (Af-Ingiriisi)}}
'''Guyana''' (oo lagu magacaabo / ɡaɪɑːnə / ama / ɡaɪænə /), si rasmi ah '''Jamhuuriyadda Iskaashatada Guyana''', waa dawlad madaxbannaan oo ku taal waqooyiga badhtamaha Koonfurta Ameerika. Hase yeeshee, inta badan waxay ka mid tahay qayb ka mid ah gobolka Kariibiyaanka sababtoo ah xiriiro dhaqameed, taariikheed, iyo siyaasadeed oo leh dalalka kale ee Anglo Caribbean iyo Bulshada Caribbean (CARICOM). Guyana waxaa xuddun u ah Badweynta Atlantic ee waqooyiga, Brazil oo ah koonfurta iyo koonfur galbeed, Suriname ilaa bari iyo Venezuela xagga galbeedka. Iyadoo 215,000 kilomitir kilomitir (83,000 sq m), Guyana waa waddanka saddexaad ee ugu yar ee ku yaala koonfurta Ameerika ka dib Uruguay iyo Suriname.

Goobta loo yaqaano &quot;Guyana&quot; waxay ka kooban tahay dhul-gariir weyn oo woqooyi ka xigta Wabiga Amazon iyo bariga Wabiga Orinoko oo loo yaqaan &quot;dhul badan oo biyo ah&quot;. Asal ahaan asal ahaan kooxo badan oo asaliga ah, Guyana waxaa degay Dutch ka hor intaanay hoos iman xukunka ingriiska qarnigii 18aad. Waxaa lagu xukumay sida Guyaniyaanka Ingiriiska, iyada oo inta badan dhaqaalaha beeraha ilaa iyo 1950-kii. Waxay heshay xorriyad ahaan 1966-kii, waxayna si rasmi ah u noqotay Jamhuuriyadda Midawga Umadda ee 1970-kii. Dhaqanka Ingiriiska ayaa ka muuqda maamulka siyaasadeed ee dalka iyo dadka kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan Hindiya, Afrikan, Amerindian iyo kooxo kala duwan.
[[File:Guyana BMNG.png|thumb|Satellite image of Guyana from 2004]]
[[File:Golden frog Kaieteur (2).jpg|thumb|''Anomaloglossus beebei'' (Kaieteur), specific to the Guianas]]
[[File:Rurrenabaque Bolivia - The Amazon.jpg|thumb|The [[hoatzin]] is the national bird of Guyana.]]
[[File:LocationNetherlandsGuiana.png|thumb|left|A map of Dutch Guiana 1667–1814]]
[[File:Boundary lines of British Guiana 1896.jpg|thumb|left|Map of British Guiana]]
{{Coord|6|46|N|58|0|W|display=title}}
[[File:Coat of Arms of Guyana.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Flag of Guyana.svg|right|200px]]
[[File:Guyana in its region.svg|thumb|]]
'''Guyana''' ama '''Jamhuuriyadda islashaqeenta Guyana''' waa wadan ku yaalo dhinaca woqooyi bari ee qaarada [[Koonfur Ameerika]].

=Tixraac=
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Ameerikada Koonfureed}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sierra Leone</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5846</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307772</id>
      <parentid>307650</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T00:43:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
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      <text bytes="8998" sha1="mpovrqu6stlnprqlw5rtyqqzhyoaoyz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| coordinates = {{Coord|8|29.067|N|13|14.067|W|type:city}}
| languages_type = Spoken languages
| leader_name2 = {{nowrap|[[Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh]]}}
| leader_name3 = {{nowrap|[[David J. Francis (politician)|David J. Francis]]}}
| leader_name4 = {{nowrap|[[Abass Bundu]]}}
| leader_name5 = [[Abdulai Hamid Charm]]
| conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Sierra Leone
| image_flag = Flag of Sierra Leone.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg
| common_name = Sierra Leone
| symbol_type = Coat of arms
| national_motto = &quot;Unity, Freedom, Justice&quot;
| national_anthem = &quot;[[High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free]]&quot;
| image_map = Location Sierra Leone AU Africa.svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark blue |region=Africa |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=light blue |legend=Location Sierra Leone AU Africa.svg}}
| image_map2 = Sierra Leone - Location Map (2012) - SLE - UNOCHA.svg
| capital = [[Freetown]]
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = [[English Language|English]]
| languages = {{hlist |[[Temne language|Temne]] |[[Mende language|Mende]] |[[Krio language|Krio]]}}
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
  |35.5% [[Temne people|Temne]]
  |33.2% [[Mende people|Mende]]
  |6.4% [[Limba people (Sierra Leone)|Limba]]
  |4.4% [[Kono people|Kono]]
  |3.4% [[Fula people|Fula]]
  |2.9% [[Loko people|Loko]]
  |2.8% [[Koranko people|Koranko]]
  |2.6% [[Sherbro people|Sherbro]]
  |2.4% [[Mandingo people of Sierra Leone|Mandingo]]
  |1.2% [[Sierra Leone Creole people|Krio (Creole)]]
  |5.2% Other
}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2013&lt;ref name=&quot;Central Intelligence Agency 2018 – Sierra Leone&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=The World Factbook – Sierra Leone | website=Central Intelligence Agency | date=12 July 2018 | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html | access-date=30 July 2018 | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | archive-date=16 Bisha Tobnaad 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016034059/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html | dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym = Sierra Leonean
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic|Constitutional Republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Sierra Leone|President]]
| leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Julius Maada Bio]]}}
| leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Sierra Leone|Vice-President]]
| leader_title3 = [[List of heads of government of Sierra Leone|Chief Minister]]
| leader_title4 = [[Speaker of the House of Parliament of Sierra Leone|Speaker of Parliament]]
| leader_title5 = [[Chief Justice]]
| legislature = [[Parliament of Sierra Leone|Parliament]]
| established_event1 = from the [[United Kingdom]]
| sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
| established_event2 = Republic declared
| established_date1 = 27 April 1961
| established_date2 = 19 April 1971
| area_km2 = 71,740
| area_rank = 117th &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
| area_sq_mi = 27,699
| percent_water = 1.1
| population_estimate = 
| population_census = 7,075,641&lt;ref name=Stat.sl&gt;[http://www.statistics.sl/2004_pop._&amp;_hou._census_analytical_reports/2004_population_and_housing_census_report_on_projection_for_sierra_leone.pdf Official projection (medium variant) for the year 2013 based on the population and housing census held in Sierra Leone on 4 December 2004] {{Wayback|url=http://www.statistics.sl/2004_pop._%26_hou._census_analytical_reports/2004_population_and_housing_census_report_on_projection_for_sierra_leone.pdf |date=20130730173852 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730173852/http://www.statistics.sl/2004_pop._%26_hou._census_analytical_reports/2004_population_and_housing_census_report_on_projection_for_sierra_leone.pdf |date=30 July 2013 }}. statistics.sl. page 13.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census_rank = 103rd
| population_estimate_year = 
| population_estimate_rank = 103rd
| population_census_year = 2015
| population_density_km2 = 79.4
| population_density_rank = 114th&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
| population_density_sq_mi = 205.6
| GDP_PPP = $12.177&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=48&amp;pr.y=6&amp;sy=2018&amp;ey=2021&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=724&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=Sierra Leone |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=18 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,608&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal = $3.824&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $505&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
| Gini = 35.4 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year = 2011
| Gini_change = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.420 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2015&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 179th
| currency = [[Sierra Leonean leone|Leone]]
| currency_code = SLL
| time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| utc_offset = +0
| utc_offset_DST = 
| time_zone_DST = 
| drives_on = right&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
| calling_code = [[+232]]
| cctld = [[.sl]]
| footnote_a = Rank based on 2007 figures.
| footnote_b = Since 1 March 1971.
| area_magnitude = 1 E11
| country_code = 
}}
'''Sierra Leone''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Galbeed]]ka [[Afrika]]. Wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Liberia]] iyo [[Guinea]]. Caasimada wadanka waa [[Freetown]].
Sierra Leone (i) /, UK sidoo kale / Sayniska, - ˌsɪərə - /), [6] si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Sierra Leone, waa waddanka Galbeedka Afrika. Waxaa xuduud la leh Guinea ilaa waqooyi-bari, Liberia ilaa koonfur-bari iyo badhtamaha Atlantic-ka ee koonfur galbeed. Waxay leedahay cimilada kulaylaha, oo leh jawi kala duwan oo ka soo baxa Savana ilaa roobabka. Wadanku wuxuu leeyahay aag dhan 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi) iyo dad tiradoodu tahay 7,075,641 sida tirakoobka 2015.

Sierra Leone waa Jamhuuriyad dastuuri ah oo madaxweyne toos ah loo doorto iyo sharci dejin sharci ah. Sierra Leone waxay leedahay dowlad dhexe oo madaxbanaan. Madaxweynuhu waa madaxa dawladda iyo madaxa dawladda. Magaalada caasimadda ah iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Freetown. Sierra Leone waxay ka kooban tahay shan gobol oo maamuleed: Gobolka Waqooyi, Gobolka Waqooyi Galbeed, Gobolka Bari, Gobolka Koonfureed iyo Galbeedka. Gobolladaasi waxaa loo kala qaybiyey lix iyo toban degmo.

Sierra Leone wuxuu ahaa British-ka British-ka 1808 ilaa 1961. 1898-kii, madaxdii ilaalinta hooyo ee xuduudaha, inta badan waqooyiga oo uu hoggaamiyo madax weyne Bax Bureh, ee dadka ajaanibta ah iyo in la dhiso xukun madaxbannaan. Dagaalka ayaa markii dambe loo yaqaan &quot;War Cirifkii Canshuurta 1898&quot;. Dowlada Gumaysiga Ingiriiska ayaa aasaasay awood badan oo awood badan u siisay hogaamiyayaasha qabaa'ilka ee Sierra Leone Protectorate, si looga hortago kacdoon kale. Bishii Nofembar 1951, Sir Milton Margai, hogaamiyaha xisbiga Sierra Leone ee Xisbiga dadwaynaha ayaa kormeeray qoritaanka dastuur cusub, kaas oo midoobey sharci-dejiyeyaasha Gaashaanbuurta iyo Gaashaanbuurta oo ugu muhiimsanaa bixiyay qaab-dhismeed lagu xakameynayo. Sierra Leone waxay madax banaanaatay boqortooyadii Ingiriiska 27kii Abriil 1961, oo uu hogaaminayey Sir Milton Margai, oo noqday ra'iisul-wasaaraha koowaad ee wadanka. Bishii May 1962, Sierra Leone waxay qabatay doorashadii ugu horreysey oo ah qaran madaxbannaan. Hoggaamiyaha mucaaradka ee Siaka Stevens 'All People Congress (APC) ayaa ka adkaaday maamulka SLPP ee hoos timaada Sir Albert Margai hoggaanka doorashadii baarlamaanka Sierra Leone ee 1967-kii. Stevens wuxuu xukumay Sierra Leone laga soo bilaabo 1968-kii illaa 1985-kii. 1971-kii, Stevens waxa uu baabi'iyay nidaamka xukuumadda ee Sierra Leone, waxana uu ku dhawaaqay in Sierra Leone jagada madaxweyne. Sierra Leone waxay ahayd waddan hal dhinac ah laga bilaabo 1978 illaa 1985, taas oo Stevens 'APC ahayd xisbiga kaliya ee xisbiyada siyaasadeed ee dalka. Dastuurka haatan ee Sierra Leone, oo ay ka mid yihiin dimoqraadiyadda xisbiyada badan ayaa la ansixiyay sannadkii 1991-kii dawladdii Madaxweyne Yuusuf Siciid Momoh, oo bedelay Stevens. Sanadkii 1991-kii, koox mucaarad ah oo loo yaqaano Kacaanka Revolutionary Un Front oo ay hogaaminaysay ciidankii hore ee Sierra Leone ee ka tirsanaa Ururka Foday Sankoh ayaa bilaabay dagaal sokeeye oo dalka ka dhaca.

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Guinea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5847</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307748</id>
      <parentid>307618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T00:25:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
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      <text bytes="6254" sha1="hqbs792o18mvuxvyylif4i1yxhf1087" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = 
| common_name = Guinea
| native_name = Jamhuuriyada Giinya [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]&lt;br /&gt;République de Guinée [[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]
| image_flag = Flag of Guinea.svg
| image_coat =Coat of Arms of Guinea.svg
| national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|&quot;Travail, Justice, Solidarité&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|&quot;Work, Justice, Solidarity&quot;}}
| national_anthem = {{native name|fr|[[Liberté (anthem)|Liberté]]}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|''Freedom''}}&lt;br/&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:Liberté.oga]]&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Location Guinea AU Africa.svg
| map_caption = {{map caption|countryprefix=|location_color=dark blue|region=Africa|region_color=dark grey|subregion=the [[African Union]]|subregion_color=light blue}}
| image_map2 = Guinea - Location Map (2013) - GIN - UNOCHA.svg
| capital = [[Conakry]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|9|31|N|13|42|W|type:city}}
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = [[French language|French]]
| languages_type = [[Vernacular language|Vernacular&lt;br/&gt;language]]s
| languages = {{unbulleted list | [[Fula language|Fula]] | [[Mandinka language|Mandinka]] | |[[Susu language|Susu]]}}
| ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
 | 32.1% [[Fula people|Fula]]
 | 29.8% [[Mandinka people|Mandinka]]
  | 19.8% [[Susu people|Susu]]
  | 4.7% [[Kissi people|Kissi]]
  | 6.2% [[Kpelle people|Kpelle]]
  | 7.4% others&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency - CIA&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year =
| demonym = Guinean
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[presidential republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[List of heads of state of Guinea|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Mamady Doumbouya]]
| leader_title2 = [[List of heads of government of Guinea|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = Amadou Oury Bah
| legislature = [[National Assembly (Guinea)|National Assembly]]
| sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
| established_event1 = from [[France]]
| established_date1 = 2 October 1958
| area_km2 = 245,836
| area_rank = 77th &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--&gt;
| area_sq_mi = 94,926 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| percent_water = negligible
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Guinea}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 11,628,972
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 81st
| population_census_year = 2014
| population_density_km2 = 40.9
| population_density_sq_mi = 106.1 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| GDP_PPP = $26.451&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=20&amp;pr.y=6&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2022&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=656&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=Guinea |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=18 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--Do not edit!--&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,039&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt; &lt;!--Do not edit!--&gt;
| GDP_nominal = $9.183&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt; &lt;!--Do not edit!--&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $707&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt; &lt;!--Do not edit!--&gt;
| Gini = 70.3 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year = 1994
| Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref = 
|Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.414 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
| HDI_year = 2015&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change = steady&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI_ref =&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 183th
| currency = [[Guinean franc]]
| currency_code = GNF
| time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| utc_offset = +0
| utc_offset_DST =
| time_zone_DST = 
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[+224]]
| cctld = [[.gn]]
| area_magnitude = 1 E11
| population_density_rank = 164th
| country_code =
}}
{{Coord|7|32|17|N|8|29|50|W|region:GN_type:landmark|display=title}}
[[File:Flag_of_Guinea.svg|thumb|]]
'''Guinea''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Galbeed]]ka [[Afrika]]. Wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Maali]], [[Sinigaal]], [[Xeebta Foolmaroodi]], [[Sierra Leone]] iyo [[Liberia]]. Caasimada waxaa la dhahaa [[Konakri]].

Guinea (/ ɡɪni / (Ku dhawaad ​​codka maqalka)), si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Guinea (Faransiiska: République de Guinée), waa waddanka xeebta galbeed ee Afrika. Dalka Guinea waxaa lagu magacaabaa Guinea-Conakry, oo loo yaqaan 'Guinea' oo magaciisa la yiraahdo Guinea-Bissau iyo Equatorial Guinea. Guinea waxay leedahay qiyaastii 12.4 milyan iyo aag 245,860 kilomitir square ah (94,927 sq mi).

Guinea waa jamiir. Madaxweynuhu si toos ah ayuu u doortaa dadka, waana madaxa dawladda iyo madaxa dawladda. Golaha Qaranka ee Guinea ayaa ah hay'adda sharci-dejinta ee dalka, xubnaha xubnahana waxaa sidoo kale si toos ah loogu soo doortaa dadka. Waaxda garsoorka waxaa hoggaaminaya Maxkamadda Sare ee Guinea, maxkamadda ugu sareysa iyo kan ugu dambeeya ee rafcaanka dalka.

Dalka waxaa loo magacaabay gobolka Geeska Afrika. Guinea waa magac dhaqameed ee gobolka Afrika ee ku yaal Gacanka Guinea. Waxay u fidisaa waqooyiga iyada oo loo marayo gobollada gawaarida gawaarida uurka leh waxayna ku dhammaanayaan Sahel. Giriigga Guinea wuxuu si toos ah uga yimid erayga Portugal ee Guiné, kaasoo ka soo baxay qarnigii 15-aad ee ku saabsanaa dhulalka ku yaal Guineus, oo ah erey guud oo loogu talagalay dadka madowga ah ee Afrika ee ka hooseeya webiga Senegal, marka laga reebo 'tawny' Zenaga Berbers, oo ka sarreeya, oo loo yaqaan Azenegues ama Moors.


== Galerie ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Guinea_sat.png|atlas Guinea
File:Dame_de_Mali_Guinée.jpg|[[:en:fr:Mont Loura|Dame de Mali]]
File:Chute_de_Tabouna_à_Kindia_01.jpg|[[:en:fr:Chute de Tabouna|Chute de Tabouna]] à [[:en:fr:Kindia|Kindia]]
File:Chute_de_Saala_vue_à_360°_Labé.jpg|[[:en:fr:Chute de Saala|Chute de Saala]] [[:en:fr:Labé|Labé]]
File:Chimpanzé_de_Bossou_33.jpg|Chimpanzé de Bossou
File:Plage_de_Roume.jpg|Plage sur les [[:en:fr:Îles de Loos|Ile de Loos]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=Sido kale fiiri=
*[[Midowga Afrika]]

=Tixraac=
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Giinya-Bisaw</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>307749</id>
      <parentid>307620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T00:25:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
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      <text bytes="6765" sha1="mu7jjejhhe0p5w66olew6v7lpi9hsy2" xml:space="preserve">{{Coord|12|N|15|W|region:GW_dim:200000_type:country|display=title}}
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Guinea-Bissau
|native_name = {{native name|pt|República da Guiné-Bissau|fontsize=70%}}
|common_name = Guinea-Bissau
|image_flag = Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Guinea-Bissau.svg
|symbol_type = Emblem
|image_map = Location Guinea Bissau AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark blue |region=Africa |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=light blue}}
|national_motto = &lt;br/&gt;{{native phrase|pt|&quot;Unidade, Luta, Progresso&quot;|italics=off|nolink=on}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|&quot;Unity, Fight, Progress&quot;}}
|national_anthem = &lt;br/&gt;{{native name|pt|[[Esta é a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada]]|nolink=on}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|''This is Our Beloved Homeland''}}&lt;br/&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
|official_languages = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
|national_languages = [[Upper Guinea Creole]]
|demonym = Bissau-Guinean&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2110.html#pu &quot;Guinea-Bissau&quot; – Field Listing: Nationality.] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2110.html#pu |date=20150626165447 }} ''The World Factbook 2013-14.'' Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
|capital = [[Bissau]]
|ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
  | 30% [[Balanta people|Balanta]]
  | 20% [[Fula people|Fula]]
  | 14% [[Manjack people|Manjaca]]
  | 13% [[Mandinka people|Mandinga]]
  |  7% [[Papel people|Papel]]
  | &amp;gt;1% others
 }}
|latd=11 |latm=52 |latNS=N |longd=15 |longm=36 |longEW=W
|largest_city = capital
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[List of Presidents of Guinea-Bissau|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[Umaró Umbaló Sissoko]]
|leader_title2 = {{nowrap|[[List of Prime Ministers of Guinea-Bissau|Prime Minister]]}}
|leader_name2 = [[Geraldo Martins]]
|legislature = {{nowrap|[[National People's Assembly (Guinea-Bissau)|National People's Assembly]]}}
|area_rank = 136th
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|area_km2 = 36,125
|area_sq_mi = 13,948
|percent_water = 22.4
|population_estimate = 1,693,398&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html|title=The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Population - CIA|accessdate=2015-03-07|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225195601/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html%20|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_estimate_rank = 148th
|population_estimate_year = 2014
|population_density_km2 = 44.1
|population_density_sq_mi = 115.5
|population_density_rank = 154th
|GDP_PPP = $2.502 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&amp;ey=2019&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=654&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=36&amp;pr.y=17 |title=Guinea-Bissau |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=17 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_year = 2014
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,439&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal = $1.040 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2014
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $598&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|sovereignty_type = [[Guinea-Bissau War of Independence|Independence]] {{nobold|from [[Portugal]]}}
|established_event1 = Declared
|established_date1 = 24 September 1973
|established_event2 = Recognized
|established_date2 = 10 September 1974
|Gini_year = 2002
|Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini = 35 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_ref = |Gini_rank =
|HDI_year = 2013&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = steady&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.396 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_rank = 177th
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf |title=2014 Human Development Report Summary |year=2014 |accessdate=27 July 2014 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | pages=21–25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|currency = [[West African CFA franc]]
|currency_code = XOF
|country_code =
|time_zone = [[GMT]]
|utc_offset = +0
|time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST =
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+245]]
|cctld = [[.gw]]
}}

[[File:Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg|thumb|]]
'''Guinea-Bissau''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Galbeed]]ka [[Afrika]]. Wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Sinigaal]] iyo [[Guinea]]. Magaalo madaxda wadanka waa [[Bissau]].
Guinea-Bissau (oo ku saabsan dhawaaqa maqalka)), si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Guinea-Bissau (Bortuqiis: República da Guiné-Bissau), waa gobol madaxbannaan oo ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika. Wuxuu daboolayaa 36,125 kilomitir oo isku wareeg ah (13,948 sq m) oo lagu qiyaasey dad lagu qiyaasay 1,815,698. [2]
Guinea-Bissau wuxuu ahaa qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Gabu, iyo qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Mali. Qeybo ka mid ah Boqortooyadani waxay sii jirtey illaa qarnigii 18aad, iyada oo qaar ka mid ah kuwa kale ay hoos imanayeen xukumada Bortuqiiska tan iyo qarnigii 16aad. Qarnigii 19aad, waxaa loo xiray sidii Guinea Portuguese. Markii ay madaxbannaanideen 1973-dii oo la aqoonsaday sanadkii 1974-kii, magaca caasimadda, Bissau, ayaa lagu daray magaca dalka si looga hortago wareerka Guinea (oo horay loo oran jiray Faransiiska Guinea). Guinea-Bissau wuxuu leeyahay taariikh xasilooni siyaasadeed tan iyo xorriyadda, mana jiro madaxweyne la doortay oo si guul leh u adeegay muddo shan sano ah oo buuxa.
Kaliya 14% dadku waxay ku hadlaan af-noorwijiyaal, oo loo asaasay luuqad rasmi ah iyo mid qaran. Bortuqiisku wuxuu kudhisan yahay kooroole joogta ah Crioulo, oo ah bangiga oo ku hadlaya kala badh dadweynaha (44%) iyo lambar ka weynna wuxuu ku hadlaa luqad labaad. Inta soo hartay waxa ay ku hadlaan luqado afaf ah oo Afrikaan ah. Waxaa jira diimo kala duwan oo ku yaal Guinea-Bissau oo aan diin ku lahayn aqlabiyad. Xaqiiqooyinka CIA ee dunida (2018) ayaa sheegaya in ay jiraan qiyaastii 40% Muslimiinta, 22% Masiixiyiin, 15% Haweeneyda iyo 18% aan la sheegin ama kuwa kale. Qiimaha celceliska dalka oo dhan wuxuu ka mid yahay kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka.
Guinea-Bissau waa xubin ka mid ah Qaramada Midoobay, Ururka Midowga Afrika, Bulshada Dhaqaalaha ee Wadamada Galbeedka Afrika, Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka, Bulshooyinka Bariga Afqanistaan, La Francophonie iyo Aagga Nabadda iyo Iskaashiga Koonfurta Atlantic, oo xubin ka ahaa hadda Ururka Midowga Yurub.
* President: José Mário Vaz (2014)
* Prime Minister: Carlos Correia (2015)

=Tixraac=
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Dalalka Aasiya</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5881</id>
    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ku daray Tajikistan</comment>
      <origin>307731</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1820" sha1="kg9qcamv84uwhuhf1dgb4cikxm21k8a" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
| name  = Dalalka Aasiya
| state = {{{state&lt;includeonly&gt;|autocollapse&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| title = Dalalka [[Aasiya]]
| imagestyle = padding: 0 0.5em;
| image = [[File:Asia (orthographic projection).svg|100px]]
| listclass = hlist
| group1 = Dowladaha Madaxa Banaan
| list1 =
* [[Armiiniya]]
* [[Aserbiijaan]] 
* [[Afqaanistan]]
* [[Aw-badeedka Qabrus]]
* [[Bakistaan]] 
* [[Bangladesh]] 
* [[Baxrayn]] 
* [[Burma]] 
* [[Butaan]] 
* [[Brunei]]
* [[Ciraaq]] 
* [[Cumaan]] 
* [[Falastiin]] 
* [[Filibiin]] 
* [[Fiyetnam]]
* [[Hindiya]] 
* [[Imaaraatka Carabta]] 
* [[Iiraan]] 
* [[Indunisiya]]
* [[Jabaan]] 
* [[Jasiirada Maldiif]] 
* [[Joorjiya (wadan)]]
* [[Kambodiya]] 
* [[Kasakhstan]] 
* [[Kirgistan]] 
* [[Koonfur Kuuriya]] 
* [[Kuwayt]]
* [[Laos]] 
* [[Lubnaan]] 
* [[Malaysiya]] 
* [[Mongolia]]
* [[Nebal]]
* [[Qatar]]
* [[Ruushka]] 
* [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] 
* [[Shiinaha]]
* [[Singabuur]]  
* [[Siri Lanka]] 
* [[Suuriya]] 
* [[Tajikistan]]
* [[Tayland]] 
* [[Turkey]]
* [[Urdun]] 
* [[Usbekistan]] 
* [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] 
* [[Yemen]]  
* [[Taiwan]]
| group2 = Dowladaha leh aqoonsi kooban
| list2 =
* [[Abkhazia]]
* [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic|Nagorno-Karabakh]]
* [[Northern Cyprus]]
* [[South Ossetia]]


| group3 = {{longitem|ku tiirsanaanta{{nobold| iyo}}  &lt;br/&gt;
gobollada maamulka gaarka ah}}
| list3 =
 {{Navbox |child |groupstyle=font-weight:normal;
  | group1 = Australia
  | list1 =
* [[Jasiirada Khristmas]]
* [[Jasiiradaha Cocos (Keeling)]]
  | group2 = Shiinaha
  | list2 =
* [[Hong Kong]]
* [[Makaw]]
  | group3 = Midowga boqortooyada Britan iyo woqooyiga Ireland
  | list3 =
* [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]
* [[Dhulka ingiriiska ee badweynta hindiya]]
 }}

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Please add metadata to the &lt;includeonly&gt; section at the bottom of the /doc subpage --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kg9qcamv84uwhuhf1dgb4cikxm21k8a</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>307733</id>
      <parentid>307731</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-10T23:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ku daray Turkmenistan</comment>
      <origin>307733</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1839" sha1="44sjoewpjbd17nlmhnerqvehosvzcfh" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
| name  = Dalalka Aasiya
| state = {{{state&lt;includeonly&gt;|autocollapse&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
| title = Dalalka [[Aasiya]]
| imagestyle = padding: 0 0.5em;
| image = [[File:Asia (orthographic projection).svg|100px]]
| listclass = hlist
| group1 = Dowladaha Madaxa Banaan
| list1 =
* [[Armiiniya]]
* [[Aserbiijaan]] 
* [[Afqaanistan]]
* [[Aw-badeedka Qabrus]]
* [[Bakistaan]] 
* [[Bangladesh]] 
* [[Baxrayn]] 
* [[Burma]] 
* [[Butaan]] 
* [[Brunei]]
* [[Ciraaq]] 
* [[Cumaan]] 
* [[Falastiin]] 
* [[Filibiin]] 
* [[Fiyetnam]]
* [[Hindiya]] 
* [[Imaaraatka Carabta]] 
* [[Iiraan]] 
* [[Indunisiya]]
* [[Jabaan]] 
* [[Jasiirada Maldiif]] 
* [[Joorjiya (wadan)]]
* [[Kambodiya]] 
* [[Kasakhstan]] 
* [[Kirgistan]] 
* [[Koonfur Kuuriya]] 
* [[Kuwayt]]
* [[Laos]] 
* [[Lubnaan]] 
* [[Malaysiya]] 
* [[Mongolia]]
* [[Nebal]]
* [[Qatar]]
* [[Ruushka]] 
* [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] 
* [[Shiinaha]]
* [[Singabuur]]  
* [[Siri Lanka]] 
* [[Suuriya]] 
* [[Tajikistan]]
* [[Tayland]] 
* [[Turkey]]
* [[Turkmenistan]]
* [[Urdun]] 
* [[Usbekistan]] 
* [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] 
* [[Yemen]]  
* [[Taiwan]]
| group2 = Dowladaha leh aqoonsi kooban
| list2 =
* [[Abkhazia]]
* [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic|Nagorno-Karabakh]]
* [[Northern Cyprus]]
* [[South Ossetia]]


| group3 = {{longitem|ku tiirsanaanta{{nobold| iyo}}  &lt;br/&gt;
gobollada maamulka gaarka ah}}
| list3 =
 {{Navbox |child |groupstyle=font-weight:normal;
  | group1 = Australia
  | list1 =
* [[Jasiirada Khristmas]]
* [[Jasiiradaha Cocos (Keeling)]]
  | group2 = Shiinaha
  | list2 =
* [[Hong Kong]]
* [[Makaw]]
  | group3 = Midowga boqortooyada Britan iyo woqooyiga Ireland
  | list3 =
* [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]
* [[Dhulka ingiriiska ee badweynta hindiya]]
 }}

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Please add metadata to the &lt;includeonly&gt; section at the bottom of the /doc subpage --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>44sjoewpjbd17nlmhnerqvehosvzcfh</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Gabon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307746</id>
      <parentid>307616</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T00:24:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>template:Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka</comment>
      <origin>307746</origin>
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      <text bytes="6153" sha1="rrx20kcmgo8bj39ghepi1n9ex93wy8h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Gabon
|native_name = {{native name|fr|République Gabonaise|fontsize=70%}}
|common_name = Gabon
|image_flag = Flag of Gabon.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Gabon.svg
|image_map = Gabon (orthographic projection).svg
|national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|&quot;Union, Travail, Justice&quot;|italics=off|nolink=on}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|&quot;Union, Work, Justice&quot;}}
|national_anthem = 
|capital = [[Libreville]]
|latd=0 |latm=23 |latNS=N |longd=9 |longm=27 |longEW=E
|largest_city = capital
|official_languages = [[Af-Faransiis]]
|languages_type = 
|languages = 
|demonym = 
|ethnic_groups =
|ethnic_groups_year =
|government_type = 
|leader_title1= 
|leader_name1= 
|leader_title2 = 
|leader_name2 = 
|legislature = 
|upper_house = 
|lower_house = 
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|area_km2 = 267,667
|area_sq_mi = 103,347 
|area_rank = 76th
|percent_water = 3.76%
|population_estimate = 1,475,000
|population_estimate_rank = 150th
|population_estimate_year = 2009
|population_census = |population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 = 5.5
|population_density_sq_mi = 14.3 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
|population_density_rank = 216th
|GDP_PPP = $25.492 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=46&amp;pr.y=2&amp;sy=2009&amp;ey=2012&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=646&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Gabon |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=2013-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year = 2012
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $16,547&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal = $18.376 billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2012
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $11,928&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|sovereignty_type =
|established_event1 = 
|established_date1 = 
|Gini_year = |Gini_change =  |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank =
|HDI_year = 2013
|HDI_change = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI = 0.683 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2010 |year=2010 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=5 November 2010 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=21 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121150504/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 106th
|currency = [[Central African CFA franc]]
|currency_code = XAF
|time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]]
|utc_offset = +1
|time_zone_DST = not observed
|utc_offset_DST = +1
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+241]]
|cctld = [[.ga]]
|footnote_a = 
}}

'''Gabon''' waa wadan ku yaalo galbeedka [[Afrika]], wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyahay wadamada 
[[Ikweetiga Guinea]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] iyo [[Kamiruun]]. Dhinaca galbeed neh waxaa kaga dhegan [[Gacanka Guinea]]. Magaalo madaxda wadanka waa [[Libreville]].

== Taariikh ==
Dalka Jamhuuriyda Gabon. Dalka Gabon waxa uu kamid yahay wadamada loogu yeesho Gabeedka Africa waxana uu xad la wadagaa dalka Gabon dalalka dhamaantood ka tirsan wadamada galbeedka Africa oo kala ah [[Kameroon]], [[Jamhuuriyada Kongo]] iyo dalka Equartorian Guinea. Dhinaca koonfur galbeedna waxa dalka kaga taal badwaynta Atlantica (Atalantic Oceaan) caasimada dalka Gabon, waxa ay ku talaa xeebta bada Atlantica waxana la yidhaa [[Librefille]]. 
== Bedka ==
Bedka dhulka uu ku fadhiyo dalka Gabon waxa lagu qiyaasaa 103,346.81 (mayl laba jibaaran) oo u dhiganta 267,667.00, oo (kiiloomitir laba jibaaran). Dalka Jamhuuriyada Gabon waxa uu dhul baaxadeedkiisu ku dhowyahay gobolka
( Colorado) ee dalka maraykanka.
== Dadka ==
Dadka reer Congo waxa ay gaadhaan .51-milyan iyo badh ruux waana tirakoobkii la sameeyay sanadkii 2010-kii.
Dalka Gabon waxa uu kamid yahay wadamda ay aadka u aafeeyeen cudurada dilaaga ah ee uu AIDS-ku ugu horeeyo sidaa daraadeed waxa la saadaaliyay in bulshada reer Gabon ee sanadka 2050-ka ay ka badnaan doonin 2milyan oo ruux
== Afka ==
Luuqadaha lagaga hadlo dalka Gabon waxa ugu horeysa luuqada faransiiska oo ah luuqada koowaad ee dalka lagaga hadlo luuqadan gumaysigii France laga dhaxalay ka sokow waxa jira luuqado dhowr ah oo ah luuqadaha maxaliga ah ee taariikhiyan ay ku hadli jireen dadka reer Gabon. Luuqadaha maxaliga ah waxa kamid ah Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira iyo Bandjabi.
== Aqoonta ==
Dadka aqoonta leh ee reer Gabon waxa lagu qiyaasaa boqolkiiba 63.2%
Tirakoobkan aqooneedna waxa la sameeyay sanadkii 1995-kii xiligana waxa la fili karaa in ay dadka aqoonta leh ee reer Gabon ka badan yihiin tiradii ay hore u ahaayeen.
== Diinta ==
Diimaha ay kala aaminsanyihiin bulshada ku dhaqan dalka Gabon waxa ugu horeysa oo dadka ugu badani ay aaminsanyihiin dinta Kiristanka waxana aaminsan dad gaadhaya boqolkiiba 55% ilaa 75%, sidoo kale diimaha animist iyo Islaamka waxa haysta dad lagu qiyaasay boqolkiiba 1% in ka yar.
== Cimriga ==
Ragga reer Gabon waxa da’doodu gaadhaa 48-sano.
== Dawlada ==
Qaabka ay u shaqayso Dawladda dalka Gabon waa nidaam jamhuuri ah oo ku lamaan yahay xukun adayg isku dhafani (Government Type republic; multiparty presidential regime).
Xisbiyada mucaaridka ah waxa laga ogolaaday dalka Gabon sanadkii 1990-kii
== Lacagta ==
Lacagta reer Gabon ay isticmaalaan waxa la yidhaa Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF).
== Warshadaha ==
Warshadada dalka Gabon waxa lagu farsameeyaa Sharaabka, dunta, Sibidhka,Baatroolka, Dahabka, kiimikooyinka, iyo dhismaha maraakiibta.
== Beeraha ==
Beeraha dalka waxa laga beeraa dalagyo ay kamid yihiin kookaha, Coffeega, Sonkorta, Rabadhka iyo Saliida.
== Xoolaha ==
dalka Gabon waxa laga dhaqdaa xoolo ay ugu muhiimsantahay lo’da iyada oo deegaanada xeebtana ay ka jiraan dhaq dhaqaaqyo kaluumaysi.
Dhulka la isticmaalo ee dalka Gabon waxa lagu qiyaasaa boqolkiiba 1%
== Khayraadka ==
Khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalka waxa kamid ah, Dahabka, Baatroolka, Yuuraaniyamka, Timberka, Iyo awooda biyaha lagaga dhaliyo tamarta korontada ee hydropower.

== Tixraacyada ==
{{reflist}}


{{commonscat|Gabon|Gabon}}
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Dawladdaha Afrika]]
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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    <title>Turkmenistan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5950</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-10T23:55:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>template:Dalalka Aasiya template:Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka iyo Category:Wadamada Aasiya</comment>
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      <text bytes="3358" sha1="64yp5svdhe2xab87ybz4202vk5ehbsb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Turkomaanistaan
|common_name = Turkomaanistaan
|image_flag = Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg
|image_coat = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg
|capital = Cashgabaad
|official_languages = [[Af-Tuurkoman]]
|leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Tuurkomanistaan|Madaxweyne]]
|government_type = [[Jamhuuriyadda madaxweynimo]]
|leader_name1 = [[Sardar Berdiimaxamedoof]]
|cctld = .tm
|}}
[[File:Turkmenistan in its region.svg|thumb|Turkmenistan]]
'''Turkmenistan''' waa wadan ku yaalo bartamaha [[Aasiya]]. wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Usbekistan]], [[Afqaanistan]], [[Kasakhstan]] iyo [[Iiraan]]. wadankaan caasimadiisa waxaa ladhahaa [[Cashgabaad]].

== Taariikh ==
Wadankaan waxaa markiisa hore xukumi jiray dad taajiriin ah, dadkii ugu horeeyay oo wadanka soo galey waxee ka imaadeen [[Mongolia]] sanadihii 700, isla markaas neh waxee wadanka ku faafiyeen diinta islaamka. wadankaan waxaa ku soo batay ajaanib ka kala imaatay wadamada carabta iyo Turkiga, gaar ahaan kuwa turkiga sanadihii 800, sidaas darteed aa wadanka looga hadlaa luqada (Turkmen) oo asal ahaan looga hadli jiray wadanka turkiga.

Turkiga (/ tɜːrkmɛnɪstæn /) / tɜːrkmɛnɪstæn / ama / tɜːrkmɛnɪstɑːn / (ku saabsan codkani wuxuu dhagaystaa); Turki / Turkiga / Turkiga, oo loo yaqaan [tyɾkmeniθtɑn]), (oo hore loo yaqaanay Turkiya) [8] , oo ay xuddun u tahay Kazakhstan xagga waqooyi-galbeed, Uzbekistan oo ah waqooyiga iyo bariga, Afgaanistaan ​​ilaa koonfur-bari, Iiraan dhanka koonfureed iyo koonfur-galbeed, iyo badda Caspian galbeed. Ashgabat waa caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn. Dadweynaha dalka ayaa ah 5.6 milyan, ugu hooseeya Jamhuuriyadaha Aasiyada Dhexe.

Turkiga wuxuu ku sugnaa isbedelka dhaqameedyada qarniyo badan. Waqtigii dhexe ee dhexmari jiray, Merv wuxuu ka mid ahaa magaalooyinka waaweyn ee adduunka Islaamka iyo duruuf muhiim ah oo ku wajahan waddada Aasiya, oo ah waddo safar ah oo loo adeegsado Shiinaha ilaa qarnigii 15-aad. Boqortooyada Boqortooyada Ruushka ee 1881-kii, ayaa markii dambe ka dhex muuqday dhaqdhaqaaqa ka soo horjeeda Bolshevik ee Bartamaha Aasiya. Sanadkii 1925, Turkiggu wuxuu noqday Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, Jamhuuriyadda Soofiyeeti ee Turkiga (Turkmens SSR); waxay noqotay mid madax-bannaan markii ay burburtay Midowga Soofiyeedka 1991-kii. 

Turkigu wuxuu leeyahay kaydka lixaad ee ugu weyn caalamka ee dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah. Dalka intiisa badani waxay daboolayaan Garakum (Black Sand). Laga soo bilaabo 1993 illaa 2017, muwaadiniinta ayaa heley koronto, biyo iyo gaas dabiici ah oo lacag la'aan ah.

Turkiga waxaa xukumay madaxweynaha Saparmurat Niyazov (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Turkmenbashi) ilaa uu geeriyooday sannadkii 2006-kii. Madaxweynuhu wuxuu madaxweyne u doortey 2007. Sida ay ku warameyso Human Rights Watch, &quot;Turkmenistan waa mid ka mid ah dalalka adduunka ugu cibaadeysan. xidhitaanka baaritaan madaxbannaan, warbaahinta iyo xorriyaadka diineed waxay ku xiran yihiin xaddidaadaha xakameynaya, difaacayaasha xuquuqda aadanaha iyo dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha kale waxay la kulmaan khatarta joogtada ah ee aargoosiga dowladda.” Kadib markii la hakiyay ciqaabta dilka, isticmaalka xukun ciqaabeed ah ayaa si rasmi ah loo tirtiray Dastuurka 2008.

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kuwayt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6281</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307754</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
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      <comment>template:Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka</comment>
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      <text bytes="7387" sha1="e45r28juu6rjrgcjuost40agn32a3f8" xml:space="preserve">{{Dalalka
|native_name                   =  Kuwayt دولة الكوي'' 
|conventional_long_name        = Kuwayt
|common_name                   = 
|qaaradda                       = [[Afrika]]
|sawir_calan                   = Flag_of_Kuwait.svg
|sawir_qaran                   =Emblem of Kuwait.svg
|image_map                     = map_of_Kuwait-2.svg
|astaan_calan                  = [[Astaanta Calanka Masar|Al-Nasheed Al-Watani]] 
|image_map                     = 
|caasimadda                    = [[Magaalada kuwayt]]
|luuqadaha                     = [[Af-Carabi]]
|caasimada                     = [[Magaalada Kuwayt]]   
|Dawladda                       = &amp;nbsp;
|darajo_hogaamiye1             = [[Amiir]]
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 66th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $50,919&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;IMF database 2017&lt;/ref&gt;.
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 31th
| GDP_nominal = $0.186 trillion&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;IMF database 2018&lt;/ref&gt;.
| GDP_nominal_year = 2019
| GDP_nominal_rank = 59th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $38,755&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;IMF database 2019&lt;/ref&gt;.
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 29th 
|[[Madaxweyne]]
|darajo_hogaamiye2             =  [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] 
|magac_hogaamiye1              = Mr.Sabaax Al-Axmad Al-Jabar Al-Sabaah.
|magac_hogaamiye2              = Mr.Naasir Maxamed Al-Axmed Al-Sabaah.
|-
|sovereignty_type              = '''La abaabulay'''
|sovereignty_note              = 
|established_event1            = Taariikhda
|established_date1             = 1613  
|area                          = ,17,820 km2

|areami²                       = 6,880 sq mi 
|biyo                          = Micno la'aan
|population_estimate           = 3,566,437 &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|population_estimate_year      = 2010
|lacagta                       = Diinaarka kuwayt 
|wakhti                        = Samar (DST)
|furaha_debedda		       = +965
|footnote1                     = 
}}
[[File:Shuwaikh_Campus.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]]
[[File:Emblem_of_Kuwait.svg|thumb|right|400px|]]
'''Kuwayt''' ama '''Dowladda Kuwayt''' ([[Af-Carabi]] دولة الكوي) waa wadan yar oo ku yaala [[Bariga Dhexe]] dhinaca [[Gacanka Faarsiga]]. Kuwayt waxee xuduud la leedahay wadamada Ciraaq iyo [[Sacuudi carabiya]]. Wadankaan waa wadan aad u taajirsan oo saliid aad u badan leh.bedka uu wadankani ku fadhiyaa waa 17,818 km2, dadka kunooli waxa ay gadhayaan 3 milyan oo qof . waa xubin kamida [[Jaamacada Carabta]] waxa kale oo kuwayt ay kamidtahay aasaasayaashii [[Golaha Iskaashiga gcanka]] waxa kale oo ay katirsantahay [[Ururka Islamka]] iyo [[Qaramada Midoobay]] kuwayt waa mid kamida wadamada saliida soo saara ee ku bahoobay ururka [[OPEC]]
Kuwait (/ kʊweɪt / (ku dhawaad ​​codka dhegeysanaya); [6] [7] Carabi: الكويت al-Kuwait, Gulf Carabi: [ɪl‿ɪkweːt] ama [lɪkweːt]), si rasmi ah State of Kuwait (carabi: dollar الكويت Ku saabsan sanadkaan Dawlat al-Kuwait), waa wadan ku yaal galbeedka Aasiya. Waxaa ku yaal waqooyiga geeska waqooyiga Carabta ee u dhaxeeya cirifka Gacanka Carbeed, waxa ay la wadaagaan xudduudaha Ciraaq iyo Sacuudi Carabiya. Ilaa 2016, Kuwait waxaa ku nool dad gaaraya 4.2 milyan oo qof; 1.3 milyan waa Kuwai iyo 2.9 milyan oo qof ayaa u dhoofaya. [8] Dhaqdhaqaaqyadu waxay tiriyaan 70% dadweynaha. [9]
Kaydka shidaalka waxaa laga helay qadar ganacsi 1938-kii. Laga soo bilaabo 1946 ilaa 1982, waddanku wuxuu soo maray casriyeyn ballaadhan. Sanadihii 1980-meeyadii, Kuwait waxay soo mareen mudaharaad deganaansho juquraafi ah iyo dhibaatooyin dhaqaale kadib markii shilalka suuqa saamiyada. Sanadkii 1990-kii, Kuwait waxaa la soo weeraray, kadibna dib loo dhigay, by Saddam Ciraaq. Shaqada Ciraaq ee Kuwait ayaa dhammaadkii sanadkii la soo dhaafay ka dib markii ay millatari soo faragalisay by isbahaysiga milatari ee uu hogaamiyo Maraykanka. Kuwait waa asxaab ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee aan ka tirsanayn NATO. Kuwait sidoo kale waa asxaha ugu weyn ee ASEAN, iyada oo la sii wadayo xiriir adag oo lala leeyahay Shiinaha. [11] [13] [13]

Kuwait waa dawlad dastuuri ah oo leh nidaam siyaasadeed oo semi-demoqraadi ah. Kuwait waxay leedahay dhaqaale dakhligoodu sarreeyo oo ay taageerayaan kaydka lixaad ee ugu weyn caalamka. Diinta Kuwait waa lacagta ugu qiimaha badan adduunka. [14] Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Adduunka, waddanku wuxuu leeyahay dakhliga afraad ee ugu sarreeya dunida oo dhan. Dastuurka waxaa la daabacay 1962. [15] [16] [17] Kuwait waxay hoy u tahay guriga ugu wayn ee bariga dhexe. Degmada Kuwait ee Degmooyinka Dhaqanka waa xubin ka mid ah Shabakadaha Dhaqanka ee Caalamiga ah [18] Kuwait ayaa si weyn loo tixgeliyaa &quot;Hollywood-ka Gacanka&quot; sababtoo ah sumcadda qalliinka iyo masraxa.
Sanadkii 1613, magaalada Kuwait waxaa aasaasay Kuwait City casriga ah. Sanadkii 1716, Bani Utub waxay degeen Kuwait, oo waqtigaan deganaa kalluumeysato yar waxaana ugu horreyntii ka shaqayn jiray tuulo kalluumeysi ah. [19] Qarnigii siddeedaad, Kuwait way ku baraarugeen isla markaana si deg-deg ah u noqotay xarunta ganacsiga ee ugu weyn ee u dhexeeysa Hindiya, Muscat, Ciraaq iyo Carabta. [20] [21] Markii la gaaro 1700-meeyadii, Kuwait waxay horay u sameysey waddo weyn oo ganacsi oo ka timid Gacanka Khaliijka ilaa Aleppo. [22]
Intii lagu guda jiray hareereeynta reer galbeedka ee Basra ee 1775-79, ganacsatada Ciraaq ayaa ku qulqulay Kuwait waxaana ay qayb ahaan ka mid ahaayeen qalabeynta ballaarinta dhismaha doonyaha Kuwait iyo hawlaha ganacsiga. Natiijada, ganacsiga bada ee Kuwait ayaa kor u kacay, [23] sida wadooyinka ganacsiga ee Hindiya ee Baqdaad, Aleppo, Smyrna iyo Constantinople loo rogay Kuwait wakhtigan. [22] Shirkadda East India waxaa loo wareejiyay Kuwait 1792. [25] Shirkadda Bariga Hindiya waxay hubisay waddooyinka badda ee Kuwait, Hindiya iyo xeebaha Bariga Afrika. [25] Ka dib markii Faaris ay ka baxeen Basra sanadkii 1779, Kuwait ayaa sii waday inay soo jiidato ganacsiga ka baxsan Basra. [26]

==Xubin==

* [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * *

* [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * * *

* [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * *

==Waddamadda la Deggan AlKuwait==
* {{Flag|Bahrain}}: 20,000+

* {{Flag|Qatar}}:10,000+


* {{Flag|Oman}}: 30,000+

* {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}:150,000++

* {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}:120,000+


Kuwait wuxuu ahaa xarun dhisme doon ah oo ku taal gobolka Khaliijka Persian. [27] [28] Dhamaadkii siddeedaad iyo qarnigii sagaalaad, maraakiibta laga sameeyay Kuwait waxay wadeen dhaqdhaqaaq ganacsi u dhexeeya dekadaha Hindiya, Bariga Afrika iyo Badda Cas. 29 [31] Markab maraakiib ah oo Kuwaiti ah ayaa lagu caanbaxay Badweynta Hindiya. [32] Duufaan goboleed ayaa ka caawiyay barwaaqada dhaqaalaha ee Kuwait qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 18aad. [33] Waxaa laga yaabaa in kaniisada ugu badan ee Kuwait ay noqoto mid barwaaqo ah ay sabab u tahay xasiloonida Basra ee qarnigii 18aad. [34] Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 18aad, Kuwait qayb ahaan waxay u shaqeynayeen sidii ganacsato Basra ah, kuwaas oo ka cararaya cadaadiska dawladda Ottoman. [35] Kuwai wuxuu hormood u ahaa sumcaddii ugu badneyd ee ku jirta Gacanka Ciraaq.

Sheekhumkii Kuwait wuxuu noqday 1899 (ilaa 1961) ka dib markii Heshiiskii Anglo-Kuwaiti ee 1899 lagu saxiixay Sheekh Mubaar Al-Sabah iyo xukuumadda Ingiriiska ee Hindiya sababo khatar ah oo ku aaddan xornimadii madax-banaanida Boqortooyada Boqortooyada

==Sido Kale fiiri== 
*[[Masar]]
*[[Soomaaliya]]

=Tixraac=
{{reflist}}

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Kuwayt]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muuriitaaniya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6378</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307762</id>
      <parentid>241896</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T00:35:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>template:Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6960" sha1="93uvy1ptxppopvdjx2wj2xoohg63xog" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Islamic Republic of Mauritania
|common_name = Mauritania
|native_name = {{native name|ar|الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{resize|75%|''{{transl|ar|al-Jumhūrīyah al-Islāmīyah al-Mūrītānīyah}}''}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|fr|République islamique de Mauritanie}}
|image_flag = Flag of Mauritania.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Mauritania.svg
|symbol_type = Seal
|national_motto = {{native phrase|ar|شرف إخاء عدل|italics=off|nolink=on}}&lt;br/&gt;{{small|&quot;Sharaf, Walaalnimo, Caddaalad&quot;}}
|national_anthem = {{lang|ar|نشيد وطني موريتاني}}&lt;br /&gt;({{lang-en|&quot;[[Heesta calanka Mauritania|Dalka Aabbenimadu waa Hibada Sharafta leh]]&quot;}})
|image_map = Location Mauritania AU Africa.svg
|map_caption = Location of Mauritania (dark blue) in [[Africa]]
|image_map2 = Mauritania - Location Map (2013) - MRT - UNOCHA.svg
|capital = [[Nouakchott]] 
|largest_city = capital 
|coordinates = {{Coord|18|09|N|15|58|W|type:city}}
|official_languages = [[Carabi]]&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
|national_languages = {{hlist |[[Hassaniya Arabic]] |[[Pulaar language|Pulaar]] |[[Soninke language|Soninke]] |[[Wolof language|Wolof]] | Malinke|  
&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;}}
|languages_type = Other languages
|languages = [[French language|French]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.quotidien-nouakchott.com/etats-generaux-l-education-nationale-en-mauritanie-la-reforme-1999-sera-t-elle-supprimee |date=13 November 2011 |title=États généraux de l'Éducation nationale en Mauritanie |work=Le Quotidien de Nouakchott |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414235528/http://www.quotidien-nouakchott.com/etats-generaux-l-education-nationale-en-mauritanie-la-reforme-1999-sera-t-elle-supprimee |archivedate=14 April 2013 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|demonym = [[Demographics of Mauritania|Mauritanian]]
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[Islamic republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[List of heads of state of Mauritania|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|leader_title2 = [[List of heads of government of Mauritania|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Yahya Ould Hademine]]&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
|legislature = [[Mauritanian Parliament|Parliament]]
|lower_house = [[National Assembly (Mauritania)|National Assembly]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
|established_event1 = from [[French colonial empire|France]]
|established_date1 = 28 November 1960
|established_event2 = Current [[Constitution of Mauritania]]
|established_date2 = 12 July 1991
|area_km2 = 1030000
|area_footnote = &lt;ref name=census/&gt;
|area_rank = 28th
|area_sq_mi =
|percent_water = 0.03
|population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Mauritania}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
|population_census = 3,537,368&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite report |date=July 2015 |title=Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat (RGPH) 2013 |language=fr |chapter=1: Répartition spatiale de la population |chapter-url=http://www.ons.mr/images/rgph2013/Chapitres_RGPH_Fr/Chapitre01_R%C3%A9partition_spatiale_fr.pdf |page=v |publisher=National Statistical Office of Mauritania |accessdate=20 December 2015 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
|population_census_year = 2013
|population_density_km2 = 3.4
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_rank =
|GDP_PPP = $17.421&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=83&amp;pr.y=7&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2022&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=682&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |title=Mauritania |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_year = 2017
|GDP_PPP_rank = 134th
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,488&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 140th
|GDP_nominal = $5.063&amp;nbsp;billion&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_year = 2017
|GDP_nominal_rank = 154th
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,304&lt;ref name=imf2/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 149th
|Gini = 40.5 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|Gini_year = 2008
|Gini_change =  &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Gini_rank =
|HDI = 0.513 &lt;!--number only--&gt;
|HDI_year = 2015&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
|HDI_change = steady &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 157th 
|currency = [[Mauritanian ouguiya|Ouguiya]]
|currency_code = MRO
|time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
|utc_offset = +0
|utc_offset_DST =
|time_zone_DST =
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+222]]
|cctld = [[.mr]]
|footnote_a = According to Article 6 of the Constitution: &quot;The national languages are Arabic, [[Pulaar language|Pulaar]], [[Soninke language|Soninke]], and [[Wolof language|Wolof]]; the official language is Arabic.&quot;
|footnote_b = Not recognized internationally (see main article).
|religion = [[Islam in Mauritania|Islam]]
|area_magnitude = 1 E12
|country_code = MR
}}

'''Muuriitaaniya''' ([[Af-Faransiis]]: Mauritanie), si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Mauritania, waa waddan Waqooyi-galbeed Afrika. Waa waddanka kow iyo tobanaad ee ugu weyn Afrika, waxaana xuduud u leh Galbeedka Atlantik ee galbeedka, Sahra Galbeed oo waqooyi iyo waqooyi-galbeed, Aljeeriya ilaa waqooyi-bari, Mali ilaa bari iyo koonfur, iyo Senegal oo koonfur galbeed ah.
Waddanku wuxuu magaciisa ka soo qaatay boqortooyadii hore ee Berbera ee Mauretania, oo ka jiray min qarnigii 3aad ee BCE illaa qarnigii 7aad ee Woqooyiga ee waqooyiga ee casriga ah ee Morocco iyo Algeria. Qiyaastii 90% dhulka Mauritania wuxuu ku yaalaa Sahara; Sidaa darteed, dadku waxay ku badan yihiin koonfurta, halkaas oo roobabku aad u sarreeyo. Magaalada caasimada ah iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Nouakchott, oo ku taalla xeebta Atlantic, kaas oo ku yaal saddex meelood hal meel 4,3 milyan oo qof. Xukuumadda ayaa lagu afgembiyay 6-dii August 2008-dii, kaas oo ah madax-furasho milatari oo uu hoggaaminayo General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. 16kii Abriil 2009, Aziz ayaa iska casilay millatariga si uu ugu tartamo madaxweynaha doorashadii 19-kii July, kaas oo uu ku guuleystay. 
Qiyaas ahaan 20% dadka reer Mauritania waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar US $11.25 maalintii.

==Xubin==
* [[AIIB]] * 
* [[Comesa]] * * 
* [[Midowga Afrika]] * *
* [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * *
* [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * *


[[File:Nouakchott air 01.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Muuqaalka hawada ee Nouakchott.]]

== Xigasho ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Afrika}}
[[Category:Wadamada Afrika]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tadsjikistan</title>
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      <parentid>280738</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-10T23:51:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>sii toosi si loo saxo magaca</comment>
      <origin>307730</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43" sha1="qqxbe6y1d5xp225n4f1k2xa4mw7qwm3" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Tajikistan]]
__STATICREDIRECT__</text>
      <sha1>qqxbe6y1d5xp225n4f1k2xa4mw7qwm3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>307782</id>
      <parentid>307730</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T03:31:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sii toosintii ku socotay [[Tajikistan]] ayaa laga saaray</comment>
      <origin>307782</origin>
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      <text bytes="8615" sha1="ojvokwp0ae0e4q7x4pdvdjplzrql7w9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Republic of Tajikistan|common_name=Tajikistan|native_name={{unbulleted list|
|{{native name|tg|Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Jumhurii Tojikiston''}}}}|image_flag=Flag of Tajikistan.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of Tajikistan.svg|symbol_type=Emblem|national_motto=|national_anthem=''[[Surudi Milli|Суруди Миллӣ]]''&lt;br /&gt;({{Lang-en|&quot;National Anthem&quot;}})&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National anthem of Tajikistan, performed by the U.S. Navy Band.flac]]&lt;/center&gt;|image_map=Tajikistan (orthographic projection).svg|map_caption={{map caption |location_color= green}}|capital=[[Dushanbe]]|coordinates={{Coord|38|33|N|68|48|E|type:city}}|largest_city=capital|official_languages=[[Tajik language|Tajik]]|regional_languages=|languages_type=Inter-ethnic&lt;br /&gt;language|languages=[[Russian language|Russian]]|ethnic_groups={{unbulleted list
  | 84.2% [[Tajik people|Tajik]]
  | 13.9% [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]]
  | 0.8% [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
  | 0.4% [[Russians|Russian]]
  | 0.7% others
 }}|ethnic_groups_year=2010&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116004155/http://stat.tj/en/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355502192.pdf Национальный состав, владение языками и гражданство населения Республики Таджикистан Том III]. stat.tj&lt;/ref&gt;|religion=|demonym=Tajik or Tajikistani&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thoughtco.com/the-names-of-nationalities-4088817 The Names of Nationalities]&lt;/ref&gt;|government_type=[[Unitary system|Unitary]] [[dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[presidential system|presidential]] [[constitution]]al [[republic]]|leader_title1=[[President of Tajikistan|President]]|leader_name1=[[Emomali Rahmon]]|leader_title2=[[Prime Minister of Tajikistan|Prime Minister]]|leader_name2=[[Kokhir Rasulzoda]]|leader_title3=Chairman of the [[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|Majlisi Milli]]|leader_name3=[[Mahmadsaid Ubaydulloyev]]|legislature=[[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|Supreme Assembly]]|upper_house=[[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|National Assembly]]|lower_house=[[Assembly of Representatives (Tajikistan)|Assembly of Representatives]]|sovereignty_type=[[History of Tajikistan|Formation]]|established_event1=[[Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik ASSR]]|established_date1=27 October 1924|established_event2=[[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik SSR]]|established_date2=5 December 1929|established_event3=[[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Independence]] from the [[Soviet Union]]|established_date3=9 September 1991|established_event4=[[Alma-Ata Protocol|CIS full membership]]|established_date4=21 December 1991|established_event5=Recognized|established_date5=26 December 1991|established_event6=[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 738|Admitted to the]] [[United Nations]]|established_date6=2 March 1992|established_event7=[[Constitution of Tajikistan|Current constitution]]|established_date7=6 November 1994|area_km2=143,100|area_rank=94th &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--&gt;|area_sq_mi=55,251|percent_water=1.8|population_estimate=9,275,827 &lt;ref name=&quot;worldometers.info&quot;&gt;[https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/tajikistan-population/]&lt;/ref&gt;|population_estimate_rank=(96th) &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/]&lt;/ref&gt;|population_estimate_year=2019|population_density_km2=48.6|population_density_sq_mi=125.8|population_density_rank=155th|GDP_PPP=$30.547 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=45&amp;pr.y=14&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2018&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=923&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|website=IMF.org |access-date=3 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|GDP_PPP_year=2018|GDP_PPP_rank=132nd|GDP_PPP_per_capita=$3,354&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=155th|GDP_nominal=$7.350 billion&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;|GDP_nominal_year=2018|GDP_nominal_rank=147th|GDP_nominal_per_capita=$807&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=164th|Gini=34 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|Gini_year=2015|Gini_change=&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|Gini_ref=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&amp;series=SI.POV.GINI |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]]|website=databank.worldbank.org |access-date=3 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Gini_rank=|HDI=0.650 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|HDI_year=2018 &lt;!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--&gt;|HDI_change=increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|HDI_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update |title=2018 Human Development Report |year=2018 |accessdate=14 September 2018 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203906/http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;|HDI_rank=127th|currency=[[Somoni]]|currency_code=TJS|time_zone=[[Tajikistan Time|TJT]]|utc_offset=+5|utc_offset_DST=|time_zone_DST=|drives_on=right|calling_code=[[+992]]|cctld=[[.tj]]
&lt;!--
 ORPHANED:
| footnote_a               = Estimate from State Statistical Committee of Tajikistan, 2008; rank based on UN figures for 2005.  ---&gt;|country_code=}}

'''Jamhuuriyadda Tadsjiikistaan''' ([[Af-Tajiki]]: '''''Тоҷикистон''''') waa wadan oo [[Dhul xiran]] oo kuyaalo qarada [[Aasiya]]. Caasimada Tadsjikistan waa [[Dushanbe]].

=Juqraafi=
Tajikistan waa dal buuraley ah, dal ku yaal Bartamaha Aasiya oo leh  aag dhan 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi) iyo dad lagu qiyaasey 9,275,828 qof. [1]  Waxaa xaduud u ah Afghanistan xagga koonfureed, [[Usbekistan]] dhinaca galbeed, [[Kirgistan]] dhanka woqooyi, iyo [[Shiinaha]] dhanka bari.  Meelaha dhaqameed ee dadka reer Tajik waxaa ka mid ah Tajikistan xilligan la joogo iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid Afghanistan iyo Uzbekistan.

=Taariiq=
Dhulka hadda ka kooban Tajikistan wuxuu hore u ahaan jiray dhaqamo badan oo qadiim ah, oo ay ku jirto magaalada Sarazm ee Neolithic iyo Dahabka, oo markii dambe hoy u ahayd boqortooyooyinka ay xukumaan dad diimo kala duwan iyo dhaqamo ay ka mid yihiin, ilbaxnimada Oxus,  Dhaqanka Andronovo, [[Buddhism]], [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyada]] Nestoriyaanka, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism iyo [[Islaam]].  Aagga waxaa xukumayey boqortooyooyin fara badan, oo ay ku jiraan Boqortooyada Achaemenid, Boqortooyada Sanaania, Heftahalite, Boqortooyada Samanid, [[Mongolia|Mongol]] Empire, boqortooyadii Timurid, Khanate ee Bukhara, Boqortooyada [[Ruushka]], iyo markii dambe [[Midowga Sofiyet]]ka.  Midowga Soofiyetka dhexdooda, xuduudaha casriga ee dalka waxaa la soo saaray markay qayb ka ahayd [[Usbekistan]] sidii jamhuuriyad iskeed u madaxbannaan ka hor inta aysan noqon jamhuuriyad buuxda oo Soviet 1922 ah.

=Asaas=
9kii Sebtember 1991, Tajikistan waxay noqotay qaran madaxbanaan oo madax banaan markii [[Midowga Sofiyet]] burburay.  Dagaal sokeeye ayaa isla markiiba la dagaalamay madaxbanaanida kadib, oo soconeysa laga soo bilaabo 1992 ilaa 1997. Ilaa iyo dhamaadka dagaalka, xasiloonida siyaasadeed ee dhowaan la asaasay iyo kaalmooyinka shisheeye waxay u ogolaadeen dhaqaalaha dalka inuu kobco.  Sida dhammaan dowladaha kale ee dariska la ah Eeshiya ee Bartamaha, dalka, oo uu hogaaminayo Madaxweyne Emomali Rahmon ilaa 1994, waxaa dhaleeceeyay dhowr urur oo aan dowli aheyn oo ku aadan hogaaminta awooda, xoriyada diinta, musuqmaasuqa iyo ku xadgudubka baahsan ee xuquuqda aadanaha.

=Luqad iyo dhaqan=
Tajikistan waa jamhuuriyad madaxweyne oo ka kooban afar gobol.  Inta ugu badan dadka Tajikistan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qowmiyadda Tajik, kuwa ku hadla Tajik (lahjad reer Faaris).  Ruushka waxaa loo adeegsadaa luqadda isir ahaan.  In kasta oo gobolka uu yahay mid dastuuri ah, haddana diinta Islaamka waxaa ku dhaqma 98% dadweynaha.  Gorno-Badakhshan Oblast ee Tajikistan, in kasta oo ay deggan tahay dadka deggan, haddana waxaa jira kala duwanaansho luqadeed oo kala duwan halka Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi iyo Tajik ay yihiin qaar ka mid ah luqadaha lagu hadlo.  Buuruhu waxay daboolaan wax kabadan 90% dalka.  Waxay leedahay dhaqaale kala guur ah oo si weyn ugu tiirsan xawaaladaha, aluminiumka iyo soosaarka suufka.  

=Ururaha xubin ka tahay=
*[[Qaramada Midoobay]] 
*CIS
*OSCE
*OIC
*ECO
*SCO
*CSTO 

Sidoo kale waa lamaane NATO PfP ah.

=Tixraac=
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
      <sha1>ojvokwp0ae0e4q7x4pdvdjplzrql7w9</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Maxamed Tubeec</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="8372" sha1="cnyc0hjtwhxrlxlqk43k4skjpe2v6p8" xml:space="preserve">::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan fanaanka Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec. Haku khaldin [[magac]]a [[Magaca Maxamed|Maxamed]].''
::''Sharaxaad badan iyo faahfaahin [[fanaan]]iinta, fadlan fiiri [[Fanaaniinta Soomaaliya]].''
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = Tubeec
| name               =  &lt;br /&gt;Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec&lt;/br&gt; محمد سلمان تبيع
| honorific_suffix   = 
| image              =  Tubeec.jpg
| image_size         = 
| alt                = 
| caption            = Fanaanada Tubeec sanadkii 2001
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = Soomaali
| birth_name         =  &lt;!-- only use if different from name above --&gt;
| birth_date         =  Maay, 21 1943
| birth_place        = [[Hargeysa]], [[Somaliland]]
| baptised           =  &lt;!-- will not display if birth_date is entered --&gt;
| disappeared_date   =  &lt;!-- {{disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --&gt;
| disappeared_place  = 
| disappeared_status = 
| death_date         =  {{Dhimashada iyo sanadka|2013|09|19|1943|05|21}} 
| death_place        = 
| death_cause        = 
| body_discovered    = 
| resting_place      = 
| resting_place_coordinates =  [[Jarmalka|Berlin, Jarmalka]] &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --&gt;
| monuments          = 
| residence          = 
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = 
| ethnicity          =  [[Soomaali]]
| citizenship        = 
| education          = 
| alma_mater         = 
| occupation         = [[Hees]]aa, [[Fanaan]], [[laxan|laxamiiste]], [[jilaa]]
| years_active       = 1963dii-2013
| era                = 
| employer           = Kooxda Waaberi (1970-1998)
| organization       = 
| agent              =  &lt;!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source --&gt;
| known_for          = 
| notable_works      =  Heeso wadani, [[qaraami]], [[qaaci]], heeso jacayl, qasaa'id
| style              = 
| home_town          = [[Hargeysa]], [[Somaliland]]
| salary             = 
| net_worth          =  &lt;!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --&gt;
| height             =  &lt;!-- &quot;X cm&quot;, &quot;X m&quot;  or &quot;X ft Y in&quot; plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --&gt;
| weight             =  &lt;!-- &quot;X kg&quot;, &quot;X lb&quot; or &quot;X st Y lb&quot; plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --&gt;
| television         = 
| title              = Boqorka Codka; Aabaha Fanka
| term               = 
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = 
| party              = 
| movement           = 
| opponents          = 
| boards             = 
| religion           =  [[Islaam|Sunni Islaam]]
| denomination       =  &lt;!-- Denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --&gt;
| criminal_charge    =  &lt;!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --&gt;
| criminal_penalty   = 
| criminal_status    = 
| spouse             =  &lt;!-- Use article title or common name --&gt;
| partner            =  &lt;!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --&gt;
| children           = 
| parents            = 
| relatives          = 
| callsign           = 
| awards             = 
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}}
'''Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec''' ([[carabi]]: محمد سلمان تبيع) waa [[fanaan]] ka mid ahaa fanaaniinta ugu caansanaa [[suugaan]]ta [[dad]]ka [[Soomaali]]da ah. Fanaanku waxa uu ku dhashay duleedka magaalada [[Hargeysa]] [[Gobol|gobolka Waqooyi]] ee maanta ah [[caasimad|magaalo madaxda]] wadanka [[Somaliland]] sanadkii [[1943]]. Fanaanku wuxuu ahaa [[hees]]aa aad u cod macaan oo geyiga [[Soomaali]]eed aad looga jecel yahay. Codkiisa wanaagsan darteed waxaa lagu naaneysi jirey ''Boqorka Codka Fanka Soomaaliyeed''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305052709/http://www.xeegonews.com/akhriso-taariikhdii-fanaanka-caanka-ah-ee-maxamed-saleebaan-tubeec/ 
&quot;Taariikhda Fanaanka Caanka ah Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Tubeec wuxuu ahaa shaqsi caan ka ah caalamka gaar ahaan gayiga somaalida sidoo kalle maxamed saleebaan tubeec waxaa lagu naanaysi jirey (boqorka-codka).

Sidoo kale waxay taariikh lama ilaawaan ah ka dhigeen tartanki fanka ee qarada africa maxamed saleebaan (tubeec) iyo xaliima khaliif (magool) oo ay halkaa ku hanteen biladihii ugu sareey labka iyo dhadigaba.

Sidaana ku noqdeen libaaxyadii qaarada Africa taariikh lama ilaawaan ahna kula soo laabteen gayiga Somalida.

Maxamed saleebaan wuxuu ku barbaaray magaalada (ber-bera) dadka aqoonta durugsan u leh wexey tilmaamaan inuu ahaa shaqsi Afgaaban.

Sidoo kale fanaanku wuxuu yaraantiisi fanka ka bilaabay magalooyinka berbera hargasa jabuuti isagioo gacac qabad ka heleya fanaano iyo abwaano kalle oo uu ka mid yahay walaalki jaamac saleebaan.

Faanaanku wuxuu kamid ahaa dadki dalka ka baxay markii u qarxay dagaalki sukeeye wuxuuna waqti joogay wadanka suuriya intaa kadib na waxaa uu usoo gudbay wadanka switzerland gaar ahaan magaalada genefa oo waqti kunoolaa heesihiisi halaasiga ahaana kusoo cusboonaysiiyey sida nasteexo .gufaaco.deeqa iyo qaarkaloo aynaan halkaan kusoo koobi karayn.

Waqti dheer kadib fanaanku waxaa uu soo gaba gabeeyey noloshiisi wadanka switzerland wuxuuna u wareegay wadanka denmark si uu ula midoobo qayb ka mid qoyskiisa.

Taariikhda dheer ka dib fanaanku waxaa uu tagay 2waqti qaarada africa oo mar ka mid ah uu bandhig faneed ku qabtay wadan jabuuti marna uu booqday ismaamulka Somalida Ethiopia.

Wuxuuna ah shaqsi aad ugu wayna loogana qadariyo gayiga somalida

Mudo ka dib fanaanka waxaa soo wajahay xanuun uurku jirta ah gaar ahaan sonbobka wuxuuna xaalada cafimaad u maray wadamada denmark sweden norwey intaa ka dibna waxaa uu so gudba wadanka germeny oo 2 qaliin looga sameeye una u geeriyooday akhirki.

Waxa u ku geeriyooday faanaanku 12kii Bishii March [[2014]] wadanka germeny, alle ha u naxariistee waxaana lagu aasay Magaalada Muqdisho gaar ahaan Qubuuraha Dugsiga Sarre ee Booliska 16/03/2014.

= Heesaha Fanaanka =

Fanaanka maxamed saleebaan tubeec wuxuu leeyahay [[hees]]o fara badan, kuwaasi oo iskugu jira wadani, [[jacayl]], guubaabin, dhiirigelin, [[jecayl|haasaawe]], amaan, duco, wacyi, wargelin iyo wax-sheeg.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;Tubeec waxuu leeyahay tiro badan oo [[hees]]o ah, kuwaasi oo iskugu jira wadani, [[jacayl]], guubaabin, dhiirigelin, [[jecayl|haasaawe]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Fanaanku waxuu ka tirsanaa [[Hobolada Waaberi]] ee hogaanka u ahaa [[fan]]ka iyo [[suugaan]]t

Fanaankani wuxuu heeso badan la qaaday hobolo [[dumar]] oo badan, kuwaasi ooy ka mid yihiin fanaanada [[Xaliimo Khaliif Magool]], [[Hibo Nuura|Hibo Maxamed Hodoon]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Heesaha Tubeec iyo [[Hibo Maxamed Hodoon]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Hibo Nuura]]), Maandeeq, Saynab Cige iyo kuwo kale oo badan. 
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heesaha Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec aad ayay u badan yihiin, kuwa ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah:

* [[Heesta Hooyo]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.is/20140209055749/https://my.opera.com/ismail-msx/archive/monthly/?month=201603 qoraal ahaan halkan ka arag]&lt;/ref&gt;

* Heesta Ha iga Goosan Caawa: waxay si talantaali ah u wada qaadaan fanaanada Aamina Feer

* Heesta Guryosamo: waxay si talantaali ah u wada qaadaan fanaanada Maandeeq

* Heesta Gobanimodoon: waxay si talantaali ah u wada qaadaan fanaanada [[Hibo Nuura]]

* Heesta Dagan

* Heesta Amaano 

* Heesta Adaa I Dhaliiley 

* Heesta Nasteexo

* Heesta Aniguna iyo kuwo kale oo badan.
* gurya samo

Heesaha fanaankan waxaad ka dhageesan kartaa websitekan [http://masuul.com/hees/artist/m/mahamed-sulayman-tubeec Halkan Riix] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/artist/m/mahamed-sulayman-tubeec |date=20160327024720 }}.

=Fanaaniinta Soomaaliyeed= Heesta Heyga goosan caawaad iga gacan sareysaa waxaa la qaadda Aamina Feer

Fannaaniinta [[Soomaali]]yeed ee caanka ah aad bay u badan yihiin [[lab|rag]] iyo [[dhedig|dumarba]]; haddaynnu dhawr ka xusno fannaaniintii hore ee waaweynaa waxa ka mid ah kuwa ku xusan jadwalka hoose.
{{Template:Fanaan}}

* [[Edgardo Franco]]


= Xigasho =
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Fanaaniinta Soomaaliya]]
[[Category:Suugaan]]
[[Category:Muusig]]
[[Category:Fan]]
[[Category:Magac]]
[[Category:Magacyada Soomaalida]]
[[Category:Aadam iyo Xaawo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Xaliima Magool</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="10313" sha1="i571v1hg1y66hhxfk3su0zsamaqvkw6" xml:space="preserve">::''Sharaxaad badan iyo faahfaahin [[fanaan]]iinta, fadlan fiiri [[Fanaaniinta Soomaaliya]].''

[[File:Magool.jpg|thumb|Fanaanada [[Magool|Xaliimo Khaliif Magool]].]]
'''Xaliimo Magool''' (Nooleed [[May]] 2, [[1948]] – [[Maarso]] 19, [[2004]]) waxa ay ahayd hobolad caan ka ahayd gayiga [[Soomaaliya|Soomaaliyeed]], Waxaana loo yaqaane Boqorada Codka. &lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[fanaan]]ad weyn oo ku [[hees]]ta af-[[Soomaali]]ga taasi oo leh [[suugaan]] iyo [[hees]]o&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
Heesaha ay qaado fanaanadani oo u badan wadani, goobaabin, talo-siin, dhiiri-gelin iyo wanaag darteed ayaa Magool loo siiyay magaca weyn ee '''Boqorada Codka Fanka Soomaaliyeed'''.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;'''Boqorada Codka Fanka Soomaaliyeed'''&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
Intaasi waxaa dheer, Magool waxaa ay leedahay naanays ay ku kasbatey kartideeda iyo hanaan-wanaageeda, waxaana lagu naanaysaa '''Magool Qurux'''.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;'''Magool Qurux'''&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

= Taariikhda Magool =
Xaliimo Khaliif Magool waxay ku dhalatey meel u dhow magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee gobolka [[Banaadir]], ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]].&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[Muqdisho]] ee gobolka [[Banaadir]], ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ayada oo yar ayaa waalidkeed u soo wareejiyay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] halkaasi ooy ku qaadatey [[waxbarasho|waxbarashadii]] [[dugsi|dugsiga hoose iyo dhexe]]. Ka dib, qiyaastii [[sanad|sanadkii 1969kii]] ayaa Magool biloowday ineey [[hees]]to.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;magaalada [[Muqdisho]] halkaasi ooy ku qaadatey [[waxbarasho|waxbarashadii]] [[dugsi|dugsiga hoose iyo dhexe]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;magaalada [[Hargeysa]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[Soomaaliya]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[sanad|sanadkii 1969kii]] ayaa Magool biloowday ineey [[hees]]to&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

waxa ay dhimatay sanadii 2004 waxaana lagu aasay duleedka muqdisho gaar ahaan meesha maanta loo yaqaano Calamada .

= Heesaha Fanaanada =
Fanaanada Xaliimo Khaliif waxay leedahay tiro badan oo [[hees]]o ah, kuwaasi oo iskugu jira wadani, [[jacayl]], guubaabin, dhiirigelin, [[jecayl|haasaawe]], amaan, duco, wacyi, wargelin iyo wax-sheeg. Waxaana ka heli kartaa goobta keedka ugu ween heesaha soomaaliyeed ee Masuul waa kan link http://masuul.com/hees/artist/h/halimo-khalif-magool {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/artist/h/halimo-khalif-magool |date=20160327025202 }}&lt;nowiki/&gt;l &lt;Ref&gt;&quot;Xaliimo waxay leedahay tiro badan oo [[hees]]o ah, kuwaasi oo iskugu jira wadani, [[jacayl]], guubaabin, dhiirigelin, [[jecayl|haasaawe]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Fanaanadu waxay ka tirsanayd [[Hobolada Waaberi]] ee hogaanka u ahaa fanka iyo suugaanta Soomaaliyeed.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[[Hobolada Waaberi]] ee hogaanka u ahaa fanka iyo suugaanta Soomaaliyeed&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Heesaha fanaanada Magool qaado waxaa ugu caansan oon soo qaadan karnaa:

* Heesta Dhirta Xididka Hoose.

* Heesta Godadle

* [https://ismail4all.wordpress.com/2013/11/19/heestii-ka-buldhe-codadka-saalax-qasim-iyo-hibo-maxamed-cudoon-hibo-nuura-qoraal/ Dookhna waa kan igu jira]: waxa si talantaali ah uwada qaadayaan [[Saalax Qaasim]] iyo Magool.&lt;Ref&gt;&quot;[https://ismail4all.wordpress.com/2013/11/19/heestii-ka-buldhe-codadka-saalax-qasim-iyo-hibo-maxamed-cudoon-hibo-nuura-qoraal/ &quot;Qoraalka Ii kaalay&quot;, qorida Suge]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

* Heesta Ma Hiigaan 

* Heesta Godadle: waxa wada qaadaya [[Hibo Nuura]], [[Axmed Mooge]] iyo [[Xaliimo Khaliif Magool]].

* Heesta Xalayto

* Heesta Ha iga Goosan Caawa: waxa si talantaali ah u qaadaya [[Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec]] iyo Xaliimo Khaliif Magool

* Heesta Nebi Amaan

* Heesta Afrikaay Toos: waxa si talantaali ah u qaadaya [[Xasan Aaden Samatar]], [[Hibo Nuura]] iyo Xaliimo Khaliif Magool

= Faalo =
Magool waxa ay ku dhalatey gobolka Galgaduud, Demadiisa Dhuusa Mareeb sanadkii 1948.Waxa dhalay Caalimka weyn ee aad looga yaqaanay Gobolada Dhexe Lana oran jiray Sheeq Cumar Shareeco, Dadka qaarna u yaqaanaan Qaliif Cumar. Qoyska ay kso jeedo fanaadu ayaa ah qoys aa looga xushmeyo goboladadexe iyo koofurta Soomaliyaba. Aabaheed Qaliid Cumar waxa uun ku aasan yahay Masjid kuyaala Degmada Dhuusamareeb,halka oosanad wa;lagu siyaarto qalifka.Qabriga qalifa ayaa ku yla xaafada Waabari AUN [http://www.somaliroots.com/Magool2.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somaliroots.com/Magool2.htm |date=20160304224800 }}, &quot; 1948 waxa ay ku dhalatay Gobolka Galgaduud degmadiisa [Dhuusamareeb]]. ayada oo yar ayee u soo guurtay magaalada [[Muqdisho]], waxa ayna ku soo kortay guriga abtigeed maxamed xaaji. Kadibna waxa ay usii guurtay magaalada [[Hargeysa]] halkas oo eey fanka ka soo gashay .wax yar kadib waxeey dib ugu soo laabatay maagalada muqdisho, halkaa oo aad uga hana qaaday fankeedii.Xaliimo Khaliif Magool allaha u naxariistee waxa ay ku geeriyootay magaalada [[Amistardaam]] ee caasimada dalka [[Holand]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.banadir.com/magool.shtml], &quot;MagooL oo ku geeriyootay dalka holland&quot; &lt;/ref&gt; taariikhda marka ee eheed 19 [[Maarso]] [[2004]]. Heesteedii ugu horeeysay ee qaado waxa eey eheed heesta lagu magacaabo (banaadiri), kadib neh si is daba joog ah ayaa loogu dhiibaayay heesaha eey ku luuqeeyso xaliimo khaliif ,heer eey gaarto in eey u tartamaan abwaaniintii heesaha curun jirtay iyo fanaaniintii jeclaa in eey la qaadaan xaliimo khaliif. waxaa lagu xasuustaa xaliimo khaliif heesihii eey qaday oo nuuc walbo lahaa iyo waliba heesihii ee ka qaaday shirkii midawga afrika ee lagu qabtay magaalada muqdisho oo ayada iyo fanaaniin eey ka mid yihiin mxamed suleymaan tubeec salaad maxamed shardi s/darbi iyo seynab cige iyo kuwa kalaba eey aad ugu guubaabiyey madaxdii africa in eey wadamadooda gumeysiga kala tashan oo ayaka maskaxdooda ka maamulaan ,sidoo kale xaliimo khaliif cumar (magool) allaha u naxaariistee heesahee qaadi jirtay waxee u badnaayee kuwa jeceelka oo aad iyo aad ugu helaan dadka soomaaliyeed kuwaas oo inta badan labalabo ula wadaagi jirtay faniinta kale ee raga ahaa siiba kuwoodii ugu caansanaa fanaaniintii xiligaas sida
* maxamed suleyymaan waa tubeec 
* maxamed nuur giriig 
* maxamed axmed kuluc 
* maxamed jaamac joof 
* maxamed mooge liibaan 
* maxamed yuusuf cabdi 
* maxamed warsame qas aali 
* axmed mooge shimbir liibaan 
* axmed cali cigaal 
* axmed nuur jaangow 
* cabdi salaad aadan (beerdilaacshe) 
* cabdi qadar xasan xuseen 
* cabdi nuur allaale 
* cabdalla yuusuf (hanuuniye) 
* cabdi tahliil warsame 
* cusmaan cabdi kariim (gacan laaw) 
* salaad maxamed shardi (s/darbi) 
xasan aadan samatar 
* xasan diiriye faarax 
* abdisalan awil jama
iyo kuwa oo aanan soo koobi karin,abwaanada sida weyn heesahooda ugu dhiibay xaliimo khaliif cumar barre (magool) waxaa ka mid ah ; 
* maxamed cali kaariye 
* xasan xaaji cabdullaahi (xasan ganey) 
* cabdul qaadir cali cigaal (cirro) 
* abwaan qurbaawi *cabdi muxumud amiin 
iyo kuwa kale oo fara badan.xaliimo khaliif cumar (magool) heesaha eey ku luuqeeyso ee wadaniga ah wee badan yihiin waxaana ka maid ah &quot;Nin ku siray wax kuu sheeg&quot; oo si wada jir ah ula qaadayaan fanaaniinta kala ah 
* maxamed suleymaan tubeec
* saynab cige 
* salaad maxamed shardi s/darbi
heesta kale ee la yiraahdo ((ka digtoonaw dab walaaqay noqotey )) oo eey la qaado fanaaniinta kala ah 
* cabdalla yuusuf hanuuniye
* haboon cabdillaahi . 
waxaa kaloo kamid ah heesaha wadaniga eey ku luuqeeyso &quot;nin lagu seexdoow ha seexan&quot;, &quot;maanta manta maanta waa maalin weyne maanta&quot; &quot;soomaali dooylaay afrikay hurudooy&quot; iyo in badan oo aanan soo koobi karin.Xaliimo khaliif cumar barre (magool) waxeey si aa ah u qaadaa heesaha jaceylka ah oo si aan caadi aheey u jecelyihiin dadka soomaaliyeed waxaana ka maid ah heesahaas . Ninankiinii anigaa imidee sida sida dalsan neyruus raxmad aramidu caashaqa habaayicin qormo ashqaraar iimaanso amaantaada u hub qaado meelkale dalmaro goronyo cowl alleylahe jaceylkii hibooy aan is helno boqorkii quruxda aqoon idil sida canabka neeraha banaadir subcis wabiyo isu oomani shimbiryoow radkii jaceylka gododley jaceyl dhiig malagu qoray iyo kuwa kale oo badan . sidoo kale xaliimo khaliif cumar barre (magool)waxa eey qaadaa oo ku luuqeeysaa qasiidooyin [((( nabi amaan ah )))] oo add u fara badan waxaana ka mid ah inta raacday ((((NABIGEE)))) rafiiqiise noqotee madad madaad iyo kuwa kale oo badan oo aan la soo koobi karin. Xaliimo khaliif cumar barre (magool) markii qabtii dhacday kama eeysan bixin dalka ee waxa eey ku nooleed magaalada muqdisho gaar ahaan xaafada taleex oo eey ku yebsatay walaalaheeda soomaaliyeed wixii soogaaray oo burbur ahaa .xaliimo khaliif cumar barre ((magool)) waxa eey eheed mid eey aad u jecelyihiin dadka soomaaliyeed gaar ahaan dadka fanka ku dhex jira ,kuwaaoo inta badan ku imana in eey qof dabeecad wanaagsan oo dul qaad badan aheeyd xaliimo khaliif (magool) . hadaba sanadku markuu ahaa 19 3 2004 ayee ku geeriyootay allaha u naxariistee xaliimo khaliif cumar barre (magool) magaalada (amistardam) ee dalka (holan)wax caruur ahna ma eysan dhalin xaliimo khaliif cumar barre (magool) waxaana lagu aasay duleedka magaalada (afgooye) ee dalkeena soomaaliya taariikhdu markey aheyd 22 3 2004 .waxaana loo sameeyay aas qaran oo ka soo qeyb galeen dhamaan nuucyada kala duwan ee bulshada soomaaliyee ,aaska xaliimo khaliif cumar barre (magool) waxa oo u dhacay si aan caadi aheey kaasoo keentay in dadku is qabsadaan inta u dhaxeysa magaalooyinka (muqdisho-ilaa-afgooye)ayakoo gaaraya 20 kun ka badan .Hadaba xaliimo khaliif cumar barre (magool) waxaan ilaah uga baryeenaa in uu danbigeeda u dhaafo qabrigana u waasiciyo janiisa fardowsa aheed ka waraabiyo . Xaliimo waxa ay fanka isaga harty intii aanay xanunsan, waxaanan goobjoog u ahaa in ay diiday xaflado dhaqaale badan loogu balan qaaday. Mudooyinkii danbe fanaandu waxa ay ahayd qof aad u cibaadeysta waxayna ka wadatay aduunkaan tusbax dheer iyo go aad u cad, waa markii iigu danbeeysay muuqaalkeeda oo a muqdisho ku soo booqday gurigeeda. Waxa ay aad uGu farxsaayd nolsheda cusub waxnya noo sheegay in ay Alle SWC iyo rasuulisa CSW jeceshahay ayna la dhiman doonto jeceylkooda.

= Fanaaniinta Soomaaliyeed =

Fannaaniinta [[Soomaali]]yeed ee caanka ah aad bay u badan yihiin [[lab|rag]] iyo [[dhedig|dumarba]]; haddaynnu dhawr ka xusno fannaaniintii hore ee waaweynaa waxa ka mid ah kuwa ku xusan jadwalka hoose.

{{Template:Fanaan}}
Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec heesta gufaaco 1966 ayuu ku qaaday marka sida kuxusan bogan (1967 ayuu bilaabay fanka) waa qalad.

= Qoraalo La Mid Ah =
* [[Fanaan]]
* [[Hees]]
* [[Suugaan]]
* [[Fan]]
* [[Gabay]]
* [[Murti]]

= Xigasho =
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Fanaaniinta Soomaaliya]]
[[Category:Fanaaniinta dumrka Soomaaliyeed]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shimbirtii</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1043" sha1="7rhvqpzkfqrkvrqn5y9j93qduk1gnmt" xml:space="preserve">'''Heesta Shimbirtii'''
[[File:Jubba11.jpg|thumb|Fanaanka C.Qaadir Juba.]]

'''Heesta Shimbirtii''' waa [[hees]] ka mid ah [[suugaan]]ta [[Soomaali]]yeed midaasi oo uu ku luuqeeyo [[fanaan]]ka [[C.Qadir Macalin Jubba]].

Heesta oo dhowr jeer la cusbooneysiiyay muusigeeda ayaa ereyadeedu u qoran yihiin sidan:

Shimbirtii Aaminkaan Dirsaday

Ilaalay kuu gu timid

Amaan bay kaa qortee Haa

Waxay ii sheegtay aniga

Ogaysiiskaan ka helayeee


Gacmahii baa kuu adeegay

Uurkii baa Nabad kugu seexday

Afkii baa kugu hadaaqay

Indhahii baa Indhahii baa

Indhahii baa kuu lugeelay

***

Shimbirtii Aaminkaan Dirsaday

Waxay ku keentay Ubax

Fariin adag bay sidaa

Ujeedaan kaa lahaa

oo anay iga tahay wakiil

Naftaa ku iloowi wayday

Nagahii baa kaa ildoowin

Jacayl baan kugu awuurtay

Caqligii ar Caqligii

Caqligii Baa kula shaqeeyay

Heesta waxaad [[cod]] ahaan ka dhegaysan kartaa [http://masuul.com/hees/a/abdikadir-jubba_shimbirtii.html Halkan] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/abdikadir-jubba_shimbirtii.html |date=20141008103804 }}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chicago</title>
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      <text bytes="12825" sha1="ggjd3k08zvej42unbsbbw2utlvj1adm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shikaago, Illinois
| settlement_type = [[Caasimad]]
| official_name = Caasimada Chicago
| etymology = {{lang-mia|shikaakwa}} (&quot;basasha duurjoogta&quot; ama &quot;toonta duurjoogta&quot;)&lt;br /&gt;{{lang-pot|Gaa-zhigaagwanzhikaag}}
| nickname = [[Dabeyl|Caasimadii Dabeysha]], Chi-Town, &quot;Caasimadii Labaad&quot;, Caasimadii Garboweyn&lt;br&gt;(si aad u ogaato waxbadan fiiri [[Shikaago|dhamaan naaneysaha]])
| motto = {{lang-la|Urbs in Horto}} (''Caasimadii Beerta''), Waan yeeli
| image_skyline = Chicago montage1.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| image_caption = Ka soo biloow kor: [[Jikaago|Farasmagaalka Jikaago]], Shaleemada Magaalada, Dhismaha &quot;L&quot;, Xarunta [[Bad]]maaxa, Beerta Millennium, Goob Taariikheed, iyo dhismaha dheer ee Willis Tower.
| image_flag = Flag of Chicago, Illinois.svg
| image_seal =
| image_map = Cook County Illinois incorporated and unincorporated areas Chicago highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 260px
| map_caption = Meesha ay ku taalo [[Degmo|Cook County]] iyo gobolka [[Illinois]].
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Meesha ay kaga taalo Maraykanka
| pushpin_label = Chicago
| latd = 41 | latm = 50 | lats = 13 | latNS = N
| longd = 87 | longm = 41 | longs = 05 | longEW = W
| coordinates_region = US-IL
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| coordinates_footnotes= &lt;ref name=&quot;gnis&quot;/&gt;
| subdivision_type = [[Deegaan]]
| subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States of America}}}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Maraykanka|Gobolka]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Illinois]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Tiro|Tirada Countyada]]
| subdivision_name2 = Cook County iyo DuPage County
| established_title = La degay
| established_date = 1780
| established_title2 = {{nowrap|[[Dowlad|Nidaam dowlad-hoose]] (magaalo)}}
| established_date2 = Agosto 12, 1833
| established_title3 = [[Dowlad|Nidaam Degmo weyne]] (caasimad)
| established_date3 = Maarso 4, 1837
| founder =
| named_for = ''shikaakwa'', ''jikaakwa''&lt;br /&gt;''(basashi duurjooga iyo toontii duurjooga)''
| government_type = [[Degmo|Golaha Duqa-Magaalada]]
| governing_body = [[Shikaago|Dowlada Hoose ee Shikaago]]
| leader_title = Duqa-magaalada
| leader_name = Rahm Emanuel (xisbiga Dimuqraadiga)
| leader_title1 = [[Caasimad|Xoghayaha Caasimada]]
| leader_name1 = Susana A. Mendoza ([Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga)
| leader_title2 = [[Jikaago|Agaasimaha Caasimada]]
| leader_name2 = Kurt Summers Jr. (Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga)
| unit_pref = US
| area_magnitude = 
| area_total_sq_mi = 234.0
| area_total_km2 = 
| area_land_sq_mi = 227.2
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_sq_mi = 6.9
| area_water_km2 = 
| area_water_percent = 3.0
| area_urban_sq_mi = 2122.8
| area_urban_km2 = 
| area_metro_sq_mi = 10874
| area_metro_km2 = 
| area_footnotes =
| elevation_ft = 594
| elevation_m = 
| elevation_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;gnis&quot;&gt;{{Cite GNIS|428803|City of Chicago}}&lt;/ref&gt;''(mean)''	
| elevation_max_footnotes = &lt;br /&gt;''– u dhow gasiirada Blue''	
| elevation_min_footnotes = &lt;br /&gt;''– ku taal harta Michigan''	
| elevation_max_m =	
| elevation_max_ft = 672	
| elevation_min_m =	
| elevation_min_ft = 578
| population_total = 2695598
| population_as_of = [[Maraykanka|'''2010''']]
| population_est = 2722389
| pop_est_as_of = Luuliyo 1, 2014&lt;ref name=&quot;metro&quot;&gt;{{cite web
  |url=https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/newsroom/releases/2015/cb15-89_graphic.jpg
  |title=Chicago (city), Illinois QuickFacts
  |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau
  |accessdate=June 12, 2014
  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_rank = Caasimada [[dad|3aad]] ee ugu dadka badan Maraykanka 
| population_note =
| population_footnotes = &lt;ref name =&quot;FactFinder&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=June 10, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_urban =
| population_metro = 9522434 ([[3|3aad]])
| population_density_sq_mi = 11864.4
| population_density_km2 = 4447.4
| population_demonym = Chicagoan
| timezone = [[Wakhti|Wakhtiga Badhtamaha Maraykanka]]
| utc_offset = -6
| timezone_DST = CDT
| utc_offset_DST = -5
| postal_code_type = laga hormariyo ZIP Kodhka
| postal_code = 606xx, 607xx, 608xx
| area_code_type = Area codes
| area_code = 312/872 iyo 773/872
| blank_name = [[Maraykanka|FIPS]] code
| blank_info = 17|14000
| blank1_name = Muuqaalka [[Juquraafi|GNIS]] 
| blank1_info = GNIS4-0428803
| website = {{URL|www.cityofchicago.org}}
| footnotes = 
}}

'''Chicago''', '''[[Shikaago]]''', '''[[Jikaago]]''' (loogu dhawaaqo {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Chicago-2.ogg|ʃ|ɨ|ˈ|k|ɑː|ɡ|oʊ}} ama {{IPAc-en|ʃ|ɨ|ˈ|k|ɔː|ɡ|oʊ}}) waa [[caasimad]]a sadexaad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Magaalda Jikaago waa deegaanka ugu dadka badan gobolka [[Illinois]] iyo deegaanka &quot;Midwest&quot;, taas oo leh shacab dhan [[milyan|2.7 milyan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF|website=factfinder.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division|accessdate=June 16, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=November 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129082905/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Dhinaca kale, marka la isku daro magaalada Chicago iyo nawaaxigeeda, taasi oo loo yaqaano &quot;Chicagoland&quot;, waa deegaanka sadexaad ee ugu wayn wadanka Maraykanka, waxaana degan dad ka badan 10 milyan. Shikaago waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1837kii, laakiin waxay aad u kortay horaantii [[qarni|qarnigii 19aad]]. Horumarka iyo koritaanka magaalada waxaa aad uga qeyb qaatey [[har|harta Great Lake]] iyo [[webiga Mississipi]]. Shikaago waa fadhiga [[dowlad]]a &quot;Cook County&quot; ee ugu weyn gobolka Illinois..&lt;ref&gt;&quot;In 1946 Chicago acquired land for O'Hare Airport, including a portion of northeast DuPage.&quot; Steph McGrath, &quot;DuPage County&quot; ''Encyclopedia of Chicago'' [http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/396.html chicagohistory.org]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;In order to consolidate its control over the airport area, Chicago annexed it in March 1956, including the western edge, in DuPage County.&quot; Amanda Seligman &quot;O'Hare&quot; ''Encyclopedia of Chicago'' [http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/924.html chicagohistory.org]&lt;/ref&gt;

Maanta magaalada Shikaago waa xarun weyn oo [[ganacsi]], dhaqaale, [[warshad]]o, shirkado, teknoolojiyad, [[Isgaarsiinta|isgaadhsiin]], iyo gaadiid; waxayna leedahay Gegada diyaaradaha O'Hare ee caalamiga ah (&quot; O'Hare International Airport&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Keating|first=Ann Durkin|title=Metropolitan Growth|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/821.html|work=Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|accessdate=December 5, 2013|year=2005|archive-date=Bisha Labaad 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222191257/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/821.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; kaasi oo ah gegada diyaarada ugu weyn ee [[aduun|caalamka]] oo dhan. Sidoo kale, caasimada Shikaago waxaa ku yaala wadooyinka (highways) iyo wado-tareenka (railroads) ugu waaweyn wadanka Maraykanka. Sanadkiii 2014ka waxaa loo aqoonsaday magaaladan ineey tahay caasimada [[14]]aad&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The World According to GaWC 2012|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html|publisher=Globalization and World Cities Research Network|accessdate=May 5, 2014|date=January 13, 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320212149/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; ee ugu weyn caalamka, tan [[7]]aad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan, iyo tan sadexaad ee ugu [[lacag]]ta badan wadanka Maraykanka ayada oo heeysata ama maamusha lacag dhan [[dollar|571 bilyan]] dollar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2014 Global Cities Index|url=http://www.atkearney.com/research-studies/global-cities-index/full-report|publisher=A.T. Kearney|accessdate=May 10, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=GDP by Metropolitan Area, Advance 2012, and Revised 2001–2011|url=http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/2013/pdf/gdp_metro0913.pdf|publisher=U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis|accessdate=December 5, 2013|date=September 17, 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201926/http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/2013/pdf/gdp_metro0913.pdf|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Intaas waxaa dheer in magaalada Shikaago tahay mid ka mida goobaha soo jiidasha badan ee wadanka Maraykanka; sanadkii 2014ka oo kali ah waxaa soo siyaartey magaaladan dad ka badan 50.2 milyan oo dad iskugu jira ajanabi iyo kuwa wadanka u dhashay. Sabata keentay dalxiisayaasha badan waxaa ka mid ah dhaqanka iyo bulsho weynta magaalada oo ah mid aad iskugu dhafan oo leh noocyo badan oo matala dhaqanada dunida daafaheeda. Waxyaabaha ugu xiisaha badan waxaa ka mid ah: shaneemooyinka waaweyn, [[hees]]aha Jazzka, Soulka iyo bluega. Waxaa sidoo kale magaadu caan ku tahay [[dadka Madoow]] (African American) ee ku dhaqan magaalada; kuwaasi oo ah tirada ugu badan shacabka Shikaago iyo nawaaxigeeda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Liebling's Second City&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title= Chicago's Twentieth-Century Cultural Exports | author = Sarah S. Marcus | url= http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/410156.html| work= | publisher= The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago | accessdate= April 19, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Caasimada Shikaago waxay leedahay naaneyso badan ooy ka mid tahay &quot;[[dabeyl|Caasimada Dabeysha]]&quot; (sababtoo ah waxay leedahay dabeyl aad u badan oo gu' iyo jiilaal soo taagan), &quot;[[labo|Caasimada Labaad]]&quot; iyo naaneyso kale oo la xidhidha dhaqanka iyo taariikhda deegaanka.


=Taariikhda=

{{multiple image
 | align = left
 | direction = vertical
 | image1 = Chicago in 1833 - V.O. Hammon Publishing Co. Chicago (Front).tiff
 | width1 = 225
 | caption1 = [[Sawir]]-gacmeed magaalada Shikaago sanadkii 1833kii; horaantii magaalada
 | alt1 = 
 | image2 = Illinois-michigan-canal.png
 | width2 = 225
 | caption2 = Maabka gacanka Illinois iyo Michigan ee la dhamasytiray 1848
 | alt2 = 
 | image3 = Chicago - State St at Madison Ave, 1897.ogv
 | width3 = 225
 | caption3 = Wadada Madison oo ahaan jirtey meelaha ugu mashquulsan dunida. Fiidiyowgan waa qiyaastii 1897
 | alt3 = 
}}

Magaca magaaladan Chicago waxaa laga keenay erayga ''&quot;Shikaakwa&quot;'' ee luuqada dadka u dhashay qaarada ee loo yaqaano Hindida Cas (Red Indians) kaasi oo macnaheedu yahay [[basal|basasha duurjooga]] ama [[toon|toonta duurjooga]] ah. Waxa ereyga markii ugu horeeysay isticmaalay gumeystihii cadaanka ahaa ee deegaankaasi tegay ayaga oo u qaatey magac deegaanka looga yaqaano dhulkaasi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Conzen|first=Michael|title=Global Chicago|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/277.html|work=The Economic Rivalry between St. Louis and Chicago|publisher=Encyclopedia of Chicago}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wakhtigan gumeystaha reer [[Yurub]] soo gaadheen deeganka oo ku beegnaa horaantii [[qarni|qarnigii 18aad]] ayaa waxa deganaa Shikaago iyo nawaaxigeeda qabiilka Potawatomi, oo ka mid ah hindida cas, kuwaasi oo ahaa [[ugaadhsi|ugaadhsato]] iyo [[qadhaabsi|qadhaabsato]]. Wakhti yar gudaheed waxaa ka dhex qarxay dagaal dadkii dhulka loogu yimid iyo gumeystihii cadaanka ahaa reer Yurub. Dagaalkaasi oo dad badan kaga dhinteen dadka hindida cas ayaa waxaa ku guuleystay gumeystihii cadaa ee horsocotay dowlada Maraykanku.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://users.ox.ac.uk/~sedm1912/chn.html#y1856_m02_d14 |title=Chicago Daily Tribune, Thursday Morning, February 14 |publisher=nike-of-samothrace.net |accessdate=May 4, 2009 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=March 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325060713/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~sedm1912/chn.html#y1856_m02_d14 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadihii 1830kii ayaa heshiisyo khasab ah laga sexeeeyay dadka deegaanka ee u badnaa qabiilka Potawatomi, si loo dejiyo deegaano kale oo ka fog Shikaago. Waxaana sanadkii 1833kii la aasaasay dhismayaashii ugu horeeyay ee magaalada Shikaago halkaas oo la dejiyay dad dhan 200 oo qof. Todoba sano gudahood waxaa magaalada Shikaago iskugu yimid shacab dhan 4,000 taasi oo keentay in magaaladu si xoowli ah ku korto.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Chicago: Population|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31156/31156-h/31156-h.htm#ar148|work=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=Project Gutenberg|accessdate=December 5, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;


==Sido Kale fiiri==
* [[Gobolada Isku Tegay ee Ameerika]]</text>
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    <title>Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed</title>
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      <text bytes="11828" sha1="78gkf8r99sh0ovzciskl4iwguu8irz2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
|group      = Somali diaspora
|image      = [[Image:Flag of Somalia.svg|border|150px]]
|population = {{circa}}: 20-25 (1–1.5) malyan
|popplace   = [[Jasiiradda Carabta]], [[Yurub]], [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]], [[Koonfur Afrika]], [[Ooshiyaaniya]]
|region1    = {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
|pop1       = 251,000
|ref1       = &lt;ref&gt;[http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?[http://www.hiiraan.com/news2/2006/nov/ontario_municipal_election_somali_canadian_prospective.aspx{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Ontario Municipal Election: Somali Canadian Prospective; *N.B. 44,995 individuals reported Somali ethnicity in 2011 National Household Survey - c.f.] {{Wayback|url=http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi |date=20110225023321 }}&lt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo1=PR&amp;Code1=01&amp;Data=Count&amp;SearchText=Canada&amp;SearchType=Begins&amp;SearchPR=01&amp;A1=All&amp;B1=All&amp;Custom=&amp;TABID=1 Stacan.GCC.ca]&lt;/ref&gt;
|region2   = {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
|pop2      = 212,000
|ref2      = &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AE Ethnologue United Arab Emirates]&lt;/ref&gt;
|region3   = 
|pop3       =
|ref3      = &lt;Ref&gt;article=1034&amp;context=bildhaan Shire Saad „A. Transactions with Homeland: Remittance”Bildhaan: *N.B. Somali migrant population, Middle East including Yemen&lt;/Ref&gt;.
|region4    = {{flagcountry|United States}}
|pop4       =201,000
|ref4       = 
|region5   = {{flagcountry|Yemen}}
|pop5      = 200,000
|ref5      = 
&lt;Ref&gt;[https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1221/umfrage/anzahl-der-auslaender-in-deutschland-nach-herkunftsland/ Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland]&lt;/Ref&gt;.:
|region6    = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|pop6       = 116,000
|ref6       = &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/populationoftheunitedkingdombycountryofbirthandnationality Population of the United Kingdom by Country of Birth and Nationality - Office for National Statistics]&lt;/ref&gt;.:
|region7   =
{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
|pop7      =87,025 
|ref7     = 
|region8    = {{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|pop8       = 63,853
|ref8       = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/sq/30271 Statistics Sweden - Foreign-born and born in Sweden]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region9  = {{flagcountry|Norway}}
|pop9      = 42,217
|ref89     = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/innvbef/aar/2017-03-02?fane=tabell&amp;sort=nummer&amp;tabell=297399 Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2016]&lt;/ref&gt;
|region10   = {{flagcountry|South Africa}}
|pop10      = 41,000
|ref10      = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JSSA/JSSA-01-0-000-10-Web/JSSA-01-0-000-10-PDF/JSSA-01-1-2-091-10-012-Jinnah-Z/JSSA-01-1-2-091-10-012-Jinnah-Z-Tt.pdf Jinnah Zaheera, Making Home in a Hostile Land: Understanding Somali Identity, Integration, Livelihood and Risks in Johannesburg, J Sociology Soc Anth, 1 (1-2): 91-99 (2010) KRE Publishers]&lt;/ref&gt;
|region11   = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|pop11      = 39,465
|ref11      = &lt;ref&gt;[http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLEN&amp;PA=37325eng&amp;D1=a&amp;D2=a&amp;D3=0&amp;D4=0&amp;D5=187&amp;D6=a&amp;LA=EN&amp;HDR=T&amp;STB=G2,G1,G3,G5,G4&amp;VW=T CBS StatLine - Population; sex, age, origin and generation, 1 January]&lt;/ref&gt;.:
|region12   = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
|pop12      = 23,350
|ref12      = 
|region13   = {{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|pop13      = 21,050
|ref13      = &lt;Ref&gt;[http://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1280 StatBank Denmark, tatbank.dk]&lt;/ref&gt;.:
|region14   = {{flagcountry|Finland}}
|pop14      = 19,059
|ref14      = &lt;ref&gt;[http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/030_vaerak_tau_102.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=f19dfabb-3ad3-414c-b136-086d1f253aeb IOM - Finland]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region15   = {{flagcountry|Australia}}
|pop15      = 16,169
|ref15     = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/subscriber.nsf/log?openagent&amp;207103%20-%20Cultural%20Diversity.xls&amp;2071.0&amp;Data%20Cubes&amp;21F50C2D0457EF67CA2581620019845C&amp;0&amp;2016&amp;20.07.2017&amp;Latest Table 5. Ancestry by State and Territory of Usual Residence, Count of persons - 2016(a)(b) Australian Bureau of Statistics]&lt;/ref&gt;
|region16   = {{flagcountry|Italy}}
|pop16      = 8,228
|ref16      = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Statistiche demografiche ISTAT |url=http://demo.istat.it/str2016/ |access-date=2017-08-07 |archive-date=2018-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123000332/http://demo.istat.it/str2016/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region17   = {{flagcountry|Syria}}
|pop17      =1700 
|ref17      =.:.
|region18   ={{flagcountry|Qatar}} 
|pop18      =8,100 
|ref18      =.:.
|region19   = {{flagcountry|Austria}}
|pop19      = 6,000
|ref19      = {{lower|&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstruktur/bevoelkerung_nach_staatsangehoerigkeit_geburtsland/index.html Statistik Austria]&lt;/ref&gt;}}.:
|region20   = {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|pop20      = 2,627
|ref20      = {{lower|&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.npdata.be/BuG/155-Vreemde-afkomst/Vreemde-afkomst.htm Jan Hertogen, Inwoners van vreemde afkomst in België]&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|region21   = {{flagcountry|Ireland}}
|pop21      = 1,695
|ref21      = 
|region22   = {{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
|pop22      = 1,617
|ref22      = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Ethnic group profiles |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/ethnic-profiles.aspx?request_value=24790&amp;parent_id=24761&amp;tabname=#24790 |access-date=2016-08-19 |archive-date=2016-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317153257/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/ethnic-profiles.aspx?request_value=24790&amp;parent_id=24761&amp;tabname=#24790 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;Ref&gt;[http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?Maintable=EY025&amp;Planguage=0 Population Usually Resident and Present in the State who Speak a Language other than English or Irish at Home 2011 to 2016 by  Birthplace, Language Spoken, Age Group and CensusYear - StatBank - data and statistics, www.cso.ie, 2017-07-12]&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] (&lt;small&gt;afka hooyo&lt;/small&gt;), [[Af-Carabi]] (&lt;small&gt;luqada labaad ee Soomaaliya iyo Jabuuti&lt;/small&gt;); afaf kala duwan ee [[Yurub|Yurubeed]] (&lt;small&gt;luqadaha shaqada&lt;/small&gt;)
|rels       = [[Islam]]
}}
'''Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed''' waxaa loola jeedaa  [[Soomaalida]] joogta daafaha aduunka una leh dhaqan oo aan la dagin koox isirkooda ahayn. [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye]] ee [[Soomaaliya]] wuxuu aad u kordhiyay tirada qurbajoogta, sidoo kale waxay sababtay in ay u baxaan [[Soomaaliweyn]] dhankaas iyo [[Bariga dhexe]], [[Yurub]] iyo [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]]. Laakiin Soomaali badan ayaa qurbojoog ahaa xitaa ka hor dagaalka Sokeeye, iyaga oo shaqo iyo waxbarashaba u aaday dalalka Carabta, si gaar ah Sacuudiga, Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska Deegaanka Cardiff&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/jan/23/britishidentity.features11 Deegaanka Cardiff]&lt;/ref&gt; ee Ingiriiska waxaa uu muddo dheer hoy u ahaa Soomaali qurbojoog ah oo halkaa yimid wax badan ka hor xornimada Soomaaliya ee 1960dii.

==Kala firdhad caalami ah==
Soomaalidu waxay ku kala firirsantahay dibadda si aan la hubin, taasoo u sabab ah iskumilanka u dhexeeya tirada qawmiyadda Soomaaliyeed iyo tirada muwaadiniinta Soomaaliya. Inta ugu badan ee Soomaalida haajirtay ee qurbajoogta u haajiray si [[qaxooti]]nimo ah iyo [[magangalyo-doon]], ilaa waqtigaas in badan oo ka mid ah waxa ay heleen [[degganaasho rasmi ah]] ama [[dhalashada]]. Guud ahaan, dadka asalkoodu yahay qawmiyadda soomaalida ioo adduunka soo-galootiga ka ah tiro ahaan waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 1,010,000 qof, ku dhawaad 300,000 deggan [[Bariga Afrika|Bariga]] iyo [[Koonfur Afrika]], 250,000 Woqooyiga Ameerika, 250,000 Yurub, 200,000 Bariga Dhexe, iyo 10,000 in [[Ooshiyaaniya]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&amp;context=bildhaan Shire Saad A. 92 Transactions with Homeland: Remittance]&lt;/ref&gt;

Isbarbardhigga, tirada qaxootiga ka yimid Soomaaliya una diiwaan gashan [[UNHCR]] waa ku dhawaad 975,951 qof. Dadkaas inta ugu badan waxaa laga diiwaan galiyay [[Egypt]] (413,170), [[Yemen]] (253,876), and [[Ethiopia]] (250,988).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |ciwaan=Tirada soomaalida ee u diiwaan gashay si qaxootinimo ah |url=http://data.unhcr.org/horn-of-africa/regional.php |access-date=2016-08-19 |archive-date=2017-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628165215/http://data.unhcr.org/horn-of-africa/regional.php |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sida ay la tahay [[USAID]], inta badan meelahaas barakacayaasha waa meelaha u dhaw dhulka ay degaan [[Jareer Soomaali]] iyo kuwa laga tirada badanyahay. Sidaas daraadeed, qaybtaan waa laga saaraa qurbajoogta Soomaalida.

==Yurub==
===Ingiriiska===
Waa halka ay ku nool yihiin tirada ugu badan qurbojoogta Soomaaliyeed ee Yurub
===Finland===
Waxa ay Soomaalidu bilowday imaanshaha dalkan wixii ka dambeeyay 1991 laakiin Soomaali badan waxa ay u arkaan inay tahay meel lagu meel gaaro iyada oo qorshahoogu yahay inay uga gudbaan dalalka kale ee Yurub.
===Holland===
Holland waa ku nool Soomaali aad u badan oo qaxootinimo ku tagay halkaas wixii ka dambeeyay 1991. Gabadha aad u dhaliisha Islaamka, [[Ayaan Xirsi]] ayaa ka mid ah Soomaalida qaxooti ahaanta ku tagay Holland.::.

==Woqooyiga Ameerika==
[[File:Salaamahut.jpg|thumb|right|Salaama Hut restaurant at a Somali strip mall in [[Toronto]].]]
===United States===
Qurbojoogta Soomaalida ee Mareykankan ka ugu badan waxa ay ku nool yihiin Minnesota, iyada oo Ilham Cumar ay hadda u tartamayso kursiga xildhibaannimo ee deegaankaas.:.
 
===Kanada===
Kanada waa ku nool Soomaali aad u badan. Axmed Xuseen oo Soomaali ah ayaa hadda ah wasiirka Socdaalka, jinsiyadaha iyo arrimaha qaxotiga ee Kanada, Canada.

==Bariga Dhexe==
Soomaalidu waxa ay Barriga Dhexe ku noolaayeen kahor “Dagaalkii Sokeeye”. Waxa ay dalalka carabta u aadi jireen shaqo iyo aqoon-doon.

==Afrika (Qaaradda): ==
Soomaali badan ayaa ku nool dalalka kale ee africa badankood sida:   {{Flag|Egypt}} (251,170); {{Flag|Ethiopia}}; (251,560)  {{Flag|Sudan}}; (205,431)
{{Flag|Kenya}}; (300,000) and {{Flag|South Africa}}: (2001,671).:

==Shirarka Af-soomaaliga==

[https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/weekly-meetings/search/SO/Italy/41.87194,12.56738/@54.075022,5.396141,4z (Yurub): Kulamada qaar ayaa sidoo kale lagu qabtay: Soomaali] {{Wayback|url=https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/weekly-meetings/search/SO/Italy/41.87194,12.56738/@54.075022,5.396141,4z |date=20220327102107 }}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=(Ameerika): Kulamada qaar ayaa sidoo kale lagu qabtay: Soomaali |url=https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/?w=4292FDC8-40AC-4241-A297-28544EC130AA |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2022-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327102107/https://apps.jw.org/ui/E/meeting-search.html#/?w=4292FDC8-40AC-4241-A297-28544EC130AA |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraac==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Raadraac==
*Bjork, Stephanie R and Kusow, Abdi M, ''From Mogadishu to Dixon: The Somali Diaspora in a Global Context'', (Africa World Free Press, 1997)

==Linkiyo banaanka ka ah==
*[http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/RWWC/themes/1078/1267 Reassessing what we collect website - Somali London] History of Somali London with objects and images

{{Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed}}
[[Category:Qawmiyadda Soomaaliyeed|*]]
[[Category:Bulshada Soomaaliyeed|Qurbajoog]]
[[Category:Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed| ]]</text>
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}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:Xubnaha Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]]
[[Category:Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]]
Tixraac&lt;ref&gt;https://www.oic-oci.org/en/members&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Maqaalo la codsaday</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>20453</id>
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      <id>307859</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-11T11:19:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sirmaqabe</username>
        <id>46602</id>
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      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2323" sha1="csxe4j7fncz0qg3z0kua094ksezlvaq" xml:space="preserve">Jimbac is a district in the Somali region of DDS, located in the Afdheer region, northwest of Hargele, about 40 km,,Jimbac – Dhulka Xoolaha iyo Xabagta Dabiiciga ah
Jimbac waa deegaan caan ku ah nolol-dhaqameedka Soomaalida, gaar ahaan xoolaha iyo khayraadka dabiiciga ah. Dadka deegaanka waxay muddo dheer ku tiirsanaayeen dhaqashada geela, riyaha, idaha iyo lo’da, halka dhulka iyo dhirtiisuna ay bixiyaan waxyaabo dabiici ah oo qiimo dhaqaale iyo dhaqanba leh.
🐪 Xoolaha
Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha Jimbac lagu yaqaan waa xoolaha nool. Geela ayaa si gaar ah muhiim ugu ah nolosha reer miyiga, waxaana sidoo kale deegaanka laga dhaqdaa riyo, ido iyo lo'.
Xooluhu waxay dadka ka caawiyaan helitaanka caano, hilib iyo dhaqaale, waxayna qayb weyn ka yihiin dhaqanka iyo nolosha bulshada deegaanka.
🌿 Xabagta dabiiciga ah
Jimbac iyo dhulka ku xeeran waxaa laga heli karaa xabagaha ka yimaada dhirta dabiiciga ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin noocyo kala duwan oo loo isticmaalo dhaqanka, ganacsiga iyo waxyaabo kale.
Fooxa waa mid ka mid ah xabagaha ugu caansan ee dhaqanka Soomaalida. Waxaa laga helaa geedo gaar ah, waxaana loo isticmaalaa udgoon iyo dhaqammo soo jireen ah.
Malmalka isna waa xabag dabiici ah oo qiimo leh, waxaana loo isticmaalaa udgoon iyo ujeeddooyin dhaqameed kala duwan.
Waxaa kale oo jira xabagaha kale ee geedaha, kuwaas oo laga ururiyo dhirta deegaanka, iyadoo dadka aqoonta u leh dhirta ay garanayaan geed kasta iyo xabagta uu soo saaro.
🌳 Khayraadka deegaanka
Dhirta Jimbac ma aha oo keliya meel ay xooluhu ka helaan daaq; waxay sidoo kale qayb ka tahay dhaqaalaha iyo nolol-maalmeedka bulshada. Xabagaha dabiiciga ah waxay noqon karaan il dhaqaale oo muhiim ah haddii si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyo, loo farsameeyo loona suuq geeyo.
🐫 Dhaqan iyo khayraad is barbar socda
Jimbac wuxuu tusaale u yahay deegaan ay isku dhex jiraan xoolo-dhaqasho, dhir dabiici ah iyo dhaqan Soomaaliyeed. Geela iyo xoolaha kale waxay ka tarjumayaan noloshii reer guuraaga, halka fooxa, malmalka iyo xabagaha kale ay muujinayaan qiimaha ay dhirtu u leedahay deegaanka.
Sidaas darteed, Jimbac waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa dhul caan ku ah xoolaha, dhirta iyo xabagaha dabiiciga ah, kuwaas oo haddii la ilaaliyo oo si habboon looga faa’iidaysto noqon kara fursad dhaqaale oo weyn oo u soo kordha bulshada deegaanka</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tajikistan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>29887</id>
    <redirect title="Tadsjikistan" />
    <revision>
      <id>307728</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-10T23:50:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soalt</username>
        <id>39618</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>tixraac iyo template-yo lagu daray</comment>
      <origin>307728</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="8586" sha1="0oeiummdo3rszb0cz66wok9uzmgbkrx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Republic of Tajikistan|common_name=Tajikistan|native_name={{unbulleted list|
|{{native name|tg|Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Jumhurii Tojikiston''}}}}|image_flag=Flag of Tajikistan.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of Tajikistan.svg|symbol_type=Emblem|national_motto=|national_anthem=''[[Surudi Milli|Суруди Миллӣ]]''&lt;br /&gt;({{Lang-en|&quot;National Anthem&quot;}})&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National anthem of Tajikistan, performed by the U.S. Navy Band.flac]]&lt;/center&gt;|image_map=Tajikistan (orthographic projection).svg|map_caption={{map caption |location_color= green}}|capital=[[Dushanbe]]|coordinates={{Coord|38|33|N|68|48|E|type:city}}|largest_city=capital|official_languages=[[Tajik language|Tajik]]|regional_languages=|languages_type=Inter-ethnic&lt;br /&gt;language|languages=[[Russian language|Russian]]|ethnic_groups={{unbulleted list
  | 84.2% [[Tajik people|Tajik]]
  | 13.9% [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]]
  | 0.8% [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
  | 0.4% [[Russians|Russian]]
  | 0.7% others
 }}|ethnic_groups_year=2010&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116004155/http://stat.tj/en/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355502192.pdf Национальный состав, владение языками и гражданство населения Республики Таджикистан Том III]. stat.tj&lt;/ref&gt;|religion=|demonym=Tajik or Tajikistani&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thoughtco.com/the-names-of-nationalities-4088817 The Names of Nationalities]&lt;/ref&gt;|government_type=[[Unitary system|Unitary]] [[dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[presidential system|presidential]] [[constitution]]al [[republic]]|leader_title1=[[President of Tajikistan|President]]|leader_name1=[[Emomali Rahmon]]|leader_title2=[[Prime Minister of Tajikistan|Prime Minister]]|leader_name2=[[Kokhir Rasulzoda]]|leader_title3=Chairman of the [[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|Majlisi Milli]]|leader_name3=[[Mahmadsaid Ubaydulloyev]]|legislature=[[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|Supreme Assembly]]|upper_house=[[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|National Assembly]]|lower_house=[[Assembly of Representatives (Tajikistan)|Assembly of Representatives]]|sovereignty_type=[[History of Tajikistan|Formation]]|established_event1=[[Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik ASSR]]|established_date1=27 October 1924|established_event2=[[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik SSR]]|established_date2=5 December 1929|established_event3=[[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Independence]] from the [[Soviet Union]]|established_date3=9 September 1991|established_event4=[[Alma-Ata Protocol|CIS full membership]]|established_date4=21 December 1991|established_event5=Recognized|established_date5=26 December 1991|established_event6=[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 738|Admitted to the]] [[United Nations]]|established_date6=2 March 1992|established_event7=[[Constitution of Tajikistan|Current constitution]]|established_date7=6 November 1994|area_km2=143,100|area_rank=94th &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--&gt;|area_sq_mi=55,251|percent_water=1.8|population_estimate=9,275,827 &lt;ref name=&quot;worldometers.info&quot;&gt;[https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/tajikistan-population/]&lt;/ref&gt;|population_estimate_rank=(96th) &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/]&lt;/ref&gt;|population_estimate_year=2019|population_density_km2=48.6|population_density_sq_mi=125.8|population_density_rank=155th|GDP_PPP=$30.547 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=45&amp;pr.y=14&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2018&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=923&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|website=IMF.org |access-date=3 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|GDP_PPP_year=2018|GDP_PPP_rank=132nd|GDP_PPP_per_capita=$3,354&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=155th|GDP_nominal=$7.350 billion&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;|GDP_nominal_year=2018|GDP_nominal_rank=147th|GDP_nominal_per_capita=$807&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=164th|Gini=34 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|Gini_year=2015|Gini_change=&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|Gini_ref=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&amp;series=SI.POV.GINI |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]]|website=databank.worldbank.org |access-date=3 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Gini_rank=|HDI=0.650 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|HDI_year=2018 &lt;!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--&gt;|HDI_change=increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|HDI_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update |title=2018 Human Development Report |year=2018 |accessdate=14 September 2018 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203906/http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;|HDI_rank=127th|currency=[[Somoni]]|currency_code=TJS|time_zone=[[Tajikistan Time|TJT]]|utc_offset=+5|utc_offset_DST=|time_zone_DST=|drives_on=right|calling_code=[[+992]]|cctld=[[.tj]]
&lt;!--
 ORPHANED:
| footnote_a               = Estimate from State Statistical Committee of Tajikistan, 2008; rank based on UN figures for 2005.  ---&gt;|country_code=}}

'''Jamhuuriyadda Tadsjiikistaan''' ([[Af-Tajiki]]: '''''Тоҷикистон''''') waa wadan oo [[Dhul xiran]] oo kuyaalo qarada [[Aasiya]]. Caasimada Tadsjikistan waa [[Dushanbe]].

=Juqraafi=
Tajikistan waa dal buuraley ah, dal ku yaal Bartamaha Aasiya oo leh  aag dhan 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi) iyo dad lagu qiyaasey 9,275,828 qof. [1]  Waxaa xaduud u ah Afghanistan xagga koonfureed, [[Usbekistan]] dhinaca galbeed, [[Kirgistan]] dhanka woqooyi, iyo [[Shiinaha]] dhanka bari.  Meelaha dhaqameed ee dadka reer Tajik waxaa ka mid ah Tajikistan xilligan la joogo iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid Afghanistan iyo Uzbekistan.

=Taariiq=
Dhulka hadda ka kooban Tajikistan wuxuu hore u ahaan jiray dhaqamo badan oo qadiim ah, oo ay ku jirto magaalada Sarazm ee Neolithic iyo Dahabka, oo markii dambe hoy u ahayd boqortooyooyinka ay xukumaan dad diimo kala duwan iyo dhaqamo ay ka mid yihiin, ilbaxnimada Oxus,  Dhaqanka Andronovo, [[Buddhism]], [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyada]] Nestoriyaanka, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism iyo [[Islaam]].  Aagga waxaa xukumayey boqortooyooyin fara badan, oo ay ku jiraan Boqortooyada Achaemenid, Boqortooyada Sanaania, Heftahalite, Boqortooyada Samanid, [[Mongolia|Mongol]] Empire, boqortooyadii Timurid, Khanate ee Bukhara, Boqortooyada [[Ruushka]], iyo markii dambe [[Midowga Sofiyet]]ka.  Midowga Soofiyetka dhexdooda, xuduudaha casriga ee dalka waxaa la soo saaray markay qayb ka ahayd [[Usbekistan]] sidii jamhuuriyad iskeed u madaxbannaan ka hor inta aysan noqon jamhuuriyad buuxda oo Soviet 1922 ah.

=Asaas=
9kii Sebtember 1991, Tajikistan waxay noqotay qaran madaxbanaan oo madax banaan markii [[Midowga Sofiyet]] burburay.  Dagaal sokeeye ayaa isla markiiba la dagaalamay madaxbanaanida kadib, oo soconeysa laga soo bilaabo 1992 ilaa 1997. Ilaa iyo dhamaadka dagaalka, xasiloonida siyaasadeed ee dhowaan la asaasay iyo kaalmooyinka shisheeye waxay u ogolaadeen dhaqaalaha dalka inuu kobco.  Sida dhammaan dowladaha kale ee dariska la ah Eeshiya ee Bartamaha, dalka, oo uu hogaaminayo Madaxweyne Emomali Rahmon ilaa 1994, waxaa dhaleeceeyay dhowr urur oo aan dowli aheyn oo ku aadan hogaaminta awooda, xoriyada diinta, musuqmaasuqa iyo ku xadgudubka baahsan ee xuquuqda aadanaha.

=Luqad iyo dhaqan=
Tajikistan waa jamhuuriyad madaxweyne oo ka kooban afar gobol.  Inta ugu badan dadka Tajikistan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qowmiyadda Tajik, kuwa ku hadla Tajik (lahjad reer Faaris).  Ruushka waxaa loo adeegsadaa luqadda isir ahaan.  In kasta oo gobolka uu yahay mid dastuuri ah, haddana diinta Islaamka waxaa ku dhaqma 98% dadweynaha.  Gorno-Badakhshan Oblast ee Tajikistan, in kasta oo ay deggan tahay dadka deggan, haddana waxaa jira kala duwanaansho luqadeed oo kala duwan halka Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi iyo Tajik ay yihiin qaar ka mid ah luqadaha lagu hadlo.  Buuruhu waxay daboolaan wax kabadan 90% dalka.  Waxay leedahay dhaqaale kala guur ah oo si weyn ugu tiirsan xawaaladaha, aluminiumka iyo soosaarka suufka.  

=Ururaha xubin ka tahay=
*[[Qaramada Midoobay]] 
*CIS
*OSCE
*OIC
*ECO
*SCO
*CSTO 

Sidoo kale waa lamaane NATO PfP ah.

=Tixraac=
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]</text>
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      <comment>Category:Wadamada Aasiya</comment>
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      <text bytes="8615" sha1="ojvokwp0ae0e4q7x4pdvdjplzrql7w9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Republic of Tajikistan|common_name=Tajikistan|native_name={{unbulleted list|
|{{native name|tg|Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Jumhurii Tojikiston''}}}}|image_flag=Flag of Tajikistan.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of Tajikistan.svg|symbol_type=Emblem|national_motto=|national_anthem=''[[Surudi Milli|Суруди Миллӣ]]''&lt;br /&gt;({{Lang-en|&quot;National Anthem&quot;}})&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National anthem of Tajikistan, performed by the U.S. Navy Band.flac]]&lt;/center&gt;|image_map=Tajikistan (orthographic projection).svg|map_caption={{map caption |location_color= green}}|capital=[[Dushanbe]]|coordinates={{Coord|38|33|N|68|48|E|type:city}}|largest_city=capital|official_languages=[[Tajik language|Tajik]]|regional_languages=|languages_type=Inter-ethnic&lt;br /&gt;language|languages=[[Russian language|Russian]]|ethnic_groups={{unbulleted list
  | 84.2% [[Tajik people|Tajik]]
  | 13.9% [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]]
  | 0.8% [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
  | 0.4% [[Russians|Russian]]
  | 0.7% others
 }}|ethnic_groups_year=2010&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116004155/http://stat.tj/en/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355502192.pdf Национальный состав, владение языками и гражданство населения Республики Таджикистан Том III]. stat.tj&lt;/ref&gt;|religion=|demonym=Tajik or Tajikistani&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thoughtco.com/the-names-of-nationalities-4088817 The Names of Nationalities]&lt;/ref&gt;|government_type=[[Unitary system|Unitary]] [[dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[presidential system|presidential]] [[constitution]]al [[republic]]|leader_title1=[[President of Tajikistan|President]]|leader_name1=[[Emomali Rahmon]]|leader_title2=[[Prime Minister of Tajikistan|Prime Minister]]|leader_name2=[[Kokhir Rasulzoda]]|leader_title3=Chairman of the [[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|Majlisi Milli]]|leader_name3=[[Mahmadsaid Ubaydulloyev]]|legislature=[[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|Supreme Assembly]]|upper_house=[[Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)|National Assembly]]|lower_house=[[Assembly of Representatives (Tajikistan)|Assembly of Representatives]]|sovereignty_type=[[History of Tajikistan|Formation]]|established_event1=[[Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik ASSR]]|established_date1=27 October 1924|established_event2=[[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik SSR]]|established_date2=5 December 1929|established_event3=[[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Independence]] from the [[Soviet Union]]|established_date3=9 September 1991|established_event4=[[Alma-Ata Protocol|CIS full membership]]|established_date4=21 December 1991|established_event5=Recognized|established_date5=26 December 1991|established_event6=[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 738|Admitted to the]] [[United Nations]]|established_date6=2 March 1992|established_event7=[[Constitution of Tajikistan|Current constitution]]|established_date7=6 November 1994|area_km2=143,100|area_rank=94th &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--&gt;|area_sq_mi=55,251|percent_water=1.8|population_estimate=9,275,827 &lt;ref name=&quot;worldometers.info&quot;&gt;[https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/tajikistan-population/]&lt;/ref&gt;|population_estimate_rank=(96th) &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/]&lt;/ref&gt;|population_estimate_year=2019|population_density_km2=48.6|population_density_sq_mi=125.8|population_density_rank=155th|GDP_PPP=$30.547 billion&lt;ref name=imf2&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=45&amp;pr.y=14&amp;sy=2015&amp;ey=2018&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=923&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|website=IMF.org |access-date=3 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|GDP_PPP_year=2018|GDP_PPP_rank=132nd|GDP_PPP_per_capita=$3,354&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=155th|GDP_nominal=$7.350 billion&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;|GDP_nominal_year=2018|GDP_nominal_rank=147th|GDP_nominal_per_capita=$807&lt;ref name=imf2 /&gt;|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=164th|Gini=34 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|Gini_year=2015|Gini_change=&lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|Gini_ref=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&amp;series=SI.POV.GINI |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]]|website=databank.worldbank.org |access-date=3 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|Gini_rank=|HDI=0.650 &lt;!--number only--&gt;|HDI_year=2018 &lt;!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--&gt;|HDI_change=increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;|HDI_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update |title=2018 Human Development Report |year=2018 |accessdate=14 September 2018 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203906/http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;|HDI_rank=127th|currency=[[Somoni]]|currency_code=TJS|time_zone=[[Tajikistan Time|TJT]]|utc_offset=+5|utc_offset_DST=|time_zone_DST=|drives_on=right|calling_code=[[+992]]|cctld=[[.tj]]
&lt;!--
 ORPHANED:
| footnote_a               = Estimate from State Statistical Committee of Tajikistan, 2008; rank based on UN figures for 2005.  ---&gt;|country_code=}}

'''Jamhuuriyadda Tadsjiikistaan''' ([[Af-Tajiki]]: '''''Тоҷикистон''''') waa wadan oo [[Dhul xiran]] oo kuyaalo qarada [[Aasiya]]. Caasimada Tadsjikistan waa [[Dushanbe]].

=Juqraafi=
Tajikistan waa dal buuraley ah, dal ku yaal Bartamaha Aasiya oo leh  aag dhan 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi) iyo dad lagu qiyaasey 9,275,828 qof. [1]  Waxaa xaduud u ah Afghanistan xagga koonfureed, [[Usbekistan]] dhinaca galbeed, [[Kirgistan]] dhanka woqooyi, iyo [[Shiinaha]] dhanka bari.  Meelaha dhaqameed ee dadka reer Tajik waxaa ka mid ah Tajikistan xilligan la joogo iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid Afghanistan iyo Uzbekistan.

=Taariiq=
Dhulka hadda ka kooban Tajikistan wuxuu hore u ahaan jiray dhaqamo badan oo qadiim ah, oo ay ku jirto magaalada Sarazm ee Neolithic iyo Dahabka, oo markii dambe hoy u ahayd boqortooyooyinka ay xukumaan dad diimo kala duwan iyo dhaqamo ay ka mid yihiin, ilbaxnimada Oxus,  Dhaqanka Andronovo, [[Buddhism]], [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyada]] Nestoriyaanka, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism iyo [[Islaam]].  Aagga waxaa xukumayey boqortooyooyin fara badan, oo ay ku jiraan Boqortooyada Achaemenid, Boqortooyada Sanaania, Heftahalite, Boqortooyada Samanid, [[Mongolia|Mongol]] Empire, boqortooyadii Timurid, Khanate ee Bukhara, Boqortooyada [[Ruushka]], iyo markii dambe [[Midowga Sofiyet]]ka.  Midowga Soofiyetka dhexdooda, xuduudaha casriga ee dalka waxaa la soo saaray markay qayb ka ahayd [[Usbekistan]] sidii jamhuuriyad iskeed u madaxbannaan ka hor inta aysan noqon jamhuuriyad buuxda oo Soviet 1922 ah.

=Asaas=
9kii Sebtember 1991, Tajikistan waxay noqotay qaran madaxbanaan oo madax banaan markii [[Midowga Sofiyet]] burburay.  Dagaal sokeeye ayaa isla markiiba la dagaalamay madaxbanaanida kadib, oo soconeysa laga soo bilaabo 1992 ilaa 1997. Ilaa iyo dhamaadka dagaalka, xasiloonida siyaasadeed ee dhowaan la asaasay iyo kaalmooyinka shisheeye waxay u ogolaadeen dhaqaalaha dalka inuu kobco.  Sida dhammaan dowladaha kale ee dariska la ah Eeshiya ee Bartamaha, dalka, oo uu hogaaminayo Madaxweyne Emomali Rahmon ilaa 1994, waxaa dhaleeceeyay dhowr urur oo aan dowli aheyn oo ku aadan hogaaminta awooda, xoriyada diinta, musuqmaasuqa iyo ku xadgudubka baahsan ee xuquuqda aadanaha.

=Luqad iyo dhaqan=
Tajikistan waa jamhuuriyad madaxweyne oo ka kooban afar gobol.  Inta ugu badan dadka Tajikistan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qowmiyadda Tajik, kuwa ku hadla Tajik (lahjad reer Faaris).  Ruushka waxaa loo adeegsadaa luqadda isir ahaan.  In kasta oo gobolka uu yahay mid dastuuri ah, haddana diinta Islaamka waxaa ku dhaqma 98% dadweynaha.  Gorno-Badakhshan Oblast ee Tajikistan, in kasta oo ay deggan tahay dadka deggan, haddana waxaa jira kala duwanaansho luqadeed oo kala duwan halka Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi iyo Tajik ay yihiin qaar ka mid ah luqadaha lagu hadlo.  Buuruhu waxay daboolaan wax kabadan 90% dalka.  Waxay leedahay dhaqaale kala guur ah oo si weyn ugu tiirsan xawaaladaha, aluminiumka iyo soosaarka suufka.  

=Ururaha xubin ka tahay=
*[[Qaramada Midoobay]] 
*CIS
*OSCE
*OIC
*ECO
*SCO
*CSTO 

Sidoo kale waa lamaane NATO PfP ah.

=Tixraac=
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}}
{{Dalalka Aasiya}}
[[Category:Aasiya]]
[[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]]</text>
      <sha1>ojvokwp0ae0e4q7x4pdvdjplzrql7w9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>307783</id>
      <parentid>307729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T03:32:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bog loo bedeley [[Tadsjikistan]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="45" sha1="lr1q4676gaepztzbebc52tvon9gy510" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Tadsjikistan]]
__STATICREDIRECT__</text>
      <sha1>lr1q4676gaepztzbebc52tvon9gy510</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cal Miskaad</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>31020</id>
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        <id>47176</id>
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      <comment>/* */ xigasho</comment>
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      <text bytes="1527" sha1="fdpmbdr6qamm2ir17gejoruvdwwcgzm" xml:space="preserve">'''Cal Miskaad''' sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Buuraleyda Cal Miskaad''', waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ka tirsan silsilada buuraha [[Golis]]. Waxaa ku yaala [[Buurta Baxaya]] oo ah buurta saddexaad ee ugu dheer dalka [[Soomaaliya]], iyo buuraha [[Habeeno]], Marmar, buurta buur-badeed, [[Fadhisame]] , Jidin, Guri Awr,Marraagade, Shikshikow, Bakuuje, Buqo Caleed, Hugayr , Aroor Buqeed ,Casaasa,iyo meelo kale.

Sidoo Kale Calmiskaad Waxaa Katalin Jiray Saldanadda Cal Miskaad (Af-Soomaali: Sultanate of Cal Miskaad, Af-Carabi: سلطنة المسكاد), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanay Saldanaddii Dishiishe ama Saldanaddii Boosaaso, waxay ahayd Ugaasnimo Soomaaliyeed oo jirtay qarnigii 17aad ilaa qarnigii 20aad, kuna taallay deegaannada galbeedka gobolka Bari. Xilligii dambe, awooddeedu waxay ku fiday qaybo ka mid ah gobolka Sanaag.[1]

Saldanadda waxaa la aasaasay sannadkii 1777-kii, waxaana dhidibada u taagay Ugaas  Samatar, oo ahaa hoggaamiye, dagaalyahan iyo gabyaa. Ugaas Samatar wuxuu dhowr jeer dagaallo la galay gumaystihii Talyaaniga.

Awoodda iyo jiritaanka Saldanadda dhinacyadeeda kala duwan waxaa laf-dhabar u ahaa beesha Dishiishe.

intaa inglish ubedel

Intaas inglish ubedel

==External Links==
*https://radiokulmiye.net/2020/05/15/al-shabaab-oo-weerar-ku-qaaday-gobolka-bari/ {{Wayback|url=https://radiokulmiye.net/2020/05/15/al-shabaab-oo-weerar-ku-qaaday-gobolka-bari/ |date=20200712193751 }}
* https://mapcarta.com/12453418
==Tixraac==

[[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]]
[[Category:Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya]]</text>
      <sha1>fdpmbdr6qamm2ir17gejoruvdwwcgzm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>307726</id>
      <parentid>307725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-10T17:53:32Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1482" sha1="q4uo0gbuwwulonrrp31peklpnxwdxdn" xml:space="preserve">'''Cal Miskaad''' sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Buuraleyda Cal Miskaad''', waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ka tirsan silsilada buuraha [[Golis]]. Waxaa ku yaala [[Buurta Baxaya]] oo ah buurta saddexaad ee ugu dheer dalka [[Soomaaliya]], iyo buuraha [[Habeeno]], Marmar, buurta buur-badeed, [[Fadhisame]] , Jidin, Guri Awr,Marraagade, Shikshikow, Bakuuje, Buqo Caleed, Hugayr , Aroor Buqeed ,Casaasa,iyo meelo kale.

Sidoo Kale Calmiskaad Waxaa Katalin Jiray Saldanadda Cal Miskaad (Af-Soomaali: Sultanate of Cal Miskaad, Af-Carabi: سلطنة المسكاد), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanay Saldanaddii Dishiishe ama Saldanaddii Boosaaso, waxay ahayd Ugaasnimo Soomaaliyeed oo jirtay qarnigii 17aad ilaa qarnigii 20aad, kuna taallay deegaannada galbeedka gobolka Bari. Xilligii dambe, awooddeedu waxay ku fiday qaybo ka mid ah gobolka Sanaag.[1]

Saldanadda waxaa la aasaasay sannadkii 1777-kii, waxaana dhidibada u taagay Ugaas  Samatar, oo ahaa hoggaamiye, dagaalyahan iyo gabyaa. Ugaas Samatar wuxuu dhowr jeer dagaallo la galay gumaystihii Talyaaniga.

Awoodda iyo jiritaanka Saldanadda dhinacyadeeda kala duwan waxaa laf-dhabar u ahaa beesha Dishiishe.

==External Links==
*https://radiokulmiye.net/2020/05/15/al-shabaab-oo-weerar-ku-qaaday-gobolka-bari/ {{Wayback|url=https://radiokulmiye.net/2020/05/15/al-shabaab-oo-weerar-ku-qaaday-gobolka-bari/ |date=20200712193751 }}
* https://mapcarta.com/12453418
==Tixraac==

[[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]]
[[Category:Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Saldanadii Cal Miskaad</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>/* */ Xigasho</comment>
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      <text bytes="2457" sha1="3wtpnbxqwnubo5a603clbx3mcf5u9x3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name            = Suldanadda Cal Miskaad &lt;br /&gt;𐒈𐒚𐒐𐒆𐒖𐒒𐒖𐒆𐒆𐒖 𐒔𐒙𐒁𐒕𐒙&lt;br /&gt; {{lang|ar|سلطنة المسكاد }}
|conventional_long_name = Suldanadda Dishiishe
|common_name            = Sultanate of Dishiishe
|continent              = Afrika
|region                 = Geeska Afrika             
  = [[Soomaali]]&lt;br /&gt;Suldanadii Dishiishe (1777–1929)
|country                = Soomaaliya
|year_start             = 1777
|year_end               = 1929
|p1                     = 
|flag_p1                = 
|s1                     = Italian Somaliland
|flag_s1                = 
|date_start             = 
|date_end               = 
|event_start            = 
|event_end              = 
|image_flag_size        = 
|flag                   = 
|image_flag             = 
|image_coat             = 
|image_map              =
|image_map_caption      = 
|national_motto         = 
|national_anthem        = 
|capital                = [[Boosaaso]]
|common_languages       = [[Af-Soomaali]]{{·}}[[Af Carabi]]
|government_type        = [[Ugaastooyo]] // Boqortooyo
|leader1                = Ugaas cali gurey mohamud samatar
|year_leader1           = 1777-1929
|leader2                = 
|year_leader2           = 
|title_leader           = [[Ugaas]]
|leader3                = 
|year_leader3           = 
|legislature            =
|stat_year1             = 
|stat_pop1              = 
|stat_area4             = 
|population_density3    = 
|religion               = [[Islam]]
|currency               =
|today                  = {{flag|Somalia}}
}}

'''Saldanadda Cal Miskaad''' ({{lang-so|''Sultanate of Cal Miskaad''}}, {{lang-ar| سلطنة المسكاد}}), sidoo kale loo yaqaanay '''Saldanadii Dishiishe''' ama '''Saldanadii Boosaaso''',&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;http://www.somalitalk.com/2008/sept/10sep1808.html&lt;/ref&gt; waxay ahayd Ugaastooyo  [[Soomaali]] qarnigii 17aad ilaa qarnigii 20aad ka jirtey deegaanada galbeedka gobolka Bari, iyadoo markii dame awoodeedu ku fiday qaybo ka mid ah gobolka Sanaag.
Waxaa aasaasey 1777-dii Ugaas Samatar oo ahaa, hoggaamiye, dagaalyahan iyo gabyaa dhowr jeer dagaal la galay gumaystihii Talyaaniga. Awooda Saldanada ee dhinac walba waxaa lafdhabar u ahaa beesha Diishiishe.

==Sidoo kale fiiri==
*[[Saldanadii Cadal]]
*[[Saldanadii Warsangali]]
*[[Cismaan Yuusuf Keenadiid]]
==Tixraac==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Soomaaliya]]
[[Category:Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jaamacadda Borås</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1239" sha1="qvp74jjxbuojdeivoydi5zf9jv8at4i" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Swedish university college}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox university|name=University of Borås|doctoral=68 (2020) {{clarify|reason=is this students or staff w/phd?|date=March 2021}}|free=|free_label=|affiliations=[[European University Association|EUA]]|mascot=|colours=|campus=|vice_chancellor=Mats Tinnsten&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Mats Tinnsten | website=Högskolan i Borås | url=https://www.hb.se/en/shortcuts/contact/employee/MTTI/ | access-date=10 March 2021 | archive-date=10 Bisha Saddexaad 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310081255/https://www.hb.se/en/shortcuts/contact/employee/MTTI/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|staff=Appr. 760 (2020),&lt;ref name=about/&gt; 441 lecturers (56 % PhD)|academic_staff=45 (professors, 2020)|native_name=Högskolan i Borås|postgrad=|undergrad=|students=17,400&lt;ref name=about/&gt;|country=Sweden|city=[[Borås]]|type=[[Public university|public]]|established=1977{{cn|date=March 2021}}|image=Högskolan i Borås Logo.svg|website={{url|https://www.hb.se/en/}}}}

The Jaamacadda Borås, or '''Högskolan i Borås''', waa jaamacad ku taal magaalada [[Borås]]. Waxa la aasaasay 1977. Sanadka 2021 waxa JB dhigta qiyaastii 17,000 arday, shaqaaluhuna waa 760.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Soomaaliya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="176321" sha1="gmg9txzv9eb5cort9m2q15g38u9ru8c" xml:space="preserve">'''Soomaaliya''', sida rasmiga ah Jamhuuriyadda '''Federaalka Soomaaliya''' waa dalka bari ee qaaradda Afrika . Waxay ku fidsan tahay Geeska Afrika , waxay xad la wadaagtaa [[Itoobiya]] galbeed, [[Jabuuti]]  waqooyi galbeed, [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed oo waqooyi, iyo bari [[badweynta Hindiya]] . Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika.  Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 18.1 milyan,  kuwaas oo 2.7 milyan ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee [[Muqdisho]] . Mid ka mid ah wadamada Afrika ee isku isir ahaan isku hayb ah, ku dhawaad ​​85% dadka Soomaaliya deggan waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah . Luuqadaha rasmiga ah ee dalka waa [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaali]] iyo [[carabi]] in kastoo [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaaligu]] yahay luuqadda koowaad . Soomaaliya waxay xiriir taariikhi ah iyo mid diimeed la leedahay dalalka Carabta .  Dadku waa muslimiin , oo raacsan laanta sunniga .
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Somalia
| common_name            = Somalia
| native_name            = {{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|ar|جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;
Jumhūriyah aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fīdirāliyah
| image_flag             = Flag of Somalia.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg
| coa_size               = 100
| languages2_type        = Luuqada labaad
| languages2             = [[Carabi]]
| national_anthem        = {{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;&quot;&gt;[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]&lt;/div&gt;
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File:Somalia_svg_map.svg|frameless]]&lt;br /&gt;{{Legend|#336830|Dhulka gacanta lagu hayo}}{{Legend|#61E760|[[Somaliland|Dhul sheegta balse aan la xakameyn]]}}|Show globe|[[File:Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Show map of Somalia|default=1}}
| capital                = [[Muqdisho]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}}
| largest_city           = [[Muqdisho]]
| official_languages     = {{hlist|[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] &lt;ref name=MFA&gt;{{cite web|url=https://web.mfa.gov.so/the-government/|title=The Government|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs &amp; International Cooperation|access-date=27 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Ali&gt;{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Maryan|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa|editor1-first=Esther Mukewa|editor1-last=Lisanza|editor2-first=Leonard|editor2-last=Muaka|chapter=Language Policy in Somaliland and Somalia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|year=2024|isbn=9783031573071|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_24|pages=511–524}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |date=10 November 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125103534/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| religion               = [[Islaam|Sunni Islaam]] (Rasmiga ah)&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt; &lt;!-- check factbook references before changing! --&gt;
| demonym                = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]  &lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
| government_type        = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda baarlamaanka Federal]]
| leader_title1          = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxwaynaha]]
| leader_name1           = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]
| leader_title2          = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]
| leader_name2           = [[Xamse cabdi barre]]
| legislature            = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]]
| upper_house            = [[Aqalka Sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Guurtida]]
| lower_house            = Golaha Shacabka
| sovereignty_type       =Dhisidda 
| established_event1     = [[Dhul Udug]]
| established_date1      = 2350 BC
| established_event2     = [[Macrobians|Macrobia]]
| established_date2      = 980 BC
| established_event3     = [[Barbaria (region)|Barbaria]]
| established_date3      = 100 BC
| established_event4     = [[Saldanadii Cadal]]
| established_date4      = Qarniga 9aad &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ |title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho |date=1969 |publisher=International African Institute |pages=140 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established_event5     = [[Muqdisho|Saldanadii Muqdisho]]
| established_date5      = Qarniga 10aad
| established_event6     = [[Saldanadi Ifat]]
| established_date6      = Qarniga 13aad
| established_event7     = [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]]
| established_date7      = Qarniga 13aad
| established_event8     = [[Hiraab|Hiraab Imamate]]
| established_date8      = Qarniga 16aad
| established_event9     = [[Geledi|Saldanadii Geledi]]
| established_date9      = 1695–1911
| established_event10    = [[ Majeerteen |Saldanadii Majeerteen]]
| established_date10     = 1648–1927
| established_event11    = [[Hobyo|Saldanadii Hobyo]]
| established_date11     = 1878–1927
| established_event12    = [[Isimtooyada Isaaq|Saldanadii isaaq]]
| established_date12     = 1749–1884
| established_event13    = [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]]
| established_date13     = 1884
| established_event14    = [[Mustacmarka Talyaani Soomaaliya|Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga]]
| established_date14     = 1889
| established_event15    = [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Soomaaliya|Xorriyadda]] iyo midowga la leh [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlada Somaliland]]
| established_date15     = 1 July 1960
| established_event16    = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda jira]]
| established_date16     = 1 Ogosto 2012
| area_km2               = 637,657&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;
| area_rank              = 43aad &lt;!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--&gt;
| area_sq_mi             = 246,200 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--&gt;
| percent_water          = 
| population_estimate    = 19,280,850&lt;ref name=&quot;data.humdata.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=OCHA Somalia - Subnational Population Statistics |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ps-som}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2025
| population_estimate_rank = 66aad
| population_density_km2 = 27.2&lt;ref name=&quot;WPP_2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|title=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects |edition=online |publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|website=population.un.org|access-date=16 July 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--&gt;
| population_density_rank = 
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} $34.118 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Somalia – IMF DataMapper |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/SOM |website=imf.org |publisher=[[IMF]] |date=April 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2026
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 147aad
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{increase}} $1,965&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179aad
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} $14.174 bilyan&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2026
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 145aad
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $813&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;
| Gini                   = 36.8&lt;!--number only--&gt;
| Gini_year              = 2017
| Gini_change            = &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref               = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|archive-date=17 Bisha Todobaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = &lt;!--number only--&gt;0.404
| HDI_year               = 2023&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change             = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank               = 192aad
| currency               = [[Shilin Soomaali|Soomaali shillin]]
| currency_code          = SOS
| time_zone              = [[East Africa Time|EAT]]
| utc_offset             = +3
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| time_zone_DST          = 
| drives_on              = Sax
| calling_code           = [[+252]]
| cctld                  = [[.so]]
| ethnic_groups          = {{plainlist|
* [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]: 85%
* [[Tirakoobka daljoogaha Soomaaliya|Kuwa kale ]]: 15%
}}
| ethnic_groups_ref      = &lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3QwAQAAIAAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho|date=1998|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ethnic_groups_year     = 2021
}}

Waagii hore, Soomaaliya waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi oo muhiim ah. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii dhexe, dhowr boqortooyo oo xoog badan ayaa ka talinayay ganacsiga gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Suldaanka Ajuran]] , [[Adal Sultanate]] , iyo Suldaanka Geledi . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, suldaanadii Soomaaliyeed waxa gumaystay boqortooyadii [[Talyaaniga]] iyo [[Ingiriiska]]  kuwaas oo dhammaan dhulalkaas qabyaaladda isugu daray laba gumaysi oo kala ah : Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] .  1960kii, labada dhul ayaa midoobay si ay u dhistaan ​​Jamhuuriyad Soomaaliyeed oo madax bannaan oo hoos timaada dowlad rayid ah. Siyaad Barre oo ka tirsanaa Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC) ayaa xukunka la wareegay 1969-kii, wuxuuna aasaasay [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga]] ahayd ee Soomaaliya , isagoo isku dayay inuu si naxariis darro ah u burburiyo Dagaalkii Madax-bannaanida [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] ee waqooyiga dalka. SRC waxay burburtay 1991 markii uu bilaabmay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya .  Dawladdii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Soomaaliya (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay 2000, ka dibna waxaa la dhisay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee Soomaaliya (TFG) 2004tii, taasoo dib u soo celisay ciidamadii qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya . 
Dhamaadkii 2006dii, duullaan ay Xabashida Maraykanku dabada ka riixayeen ayaa afgambiyay Maxkamadihii Islaamiga ahaa (ICU), taasoo keentay in ay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee [[Muqdisho]] ka dhisto Muqdisho oo ay ciidammada Itoobiya qabsadeen .  Kacdoonkii xigay ee soo shaac baxay ayaa maxaakiimta u kala jabay jabhado kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto kooxda xagjirka ah ee [[al-Shabaab]] , kuwaas oo dagaal daba dheeraaday kula jiray ciidamada Itoobiya.  Al-Shabaab waxay markiiba bilawday inay xaqiijiso in ay ka talinayso dhuleed markii ugu horaysay, iyadoo dabayaaqadii 2008 ay jabhadu ka saartay ciidamada Itoobiya inta badan Soomaaliya. Sannadkii 2009, dawlad cusub oo TFG ah ayaa la dhisay.  Bartamihii 2012, al-Shabaab waxay lumisay inta badan dhulalkeeda intii ay socdeen dagaalladii ka dhanka ahaa TFG iyo [[ciidamada Midowga Afrika]] .  Isla sanadkaas, al-Shabaab waxay ballan-qaadday inay la midoobayaan al-Qaacida .  Muqaawamada ayaa weli gacanta ku haysa inta badan bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya, waxayna saameyn ku leeyihiin meelaha ay dowladdu maamusho,  iyadoo magaalada Jilib ay u tahay caasimadda u ah fallaagada. Dastuur cusub oo ku meel gaar ah ayaa la ansixiyay Agoosto 2012, dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay Soomaaliya sida federaal .  Isla bishaas, waxaa la dhisay Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya , waxaana dib u dhis lagu sameeyay Muqdisho.
Soomaaliya waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu horumarsan caalamka, waxaana daliil u ah sida ay u qiimeeyeen mitirka mitirka sida GDP qofkiiba iyo halka ay ku dhowdahay halka ugu hooseysa ee Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha , waxa ay ka sareysaa oo kaliya Koonfurta Suudaan . Waxay ilaalisay dhaqaale aan rasmi ahayn oo inta badan ku salaysan xoolaha nool, xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee dibadda ka shaqeeya iyo isgaarsiinta.  Waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay ,  [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] , Midowga Afrika ,  Dhaqdhaqaaq aan Isbahaysi ahayn ,  Bulshada Bariga Afrika ,  iyo Ururka [[Islaam|Iskaashiga Islaamka]]

==Asalka erayga==
Samaale, oo ah awoowaha ugu da'da weyn dhowr qabiil oo Soomaaliyeed, ayaa guud ahaan loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay halka uu ka soo jeedo magaca Soomaali. Aragti kale ayaa ah in magaca loo haysto inuu ka soo jeedo ereyada &quot;soo&quot; iyo &quot;maal&quot;, kuwaas oo marka la isu geeyo macnahoodu yahay &quot;tag&quot; iyo &quot;caano&quot;. Fasiraaddani way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran gobolka, iyadoo Soomaalida waqooyi ay tilmaamayso inay ula jeedaan &quot;tag iyo caano&quot; oo la xiriira caanaha geela, halka Soomaalida koonfureed ay adeegsadaan tarjumaadda &quot;sa' maal&quot; oo tilmaamaysa caanaha lo'da. Tani waxay tilmaan u tahay xoolo-dhaqatada meel walba leh ee dadka Soomaaliyeed. Aragtiyo kale ayaa soo jeedinaya in ereyga Soomaali uu ka yimid erey Carabi ah oo macnihiisu yahay &quot;hodan&quot;, taas oo mar kale tilmaamaysa hodantinimada Soomaalida ee xoolaha.

Taa beddelkeeda, magaca Soomaaliga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka yimid Automoli (Asmach), oo ahayd koox dagaalyahanno ah oo ka timid Masar hore, kuwaas oo uu ku tilmaamay Herodotus. Asmach waxaa loo maleynayaa inuu ahaa magacooda Masaariga, halka Automoli uu yahay asal Giriig ah oo ka yimid ereyga Cibraaniga ah ee S'mali (macnaha &quot;dhinaca bidixda&quot;).

Dukumeenti Shiinees ah oo laga soo xigtay qarnigii 9-aad Miilaadiga ayaa tilmaamaya xeebaha waqooyiga Soomaaliya, oo markaas ka mid ahaa gobolka ballaaran ee Waqooyi-bari Afrika ee loo yaqaan Barbaria, iyada oo loola jeedo dadka deggan Barbars (Kuushitik) ee deegaanka, sida Po-pa-li.

Tixraac qoraaleedkii ugu horreeyay ee cad ee magaca Soomaalida wuxuu soo bilaabmay horraantii qarnigii 15-aad Miilaadiga xilligii boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Isxaaq I, kaas oo mid ka mid ah saraakiisha maxkamaddiisu qoray hees uu ugu dabaaldegayo guushii milatari ee ay ka gaareen Saldanadda Ifat. Simur wuxuu kaloo ahaa magac Harari qadiimi ah oo loogu yeeri jiray dadka Soomaaliyeed.

Soomaalidu waxay si weyn u door bidaan ereyga &quot;Soomaali&quot; marka loo eego &quot;Soomaaliga&quot;, maadaama kan hore uu yahay halqabsi, halka kan dambe uu yahay qaab laba-jibbaaran ah.

Ereyga af-Soomaaliga marka laga eego juqraafi-siyaasadeed ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa dadka Horn of Africa, kuwaas oo ka tirsan qowmiyadda Kuush.

==Taariikhda==
===Taariikhda ka hor===
[[File:Laas Geel single cow.jpg|thumb|Farshaxanka Neolithic ee dhismaha Laas Geel oo muujinaya sac gees-dheer]]
Soomaaliya waxay u badan tahay inay ka mid ahayd dhulkii ugu horreeyay ee ay dageen bini'aadam hore, iyadoo loo eegayo meesha ay ku taal. Ugaarsadayaasha oo hadhow Afrika ka haajiray waxay u badan tahay inay halkan degeen ka hor intaanay guurin. Intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa, dhaqamada Dooyan iyo reer Hargeysa ayaa halkan ku soo barbaaray. Caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee caadooyinka aaska Geeska Afrika waxay ka timid qabuuraha Soomaaliya ilaa qarnigii 4aad ee BC. Qalabka dhagaxa ah ee laga soo qaaday goobta Jaleelo ee waqooyiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay 1909 inay yihiin farshaxanno muhiim ah oo muujinaya caalimnimada qadiimiga ah inta lagu jiro Paleolithic ee u dhexeeya Bariga iyo Galbeedka. 
Sida laga soo xigtay khubarada afafka, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka intii lagu jiray xilligii Neolithic ee xigay oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay (&quot;Dhulka asalka ah&quot;) ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow . 
Dhismaha Laas -geel oo ku yaalla duleedka magaalada Hargeysa ee Waqooyi-galbeed Soomaaliya ayaa soo jirtay qiyaastii 5,000 oo sano, waxaana ku yaalla farshaxanno dhagax ah oo muujinaya xayawaanka duur-joogta ah iyo lo'da la qurxiyay.  Sawirro kale oo godad ah ayaa laga helay gobolka Dhambalin ee woqooyiga , kaas oo ka muuqda mid ka mid ah sawirradii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan ugaarsiga fardaha. Farshaxanka dhagaxa waxa uu taariikhdiisu ahayd 1,000 ilaa 3,000 BCE. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka Laas-Khorey iyo Ceel Ayo ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya waxaa ku taal Karinhegane , oo ah goobta lagu sawiray godad fara badan, kuwaas oo wadar ahaan lagu qiyaasay ilaa 2,500 oo sano
Geela waxa la rumaysan yahay in uu ku dhaqmi jiray gobolka Geeska intii u dhaxaysay qarnigii 2aad iyo 3aad ee BC. Halkaa waxa ay ku fiday Masar iyo Maghrib .
===Waagii qadiimiga iyo qadiimiga ahaa===
[[File:Men from Punt Carrying Gifts, Tomb of Rekhmire MET 30.4.152 EGDP013029.jpg|thumb|Rag reer Punt ah oo sita hadiyado, Qabriga Rekhmire .]]
Dhismayaasha Ahraamta qadiimiga ah , Mowlacyo , magaalooyin burburay iyo gidaaryo dhagax ah, sida darbigii Wargade , waxay daliil u yihiin ilbaxnimo hore oo ka hanaqaadi jirtay gayiga Soomaaliyeed. Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku naaloonaysay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd Masar hore iyo Giriiggii Mycenaean tan iyo qarnigii labaad ee BC . Puntites oo u dhashay gobolka waxay ka ganacsan jireen malmalka , xawaashka, dahabka, eboniga, lo'da gees-gaaban, fool-maroodi iyo fooxa oo ay la socdeen Masaarida, Finiisiyaanka, Baabiliyiinta, Hindida, Shiinaha iyo Roomaanka iyaga oo u maraya dekedahooda ganacsi. Duulaan Masri ah oo ay u soo dirtay boqortooyadii 18-aad ee boqorad Hatshepsut ayaa lagu duubay macbudka Deir el-Bahari , xilligii boqortooyadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo Queen Ati. 
Waagii qadiimiga ahaa , Macrobiyaanka , oo laga yaabo in ay awoow u ahaayeen Soomaalida, ayaa aasaasay boqortooyo awood leh oo ka talinaysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Soomaaliya casriga ah. Waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray cimrigooda iyo maalkooda, waxaana la sheegay inay ahaayeen kuwa ugu dheer oo ugu quruxda badan ragga oo dhan.  Macrobiyadu waxay ahaayeen dagaalyahanno xoolo-dhaqato ah iyo badmaaxayaal. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Herodotus, Imbaraadoorkii Faaris Cambyses II , markii uu qabsaday Masar 525 BC, wuxuu u diray safiirro Macrobia, isagoo u keenay hadiyado qaali ah boqorka Macrobiya si uu u soo gudbiyo. Hogaamiyihii Macrobiya oo lagu doortay dhererkiisa iyo quruxdiisa, waxa uu taa beddelkeeda kaga jawaabay loolan uu dhiggiisa Beershiya uga dhigay qaanso aan xidhnayn: haddii Faaris ay awoodaan in ay sawiraan, waxa ay xaq u yeelan lahaayeen in ay dalkiisa ku soo duulaan; laakiin ilaa iyo markaas, waa in ay u mahad naqayaa ilaahyada in Macrobians waligood go'aansan in ay ku duulaan boqortooyadooda.  Macrobians-ku waxay ahaayeen awood gobol oo lagu asteeyay qaab-dhismeedkooda horumarsan iyo hantidooda dahabka ah , taas oo aad u badan oo ay maxaabiistooda ku xidheen silsilado dahab ah.
Inta lagu jiro xilliga qadiimiga ah, gobollada Barbara ee Mosylon , Opone , Mundus , Isis , Malao , Avalites , Essina , Nikon iyo Sarapion waxay sameeyeen shabakad ganacsi oo faa'iido leh, oo ku xiran ganacsato ka timid Ptolemaic Masar , Giriiggii hore , Fenisiya , Parthian Persian , Boqortooyadii Roomaanka , Boqortooyada Saban , Nabata . Waxay isticmaali jireen markabkii qadiimiga ahaa ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaanay beden si ay shixnadooda u daabulaan.
[[File:Beden.jpg|thumb|Beden waa mid dheereeya, oo qadiimi ah markab badeed keligiis ah ama laba-jibbaaran.]]
Ka dib qabsashadii Roomaanku ee Boqortooyadii Nabataean iyo joogitaankii ciidamada badda ee Roomaanka ee Cadan si ay u xakameeyaan budhcad-badeedda, ganacsato Carbeed iyo Soomaali ah waxay ku heshiiyeen Roomaanku in maraakiibta Hindiya laga mamnuuco inay ka ganacsadaan magaalooyinka dekedaha xorta ah ee Jasiiradda Carabta  si loo ilaaliyo danaha ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ee ganacsiga faa'iidada badan leh ee u dhexeeya badaha Cas iyo Mediterranean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay sii wadeen ganacsiga magaalooyinka dekedaha ah ee jasiiradda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo ka madax bannaan faragelinta Roomaanka.  Qarniyo badan, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay Soomaaliya iyo Carabta u keeni jireen tiro badan oo qorfe ah Ceylon iyo Jasiiradaha Spice . Meesha laga helo qorfaha iyo xawaashka kale waxa la sheegaa in ay ahayd sirta ugu fiican ee ay ka heli jireen ganacsatadii Carabta iyo Soomaalida ee ka ganacsan jiray Rome iyo Giriigga; Roomaanka iyo Giriiggu waxay rumaysnaayeen in isha laga soo xigtay ay ahayd jasiiradda Soomaalida. Heshiiskii wada shaqayneed ee dhexmaray ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ayaa sicir barar ku keenay qiimaha qorfaha Hindiya iyo Shiinaha ee Waqooyiga Afrika, Bariga dhow iyo Yurub, wuxuuna ganacsiga qorfaha ka dhigay mid dakhli abuur ah oo faa'iido badan leh, gaar ahaan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed. 
===Dhalashada Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe===
[[File:Silk route.jpg|thumb|Waddada xariirta oo ku fidsan Shiinaha ilaa koonfurta Yurub, Carabta, Soomaaliya, Masar, Faaris, Hindiya, iyo Java]]
Islamka waxa deegaanka soo galiyay horraantii muslimiintii ugu horaysay ee ka soo carartay dacwooyinkii xiijii ugu horaysay iyada oo Masjid al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laga dhisay ka hor inta aanu Qiblada u socon dhanka Maka . Waa mid ka mid ah masaajidda ugu faca weyn Afrika. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi waxa uu qoray in Muslimiintu ay ku noolaayeen hareeraha badda woqooyi ee Soomaaliya. Waxa kale oo uu xusay in Boqortooyada Adal ay caasimad u ahayd magaalada. Sida uu qabo Leo Africanus , Adal Sultanate waxa maamuli jiray boqortooyo Soomaaliyeed oo deegaanka ah , dhulkeeduna waxa uu ka koobnaa dhulka juqraafi ahaan u dhexeeya Bab el Mandeb iyo Gacanka Gardafuu. Sidaas waxaa dhanka koonfureed uga xigay Boqortooyadii Ajuuraan , dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xigay Boqortooyadii Xabashida . 
Qarniyadii dhexe oo dhan waxa Somaliland yimi dad Carbeed, waayo-aragnimo taariikhi ah oo hadhow horseedi doonta sheekooyinka halyeyga ah ee sheekhyadii Muslimiinta sida Daarood iyo Isxaaq Binu Axmed (oo la sheegay in ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha Daarood iyo Isaaq , siday u kala horreeyaan) iyaga oo ka soo socdaalay Carabta una socdaalay Soomaaliya kuna guursaday qabiilka Dir ee deegaanka . 
Sannadkii 1332-kii, Boqorkii Adal ee Saylac ahaa ayaa lagu dilay olole millatari oo ujeedkiisu ahaa in la hakiyo socodkii ay magaalada ku soo jeedday Amda Seyon 1aad ee Xabashida.  Markii Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Ifat, Sacad Ad-Diin II, lagu dilay Saylac 1410 , caruurtiisii ​​waxay u baxsadeen Yaman, ka hor intaysan ku soo laaban 1415 . II, oo saldhig cusub ka samaystay Yemen ka dib
[[File:Imaam Ahmed Gurey.jpg|thumb|Taalada Axmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , Imaamkii Boqortooyada Adal]]
Xarunteedii Adal ayaa mar kale loo raray qarnigii xigay, markan dhanka koonfureed waxa loo raray Harar . Caasimaddan cusub, Adal waxa uu abaabulay ciidan wax ku ool ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , (Ahmad &quot;Gurey&quot; ama &quot;Gran&quot;; labaduba waxay ka dhigan yihiin &quot;gacanta bidix&quot;) iyo Jeneraalka ugu dhow dhow iyo seedigii Garaad Mataan . Qabiilka Imaam Axmed waxaa la caddeeyey inay ka soo jeedaan Geri Koombe , oo ah jifada Daarood.  Ololahan qarniga 16-aad waxaa taariikh ahaan loo yaqaanaa Gumeysiga Xabashida ( Futuh al-Habash). Intii uu dagaalka socday, Imaam Axmad waxa uu hormood u noqday adeegsiga madfac ay ka heli jirtay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, kuwaas oo uu ka soo waariday Saylac oo uu ku soo daad-gureeyey ciidamadii Xabashida iyo xulafadooda Bortuqiisku ee uu hoggaaminayay Cristovão da Gama . 
Xilligii Ajuuraan Saldanada , magaalooyinka iyo jamhuuriyadaha 
Marka , Muqdisho , Baraawa , Hobyo iyo dekedooda waxay lahaayeen ganacsi faa'iido badan oo shisheeye ah oo ay ka heli jireen maraakiib u kala goosha dalalka Carabta, Hindiya, Venetia , Paris, Masar, Portugal iyo ilaa Shiinaha. Vasco da Gama , oo soo maray Muqdisho qarnigii 15-aad, ayaa xusay inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo ay ku yaallaan dhowr dabaq oo dhaadheer iyo daaro waaweyn oo ku yaalla bartamaha magaalada, iyadoo ay u dheer tahay masaajidyo badan oo leh minaarado cylindrical ah.  Harla , oo ah koox hore oo Hamitic ah oo dhererkeedu dheeraa oo degi jiray qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya, Tchertcher iyo meelo kale oo Geeska ah, waxay sidoo kale dhiseen tuuli kala duwan .  Dhagarqabayaashan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay awoow u ahaayeen qowmiyadaha Soomaalida.
[[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|[[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Ajuran Sultanate]] waxa ay sii waday xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd boqortooyadii Ming iyo boqortooyooyinkii kale.]]
Qarnigii 16-aad, Duarte Barboosa waxa uu xusay in maraakiib badan oo ka timid Boqortooyadii Cambaya ee waqtigan casriga ah ee Hindiya ay u shiraacdeen Muqdisho iyagoo wata maryo iyo xawaash, taas beddelkeedana ay heleen dahab, dhux iyo fool maroodi. Barbosa waxa kale oo ay iftiimisay hilibka, sarreenka, shaciga, fardaha iyo khudaarta ee suuqyada xeebaha, kuwaas oo ganacsatadu ka soo saarteen hanti aad u badan.  Muqdisho, oo ah xarunta warshadaha dharka ee kobcaya ee loo yaqaan toob benadir ( oo ku takhasusay suuqyada Masar, iyo meelo kale , oo ay weheliyaan Merca iyo Barawa, waxay sidoo kale u ahayd meel ay ku sii maraan ganacsatada Sawaaxiliga ee Mombasa iyo Malindi iyo ganacsiga dahabka ee Kilwa . Ganacsato Yuhuudi ah oo ka timid Hormuz waxay keeneen dharkoodii Hindida iyo miraha badda Soomaaliya si ay ugu beddelaan hadhuudh iyo alwaax. 
Xiriirka ganacsiga waxaa la aasaasay Malacca qarnigii 15aad,  oo leh maro, ambergris iyo porcelain oo ah badeecadaha ugu muhiimsan ee ganacsiga. Geri, zebras iyo fooxa ayaa loo dhoofin jiray Boqortooyadii Ming ee Shiinaha, taasoo ka dhigtay ganacsatada Soomaalida inay hormuud ka noqdaan ganacsiga u dhexeeya Bariga Aasiya iyo Geeska.  Ganacsato Hinduuga ah oo ka soo jeeda Surat iyo ganacsatada Koonfur-bari Afrikaanka ee Pate , iyagoo doonaya inay ka gudbaan labada go'doominta Boortaqiiska ee Hindiya (iyo markii dambe faragelintii Cumaan), waxay adeegsadeen dekedaha Soomaaliya ee Merca iyo Barawa (kuwaas oo ka baxsan xukunka tooska ah ee labada awoodood) si ay ganacsigooda ugu sameeyaan ammaan iyo faragelin la'aan.

===Waagii hore ee casriga ah iyo u halgamidda Afrika===
[[File:Mogadishu1936.jpg|thumb|magaalada Muqdisho ee xarunta dalka Talyaaniga ayaa waxaa ku yaalla xarunta kaniisada Kathedral-ka ee Catholic-ga iyo taallada weyn ee lagu maamuusayo Boqor Umberto I ee Talyaaniga.]]
Waagii hore ee casriga ahaa , dawladihii bedeli lahaa Adal Sultanate iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka koraan Soomaaliya. Waxaa ka mid ahaa Imaamyadii Hiraab , Suldaan Isaaq oo uu hoggaaminayay reer Guuleed , Suldaankii Habr Yuunis oo uu hoggaaminayey reer Caynaanshe ,  Suldaankii Geledi (Boqortooyadii Gobroon), Saldanada Majeerteen (Migiurtinia), iyo Saldanadda Hobyo . Waxay sii wateen dhaqankii qalcado-dhisidda iyo ganacsiga badda mara ee ay aasaaseen boqortooyooyinkii hore ee Soomaaliya.
Suldaan Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim oo ahaa Suldaankii Sadexaad ee Golaha Deegaanka Gobroon ayaa Bilaabay Taariikhdii dahabiga ahayd ee Boqortooyadii Gobroon. Ciidankiisu waxay guulo ka soo hoyeen Jihaadka Baardheere, kaasoo dib u soo celiyay xasiloonidii Gobolka, dib u soo nooleeyay ganacsigii fool-maroodiga ee Bariga Afrika . Waxa kale oo uu lahaa xidhiidh wanaagsan oo uu hadiyado ka heli jiray saldanada boqortooyooyinka dariska iyo kuwa fog sida Cumaan, Witu iyo salaadiinta Yemen.
Inankii Suldaan Ibraahim Axmed Yuusuf waxa uu ku beddelay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadkii ugu muhiimsanaa ee qarnigii 19-aad ee Bariga Afrika, isaga oo ka heli jiray abaal-marinno guddoomiyeyaasha Cumaan, isla markaana abuuray isbahaysi qoysas Muslimiin ah oo muhiim ah oo ku nool xeebaha Bariga Afrika
Somaliland waxa la aas aasay Suldaanka Isaaq 1750. Suldaanka Isaaq waxa uu ahaa boqortooyo Somaliyeed oo ka talinaysay qaybo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Waxay ku teedsantay dhulka beesha Isaaq , oo ka soo farcamay qabiilka Banu Haashim , ee Somaliland iyo Itoobiya maanta. Suldaanka waxaa maamuli jiray garabka Rer Guuleed oo uu aasaasay suldaankii ugu horeeyay ee beesha Ciidagale Suldaan Guuleed Cabdi .  Sida dhaqanka afka ah lagu sheegay, ka hor reer Guuleed beesha Isaaq waxaa ka talin jiray boqortooyo laanta Toljeclo oo ka soo jeeda reer Axmed oo lagu naanaysi jiray Tol Jeelo, oo ahaa curadkii Sheekh Isxaaq xaaskiisii ​​Harari . Guud ahaan waxa jiray sideed taliye Toljelo ah oo uu ugu horreeyo Boqor Haaruun ( Soomaali : Boqor Haaruun ) oo soo xukumayay Suldaan Isaaq qarniyo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 13aad.  Garaad Dhux Barar ( Somali : Dhuux Baraar ) waxaa afgambiyay isbahaysigii beelaha Isaaq. Toljeelo oo berigii hore xoog lahaa way kala firxadeen oo waxay gabaad ka dhigteen Habr Awal oo ay ilaa hadda inta badan la nool yihiin.
Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, shirkii Berlin ee 1884 ka dib, quwadaha reer Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay u halgamaan Afrika . Sannadkaas, maxmiyad Ingiriis ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya, oo ku taal xeebta Afrika ee ka soo horjeeda Yementa Koonfureed. Bilowgii, gobolkani wuxuu ku hoos jiray xukunka Xafiiska Hindiya, sidaas darteedna loo maamulay qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Hindiya; 1898-kii waxa loo wareejiyay maamulka London. 1889kii, maxmiyaddii iyo gumaysigii Soomaaliya ee Talyaanigu si rasmi ah u aasaasay Talyaanigu iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo kala duwan oo ay la saxeexdeen madax iyo suldaanno badan;  Suldaan Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid ayaa markii ugu horreysay codsi u diray Talyaaniga dabayaaqadii Diseembar 1888 si uu Suldaannimadiisa Hobyo uga dhigo maxmiyad Talyaani ah ka hor inta uusan markii dambe saxiixin heshiis 1889
[[File:Hobyo Sultanate Cavalry And Fort.jpg|thumb|Fardooley iyo dhufeyskii Hobyo Sultanate]]
Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dervish ayaa si guul leh u celiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska afar jeer waxayna ku qasbeen inay dib ugu noqdaan gobolka xeebta. Daraawiishtu waxay jebisay gumaystihii Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska, Xabashida marar badan, gaar ahaan, guushii 1903-dii ee Cagaarweyne ee uu hoggaaminayey Suleymaan Aaden Galaydh ,  waxay ku khasabtay Boqortooyadii Ingriiska inay dib ugu gurtaan gobolka xeebta horraantii 1900aadkii. Dervishes ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga adkaaday 1920-kii xoogga hawada Ingiriiska. 
Bilawgii Faashiistaha horraantii 1920-aadkii waxa ay ku bishaaraysay is-beddelka istiraatijiyadda Talyaanigu, iyadoo suldaannada waqooyi-bari dhawaan lagu khasbi lahaa soohdinta La Grande Somalia (&quot; Soomaali-weyn &quot;) sida uu qorshuhu ahaa Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa. Markii uu yimid Badhasaab Cesare Maria De Vecchi 15-kii December 1923kii, waxa bilaabmay in wax iska beddelaan qayb ka mid ah Somaliland oo loo yaqaanay Italian Somaliland . Dhulkii ugu dambeeyay ee Talyaanigu ka helo Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa Oltre Giuba , gobolka Jubaland ee maanta , 1925.
[[File:Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.jpeg|thumb|Taalada Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , Hogaamiyihii Daraawiishta]]
Talyaanigu wuxuu bilaabay mashruucyo kaabayaasha deegaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha isbitaallo, beero iyo dugsiyo.  Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa , ee Benito Mussolini , wuxuu weeraray Xabashida (Itoobiya) 1935, ujeeddadiisuna ahayd inay gumeysato. Duulaankaas waxaa cambaareeyey Ururka Jimciyadda Quruumaha ka dhaxaysa , balse wax yar lagama qaban sidii loo joojin lahaa ama looga xorayn lahaa gumaysiga Itoobiya. 1936kii, Soomaaliyadii Talyaanigu waxay ku biirtay Bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu , oo ay weheliso Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya, oo ah Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliya . 3-dii Agoosto 1940-kii, ciidamadii Talyaanigu oo ay ku jireen cutubyo ka tirsan gumaystaha Soomaaliya, ayaa ka soo tallaabay Itoobiya si ay u soo galaan Somaliland , 14kii Agoosto, waxay ku guuleysteen inay Berbera ka qabsadaan Ingiriiska. 
Ciidan Ingiriis ah oo ay ku jiraan ciidamo ka socda dalal badan oo Afrikaan ah ayaa bishii January 1941kii ka bilaabay Kenya ololihii ay ku xorreeyeen British Somaliland iyo Itoobiya oo Talyaanigu gumaysan jiray, una qabsan lahaa Somaliland Talyaani. Bishii Feebarweri inta badan Somaliland Talyaanigu waa la qabsaday, bishii Maarj, Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska waa lagala wareegay badda. Ciidamadii Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska ee ka hawl-gala Somaliland waxay ka koobnaayeen saddex qaybood oo kala ahaa Koonfur Afrika, Galbeedka Afrika iyo Ciidamada Bariga Afrika. Waxa kaalmaynayay ciidammadii Somaliyeed ee uu hogaaminayay C/laahi Xasan iyadoo ay si wayn uga qayb galeen Somalida beesha Isaaq , Dhulbahante iyo Warsangali . Tirada Soomaalida Talyaanigu waxay bilawday inay hoos u dhacdo ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, iyada oo in ka yar 10,000 ay soo hartay 1960.

===Madaxbanaanidii (1960-1969)===
Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Ingiriisku waxa uu sii haystay gacan ku haynta British Somaliland iyo Somaliland Somaliland oo ah maxmiyad. 1945kii, intii lagu jiray shirkii Potsdam , Qaramada Midoobay waxay u oggolaatay Talyaanigu inuu Talyaanigu u dhiibo Talyaani Somaliland inuu noqdo dhul-xakameedka Somaliland , iyadoo shuruud looga dhigay markii ugu horreysay ee ay soo jeediyaan xisbigii SYL iyo ururradii kale ee curdinka ahaa ee siyaasadda Soomaaliya, sida Xizbiya DigilMirifle Soomaali (HDMS) iyo Ururka Qaranka Soomaalida (SNL) — gudaha Soomaaliya ay ku hesho madaxbannaani toban sano gudahood.  British Somaliland waxay ahaan jirtay maxmiyad Ingiriiska ilaa 1960
[[File:Chieftains of the Isaaq clan cropped.jpg|thumb|Madaxdii beesha Isaaq oo Hargeysa lagu sawiray 1958 kii markii Duke &amp; Duchess of Gloucester booqasho ku yimaadeen Somaliland.]]
Ilaa heer uu Talyaanigu dhulkaas ku haysto amarka Qaramada Midoobay, qodobbada ammaanadu waxay siiyeen Soomaalida fursad ay khibrad ugu yeeshaan waxbarashada siyaasadda reer galbeedka iyo is-xukunka. Waxa ay ahaayeen faa’iidooyin aanay lahayn British Somaliland, oo la rabay in lagu daro dawladnimada cusub ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo 1950-meeyadii saraakiisha gumaystaha Ingiriiska ay isku dayeen, dadaallo horumarineed oo maamul oo kala duwan, si ay uga soo kabtaan dayacaadii hore, maxmiyadku waxa ay fadhiid ku noqotay horumarka maamulka siyaasadda. Farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhul ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo waayo-aragnimada siyaasadeed ayaa hadhow keeni doonta dhibaatooyin culus oo isku dhafan labada qaybood.
[[File:Mogadishu city centre - 1960s.jpg|thumb|1963kii oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada Muqdisho]]
Dhanka kale, 1948-kii, cadaadis kaga yimid xulafadooda Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Soomaalidana ay aad uga xumaadeen,  Ingriisku wuxuu dib u soo celiyay Haud (Dhul daaqsimeed Soomaaliyeed oo muhiim ah oo loo maleynayo inuu ilaalinayay heshiisyadii Ingiriiska uu la galay Soomaalida 1884 iyo 1886) iyo Gobolka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, taasoo ku saleysan heshiis ay saxiixeen 1897-kii oo ay ka soo horjeedaan Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Menelik oo ay suurtagal tahay in Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ay ku beddesho Imbaraadoor. Faransiisku. 
Ingriiska ayaa ku daray shuruud ah in dadka Soomaalida ah ay sii haysanayaan ismaamulkooda, laakiin Itoobiya ayaa isla markiiba sheegatay inay iyadu leedahay madax-bannaanideeda. Taasi waxay keentay in 1956-kii uu Ingiriisku ku guul darraystay inuu dib u iibsado dhulkii Soomaaliyeed ee uu la wareegay.  Ingriisku waxa uu sidoo kale siiyay maamulka ku dhawaad ​​​​Soomaalida ay degto Waqooyiga xudduudaha Waqooyi (NFD) wadaniiyiinta Kenya. Tani waxay ahayd in kasta oo ay raali ka tahay , sida laga soo xigtay guddigii gumaystaha Ingiriiska, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qowmiyadaha Soomaalida ee dhulkaas degganaa waxay door bideen inay ku biiraan Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya ee dhawaan la sameeyay. 
Waxa sannadkii 1958- kii ka qabsoontay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti (oo loo yaqaannay Faransiiska Somaliland ) sannadkii 1958-kii, maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay sannadkii 1960-kii, si go'aan looga gaadho in lagu biiro Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya iyo in kale iyo inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qoomiyada Canfarta iyo dadka degan Yurub.  Waxa kale oo jirtay ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan, iyada oo Faransiisku uu ka eryay kumannaan Soomaali ah ka hor inta aanay aftidu gaadhin goobaha codbixinta. 
Inta badan dadka 'maya' ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali aad u taageersan inay ku biiraan Soomaaliya oo mid ah, sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi ayaa ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed labo sano kadib.  Djibouti ugu dambayntii waxay xornimada ka qaadatay Faransiiska 1977, iyo Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ahaa Soomaali oo u ololaynayey &quot;haa&quot; codbixintii 1976, aakhirkii wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti (1977-1999).
[[File:President Aden Adde alongside Prime minister Sharmarke.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Aadan Cadde oo uu weheliyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma’arke oo Salaaddii Ciidda 1964-kii ku Tukaday Masjidka Arbaca Rukun]]
26 June 1960 -kii Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska waxa ay xornimadeeda qaadatay 26 June 1960. 1dii Luulyo 1960kii waxa xornimada qaatay dhulkii la isku halayn lahaa ee Somaliland, labadoodiina waxay ku midoobeen dhismihii Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya , in kasta oo ay ku jireen xuduud ay kala sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. Dawlad ay dhiseen Cabdullaahi Ciise iyo Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal oo ay weheliyaan xubno kale oo ka tirsan dawladihii ammaanada iyo maxmiyad ahaa, iyadoo Cabdulqaadir Muxamed Aadan uu noqday Madaxweynaha Golaha Shacbiga Soomaaliyeed , Aadan Cabdallah Cismaan Daar oo ahaa Madaxweynihii Jamhuriyadda Soomaaliya, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarkena wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare (kadibna noqday Madaxweyne 1967 ilaa 1969). 20kii Luulyo 1961kii iyo afti dadweyne oo dadweynihii Soomaaliyeed ay ku ansixiyeen talyaanigu, badi dadkii ka soo jeeday Maxmiyadii hore ee Somaliland ayaan ka qaybgelin aftida, in kasta oo tiro yar oo reer Somaliland ah oo ka qaybqaatay aftida ay ka soo horjeesteen dastuurkii cusbaa , oo markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay 1367kii , Muxammad . Wasiir, xilkaas oo uu u magacaabay Sharmaarke. Cigaal waxa uu mar dambe noqon lahaa Madaxweynaha maamul-goboleedka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya

===Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya (1969-1991)===
===Inqilaab===
15kii Oktoobar, isaga oo madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke socdaal ku marayay magaalada Laascaanood ee ay abaaruhu ku dhufteen, ayaa ilaaladiisa gaarka ahi toogasho ku dileen. Xoghayihii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka Henry Kissinger ayaa hadalkiisa ku soo gabagabeeyay in ilaaladu uu iskiis u dhaqmayo. Lix maalmood ka dib, 21kii Oktoobar, Jeneraal Siyaad Barre wuxuu hoggaaminayey afgambi militari, wuxuuna ku guuleystay afgambigii dowladdii baarlamaanka. Falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda casriga ah ayaa sheegaya in afgambiga uu ka dambeeyay musuqmaasuqa ka dhex jira xukuumadda baarlamaanka.  Waardiyihii waxaa maxkamadeeyay, jirdilay oo toogtay Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC). Waxa ay kasoo jeedaan madaxweynaha uu dilay.
[[File:Mohamed Ainanshe and Kim Il Sung -1970.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed oo Waqooyiga Kuuriya kula kulmay Madaxweyne Kim Il Sung 1970kii]]
Dhinaca Barre, SRC oo xukunka la wareegtay dilkii Madaxweyne Sharma’arke ka dib waxaa hoggaaminayay Sarreeye Guuto Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed , Gaashaanle Sare Salaad Gabeyre Kediye iyo Taliyaha Booliska Jaamac Korsheel . Kediye waxa uu si rasmi ah u haystay magaca “Aabihii Kacaanka”, wax yar ka dibna Barre waxa uu noqday madaxa SRC. SRC dabadeed waxay u bixisay magaca dalka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Soomaaliya,  waxay kala dirtay baarlamaanka iyo maxkamadda sare, oo laalay dastuurkii. 
Dawladdii kacaanku waxay dejisay barnaamijyo ballaaran oo hawlaha guud waxayna si guul leh u hirgelisay olole wax-qoris oo magaalo iyo miyi ah , kaasoo gacan ka geystay inuu si weyn u kordhiyo heerka wax-akhris-qoraalka. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya waxay gaartay heerka wax-akhris 70%, taasoo ka mid ahayd kuwa ugu sarreeya Afrika waagaas.
Marka laga soo tago barnaamijka qarameynta warshadaha iyo dhulka, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee maamulka cusub waxay xoogga saartay xiriirka soo jireenka ah iyo diinta ee Soomaaliya ay la leedahay dunida Carabta , ugu dambeyntii waxay ku biirtay Jaamacadda Carabta bishii Febraayo 1974.  Isla sanadkaas, Barre wuxuu sidoo kale noqday guddoomiyaha Ururka Midowga Afrika (OAU), oo ah hoggaamiyihii ka horreeyay Midowga Afrika (AU). 
Bishii Luulyo 1976-kii, SRC-da Barre ayaa iskeed u kala dirtay, waxayna halkeeda ka dhistay Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XDSHSI), dowlad hal xisbi ah oo ku dhisan hantiwadaag cilmiyeed iyo caqiidada Islaamka. SRSP waxa ay ahayd isku day lagu heshiisiinayo fikirka dawladda ee rasmiga ah iyo diinta rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyada oo la waafajinayo xeerarkii Marxist xaaladaha deegaanka. Waxa xoogga la saaray mabaadi’da Muslimka ee horumarka bulshada, sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda, taas oo ay dawladdu ku doodday in ay aasaas u tahay udub-dhexaadka hantiwadaagga cilmiyeed iyo lahjad u gaar ah oo ku aaddan isku filnaansho, ka qayb-qaadashada dadweynaha iyo xakamaynta dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale lahaanshaha tooska ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka. Iyadoo SRSP ay dhiirigelisay maalgashiga gaarka ah ee xad xaddidan, jihada guud ee maamulku waxay ahayd mid shuuci ah . 
Bishii Luulyo 1977, dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya wuxuu qarxay ka dib markii dawladdii Barre adeegsatay codsi ku saabsan midnimada qaranka si ay u caddeyso ku darista gardarrada ah ee gobolka Ogaadeeniya ee ay Soomaalida u badan tahay ee Itoobiya oo lagu daray Soomaali- weyn oo dhan , oo ay weheliso dhul-beereedyo hodan ah oo ku yaal koonfurta-bari ee Itoobiya, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, iyo meelaha istiraatiijiga ah ee woqooyiga ilaa Jabuuti.  Todobaadkii ugu horeeyey ee colaada ayaa xoogag hubaysan oo Soomaali ahi qabsadeen koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Ogadenia, dagaalka intiisa badana waxay ciidanka Soomaalidu guulo isdaba joog ah ka gaadheen ciidanka gumaysiga Itoobiya waxayna daba socdeen ilaa Sidamo . Bishii Sebtembar 1977kii, Soomaaliya waxay gacanta ku dhigtay 90% dhulka Ogaadeeniya waxayna qabsatay magaalooyin istiraatiiji ah sida Jijiga waxayna cadaadis xoog leh saartay Diridhaba , waxayna halis geliyeen wadadii tareenka ee magaalada dambe ee Jabuuti. Go’doomintii Harar ka dib, waxaa u soo gurmaday taliskii Shuuciga ahaa ee Dergiga Itoobiya faragelin baaxad leh oo aan hore loo arag oo ka kooban 20,000 oo ciidamada Kuuba ah iyo dhowr kun oo khubaro ah oo Soofiyeedka ah . Sannadkii 1978-kii, ciidamadii Soomaalida ayaa laga saaray Ogadenya. Isbeddelka taageerada ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku kallifay dowladdii Barre inay xulafo ka raadsato meelo kale. Aakhirkii waxa ay ku degtay dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Soofiyeedka oo ay xafiiltamaan, Maraykanka , kaas oo in muddo ah ku haminayey dawladdii Soomaaliya. Saaxiibtinimada ugu horreysay ee Soomaaliya ay la yeelato Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo iskaashigii dambe ee ay la yeelatay Mareykanka ayaa u sahashay in ay dhisto ciidanka ugu badan ee Afrika. 
[[File:Muhammad Siad Barre - 40866X9X9.jpg|thumb|Sareeye Gaas Maxamed Siyaad Barre , Guddoomiyaha Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka , oo la kulmay Madaxweynaha Romania Nicolae Ceauşescu]]
Dastuur cusub ayaa la soo saaray 1979kii kaas oo lagu qabtay doorashada Golaha Shacabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed ee Barre ayaa sii waday xukunka. Bishii Oktoobar 1980, SRSP waa la kala diray, Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka ayaa dib loo dhisay booskiisii.  Waqtigaas, dawladdii Barre waxay noqotay mid aan la jeclayn. Soomaali badan ayaa ka niyad jabay nolosha ay ku hoos nool yihiin kalitalis ciidan.
Waxaa sii wiiqmay taliskii 1980-meeyadii markii dagaalkii qaboobaa uu soo dhawaaday, waxaana hoos u dhacay muhiimaddii istiraatijiyadeed ee Soomaaliya. Dawladdu waxay noqotay mid sii xoogaysata , waxaana dalka oo dhan ka curtay dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo ay dhiirigelisay Itoobiya, taasoo keentay in Soomaaliya dagaal sokeeye ka dhacdo . Kooxahan malayshiyaadka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa Jabhadda Dimuqraadiga Badbaadada Soomaaliyeed (SSDF), Golaha Soomaaliyeed ee Midowga (USC), Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SPM) oo ay weheliyaan Mucaarad aan Rabshado lahayn oo ka kala tirsan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDM), Isbahaysiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDA) iyo Kooxda Kooxda Manifeestada Soomaaliyeed (SMG).

===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya===
[[File:Somali Civil War (Google Live Map).svg|thumb|Qiyaasta khariidadda marxaladda hadda ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (La cusbooneysiiyay Luulyo 2025)]]
Markii ay si aayar aayar aayar aayar ah u yaraatay hankii iyo akhlaaqdii dowladdii Barre, ayaa dad badan oo Soomaaliyeed ay ka niyad jabeen nolosha xukunkii militariga. Bartamihii 1980-aadkii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayey maamulkii Dergiga ee shuuciga ahaa ee Itoobiya ayaa ka curtay dalka oo dhan. Barre ayaa ku jawaabay in uu amar ku bixiyay in tallaabo laga qaado dadka uu u arko in ay deegaan ahaan taageersan yihiin jabhadda, gaar ahaan gobollada Waqooyi. Xakamayntaas waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyinka, oo ay ku taal xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa , oo ah xaruntii SNM , oo ka mid ahayd goobihii la beegsaday 1988. 
Xakamaynta ay bilawday dawladdii Barre waxay gaadhsiisay in ka badan qaraxyadii hore ee woqooyiga si ay u koobto gobollo kala duwan oo dalka ah. Soo saariddan xeeladaha gardarada ah ee looga dan leeyahay in lagu caburiyo dadka ka soo jeeda iyo in lagu sii hayo awoodda dadweynaha waxay astaan ​​u ahayd tallaabooyinka caburinta ah ee dowladdu ay ka waddo Koonfurta. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu caansan ayaa dhacay 1991-kii, markii taliskii Barre bilaabay weerar cirka ah oo sababay dhimashada dad badan oo aan waxba galabsan magaalada Beledweyn , oo ku taal koonfurta Soomaaliya.  Arxan-darrada iyo baaxadda falkan waxashnimada ah waxa ay iftiimisay heerka ay dawladdu u diyaar-garowday in ay meesha ka saarto nooc kasta oo mucaarad ah ama wax iska caabin ah, iyada oo ay muujinayso in aan tix-gelin badheedh ah u lahayn xuquuqda aadamaha iyo qiimaha nolosha bani’aadamka.
Mid kale oo xusid mudan siyaasaddii caburinta Barre ayaa ka dhacday magaalada Baydhabo oo lagu naaneeso ‘Magaalada dhimashada’ taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay dhacdooyinkii murugada lahaa ee ka dhacay halkaasi xilliyadii abaarta iyo dagaalada sokeeye .  Boqolaal kun oo qof ayaa naftooda ku waayey istiraatijiyad dawladeed oo gaar ahaan loogu talagalay bulshada Raxanweyn ee deggan deegaannadaas. 
1990kii, magaalada caasimadda ah ee Muqdisho, dadka deggan waxaa laga mamnuucay inay meel fagaare ah isugu yimaadaan kooxo ka badan saddex ama afar. Shidaal yaraan, sicir-bararka, iyo qiima dhaca lacagta ayaa saameeyay dhaqaalaha. Suuq madoow oo aad u wanaagsan ayaa ka jiray bartamaha magaalada iyadoo bangiyada ay la kulmeen gabaabsi lacagta gudaha ah ee lagu sarifto. Waxaa la soo saaray sharciyo lagu xakameynayo sarifka lacagaha qalaad si looga hortago dhoofinta lacagaha qalaad. Inkastoo aan la saarin xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah oo lagu soo rogay ajaanibta, sawir qaadista goobo badan ayaa la mamnuucay. Xilliyada maalinlaha ah ee magaalada Muqdisho, muuqaalka ciidan kasta oo dowladda ayaa ahaa mid naadir ah. Hawlgallada habeenkii dambe ee ay sameeyeen mas'uuliyiinta dowladda, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa &quot;la'aanta&quot; shaqsiyaadka guryahooda. 
1991kii, maamulkii Barre waxaa xukunka ka tuuray isbahaysi mucaarad ku ah qabiil, oo ay taageerayeen taliskii Itoobiya ee Dergiga iyo Liibiya .  Ka dib shir ay yeesheen Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Somaliyeed iyo odayaasha beelaha waqooyi, qaybtii waqooyi ee Ingiriisku ka talin jiray dalka waxay ku dhawaaqday in ay gooni isu taagtay jamhuuriyadda Somaliland May 1991. In kasta oo ay madax bannaani tahay oo xasiloon tahay marka loo eego koonfurta qalalaasaha ah, haddana dawlad shisheeye ma aqoonsan.
[[File:Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|Dagaaladii sokeeye ka hor, Muqdisho waxaa loo yaqaannay &quot;Luul cad oo badweynta Hindiya]]
In badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha mucaaradka ayaa markii dambe bilaabay inay u tartamaan sidii ay saamayn ugu yeelan lahaayeen awood la'aanta ka dib markii la riday taliskii Barre. Koonfurta, waxaa isku dhacay kooxo hubaysan oo ay kala hogaaminayaan taliyayaasha USC General Maxamed Faarax Ceydiid iyo Cali Mahdi Maxamed , gaar ahaan, iyadoo mid walba uu doonayo inuu awood ku yeesho caasimadda.  1991kii, shir caalami ah oo wajiyo badan lahaa ayaa lagu qabtay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti. Iyadoo loo eegayo sharcinimada uu Muxammad ku siiyey shirkii Jabuuti, ayaa beesha caalamku u aqoonsatay inuu yahay madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya. Ma uu awoodin in uu awoodiisa ku dhaqmo meelo ka baxsan caasimadda. Awoodda ayaa taas beddelkeeda lagu heshiiyey hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii kale ee koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo maamul-goboleedyo ka madax bannaan waqooyiga.  Shirkii Jibouti waxaa ku xigay laba heshiis oo aan la iska dhicin oo dib-u-heshiisiin qaran iyo hub ka dhigis, oo ay saxeexeen 15 daneeyayaal siyaasadeed: heshiis in la qabto shir aan rasmi ahayn oo diyaarinta dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka, iyo heshiiskii Addis Ababa 1993 ee lagu sameeyay shirkii dib u heshiisiinta qaranka. 
Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, la'aanta daba-dheeraatay ee la'aanta maamul dhexe oo joogto ah, Soomaaliya waxay billowday inay ku sifowdo &quot; Qaran guuldarreystay .
===Hay'adaha ku meel gaarka ah===
[[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (28-03-2006).jpg|thumb|C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed , Madaxweynaha Dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya]]
Dawladda Ku-Meel-Gaarka ah (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay bilihii April-May 2000 shirkii Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ee lagu qabtay Carta, Jabuuti. Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan ayaa loo doortay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha dowladda KMG ah ee cusub ee qaranka, maamul ku meel gaar ah oo loo sameeyay in uu Soomaaliya ku hago dowlad Jamhuuriyad rasmi ah oo saddexaad.  Dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee TNG ayaa keenay in la bedelo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha afar jeer saddex sano gudahood, iyo hay'adda maamulka ayaa sheegay inay kacday December 2003. Waqtigeediina isku mar wuu dhamaaday.
10kii Oktoobar 2004tii, sharci-dajiyayaashu waxay u doorteen Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Dawladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFG), oo beddelaya Dawladdii Ku Meel Gaarka ahayd.  DFKMG waxay ahayd maamulkii labaad ee ku meel gaadhka ahaa ee hiigsanayay in dib loo soo celiyo hay’adihii qaranka ee Soomaaliya kadib burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre 1991 iyo dagaaladii sokeeye ee xigay. 
DFKMG waxay ahayd dowladda Soomaaliya oo caalamku aqoonsan yahay ilaa 20kii Agoosto 2012, markaas oo ay si rasmi ah u dhammaatay waqtigeedii. 
Waxaa loo asaasay mid ka mid ah Hay'adaha Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFIs) ee dowladda sida lagu qeexay Axdiga Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFC) ee uu ansixiyay Baarlamaanka Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFP) bishii Nofembar 2004.  Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay si rasmi ah uga koobneyd waaxda fulinta ee dowladda, iyadoo TFP ay tahay waaxda sharci dejinta.  Xukuumadda ayaa waxaa madax ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, iyadoo golaha wasiirradu ay warbixin ka siiyeen Ra’iisul Wasaaraha.  Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday erey guud si loo tixraaco dhammaan saddexda laan si wadajir ah.
===Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga===
[[File:Icu somalia map.png|thumb|Khariidad muujinaysa ICU marka ugu sarraysa saamaynteeda]]
Sanadkii 2006, Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah (ICU) waxay la wareegeen gacan ku haynta inta badan koonfurta dalka muddo 6 bilood ah waxayna soo rogeen ku dhaqanka shareecada Islaamka . Mas’uuliyiinta ugu sareysa Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ku tilmaamay muddadan kooban in ay tahay xilli dahab ah oo ku jira taariikhda siyaasadda Soomaaliya.
===Dowladda Kumeeel Gaarka ah===
Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay isku dayday inay dib u soo ceshato awoodeeda, iyadoo kaashanaysa ciidamada Itoobiya , ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Midowga Afrika iyo taageerada hawada ee Mareykanka, waxay ka saartay maxaakiimta oo ay xoojisay xukunkeeda. January 8, 2007, Madaxweynaha DFKMG, Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo galay Muqdisho isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidamada Itoobiya tan iyo markii xilka loo doortay. Dawladdu waxay markaas u guurtay xarunta Villa Soomaaliya ee caasimadda oo ay si ku meel gaar ah uga ahayd Baydhabo . Tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horeysay tan iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre sanadkii 1991-kii oo ay dowladda Federaalka gacanta ku hayso inta badan dalka.

===Falaagada Al-Shabaab===
Al-Shabaab ayaa ka soo horjeestay joogitaanka ciidamada Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya, waxaana ay sii wadeen dagaallada ka dhanka ah dowladda KMG ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2008, Al-Shabaab waxay dhalisay guulo ciidan, iyagoo la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyin iyo dekedo muhiim ah oo ku yaal bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Janaayo 2009, Al-Shabaab iyo maleeshiyaadkii kale waxay ku qasbeen ciidamada Itoobiya inay dib u gurtaan, iyagoo ka tagay ciidan aan qalabeyn oo nabad ilaalin ah oo Midowga Afrika ah si ay u caawiyaan ciidamada dowladda KMG ah. 
Dhaqaale la’aan iyo dhaqaale la’aan, cunaqabatayn dhanka hubka ah oo adkeyd in dib loo yagleelo ciidan qaran oo suga amniga, iyo danayn la’aanta guud ee beesha caalamka, Yuusuf waxa uu ku qasbanaaday in kumannaan ciidamo ah oo Puntland ka socda la geeyo Muqdisho si ay u sii joogteeyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan Koonfurta dalka. Taageerada maaliyadeed ee dadaalkan waxaa bixisay dawladda ismaamulka. Taasi waxay keentay in dakhli yar oo soo galo ciidamada ammaanka Puntland iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah, taasoo ka dhigtay dhul u nugul burcad-badeedda iyo weerarrada argagixisada. 
29-kii December 2008, Yuusuf wuxuu kaga dhawaaqay baarlamaanka ku midoobay Baydhabo inuu iska casilayo xilka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Khudbadiisa oo laga sii daayay Idaacadda Qaranka, ayuu Yuusuf ku sheegay inuu ka xun yahay inuu ku guul-darreystay inuu soo afjaro colaaddii dalka ka jirtay toddoba iyo tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sidii dowladdiisa loo igmaday. Wuxuu kaloo ku eedeeyay beesha caalamka inay ka gaabiyeen taageerada dowladda, wuxuuna sheegay in guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka uu xilka ku wareejin doono sida uu qabo Axdiga KMG ah
===Dhamaadka xilliga ku meel gaarka===
Intii u dhaxaysay 31 May iyo 9 June 2008, wakiilo ka socday dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u xoraynta Soomaaliya (ARS) ayaa ka qayb galay wada-hadallo nabadeed oo Jabuuti ka dhacay oo uu garwadeen ka ahaa ergeygii hore ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsanaa Soomaaliya, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah . Shirka ayaa ku soo idlaaday heshiis la kala saxiixday oo dhigaya in ciidamada Itoobiya laga saaro dalka si loo joojiyo iska hor imaadyada hubeysan. Baarlamaanka ayaa ka dib la balaariyay oo la gaarsiiyay 550 kursi si ay u helaan xubnaha ARS, oo markaas madaxweyne u doortay Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed .Iyadoo gacan ka heleysa koox yar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Midowga Afrika, dowladda KMG ayaa biloowday weerar rogaal celis ah bishii Febraayo 2009 si ay si buuxda ula wareegto maamulka qeybta koonfureed ee dalka. DFKMG si ay xukunkeeda u xoojiso waxay isbahaysi la samaysatay Midowga Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah, Xubnihii kale ee Isbaheysiga Dib u xoreynta Soomaaliya iyo Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca oo ah Maleeshiyo Suufi ah oo qunyar socod ah .  Intaa waxaa dheer, Al-Shabaab iyo Xisbul Islaam, oo ah labada kooxood ee Islaamiyiinta ah ee mucaaradka ah, waxay bilaabeen inay dhexdooda dagaallamaan bartamihii 2009kii.  Xabbad ahaan, bishii Maarso 2009, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ku dhawaaqday inay dib u dhaqan gelinayso Shareecada oo ah nidaamka garsoorka rasmiga ah ee qaranka.  Si kastaba ha ahaatee, colaaddu waxay ka sii socotay koonfurta iyo badhtamaha dalka. Muddo bilo gudahood ah, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ka baxday in ay gacanta ku dhigto ilaa 70% koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya aagagga iskahorimaadyada, oo ay 80% dhulka lagu muransan yahay ku lumisay xoogaga Islaamiyiinta ah. 
Bishii Oktoobar 2011, hawlgal qorsheysan, Hawlgalka Linda Nchi oo u dhexeeya militariga Soomaaliya iyo Kenya iyo ciidamada caalamiga ah ayaa ka billowday Al-Shabaab ee koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Sebtembar 2012, ciidamada Soomaaliya, Kenya, iyo Raaskaambooni waxay ku guulaysteen inay qabsadaan Al-Shabaab xaruntii ugu dambaysay ee ugu weynayd, dekedda koonfurta ee Kismaayo. Bishii Luulyo 2012, saddex hawlgal oo Midowga Yurub ayaa la bilaabay si ay ula macaamilaan Soomaaliya: EUTM Somalia , Hawlgalka Ciidamada Badda ee Midowga Yurub ee Soomaaliya Atalanta off the Horn of Africa, iyo EUCAP Nestor.
[[File:Parlament of Somalia 2012-2016.svg|thumb|Dhismaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]]
Iyada oo qayb ka ah &quot;Khariidadda Waddada Dhammaadka Ku meel gaarka&quot; ee rasmiga ah, oo ah geeddi socod siyaasadeed oo siinaya jaan-gooyo cad-cad oo horseedaya samaynta hay'ado dimoqraadi ah oo joogto ah oo Soomaaliya ah, xilliga ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah ayaa dhammaaday 20kii Agoosto 2012

===Dowladda Federaalka===
Dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , oo ah dowladdii dhexe ee ugu horreysay oo joogto ah oo dalka yeelato tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaallada sokeeye, ayaa la aas aasay Agoosto 2012. Bishii Agoosto 2014-kii, howlgalka Badweynta Hindiya ee ay hormuudka ka tahay dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa la bilaabay ka hortagga jeebabka kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan baadiyaha
===2021-2023 abaar===
Abaarta Soomaaliya ee 2021-2023 ayaa ahayd abaartii ugu darneyd ee Soomaaliya soo marta muddo 40 sano ah, waxaana ay saameysay 7.8 milyan oo qof.
=== Qalalaasihii dastuuriga ee 2024 ===
30-kii Maarso 2024, isbeddello dastuuri ah oo taxane ah oo ay ansixisay [[Dowlada Federaalka Soomaaliya]] ayaa sababay khilaafyo lala galay qaar ka mid ah dowlad-goboleedyada federaalka, taas oo dhalisay xiisad siyaasadeed. Saddex ka mid ah lixda dowlad-goboleed ayaa ka laabtay aqoonsigii ay siinayeen awoodda dowladda federaalka, waxaana dagaallo maxalli ah oo [[Jubaland|Jubbaland]] iyo [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya|Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya]] ka dhacay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Review |first=Horn |title=Analysis of Somalia's constitution crisis |url=https://hornreview.org/2026/04/21/analysis-of-somalias-constitution-crisis/ |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=HORN REVIEW |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Al Jazeera |title=Somali army takes over key city in Southwest as state leader resigns |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/31/somali-army-takes-over-key-city-in-southwest-as-state-leader-resigns |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Juqraafiga==
Soomaaliya waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Jabuuti dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, galbeedna Itoobiya , waqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , badda Soomaaliya iyo kanaalka Guardafui oo bari ah, iyo Koonfur-galbeed Kenya . Baaxadda dhuleedku waa 637,657 kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran, dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo buuraha .  Xeebteedu waxay dhererkeedu ka badan tahay 3,333 kiiloomitir, waana tan ugu dheer dhul weynaha Afrika. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid si qiyaas ah u qaabaysan &quot;sida lambar foorarsan oo toddoba ah&quot;. Waqooyiga fog, safafka bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Oogo waxay ku yaalaan masaafo kala duwan oo u jirta xeebta Gacanka Cadmeed. Xaalado kulul ayaa jira sanadka oo dhan, oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn.  Geology waxay soo jeedinaysaa joogitaanka kaydka macdanta qiimaha leh. Soomaaliya waxaa Seychelles ka go'ay badda Soomaaliya, waxaana ka go'ay Socotra oo lagu magacaabo Guardafui Channel
===Qaybaha maamulka===
Soomaaliya waxay si rasmi ah u qaybsantaa siddeed iyo toban gobol ( sara , gobol keli ah ), oo iyana loo qaybiyo degmooyin. 
[[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|Maabka gobollada Soomaaliya]]
Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda waa goorma ? Waxay u kala qaybsameen maamul-goboleedka Puntland ( oo isku haysta maamul-goboleedka ), Somaliland ( maamul-goboleed iskeed ugu dhawaaqday balse aan la aqoonsan ) iyo Maamulka Khaatumo ee Soomaaliya oo dhawaan la dhisay . Bartamaha Soomaaliya, Galmudug waa maamul-goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. Jubaland oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa ismaamulka afaraad ee federaalka.Sannadkii 2014-kii, ayaa sidoo kale la dhisay maamul-goboleedka cusub ee Koonfur-galbeed . Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la daah furay shirweyne lagu dhisayo dowlad goboleedka cusub ee Hirshabeelle .
Baarlamaanka Federaalka waxaa loo xilsaaray 2012-kii in uu soo xulo tirada ugu dambeysa iyo xuduudaha dowlad goboleedyada is-maamul goboleedyada (sida rasmiga ah ee xubnaha ka ah Federaalka ) ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.

===Goobta===
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 | footer = Muuqaallo laga qaaday [[Geeska Afrika|Jasiiradda Soomaalida]] oo laga soo qaaday Dayax gacmeedka ''Columbia'' sannadkii 1993 (kor) iyo Saldhigga Hawada Caalamiga ah sannadkii 2020 (hoose)
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Soomaaliya waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed, [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Marinka Gardafuul|Marinka Gardafuu]] iyo Badweynta Hindiya dhanka bari, iyo [[Itoobiya]] dhanka galbeed. Dalka wuxuu sidoo kale xuduud la leeyahay [[Jabuuti]]. Waxay ku taallaa inta u dhexeysa loolalka 2°S iyo 12°N, iyo dhigaha 41° iyo 52°E. Iyada oo si istaraatiiji ah ugu taalla afka laga galo Bab el Mandeb ee u dhexeeya [[Bada Cas]] iyo [[Kanaalka Suweys|Kanaalka Suweys]], dalku wuxuu ku yaallaa cirifka gobol u eg khariidadda [[Wiyil|geeska wiyisha]], taas oo inta badan loogu yeero [[Geeska Afrika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hadden&quot;&gt;Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102547/http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 &quot;The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science&quot;]. Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center&lt;/ref&gt;

===Biyaha===
Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika, oo leh boodh badeed dhererkeedu yahay 3,333 kiiloomitir (2,071 mi). Dhulkeedu waxa uu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo dhulka sare . Qaranku wuxuu leeyahay bedka guud ee 637,657 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (246,201 sq mi) kaas oo ka kooban dhul, oo leh 10,320 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (3,980 sq mi) oo biyo ah. Soohdimaha dhulka ee Soomaaliya ayaa gaaraya ilaa 2,340 kiiloomitir (1,450 mi); 58 kiiloomitir (36 mi) ka mid ah waxaa la wadaaga Jabuuti, 682 kiiloomitir (424 mi) Kenya, iyo 1,626 kiiloomitir (1,010 mi) Itoobiya. Sheegashadeeda badda waxaa ka mid ah dhul-badeed dhan 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi).
Soomaaliya waxaa xeebaheeda ku yaal jasiirado iyo jaziirado dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Jaziiradaha Bajuuni iyo Jaziiradaha Sacad-Diin : eeg jasiiradaha Soomaaliya .
[[File:Juba river downstream Jamaame.jpg|thumb|Webiga Jubba]]
===Degaan===
Soomaaliya waxay ka kooban tahay todobo dhuleed oo kala ah: Xabashida montane kaymaha , Waqooyiga Zanzibar–Inhambane mosaic kaynta xeebta , Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands iyo kayn , dhul daaqsimeed Xabashi ah iyo dhir dhireed , dhul daaqsimeed hobyo iyo geedo yaryar , Somali montane xeric woodlands , iyo mangroves Bariga Afrika 
Dhanka waqooyi, bannaan saxare-meel-mareen ah oo xoqan, oo loo yaqaan Guban ayaa barbar-socda Gacanka Cadmeed . Iyada oo ballaciisu yahay laba iyo toban kiiloomitir galbeedka ilaa in yar oo laba kiiloomitir ah oo bari ah, bannaanka waxaa u kala qaybiya maro-biyoodyo asal ahaan ah sariiro ciid qallalan marka laga reebo xilliyada roobaadka. Marka roobabku da'aan, Guban's duurka hooseeya iyo cawska cawska ayaa isu beddela dhir cagaaran. Xariggaan xeebeedku waa qayb ka mid ah dhul- daaqsimeedkii Xabashida iyo dhir-dhireedka .
Cal Madow waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ku taal waqooyi bari ee dalka. Waxay ku dherersan tahay dhowr kiilo mitir dhanka galbeed ee magaalada Boosaaso ilaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Ceerigaabo , waxay ku taal meesha ugu sarreysa Soomaaliya , Shimbiris , oo ku fadhida meel sare ah ilaa 2,416 mitir (7,927 ft).  Silsilada bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Karkaar waxay sidoo kale ku yaalliin gudaha gudaha Gacanka Cadmeed. Gobollada dhexe, silsiladaha buuraha waqooyi ee dalka waxay u baneeyaan dhul-badeed-gacmeedyo iyo marin-biyoodyo qallalan oo deegaan ahaan loogu yeero Oogo . Dhulka galbeedka ee Oogo, ayaa isna si tartiib tartiib ah ugu biira Haud , oo ah aag muhiim u ah daaqa xoolaha. 
Soomaaliya waxay leedahay laba webi oo kala ah Jubba iyo Shabeele oo labaduba ka bilaabma buuraleyda Itoobiya . Wabiyadan ayaa inta badan u socda dhanka koofureed, iyadoo webiga Jubba uu ka galo badweynta Hindiya ee magaalada Kismaayo . Wabiga Shabeelle ayaa mar sida muuqata gali jiray badda u dhow magaalada Marka , balse hadda waxa uu gaaray meel dhanka Koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada Muqdisho. Intaa ka dib, waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhiiqo iyo meelo qallalan ka hor inta aan aakhirka lagu waayin dhulka saxaraha ah ee bariga Jilib , una dhow webiga Jubba.
===Deegaanka===
[[File:Somcoralreef.jpg|thumb|Xeebaha Soomaaliya , jardiinooyinka deegaanka iyo meelaha la ilaaliyo]]
Soomaaliya waa dal oomane ah oo leh qiyaastii 1.6% dhul beereed . Ururada deegaanka ee ugu horeeya waxay ahaayeen Ecoterra Soomaaliya iyo Bulshada Deegaanka Soomaali, labaduba waxay gacan ka geysteen kor u qaadista wacyiga ku saabsan walaaca deegaanka iyo abaabulida barnaamijyada deegaanka ee dhammaan qaybaha dawladda iyo sidoo kale bulshada rayidka ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1971-kii, olole ballaaran oo dhir beeris ah oo heer qaran ah ayaa dowladdii Siyaad Barre bilowday si ay u joojiso horu-marintii kumannaanka hektar ee dunta bacaadka ah ee ay dabeyshu kaxeyso oo halis ku ah inay qariso magaalooyinka, waddooyinka iyo dhul beereed. Sannadkii 1988-kii, 265 hektar oo ah 336 hektar oo la saadaaliyay ayaa la daweeyay, iyadoo 39 goobood oo kayd ah iyo 36 goobood oo kaymo ah la aasaasay. 1986, Xarunta Badbaadinta Duurjoogta, Cilmi-baarista iyo Kormeerka waxaa aasaasay Ecoterra International, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu wacyigeliyo dadweynaha arrimaha deegaanka. Dadaalkaas waxbarasho waxa uu horseeday 1989 kii waxa loogu yeero &quot;soo jeedinta Soomaaliya&quot; iyo go'aan ay dowladda Soomaaliya ku gaartay in ay raacdo Axdiga ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee dabar-goynta xayawaanka duurjoogta iyo dhirta (CITES), kaas oo markii ugu horreysay aasaasay adduunka oo dhan mamnuucidda ka ganacsiga Maroodiga Maroodiga .
[[File:Aerial views of Kismayo 06 (8071381265).jpg|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee Muqdisho]]
Ka dib, Faadumo Jibrell , oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka, ayaa qaaday olole guul leh oo lagu ilaalinayo kaymaha geedaha qudhaca ah ee koray ee waqooyi-bari ee Soomaaliya.  Geedahan, oo noolaan kara 500 oo sano, ayaa la jari jiray si looga sameeyo dhuxusha oo aad looga doonayay Jasiiradda Carabta, halkaas oo qabaa'ilka Baadiyaha ee gobolka ay aaminsan yihiin in qudhacdu ay tahay mid muqadas ah.  Inaad noqoto shidaal aan qaali ahayn, soo saarista dhuxusha waxay inta badan keentaa xaalufka iyo xaalufka . Si wax looga qabto dhibaatadan, Jibrell iyo Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organisation (Horn Relief; hadda Adeso ), oo ah hay'ad ay aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha fulinta ka ahayd, waxay tababareen koox dhalinyaro ah si ay bulshada uga wacyigeliyaan waxyeelada joogtada ah ee soo saarista dhuxusha ay abuuri karto. 1999kii, Horn Relief waxay isku dubariday socod nabadeed waqooyi-bari Puntland ee Soomaaliya si loo soo afjaro waxa loogu yeero &quot;dagaallada dhuxusha&quot;. Natiijadii ololaha Jibrell iyo dadaalkii waxbarashada, dawladda Puntland 2000 waxay mamnuucday dhoofinta dhuxusha. Dowladda ayaa sidoo kale tan iyo markii ay dhaqan galisay mamnuucidaasi, taasoo la sheegay inay keentay in 80% hoos u dhac ku yimaado dhoofinta badeecada.  Jibrell waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Abaalmarinta Deegaanka Goldman ee 2002 dadaalkeeda ka dhanka ah xaalufka deegaanka iyo xaalufka.  Sannadkii 2008, waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatay Abaalmarinta Mu'asasada Qaranka ee Juqraafiga / Buffett ee Hoggaanka Ilaalinta.
Ka dib tsunamigii weynaa ee Diisambar 2004 , waxaa sidoo kale soo baxay eedeymo sheegaya in ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, in xeebta dheer ee Soomaaliya ee fog fog loo isticmaalay goob qashin ah oo lagu aaso qashinka sunta ah. Mowjadaha waaweyn ee ku dhuftay waqooyiga Soomaaliya kadib tsunamigii ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay kiciyeen tan oo ah haraadiga sunta nukliyeerka ah oo laga yaabo inay si sharci darro ah dalka ugu daadiyeen shirkado shisheeye. 
Xisbiga Cagaaran ee Yurub waxa uu daba socday cadaymahaas isagoo horgeeyay saxaafadda iyo baarlamaanka Yurub ee Strasbourg nuqulo qandaraasyo ah oo ay kala saxiixdeen laba shirkadood oo reer Yurub ah - Shirkadda Swiss Swiss, Achair Partners, iyo dilaaliinta qashinka Talyaaniga Progresso - iyo wakiillo ka socday Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Hogaamiye kooxeed Cali Mahdi Maxamed, si ay u qaataan 10 milyan oo tan oo qashinka sunta ah oo ay ku bedesheen 80 milyan oo gini. 
Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan deegaanka (UNEP), qashinka ayaa sababay in uu aad uga sarreeyo xaaladaha caadiga ah ee caabuqyada neef-mareenka, boogaha afka iyo dhiig-baxa, dhiigbaxa caloosha iyo caabuqa maqaarka oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhacay dad badan oo deggan deegaannada ku teedsan waqooyi-bari ee magaalooyinka Hobyo iyo Banaadir ee xeebta Badweynta Hindiya - cudurro la socda xanuunka shucaaca. UNEP waxay intaas ku dartay in xaaladda xeebaha Soomaaliya ay khatar deegaan oo aad u daran aysan ka jirin Soomaaliya oo keliya, balse sidoo kale gobolka bariga Afrika.

===Cimilada===
[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 SOM 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Köppen–Geiger map-ka kala soocida cimilada ee 1-km xallinta Soomaaliya 1991-2020]]
Sababo la xiriira u dhawaanshaha Soomaaliya ee dhulbaraha , ma jiro isbeddel xilliyeed badan oo cimiladeeda ah. Xaalado kulul ayaa sanadka oo dhan jira oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee maalin kasta wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 30 ilaa 40 ° C (86 ilaa 104 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare ee xeebta bari, halkaasoo laga dareemi karo saamaynta qabow ee hadda taagan. Muqdisho, tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 32 °C (82 ilaa 90 °F) bisha Abriil. Qaar ka mid ah heerkulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay waddanka; Berbera oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed waxay leedahay galab sare oo celcelis ahaan ka badan 38 °C (100 °F) laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar. Qaran ahaan, celceliska celceliska maalinlaha ahi badanaa way kala duwan yihiin qiyaastii 15 ilaa 30 ° C (59 ilaa 86 ° F). Kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan ee cimiladu waxay ka dhacdaa waqooyiga Soomaaliya, halkaas oo heerkulku mararka qaarkood dhaafo 45 ° C (113 ° F) bisha Luulyo ee bannaanka litoral oo hoos uga dhaco barta qabowga bisha Disembar ee buuraha sare. Gobolkan, qoyaanka qaraabada ahi wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 40% badhtamaha galabnimada ilaa 85% habeenkii, isbeddelaya waxoogaa marka loo eego xilliga. Si ka duwan cimilada dalalka kale ee ugu badan ee loolkan, xaaladaha Soomaaliya waxay u dhexeeyaan oomane waqooyi-bari iyo gobollada dhexe ilaa waqooyi -galbeed iyo koonfurta. Waqooyi-bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi wuxuu ka yar yahay 100 mm (4 in); Taagga dhexe, waa qiyaastii 200 ilaa 300 mm (8 ilaa 12 inji). Qaybaha waqooyi-galbeed iyo koonfur-galbeed ee qaranka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay helaan roobab aad u badan, iyadoo celcelis ahaan 510 ilaa 610 mm (20 ilaa 24 in) ay dhacaan sannadkii. Inkasta oo gobollada xeebuhu ay kulul yihiin oo qoyan yihiin sannadka oo dhan, dhul-badeedku caadi ahaan waa qalalan oo kulul. 
Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Maarso waa Jiilaalka , xilliga xagaaga ee ugu adag sanadka. Xilli-roobaadka ugu muhiimsan, oo loo yaqaan Gu'ga , wuxuu socdaa Abriil ilaa Juunyo. Xilligan waxaa lagu gartaa dabeylaha koonfur-galbeed, kuwaas oo dib u soo nooleeya dhul-daaqsimeedka, gaar ahaan dhul-daaqsimeedka dhexe, oo muddo kooban saxaraha u beddela dhir cagaaran. Laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar waa xilliga labaad ee qalalan, Xagaa (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa &quot;Xagaa&quot;). Dayr , oo ah xilli-roobaadka ugu gaaban, wuxuu socdaa Oktoobar ilaa Disembar.  Xilliyada tangambili ee dhexgala labada dabaylaha (Oktoobar-Noofambar iyo Maarso-May) waa kulayl iyo qoyaan. 
===Duurjoogta===
[[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geela buuraha waqooyi]]
Soomaaliya waxaa ku nool naasley kala duwan, taas oo ay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha cimilada iyo deegaanka. Duurjoogta dalka waxaa ka mid ah haramcadka, libaaxa, geriga, baboonka, servalka, maroodiga, doofaarka duurjoogta ah, cawska, kudu, dik-dik, oribi, dabada duurjoogta Soomaalida, reedbuck, zebra, maroodi-shrew iyo dhagax-dhagax.

Soomaaliya waxay hoy u tahay ilaa 727 nooc oo shimbiro ah. Siddeed ka mid ah waa noocyo ku faafa dalka, mid waxaa keenay aadanaha, midna waa dhif ama si kama' ah u yimaada. Afar iyo toban nooc ayaa caalamka khatar ku ah. Noocyada shimbiraha ee si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah xamaamka Soomaalida; Alaemon hamertoni (Alaudidae), Hoopoe-Lark; Heteromirafra archeri (Alaudidae), Archer's Lark; Mirafra ashi (Alaudidae), Ash's Bushlark; Mirafra somalica (Alaudidae), Somali Bushlark; Spizocorys obbiensis (Alaudidae), Obbia Lark; Carduelis johannis (Fringillidae); iyo Warsangli Linenet.

Xeebaha Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah goobaha ugu muhiimsan ee kalluumeysiga noocyada badda ee aad u guura, sida tuna. Qalfoofka qaaradda ee cidhiidhiga ah balse wax-soo-saarka leh wuxuu ka kooban yahay noocyo badan oo kalluun-demersal ah iyo qolofley. Noocyada kalluunka si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Cirrhitichthys randalli (Cirrhitidae), Symphurus fuscus (Cynoglossidae), Parapercis simulata (Pinguipedidae), Cociella somaliensis (Platycephalidae), iyo Pseudochromis melanotus (Pseudochromidae).

Waxaa jira qiyaastii 235 nooc oo xamaarato ah. Ku dhowaad kala bar waxay ku nool yihiin aagga waqooyi. Xamaaratada ku baahsan Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Viper-ka Hughes, Maska Garter-ka Koonfurta Soomaaliya, orodyahan (Platyceps messanai), mas diadem (Spalerosophis josephscorteccii), ciidda Soomaaliyeed, qorraxda gooryaanka xaglaha leh, qorraxda aagagga dhabarka leh, qorraxda ciidda Soomaaliyeed (Mesalina ama Eremias), gecko (Hemidactylus granchii), gecko-ga Soomaaliyeed ee semaphore, iyo qorratada ciidda.

Mas colubrid (Aprosdoketophis andreonei) iyo maqaarka Haacke-Greer (Haackgreerius miopus) waa noocyo si gaar ah ugu kooban Soomaaliya.

==Siyaasadda iyo dawladnimada==
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| image1            = Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at Djiboutian presidential palace in Djibouti, Djibouti, September 24, 2023 - (cropped).jpg
| caption1          = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] tan iyo 2022&lt;/small&gt;
| image2            = Hamza Abdi Barre 2025 official portrait.jpg
| caption2          = [[Xamse cabdi barre]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ra'iisul Wasaare tan iyo 2022&lt;/small&gt;
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jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo wakiil ka ah baarlamaanka . Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ayaa ah madaxa qaranka iyo taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya , waxaana uu soo xulaa Ra’iisul wasaare si uu u noqdo madaxa xukuumadda .
Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya waa baarlamaanka qaranka Soomaaliya. Labada Aqal ee Sharci-dejinta Qaranka waxa ay ka kooban yihiin Golaha Shacabka (Aqalka Hoose) iyo Senatka (Aqalka Sare), kuwaas oo xubnahooda loo doortay in ay qabtaan muddo afar sano ah. Baarlamaanka ayaa dooranaya Madaxweynaha, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka iyo ku xigeenadiisa. Waxa kale oo ay awood u leedahay in ay ansixiso oo diido sharciyada.
[[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|thumb|[[Aaden Nuur|Aadan Madoobe]], [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]]]]
Garsoorka Soomaaliya waxaa qeexaya Dastuurka kumeel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Waxaa 1-dii Agoosto 2012 ku ansixiyay Golaha Dastuurka Qaranka ee Muqdisho,  dukumeentiga waxaa dejiyay guddi khubaro ah oo uu guddoomiye u yahay qareenka iyo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka, Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari .  Waxay bixisaa aasaaska sharciga ah ee jiritaanka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka iyo isha awood sharci. 
Qaab dhismeedka maxkamadaha qaranka waxaa loo habeeyay saddex heer: Maxkamada Dastuuriga ah, Maxkamadaha heer Federaal iyo maxkamado heer dowlad goboleed . Golaha Adeegga Garsoorka oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood ayaa magacaabaya xubin kasta oo heer Federaal ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka. Waxa kale oo ay soo xulaysaa oo ay horgeynaysaa golaha shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah garsoorayaasha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah si ay u ansixiyaan. Haddii la ansixiyo, Madaxweynuhu wuxuu musharraxa u magacaabayaa garsoore Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah oo ka kooban shan xubnood ayaa ka garnaqsa arrimaha dastuurka, marka laga soo tago arrimo kala duwan oo heer federaal iyo heer maamul goboleed ah. 
Sharciga Soomaalidu waxa uu ka soo jeedaa saddex hab oo isku dhafan oo kala ah: Sharciga Madaniga ah , Shareecada Islaamka iyo Xeer-dhaqameedka . 
Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tilmaanta Soomaaliya waa dalka 5-aad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika . Burburkii Soomaaliya ka dib 1991 ma jirin wax xidhiidh ah ama xidhiidh dhex maray dawladda Somaliland oo ku dhawaaqday in ay dal tahay iyo dawladda Soomaaliya
===Qaybaha maamulka===
{{Main|Gobolada Soomaaliya|Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya}}
​Soomaaliya si rasmi ah waxay u qaybsantaa toddoba [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|dawlad goboleed]] iyo siddeed iyo toban [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|gobol]] (''gobollada'', kaligeed waa ''gobol''),&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt; kuwaas oo iyana u sii qaybsama degmooyin. Gobolladu waa:
{|
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|center|upright=1.3|Gobollada Soomaaliya oo leh dowlad-goboleedyo midabbo leh]]
|style=&quot;padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;{{flag icon|Somaliland}}{{color box|#72FE6E}}'''[[Somaliland]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
&amp;nbsp;[[Awdal]]{{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Maroodi Jeex|Woqooyi Galbeed]] {{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Sool]]*{{pb}}
|style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;{{flag icon|Khatumo}}'''{{color box|#6CCAFE}} [[Waqooyibari|Waqooyi Bari]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
&amp;nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Sool]] {{pb}}
|style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;{{flag icon|Puntland}}'''{{color box|#AEA9FE}} [[Puntland]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
&amp;nbsp;[[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]]{{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Nugaal|Nugaal]]{{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}}
|style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;{{flag icon|Galmudug}}'''{{color box|#DFA9FE}} [[Galmudug]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
&amp;nbsp;[[Galguduud]]{{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}}

|-
|style=&quot;padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;'''{{flag icon|Hirshabeelle}}{{color box|#FE3A46}} [[Hirshabeelle]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
&amp;nbsp;[[Hiiraan|Hiiraan]]{{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Dhexe]]{{pb}}

|style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;{{flag icon|South West State of Somalia}}'''{{color box|#FE9C5A}} [[Koonfur Galbeed|Koonfur Galbeed]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
&amp;nbsp;[[Bakool]]{{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Baay|Baay]]{{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Hoose|Shabeellaha Hoose]]{{pb}}
|style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;{{flag icon|Jubaland}}'''{{color box|#FEBB5A}} [[Jubaland]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
&amp;nbsp;[[Gedo]]{{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Dhexe]]{{pb}}
&amp;nbsp;[[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada Hoose]]{{pb}}
|style=&quot;padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;&quot;|
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;{{flagicon image|Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg}}'''{{color box|#F5F601}} [[Banaadir]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
----
&amp;nbsp;[[Muqdisho|Muqdisho]]{{pb}}

|}

&lt;small&gt; * Lagu muransan yahay&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt; ** Waxaa Somaliland u kala saartay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt; *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug&lt;/small&gt;

** Waxay Somaliland u qaybisay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]&lt;/small&gt;
​&lt;small&gt; *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug&lt;/small&gt;
​Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda ''de facto'' waxay u qaybsan tahay [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|gobollada ismaamulka]] ee [[Puntland]] (oo isu tixgelisa dawlad goboleed ismaamul ah), [[Somaliland]] (dawlad iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madax-bannaani, aqoonsi xaddidan leh) iyo [[Waqooyibari|Dawlad Goboleedka Woqooyi Bari ee Soomaaliya]] oo dhowaan la aasaasay. Bartamaha Soomaaliya, [[Galmudug]] waa maamul goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. [[Jubaland]] oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa gobolka afaraad ee ismaamul ee ka tirsan federaalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;factbook&quot;/&gt; Sannadkii 2014-kii, waxaa sidoo kale la aasaasay [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dawlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=International community welcomes newly-elected President of Somalia's Interim South West Administration|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|access-date=5 January 2015|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=19 November 2014|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la furay shirka dhismaha ee dawlad goboleedka cusub ee [[Hirshabeelle |Hirshabeelle]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Adado conference kicks off in central Somalia|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|access-date=15 May 2015|agency=Garowe Online|date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104021/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
​[[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] waxaa loo xilsaaray sannadkii 2012-kii inay soo xulaan tirada kama dambaysta ah iyo xuduudaha dawlad goboleedyada ismaamulka (si rasmi ah ''[[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Dawlad Goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah Federaalka]]'') ee ka tirsan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frspc&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution|url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&amp;tabid=9705&amp;language=en-US|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&amp;tabid=9705&amp;language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===Xiriirka dibadda===
[[File:2015 01 25 Turkish President Visit to Somalia-1 (16176887607).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo Madaxweynaha Turkiga Recep Tayyip Erdogan ayaa xariga ka jaray Terminalka cusub ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cabdulle ee magaalada Muqdisho. (25 Janaayo 2015)]]
Xiriirka dibadda ee Soomaaliya waxaa maamula madaxweynaha sida madaxa dowladda, Ra’iisul wasaaraha oo ah madaxa xukuumadda, iyo wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee federaalka . 
Sida ku cad qodobka 54-aad ee dastuurka qaranka, qeybsiga awoodaha iyo kheyraadka ee dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya waa in ay ka wadahadlaan oo ay ku heshiiyaan dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada, marka laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira arrimaha dibadda, difaaca qaranka, jinsiyadda iyo socdaalka iyo siyaasadda lacagta. Qodobka 53-aad ayaa sidoo kale dhigaya in Dowladda Federaalka ay kala tashato Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Dowladda Federaalka arrimaha waaweyn ee la xiriira heshiisyada caalamiga ah oo ay ku jiraan wada-xaajoodka ganacsiga dibadda, maaliyadda iyo heshiisyada. Dowladda Federaalka waxay xiriir laba geesood ah la leedahay dhowr dowladood oo dhexe oo ka tirsan beesha caalamka. Waxaa ka mid ah Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Masar , Imaaraadka Carabta , Yemen , Turkiga , Talyaaniga , Ingiriiska , Denmark , Faransiiska , Maraykanka , Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , Federaalka Ruushka iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya .
Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr safaaradood oo dibadda ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira safaarado iyo qunsuliyado shisheeye oo kala duwan oo fadhigoodu yahay caasimadda Muqdisho iyo meelo kale oo dalka ah.
Soomaaliya waxay kaloo xubin ka tahay ururo badan oo caalami ah, sida Qaramada Midoobay , Midowga Afrika iyo Jaamacadda Carabta . Waxay xubin ka ahayd Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka 1969.  Xubnaha kale waxaa ka mid ah Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , Kooxda 77 , Urur Goboleedka IGAD , Bangiga Caalamiga ah ee Dib-u-dhiska iyo Horumarinta , Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka Caalamiga ah , Ururka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah , Hay'adda Maaliyadda Caalamiga ah , Dhaqdhaqaaqa aan Isbahaysiga ahayn iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka
===Milatari===
[[File:Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro - 1977.jpg|thumb|Gaashaanle Sare C/laahi Axmed Cirro oo ahaa Taliyihii Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed 1977kii.]]
Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliya (SAF) waa ciidamada milateriga ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.  Isagoo Madaxwaynuhu ka yahay Taliyaha Guud ee Qaranka, waxa dastuurku u igmaday inay sugaan qarannimada, madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee qaranka. 
SAF waxa ay markii hore ka koobnaayeen Ciidanka , Ciidanka Badda , Ciidanka Cirka , Ciidanka Booliska iyo Nabadsugida .  Muddadii xorriyadda ka dib, waxay kortay inay ka mid noqoto ciidamada waaweyn ee qaaradda.  Kaddib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991kii wuxuu horseeday in la kala diro ciidankii xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed. 
Sannadkii 2004-tii, waxaa si tartiib-tartiib ah dib-u-dhis ciidan loogu sameeyay dhismihii KMG ahaa. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya ayaa hadda waxaa dusha kala socda Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo la dhisay bartamihii sanadkii hore ee 2012-ka. Bishii Janaayo 2013, dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa sidoo kale dib u howlgelisay hay’addii sirdoonka qaranka ee Muqdisho, iyadoo magaca hay’addaas loo bixiyay NISA .  Dawlad- goboleedka Somaliland iyo Puntland waxay ilaashadaan ammaankooda iyo ciidamadooda booliiska.
===Xuquuqda Aadanaha===
Xuquuqda aadanaha waxaa lagu damaanad qaaday [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka Federaalka]]. Waxay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Xuquuqda Aadanaha oo la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Usthrs&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Somalia takes human rights steps|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2013/09/03/Somalia-takes-human-rights-steps/UPI-34071378218185/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UPI|date=3 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isla waqtigaas, maamulka dhexe wuxuu bilaabay Maalinta Qaranka ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha, ansixiyay Khariidadda Rasmiga ah ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha,&lt;ref name=Suehhrebubcp&gt;{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&amp;Cr=somalia&amp;Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&amp;Cr=somalia&amp;Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E |url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014 |newspaper=UN News Centre |date=3 September 2013 |archive-date = 2014-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; wuxuuna dhameystiray Siyaasadda Qaranka ee Jinsiga ee ugu horreysay Soomaaliya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sasrracptrwvms&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|publisher=AMISOM|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Galmada lab iyo dhedig labadaba waxay ku muteysanayaan dil Soomaaliya gudaheeda. Oktoobar 3, 2020, baadhaha xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa walaac ka muujiyay dib u dhigista dowladda Soomaaliya ee ballanqaadyada xuquuqda aadanaha.

==Dhaqaalaha==
[[File:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154 ee magaalada Sharjah ee dalka Imaaraadka Carabta. Soomaaliya maanta waxay leedahay diyaarado dhowr ah oo gaar loo leeyahay.]]
Sida laga soo xigtay CIA-da iyo Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , iyadoo ay socdaan kacdoono sokeeye, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ku kooban yahay marka hore xoolaha iyo xawaaladaha / xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee ku nool wadamada dhaqaalahoodu horumaray, iyo isgaarsiinta gudaha . Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay yaraanta tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo soo noqnoqoshada dagaalka sokeeye ee tobanaan sano socday , way adagtahay in la qiyaaso xajmiga ama kobaca dhaqaalaha. Sannadkii 1994-kii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay GDP-ga $3.3 bilyan.  Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan.  Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay in GDP-gu uu koray $5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , intii lagu jiray dagaal gudaha ah oo aad u yar, qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale koray, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo waaxda warshaduhu ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho , warbixintii 2007dii waxay xustay maalgashi gaar ah oo la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, ee hawlaha ganacsiga; Taas waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ahaa ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha, gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. Sannadkii 2007, dhaqaaleyahan Libertarian Peter Leeson waxa uu dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee korodhay u sababeeyay xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida (oo loo yaqaan Xeer ), kaas oo uu soo jeediyay in uu helo jawi xasiloon oo ganacsi lagu sameeyo. 
Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, GDP qofkiiba sanadkii 2012 wuxuu ahaa $226, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhacay marka la eego 1990. Qiyaastii 43% dadweynaha waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Mareykanka ah maalintii, qiyaastii 24% dadka laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% waxay ku nool yihiin miyiga. 
Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamada casriga ah ee warshadaha. Soomaaliya ayaa leh geela ugu badan adduunka. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo-dhaqato reer-guuraa ah, oo xoolo dhaqato ari, ido, geel iyo lo'. Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay ururiyaan xabag iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda.
===Beeraha===
Beeraha ayaa ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada.  Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta.  dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $460 milyan sannadkii, taasoo ka badan wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor. Soomaaliya waxaa ka jirta hoos u dhac ganacsi oo gaaraya ilaa 190 milyan oo dollar sanadkii, balse taasi waxaa dhaaftay lacagaha ay soo diraan Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool, taasoo lagu qiyaasay ilaa hal bilyan oo dollar. 
Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaallaan meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carbeed, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Taas oo taas ka duulaysa, dalalka Khaliijka Carabta ayaa bilaabay inay dalka ku sameeyaan maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah, iyadoo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabayaashii dhoofinta xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna iibsaday dhul beereed aad u ballaadhan.  Soomaaliya sidoo kale waa dalka ugu badan ee keena Beeyada iyo Malmalka
[[File:Mogadishu Sea Port.jpg|thumb|Dekada Muqdisho]]
Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Sida laga soo xigtay Rugta Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha Soomaaliyeed , in ka badan lix shirkadood oo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale bixiya duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Daallo, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Jubba, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Afrikaan Express  , Bariga Afrika 540, Xarunta Hawada Dhexe iyo Hajara.  Sannadkii 2008, dawladda Puntland waxay heshiis malaayiin doollar ah la saxeexatay Dubai ' Kooxda Lootah, oo ah koox warshadeed goboleed oo ka hawlgasha Bariga Dhexe iyo Afrika. Heshiiskan ayaa dhigaya in wajiga koowaad ee maalgelinta uu ku kacayo 170 m, waxaana lagu wadaa in la dhiso shirkado cusub oo ka howlgala, maamula iyo dhismaha suuqa ganacsiga xorta ah ee magaalada Boosaaso iyo dhismaha badda iyo garoonka diyaaradaha. Shirkadda Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhisto dhismaha garoonka si ay u buuxiso heerarka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan waddo cusub oo 3,400 m (11,200 fuudh) ah, dhismayaal waaweyn iyo kuwo caawiye ah, tagaasida iyo garoonnada, iyo hareeraha ammaanka. 
Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba joogta Soomaaliyeed, in badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado ka sameysan kalluunka oo ku yaalla gobollada waqooyi, sidoo kale waxaa ku yaalla 25 warshadood oo ku yaalla agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada, biyaha macdanta, macmacaanka, bacaha, dharka , hargaha iyo saabuunta, saabuunta iyo saabuunta, aluminium, furaashyo xumbo ah iyo barkimo, doonyo kalluumeysi, oo sameeya baakadaha, iyo kuwa dhagxaanta lagu farsameeyo . Sannadkii 2004tii, waxaa sidoo kale magaalada laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaaddeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ah. Maalgelinta shisheeye waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray dad caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan General Motors iyo Dole Fruit .

===Habka lacagta iyo lacag bixinta===
[[File:Obverse 2022 Somalia 1 oz Silver coin Leopard.jpg|thumb|2022 Soomaaliya 1 oz lacag ah Leopard (100 shilin)]]
Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . 
Kalsooni la’aanta lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo qaato marka la barbar dhigo shilinka Soomaaliga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacag- is-weydaarsiga lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad u badan ayaa sare u kac ku yimid, gaar ahaan wax kala iibsiga oo aad u hooseeya. Sida uu sheegay Baanka Dhexe, deegaankan sicir-bararka ayaa la filayaa inuu soo afjarmo isla marka uu bangigu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegta ah ee ay shirkaduhu soo kordhiyeen. 
In kasta oo Soomaaliya aysan lahayn awood lacageed oo dhexe muddo ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxeysay markii uu qarxay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1991-kii iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009-kii, nidaamka lacag-bixinta ee qaranka ayaa si cadaalad ah u horumaray iyadoo ay ugu horreyso jiritaanka baahsanaanta shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. 
Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha.  Intooda badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin Ururka Xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA), oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama ururka ka horreeyay ee Ururka Adeegyada Maaliyadeed ee Soomaaliya (SFSA).  MTO-yada Soomaalida ugu weyn waa Dahabshiil , oo ah shirkad ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2,000 oo qof oo ku kala nool 144 waddan oo laamo ku leh London iyo Dubai 
[[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]]
Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. 
Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aasaasay 2012 si ay u soo jiitaan maalgashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dardargeliyo dib u dhiska ka socda Soomaaliya kadib colaadaha.

===Tamarta iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah===
Baanka Adduunka waxa uu sheegay in, 2007-dii, in korontadu ay inta badan bixiyeen ganacsiyo maxalli ah. Shirkadahan gudaha waxaa ka mid ah Shirkadda Tamarta Soomaaliyeed , oo qabata abuurista, gudbinta iyo qaybinta korontada.Sannadkii 2010, qaranku wuxuu soo saaray 310 milyan kWh wuxuuna cunay 288.3 milyan kWh oo koronto ah, oo kala galay 170aad iyo 177aad, siday u kala horreeyaan, sida ay CIA-du sheegtay.
[[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]]
Soomaaliya waxay leedahay kayd khayraad badan oo dabiici ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Yuuraaniyam , Bir ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . CIA-da ayaa sheegtay in ay jiraan 5.663 bilyan cubic mitir oo kayd gaas dabiici ah oo la xaqiijiyey. 
Lama hubo joogitaanka iyo inta uu le'eg yahay kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya. CIA-da waxa ay cadaysay in laga bilaabo 2011 aanay dalka ka jirin kayd shidaal oo la xaqiijiyey,  halka UNCTAD ay soo jeedinayso in kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya ugu badan uu ku yaal xeebaha waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland. Koox saliideed ah oo ku taxan Sydney , Kheyraadka Buuraleyda , waxay ku qiyaaseen in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyi-bari uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10 6  m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 10 9  m 3 ) oo saliid ah,  ayaa caddeeyey in kaydka saliidda ee Suudaan uu yahay 6.7 bilyan.  Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Batroolka Soomaaliya waxaa dhistay dowladda federaalka. 
Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay Soomaaliya ka heleen kayd weyn oo Yuraaniyaam ah iyo kayd macdaneed oo naadir ah. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshadaha ay qiyaaseen in cadadka kaydka ahi ay noqon karto in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas la yaqaan ee 800,000 oo tan. Sannadkii 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya wuxuu soo sheegay in waddanku leeyahay 5,000 tan oo uranium ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo uranium ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay kheyraad dheeraad ah (EAR) ee kaydka calcrete , iyo sidoo kale 0-150,000 oo kheyraad ah oo uranium ah. kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxa ay u xuub-siibatay soo saarista Yuraaniyaamka adduunka ugu weyn, iyada oo ay ku tartamayaan shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, Imaaraadka, Talyaaniga iyo Baraasiil. Xiriir Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah waxay saami ku leedahay gobollada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres (470,002 ha) ee Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA), oo ay ku jirto sahaminta Yuuraaniyam. 
Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska warshadaha ee Is dhexgalka Caalamiga ah waa shirkad tamareed oo fadhigeedu yahay Muqdisho. Waxaa ku midoobay shan shirkadood oo waaweyn oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga , maaliyadda , amniga iyo isgaarsiinta , kaddib heshiiskii wadajirka ahaa ee 2010-kii lagu saxiixay magaalada Istanbul ee dalka Turkiga si ay u bixiyaan kaabayaasha korontada iyo gaaska ee Soomaaliya. Iyada oo miisaaniyadii hore ee maalgelinta ahayd $1 bilyan, shirkaddu waxay bilawday Mashruuca Kala qaybinta Nabadda Soomaaliya, oo ah barnaamij tamar xoog leh oo xoog leh oo loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo hindisayaasha warshadaynta gudaha.
Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa laga filayaa in dhaqaalaha uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’ideysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya.

===Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta===
[[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]]
Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bilaabay in ay abuurmaan oo u tartamaan sidii ay u heli lahaayeen kaabayaal dhaqaale oo maqan. Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah oo ay maalgaliyeen ganacsato Soomaaliyeed ayna taageerayaan khubaro ka kala socota Shiinaha , Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyo Yurub, shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah ayaa bixiya adeegyo taleefoonnada gacanta iyo internetka ah oo jaban oo aan laga helin meelo badan oo kale oo qaaradda ah. Macaamiishu waxa ay ku samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha (sida Dahabshiil-ka caanka ah ) iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyaga oo isticmaalaya telefoonnada gacanta, iyo sidoo kale in ay si fudud u helaan internet wireless. 
Ka dib markii ay iskaashi la sameeyeen shirkado caalami ah sida Sprint , ITT iyo Telenor , shirkadahani hadda waxay bixiyaan wicitaanada telefoonka ugu jaban uguna nadiifsan Afrika. Shirkadahan isgaarsiinta Soomaalida ayaa sidoo kale adeegyo u fidiya magaalo kasta iyo magaalo kasta oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah. Hadda waxa jira ilaa 25 khadadka ugu muhiimsan 1,000kii qofba, helida khadadka taleefoonada ee maxaliga ah ( Cufnaanta taleefannada ) ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer in ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah.  Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Kooxda Golis Telecom, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom iyo Kooxda Somali Telecom. Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Inkasta oo ay xafiiltamaan, dhowr shirkadood oo kuwan ka mid ah ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaanta 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha, ilaalinta iyo ballaarinta shabakadahooda, iyo hubinta in tartanka uusan ka bixin xakamaynta. 
Telefishinka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee ay dowladdu maamusho waa kan ugu weyn ee adeegga dadweynaha ee qaranka. Muddo labaatan sano ah ka dib, waxaa si rasmi ah dib loo howlgeliyay idaacadda 4 - tii Abriil 2011 . TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Puntland TV iyo Radio hawada gobolada waqooyi.
Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr telefishin iyo shabakado raadiyo oo gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah Telefishanka Horn Cable iyo Telefishanka Universal .  Wargeysyada Xog Doon iyo Xog Ogaal iyo Horyaal Ciyaaraha oo ka soo baxa caasimadda dalka dibaddiisa. Waxa kale oo jira tiro warbaahin oo online ah oo tabisa wararka gudaha,  oo ay ku jiraan Garoowe Onlayn , Wardheernews, iyo Boostada Puntland.
Koodhka dalka internetka ee heerka sare (ccTLD) ee Soomaaliya waa .so . Waxa si rasmi ah dib u hawl-galiyey 1-dii November 2010-kii oo ay samaysay Diiwaanka .SO, kaas oo ay nidaamisay Wasaaradda Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Qaranka. 
Bishii Nofembar 2013, ka dib Heshiis Is-afgarad ah oo lala saxiixday Boostada imaaraadka bishii Abriil ee sanadka, Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta dowladda federaalka ayaa si rasmi ah dib ugu dhistay Adeegga Boostada Soomaaliyeed (Boostada Soomaaliyeed). Bishii Oktoobar 2014, wasaaraddu waxay sidoo kale dib u bilawday keenista boostada ee dibadda.

===Dalxiiska===
[[File:Laas Geel.jpg|thumb|Sawirro qadiimi ah oo ku yaal Laas Geel , Hargeysa]]
Soomaaliya waxay leedahay meelo soo jiidasho leh oo maxalli ah, oo ka kooban goobo taariikhi ah, xeebo, biyo-dhacyo, silsilado buuro iyo jardiinooyin qaran. Warshadaha dalxiiska waxa maamusha wasaaradda dalxiiska ee qaranka. Maamulada Puntland iyo Somaliland waxay leeyihiin xafiisyo dalxiis oo u gaar ah.  Ururka Dalxiiska Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA) ayaa sidoo kale bixiya adeegyo la-talin ah oo dalka gudihiisa ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha dalxiiska qaranka. Laga bilaabo Maarso 2015, Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Duurjoogta ee Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la qorsheeyay in la sameeyo kaydad dheeri ah iyo noocyada duurjoogta.  Dowladda Mareykanka waxay kula talisay dadka safarka ah inaysan u safrin Soomaaliya. Muuqaallada xusidda mudan waxaa ka mid ah godadka Laas-geel oo ay ku jiraan fanka dhagaxa Neolithic ; Cal Madow , Buuraha Golis iyo Buuraha Oogo ; biyo-dhacyada Isku -shuban iyo Lamadaya ; iyo Seeraha Qaranka ee Hargeysa , Jilibka Qaranka , Beerta Qaranka ee Kismaayo iyo Beerta Qaranka ee Lag Badana .
===Gaadiidka===
[[File:Aden Abdullah Airport.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde]]
Shabakadda waddooyinka Soomaaliya waa 22,100 km (13,700 mi). Laga bilaabo 2000 , 2,608 km (1,621 mi) jidad ayaa la saaray 19,492 km (12,112 mi) lama laami ah. Waddo dheer oo dhererkeedu yahay 750 km (470 mi) ayaa isku xirta magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga dalka, sida Boosaaso , Gaalkacyo iyo Garoowe iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. 
Laba iyo lixdan garoon diyaaradeed oo Soomaaliya oo dhan ah ayaa qaada gaadiidka hawada; toddobo ka mid ah kuwan ayaa laami la saaray. Kuwa dambe, afar garoon diyaaradeed ayaa leh dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee ka badan 3,047 mitir (9,997 ft); laba waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 iyo 3,047 m (7,999 iyo 9,997 ft) midna waa 1,524 ilaa 2,437 m (5,000 ilaa 7,995 ft) dheer. Waxa jira shan iyo konton garoon diyaaradeed oo leh meelo ay ka soo degaan oo aan laami ahayn. Mid waxa uu leeyahay dhabo diyaaradeed oo ka badan 3,047 m; afar waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 m iyo 3,047 m dherer; labaatan waa 1,524 m ilaa 2,437 m; afar iyo labaatan waa 914 m ilaa 1,523 m; lixna waxay ka hooseeyaan 914 mitir (2,999 ft).  Garoomada ugu waaweyn ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde ee Muqdisho, Garoonka Diyaaradaha Hargeysa ee Hargeysa, Garoonka Kismaayo ee Kismaayo , Garoonka Baydhabo ee Baydhabo iyo Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso.
Somali Airlines oo la aas aasay 1964-tii, waxay ahayd duulimaadka calanka Soomaaliya. Waxa ay joojisay hawlihii ay ka shaqayn jirtay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii sokeeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee , dawladdii Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay ayaa markii dambe bilowday diyaargarow loogu jiro dib u hawlgelinta shirkadii la filayey in dib loo bilaabo sannadkii 2012 . In ka badan lix ka mid ah shirkadahan diyaaradeed ee gaarka loo leeyahay waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. 
Iyadoo leh xeebta ugu dheer qaaradda,  Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr dekedood oo waaweyn . Gaadiidka badda ayaa laga helaa dekedaha Muqdisho, Boosaaso, Berbera , Kismaayo iyo Marka . Waxaa kaloo jira hal badeecooyin badeed ah . Waxa la aasaasay 2008, waxa ay ku salaysan tahay xamuulka.

==Tirakoobka dadweynaha==
{{Further|Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool}}

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 10px&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#cfb;&quot;|Tirada Dadka{{UN_Population|ref}}
|-
! style=&quot;background:#cfb;&quot;|Sano
! style=&quot;background:#cfb;&quot;|Milyan
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|1950 ||style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2.3
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|2000 ||style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|9.0
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Somalia}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}}
|}
Soomaaliya waxaa ka maqan xog la isku halayn karo.  Wadanku waxa lagu qiyaasaa dad lagu qiyaasay 17.1 milyan oo degan 2021; wadarta dadka marka loo eego tirakoobkii 1975 waxay ahaayeen 3.3 milyan. Sahan ay samaysay Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay oo la sameeyay 2013 iyo 2014 ayaa lagu qiyaasay tirada guud ee dadka inay tahay 12,316,895. 
Qiyaastii 85% dadka deegaanka waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah , kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan deggenaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka. Waxay dhaqan ahaan u abaabulan yihiin reer guuraa xoolo-dhaqato ah, boqortooyo dabacsan, suldaanno iyo dawlad-goboleedyo. Dagaalladii sokeeye ee billowgii sagaashamaadkii waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen tirada qurbo-joogta Soomaalida , iyadoo in badan oo ka mid ah Soomaalidii aqoonta sare lahayd ay dalka ka tageen. 
Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ayaa ah inta ka hartay shacabka Soomaaliyeed, waxayna inta badan ku badan yihiin gobollada koonfureed.  Waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , Bantus , Bajuuni , Xabashi (gaar ahaan Oromo ) Yamaniyiin , Hindi , Faaris , Talyaani iyo Ingiriis . Qowmiyadda Bantus oo ah qowmiyadda ugu badan ee laga tirada badan yahay Soomaaliya, waa faracii addoomo laga keenay Koonfur-bari Afrika oo ay lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Soomaali ah.  1940kii, waxa ku noolaa Somaliland Talyaani ilaa 50,000 Talyaani ah . Inta badan reer Yurub waxay ka tageen xorriyadda ka dib, iyadoo tiro yar oo reer galbeed ah ay weli joogaan Soomaaliya oo u badan kuwa u shaqeeya hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya.
[[File:Population pyramid of Somalia 2015.png|thumb|Dadka da' kasta]]
Qurba joog Soomaaliyeed oo aad u tiro badan ayaa ka jira wadamo kala duwan oo reer galbeed ah sida Maraykanka (gaar ahaan gobolka Minnesota ) iyo Ingiriiska (gaar ahaan London ), Iswidhan, Kanada, Norway, Nederland, Jarmalka, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Switzerland, Austria, Talyaaniga, iyo sidoo kale Jasiiradda Carabta , iyo dalal dhowr ah oo Afrikaan ah sida Uganda iyo Koonfur Afrika . Qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa si weyn ugu lug leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka Soomaaliya. Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed , ayaa horay u ahaa qurbo-joog, wuxuuna heystay dhalashada Mareykanka oo uu si iskii ah uga tanaasulay 2019. 
Dadka Soomaaliya waxa ay ku sii fidayaan kobac dhan 1.75% sanadkii, halka 1,000 qofba ay dhallaan 40.87. Wadarta heerka bacriminta Soomaaliya waa 6.08 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba (qiyaastii 2014), waana tan afaraad ee ugu sareysa adduunka, sida uu qabo Buugga Xaqiiqooyinka Adduunka ee CIA . Inta badan dadka deegaanka ayaa ah dhalinyaro, da'da dhexdhexaadka ah waa 17.7 sano; Qiyaastii 44% dadku waxay da'doodu u dhaxaysaa 0-14 sano, 52% waxay u dhexeeyaan da'da 15-64 sano, kaliya 2% waa 65 sano ama ka weyn.  Saamiga lab iyo dheddig waa qiyaas dheelli tiran, iyadoo saami ahaan lagu qiyaaso inta ragga ah sida dumarka.
Ma jiraan xog la isku halayn karo oo ku saabsan magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Qiyaaso adag ayaa la sameeyay oo tilmaamaya heerka magaalaynta 4.8% sanadkii (2005–2010 qiyaas ahaan.), iyadoo magaalooyin badan ay si degdeg ah u korayaan magaalooyinka.  Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa sidoo kale ka soo guuray miyiga una guuray magaalooyinka tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaalladii sokeeye, gaar ahaan Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo .  Laga soo bilaabo 2008 , 37.7% dadweynaha qaranku waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka, iyadoo boqolkiiba ay si degdeg ah u kordheyso. 
===Luuqadaha===
Af-Soomaaligu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee ugu horreysa ee Soomaaliya halka Carabiga uu yahay luqadda labaad ee rasmiga ah ee dastuurka. Af-Soomaaligu waa afkii hooyo ee dadka Soomaaliyeed oo ah qowmiyadda ugu tirada badan qaranka. Waa xubin ka tirsan laanta Kushitigga ee qoyska afafka Afro-Aasiyatiga, qaraabada ugu dhowna waa afafka Oromada, Canfarta iyo Saho. Af-Soomaaligu waa kan ugu wanaagsan ee laga diiwaan geliyo luqadaha Kushitigga, iyada oo daraasado tacliimeed lagu sameeyay laga soo bilaabo 1900 ka hor.
[[File:Somali Stone.jpg|thumb|Looxa dhagaxa ah ee laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ee suugaanta Wadaad]]
Af-Soomaaligu wuxuu u qaybsamaa saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: Waqooyi, Banaadir iyo Maayga. Soomaali-waqooyi (ama Waqooyi-Bartamaha Soomaaliya) ayaa saldhig u ah heerka Soomaaliga. Benaadir (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xeebta Soomaaliya) waxaa looga hadlaa xeebta Banaadir, laga bilaabo Cadale ilaa koonfurta magaalada Marka oo ay ku jirto Muqdisho, iyo sidoo kale dhulka hoose ee dhow. Lahjadaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin telefoono dheeraad ah oo aan ku qornayn Soomaali caadi ah. Maayga waxaa ku hadla inta badan beelaha Digil iyo Mirifle (Raxanweyn) ee dega deegaanada koonfurta Soomaaliya. Banaadiri waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka, marka la barbardhigo Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Somaliland.
Sanado badan ayaa habab qoris kala duwan loo adeegsaday qorista afka Soomaaliga. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah alifbeetada Soomaaliga, oo ah tan ugu badan ee la isticmaalo, isla markaana noqotay qoraalka rasmiga ah ee Soomaaliya tan iyo markii Golaha Sare ee Kacaanku si rasmi ah u hirgeliyay bishii Oktoobar 1972.&lt;ref&gt;Economist Intelligence Unit (Great Britain) ''Middle East annual review'' (1975) p. 229&lt;/ref&gt; Qoraallo kale oo qarniyo badan loo adeegsanayay qorista Soomaaliga waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Carabiga iyo qoraalka Wadaadka. Habab qoraal oo asal ahaan Soomaaliyeed oo la sameeyay qarnigii 20-aad waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Cusmaaniya, qoraalka Borama iyo qoraalka Kaddare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|pp=86–87}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Carabi|Carabiga]], oo ah luqadda labaad ee Soomaaliya,&lt;ref name=&quot;Frspc&quot;/&gt; waxaa ku hadla ku dhowaad hal milyan oo Soomaali ah&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnologue.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308060654/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |archive-date=8 March 2021 |access-date=2 February 2020 |website=Ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt; sababo la xiriira xiriirrada qarniyada badan jiray ee ay la leedahay Dunida Carabta, saameynta ballaaran ee warbaahinta Carabiga, iyo waxbarashada diinta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dubnov&quot;&gt;Helena Dubnov (2003) ''A grammatical sketch of Somali'', Kِppe, pp. 70–71.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor (1993) ''The Somalis: their history and culture'', Center for Applied Linguistics, p. 15.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Fiona MacDonald et al. (2000) ''Peoples of Africa'', Vol. 10, Marshall Cavendish, p. 178.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=((American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies)) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=Somali+arab+ties&amp;pg=PA235 |title=Area Handbook for Somalia |date=1969 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |page=235 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=1 December 2005 |title=Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide |url=http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-date=14 December 2006 |access-date=27 June 2010 |publisher=Mepc.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abdullahi 2001 12&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; SIL Global waxay qiyaastaa tirada guud ee dadka ku hadla, iyadoo aan loo eegin heerka aqoontooda, inay ka badan tahay laba milyan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages|title=Somalia|website=Ethnologue}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa loo adeegsadaa luqad cibaado maadaama uu yahay afka [[Qur'aan|Qur'aanka]]. Soomaalidu waxay bartaan akhriska iyo qorista Carabiga iyagoo da' yar.

[[File:Arabic in Somalia Graph.png|thumb|280px|left|Qiyaasta aqoonta Carabiga ee dadka Soomaaliyeed, iyadoo la kala saarayo akhriska qoraalka Qur'aanka iyo ku hadalka Carabiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salad2025&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Salad |first=Hussein Ahmed |title=Somali community perception on Arabic language |journal=Horn of Africa Journal of Social Science |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=50–60 |year=2025 |doi=10.70806/frz04z80}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

[[Af-Ingiriis|Ingiriisiga]] si weyn ayaa looga hadlaa loona dhigaa. Wuxuu ahaan jiray luqad maamul xilligii maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska, waxaana sabab u ah caalamiyeynta uu hadda caan ka yahay guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Ingiriisigu waa luqadda waxbarashada ee jaamacado badan oo Soomaaliya ku yaalla, waana mid ka mid ah luqadaha shaqada ee ugu waaweyn hay'adaha aan dawliga ahayn ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya.

[[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaaniga]] wuxuu ahaa luqad rasmi ah xilligii Somaliland Talyaaniga iyo muddadii wakiillimada, laakiin isticmaalkiisa aad ayuu hoos ugu dhacay kaddib xorriyadda. Hadda waxaa inta badan laga maqlaa jiilalka waaweyn, saraakiisha dowladda, iyo dadka aqoonta leh.

Luqadaha kale ee laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese, oo ah nooc ka mid ah luqadda Bantu ee Sawaaxiliga oo laga hadlo xeebaha ay deggan yihiin dadka Bravanese, iyo Kibajuni, oo ah lahjad Sawaaxili ah oo ah afka hooyo ee kooxda qowmiyadeed ee laga tirada badan yahay ee Bajuni.
{{clear}}

===Gobolada iyo magaalooyinka===
{{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}}
===Diinta===
{{bar box|float=right
|title=[[Diinta Soomaalida]] 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The Global Religious Landscape|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2013|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=27 December 2013|page=49}}&lt;/ref&gt;|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Diin|right1=Boqolkiiba
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islaam|Islaam]]|green|99.8}}
{{bar percent|Mid Kale|red|0.2}}
}}
{{Main|Diinta Soomaalida}}
'''Diinta Soomaaliya 2010'''

Diinta		 Boqolkiiba

Islaamka     99.8% 

Mid kale     0.2%
[[File:Mosislsol2.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Isbaheysiga Islaamka ee magaalada Muqdisho ayaa ah masjidka ugu weyn gobolka Geeska.]]
Sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew , 99.8% dadka Soomaaliya waa Muslim 315. Inta badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin laanta Islaamka ee sunniga iyo mad-habta shaaficiga ee fiqiga islaamka . suufiyada , dariiqada suufiga ah ee Islaamka, ayaa sidoo kale si fiican u dhisan, oo leh jamacooyin badan oo maxalli ah zawiya  ama jameeco ka mid ah tariiqooyinka kala duwan ama suufiyada.  Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu kaloo qeexayaa diinta Islaamka inay tahay diinta dowladda ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, shareecada Islaamkana ay tahay isha aasaasiga ah ee sharci-dejinta qaranka. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in aan la samayn karin xeer aan waafaqsanayn mabaadi’da aasaasiga ah ee shareecada. 
Diinta Masiixiga waa diimo laga tiro badan yahay Soomaaliya, dadka raacsani waxay matalaan in ka yar 0.1% dadweynaha sanadka 2010 sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew.  Tirada Masiixiyiinta Soomaaliya waxa lagu qiyaasaa 1,000 qof.  Waxaa jira hal dariiqo Katoolik ah oo dalka oo dhan u yaal, Diocese-ka Muqdisho , taas oo ku qiyaastay in 2004 ay jireen ku dhawaad ​​boqol dhakhaatiir Katoolik ah. 
Sannadkii 1913kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku noolaa dhulka Soomaalida, iyada oo ilaa 100-200 oo keliya ay ka yimaaddeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee hawlgalladii Kaatooligga ee Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska . Sidoo kale ma jirin hawl wadeenno Katoolik ah oo la yaqaan oo ka socday Somaliland Talyaani isla muddadaas. Sannadihii 1970-aadkii, xilligii ay Soomaaliya ka talinaysay dowladdii Marxist-ta , waxaa la xiray iskuulladii ay kaniisaddu maamuli jirtay, adeegayaashana waxaa loo diray guryahooda. Tan iyo 1989-kii ma jirin wax Baasaboor ah oo dalka ka howlgala, waxaana cathedral- ka Muqdisho ka dhacay burbur xooggan oo soo gaaray dagaalladii sokeeye. Bishii Disembar 2013, Wasaaradda Caddaaladda iyo Arrimaha Diinta ayaa sidoo kale soo saartay awaamiir mamnuucaysa in dalka laga qabto xafladaha Kiristaanka. 
Marka loo eego xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sanadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diimaha dadweynaha . Kuwaas oo u badnaan ka koobnaa qaar ka mid ah qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ku nool qaybaha koonfureed ee dalka, kuwaas oo ku dhaqma nacayb . Dhanka Bantuda , dhaqamadaas diineed waxay ka dhaxleen awoowayaashood Koonfur Bari Afrika . 
Intaa waxaa dheer, marka loo eego Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sannadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diinta Yuhuudda , Hinduismka , Budhiismka , ama aan ku xidhnayn diin kasta .

===Caafimaadka===
[[File:Life expectancy in Somalia.png|thumb|Cimriga Soomaaliya, 1950 ilaa 2023]]
Ilaa burburkii dawladdii dhexe ee sannadkii 1991-kii, haykalka hab-dhismeedka iyo hab-dhismeedka maamulka ee waaxda daryeelka caafimaadka ee Soomaaliya waxa dusha kala socday Wasaaradda Caafimaadka. Saraakiisha caafimaadka ee gobolku waxay ku raaxaysanayeen xoogaa awood ah, laakiin daryeelka caafimaadku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u dhexeya. Dawladii hantiwadaaga ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre waxay joojisay dhaq-dhaqaaqii caafimaadka ee gaarka ahaa 1972 . 
Nidaamkii daryeelka bulshada ee Soomaaliya ayaa si weyn u burburay dagaalladii sokeeye ee xigay. Sida waaxaha kale ee hore loo qarameeyay, bixiyayaasha aan rasmiga ahayn ayaa buuxiyey booskii banaanaa waxayna bedeleen kalidii dawladii hore ee daryeelka caafimaadka, iyada oo helitaanka tas-hiilaadka ay markhaati ka tahay koror weyn.  Xarumo daryeel caafimaad oo badan, rugo caafimaad, isbitaallo iyo farmasiyo ayaa howsha lagu dhisay iyadoo loo marayo dadaallo Soomaaliyeed oo gurigooda lagu beeray.  Qiimaha la-talinta caafimaadka iyo daaweynta xarumahan waa mid hooseeya, $ 5.72 booqasho kasta oo xarumaha caafimaadka ah (oo leh daboolida dadweynaha ee 95%), iyo $ 1.89-3.97 booqasho bukaan-socod iyo $ 7.83-13.95 maalintii sariiraha aasaasiga ah ilaa isbitaallada sare. 
Isbarbardhigga muddada 2005-2010 iyo tobankii sano ee badhkii ka hor dillaaca iskahorimaadka (1985-1990), rajada nolosha ayaa dhab ahaantii kor u kacday celcelis ahaan 47 sano ragga iyo dumarka ilaa 48.2 sano ragga iyo 51 sano haweenka.  Sidoo kale, tirada hal sano jirka ah ee si buuxda looga tallaalay jadeecada ayaa kor uga kacday 30% 1985-1990 ilaa 40% 2000-2005, iyo qaaxada , waxay kor u kacday ku dhawaad ​​20% ilaa 50% isla muddadaas. 
Tirada dhallaanka miisaankoodu hooseeyo ayaa hoos uga dhacay min 16 1,000kiiba ilaa 0.3, taasoo ah 15% hoos u dhac ku yimid wadar ahaan isla waqtigaas. Intii u dhaxaysay 2005 iyo 2010 marka la barbardhigo 1985-1990, dhimashada dhallaanka ee 1,000 dhalasho waxay sidoo kale hoos uga dhacday 152 ilaa 109.6.  Muhiimad weyn, dhimashada hooyada 100,000 ee dhallaanka waxay ka dhacday 1,600 dagaalkii ka hor 1985-1990 tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ilaa 1,100 muddadii 2000-2005. Tirada dhakhaatiirta 100,000 ee qof ayaa sidoo kale ka kacay 3.4 ilaa 4 isla waqti isku mid ah, sida boqolkiiba dadka helay adeegyada fayadhowrka, kuwaas oo ka kordhay 18% ilaa 26%. 
Marka loo eego xogta Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee shaqaalaha umulisooyinka, wadar ahaan 429 umulisooyin ah (oo ay ku jiraan kalkaalisooyin- umulisooyin) Soomaaliya, oo leh cufnaanta hal umuliso 1,000kii carruur ah ee nool. Siddeed xarumood oo umulisooyin ah ayaa hadda dalka ka jira, oo laba ka mid ah ay yihiin kuwo gaar loo leeyahay. Umulisada waxaa nidaamisa dowladda, waxaana loo baahan yahay shatiga si loogu shaqeeyo si xirfadeysan. Diiwaangelin toos ah ayaa sidoo kale jirta si loola socdo umulisooyinka shatiga haysta. Intaa waxaa dheer, umulisooyinka dalka waxaa si rasmi ah uga wakiil ah ururka umulisooyinka maxalliga ah, oo ka diiwaangashan 350 xubnood
Marka loo eego qiyaasta hay'adda caafimaadka adduunka ee 2005, qiyaastii 97.9% haweenka iyo gabdhaha Soomaaliya ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah, caadada guurka ka hor inta badan waxay ku dhacdaa Geeska Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow. Waxaa dhiirigeliyay haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in la ilaaliyo dhawrsanaanta, laga hortago sinada, lagana ilaaliyo weerarka.  Sannadkii 2013, UNICEF oo kaashanaysa maamullada Soomaaliya ayaa sheegtay in heerka baahsanaanta ee gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 1- ilaa 14-sano ee ku nool gobollada waqooyi ee Puntland iyo Somaliland ay hoos ugu dhacday 25% ka dib olole wacyigelin bulsho iyo diineed ah.  Qiyaastii 93% ragga Soomaaliyeed ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay in la guday
Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya heerka caabuqa HIV ee qaaradda. Taasna waxaa loo aaneynayaa dabeecadda Muslimka ah ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo ku-dhaqanka Soomaalida ku dhaqanka akhlaaqda Islaamka. Iyadoo lagu qiyaasay heerka faafidda HIV ee Soomaaliya 1987 (sannadkii warbixinta kiiskii ugu horreeyay) uu ahaa 1% dadka waaweyn,  warbixin 2012 ka soo baxday UNAIDS ayaa sheegaysa in tan iyo 2004, qiyaasaha laga soo bilaabo 0.7% ilaa 1.0% la qiyaasay. 
In kasta oo daryeelka caafimaadku hadda inta badan ku urursan yahay ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay, nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka guud ee dalku waxa uu ku socdaa dib-u-dhiskiisa, waxaana dusha kala socota wasaaradda caafimaadka. Wasiirka caafimaadka Qamar Aadan Cali.  Ismaamulka Puntland waxa uu leeyahay Wasaarad u gaar ah Caafimaadka, sida gobolka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya. 
Xarumaha caafimaadka ee dalka caanka ka ah ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Bariga Baardheere , Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Caabudwaaq , Isbitaalka Hooyada ee Edna Aadan iyo qeybta Hooyada ee Galbeedka Baardheere .
===Waxbarashada===
Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ayaa si rasmi ah uga mas’uul ah waxbarashada Soomaaliya, waxaana ay dusha kala socotaa dugsiyada hoose dhexe , sare ,farsamada iyo farsamada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale tababaridda macallimiinta hoose iyo kuwa farsamada iyo waxbarashada dadban . Qiyaastii 15% ee miisaaniyadda dawladda waxa loo qoondeeyey hab-waxbarasho.  Maamul-goboleedka Puntland iyo Somaliland ayaa iska leh wasaaradaha waxbarashada.
[[File:Mogauniv1.jpg|thumb|Xarunta ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda Muqdisho ee Muqdisho]]
Waxbarashada sare ee Soomaaliya hadda waa mid gaar loo leeyahay. Dhawr jaamacadood oo dalka ku yaala oo ay ku jirto jaamacadda Muqdisho ayaa lagu qiimeeyay 100-ka jaamacadood ee ugu wanaagsan qaaradda Afrika in kasta oo ay jiraan deegaan qallafsan, taasoo lagu tilmaamay inay tahay guul laga gaaray hindisayaal salka ku haya .  Jaamacadaha kale ee sidoo kale bixiya tacliinta sare ee koonfurta waxaa ka mid ah Jaamacadda Banaadir , Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed , Jaamacadda Kismaayo iyo Jaamacadda Gedo . Puntland waxbarashada sare waxaa bixiya Jaamacadaha Puntland iyo Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika . Somaliland waxa bixiya Jaamacada Camuud , Jaamacada Hargeysa , Somaliland Jaamacadda Teknolojiyadda iyo Jaamacadda Burco .
Dugsiyada Qur'aanka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan dugsi quran ama malcamad quran ) ayaa ah nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee barashada diinta dhaqameed. Loo yaqaan habka ugu xasilloon ee deegaanka, nidaamka aan tooska ahayn ee waxbarashada oo bixiya waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee diinta iyo akhlaaqda, xooggoodu waxay ku tiirsan yihiin taageerada bulshada iyo adeegsigooda agab waxbarasho oo gudaha laga sameeyay oo si weyn loo heli karo. Nadaamka Qur’aanka oo wax lagu baro tirada ugu badan ee ardayda marka loo eego qeybaha kale ee waxbarashada, ayaa inta badan ah nidaamka kaliya ee ay heli karaan Soomaalida reer guuraaga ah marka loo eego magaalooyinka. Si wax looga qabto khaladaadka dhanka culuumta diinta, dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa dhankeeda sidoo kale ka dib dhistay Wasaaradda Awqaafta iyo Arrimaha Islaamka, taasoo hadda lagu maamulo waxbarashada Qur’aanka.

==Dhaqanka==
===Cunto===
[[File:Banadir3.jpg|thumb|Noocyada kala duwan ee cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Soomaalida]]
Cunnada Soomaalidu waa isku dhaf noocyo kala duwan oo cuntooyin ah kuwaas oo laga soo dheegtay dhadhanka Carabta , Hindida iyo Talyaaniga taas oo si toos ah uga dhalatay taariikhda baaxadda leh ee Soomaaliya ee ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga. Tusaalooyinka cuntooyinka Soomaalida waxaa ka mid ah cunnooyinka sida bariiska iyo baasto , iyo hilibka sida wan , lo'da , iyo digaagga . Xawaashyada udgoonka ah sida cumin , karoomada , iyo kiraanta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo dhadhan kala duwan suxuunta. 
Waxaa barbar socda maraqa , rootiga fidsan , iyo rootiga , cunnada kale ee Soomaalida waa Canjeero /Laxooh , oo ah nooc canjeero khamiir leh oo u eg roodhida fidsan ee laga dhadhamiyo Soomaaliya iyo dalalka deriska ah sida Itoobiya , Eritera iyo Yemen . Additionally, camel meat and milk are considered a delicacy.
Bariiska Soomaaliya oo ah cuntada caadiga ah ee cashada ama qadada , ayaa sida caadiga ah la dhadhamiyey waxaana lagu daraa maaddooyin kala duwan sida hilibka , khudaarta , iyo, si xoogaa gaar ah, sabiib . Maaha wax aan caadi ahayn in saxankan loo soo bandhigo qaab muuqaal ah iyadoo lagu darayo midabyo badan, sababtoo ah qaybo gaar ah ayaa laga yaabaa in si macmal ah loogu dhejiyo hadhka jaalaha ah ama orange-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo saffron iyo dhir kale si kor loogu qaado bilicdeeda
[[File:Djiboutian rice (bariis) and fish (kalluun), Liver (beerka) with vegetable also (Sabaayad) pancakes.jpg|thumb|Bariis Soomaali ah (bariis) iyo kalluun (kalluun), Beerka (biir) khudaar leh sidoo kale (Sabaayad) canjeelo]]
Xiligii gumaystaha talyaanigu waxa si wayn loo qaatay baastada iyo laasgaabka gaar ahaan koonfurta. 
Shaaha iyo kafeega ayaa sidoo kale runtii caan ah. Soomaalida ayaa ka mid ahaa dadkii hore u qaatay cunista kafeega , waxaana ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ay ka mid ahaayeen ganacsatadii ugu horreysay ee dhoofisa digirta Kafeega. Qaxwaha Soomaalida, oo gudaha loo yaqaan ' Qahwo ' iyo shaaha 'Shah', ayaa aad uga dhex muuqda habka diyaarinta, kaas oo ku lug leh xulashada xawaashka kala duwan si kor loogu qaado muuqaalkeeda dhadhanka. 
'Xalwo', oo si dhow ula xiriirta Cumaan ' Xalwaa ', waa daweyn jelly-la mid ah oo siman oo lagu sameeyay xawaash , iniin, laws , iyo sonkor la shiiday . Macmacaankan waxa si caadi ah loogu wada adeegaa &quot; Qahwo &quot;. Cunto ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameedka ah waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ama fooxa ( unsi ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa r loo yaqaan dabqaad .
===Muusiga===
Soomaaliya waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Muusiga Soomaaliyeed waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Aaladaha dhaqameed ee sida weyn looga dhex muuqday fanka Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah oud lute . Inta badan waxaa la socda durbaan yaryar iyo biibiile cawsduur ah oo gadaal ka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama &quot;codadka&quot;)

===Suugaanta===
Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ayaa sanadihii lasoo dhaafay ahaa ilo ay ka soo jeedaan abwaanno, qorayaal iyo hal-abuuro caan ah, kuwaas oo qayb weyn ka qaatay soo saarista iyo qaabaynta hab-raacyada aqoonta iyo dhaqanka Muslimiinta, mana aha oo kaliya Geeska Afrika ee waxa ay gaadheen meelo fog-fog oo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Carabta iyo gobollada kale ee adduunka. Soomaaliya waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa, oo ay ka mid yihiin, qoraaga Kanadiyaan ah iyo aqoonyahanada Margaret Laurence , &quot;Qaranka Abwaanada &quot; iyo &quot;Qaranka Baadiyada &quot;. Sahmiye iyo qoraa Ingiriis oo caan ah Richard Burton ayaa si hufan wax uga qoray Soomaaliya:
Dalku wuxuu la socdaa, 'Abwaanada,  nin kastaa wuxuu leeyahay mawqifkiisa la aqoonsan yahay ee suugaanta sida saxda ah ee loo qeexay sida in dib loo eegay qarniyo joornaal ah - dhegta wanaagsan ee dadkani waxay keenaysaa in ay qaataan raaxada ugu weyn ee dhawaaqyada iswaafaqsan iyo tibaaxaha maansada, halka tiro been ah ama weedh qallafsan ay ku kicinayaan.&quot;

===Casri ah===
[[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Abwaan , faylasuuf iyo hal-abuure, Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame (Hadraawi)]]
Markii la qaatay farta laatiinka sannadkii 1972-kii oo laga dhigay halbeegga alifbeetada qaranka, waxaa kaloo soo saaray qorayaal Soomaali ah oo aad u tiro badan, kuwaas oo qaarkood sumcad weyn ku helay caalamka oo dhan. Qorayaashan casriga ah, Nuruddin Farah waa kan ugu caansan, isagoo helay, abaal-marinno kale, 1998-kii Neustadt ee abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee suugaanta .  Faarax MJ Cawl waa qoraa kale oo caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ku ahaa sheeko-qoraalkiisii ​​xilligii Dervish , Jahligu waa cadowga jacaylka . Waxa kale oo maansada Soomaalidu aad u kobcaysay wakhtigan iyadoo Hadraawi uu sumcad qaran ku helay tiraabtiisa iyo maansadiisa.
===Ciyaaraha===
Kubadda cagta waa ciyaaraha ugu caansan Soomaaliya. Tartamada gudaha ee muhiimka ah ayaa ah horyaalka Soomaaliya iyo koobka Soomaaliya , iyadoo xulka qaranka Soomaaliya uu ciyaaro heer caalami.
Kubadda kolayga ayaa sidoo kale laga ciyaaraa dalka. Horyaalkii FIBA ​​Africa 1981 ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Muqdisho 15 ilaa 23 December 1981, xiligaasi oo xulka qaranka kubada koleyga ay heleen bilada maarta ah. 
Sannadkii 2013-kii, waxaa magaalada Borlänge laga dhisay koox qaran oo ka tirsan kooxaha burcad badeeda Soomaalida . Waxa ay ka qaybgashay tartankii Horyaalka Adduunka ee Bandy 2014.
Dhanka fanka dagaalka waxaa billad qalin ah iyo kaalinta afraad ku qaatay Faysal Jeylaani Aweys iyo Maxamed Deeq Cabdulle oo ka tirsan xulka qaranka Teekwondo-ga , waxayna ku guuleysteen koobka Taekwondo-ga Adduunka ee 2013 ee Tongeren Intaa waxaa dheer, Maxamed Jaamac waxa uu ku guuleystay labada koob ee adduunka iyo Yurub ee K-1 iyo feerka Thai .

===Dhismaha===
[[File:Gondereshe2008.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Gondershe]]
Qaab-dhismeedka Soomaalidu waa dhaqan qani ah oo kala duwan oo xagga injineernimada iyo naqshadeynta ah. Iyadoo la eegayo wakhtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, dhexe iyo kuwii hore ee casriga ahaa ee dalka, waxa kale oo ay soo dhawaynaysaa isku dhafka qaab dhismeedka Somali-Islaamka oo leh nashqado casri ah oo reer galbeed ah.
Soomaalidii hore, dhismooyinka haramka ah ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Taalo waxay ahaayeen qaab caan ah oo lagu aaso, iyadoo boqolaal ka mid ah taallooyinkii dhagaxaanta qallalan ay maanta ku baahsan yihiin dalka. Guryo ayaa laga dhisay dhagxaan lebisan oo la mid ah kuwii Masar hore . Waxa kale oo jira tusaaleyaal barxadaha iyo darbiyada waaweyn ee dhagaxa ah ee lagu soo dejiyey deegaamada, sida darbiga Wargade.
Qaadashada Islaamka ee taariikhda dhexe ee hore ee Soomaaliya waxa ay Islaamku ka keentay Carabta iyo Faaris . Tani waxay kicisay isbeddelka dhismaha ee dhagaxa engegan iyo agabka kale ee la xidhiidha oo loo beddelay dhagaxa kooraska , lebennada qorraxda qallalan , iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee dhagaxa nuuradda ee dhismaha Soomaalida. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah naqshadaha cusub ee naqshadaha, sida masaajidda, ayaa lagu dhisay burburka dhismooyinkii hore, dhaqankaas oo socon doona qarniyada soo socda.

==Sidoo kale eeg==
[[Warbixin Soomaaliya]]
==Taariikh nololeed==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
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{{Refend}}

==Xusuusin==
{{lang-so|Soomaaliya}}
{{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|i|ə|audio=Somalia pronunciation (English).wav}}
'''Soomaali:''' Soomaaliya [soːmaːlija], qoraalka Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; Carabi: الصومال, la turjumay: aṣ-Ṣūmāl  
'''Soomaali rasmi ah:''' Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Carabi: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية

Xuduudka Jabuuti–Soomaaliya waxaa si sharci ah u maamula Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo si caalami ah loo aqoonsan yahay, laakiin dhab ahaan waxaa gacanta ku haya

==Tixraacyo==
{{Reflist}}
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[https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ &quot;Qaramada Midoobay, Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada, Qaybta Dadweynaha (2022). Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |date=20220711213112 }}
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[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april &quot;Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025&quot;]
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*[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf &quot;Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025&quot;]
*[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada ee Qaramada Midoobay]
*[https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx &quot;Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka 2022: Tusiyeyaasha tirakoobka ee gobol, degaan iyo waddan, sannad kasta 1950-2100&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx |date=20230306213755 }}
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=Somali+arab+ties&amp;pg=PA235 &lt;nowiki&gt;Buug-gacmeedka Aagga Soomaaliya: La-qorayaasha: Irving Kaplan [et al.] Cilmi-baadhis iyo qoraal ayaa la dhammaystiray Juun 15, 1969&lt;/nowiki&gt;]
*[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns &quot;Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo is-casilay iyadoo lagu jiro loolan dhanka awoodda ah&quot;]
*[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ Islaam qunyar socod ah ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }}
*[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 &quot;Ciidamada Kenya oo la wareegay saldhigii Al-Shabaab ee Soomaaliya]
*[http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html &quot;Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay oo sheegay in la furayo baarlamaanka cusub ee Soomaaliya &quot;Xilligii Taariikhiga ahaa&quot;]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=hCb6xzeydigC&amp;q=somalia+stillbay+culture&amp;pg=PA201 Dhaqamada Horyaala ee Geeska Afrika: Falanqaynta Casrigii Dhagaxa ee Dhaqanka iyo Cimilada ee Somaliland iyo Qaybaha Bari ee Xabashida]
*[https://archive.org/stream/geographyofherod00whee/geographyofherod00whee_djvu.txt Juqraafiga Herodotus: Waxaa laga soo sawiray Cilmi-baadhisyo Casri ah iyo daahfurkii]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=isaaq+sultanate&amp;pg=PA274 Dabeecadda Is-dilitaanka ee Waddamada Muslinka ah ee u badan: Cudurrada faafa, Waxyaabaha halista ah, iyo Ka-hortagga]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020220/http://togdheernews.com/articles/31/05/2016/taariikhda-saldanada-reer-guuleed-ee-somaliland-abwaanibraahim-rashiid-cismaan-guure-aboor/ &quot;Taariikhda Saldanada Reer Guuleed Ee Somaliland.Abwaan:Ibraahim-rashiid Cismaan Guure (aboor). | Togdheer News Network&quot;]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20210811205734/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/degmada-cusub-ee-dacarta-oo-loogu-wanqalay-munaasibad-kulmisay-madaxda-iyo-haldoorka-somaliland/ &quot;Degmada Cusub Ee Dacarta Oo Loogu Wanqalay Munaasibad Kulmisay Madaxda Iyo Haldoorka Somaliland&quot;]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002022805/https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/10/22/state-sponsored-violence-and-conflict-under-mahamed-siyad-barre-the-emergence-of-path-dependent-patterns-of-violence/ &quot;Rabshadaha iyo colaadaha ay dowladdu soo qabanqaabisay ee Mahamed Siyaad Barre: soo ifbaxa qaabab rabshado ah oo ku tiirsan waddada&quot;]
*[https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604082615/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acb654.html &quot;Somalia: Warbixin ku saabsan qabsashadii magaalada Beled Uen ee United Somali Congress (USC) ee dhamaadkii 1990 ama horraantii 1991 iyo dhibaatadii Daarood ee Beled Uen ee askarta USC&quot;]
*[https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf &quot;Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }}
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&amp;q=harar Cadan oo hoos imanaysa Gumaysiga Ingiriiska, 1839–1967]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022175949/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ &quot;Soomaaliya waxay horay ugu socotaa ciyaaraha Taekwondo-ga aduunka&quot;]
*[http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ &quot;Guul weyn Malta ee K1 Kickboxing&quot;]
*[http://www.cid.harvard.edu/neudc07/docs/neudc07_s1_p02_ahuja.pdf Gudniinka Labka ah iyo AIDS-ka: Saamaynta Dhaqaale-dhaqaale ee Dhibaatada Caafimaadka ee Eric Werker, Amrita Ahuja, iyo Brian Wendell :: NEUDC 2007 Waraaqaha :: Shirarka Horumarinta Jaamacadaha Waqooyi Bari&quot;]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131006071502/http://www.ameinfo.com/176786.html &quot;Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Maal-gashiga Lootah ayaa kala saxiixday heshiisyo istiraatijiyadeed oo ku kacaya 170-Dhs]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928150305/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml &quot;Soomaaliya: Hagaha Doorashada Puntland 2009&quot;]
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html &quot;Iyadoo dhibaatada Soomaaliya ay sii kordhayso, ayay khubaradu u arkaan in ay meesha ka maqan tahay gargaarka&quot;]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410 &quot;Beesha Caalamka Oo Soo Dhaweysay Madaxweynaha Cusub Ee Maamulka Kumeel Gaarka Ah Ee Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya&quot;]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7802622.stm &quot;Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo xilka ka dagay&quot;]
*[http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html &quot;Furitaanka Doodda Shirka Sannadlaha ah ee Sannadlaha, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ku booriyay Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah inay saxafada u sheegaan wax ka qabashada faqriga, argagixisanimada, xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, colaadaha&quot;]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ Dhaxalkii Gumeysiga ee Soomaaliya: Rome iyo Muqdisho: Laga soo bilaabo Maamulkii Gumeysiga ilaa Howlgalkii Rajada soo celinta]
*[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120810180135/http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html &quot;Soomaaliya oo kor u kacaysa labaatan sano oo dagaal sokeeye iyo qalalaase ka socday&quot;]

*
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*
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[https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab &quot;Al-Shabab. Council on Foreign Relations&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }}
*
[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 &quot;Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia. Anadolu Agency&quot;]
*
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 * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh &quot;Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)&quot;]
 * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|page=113}}
 * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 &quot;Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }}
 * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 &quot;Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya&quot;]
 * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 &quot;Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }}
 * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ &quot;How Lasagna Landed in Africa&quot;]
 * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ &quot;Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food&quot;]
 * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ &quot;The History of Coffee&quot;]
 * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&amp;q=harar &quot;Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967&quot;]
 * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ &quot;Qahwe&quot;]
 * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf &quot;Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf&quot;]
 * {{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohammed |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia (Culture and Customs of Africa) |url=https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=2012 |isbn=9780313313332 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri/page/98 98]–99}}
 * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html &quot;1981 African Championship for Men&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }}
 * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ &quot;Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }}
 * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ &quot;Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing&quot;]
 * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia &quot;Somalia - Britannica&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }}
 * [https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ &quot;De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ |date=20221014163003 }}
 * {{cite book |last1=Ker-Lindsay |first1=James |title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-969839-4 |pages=58–59}}
 * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ &quot;Ancient Trade and Society - Lionel Casson&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ |date=20160805112006 }}
 * {{cite book|last1=Suárez|first1=Jorge Alejandro|title=Geopolítica de lo Desconocido|isbn=979-8393720292|page=227}}
 * {{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}}
 * {{cite book|author=Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe|title=The Collapse of the Somali State|year=1996|isbn=1-874209-91-X|pages=34–35}}
 * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&amp;pg=PA84 &quot;Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&amp;pg=PA84 |date=20230207231426 }}
 * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade &quot;Council on Foreign Relations - Somaliland&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080323/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }}
 * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html &quot;Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier - NYT&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html |date=20181128005934 }}
 * [[suspicious link removed] &quot;Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia, US Warlordism &amp; AU Shame&quot;]
 * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213 &quot;The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia's Al-Shabaab&quot;]
 * {{Cite book |title=The Rule Is For None But Allah |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780197690390 |page=111}}
 * [[suspicious link removed] &quot;The Production of Somali Conflict and the Role of Internal and External Actors&quot;]
 * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns &quot;Somali president resigns amid power struggle - The Guardian&quot;]
 * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ &quot;Moderate Islamist picked as Somali president - CNN&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }}
 * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16979440 &quot;Somalia's al-Shabab join al-Qaeda - BBC News&quot;]
 * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 &quot;Somalia conflict: Al-Shabab 'collects more revenue than government'&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 |date=20220928121250 }}
 * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab &quot;Al-Shabab - Council on Foreign Relations&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }}
 * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 &quot;Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia - Anadolu Agency&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 |date=20230930234435 }}
 * [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm &quot;Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm |date=20131007224547 }}
 * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ &quot;Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }}
 * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html &quot;LDCs at a Glance - United Nations&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html |date=20220329160054 }}
 * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ &quot;Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }}
 * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ &quot;Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing&quot;]

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Library resources box}}
* [https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SO Saadaasha Horumarka Muhiimka ah ee Soomaaliya] laga helay [[International Futures]]

=== Dawladda ===
* [https://www.somalia.gov.so Albaabka rasmiga ah ee dowladda] – albaabka u furmaya bogagga dowladda
* [https://villasomalia.gov.so/en Madaxtooyada] {{Wayback|url=https://villasomalia.gov.so/en |date=20250715221010 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha Soomaaliya
* [https://opm.gov.so Ra’iisul Wasaaraha] – bogga rasmiga ah ee ra’iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya
* [https://senate.gov.so Aqalka Sare] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya
* [http://www.parliament.gov.so Baarlamaanka] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya
* [https://nbs.gov.so Xog-ururin] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Xafiiska Qaranka ee Xog-ururinta Soomaaliya

=== Taariikh ===
* [https://www.somalia.gov.so/about-somalia &quot;Taariikh&quot;] – Taariikhda Soomaaliya ee bogga Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya

=== Dalxiis ===
* [https://tourism.gov.so Waaxda Dalxiiska] {{Wayback|url=https://tourism.gov.so/ |date=20230506225038 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Dalxiiska, Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Dhaqanka &amp; Dalxiiska

=== Khariidado ===
* {{Wikiatlas}}
* {{Osmrelation-inline|192799}}
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    <title>Wasaaradda Amniga Gudaha Soomaaliya</title>
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      <text bytes="8227" sha1="rn2mnuxw5r3f8d4zc4ozrun5jzba859" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name     = Ministry of Internal Security
| nativename      = Wasaaradda Amniga
| nativename_r    = 
| logo            = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg
| logo_width      = 150px
| logo_caption    = [[Astaanta Qaranka Soomaaliya]]
| seal            = 
| seal_width      = 
| seal_caption    = 
| picture         = 
| picture_width   = 
| picture_caption = 
| formed          = 2012
| preceding1      = 
| preceding2      = 
| dissolved       = 
| superseding     = 
| jurisdiction    = [[Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya]]
| headquarters    = [[Mogadishu]]
| employees       = 
| budget          = 
| minister1_name  = [[Cabdulahi Sheekh Ismaaciil Fara-Tag]]
| minister1_pfo   = 
| chief1_name     = 
| chief1_position = Wasiirka Amniga Gudaha
| chief2_name     = 
| chief2_position = 
| parent_agency   = [[Golaha Wasiirada Soomaaliya]]
| child1_agency   = 
| child2_agency   = 
| website         = https://mois.gov.so/
}}
'''Wasaaradda Amniga Gudaha''' ee [[Soomaaliya]] ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaarta ilaalinta xasiloonida dalka iyo amniga guud iyadoo la socota hey’adaha sharciga, sida Ciidanka Booliska [[Soomaaliyeed]], Hay’adda Nabad Sugidda iyo Sirdoonka Qaranka (NISA) , Hay’adda Socdaalka &amp; Jinsiyadaha iyo kuwa kale, Wasaaraddu waxay dejineysaa siyaasad amni oo wax looga qabanayo khataraha gudaha ka jira Wasaaraddu waxay maamushaa hawlgallada sirdoonka, isku dubbarida jawaabaha degdegga ah, waxayna kor u qaadaysaa waxtarka shaqaalaha amniga    
Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay kormeertaa socdaalka iyo amniga xuduudaha, nidaaminta gelida iyo bixista si ay u taageerto ujeedooyinka amniga qaranka.
==Ururada==
Doorka Wasiirka Amniga Gudaha: Madaxa wasaaradda, mas'uul ka ah hoggaanka guud, dejinta siyaasadda, iyo jihaynta istiraatiijiyadeed.

Doorka Wasiir Ku-Xigeenka Amniga Gudaha: Wuxuu caawiyaa Wasiirka wuxuuna kormeeraa faylal ama waaxyo gaar ah oo ka tirsan wasaaradda.

Doorka Xoghayaha Joogtada ah : Shaqaale sare oo rayid ah oo ka tirsan wasaaradda, mas'uul ka ah maamulka iyo maareynta hawlgelinta.

Agaasimayaasha Waaxyo gaar ah oo ka tirsan wasaaradda, mid walbana diiradda saaraya meelo gaar ah oo amniga gudaha ah:  

Doorka Hoggaanka Booliska  : Wuxuu kormeeraa Ciidanka Booliska Soomaaliyeed, isagoo hubinaya ilaalinta sharciga iyo nidaamka guud. Qaybaha: Waxaa ku jira qaybo kala duwan sida Baarista Dambiyada, Booliska Taraafikada, Booliska Bulshada, iwm.

Doorka Agaasinka Socdaalka iyo Xakamaynta Xuduudaha  : Waxay maamushaa socdaalka, fiisaha, iyo ilaalinta xuduudaha. Qaybaha: Waxaa ku jira Adeegyada Socdaalka, Ilaalada Xuduudaha, iyo Adeegyada Baasaboorka.

Hoggaanka Hay’adda Sirdoonka iyo Nabadsugidda Qaranka (NISA) : Waxay maamushaa ururinta sirdoonka iyo hawlgallada amniga qaranka. Qaybaha: Waxaa ku jira Falanqaynta Sirdoonka,

Doorka Agaasinka Dabka iyo Gurmadka Degdegga ah: Waxay maamushaa ka-hortagga dabka, dab-demiska, iyo adeegyada gurmadka. Qaybaha: Waxaa ku jira Waaxaha Dab-damiska, Adeegyada Caafimaadka Degdegga ah, Qaybaha Ka-jawaabista Musiibada.

Adeegyada Taageerada Waaxyadani waxay siiyan taageerada maamul iyo saadka ee lagama maarmaanka u ah wasaaradda:  

Doorka Shaqaalaha iyo Maamulka: Wuxuu maareeyaa shaqaaleysiinta, qorista, tababarka, iyo adeegyada maamulka. Qaybaha: Waxaa ku jira Maareynta Shaqaalaha, Tababarka iyo Horumarinta, Adeegyada Maamulka.

Doorka Maaliyadda iyo Wax-soo-iibsiga: Wuxuu kormeeraa miisaaniyadda, maamulka maaliyadda, iyo hababka wax iibsiga. Qaybaha: Waxaa ku jira Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda, Xisaabinta, Adeegyada Soo iibsiga.

Doorka Arrimaha Sharciga: Wuxuu bixiyaa la-talin sharci wuxuuna xaqiijiyaa u hoggaansanaanta shuruucda qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah. Qaybaha: Waxaa ku jira La-taliyayaasha Sharciga, Saraakiisha Hoggaaminta, Falanqeeyayaasha Siyaasadda.

Doorka Tignoolajiyada Macluumaadka: Waxay maamushaa kaabayaasha IT-ga, amniga internetka, iyo nidaamyada macluumaadka. Qaybaha: Waxaa ku jira Taageerada IT-ga, Unugyada Amniga Cyberka, Maareynta Xogta.

Doorka Xafiisyada Gobolada iyo Degmooyinka: Kor u qaadida heerka wasaarada ilaa heer deegaan, hubinta fulinta siyaasadaha iyo isku xirka ciidamada amniga ee heer gobol iyo degmo. Qaybaha: Xarumaha Taliska Gobolka, Xafiisyada Amniga Degmooyinka, Saldhigyada Booliska.

Golayaasha La-talinta iyo Doorka Guddiyada: Bixi talooyin iyo talooyin istaraatiijiyadeed oo ku saabsan dhinacyada kala duwan ee amniga gudaha. Qaybaha: Waxaa ku jira Golaha La-talinta Amniga, Guddiyada, Guddiyada Badbaadada Bulshada.

Qaybaha Gaarka ah iyo Doorka Ciidamada: Wax ka qabashada caqabadaha iyo khataraha amniga ee gaarka ah. Qaybaha: Waxaa ku jira Unugyada Ka-hortagga Maandooriyaha, Kooxaha Jawaab-celinta Degdega ah.

Isku dhafka Wasaaradda Amniga Gudaha (Soomaaliya) ee ATMIS-  ka Doorarka iyo Qodobbada Wada-shaqeynta **

Iskudubarid iyo Iskaashi: Iskudubarid Hawleed: MoIS waxay si dhow ula shaqaysaa ATMIS si loo qorsheeyo oo loo fuliyo hawlgallo amni oo wadajir ah oo lagula dagaalamayo Al-Shabaab iyo kooxaha kale ee nabad-diidka ah. Iswaafajinta Istaraatiijiyadeed: MoIS waxay hubisaa in hawlaha ATMIS ay la socdaan siyaasadaha amniga qaranka iyo mudnaanta.

Wadaagista Sirdoonka: Iskudubaridka Sirdoonka: MoIS waxay la wadaagtaa sirta muhiimka ah iyo macluumaadka ATMIS si kor loogu qaado waxtarka hawlgallada amniga iyo dadaallada ka hortagga argagixisada. Falanqaynta Wadajirka ah: MoIS waxay ka qaybqaadataa falanqaynta sirta ee wadajirka ah iyo qiimeynta khatarta ah si loo ogeysiiyo qorsheynta hawlgalka.

Taageerada Dhaqangelinta Sharciga: Hawlgallada Booliska: MoIS waxay ka taageertaa ATMIS ilaalinta sharciga iyo kala dambeynta meelaha la xoreeyay iyadoo siinaysa ciidamada booliska iyo ka qayb qaadashada hawlgallada sharci fulinta ee wadajirka ah. Bilayska Bulshada: MoIS waxay la shaqeysaa ATMIS si ay u hirgeliso hindiseyaal boolis bulsho oo abuura kalsoonida ciidamada ammaanka iyo bulshada deegaanka.

Xasilinta iyo Maamulka: Dedaalka Xasilinta: MoIS waxay iskaashi la samaysaa ATMIS si ay u xasiliyaan meelaha laga soo kabsaday gacan ku haynta fallaagada, iyadoo la hubinayo soo celinta hay'adaha dawladda iyo adeegyada bulshada. Taageerada Maamulka: MoIS waxa ay gacan ka geysataa samaynta qaabdhismeedka maamulka deegaanka iyo ku dhaqanka sharciga iyada oo la kaashanaysa ATMIS.

Xuquuqda Aadanaha iyo Ilaalinta: Kormeerka Xuquuqda Aadanaha: MoIS waxay la shaqeysaa ATMIS si ay ula socdaan ugana warbixiyaan arrimaha xuquuqul insaanka, hubinta u hoggaansanaanta heerarka caalamiga ah. Ilaalinta Rayidka: MoIS waxay kala shaqeysaa ATMIS si ay u ilaaliso dadka rayidka ah ee ku nool aagagga ay colaaduhu saameeyeen iyo taageeridda dadaallada bani'aadamnimada.

Ka jawaabista qalalaasaha iyo Maareynta Degdegga ah: Jawaabta Degdegga ah: MoIS waxay la shaqeysaa ATMIS wax ka qabashada dhibaatooyinka amniga iyo xaaladaha degdegga ah, oo ay ku jiraan weerarrada argagixisada iyo masiibooyinka dabiiciga ah. Maareynta Musiibooyinka: MoIS waxa ay la shaqeysaa dadaallada wadajirka ah ee ATMIS si ay u bixiyaan adeegyada degdegga ah iyo gargaarka bini'aadantinimo ee dadka ay dhibaatadu saameysey.

Isgaadhsiinta iyo Wacyigelinta Dadweynaha: Wacyigelinta Dadweynaha: MoIS waxay iskaashi la samaysaa ATMIS si ay u qabato ololeyaal wacyigelin dadweyne oo ku saabsan arrimaha ammaanka iyo doorka ciidamada ammaanka.

Ka-qaybgalka Bulshada: MoIS waxay ka hawl-gelisaa bulshooyinka maxalliga ah wadahadal iyo hawlo wacyigelin ah si loo dhiso taageerada dadaallada amniga iyo dadaallada ka-hortagga xagjirnimada. Iyada oo buuxinaysa doorarkan, Wasaaradda Amniga Gudaha (Soomaaliya) waxay xaqiijisaa wada shaqayn hufan oo ay la leedahay ATMIS, iyada oo gacan ka geysanaysa hadafka guud ee xaqiijinta nabadda, xasilloonida, iyo amniga Soomaaliya.
==Sidoo kale eeg==
[[Beeraha Soomaaliya]]
==Tixraac==
[https://police.gov.so/about-us/ &quot;Annaga nagu saabsan&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://police.gov.so/about-us/ |date=20250502205516 }}

[https://immigration.gov.so/about-ica/ &quot;Ku saabsan ICA - Hay'adda Socdaalka iyo Jinsiyadaha&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://immigration.gov.so/about-ica/ |date=20251130063511 }}

[https://www.mois.gov.so/page.php?pid=5 &quot;mois.gov.so] {{Wayback|url=https://www.mois.gov.so/page.php?pid=5 |date=20240627043346 }}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kim Stolz</title>
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      <text bytes="7167" sha1="8mwstkea7vaa3e0brwadflvk9fmm26i" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox model
| name        = Kim Stolz
| image       = Kim Stolz, 2008 (cropped).jpg
| caption     = Stolz ee 2008 Dibadbax loogu talagalay [[Guurka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka | guurka siman]] ee magaalada New York.
| birth_name  = Kimberly Lynn Stolz
| birth_date  = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1983|6|8}}
| birth_place = New York City, U.S.
| alma_mater  = [[Wesleyan University]]
| occupation  = {{hlist|Financial executive|model|author|television personality}}
| spouse      = {{marriage|Lexi Ritsch|2013|2015|end=divorced}}&lt;br /&gt;{{marriage|Cary Gibson|2017|2017|end=divorced}}&lt;br /&gt;{{marriage|Laura Hayward|2020}}
| children    = 2
| height      = {{height|ft=5|in=8}}
| haircolor   = Bunni
| eyecolor    = Cagaar
| agency      = {{ubl|[[Maamulka Elite Model ]]|[[Ford Models]]}}
}}
'''Kimberly Lynn Stolz''' (waxa ay dhashatay Juun 8, 1983) waa moode mood Mareykan ah, shaqsi telefishan, qoraa, iyo fulinta maaliyadeed. Stolz wuxuu ahaa wariye u shaqeeya MTV News , wuxuuna u shaqeeyay jockey muuqaal ah iyo martigeliyaha The Freshmen , bandhig faneedka soo baxaya ee mtvU . Stolz ayaa markii ugu horeysay caan ku noqotay tartanka wareegga 5-aad ee Modelka xiga ee Ameerika , halkaas oo ay noqotay tii sagaalaad ee la tirtiro. Laga bilaabo 2018 , iyadu waa madaxa fulinta ee BofA Securities . 

Bishii Juun 24, 2014, Stolz waxay daabacday buuggeedii ugu horreeyay, Unfriending My Ex: Iyo Waxyaabaha Kale Ee Aan Weligay Samayn Doonin
==Noloshii hore iyo muuqaalka Modelka xiga ee Ameerika==
Stolz wuxuu ku koray dhanka bari ee sare ee magaalada New York wuxuuna dhiganayay Dugsiga Brearley ee Manhattan . Aabaheed waxa uu ka soo shaqeeyay saamile ahaan Goldman Sachs hooyadeedna waxay ahayd supermodel hore oo u qaabeeyay Givenchy iyo Ralph Lauren Sannadkii 2005, waxay shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaadatay jaamacadda Wesleyan ee dawladda iyo siyaasadda dawladdaha dhexe ; waxay qortay cilmi-baaristeeda heerka koowaad ee jaamacadda oo ku saabsan siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka Kadib qalin-jabinta, Stolz wuxuu si kooban uga shaqeeyay shirkad sharciyeed
Deyrtii 2005, Stolz waxay ahayd gabadhii lixaad (ka dib Cassandra Jean , Nik Pace, Kyle Kavanagh, Ashley Black iyo Bre Scullark ) si loo doorto inay ka qaybqaataan wareegga shanaad ee UPN TV-ga dhabta ah ee showga Maraykanka ee Next Top Model . Iyadu waa lesbian dibadda ah, gaar ahaan dhunkashada Sarah Rhoades, oo Stolz ay ka badbaaday muuqaalkeedii ugu horreeyay ee labadeeda hoose Ka dib intii ay joogtey, Stolz waxay heshay laba wicitaan oo hore. Garsoorayaashu waxay meesha ka saareen Stolz siddeedaad (tan iyo markii ay la tartamaysay Cassandra Jean ka baxday tartanka qaybta afraad) gudaha London intii lagu jiray labadeeda muuqaal ee hoose
==Xirfad==
Stolz wuxuu u ahaa jockey muuqaal ah oo loogu talagalay Freshman ee mtvU wuxuuna sidoo kale ahaa weriye MTV News ah . 2008, waxay si weyn uga warbixisay 2008 Iowa Caucus waxayna wareysatay musharaxiinta madaxweynaha John Edwards iyo Mike Huckabee  Stolz sidoo kale wuxuu daba galay xirfad ku saabsan moodaynta moodada; wax yar ka dib markii ay ka soo muuqatay Maraykanka Next Top Model , Stolz waxaa la saxeexday Maareynta Model Elite  ee Magaalada New York ka dibna waxaa loo saxiixay Ford Models ee New York. Stolz ayaa sidoo kale door yar ku lahaa dhacdo ka mid ah taxanaha UPN , Veronica Mars , taas oo qayb ka ah tartanka guusha ee Maraykanka ee Next Top Model  Waxay sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay inay tahay mid ka mid ah moodooyinka ugu sarreeya ee CoverGirl ee waxqabadka .
Stolz waxaa u saxiixay Ford Models . Waxay maqaallo u qortay The Huffington Post .
Sannadkii 2008, Stolz waxaa loo taxaabay mid ka mid ah tartamayaasha xusuusta ugu badan ee Model-ka Ameerika ee AOL Entertainment Canada.
2012, Stolz iyo saaxiibkeed Amanda Leigh Dunn, oo ka soo muuqday TV-ga dhabta ah ee dhabta ah ee The Real L Word , ayaa furay &quot;Dalloway&quot;, makhaayad laba heer ah iyo qolka cocktail ee SoHo, New York City . Waxa la xidhay 2013.
2014, Stolz ayaa daabacday buugga Unfriending My Ex , oo ka hadlaysa sida warbaahinta bulshadu u qaabaysay jiilkeeda. 
Stolz waxaa loo magacaabay agaasimaha maamulka ee Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Madaxa iibka iibka ah ee ra'iisul wasaaraha America, ee 2018.
==Loo qaabeeyey==
*RUEHL No.925 ( Abercrombie &amp; Fitch walaasha sumadda) 

*GO majaladda 

*Warshadaha Brooklyn 

*American Eagle Outfitters dayrta 2006 

*Dharka Dumarka Maalin kasta 

*Knit.1 (arrimo badan), 

*Majaladda daboolka (Abriil 2007)

*Nordstrom  (Noofambar 2006)

*Quruxda 

*Chris Benz Collection ( 
dayrta/jiilaalka 2007) 

*eLuxury.com, 

*American Salon 

*Teen Vogue 

*Majaladda internetka ee Autostraddle
==Muuqaallada telefishinka==

*Qaabka Sare ee Xiga Ameerika, Wareegga 5 iyada lafteedu/tartame

*Freshmen The (MtvU) sida nafteeda

*The Tyra Banks Show (2005) iyada lafteeda

*Veronica Mars sida Stacy, karraaniga baabuurka kirada ee shirkadda Lariant Rental Car, qaybta &quot; Rat Saw God &quot; (qaybta 6, xilli 2, 2005)

*TRL sida nafteeda

*E! Sheekada Hollywood-ka ee runta ah : Modelka Ameerika ee xiga ee ugu sarreeya sida nafteeda

*MTV News sida nafteeda

*Hooyo May I (2008) sida nafteeda

*Michael Jackson Memorial Service (2009) iyada lafteeda

*Abaalmarinta Muusikada Fiidiyowga ee 2009 sida nafteeda

*Sexting in America: Marka Private Go Public (2010) iyada lafteeda
==Tixraac==
[https://www.businessinsider.com/bank-of-america-promoted-kim-stolz-as-its-head-prime-brokerage-sales-2018-3 &quot;Madaxa cusub ee Baanka Ameerika ee dullaalnimada koowaad wuxuu ahaa jilaa, moodeel, qoraa iyo MTV VJ ka hor Wall Street&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20080615151518/http://www.afterellen.com/TV/2005/12/topmodel-kim.html &quot;Wareysi lala yeeshay Modelka Sare Kim Stolz&quot;]

[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-aug-13-ca-mtvu13-story.html &quot;Marka ay timaado muusigga, iyadu ma jirto sawir qaade&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20080205011753/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1580804/20080201/index.jhtml?rsspartner=rssColdFusion &quot;Mike Huckabee wuxuu ku miisaamaa Xuquuqda Gay, Codbixiyayaasha da'da yar...iyo Furitaanka Led Zeppelin?&quot;]

[https://antm411.com/2010/03/09/kim-stolz-black-wig-photos/ &quot;Kim Stolz Portfolio ee Maareynta Modelka Elite&quot;]

[https://web.archive.org/web/20190817221836/https://antm411.com/2010/03/09/kim-stolzs-ford-models-portfolio/ &quot;Kim Stolz Portfolio for Ford Models&quot;]

[https://time.com/2917764/kim-stolz-unfriending-my-ex/ &quot;Dib u eegis: Model Sare ee Alum wuxuu wax ka qabtaa qabatinka iPhone iyo warbaahinta bulshada ee buug cusub&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/2917764/kim-stolz-unfriending-my-ex/ |date=20250522172701 }}

[http://www.autostraddle.com/autofocus-kim-stolz-smiles-with-her-eyes-the-autostraddle-interview/ &quot;Kim Stolz waxay ku dhoola caddahay indhaheeda]{{Reflist}}
==Xiriirinta dibadda==
[https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/kim_stolz/ Kim Stolz] oo jooga Hagaha Model Fashion 

[https://web.archive.org/web/20090102061151/http://www.mtv.com/news/correspondents/stolz/bio.jhtml Kim Stolz] oo jooga MTV

[http://www.fashionwelike.com/my-style-kim-stolz Kim Stolz Wareysi]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chanel Ayan</title>
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      <text bytes="7470" sha1="a6lyqfb76nj5urpxypm92370w3umu90" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox model
| name = Chanel Ayan 
| image = 
| imagesize =
| caption = Ayan Sannadkii 2022
| 
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|6|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Malaba, Kenya]]
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Model
* businesswoman
* television personality
}}
| known_for          = ''[[Dumarkii dhabta ahaa ee Dubai]]''
| years active       = 1996–hadda
| relatives = [[Ubax Xasan]] (ina adeer)
| height = {{height|ft=5|in=10}}
| haircolor = Madow
| eyecolor = Bunni
| nationality = Kenyan
| website =
| spouse = {{marriage|Chris Pillott|1995}}
| agency = 
}}
'''Chanel Ayan''' (oo hore u ahayd Ayan Pillott ; 7 Juun 1978) waa gabadh Kenyan ah , moodel Soomaali ah , gabadh ganacsato ah iyo shakhsi telefishan ah. Waxay la shaqeysay dhowr naqshadeeyayaal sare oo ay ku jiraan Chanel , Tiffany &amp; Co. , Cartier , Valentino iyo Dolce &amp; Gabanna . Iyadu waa aasaasaha Ayan Beauty iyo Ayan Skin, astaanta qurxinta, oo ay weheliso farshaxan-qurxinta Toni Malt. Ayan waxa kale oo ay caan ku tahay jilidda taxanaha dhabta ah ee Bravo The Real Housewives of Dubai , taas oo ay ku biirtay bandhigga xilli ciyaareedkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay.
==Nolosha hore==
Ayan waxay ku dhalatay Malaba , Kenya , oo ah magaalo yar oo ku taal xadka Kenya iyo Uganda. Khamriga aabaheed awgeed, waxaa soo korisay inta badan hooyadeed, iyada oo wax ku baranaysa Kenya iyo Uganda labadaba. Waxay la kortay shan kale oo walaalo ah. Waxay aad isugu dhow yihiin labadooda, Ifraax iyo Sadiiq
Ayan iyo walaasheed Ifraax markay da'doodu ahayd 5 sano jir, waxay la kulmeen gudniin qasab ah iyo gudniinka fircooniga ah iyagoon raalli ka ahayn si ay &quot; bikro ku nagaan ilaa guurka,&quot; dhaqankaas oo ilaa hadda si weyn looga yaqaan meelo ka mid ah Afrika, Aasiya iyo Bariga Dhexe Naafaynta ayaa dhacday markii Ayaan eeddadeed iyo ayeeydeed ay keeneen iyada iyo walaasheed guri, halkaas oo ay ku xidhnaayeen sariir oo lagu guday. 
Iyadoo 14 jir ah, aabaheed ayaa ku guul darreystay inuu isku dayo inuu ka iibiyo guur, si kastaba ha ahaatee, taas waxaa ka hortagay walaasheed.
Ayan waxay isticmaashaa madalkeeda si ay u iftiimiso waxa ay aaminsan tahay in uu yahay &quot;dhaqan xun.&quot; Waxay nafteeda ku tilmaamtay &quot;badbaadiye&quot; kaas oo &quot;dhammaan ahaan loo khiyaameeyey dhaqankeeda
==Xirfad==
Da'da 18, Ayan waxay u guurtay São Paulo, Brazil , si ay u sii wado xirfadda moodeelka. Kadib, wax yar ka dib markii ay u guurtay Magaalada New York, United States oo leh Model Elite , ka dibna ugu dambeyntii u guuray Dubai, United Arab Emirates 2005.
Ayan ayaa qaabeeyay dhowr guri oo moodo ah sida Chanel , Dior , Moschino , Cartier , Dolce &amp; Gabbana , Tiffany &amp; Co. , Valentino , iyo Louis Vuitton  Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay daboolka Forbes , majaladda Elle iyo Harper 's Bazaar . Waxa kale oo ay samaysay taariikh iyada oo noqotay supermodel-kii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee ka muuqda jaldiga joornaalka Dubai Ayan sidoo kale waa &quot;muse&quot; ee Amato Couture, iyadoo lagu labisan yahay dharka loo sameeyay fanaaniinta sida Beyoncé , Lady Gaga iyo Nicki Minaj . 
Sannadkii 2021, waxay noqotay madaxa dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ka duulaan ee Miss Universe UAE .
2022 , Ayan ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inay qayb ka tahay xilli ciyaareedkii ugu horeeyay ee The Real Housewives ee Dubai oo ay weheliso Nina Ali, Caroline Brooks, Dr. Sara Al Madani, Lesa Milan iyo Caroline Stanbury , iyada oo horudhaceeda ay dhacayso Juun 1, 2022
==Filmography==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Sannadka 
! Ciwaanka 
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Xusuusin 
|-
| 2022–2024
| ''[[The Real Housewives of Dubai]]''
| Main cast
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Watch What Happens Live with Andy Cohen|Watch What Happens Live!]]''
| Guest, 4 episodes
|-
| 2023
| ''[[The Real Housewives of New Jersey]]''
| Episode: &quot;Teresa Gets Married&quot;
|-
| 2025
| ''[[The Traitors (American TV series)|The Traitors]]''
| [[The Traitors (American TV series) season 3|Season 3]] contestant
|}
==Nolosha gaarka ah==
Da'da 18, Ayan waxay u guurtay São Paulo, Brazil , si ay u sii wado xirfadda moodeelka. Kadib, wax yar ka dib markii ay u guurtay Magaalada New York, United States oo leh Model Elite , ka dibna ugu dambeyntii u guuray Dubai, United Arab Emirates 2005. 
Ayan ayaa qaabeeyay dhowr guri oo moodo ah sida Chanel , Dior , Moschino , Cartier , Dolce &amp; Gabbana , Tiffany &amp; Co. , Valentino , iyo Louis Vuitton Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay daboolka Forbes , majaladda Elle iyo Harper 's Bazaar . Waxa kale oo ay samaysay taariikh iyada oo noqotay supermodel-kii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee ka muuqda jaldiga joornaalka Dubai Ayan sidoo kale waa &quot;muse&quot; ee Amato Couture, iyadoo lagu labisan yahay dharka loo sameeyay fanaaniinta sida Beyoncé , Lady Gaga iyo Nicki Minaj . 
Sannadkii 2021, waxay noqotay madaxa dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ka duulaan ee Miss Universe UAE . 
2022 , Ayan ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inay qayb ka tahay xilli ciyaareedkii ugu horeeyay ee The Real Housewives ee Dubai oo ay weheliso Nina Ali, Caroline Brooks, Dr. Sara Al Madani, Lesa Milan iyo Caroline Stanbury , iyada oo horudhaceeda ay dhacayso Juun 1, 2022 
==Tixraac==
[https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/pictures/real-housewives-of-dubai-everything-we-know-so-far/is-caroline-stanbury-joining-the-cast/ &quot;'Haweenays guriyeedka dhabta ah ee Dubai': Wax kasta oo lagu ogaanayo Taxanaha 1aad ee Caalamiga ah ee Bravo ee Faransiiska&quot;]

[https://thefamilynation.com/chanel-ayan-family &quot;Dhammaan waxaan ka ognahay RHODubai Xiddiga Chanel Ayan Qoyska&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://thefamilynation.com/chanel-ayan-family |date=20231031145727 }}

[https://www.eonline.com/news/1342388/rhodubais-chanel-ayan-opens-up-about-surviving-forced-genital-mutilation-at-age-5 &quot;RHODubai's Chanel Ayan wuxuu furay wax ku saabsan ka badbaaday gudniinka qasabka ah ee xubinta taranka ee da'da 5&quot;]

[https://people.com/tv/rhodubai-recap-chanel-ayan-reveals-she-was-circumcised-at-age-5/ Xiddiga 'RHODubai' Chanel Ayan oo Ilmeynaysa ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in lagu guday da'da 5: 'Waxaan bilaabayaa inaan bogsado'&quot;]

[https://www.bravotv.com/the-daily-dish/rhodubai-chanel-ayan-discusses-undergoing-forced-genital-mutilation#:~:text=Ayan%20first%20opened%20up%20about,calls%20%E2%80%9Ca%20barbaric%20practice.%E2%80%9D &quot;Chanel Ayan waxay ka tarjumaysaa Dhacdooyinkii naxdinta lahaa ee caruurnimadeeda: &quot;Waxaan ahay Badbaadiye&quot;]

[https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/who-chanel-ayan-rhodubai-meet-first-black-supermodel-feature-dubai-magazine &quot;Waa ayo Chanel Ayan oo ka socda RHODubai? La kulan supermodel-ka ugu horreeya ee madow ee ka muuqda majaladda Dubai&quot;]

[https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/fashion/2021/10/15/miss-universe-uae-audition-glamour-joy-and-heartbreak/ &quot;Miss Universe Imaaraatka maqalka: soo jiidasho, farxad iyo qalbi jab&quot;]

[https://tvdeets.com/real-housewives-of-dubai-cast-revealed-meet-the-rumoured-housewives/ Jilidda 'Haweensyada Guryaha Dhabta Ah Ee Dubai' Oo La Daaha Ka Qaaday: La Kulmo Naagaha Guryaha La Sheegay&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://tvdeets.com/real-housewives-of-dubai-cast-revealed-meet-the-rumoured-housewives/ |date=20251127023311 }}

[https://people.com/rhony-ubah-hassan-reveals-advice-from-cousin-rhodubai-star-chanel-ayan-exclusive-7561468 &quot;Ubax Xasan oo ah RHONY waxay daaha ka qaaday talo ay ka heshay ina-adeer iyo 'RHODubai' oo ah haweeney guriyeed Chanel Ayan (Gaar ah)&quot;]{{Reflist}}
==Xiriirinta dibadda==
[[imdbname:13467093|Chanel Ayan]] iyo [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]]

[https://www.instagram.com/chanelayan/ Chanel Ayan ayaa] ku jira [[Inistigaram|Instagram]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ian Bousfield</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="5102" sha1="ktogk42qw60txesgpgxtwx2oao1tiv0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist &lt;!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --&gt;
| name            = Ian Bousfield
| image           = Ian Bousfield.jpg
| caption         = Ian Bousfield Sannadkii 2012
| background      = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name      = 
| birth_date      = {{birth date and age|df=y|1964|2|16}}
| birth_place     = [[York]], England
| instrument      = [[Trombone]]
| genre           = Faneed dhaqameed
| occupation      = 
| years_active    = 
| label           = 
| associated_acts = 
| website         = {{URL|www.ianbousfield.com/}}
}}
'''Ian Bousfield''' (dhashay 16 Febraayo 1964, York, Ingiriiska) waa muusikiiste Ingiriis ah oo qabtay xilalka Trombone-ka Madaxweynenimo ee Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, iyo Hallé Orchestra. Sidoo kale waa macallin muusik, wuxuuna ka shaqeeyaa waaxda muusikada ee Hochschule der Künste ee Bern, Switzerland.
==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada==
Bousfield wuxuu ku dhashay York, England, wuxuuna bilaabay ciyaarta trombone markuu jiray todobo sano, oo uu baray aabihiis. Wuxuu noqday maamulaha guud ee Kooxda Dhallinta Qaranka ee Brass da'da 13, iyo afar sano, maamule ka tirsan kooxda Yorkshire Imperial Band , mudadaas oo ay ku guuleysteen horyaalada Ingiriiska, Qaranka iyo Yorkshire.

1979, Bousfield wuxuu noqday ku guulaystaha ugu da'da yar abid ee Shell/London Symphony Orchestra Music Scholarship.
==Ciyaarta Orchestral==
1980kii Bousfield waxa uu ku biiray kooxda Orchestra Youth ee Midowga Yurub halkaas oo uu laba sano ku qaatay Claudio Abbado . Waxa uu lix bilood oo keliya wax ka baranayey Dugsiga Muusiga iyo Riwaayadaha ee Guildhall ka hor inta aan loo magacaabin Maamulaha Trombone ee Hallé Orchestra bishii Maarso 1983.

1988kii isagoo 24 jir ah, Bousfield waxaa loo magacaabay maamulaha trombonist ee Orchestra Symphony London , isagoo xilka kala wareegaya mujaahid Denis Wick . Waqtigaas, Denis Wick wuxuu yiri, &quot;waa ciyaaryahan aad u guuleystey iyo waxa uu ku gaaban yahay habka waayo-aragnimada, haddii uu yahay, wuu dhalaalayaa oo ku filan inuu si degdeg ah isugu keeno.
1999-kii wuxuu ku guuleystey imtixaan loogu talagalay booska trombone ee maamulaha Vienna State Opera / Vienna Philharmonic , halkaas oo uu ku soo bandhigay ilaa uu ka tagayo 2012 si uu waqti badan u geliyo waxbarashadiisa iyo xirfadiisa kali.
==Waxbarid==
Bousfield waxaa loo magacaabay borofisar ku takhasusay trombone ee Royal Academy of Music 1992, waxaana tan iyo markaas la siiyay Xubin Sharafeed. 2011, wuxuu bilaabay inuu wax ka dhigo Hochschule der Künste ee Bern, Switzerland. 
Buugiisa Unlocking The Trombone Code , kaas oo qeexaya fikradaha barbaarinta Bousfield iyo hababka, ayaa waxaa daabacay Warwick Music.
==Bandhigyada Solo==
1984kii Bousfield waxa uu sameeyay riwaayadii trombone ee Elgar Howarth oo uu la socday kooxda Yorkshire Imperial Band si loogu sii daayo BBC Radio 3 . 1985-kiina wuxuu ciyaaray bandhiggii ugu horreeyay ee Ingiriis ee Gunther Schuller 's trombone concerto, Eine kleine Posaunenmusik , oo uu la socday Halle Orchestra oo uu sameeyay halabuuruhu.

Bishii Maarso 2007 Bousfield wuxuu bixiyay bandhiga Stargazer , riwaayad loogu talagalay trombone iyo orchestra oo uu sameeyay laxamiistaha British Jonathan Dove , oo ay la socdaan Orchestra Symphony London oo uu sameeyay Michael Tilson Thomas . 
Sebtembar 2008, Bousfield wuxuu bixiyay bandhigyo dhowr ah oo Nino Rota 's Trombone Concerto ah oo uu la socday Vienna Philharmonic, oo uu sameeyay Riccardo Muti , Vienna , Tokyo, iyo Lucerne . 
==Tixraac==
[https://web.archive.org/web/20171113132116/http://www.ram.ac.uk/about-us/staff/ian-bousfield &quot;Shaqaalaha - Ian Bousfield - Royal Academy of Music&quot;]

[http://www.warwickmusic.com/Main-Catalogue/CDs-Books/Bousfield-Unlocking-The-Trombone-Code-BK018 &quot;Bousfield: Furitaanka Koodhka Trombone - Muusiga Warwick&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.warwickmusic.com/Main-Catalogue/CDs-Books/Bousfield-Unlocking-The-Trombone-Code-BK018 |date=20180116035328 }}

[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/classicalmusic/3663744/From-twinkling-night-skies-to-tired-wind.html &quot;Laga soo bilaabo cirrada habeenkii liliglaysay ilaa dabayl daalan&quot;]

[http://www.britishtrombonesociety.org/news/bousfield-impresses-with-rota/ &quot;Bousfield waxay la dhacsan tahay Rota&quot;]

[http://www.ianbousfield.com/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Ian Bousfield]

[http://www.lso.co.uk/ London Symphony Orchestra]

[http://www.thebrassherald.com/ Brass Herald]

[http://www.trombone-society.org.uk/ British Trombone Society]

[http://www.yorkshireimps.co.uk/ Yorkshire Imperial Band]

[http://www.islandtrombone.com/discintr.html Sawir qaadista CD-yada Trombone Classical]

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
[http://www.ianbousfield.com/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Ian Bousfield]

[http://www.wienerphilharmoniker.at/ Vienna Philharmonic]

[http://www.lso.co.uk/ London Symphony Orchestra]

[http://www.thebrassherald.com/ Brass Herald]

[http://www.trombone-society.org.uk/ British Trombone Society]

[http://www.yorkshireimps.co.uk/ Yorkshire Imperial Band]

[http://www.islandtrombone.com/discintr.html Sawir qaadista CD-yada Trombone Classical]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Joseph Alessi</title>
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      <text bytes="4806" sha1="99cc9qnjfgi0zmakwfkl1g3wot0sxm5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist &lt;!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --&gt;
| name             = Joseph Alessi
| image            = Joe Alessi.jpg
| background       = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name       = Joseph Norman Alessi
| birth_date       = {{birth date and age|1959|9|20}}
| birth_place      = [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], U.S.
| genre            = [[Muusikada Faneed dhaqameed|Faneed dhaqameed]], [[Jazz]]
| occupation       = Muusikiiste
| instrument       = Trombone
| years_active     = 1976–hada
| current_member_of  = [[New York Philharmonic]]
| website          = {{URL|josephalessi.com}}
}}
'''Joseph Norman Alessi''' (wuxuu dhashay Sebtember 20, 1959) waa trombonist -yaqaan Mareykan ah oo la socda Philharmonic New York
==Nolosha==
Joseph Norman Alessi wuxuu ku dhashay Detroit, Michigan wuxuuna ku qaatay dugsiga sare ee San Rafael, California . Aabihii, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Joseph Alessi, wuxuu ahaa cayaaryahan buun buuniyaha ah , hooyadiis, Maria (née Leone) waxay ku heesi jirtay chorus Metropolitan Opera . Walaalkiis ka yar Ralph Alessi waa trumpeter jazz . Isagoo muujinaya karti la taaban karo ilaa da'dii hore, Alessi wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay horaantii dugsiga sare isagoo da'diisu tahay 16 wuxuuna si guul leh u tijaabiyay inuu ku biiro San Francisco Ballet Orchestra. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan waxa uu u muuqday sida soloist la San Francisco Symphony . 1976-77, ka dib markii la soo bandhigay imtixaan hore oo aan lagu guulaysan, Alessi wuxuu helay gelitaanka Curtis Institute of Music ee Philadelphia , halkaas oo uu wax ku bartay ilaa 1980. 
==Xirfad==
Intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​saddexaad ee Curtis, Alessi wuxuu ku biiray kooxda Orchestra ee Philadelphia sida ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee Labaad ee Trombone; Markii dambe wuxuu ku guuleystay shaqada si joogto ah wuxuuna la shaqeeyay orkestra muddo afar xilli ah. Hal xilli ka dib isagoo Maamule Trombone ka ahaa Montreal Symphony Orchestra , Alessi wuxuu ku biiray New York Philharmonic isagoo ah Maamulaha Trombone Gu'gii 1985.
Alessi waxa uu kaligiis la saftay New York Philharmonic 1990 markii uu sameeyay Fantasy for Trombone ee Paul Creston . 1992, wuxuu la ciyaaray New York Philharmonic ee bandhiga aduunka ee Trombone Concerto ee Christopher Rouse , kaas oo markii dambe helay 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Music . Alessi tan iyo markaas waxa ay horumarisay xirfad kalinimo firfircoon oo sii kordheysa, iyada oo ka shaqaynaysa Maraykanka oo dhan iyo caalamkaba. Sawir qaadashadiisu waxa ay ka kooban tahay in ka badan 14 albam oo dhererkoodu dhan yahay, marka lagu daro muuqalada martida ee albamka ee fanaaniinta kale. The New York Philharmonic ayaa siidaayay cajaladaha Concerto Rouse iyo Colorado Symphony , oo muujinaya Alessi inuu yahay soloist. Duubistiisii ​​1999-kii ee Xiddiga-Child , ee George Crumb , ayaa loogu codeeyay curinta casriga casriga ah ee ugu wanaagsan 43-aad ee Grammy Awards ee 2001.

Alessi waxa uu ku biiray kulliyadda Juilliard School 1986, wax yar ka dib markii uu ku biiray Philharmonic New York. Istuudiyaha Juilliard trombone ayaa tan iyo markaas sii kordhiyey sumcadiisa caalamiga ah mid ka mid ah barnaamijyada kuliyada trombone ee ugu tusaalaha badan, iyo Juilliard Trombone Choir wuxuu si joogto ah ula qabtay Alessi mashruucyadiisa duubista. Ilaa 1999 Alessi waxa uu qabtay Seminar Alessi ; aqoon-is-weydaarsiga trombone-ka ee labadii sanaba mar soo jiita trombonists adduunka oo dhan si ay waqti kula qaataan casharrada, fasallada master-ka, iyo akhrinta.  Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ardaydiisii ​​hore ayaa hadda jagooyin sare ka haya hobolada waaweyn ee adduunka oo dhan.

Iyadoo la aqoonsanayo wax-qabadka baaxadda leh ee Alessi uu u fidiyay bulshada trombone, waxaa la guddoonsiiyay Abaalmarinta 2002 ITA Award , abaalmarinta ugu sharafta badan ee ay bixiso Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Trombone .
==Habka ciyaarta==
Ciyaarta Joseph Alessi waxaa inta badan lagu xusaa fannaanka la safeeyey, tayada codka aan caadiga ahayn ee hodanka ah iyo xakameyn farsamo oo dhameystiran. Muusiga uu doorto inuu ciyaaro ayaa u badan muusik jaceyl, qadiimi ah, iyo muusig casri ah (laakiin badiyaa tonal), isagoo marmar ku daraya ciyaarista jazz.
==Tixraac==
[http://www.classicalarchives.com/artist/6204.html#tv=about Joseph Alessi - Kaydka qadiimiga ah]

[http://www.goldstar.com/events/santa-clara-ca/trombone-master-class-with-joseph-alessi-of-the-new-york-philharmonic.html Trombone Master Class iyo Joseph Alessi oo ka tirsan Philharmonic New York | Goldstar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.goldstar.com/events/santa-clara-ca/trombone-master-class-with-joseph-alessi-of-the-new-york-philharmonic.html |date=20160305210644 }}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
[https://www.slidearea.com/ Mareegta rasmiga ah]

[http://www.islandtrombone.com/discintr.html Sawir qaadista CD-yada Trombone Classical]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ibraahim Cabdullaahi Danbaba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3753" sha1="1z6byklg2scjz1mpyhmgvokb4l0lpma" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name             = Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba
| honorific-prefix = 
| honorific-suffix = 
| image            = 
| imagesize        = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = 
| office           = [[Aqalka Senate-ka Nayjeeriya|Senator]] u matalaya [[Koonfurta Sokoto]]
| term_start       = 9 June 2015
| term_end         = 
| predecessor      = 
| successor        = 
| birth_date       = {{birth date and age|1953|01|01|df=y}}
| birth_place      = [[Sabon Birni]], [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]], [[Colonial Nigeria|British Nigeria]] (now in [[Sokoto State]], Nigeria)
| death_date       = 
| death_place      = 
| party            = [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadweynaha (Nayjeeriya)|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadweynaha]]
| nationality      = [[Nigerian]]
| occupation       = {{hlist|Politician|accountant}}
| parents          = 
| spouse           = 
| children         = 
| relatives        = 
| alma_mater       = [[Jaamacadda Sokoto]]
| website          = 
}}
'''Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba''' (wuxuu dhashay 1 Janaayo 1953) waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah iyo xisaabiye, Waa Senatar ka wakiil ah Koonfur-Senatar ee Degmada Sokoto ee Golaha Qaranka 9aad .
==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada==
Danbaba waxa uu ku dhashay degmada Sabon Birni ee Gobolka Sokoto, waxa uu ka baxay Dugsiga Sare ee Gusan, halkaas oo uu ka qaatay Shahaadada Dugsiga Galbeedka Afrika (WAEC) sannadkii 1979kii, waxa uu u sii gudbay Kulliyada Advance Teachers College, Sokoto halkaas oo lagu guddoonsiiyey Shahaadada NCE 1976-kii, waxa uu Jaamacadda Sokoto ka bartay Maamulka iyo Maaraynta, waxa aanu ka qalin jabiyay 1981-kii. 1989
==Xirfad siyaasadeed==
Danbaba waxa uu ahaa gudoomiye ku xigeenkii Gobolka Sokoto 1999kii ilaa 2003dii February 23, 2019 Shehu Tambuwal ayaa loo doortay senatar ka wakiil ah degmada Sokokto ee koonfurta isagoo helay 134,204 cod halka Danbaba uu helay 112,546 cod. Bishii Nofembar, 2019, Maxkamadda Racfaanka Sokoto waxay dib ugu celisay Senator Ibrahim Danbaba inuu noqdo Senator Golaha Shacbiga iyadoo Senator Shehu Tambuwal laga xayuubiyay xafiiska ka dib markii ay laashay xukun/kala dirid codsigii Maxkamadda Codsiga Doorashada.
==Tixraac==
[https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/19/sokoto-south-senate-president-swears-in-pdps-abdullahi-danbaba/ &quot;Koonfurta Sool: Madaxweynaha Senatka Oo Ku Dhaariyay Xisbiga PDP Abdullahi Danbaba&quot;]

[https://www.nassnig.org/news/item/1226 &quot;Golaha Qaranka | Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Nigeria&quot;]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[http://www.politiciansdata.com/content/abdullahi-danbaba-ibrahim/ &quot;Abdulahi Danbaba Ibrahim Taariikh Nololeedkii Iyo Xog-Faahsan&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.politiciansdata.com/content/abdullahi-danbaba-ibrahim/ |date=20251110010722 }}

[http://www.politiciansdata.com/content/abdullahi-danbaba-ibrahim/ &quot;Abdulahi Danbaba Ibrahim Taariikh Nololeedkii Iyo Xog-Faahsan&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.politiciansdata.com/content/abdullahi-danbaba-ibrahim/ |date=20251110010722 }}

[https://www.inecnigeria.org/2019-senatorial-district-elections-result/ &quot;NATIIJADA DOORASHOOYINKA GOBOLKA SANAATUURKA EE 2019 - INEC Nigeria&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/2019-senatorial-district-elections-result/ |date=20250215175058 }}

[https://tribuneonlineng.com/appeal-court-verdict-tambuwal-dedicates-pdps-victory-to-god/ &quot;Xukunka Maxkamadda Racfaanka: Tambuwal wuxuu u hibeeyey guusha PDP Ilaahey]

[https://www.today.ng/topic/abdullahi-danbaba &quot;Abdullahi Danbaba news - wararkii ugu dambeeyay iyo wararka ugu waaweyn&quot;]

[https://dailypost.ng/2019/11/19/abdullahi-danbaba-sworn-in-as-senator-representing-sokoto-south/ &quot;Cabdullaahi Danbaba waxaa loo dhaariyey inuu noqdo Senator u matalaya Koonfurta Sokoto&quot;]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Musa Fagen-Gawo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1495" sha1="81vuxuark0yf9p3q9nbxojnz7fai009" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name               = Musa Muhammad Fagen-Gawo
| birth_place        = [[Jigawa State]], [[Nigeria]]
| nationality        = Nigerian
| occupation         = Siyaasi 
| office             = Xubin ka tirsan [[Aqalka Wakiillada (Nayjeeriya)|Aqalka Wakiillada]]
| constituency       = [[Babura]]/[[Garki, Jigawa|Garki]] Federal Constituency
| term_start         = 2020
| party              = [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadweynaha (Nayjeeriya)|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadweynaha]]
}}
'''Musa Muhammad Fagen-Gawo''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah oo ka soo jeeda Gobolka Jigawa . Waxa uu noqday xubin ka wakiil ah degaanka Babura/Garki ee Aqalka Wakiilada . Waxa uu ku guuleystey doorashooyinkii bye-2020, isaga oo bedelay aabihiis oo geeriyooday Waxa uu ka goostay xisbiga All Progressives Congress (APC) kuna biiray xisbiga Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) ka dib khilaafyo kala duwan.
==Tixraac==
[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/381953-apc-wins-jigawa-bye-election.html https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/381953-apc-guuleystay-jigawa-bye-election.html]

[https://www.channelstv.com/2020/03/15/apc-wins-jigawa-state-bye-election/amp/ &quot;APC Ayaa Ku Guuleysatey Doorashadii Bye-Ka Ee Gobolka Jigawa&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2020/03/15/apc-wins-jigawa-state-bye-election/amp/ |date=20250106130129 }}

[https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/22/2023-reps-member-dumps-apc-for-pdp-in-jigawa/ &quot;2023: Xubin ka tirsan xildhibaanada ayaa APC u tuuray PDP ee Jigawa]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bede Eke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3920" sha1="gn3gb2lcvia4299kiszgrw1iesg7ep9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Hon. Bede Uchenna Eke
| image               = 
| caption             = 
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1972|03|17|df=y}}
| birth_place         = 
| residence           = 
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| office              = Xubin ka tirsan [[Aqalka Wakiillada (Nayjeeriya)|Aqalka Wakiillada]]
| term_start          = June 2015
| term_end            = 
| predecessor         = [[Emeka Ihedioha]]
| successor           = 
| constituency        = [[Aboh Mbaise]]/[[Ngor Okpala]]
| office2             = 
| term_start2         = 
| term_end2           = 
| predecessor2        = 
| successor2          = 
| constituency2       = 
| office3             = 
| term_start3         = 
| term_end3           = 
| predecessor3        = 
| successor3          = 
| constituency3       = 
| party               = [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadka (Nayjeeriya) | Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadka]]
| alma_mater          = [[Jaamacada Imo State ]]
| occupation          = Siyaasi 
| majority            = 
| spouse              = 
| children            = 
| website             = 
| footnotes           = 
| succeeded           = [[Albert Chibuzo Agulanna]]
}}
'''Bede Uchenna Eke''' (wuxuu ku dhashay 1972 ee Nguru Umuaro, Ngor Okpala Local Government Area ee Imo State , Nigeria ) waa siyaasi iyo xildhibaan ka tirsan Golaha Wakiilada ee Golaha Qaranka , oo matalaya Aboh Mbaise / Ngor Okpala Constituency Federal. Waxaa xilka kala wareegay Albert Chibuzo Agulanna
==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada==
Sannadkii 1985-kii, Mudane. Bede Eke waxa uu waxbarashadiisa ka bilaabay Dugsiga Hoose Dhexe ee Beesha Umuaro, waxa uuna ku qalin jabiyay Shahaado Dugsiyeedka Koowaad. Waxa uu galay Nguru Umuaro Community College oo waxa uu helay Golaha Imtixaanaadka Galbeedka Afrika 1991. Waxa uu galay Jaamacadda Imo State oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda.
==Xirfad siyaasadeed==
2015, Eke waxaa lagu doortay madal Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadka (PDP) doorashadii guud ee Nigeria 2015 si uu u matalo Aboh Mbaise / Ngor Okpala Constituency ee Golaha Wakiilada (Nigeria) . 2019, waxaa dib u doortay dadka Aboh Mbaise/Ngor Okpala mar labaad
Sannadkii 2009, wax aan ka yarayn toban arday oo danyar ah oo ka qalin jabiyay Ngor-Okpala ayaa bilaabay inay wax ka bartaan machadyo jaamacadeed oo kala duwan oo Nigeria ku yaal iyada oo la tixgalinayo barnaamijkiisa deeqda waxbarasho.
2017, Eke waxa uu soo jeediyay ciqaab adag oo ka dhan ah jebinta Xeerka Xuquuqda daabacaadda Waxa kale oo uu soo jeediyay abuurista sharci u diidaya dadka reer Nigeria ee ka weyn 70 inay u tartamaan doorashada madaxweynaha. 
==Nolosha gaarka ah==
Eke si farxad leh ayuu guursaday oo wuxuu u duceeyay carruur.
==Tixraac==
[https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/14 &quot;Golaha Qaranka | Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Nigeria&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/14 |date=20201201170711 }}

[https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/see-full-list-as-pdp-apc-aa-share-house-of-representatives-seats-in-imo.html &quot;Eeg liiska buuxa sida PDP, APC, AA wadaaga kuraasta Golaha Wakiilada ee Imo&quot;]

[https://dailypost.ng/2019/02/17/nigeria-decides-federal-lawmaker-bede-eke-slams-inec-postponement-says-pdp-poised-send-buhari-daura/ &quot;Nigeria ayaa go'aansatay: Xildhibaanka federaalka, Bede Eke ayaa ku dhaleeceeyay INEC dib u dhigista, wuxuu yiri PDP waxay diyaar u tahay inay Buhari u dirto Daura&quot;]

[https://tribuneonlineng.com/2023-allow-igbo-presidency-to-stop-agitation-for-biafra-republic-%e2%80%95-rep-member/ &quot;2023: U ogolow Madaxweynaha Igbo inuu joojiyo kacdoonka Jamhuuriyadda Biafra - Xubinta Rep&quot;]

[https://theeagleonline.com.ng/piracy-bill-proposing-stiffer-penalty-passes-second-reading/ &quot;Burcad-badeed: Bill soo jeedinta ciqaab adag ayaa maraysa akhrin labaad&quot;]

[https://punchng.com/presidency-rep-seeks-ban-of-septuagenarians/ &quot;Madaxtooyada: Rep wuxuu doonayaa mamnuucida septuagenarians&quot;]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Razaq Olatunde Rom Kalilu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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| name                = Razaq Olatunde Rom Kalilu.
| office              = Ku-simaha Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka
| succeeding          = 
| country             = [[Nigeria]]
| termstart           = 
| birth_date          =
|term_start= 2023
|term_end=  
| birth_place         =
|predecessor=  [[Mojeed Olaide Liasu]] 
| citizenship         = [[Nigeria]]
| alma_mater          = [[Jaamacadda Ibadan]]
| occupation          = {{ubl| 
[[Shaqaale tacliimeed|Aqoonyahan]]
|}}
| profession          = [[Artist]],&lt;br&gt; [[Art Historian]]
| honorific_prefix    = Professor
| education           = Jaamacadda Ife, Jaamacadda Ibadan
}}
'''Razaq Olatunde Rom Kalilu''' waa borofisar fanka iyo taariikhda kuliyada cilmiga deegaanka, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , Ogbomoso Waa ku-simaha guddoomiye ku xigeenka Jaamacadda Ladoke Akintola ee Teknolojiyadda loo yaqaan (LAUTECH), taasoo ku taal Ogbomoso , Gobolka Oyo. 
==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada==
Waa alumnus Jaamacadda Ife (oo hadda loo yaqaan Obafemi Awolowo University) iyo Jaamacadda Ibadan Waxa uu shahaadada PhD ka qaatay Jaamacadda Ibadan (1992)
==Xirfad==
Technology Sebtembar 1, 1992. Magacaabistiisa bare-sare ee Taariikhda Fanka iyo Farshaxanka waxa ay ahayd Oktoobar 1, 1999. Waxa loo magacaabay ku simaha guddoomiye ku xigeenka June 12 , 2023 
==Xubinimada iyo wehelnimada==
Xubin ka tirsan Bulshada Fanaaniinta Nigeria
Xubin ka ah Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Fanaaniinta Xidigaha . 
==Guulihii==
*Waxa uu hormuud ka ahaa horumarinta barnaamijka shahaadada koowaad ee Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) ee Farshaxanka Fine iyo Applied kaas oo lagu aasaasay Nigeria 1992.

*Manhajka bilowga ah ee Nigeria ee dibloomada postgraduate, master's, iyo Doctor of Philosophy ee fanka istuudiyaha. 
==Abaalmarinada==
*Sannadkii 1979-kii, wuxuu ku guuleystay billadda Dahabka ah ee Tartanka Rinjiyeynta Afrika oo dhan.

*1997 waxa la siiyay Abaalmarinta Wizardry Farshaxanka Qaranka 

*Waxa lagu abaalmariyay Biladda Guusha Wanaagsan ee Dadka Qarnigii 20aad ee sanadka 2000.
==Tixraac==
[https://lawfirms.lawnigeria.com/2020/07/09/environmental-policy-and-projects-experts-in-nigeria/ &quot;Siyaasadda culuumta deegaanka iyo khubarada mashaariicda ee NIGERIA&quot;]

[https://independent.ng/lautech-appoints-prof-kalilu-as-acting-vice-chancellor/ &quot;LAUTECH waxay Prof Kalilu u magacaabeen ku simaha gudoomiye ku xigeenka&quot;]

[https://ogbomosoinsightonline.com.ng/2023/06/09/breaking-lautech-gets-new-acting-vc-rom-kalilu-hes-first-ogbomoso-person-to-hold-the-post/ &quot;BREAKING: LauTECH wuxuu helay ku simaha VC cusub, Rom Kalilu, waa qofkii ugu horeeyey ee Ogbomoso ah ee qabta jagada - Ogbomoso Insight] {{Wayback|url=https://ogbomosoinsightonline.com.ng/2023/06/09/breaking-lautech-gets-new-acting-vc-rom-kalilu-hes-first-ogbomoso-person-to-hold-the-post/ |date=20250521235314 }}

[https://ogbomosoinsightonline.com.ng/2023/12/02/lautech-kalilus-tenure-as-acting-vc-extended/ &quot;LAUTECH: Kalilu muddadiisa Ku-simaha VC waa la kordhiyey - Ogbomoso Insight&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://ogbomosoinsightonline.com.ng/2023/12/02/lautech-kalilus-tenure-as-acting-vc-extended/ |date=20250804152615 }}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20231208093336/https://jambadmission.com.ng/lecturers-lautech-shun-asuu-directivedirect-staffstudents-resume-immediately/ &quot;Prof Razaq Olatunde Rom Kalilu waxaa loo magacaabay LAUTECH Ku simaha VC&quot;]

[https://nationalinsightnews.com/lautech-appoints-professor-kalilu-as-acting-vice-chancellor/ &quot;LAUTECH waxay u magacawday Professor Kalilu inuu noqdo Ku-simaha Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka&quot;]

[https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3951347 &quot;Qodobka Foomamka Guriga ee Tayada Deegaanka Gudaha ee Guryaha ee Magaalooyinka la soo xulay ee Gobolka Oyo, Nigeria&quot;]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nicholas Hlobo</title>
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      <text bytes="2516" sha1="pi3ggbbommmucv81cbgdza8hf8slgg0" xml:space="preserve">'''Nicholas Hlobo''' waa fanaan reer Koonfur Afrika ah oo fadhigiisu yahay Johannesburg , Koonfur Afrika . Wuxuu ku dhashay 1975 magaalada Cape Town . Waxa uu Bachelor of Technology ka qaatay Technikon Witwatersrand 2002 Waxa uu abuuraa farshaxanno waaweyn oo qaabaysan. Shaqadiisa, wuxuu ku dhex maraa aqoonsigiisa inuu yahay nin Xhosa ah oo jooga Koonfur Afrika, isagoo dib u qiimeynaya qeexitaannada ragganimada iyo jinsiga ee waddankiisa Farqiga u dhexeeya dheddigga iyo raganimada waxaa abuuray isticmaalka walxaha sida tuubooyinka gudaha ee caagga ah, ribbon, organza, xargaha, iyo walxaha la helay. Hlobo waxa uu jarjaraa oo uu tolaa shay si uu astaan ​​u noqdo fikradda bogsashada ee ka imanaysa jeexjeexa ka dib si uu u muujiyo xiisaha uu u qabo taariikhda gumeysiga ee Koonfur Afrika iyo sidoo kale hababka qarsoon iyo hababka qarsoon ee gumeysigu u dhaco nolosha casriga ah. 
==Nolosha hore==
Nicholas Hlobo wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada Cape Town ee dalka Koonfur Afrika, wuxuuna ku koray magaalada Dutywa ee gobolka Eastern Cape, gobolkaas oo horay loogu yiqiin Transkei xilligii midab-takoorka ee Koonfur Afrika. Waxaa kor u qaaday ayeeyadiis hooyadeed, Hlobo waxay xasuusataa inay adag tahay, haddana isha laga helayo qiyamka jacaylka iyo xigmadda badan. Inkasta oo ay dhaaftay 1985-kii, &quot;caasigu, iyo inta badan laga yaabo inuu yahay dumar&quot;, Erayada Hlobo, ayaa sii waday inay saameyn ku yeeshaan isaga, isaga oo ku dhejinaya inuu naftiisa had iyo jeer la joogo. Markii uu ahaa nin ku dhashay dhaqanka Zuluga ee gumeysiga, Hlobo labadaba waxaa lagu baabtiisay kaniisad Masiixi ah isagoo ilmo yar ah, wuxuuna sameeyay imbeleko dhaqanka Xhosa kaasoo soo bandhigaya ragga Xhosa ee da'da yar ee boqortooyada ruuxiga ah. Farshaxanistaha ayaa sidoo kale la siiyay laba magac: Nicholas iyo Batandwa, oo macnaheedu yahay &quot;la jecel yahay&quot; ama &quot;dadka la jecel yahay&quot; ee Xhosa.
==Tixraac==
[https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/untitled-wazoneka-nicholas-hlobo/VwG-eshA2aujdg &quot;Untitled (Wazoneka) - Nicholas Hlobo&quot;]

[https://www.lehmannmaupin.com/news/nicholas-hlobo-wins-first-villa-extraordinary-award-for-sculpture &quot;Nicholas Hlobo wuxuu ku guuleystey Abaalmarinta Aan Caadiga ahayn ee VILLA ee Farshaxanka - - News - Lehmann Maupin&quot;] {{Wayback|url=https://www.lehmannmaupin.com/news/nicholas-hlobo-wins-first-villa-extraordinary-award-for-sculpture |date=20250119110322 }}

[http://www.biennialfoundation.org/2011/03/artists-venice-biennale-announced/ &quot;Fannaaniinta Venice Biennale ayaa lagu dhawaaqay&quot;]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Osasu Edobor</title>
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      <text bytes="2142" sha1="hiqsiyofdt0dpar36wmhag5vltwkovd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Osasu Edobor
| image              = Osasu Edobor.jpg
| caption            = 
| birth_place        = [[Benin City, Edo State]]
| nationality        = Nigerian
| known_for          = Dhaqdhaqaaqaha Ka-mid-noqoshada Jinsiga iyo Kormeeraha Barnaamijka HERFessions
| notable_works      = [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.thrmedia.herfessionsapp HERFessions]
}}
'''Osasu Edobor''' (oo hore loogu yiqiin Osasu Paul-Azino) waa u doode jinsi oo reer Nayjeeriya ah iyo aasaasaha Think Help Restore (THR) Media iyo Safe Space Initiative Waa qof shati haysta oo kaalmeeya caafimaadka dhimirka , tababare bare isku fasal ah , iyo la-taliye Iyada oo ah u ololeeye ku-daridda jinsiga, Osasu waxay abuurtay barnaamijka HERFessions, kaas oo taageero u fidiya dadka ka badbaaday xadgudubka galmada Waa arday ka qalin jabisay Mandela Washington Fellow 2018 iyo xubin ka tirsan Barnaamijka Hogaamiyayaasha Dhallinyarada Afrika
==Waxbarashada==
Osasu waxay shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaadatay cilmiga kimistariga Jaamacadda Gobolka Lagos sanadkii 2008, waxayna shahaadada Maareynta Qaybta Bulshada ka qaadatay Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee Lagos , Jaamacadda Pan-Atlantic sanadkii 2016 Intaa ka dib, waxay u gudubtay Jaamacadda Lagos waxayna qaadatay shahaadada labaad ee cilmiga nafsiga maamulka . Iyada oo ah Aqoonyahan Mandela Washington Fellowship ah , waxay ka heshay shahaadada Hoggaanka Madaniga ah Jaamacadda Rutgers , New Brunswick sanadkii 2018.
==Tixraac==
[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/govt-needs-to-domesticate-laws-surrounding-child-abuse-sexual-violence-osasumwen-edobor/ &quot;Dowladdu waxay u baahan tahay inay dhaqan geliso sharciyada ku saabsan xadgudubka carruurta, rabshadaha galmada - Osasumwen Edobor&quot;]

https://yali.state.gov/yali-voices-harnessing-technology-to-combat-sexual-gender-based-violence/ {{Wayback|url=https://yali.state.gov/yali-voices-harnessing-technology-to-combat-sexual-gender-based-violence/ |date=20221205105430 }} 

[https://www.linkedin.com/ &quot;Osasumwen Edobor: La-taliyaha Jinsiga iyo Horumarinta, Ganacsadaha Bulshada iyo Xirfadle aan faa'iido doon ahayn&quot;]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Garoonka Diyaaradaha Kamembe</title>
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      <text bytes="7293" sha1="pdd0nd3jm9la5vlq0jg1who4pzf2pqg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox airport 
| name = Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kamembe
| nativename = 
| nativename-a = 
| nativename-r = 
| image = Kamembe Airport from the runway, 2017 1.jpg
| image-width = 
| caption = Terminalka garoonka Kamembe oo laga eegay dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan, 2017
| IATA  = KME
| ICAO = HRZA
| pushpin_map            = 
| pushpin_map_caption    = Goobta uu garoonku ku yaallo dalka Rwanda
| pushpin_label          = KME
| pushpin_label_position = right
| type = Rayid
| owner = [[Dowladda Rwanda|Dowladda Rwanda]] 
| operator = Maamulka Garoomada Diyaaradaha ee Rwanda
| city-served = [[Cyangugu]]
| location = Kamembe, [[Rwanda]] 
| elevation-f = 5192
| elevation-m =  
| coordinates = {{coord|02|27|23|S|28|54|35|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}}
| website = 
| metric-elev = 
| metric-rwy = 
| r1-number = 02/20
| r1-length-f = 4,921
| r1-length-m = 1,500
| r1-surface = Laami
| stat-year = 
| stat1-header = 
| stat1-data = 
| stat2-header = 
| stat2-data = 
| footnotes = 
}}
'''Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kamembe'''({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-UWIRINGIYIMANA Pascal-Kamembe.wav|Dhawaaqa}}), {{airport codes|KME|HRZA}}, waa garoon diyaaradeed oo ku yaalla [[Rwanda]]. Shirkadda RwandAir ayaa ku shaqeysa diyaaradda [[Dash 8-Q400]] iyadoo todobo duullimaad oo kala imaanaya iyo kuwa u socda [[Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kigali]] sameysa todobaadkiiba. Garoonka ayaa helaya duullimaadyo charter ah oo ka kala imaanaya [[Tansaaniya]], [[Ugaandha]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]], inkastoo aysan ahayn jadwal joogto ah. Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Rwanda, garoonka Kamembe ayaa loo soo jeediyay inuu yahay goob lagu kala wareejiyo hubka Faransiiska oo loo dirayay dowladda ku meel gaarka ah ka dib bishii Abriil 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda – Acknowledging Genocide |author=Alison Des Forges |date=March 1999|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] | url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno15-8-02.htm |access-date=31 May 2020 |location=New York City |
isbn=1-56432-171-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Kamembe_Airport_from_the_outside,_2017_1.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Kamembe oo bannaanka laga eegay, 2017 1]]

==Goobta==
Garoonka Kamembe wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|5|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, waqooyiga degmada ganacsiga ee [[Cyangugu]], [[Degmada Rusizi]], ee [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Rwanda]] ee dalka Rwanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Rusizi+Taxi+Park,+3b,+Cyangugu,+Rwanda/A%C3%A9roport+de+Kamembe,+Rwanda/@-2.4734846,28.9025272,13z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c296dcb5ba79c9:0x907f8a7b60aae6cc!2m2!1d28.9176856!2d-2.4877909!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c29653421af92d:0xc345f60bd667dc1e!2m2!1d28.9085001!2d-2.4594051!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Rusizi Taxi Park, Cyangugu and Kamembe Airport in Rwanda |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garoonku wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|147.5|km|0}}, dhanka hawada, koonfur-galbeed ee [[Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Kigali]], oo ah garoonka ugu weyn dalka.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Distance between Kigali International Airport KGL and Kamembe Airport KME, Flight Time/Duration | url=https://airport.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Between_Airports_Result.asp?from=KGL&amp;to=KME |publisher=Globefeed.com |date=31 May 2020 |author=Globefeed.com |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxa uu ku fadhiyaa joog dhan {{convert|5192|ft|0}} ka sarreeya [[heerka badda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{citation |publisher=Greatcirclemapper.net |url=https://www.greatcirclemapper.net/en/airport/KME-HRZA-kamembe-airport.html |date=31 May 2020 |title=Kamembe Airport (HRZA/KME) |author=Great Circle Mapper |access-date=31 May 2020 |archive-date=11 Bisha Todobaad 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711175207/http://www.greatcirclemapper.net/en/airport/KME-HRZA-kamembe-airport.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Garoonka Kamembe waa:
02°27'23.0&quot;S, 28°54'35.0&quot;E (Loolka:-2.456389; Dhigaha:28.909722).&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B027'23.0%22S+28%C2%B054'35.0%22E/@-2.4552054,28.9135489,3137m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-2.4563889!4d28.9097222 |title=Location of Kamembe Airport, Rwanda |access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dulmar==
Kamembe waa garoon dhexdhexaad ah oo leh hal dhabaha diyaaradaha oo laami ah 02/20 kaas oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|4921|ft|0}} ballaciisuna yahay {{convert|148|ft|0}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;/&gt;

==Taariikh==
Dhismaha terminalka garoonka ayaa si xun u waxyeelloobay dhulgariir dhacay sanadkii 2008,&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=https://churchmissionsociety.org/our-stories/earthquake-hits-rwanda-and-congo/ |title=Earthquake hits Rwanda and Congo | publisher=Churchmissionsociety.org |date=4 February 2008 | author=Church Mission Society |access-date=31 May 2020 | location=Oxford, United Kingdom}}&lt;/ref&gt; horraantii 2010-kiina dowladda Rwanda ayaa ku dhawaaqday in Garoonka Kamembe la dayactiri doono lana casriyeyn doono.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=fr&amp;volumeid=37&amp;cat=20&amp;storyid=1156 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316103600/http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=fr&amp;volumeid=37&amp;cat=20&amp;storyid=1156 | url-status=dead | archive-date=16 March 2012 |title=Kamembe Airport Will Be Rehabilitated |publisher=Rwanda Information Office (ORINFOR) |date=31 May 2010 |volume=No: 780 |author=Gérard Rugambwa |access-date=31 May 2010 |location=Kigali | format=Archived from the original on 16 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dhamaadkii 2012-kii waxaa la dhameystiray terminal cusub, waxaa la furay munaarad kantarool oo cusub, waxaana [[Techno Sky]], oo ah laan ka tirsan shirkadda [[ENAV]] ee Talyaaniga laga leeyahay, ay rakibtay nidaamyo navigation cusub.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Rwanda: Rebuilding of a Nation |date = 2 December 2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KMJRCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA161 |editor=Ndahiro, A |editor2=Rwagatare, J. |publisher=African Books Collective |page=161 |isbn = 9791092401035|access-date=31 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Intii lagu guda jiray booqashadii May 2013, [[Wasiirka Kaabayaasha Dhaqaalaha (Rwanda)|Wasiirka Kaabayaasha Dhaqaalaha]] [[Albert Nsengiyumva]] ayaa ku dhawaaqay in dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan la ballaarin doono lana dheerayn doono laga bilaabo {{convert|1.5|km|ft}} ilaa {{convert|2|km|ft}} marka la gaaro 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;9R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Kamembe airport upgrade to boost tourism industry |newspaper=[[New Times (Rwanda)|New Times]] |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=31 May 2020 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/181416 | location=Kigali}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garoonka ayaa dib loo furay bishii Juun 2015, waxaana [[RwandAir]] ay bilowday duullimaadyo joogto ah oo ka dhoofaya garoonka.&lt;ref name=&quot;10R&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Kamembe Airport ready to open new runway |url=https://www.eturbonews.com/118552/kamembe-airport-ready-open-new-runway/ |publisher=eTurboNews.com | date=15 June 2015 |access-date=31 May 2020 |author=Wolfgang Thome}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Travel/691238-819378-jyotl5/index.html/ Rwandair ayaa dib u bilowday duullimaadyadii Nairobi kadib laba toddobaad oo hakad ah] Laga bilaabo 8 Diseembar 2009.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Saldhigga Korontada ee Gilgel Gibe II</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="9099" sha1="71eac7dop0kvrudr7u5gyzulktne72g" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox power station
|name                   = Xarunta Korontada ee Gilgel Gibe II
|image                  = 
|image_caption          = 
|country                = [[Itoobiya]]
|location               = {{Convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}} bariga [[Jimma]], [[Gobolka Oromia]]
|coordinates            = {{coord|7|45|25|N|37|33|44|E|type:landmark_region:ET|display=inline,title}}
|owner                  = [[Ethiopian Electric Power]]
|status                 = O
|th_fuel_primary        = 
|th_technology          = [[Biyo-xireen]]
|th_combined_cycle      = 
|ps_units_operational   = 4 x [[Pelton turbine|nuuca Pelton]]
|ps_electrical_capacity = 420 [[megawatt|MW]]
|ps_annual_generation   = 1635 [[GWh]] lagu qiyaasay
|commissioned           = {{Start date and age|2010|01|14|br=y}}
|decommissioned         = 
}}
'''Xarunta Korontada ee Gilgel Gibe II''' waa [[biyo-xireen]] [[xarun koronto]] oo ku taalla [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]] ee dalka [[Itoobiya]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii {{Convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}} bariga [[Jimma]] ee [[Gobolka Oromia]]. Xarunta korontadu waxay biyaha ka heshaa marin-biyood laga galo {{coord|7|55|27|N|37|23|16|E|name=Gilgel Gibe II Power Station headrace tunnel entrance}} oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Gilgel Gibe]]. Waxay leedahay awood la rakibay oo dhan 420 MW waxaana la daah-furay 14 Janaayo 2010. Ku dhawaad laba toddobaad ka dib daah-furka, qayb ka mid ah marin-biyoodka ayaa dumay, taas oo keentay in xaruntu ay shaqada joojiso. Dayactirka ayaa la dhammaystiray 26 Diseembar 2010.

==Naqshadeynta==
Gilgel Gibe II waxay ka kooban tahay xarun koronto oo ku taalla Webiga Omo taas oo lagu quudiyo biyo ka yimaada marin-biyood iyo [[albaabka biyo-xireenka]] oo ku yaalla Webiga Gilgel Gibe. Marin-biyoodku wuxuu socdaa {{Convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} oo ku hoos yaalla Buurta Fofa, dhamaadkiisana, wuxuu u beddelaa [[tuubo-biyood]] (penstock) leh hoos-u-dhac dhan {{Convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;/&gt; Marka biyuhu gaaraan xarunta korontada, waxay quudiyaan afar [[marawaxadaha Pelton]] oo hawlgeliya afar 107 MW [[Koronto-dhaliye|koronto-dhaliye]]. Marawaxad kastaa waa {{Convert|3.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} dhexroor ahaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/~moyer/GEOS24705/Assignments/EthiopiaPeltons.pdf|title=Naqshadeynta marawaxadda Pelton ee Gilgel Gibe II|publisher=Voith Siemens|accessdate=27 Sebtember 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dhismaha==
Dhismaha xarunta korontadu wuxuu bilaabmay 19 Maarso 2005, iyadoo [[Salini Impregilo|Salini Costruttori]] uu yahay qandaraaslaha ugu weyn.&lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Gilgel-Gibe II |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |publisher=Iskaashiga Horumarinta Talyaaniga |accessdate=27 Sebtember 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |archivedate=20 Maarso 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Xarunta korontada ayaa asal ahaan lagu waday in la dhammaystiro dabayaaqadii 2007 laakiin waa dib u dhacday sababo la xiriira dhibaatooyin injineernimo intii lagu jiray dhismaha. Maarso 2005, qandaraaska lagu qodayo marin-biyoodka ayaa la siiyay [[SELI]] iyo Oktoobar 2006, [[mashiinka qodista marin-biyoodka]] (TBM) ayaa ku dhuftay khalad, taas oo dib u dhigtay mashruuca. 9 Juun 2009, labadii TBM ayaa isku kulmay marin-biyoodkiina wuxuu diyaar u ahaa tijaabada biyaha bishii Sebtember ee sanadkaas. Marin-biyoodka waxaa &quot;loo arkaa mid ka mid ah mashaariicda marin-biyood ee ugu adag ee weligood la sameeyo, sababo la xiriira xaaladaha dhulka oo aad u adag, iyo meelaha qaarkood, si gaar ah u xun.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php|title=Dumista marin-biyoodka ka dib daah-furka weyn|publisher=Tunnel Talk|accessdate=27 Sebtember 2010|date=Febraayo 2010|archive-date=20 Sebtember 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920061557/http://tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Xarunta korontada ayaa la daah-furay 14 Janaayo 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://gadaa.com/oduu/?p=2416|title=Itoobiya: Miyaa ku degdegga dhammaystirka Gilgel Gibe II ee doorashada ay keentay dumisteeda?|publisher=Gadaa|accessdate=27 Sebtember 2010|date=Febraayo 15, 2010|archive-date=3 Febraayo 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203114653/http://gadaa.com/oduu/?p=2416|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Dumistii marin-biyoodka iyo dayactirkii===
Qiyaastii toban maalmood ka dib markii mashruuca la dhammaystiray, qiyaastii {{Convert|15|m|ft|abbr=on}} oo ka mid ah {{Convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} marin-biyoodka ayaa dumay. Dumista waxaa loo aanayn karaa guuldarro dhismeed oo ay keentay dhismaha degdegga ah iyo la'aanta daraasado habboon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivers&quot;&gt;International Rivers: [http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/5058 Biyo-xireenka Itoobiya oo la kulmay marin-biyood duma maalmo ka dib daah-furka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227115046/http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/5058 |date=2010-12-27 }} La daabacay 5 Febraayo 2010. Laga helay 13 Juun 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Bayaanka rasmiga ah ee shirkadda dhismaha ee Salini Costruttori, oo la sii daayay laba toddobaad ka dib daah-furka rasmiga ah ayaa ahaa in &quot;dhacdo juqraafiyeed aan la filaynin ay keentay 'god' iyo dhagax weyn oo ku dhacay qiyaastii 15m oo ka mid ah 26km marin-biyoodka.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Tunnel Talk [https://www.tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php Dumista Marin-biyoodka Ka dib Daah-furka Weyn] {{Wayback|url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php |date=20120920061557 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920061557/http://tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php |date=2012-09-20 }} La daabacay Febraayo 2010. Laga helay 13 Juun 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oct&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Itoobiya oo dhoofinaysa koronto loo dirayo Sudan laga bilaabo Oktoobar|url=http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3422:ethiopia-to-export-power-to-sudan-beginning-october-&amp;catid=13:headlines&amp;Itemid=19|publisher=Ethiopian Journal|accessdate=27 Sebtember 2010|date=Sebtember 9, 2010|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212425/http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3422:ethiopia-to-export-power-to-sudan-beginning-october-&amp;catid=13:headlines&amp;Itemid=19|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Marin-biyoodka waa la dayactiray xaruntuna waxay hawlgashay mar kale 26 Diseembar 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Gilgel Gibe II ayaa dib u bilowday hawlgalka|url=http://ertagov.com/erta/erta-news-archive/38-erta-tv-hot-news-addis-ababa-ethiopia/381-gilgel-gibe-ii-resumes-operation-.html|publisher=ERTA News|accessdate=7 Ogosto 2011|date=28 Diseembar 2010|archive-date=2012-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413084840/http://www.ertagov.com/erta/erta-news-archive/38-erta-tv-hot-news-addis-ababa-ethiopia/381-gilgel-gibe-ii-resumes-operation-.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Maalgelinta==
Sannadkii 2004, Dowladda Itoobiya waxay ka heshay €220 milyan Dowladda Talyaaniga dhismaha. Kharashka guud ee dhismaha waa €373 milyan iyadoo €50 milyan ay bixisay [[Bangiga Maalgashiga Yurub]], iyo €103 milyan ee soo hadhayna ay bixisay Dowladda Itoobiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;/&gt;

==Muranka==
Maalgelinta xarunta korontadu waxay ahayd mid muran ka taagan yahay gudaha dowladda Talyaaniga. Waxaa la siiyay inkasta oo ay jiraan diidmo ka timid Agaasinka Guud ee Iskaashiga Horumarinta ee Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Wasaaradda Dhaqaalaha iyo Maaliyadda. Waxay ka doodeen amaahda sababtoo ah qandaraaska waxaa la bixiyay iyada oo aan la tartamin taas oo ka hor imanaysa sharciga Talyaaniga, sababtoo ah cabbirkeeda aadka u weyn ayaa la macno ah in lacag yar ay u hartay mashaariicda kale ee horumarinta, ma jirin wax kharash ah oo lagu qiimaynayo saamaynta deegaanka oo lagu daray kormeerka, mashruucu ma ahayn mid ganacsi ahaan waxtar leh sababtoo ah canshuuraha korontada oo hooseeya ee Itoobiya iyo sababtoo ah ma ahayn mid ku habboon in lagu dhibo dal sabool ah deyn dheeraad ah xilli uu hadda ka helay deyn-dhaaf Talyaaniga. Waxa kale oo jiray su'aalo baarlamaan oo ku saabsan mashruuca kuwaas oo aan laga jawaabin oo uu qabtay Xoghayaha Gobolka ee Arrimaha Dibadda, Luigi Mantica. Maarso 2006 Xafiiska Xeer-ilaaliyaha ee Rome ayaa bilaabay dacwad dambiyeed ku saabsan mashruuca korontada biyaha ee Gilgel Gibe II.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Kiiska Gilgel Gibe: Falanqaynta mashaariicda korontada biyaha ee Gilbel Gibe ee Itoobiya |url=http://www.stopgibe3.org/pdf/The%20Gilgel%20Gibe%20Affair.pdf |publisher=CRBM - Campagna per la Riforma della Banca Mondial / CEE Bankwatch Network |accessdate=26 Diseembar 2011 |pages=14–15 |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072315/http://www.stopgibe3.org/pdf/The%20Gilgel%20Gibe%20Affair.pdf |archivedate=26 Abriil 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sidoo kale eeg==
{{Portal|Afrika|Tamarta|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}
* [[Tamarta Itoobiya]]

==Tixraacyo==

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  <page>
    <title>Harada Tana</title>
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      <text bytes="21304" sha1="5zo9s2o5pq8irs6qgnjdzs6jz48kuy1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox body of water
| name = Harada Tana
| image = lake tana.jpg
| caption = Sawirka Harada Tana oo dhanka galbeed laga qaaday isagoo hawada sare laga soo sawiray (Abriil 1991)
| image_bathymetry = 
| caption_bathymetry = 
| location = [[East Africa|Bariga Afrika]]
| coords = {{Coord|12|0|N|37|15|E|type:waterbody_region:ET|display=inline,title}}
| type = 
| inflow = [[Gilgel Abay]], Webiga Kilti, [[Magech River|Webiga Megech]], [[Reb River|Webiga Reb]], [[Gumara River|Webiga Gumara]]
| outflow = [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]]
| catchment = 
| basin_countries = [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]]
| length = {{convert|84|km|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|66|km|abbr=on}}
| area = {{convert|3200|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth = 
| max-depth = {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}}
| residence_time = 
| shore = 
| elevation = {{convert|1788|m|abbr=on}}
| islands = Kuwa ugu muhiimsan waa [[Tana Qirqos]], [[Daga Island|Jasiiradda Daga]], [[Dek Island|Jasiiradda Dek]], iyo [[Mitraha Island|Mitraha]]
| cities = [[Bahir Dar]], [[Gorgora]]
&lt;!--      Map      --&gt;
| pushpin_map             = Ethiopia
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = Location of Lake Tana in Ethiopia.
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
&lt;!--   Below       --&gt; 
| website            = 
| reference          = 
}}

'''Harada Tana''' ({{langx|am|ጣና ሐይቅ|T’ana ḥāyik’i}}; markii hore loo qori jiray '''Tsana'''{{sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911}}) waa [[lake|harada]] ugu weyn [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]] isla markaana ah isha uu ka yimaado [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]]. Waxay ku taallaa [[Amhara Region|Gobolka Amhara]] ee waqooyiga-galbeed ee [[Ethiopian Highlands|Dhulka Sare ee Itoobiya]], haradu waxay dhererkeedu gaaraa qiyaastii {{convert|84|km|mi|abbr=off}} halka ballaceeduna yahay {{convert|66|km|mi|abbr=off}}, iyadoo moolkeeda ugu sarreeya uu yahay {{convert|15|m|ft|abbr=off}},&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia|year=1967–1968}}&lt;/ref&gt; jooggeeduna yahay {{convert|1788|m|ft|abbr=off}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Lake_Tana_source_of_the_Blue_Nile |title=Lake Tana, source of the Blue Nile |date=5 November 2004 |work=Observing the Earth |publisher=European Space Agency |access-date=4 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harada Tana waxaa quudiya webiyada [[Gilgel Abay]], [[Reb River|Reb]] iyo [[Gumara River|Gumara]]. Baaxadda dusha sare ee haradu waxay u dhaxeysaa {{convert|3000|to|3500|km2|mi2|abbr=off}}, iyadoo taasi ay ku xiran tahay xilliga iyo da'itaanka roobka. Heerka biyaha harada waxaa la maamulayay tan iyo markii la dhisay [[weir|biya-xireenka]] koontaroolka ah ee goobta ay haradu uga shubanto Niilka Buluugga ah. Tani waxay koontarooshay qulqulka taga [[Blue Nile Falls|Shubanka Niilka Buluugga ah]] (Tis Abbai) iyo saldhigga tamarta korontada ee biyaha laga dhaliyo.

Sannadkii 2015, gobolka Harada Tana waxaa loo magacaabay [[UNESCO Biosphere Reserve]] (Kaydka Biosphere ee UNESCO) iyadoo loo aqoonsaday muhiimaddeeda dabiiciga ah iyo midda dhaqameed ee heer qaran iyo heer caalami.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve |url=https://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ |access-date=2026-06-18 |website=www.laketana-biosphere.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dulmar Guud==
[[File:Lake Tana, Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|left|Muuqaallo laga dushay Harada Tana]]
[[File:Island Church (2401612298).jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda Jasiiradda ee ku taal Harada Tana]]
[[File:Zege Peninsula Tour Guide.jpg|thumb|left|Hage dalxiis oo deegaanka ah oo muujinaya sida loo garaaco dhagax si loogu muujiyo xilliyada cuntada ee kaniisad ku taal Jasiirad-yarada Zege]]
[[File:Blue Nile.jpg|thumb|left|Bilowga webiga [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]] ee meesha uu ka baxo Harada Tana]]
[[File:BahirDarResort.jpg|thumb|left|Huteel loo dalxiis tago oo ku yaal xeebta Harada Tana ee [[Bahir Dar]]]]

Harada Tana waxay ku samaysantay hawlo foolkaano, kuwaas oo xannibay qulqulka webiyadii ku shubmi jiray bilowgii xilligii [[Pleistocene]], qiyaastii 5 milyan oo sano ka hor.&lt;ref name=&quot;springer&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Vijverberg |first1=Jacobus |title=The Nile |last2=Sibbing |first2=Ferdinand A. |last3=Dejen |first3=Eshete |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=163–192 |chapter=Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9726-3_9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haradu markii hore aad ayay uga weynayd sida ay maanta tahay. Toddoba webi oo waaweyn oo joogto ah ayaa quudiya harada iyo sidoo kale 40 webi oo yaryar oo xilliyeed ah. Webiyada ugu muhiimsan ee ku shubma harada waa Gilgel Abbay (Webiga Niilka Yar), iyo webiyada Megech, Gumara, iyo Rib.&lt;ref name=&quot;springer&quot;/&gt;

Harada Tana waxay leedahay dhowr jasiiradood, kuwaas oo tiradoodu ay isbeddesho iyadoo ku xiran heerka biyaha harada. Waxay hoos u dhacday qiyaastii {{convert|6|ft|m}} 400-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Sida laga soo xigtay [[Manuel de Almeida]], oo ahaa adeegayaal diimeed u dhashay [[Portugal]] bilowgii qarnigii 17-aad, waxaa jiray 21 jasiiradood, kuwaas oo todoba ama siddeed ka mid ah ay ku yaalleen kaniisado &quot;markii hore waaweynaa, laakiin hadda aad u yaraaday.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Beckham&quot;/&gt; Markii [[James Bruce]] uu booqday aagga sannadkii 1771, wuxuu xusay in dadka deegaanka ay xisbiyeen 45 jasiiradood oo dad deggan yihiin, laakiin wuxuu sheegay inuu aaminsan yahay in &quot;tiradu ay noqon karto qiyaastii kow iyo toban.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Beckham&quot;/&gt; Anton Stecker, sannadkii 1881, wuxuu sameeyay baaritaan faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan harada, isagoo awood u yeeshay inuu sameeyo khariidado si weyn u saxan,{{sfn |Garstin |Cana |1911}} wuxuuna xisbiyay 44 jasiiradood.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Hayes |first=A.J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h742AAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA73 |title=The Source of the Blue Nile: A Record of a Journey Through the Soudan to Lake Tsana in Western Abyssinia, and of the Return to Egypt by the Valley of the Atbara |publisher=Smith, Elder &amp; Company |year=1905 |page=73 |access-date=28 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juqraafi-yahan u dhashay qarnigii 20-aad ayaa magacaabay 37 jasiiradood, kuwaas oo uu aaminsanaa in 19 ka mid ah ay leeyihiin ama ku yaalleen kaniisado.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beckham&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Beckham |first1=C. F. |title=Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646 |last2=Huntingford |first2=G. W. B. |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]] |year=1954 |series=Series 2 |location=London |page=35 and note |number=107}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haraaga boqorradii hore ee [[List of emperors of Ethiopia|Itoobiya]] iyo hantida [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Masiixiyadda Ortodokska ee Itoobiya]] ayaa lagu keeydiyaa kaniisadaha jasiiradaha go'doonsan (ay ku jiraan [[Kebran Gabriel]], [[Ura Kidane Mehret]], [[Narga Selassie]], [[Daga Estifanos]], [[Medhane Alem]] ee [[Rema Island|Jasiiradda Rema]], Kota Maryam, iyo Mertola Maryam). Jasiiradda [[Tana Qirqos]] waxaa ku yaal dhagax loo muujiyay [[Paul B. Henze]], kaas oo loo sheegay inay [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Maryam]], oo ahayd hooyadii Ciise, ay ku nastay safarkeedii ay kaga soo laabatay [[Egypt|Masar]]; waxaa kale oo loo sheegay in [[Frumentius]], oo [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]] keenay Itoobiya, &quot;la rabo in lagu aasay Tana Cherqos.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Henze |first=Paul B. |author-link=Paul B. Henze |title=Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia |url=https://archive.org/details/layersoftimehist0000henz |publisher=Palgrave |year=2000 |isbn=978-0312227197 |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/layersoftimehist0000henz/page/73 73]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maydka [[Yekuno Amlak]] waxaa lagu aasay kaniisadda St. Stephen ee ku taal [[Daga Island|Jasiiradda Daga]]. Boqorrada xabaalahoodu ay sidoo kale ku yaallaan Daga waxaa ka mid ah [[Dawit I]], [[Zara Yaqob]], [[Za Dengel]], iyo [[Fasilides]]. Jasiiradaha kale ee muhiimka ah ee ku yaal Harada Tana waxaa ka mid ah [[Dek Island|Dek]], [[Mitraha Island|Mitraha]], [[Gelila Zakarias]], [[Halimun]] iyo [[Briguida]].

Kaniisadaha waxaa la aaminsan yahay in la dhisay intii lagu guda jiray Waayadii Dhexe iyadoo laga dhisay goobo diimeed oo ka horreeyay. Waxaa ka mid ah kaniisaddii qarnigii afar iyo tobnaad ee [[Debre Maryam]], iyo tii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ee Narga Selassie, Tana Qirqos, oo la sheego inay ku jirtay [[Ark of the Covenant|Sanduuqa Axdiga]] ka hor intaan loo rarin [[Axum]], iyo Ura Kidane Mehret, oo loo yaqaan astaanteeda boqortooyo. Adeegga doonta wuxuu isku xiraa [[Bahir Dar]] iyo [[Gorgora]] iyadoo loo marayo Dek iyo tuulooyin dhowr ah oo xeebta harada ku yaal.

Waxaa kale oo jira [[Zege Peninsula|Jasiirad-yarada Zege]] oo ku taal qaybta koonfur-galbeed ee harada. Zege waa goobta ay ku taallaa kaniisadda [[Azwa Maryam]].

Harada Tana waxay sidoo kale ahayd goob ay udub-dhexaad u ahayd bulshada [[Beta Israel]], iyadoo leh kaniisadaha kaliya ee Yuhuudda ee adduunka ku yaal,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Kribus |first1=Bar |last2=Krebs |first2=Verena |date=2018 |title=Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jewish) Monastic Sites North of Lake Tana Preliminary Results of an Exploratory Field Trip to Ethiopia in December 2015 |journal=Entangled Religion |volume=6 |pages=309–344 |doi=10.13154/er.v6.2018.309-344}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka hor intaanay u [[Aliyah from Ethiopia|guurin dhanka Israa'iil]].

==Astaamaha biyaha iyo daadadka==
Marka la barbardhigo harooyinka kale ee kuleylaha ah, biyaha Harada Tana waa kuwo qabow, badanaana waxay u dhaxeeyaan qiyaastii {{cvt|20|to(-)|27|C|F}}. Biyuhu waxay leeyihiin [[pH]] dhexdhexaad ah ilaa mid xoogaa [[alkaline|asid daciif ah]] ah, sadiicaddooduna aad ayay u hoosaysaa.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009&gt;{{cite book| author1=Vijverberg, J. | author2=F.A. Sibbing | author3=E. Dejen | year=2009 | chapter=Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile | pages=163–193 | editor=H.J. Dumont | title=The Nile | series=Monographiae Biologicae | volume=89 | publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V | isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sababtoo ah isbeddelada xilliyeed ee waaweyn ee qulqulka webiyada ku shubma, roobka iyo uumi-baxa, heerarka biyaha Harada Tana caadi ahaan waxay isbeddelaan {{cvt|2-2.5|m|ft}} sannadkii, iyagoo gaara meeshii ugu sarreysay bishana Sebtembar–Oktoobar waxyar uun ka dib xilliga weyn ee roobka. Marka ay heerarka biyuhu sarreeyaan, bannaanka ku xeeran harada badanaa waa ay dadmaan, dhoobooyinka kale ee joogtada ah ee gobolkana waxay ku xidmaan harada.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt;

==Dhirta xayawaanka==
[[File:Lily pads, Lake Tana.jpg|thumb|Dhirta lily-ga oo sabaynaysa u dhow xeebta Harada Tana]]

Maadaama aysan jirin qulqulo biyo oo isku xira harada iyo marinada kale ee waaweyn, iyo meesha ugu weyn ee ay biyuhu uga baxaan, oo ah [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]], uu xannibay [[Blue Nile Falls|Shubanka Niilka Buluugga ah]], haradu waxay taageertaa xayawaanka biyaha ku nool oo aad u gaar ah, kaas oo guud ahaan la xiriira noocyada ka yimaada [[Nile Basin|Dooxada Niilka]].&lt;ref name=FEOW&gt;{{cite web |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World |year=2008 |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |title=Lake Tana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203717/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=24 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Heerarka nafaqada ee haradu waa kuwo hooseeya.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt;

===Kalluun===
Waxaa jira 27 nooc oo kalluun ah oo ku dhex jira Harada Tana, 20 ka mid ahna waa kuwo [[Endemism|u gaar ah]] harada.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt; Tani waxaa ku jira mid ka mid ah labada kooxood ee kaliya ee la yaqaan ee noocyada [[cyprinid]] (midka kale, oo ka yimid [[Lake Lanao]] ee Filibiin, waxaa baabi'iyay noocyo kale oo lagu soo kordhiyay). Waxay ka kooban tahay 15 nooc oo dhererkoodu weyn yahay oo gaaraya ilaa {{convert|1|m|abbr=on}}, kuwaas oo ah kalluunka loogu yeero ''[[Labeobarbus]]'' barbs oo markii hore lagu dari jiray ''[[Barbus]]''.&lt;ref name=FEOW/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;barbs1&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=de Graaf |first1=Martin |last2=Dejen |first2=Eshete |last3=Sibbing |first3=Ferdinand A. |last4=Osse |first4=Jan W. M. |year=2000 |title=''Barbus tanapelagius'', A New Species from Lake Tana (Ethiopia): its Morphology and Ecology |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-biology-of-fishes_2000-09_59_1/page/n6 |journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1023/A:1007608208630 |bibcode=2000EnvBF..59....1D }}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa ka mid ah, ''[[Labeobarbus acutirostris|L. acutirostris]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus longissimus|L. longissimus]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus megastoma|L. megastoma]]'' iyo ''[[Labeobarbus truttiformis|L. truttiformis]]'' oo ah kuwo si adag [[piscivorous|kalluunka u cuna]], halka ''[[Labeobarbus dainellii|L. dainellii]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus gorguari|L. gorguari]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus macrophtalmus|L. macrophtalmus]]'' iyo ''[[Labeobarbus platydorsus|L. platydorsus]]'' ay inta badan yihiin kuwa kalluunka cuna.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt; Ugaadhkooda ugu muhiimsan waa noocyada yaryar ee ''[[Enteromius]]'' iyo ''[[Garra]]''.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt;&lt;ref name=barbs1/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;barbs2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=de Graaf |first1=Martin |last2=Megens |first2=Hendrik-Jan |last3=Samallo |first3=Johannis |last4=Sibbing |first4=Ferdinand |year=2007 |title=Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small Barbus species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation |journal=Animal Biology |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=39–48 |doi=10.1163/157075607780002069}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noocyada kale ee ''Labeobarbus'' ee ku jira Harada Tana waxay leeyihiin caadooyin kale oo quudin oo gaar ah: ''[[African scraping feeder|L. beso]]'' (ma aha mid u gaar ah harada, si dhowona uma xirna kuwa kale) wuxuu ku quustaa [[algae|ajyad]], ''[[Labeobarbus surkis|L. surkis]]'' wuxuu inta badan quustaa [[macrophytes|dhirtada biyaha]], ''[[Labeobarbus gorgorensis|L. gorgorensis]]'' dhirtada biyaha iyo [[mollusc|argoosatada]], ''[[Labeobarbus brevicephalus|L. brevicephalus]]'' wuxuu quustaa [[zooplankton]] (si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhalada dhammaan xubnaha kooxdan waxay ku quustaan zooplankton), ''[[Labeobarbus osseensis|L. osseensis]]'' dhirtada biyaha iyo cayayaanka waaweyn, iyo ''[[Labeobarbus crassibarbis|L. crassibarbis]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus intermedius|L. intermedius]]'' (ma aha mid u gaar ah laakiin si dhow ayay u xiriiraan kuwa kale), ''[[Labeobarbus nedgia|L. nedgia]]'' iyo ''[[Labeobarbus tsanensis|L. tsanensis]]'' waxay ku quustaan xayawaanka aan laf-dhabarta lahayn ee gunta degan sida dirxiga [[chironomid]]. Noocyada u gaarka ah ee ''Labeobarbus'', siddeed nooc ayaa ku tarma dhoobada harada, kuwa harayna waxay xilliyeed ugu guuraan webiyada ku shubma halkaas oo ay ku tarmaan.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt;

Nidaamka noocyada ''Labeobarbus'' sokow, noocyada u gaarka ah harada waxaa ka mid ah ''[[Enteromius pleurogramma]]'', ''[[Enteromius tanapelagius|E. tanapelagius]]'', ''[[Garra regressus]]'' iyo ''[[Afronemacheilus abyssinicus]]'' (oo ah mid ka mid ah labada nooc ee kaliya ee Afrikaanka ah ee [[Nemacheilidae|loach-ka dhagaxa]]). Noocyada kale ee aan u gaarka ahayn waxaa ka mid ah [[Nile tilapia|tilapia-ha Niilka]] (oo ku baahsan Afrika, laakiin leh nooc hoos yimaada oo u gaar ah harada oo loogu yeero ''tana''), ''[[Enteromius humilis|E. humilis]]'', ''[[Garra dembecha|G. dembecha]]'', ''[[Garra dembeensis|G. dembeensis]]'' iyo kalluunka weyn ee [[African sharptooth catfish|kalluunka shamiitada ee Afrika]].&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt;&lt;ref name=FEOW/&gt;

===Kalluumeysiga iyo hanjabaadaha===
[[File:ET Amhara asv2018-02 img063 Lake Tana at Gorgora.jpg|thumb|Noocyo kala duwan oo ''[[Labeobarbus]]'' iyo [[African sharptooth catfish]] ah oo laga soo qabtay harada]]

Harada Tana waxay taageertaa warshad weyn oo [[Fishing in Ethiopia|kalluumeysi]], taas oo inta badan ku salaysan kalluunka ''Labeobarbus'', tilapia-ha Niilka iyo kalluunka shamiitada. Sida laga soo xigtay Waaxda Kalluumeysiga iyo Beeraha Biyaha ee Itoobiya, 1,454 tan oo kalluun ah ayaa la soo dejiyay sannadkii 2011 magaalada [[Bahir Dar]], taas oo ay waaxdu ku qiyaastay inay tahay 15% tirada la waari karo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm &quot;Information on Fisheries Management in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia&quot;] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm |date=20080228033847 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228033847/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm |date=28 February 2008 }}, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), January 2003&lt;/ref&gt; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay oo lagu barbardhigay qabashada sannadkii 2001 iyo tii toban sano ka hor, waxaa la ogaaday in baaxadda caadiga ah ee labada nooc ee tilapia iyo kalluunka shamiitada ay si weyn hoos ugu dhacday, tirada ''Labeobarbus'' ee ku taran jiray webiyada ku shubma haradana ay si weyn u yaraatay.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt; Kalluunka u gaarka ah harada, inta badan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay halis ku jiraan ([[Endangered species|halis ku jira]] ama [[Vulnerable species|u nugul halis]]) ama [[data deficient|xogtoodu ay dhiman tahay]] (xogta la heli karo aysan ku filnayn in lagu qiimeeyo xaaladdooda) marka loo eego [[IUCN]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | year=2019 | title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/ | publisher=IUCN | access-date=18 November 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bilowgii sannadihii 2000, dawladda deegaanka ayaa markii ugu horreysay soo bandhigtay sharciyada kalluumeysiga waxaana rajaynayaa inay taasi saameyn togan ku yeelan doonto tirada kalluunka.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt;

Halisaha kale ee halista ah waa burburinta deegaanka iyo wasakhaynta. [[Bahir Dar]] waxay noqotay magaalo weyn waxayna u koreysaa si degdeg ah; [[wastewater|biyahooda wasakhda ah]] guud ahaan waxaa si toos ah loogu sii daayaa harada.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt; Dhirta ku taal dhoobada harada, oo ah meel muhiim u ah dhalmada ''Labeobarbus'' iyo kalluunka kale, waxaa lagu nadiifinayaa xawaare sare. Khatarta weyn ee ku tasi karta nidaamka deegaanka ee gaarka ah waxay noqon kartaa [[Introduced species|soo kordhinta]] nooc ugaarsi weyn oo waxtar leh sida [[Nile perch|kalluunka caanka ah ee Biyaha Niilka]], kaas oo sababay dabar-goyn dhowr nooc ah oo ka dhacday [[Lake Victoria|Harada Victoria]]. Kalluunka ''Labeobarbus'' ee cuna kalluunka kale ee ku jira Harada Tana waa kuwo aan waxtar weyn u lahayn ugaadhsiga kuwaas oo kaliya cuni kara kalluunka gaaraya ilaa 15% dhererka ugaadhsadaha laftiisa.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt;

===Other fauna===
[[File: Pelicans on the lake Tana, Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|[[Great white pelican|Shimbiraha pelican-ka]] oo jooga Harada Tana]]

Xayawaanka kale ee deegaanka ka midka ah, haradu waxay taageertaa xayawaan aan laf-dhabar lahayn oo aad u yar: Waxaa jira shan iyo toban nooc oo [[mollusk|argoosato]] ah, oo ay ku jiraan mid u gaar ah harada, iyo sidoo kale [[sponge|isbuunyo]] biyaha macaan ah oo u gaar ah harada.&lt;ref name=FEOW/&gt;

Qiyaastii 230 nooc ooshimbirrood ah, oo ay ku jiraan wax ka badan 80 shimbiraha dhoobada ah sida [[great white pelican|pelican-ka cad ee weyn]], [[African darter]], [[hamerkop]], [[stork|shimbiraha hawaalraaca]], [[African spoonbill]], [[ibis]], [[duck|banaas]], [[kingfisher|shimbiraha kalluunbiyadka]] iyo [[African fish eagle|gorgorka kalluunka Afrika]], ayaa laga yaqaan Harada Tana.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt; Waa goob muhiim u ah nasashada iyo quudinta shimbiraha biyaha ee ka soo guura deegaanka [[Palearctic]].&lt;ref name=FEOW/&gt;

Ma jiraan [[crocodile|yaxaasyo]], laakiin [[African softshell turtle|diinka qolofka jilicsan ee Afrika]] iyo [[Nile monitor|goodirka Niilka]] ayaa laga diiwaangeliyay meel u dhow meesha uu Niilka Buluugga ah uga baxo harada.&lt;ref&gt;Largen and Spawls (2010). ''The Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea.'' {{ISBN|978-3-89973-466-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hippo|Jeerta]] waa ay joogtaa, inta badanna waxay ku dhowdahay meesha uu Niilka Buluugga ah ka baxo.&lt;ref name=Vijverberg2009/&gt;

==Tixraacyo==
{{reflist}}

===Shaqooyinka la soo xigtay===
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Tsana|volume=27|pages=347-348|first1=William Edmund|last1=Garstin|first2=Frank Richardson|last2=Cana}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
{{Commons category|Lake Tana}}
*[http://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ Homepage of Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve] {{Wayback|url=http://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ |date=20210702215353 }}
*[https://en.nabu.de/projects/ethiopia/tana/index.html Lake Tana project webpage of The Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU e.V.)]
*[http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/iges/research-groups/quaternary/palaeoecology-laboratory/lake-tana/ Lake Tana project] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/iges/research-groups/quaternary/palaeoecology-laboratory/lake-tana/ |date=20160303223747 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223747/http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/iges/research-groups/quaternary/palaeoecology-laboratory/lake-tana/ |date=3 March 2016 }} at [[Aberystwyth University]]
*[http://www.galenfrysinger.com/blue_nile_ethiopia.htm Photographs of the lake]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040913205524/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D2511%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html Unesco plan for Lake T'ana]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20031127223905/http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8568 LakeNet Profile]}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090701031152/http://www.impetusinmundum.de/documentation/Album.html?Bildliste=5a0c198f-5a0c19cc&amp;Region=Lake+Tana Pictures from Lake Tana and the Monasteries]

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  <page>
    <title>Gobolka Ahafo</title>
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      <text bytes="16994" sha1="qnkrwnq2jdgxx7tmxdzylnif1vgn6l3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Ahafo
| official_name      = Gobolka Ahafo
| type               = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]]
| image_skyline      = The Tano River.jpg
| image_caption      = Webiga Tano
| image_map          = Ahafo in Ghana 2018.svg
| mapsize            = 150px
| map_caption        = Goobta Ahafo ee Ghana
| image_map1         = 
| map_caption1       = 
| flag_size          = 250px
| flag_link          = 
| subdivision_type   = Waddan
| subdivision_name   = [[Ghana]]
| leader_title       = Magaalada ugu weyn
| leader_name        = [[Mim, Ahafo]]
| leader_title1      = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]]
| leader_name1       = [[Charity Gardiner]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ahrcc.gov.gh/newly-appointed-ahafo-regional-minister-hon-george-yaw-boakye-paid-a-courtesy-call-to-nana-sankoremanhene/|title = Newly Appointed Ahafo Regional Minister, Hon. George Yaw Boakye Paid a Courtesy Call to Nana Sankoremanhene – Ahafo Regional Coordinating Council}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title2      = &lt;!-- Members of Parliament --&gt;
| leader_name2       = 
| seat_type          = Caasimad
| seat               = [[Goaso]]
| area_total_km2     = 5,193
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_rank          = &lt;!--[[List of Ghanaian regions by area|Ranked ]]--&gt;
| population_total   = 564,668&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTMxOTU3MTAxOC44MjU=&amp;&amp;Bono&amp;regid=2|title = Ghana Statistical Services}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of   = Tirakoobka 2021
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank    = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego dadka|Kaalinta 16-aad]]
| population_density_km2 = 109
| demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Sannad
| demographics1_info1 = 
| demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics1_info2 = 
| demographics_type2 = [[GDP magacaaban|GDP (Nominal)]]
| demographics2_title1 = Sannad
| demographics2_info1 = 
| demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba
| demographics2_info2 = 
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}}
| blank_info_sec2    = 
| parts_type         = [[Degmooyinka Gobolka Ahafo|Degmooyin]]
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = 
| iso_code           = 
| website            = 
| timezone           = [[GMT]]
| area_code          = [[Lambarrada taleefoonada ee Ghana|035]]
}}
'''Gobolka Ahafo''' waa [[Gobolada Ghana|gobol]] cusub oo ku yaalla Ghana, kaas oo la abuuray 27 Diseembar 2018, iyadoo [[Goaso]] ay tahay caasimaddiisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-11-21|work=Ghana News|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/11/21/commission-of-enquiry-on-creation-of-new-regions-commences-work/|title=Commission of enquiry on creation of new regions commences work - Ghana News|access-date=2017-12-12|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411215130/http://citifmonline.com/2017/11/21/commission-of-enquiry-on-creation-of-new-regions-commences-work/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CREATION OF NEW ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS—COUNCIL OF STATE RECOMMENDS COMMISSION OF ENQUIRY - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/3917-creation-of-new-administrative-regions-council-of-state-recommends-commission-of-enquiry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924135011/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/3917-creation-of-new-administrative-regions-council-of-state-recommends-commission-of-enquiry |archive-date=2019-09-24 |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=Government Of Ghana |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay sharci-dejinta maamulka iyo dawladda sida dhammaan tobanka gobol ee horey uga jiray Ghana. Gobolka ayaa laga gooyay qaybta koonfur-bari ee [[Gobolka Brong Ahafo]] waxaana lagu fuliyay ballan-qaad olole oo ay samaysay Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub (New Patriotic Party). Kahor [[doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2016]], murashaxii markaas [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in marka la doorto, uu sahamin doono suurtagalnimada abuurista gobollo cusub oo laga gooyo qaar ka mid ah gobollada jira ee Ghana si dawladda loogu dhoweeyo muwaadiniinta.

Fulinta qorshayaasha abuurista gobollada waxaa loo xilsaaray [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta iyo Horumarinta Gobolka]] ee dhawaan la abuuray&lt;ref name=&quot;yyuiu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=2nd Ministerial list out: Akufo-Addo creates new ministries, re-aligns old |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731040155/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=22 June 2017 |website= |publisher=MyJoyonline}}&lt;/ref&gt; taas oo ay hoggaaminayso [[Dan Botwe|Hon. Dan Botwe]], wasiirka [[Dawladda Ghana]] ee lagu eedeeyay mas'uuliyadda kormeerka abuurista gobollada cusub ee Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;yyuiu&quot; /&gt; Bishii Maarso 2017, wasaaraddu waxay u dirtay qorshaha abuurista gobolka, oo ay la socdaan kuwo kale, [[Golaha Gobolka (Ghana)|Golaha Gobolka]]. Goluhu wuxuu kulmay in ka badan 36 jeer laga bilaabo wakhtigii la soo gudbiyay ilaa Agoosto 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2017-08-16 |title=Council of State met 36 times on new Regions - Nana Otuo Siriboe II |language=en-US |work=GhanaCrusader - Latest News in Ghana and Beyond |url=https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212193348/https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/ |archive-date=2017-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Heerka ugu dambeeya ee abuurista gobolka waxaa lagu go'aamiyay [[afti]] ay dadka ku dhex nool gobolka cusub ka qaadeen 27 Diseembar 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Creation Of New Region In Your Hands&quot; – President Akufo-Addo To Nayiri – The Presidency, Republic of Ghana |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211071727/http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |archive-date=2017-12-11 |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=Ghana Presidency |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Magaalooyinka waaweyn==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: centre;&quot;
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|align=center colspan=4|'''[[Degganaanshaha aadanaha|Magaalooyinka waaweyn]] ee Gobolka Ahafo'''.
|- &quot;
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| No.
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| [[Degganaanshaha aadanaha|Degganaansho]]
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Dadka
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Sannadka tirakoobka
|-
|align=center| '''1'''
|align=center| [[Mim, Ahafo]]
|align=center| 30,753
|align=center| 2017
|-
|align=center| '''2'''
|align=center| [[Goaso]]
|align=center| 24,846
|align=center| 2017
|-
|align=center| '''3'''
|align=center| [[Bechem]]
|align=center| 17,677
|align=center| 2013
|-
|align=center| '''4'''
|align=center| [[Duayaw Nkwanta]]
|align=center| 16,541
|align=center| 2013
|-
|align=center| '''5'''
|align=center|   [[Techimantia]]
|align=center| 
|align=center| 
|-
|align=center| '''6'''
|align=center| [[Kenyasi]]
|align=center| 
|align=center| 
|-
|align=center| '''7'''
|align=center| [[Hwidiem]]
|align=center| 
|align=center|
|}

==Qaybaha maamulka==
Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolka waa iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoostiisa, gobolka waxa loo qaybiyaa lix MMDA (oo ka kooban 0 degmooyin magaalo, 3 degmooyin maamul, iyo 3 gole caadi ah).&lt;ref name=&quot;GhanaDistricts-Ahafo&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ghana Districts - Ahafo |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617031734/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/12 |archive-date=17 June 2019 |access-date=10 March 2019 |website= |publisher=Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development}}&lt;/ref&gt; Degmo kasta, Golaha Degmada ama Magaalada, waxaa maamula Maamule sare, oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha laftooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota:

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Ahafo&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/ghana.aspx Brong-Ahafo Region]. Geohive.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! #
! Magaca MMDA
! Caasimad
! Nooca MMDA
! Maamulaha Sare
! Xubin Baarlamaan
!Xisbi
|- 
! 1
| [[Degmada Degmada Asunafo Woqooyi|Asunafo Woqooyi]]
| '''[[Goaso]]'''
| Degmada Maamulka
| Osei Yaw Boahen
| [[Evans Bobie Opoku]]
|NPP
|-
! 2
| [[Degmada Asunafo Koonfur|Asunafo Koonfur]]
| [[Kukuom]]
| Caadi
| Frank Aduse Poku
| [[Eric Opoku (siyaasi)|Eric Opoku]]
|NDC
|- 
! 3
| [[Degmada Asutifi Woqooyi|Asutifi Woqooyi]]
| [[Kenyasi]]
| Caadi
| Anthony Mensah
| [[Patrick Banor]]
|NPP
|-
! 4
| [[Degmada Asutifi Koonfur|Asutifi Koonfur]]
| [[Hwidiem]]
| Caadi
| Robert Mensah Dwomoh
| [[Collins Dauda]]
|NDC
|-
! 5
| [[Degmada Degmada Tano Woqooyi|Tano Woqooyi]]
| [[Duayaw Nkwanta]]
| Degmada Maamulka
| Ernest Kwarteng
| [[Freda Prempeh]]
|NPP
|-
! 6
| [[Degmada Degmada Tano Koonfur|Tano Koonfur]]
| [[Bechem]]
| Degmada Maamulka
| Collins Takyi Offinam
| [[Benjamin Yeboah Sekyere]] 
|NPP
|-
|}

==Taariikh==
[[Afti]] la qabtay 27 Diseembar 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Referendum: Massive YES votes for 6 new regions {{!}} General News 2018-12-28 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Referendum-Massive-YES-votes-for-6-new-regions-711692 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=GhanaWeb.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ayaa ansixisay abuurista Gobolka Ahafo. Wadarta guud ee 307,108 cod oo la diiwaan geliyay, 277,663 ayaa ka qayb galay aftida, iyadoo 276,763 (99.68 boqolkiiba) ay u codeeyeen abuurista gobolka cusub. 675 (0.24 boqolkiiba) ayaa diiday mooshinka, iyo 225 cod oo la diiday waxay matalayeen 0.08% wadarta codadka la dhiibtay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-12-28 |title=Referendum: 6 new regions get massive 'YES' votes |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/referendum-6-new-regions-get-massive-yes-votes/6l8qds7 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2018/12/29/all-six-proposed-regions-meet-constitutional-threshold-requirements-ec/|title=All six proposed regions meet constitutional threshold requirements – EC|date=29 December 2018|newspaper=Ghana Business News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|last=Zurek|first=Kweku|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gobolka waxaa la abuuray 13 Febraayo 2019 iyada oo la raacayo Qalabka Dastuuriga ah 114.&lt;ref name=&quot;GhanaDistricts-Ahafo&quot;/&gt; Goaso ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay caasimadda gobolka cusub.

==Dhaqaalaha==
Degganayaasha Gobolka Ahafo ayaa u badan beeralay soo saara dalagyo lacageed iyo dalagyo cunto labadaba. Dalagga lacageed ee ugu badan ee gobolka laga beero waa [[kakaa|kakaa]].

[[Muus]] iyo [[Casaaf]] waa dalagyada cuntada ee ugu muhiimsan ee laga soo saaro gobolka, waxaana dalagyadan beeraha ay inta badan ka yimaadaan deegaanada [[Sankore, Ghana |Sankore]], [[Kwadwo Addaikrom]], iyo '''Asumura'''.

Gobolku waxa uu hodan ku yahay khayraadka dabiiciga ah sida [[Dahab]], [[Dheeman]], iyo [[Qoryo]]. Kaydka dahabka ayaa ku badan qaybaha [[Mim, Ahafo|Mim]], [[Kenyasi]] iyo [[Yamfo]]. Newmont Gold Ghana Limited, oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha macdanta ee ugu waaweyn adduunka, ayaa hadda ka wada hawlgallada macdanta ee aagagga Kenyasi iyo Yamfo.

Gobolka Ahafo, oo ah mid ka mid ah suumanka kaynta ee Ghana, wuxuu leeyahay kayd kayn badan. Warshadaha qoryaha ayaa ah kan labaad ee ugu weyn ee shaqeeya gobolka. Waxaa jira shirkado qoryo waaweyn iyo kuwo dhexdhexaad ah oo ku baahsan gobolka. Waxaana shirkadaha qoryaha ee gobolka ka mid ah shirkadda Ayum Forest Products Co. Ltd,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-09-14 |title=Trade Minister inaugurates 5-member-board of revitalised Ayum Forest Product Ltd - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/trade-minister-inaugurates-5-member-board-of-revitalised-ayum-forest-product-ltd/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=MyJoyonline |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Exbo wood Co. Ltd, Ocean-wood Co. Ltd,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ocean Wood Ghana Company Limited is an Exporter in Ghana {{!}} Bill of Lading Data of Ocean Wood Ghana Company Limited |url=https://www.exportgenius.in/ocean-wood-ghana-company-limited-exporter-in-ghana |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=exportgenius india }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; iyo Supremo-wood processing Co LTD''',''' dhammaantood ku yaalla [[Mim, Ahafo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nartey |first=Laud |date=24 November 2020 |title=Rising youth population means more job opportunities should be created – Bawumia |url=https://3news.com/rising-youth-population-means-more-job-opportunities-should-be-created-bawumia/ |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=3news}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gobolka Ahafo waxaa loo yaqaanaa inuu yahay dambiisha cuntada ee Ghana. Nooca ciidda ee gobolka ayaa taageera wax soo saarka dalagyada cuntada iyo lacagta labadaba. Gobolka waxaa loo yaqaanaa wax soo saarka weyn ee [[kakaa|kakaa]] iyo [[cashew]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Segbefia |first=Sedem |date=2021-08-02 |title=GCX targets 20,000MT raw cashew for auction next season |url=https://thebftonline.com/2021/08/02/gcx-targets-20000mt-raw-cashew-for-auction-next-season/ |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2023-10-05 |newspaper=[[Business and Financial Times]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shirkadda ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka beeraha ee gobolka waa shirkadda Mim Cashew &amp; Agric Products company LTD, oo ku taal Mim, Ahafo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mim Cashew implementing new strategies to revamp operations |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=BusinessGhana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Dalxiiska==
Goobaha dalxiiska ee Gobolka Ahafo waa:
* [[Mim Bour]] (dhagaxa Mim) ee [[Mim, Ahafo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=Destination |date=2022-12-29 |title=Top 10 Tourist Sites in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana |url=https://visitandtourghana.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-ghanas-brong-ahafo-region-you-should-visit/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Destination Ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324054824/https://visitandtourghana.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-ghanas-brong-ahafo-region-you-should-visit/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tourist Sites &amp; Attractions in Ghana by Region - Myshsrank |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/tourtist-attractions-in-ghana-by-region |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=MyShsrank. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mim Lake]] sidoo kale ku yaalla [[Mim, Ahafo]]
* Kaydka White-necked Rockfowl ee Asumura
* Geedka Okomfo Anokye ee Sankore

== Juqraafiga iyo cimilada ==

=== Goobta iyo cabbirka ===
Gobolka Ahafo waxaa xuduud la leh woqooyiga [[Gobolka Bono]], bari waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Ashanti]], galbeedka waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Bono]], koonfurta waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Western North]], waxaana ka kooban 6 degmo.

=== Cimilada iyo dhirta ===
Gobolka Ahafo waa qayb ka mid ah suunka kaynta ee Ghana waxaana uu leeyahay dhir ka kooban carradii bacrinka ahayd iyo daaqsin, gaar ahaan [[savanna]] oo leh kooxo geedo u adkaysta abaaraha sida [[Adansonia digitata|baobabs]] ama [[acacia]]s. Inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo Abriil waa [[xilliga qalalan]]. [[Xilliga roobka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa qiyaastii Luulyo iyo Noofambar, iyadoo celceliska roobka sanadlaha ah uu yahay 750 ilaa 1050&amp;nbsp;mm (30 ilaa 40&amp;nbsp;inji). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa dhammaadka xilliga qalalan; kuwa ugu hooseeya waa Diseembar iyo Janaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabaysha kulul ee [[Harmattan]] ee ka timaada saxaraha ayaa si joogto ah u dhacda inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo bilowga Febraayo. Heerkulku wuu kala duwanaan karaa inta u dhaxaysa 14&amp;nbsp;°C (59&amp;nbsp;°F) habeenkii iyo 40&amp;nbsp;°C (104&amp;nbsp;°F) maalintii.{{clear left}}

==Sidoo kale eeg==
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Goaso]]

== Tixraac ==
{{reflist}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = &lt;!--[[File:Flag of Volta Region.png|25px|link=Volta Region]]--&gt; Ahafo
|North     = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]]
|Northeast = [[Gobolka Ashanti]]
|East      = [[Gobolka Ashanti]]
|Southeast = [[Gobolka Ashanti]]
|South     = [[Gobolka Western North|Western North]]
|Southwest = [[Gobolka Western North|Western North]]
|West      = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]]&lt;br&gt;[[Gobolka Western North|Western North]]
|Northwest = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]]
}}
{{coord|7|00|N|2|27|W|display=title|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}}

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|image_coa            =
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|50|N|13|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          =Daberkow_in_VG.svg
|image_photo = Daberkow Kirche Nordseite.JPG
|imagesize = 
|image_caption = Kaniisadda tuulada ee Daberkow
|state        = 
|district         = Vorpommern-Greifswald
|Amt               = Jarmen-Tutow
|elevation              = 19
|area            = 15.39
|postal_code               = 17129
|area_code           = 039991
|licence               = DM
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 023
|divisions        = 3
|website           = [https://www.jarmen.de/ www.jarmen.de]
|mayor     = Gerd-Heinrich Kröchert
}}

'''Daberkow''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. Dadkeedu sanadka 2021 waxay ahaayeen 329.

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Dachsberg</title>
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|image_coa            = Wappen Dachsberg Suedschwarzwald.png
|coordinates          = {{coord|47|43|47|N|08|05|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_photo          = Wittenschwand Andreaskapelle.jpg
|image_plan           = Dachsberg (Südschwarzwald) in WT.svg
|state                = 
|region               = Freiburg
|district             = Waldshut
|elevation            = 842
|area                 = 35.6
|postal_code          = 79875
|area_code            = 07672, 07755
|licence              = WT
|Gemeindeschlüssel    = 08 3 37 027
|website              = [http://www.dachsberg.de/ www.dachsberg.de]
|mayor                = Stephan Bücheler&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 15 September 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term          = 2019&amp;ndash;27
}}

'''Dachsberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈdaksbɛʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Waldshut (district)|Waldshut]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
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|image_photo        = Dachsenhausen2.jpg
|image_coa             = DEU Dachsenhausen COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|15|15.37|N|7|43|36.34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Dachsenhausen in EMS.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Loreley
|elevation               = 380
|area             = 10.17
|postal_code                = 56340
|area_code            = 06776
|licence                = EMS, DIZ, GOH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 023
|website           = [http://www.dachsenhausen.de/ www.dachsenhausen.de]
|mayor             = Mathias Schaefer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             =
}}

'''Dachsenhausen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Rhein-Lahn|Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


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    <title>Dachwig</title>
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|image_photo       =
|image_coa            =
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|4|N|10|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Dachwig in GTH.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Gotha
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Fahner Höhe
|elevation              = 172
|area            = 12.66
|postal_code               = 99100
|area_code           = 036206
|licence               = GTH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 67 009
|mayor             = Volker Aschenbach&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&amp;wJahr=0000&amp;zeigeErg=LAND&amp;auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2022&amp;ndash;28
|party             = SPD
}}

'''Dachwig''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Gotha (district)|Gotha]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


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|type                =
|image_photo        =
|imagesize          =
|image_caption      =
|image_coa             = DEU Dackscheid COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|49|56|46.8|N|06|28|58.36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Dackscheid in BIT.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Arzfeld
|elevation               = 240
|area             = 2.93
|postal_code                = 54634
|area_code            = 06561
|licence                = BIT
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 017
|website           = [http://www.dackscheid.eu/ www.dackscheid.eu]
|mayor             = Matthias Knauf&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             =
}}

'''Dackscheid''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
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|image_photo = Kloster Oberschönenfeld-15.jpg
|image_caption = Oberschönenfeld Abbey
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|20|N|10|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Gessertshausen in A.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Schwaben
|district         = Augsburg
|elevation              = 478
|area            = 41.34
|postal_code               = 86459
|area_code           = 08238
|licence               = A
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 72 148
|mayor             = Jürgen Mögele&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 19 October 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2022&amp;ndash;28
|party             = CSU
|website           = [http://www.gessertshausen.de www.gessertshausen.de]
}}

'''Gessertshausen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Augsburg (district)|Augsburg]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Schmutter]].

==Tixraacyada==
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      <text bytes="1319" sha1="d3mjaph8095wnhbrm8uy02oqe2nrg5c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|name               = Gilzem
|type                = 
|image_photo        = 
|imagesize          = 
|image_caption      = 
|image_coa            = Wappen Gilzem.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|52|07|N|6|31|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Gilzem in BIT.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Südeifel
|elevation              = 320-410
|area            = 4.98
|postal_code               = 54298
|area_code           = 06506
|licence               = BIT
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 225
|website           = [http://www.suedeifelinfo.de/index.php/2014-04-02-10-51-07/gemeinden-der-vg-suedeifel Gilzem at site www.suedeifelinfo.de]
|mayor             = Martina Thies&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister
|party             = 
}}
'''Gilzem''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* [http://gilzemer.de/ private website from and dedicated to Gilzem]


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  <page>
    <title>Gleina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>51999</id>
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      <id>307791</id>
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      <text bytes="1292" sha1="2p0d28ws2giksd5uimidhopif79pbzf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|16|N|11|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Gleina in BLK.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Burgenlandkreis
|Verbandsgemeinde = Unstruttal
|elevation              = 205
|area            = 29.58
|postal_code       = 06632
|area_code         = 034462
|licence           = BLK
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 84 150
|website           = [http://www.freyburg-info.de/ www.freyburg-info.de]
|mayor             = Florian Schüler&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2022&amp;ndash;29
|party             = CDU
}}

'''Gleina''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡlaɪna}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Burgenlandkreis]], ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany]]. Laga soo bilaabo 2009 waxay ku dartay [[Baumersroda]] iyo [[Ebersroda]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-januar-dezmber.html Gebietsänderungen vom 02. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Gleiritsch</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52000</id>
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| image_photo = Gleiritsch_04_Mai_2014_01.JPG
|image_coa            = DEU Gleiritsch COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|30|N|12|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Gleiritsch in SAD.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Oberpfalz
|district         = Schwandorf
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Oberviechtach
|elevation              = 493
|area            = 10.94
|postal_code               = 92723
|area_code           = 0 96 55
|licence               = SAD
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 76 131
|website           = [http://www.gleiritsch.de/ www.gleiritsch.de]
|mayor             = Josef Pretzl&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = 
}}
'''Gleiritsch''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡlaɪʁɪtʃ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Grabenstätt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52001</id>
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      <text bytes="1095" sha1="5xlurdflo9p9j21r3wp8riuwotc2nle" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Grabenstätt COA.svg
|image_photo = Grabenstätt Kirche.jpg
|image_caption = Kaniisadda St. Maximilian
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|43|N|12|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Grabenstätt in TS.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Oberbayern
|district         = Traunstein
|elevation              = 526
|area            = 37.81
|postal_code               = 83355
|area_code           = 08661
|licence               = TS
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 89 119
|website           = [http://www.grabenstaett.de/ www.grabenstaett.de]
|mayor             = Gerhard Wirnshofer&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = 
}}
'''Grabenstätt''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Traunstein (district)|Traunstein]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

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    <title>Gramzow</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52002</id>
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      <text bytes="2238" sha1="tbww6iz48ikaocvkktjhpl73ej9hi20" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa             = 
|coordinates        = {{coord|53.21667|14.00|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan           = Gramzow in UM.png
|state         = 
|district          = Uckermark
|Amt                = Gramzow
|elevation               = 65
|area             = 65.67
|postal_code                = 17291
|area_code            = 039861
|licence                = UM
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 73 225
|website           = [http://www.amtgramzow.de/ www.amtgramzow.de]
|mayor             = Uwe Koch&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12073000 Landkreis Uckermark Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 10 July 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;29
}}
'''Gramzow''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Uckermark]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]].

== Duruufaha Dadweynaha ==
[[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Gramzow.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarinta Dadweynaha tan iyo 1875 gudaha Xuduudaha Hadda (Xariqda Buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Xariqda Dhibco Dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee Gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Grey: Waqtiga xukunka Nazi; Asalka Cas: Waqtiga xukunka Shuuciga)]]

{{historical populations
|align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr
|title = Gramzow: Horumarinta dadweynaha &lt;br&gt;gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2017)&lt;ref&gt;Xogaha faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Qorshaha Dadweynaha Brandenburg ee Wikimedia Commons]&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1875 | 4066
| 1890 | 3829
| 1910 | 3669
| 1925 | 3682
| 1933 | 3420
| 1939 | 3328
| 1946 | 4173
| 1950 | 4548
| 1964 | 3529
| 1971 | 3421
| 1981 | 2699
| 1985 | 2513
| 1989 | 2365
| 1990 | 2328
| 1991 | 2280
| 1992 | 2233
| 1993 | 2232
| 1994 | 2238
| 1995 | 2252
| 1996 | 2228
| 1997 | 2237
| 1998 | 2261
| 1999 | 2254
| 2000 | 2233
| 2001 | 2220
| 2002 | 2177
| 2003 | 2145
| 2004 | 2147
| 2005 | 2110
| 2006 | 2048
| 2007 | 2081
| 2008 | 2057
| 2009 | 1997
| 2010 | 1986
| 2011 | 1972
| 2012 | 1950
| 2013 | 1923
| 2014 | 1918
| 2015 | 1901
| 2016 | 1897
| 2017 | 1856
| 2018 | 1836
| 2019 | 1800
}}

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Grauel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52003</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307801</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:29:04Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="724" sha1="ru482heh3h93cgjn10p05izkpc5l3zx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = DEU Grauel COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|54|4|N|9|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Grauel in RD.png
|state        = 
|district             = Rendsburg-Eckernförde
|Amt               = Mittelholstein
|elevation              = 19
|area            = 5.73
|postal_code               = 24594
|area_code           = 04871
|licence               = RD
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 062
|website           = 
|mayor     = Friedrich Flügge
|party            =
}}

'''Grauel''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


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  <page>
    <title>Heidenau</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52004</id>
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      <text bytes="1965" sha1="gtiud4uba8gh3snqo7rikv03vkph5g1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type               = Stadt
|name              = Heidenau
|image_skyline = Rathaus Heidenau.jpg
|image_caption = Xarunta dowladda hoose
|image_coa            = DEU Heidenau (Sachsen) COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|59|N|13|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Heidenau in PIR.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
|elevation              = 113
|area            = 11.07
|postal_code               = 01801–01809
|area_code           = 03529
|licence               = PIR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 14628160
|website           = [http://www.heidenau.de/ www.heidenau.de]
|mayor             = Jürgen Opitz&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2019-wahlergebnisse.php Wahlergebnisse 2019], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CDU
}}

'''Heidenau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhaɪdənaʊ|-|De-Heidenau.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge]], ee [[Saxony|Sachsen]], [[Germany]]. Magaalada waxay ku taal xeebta bidix ee webiga [[Elbe]], 13&amp;nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Dresden]] (bartamaha).

Sanadkii 2015, waxay caan ku noqotay rabshado ay sameeyeen xoogagga maxalliga ah ee garabka midig oo ka soo horjeeday imaatinka qaxootiga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34038557 |title = Clashes at Germany's Heidenau asylum centre alarm government |work = BBC News |date = 24 August 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishii Agoosto 2015, maamulayaashu waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay soo rogaan xayiraad ku meel gaar ah oo ku saabsan isu-tagyada Heidenau sababtoo ah dhibaateynta joogtada ah ee loo geysanayo dadka magangalyo-doonka ah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86I4ZMFD1a8|title = Brennpunkt Heidenau: Heftige Kritik|website = [[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyada==
{{reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
* {{commons category-inline|Heidenau}}

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  <page>
    <title>Heilbach</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52005</id>
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|name              = Heilbach
|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|03|30|N|6|17|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Heilbach in BIT.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Südeifel
|elevation              = 468
|area            = 6.48
|postal_code               = 54673
|area_code           = 06564
|licence               = BIT
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 047
|website           = [http://www.suedeifelinfo.de/index.php/2014-04-02-10-51-07/gemeinden-der-vg-suedeifel Heilbach at site www.suedeifelinfo.de]
|mayor             = Peter Trauden&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}
'''Heilbach''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

==Xiriirinta dibadda==
*[http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/heilbach/-/id=100766/did=2357010/nid=100766/177ufw0/index.html TV portrait of Heilbach] broadcast by [[Südwestrundfunk]] {{in lang|de}}


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  <page>
    <title>Heiligenstedten</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52006</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:36:25Z</timestamp>
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|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = DEU Heiligenstedten COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|56|N|9|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Heiligenstedten in IZ.png
|state        = 
|district             = Steinburg
|Amt               = Itzehoe-Land
|elevation              = 4
|area            = 8.96
|postal_code               = 25524
|area_code           = 04821
|licence               = IZ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 034
|website           = [http://www.amtitzehoe-land.de/ www.amtitzehoe-&lt;br /&gt;land.de]
|mayor     = Peter Rakowski-Dammann
|party            =
}}

'''Heiligenstedten''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


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  <page>
    <title>Heimertingen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52007</id>
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|image_coa            = DEU Heimertingen COA.svg
|image_caption = Waddada Ulm ee Heimertingen
|image_photo = Boos1.jpg
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|2|N|10|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Heimertingen in MN.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Schwaben
|district         = Unterallgäu
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Boos, Bavaria
|elevation              = 579
|area            = 13.88
|postal_code               = 87751
|area_code           = 08335
|licence               = MN
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 78 150
|website           = [http://www.vg-boos.de www.vg-boos.de]
|mayor             = Josef Wechsel&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = 
}}

'''Heimertingen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Unterallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. Degmadu waxay xiriir [[Municipal association (Germany)|maamul]] ah la leedahay [[Boos, Bavaria|Boos]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}


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  <page>
    <title>Heinbockel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52008</id>
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|image_flag           = Hissflagge der Gemeinde Heinbockel.svg
|image_coa            = DEU Heinbockel COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|34|19|N|09|20|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Heinbockel_in_STD.png
|state        = 
|district         = Stade
|Samtgemeinde      = Oldendorf-Himmelpforten
|elevation              = 15
|area            = 22.7
|postal_code               = 21726
|area_code           = 04144, 04149
|licence               = STD
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 59 024
|divisions        = 2 
|website           = [http://www.samtgemeinde-oldendorf.de/ www.samtgemeinde-oldendorf.de]
|mayor     = Andreas Haack
}}

'''Heinbockel''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Stade (district)|Stade]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]].

Heinbockel waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]], oo la aasaasay 1180. Sanadkii 1648 Amiir-Archbishopric-kii waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], kaas oo markii ugu horreysay ay xukumaysay [[personal union]] oo ka timid Boqortooyada Iswiidhan - oo ay kala dhex-gashay qabsashadii Denmak (1712-1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa xukumaysay Boqortooyada [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]]. Sanadkii 1807 [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Boqortooyada gaaban ee Westphalia]] ayaa ku dartay Duchy-ga, ka hor intaysan [[First French Empire|Faransiiska]] qabsanin 1810. Sanadkii 1813 Duchy-ga waxaa loo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], taas oo - ka dib markii loo asteeyay [[Kingdom of Hanover|Boqortooyada Hanover]] 1814 - ku dartay Duchy-ga urur dhab ah [[real union]] oo dhulkii Duchy-ga, oo uu ku jiro Heinbockel, uu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Gobolka Stade]] ee cusub, kaas oo la aasaasay 1823.

==Tixraacyada==
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Heinersbrück</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52009</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307807</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:41:04Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="2729" sha1="qh8wy83hzgwbkdhcvl07mvvhsy9se2v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|name = Heinersbrück
|German_name       = Móst &lt;!-- Sorbian name --&gt;
|image_coa            = Wappen Heinersbrueck.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|49|59|N|14|30|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|pop_demonym={{langx|de|Heinersbrücker}}&lt;br/&gt;{{langx|dsb|Mósćanaŕ}} (m.), {{lang|dsb|Mósćanarka}} (f.)|image_plan          = Heinersbrück in SPN.png
|state        = 
|district         = Spree-Neiße
|Amt               = Peitz
|elevation              = 62
|area            = 23.69
|postal_code               = 03185
|area_code           = 035601
|licence               = SPN
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 71 176
|mayor             = Horst Nattke&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12071000 Landkreis Spree-Neiße Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 10 July 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;29
}}
'''Heinersbrück''' (Sorbian: '''Móst''') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Spree-Neiße]], ee [[Lower Lusatia]], [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]].

==Taariikhda==
Laga bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1947, Heinersbrück waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Prussia|Gobolka]] [[Prussia|Prussian]] ee [[Province of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]]. Laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990, waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Bezirk Cottbus]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]].

== Duruufaha Dadweynaha ==
[[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Heinersbrück.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarinta dadweynaha tan iyo 1875 gudaha xuduudaha hadda (Xariqda Buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Xariqda Dhibco Dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga Horumarinta dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Grey: Waqtiga [[Nazi Germany|Jarmalka Nazi]]; Asalka Cas: Waqtiga [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]] ee shuuciga)]]

{{historical populations
|align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr
|title = Heinersbrück: Horumarinta dadweynaha &lt;br&gt;gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2013)&lt;ref&gt;Xogaha faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Qorshaha Dadweynaha Brandenburg ee Wikimedia Commons]&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1875 | 962
| 1890 | 1034
| 1910 | 1087
| 1925 | 1050
| 1933 | 1011
| 1939 | 1124
| 1946 | 1097
| 1950 | 1122
| 1964 | 937
| 1971 | 910
| 1981 | 794
| 1985 | 768
| 1989 | 751
| 1990 | 746
| 1991 | 717
| 1992 | 689
| 1993 | 660
| 1994 | 656
| 1995 | 656
| 1996 | 655
| 1997 | 643
| 1998 | 696
| 1999 | 693
| 2000 | 707
| 2001 | 695
| 2002 | 716
| 2003 | 704
| 2004 | 691
| 2005 | 687
| 2006 | 683
| 2007 | 668
| 2008 | 652
| 2009 | 642
| 2010 | 632
| 2011 | 621
| 2012 | 621
| 2013 | 608
| 2014 | 598
| 2015 | 602
| 2016 | 580
}}

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Helpsen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52010</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307808</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:42:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="686" sha1="hlhia5dme6t9vrecy9svmcqos5ov6gb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|18|39|N|09|07|01|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Helpsen in SHG.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Schaumburg
|Samtgemeinde      = Nienstädt
|elevation              = 58
|area            = 7.77
|postal_code               = 31691
|area_code           = 05724
|licence               = SHG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 57 013
|website            = [http://www.helpsen.de/ www.helpsen.de]
|mayor      = Adolf Neitsch
|party             = SPD
}}

'''Helpsen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Schaumburg]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Helse</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52011</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307809</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:44:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <origin>307809</origin>
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      <text bytes="851" sha1="ih697ilqexxuzi3oxxxd78rko5j53tz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = 
|image_flag           = Flagge Helse.png
|image_coa            = DEU Helse COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|58|N|9|1|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Helse in HEI.png
|state        = 
|district             = Dithmarschen
|Amt               = Marne-Nordsee
|elevation              = 4
|area            = 11.44
|postal_code               = 25709
|area_code           = 04851
|licence               = HEI
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 046
|divisions        = 9 
|website           = [http://www.amt-marne-nordsee.de/ www.amt-marne-nordsee.de]
|mayor     = Hans-Hermann Meier
|party            = SPD
}}

'''Helse''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɛlzə}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hemdingen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52012</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307810</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:46:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>307810</origin>
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      <text bytes="779" sha1="bgvicpt3vdhqry4cx0l0u75zthu5xcw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = DEU Hemdingen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|45|54|N|9|50|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hemdingen in PI.svg
|state        = 
|district             = Pinneberg
|Amt               = Rantzau
|elevation              = 21
|area            = 16.42
|postal_code               = 25485
|area_code           = 04106, 04120, 04123, 04127
|licence               = PI
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 56 026
|website           = [https://www.hemdingen.de/ www.hemdingen.de]
|mayor     = Bernd Sommer
|party            =
}}

'''Hemdingen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Pinneberg (district)|Pinneberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hemhofen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52013</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307811</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:48:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <origin>307811</origin>
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      <text bytes="1096" sha1="ke1ycou65iywxytseutci9svc6atyf5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location      
|name              = Hemhofen
|type              = Gemeinde
|image_photo = SchlossHemhofen2.jpg
|image_caption = Qasriga Hemhofen
|image_coa            = DEU Hemhofen COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|41|N|10|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hemhofen in ERH.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Mittelfranken
|district         = Erlangen-Höchstadt
|elevation              = 318
|area            = 6.77
|postal_code               = 91334
|area_code           = 09195
|licence               = ERH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09572130
|website           = [http://www.hemhofen.de www.hemhofen.de]
|mayor             = Ludwig Nagel&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
}}
'''Hemhofen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Erlangen-Höchstadt]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. 

==Tixraacyada==
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hemme</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52014</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307812</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:50:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <origin>307812</origin>
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      <text bytes="848" sha1="16rp1vytmywdv10myv4oncq2gjov9d6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = 
|image_flag           = Flagge Hemme.png
|image_coa            = DEU Hemme COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|54|16|N|9|1|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Hemme in HEI.PNG
|state        = 
|district             = Dithmarschen
|Amt               = KLG Eider
|elevation              = 2
|area            = 16.53
|postal_code               = 25774
|area_code           = 04837, 04882
|licence               = HEI
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 047
|divisions        = 3 
|website           = [http://www.amt-eider.de/ www.amt-eider.de]
|mayor     = Hans-Peter Witt
|party            = 
}}

'''Hemme''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɛmə|-|De-hemme.ogg}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
&lt;references/&gt;

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hemmelzen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52015</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307813</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:52:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <origin>307813</origin>
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      <text bytes="1351" sha1="jks6vxyuon2lc4yimhhza2wd4s09wjg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type                = Ortsgemeinde
|image_coa             = DEU Hemmelzen COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|41|30|N|7|34|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hemmelzen in AK.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Altenkirchen
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld
|elevation               = 220 
|area             = 2.83
|postal_code                = 57612
|area_code            = 02681
|licence                = AK
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 049
|website           = {{url|https://www.vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de/gemeinde-politik/uebersicht-ortsgemeinden/hemmelzen|vg-altenkirchen-flammersfeld.de}}
|mayor             = Harald Bischoff&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
}}

'''Hemmelzen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]].

== Xiriirinta gaadiidka ==
Hemmelzen waxaa adeegga u fidiya khadadka baska maxalliga ah ee lambarro 251 iyo 252 waxayna ku taal ururka gaadiidka Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM), ee aagga lambarkiisu yahay 911.

==Tixraacyada==
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hemmersheim</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52016</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307814</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:53:31Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>307814</origin>
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      <text bytes="1052" sha1="b954gnda0589gil1thuuegne8e052vl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Hemmersheim COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|34|N|10|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hemmersheim in NEA.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Mittelfranken
|district         = Neustadt a.d.Aisch-Bad Windsheim
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Uffenheim
|elevation              = 389
|area            = 23.86
|postal_code               = 97258
|area_code           = 09848
|licence               = NEA
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 75 130
|divisions         = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e
|mayor             = Karl Ballmann&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = 
}}

'''Hemmersheim''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hentern</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52017</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307816</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:55:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>307816</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1162" sha1="9hnaq3hm7o55f2sfnl45s1unbek4y1l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type                = Ortsgemeinde
|image_coa             = DEU Hentern COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|49|37|2.4|N|6|41|36.47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hentern in TR.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Trier-Saarburg
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Saarburg-Kell
|elevation               = 340 
|area             = 6.15
|postal_code                = 54314
|area_code            = 06587
|licence                = TR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 043
|website           = [http://www.hentern.de/ www.hentern.de]
|mayor             = Michael Marx&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
}}

'''Hentern''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]].

==Taariikhda==
Laga bilaabo 18 Luulyo 1946 ilaa 6 Juun 1947 Hentern, xuduuda maamulkeedii waqtigaas, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Saar (protectorate)|Saar Protectorate]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hepberg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52018</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307817</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:56:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>307817</origin>
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      <text bytes="1031" sha1="bl75iaw65uyah8lcuqdjgq837cfp417" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Hepberg COA.svg
|image_photo = Hepberg EI 015.jpg
|image_caption = Xarunta dowladda hoose
|coordinates       = {{coord|48|49|N|11|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hepberg in EI.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Oberbayern
|district         = Eichstätt
|elevation              = 430
|area            = 4.16
|postal_code               = 85120
|area_code           = 08456
|licence               = EI
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 76 131
|website           = https://www.hepberg.de/
|mayor             = Raimund Lindner&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = 
}}

'''Hepberg''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Eichstätt (district)|Eichstätt]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka Jarmalka.

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Herbstmühle</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52019</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307818</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T04:58:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>307818</origin>
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      <text bytes="1204" sha1="o5qa9qzdylps7bmlgylopz7htkqlwhd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|name               = Herbstmühle 
|image_photo        =  
|image_coa             = DEU Herbstmühle COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|00|10|N|06|13|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan           = Herbstmühle in BIT.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Südeifel
|elevation               = 377 
|area             = 2.15
|postal_code                = 54673
|area_code            = 06524
|licence                = BIT
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 049
|website           = [http://www.suedeifelinfo.de/index.php/2014-04-02-10-51-07/gemeinden-der-vg-suedeifel Herbstmühle at site www.suedeifelinfo.de]
|mayor             = Bruno Schoos&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}

'''Herbstmühle''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɛʁpstˌmyːlə}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Herbstmuhle}}</text>
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    <title>Herdorf</title>
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      <text bytes="2262" sha1="nbebpy8asjt2vfk94slhn0vse4vdo10" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type               = Stadt
|image_coa            = Wappen herdorf.jpg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|46|39|N|7|57|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Herdorf in AK.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Altenkirchen
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Daaden-Herdorf
|elevation              = 290
|area            = 17.99
|postal_code               = 57562
|area_code           = 02744
|licence               = AK
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 050
|divisions         = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e
|website           = [http://www.herdorf.de www.herdorf.de]
|mayor             = Uwe Erner&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
}}

'''Herdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɛʁdɔʁf|-|De-Herdorf.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Altenkirchen (district)|Altenkirchen]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa webiga [[Heller River|Heller]], qiyaas ahaan 20 km koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Siegen]].

==Gaadiidka==
[[File:Bahnhof Herdorf, 5, Herdorf, Herdorf-Daaden, Landkreis Altenkirchen.jpg|thumb|right|Saldhigga tareenka ee Herdorf]]
[[File:Haltepunkt Königsstollen, 3, Herdorf, Herdorf-Daaden, Landkreis Altenkirchen.jpg|thumb|Joogsiga Königsstollen ee khadka RB96]]
Saldhigga ''Herdorf'' iyo joogsiga ''Sassenroth'' iyo joogsiga Königsstollen waxay ku yaalliin khadka tareenka ee [[Betzdorf–Haiger railway]] (RB96) ee [[DreiLänderBahn]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Hessische Landesbahn]] (HLB).

Waxaa también jiray adeeg khad laantiisa ah oo ka yimid Herdorf oo sii maraya [[Neunkirchen (Siegerland)|Neunkirchen]] ilaa Unterwalden kaas oo maanta aan shaqaynayn.

Herdorf waxay sidoo kale haysataa marin ay u leedahay gaadiidka basaska dadweynaha ee loogu adeego khadadka 278, 295, R23 iyo N73.

Magaaladu waxay ku taal aagga ururka gaadiidka ee Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM), ee lambarka aagga qiimaha 931.

==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah — walaalaha ah==
Herdorf waa [[town twinning|mataan]] la ah:

* {{flagicon|France}} [[Saint-Laurent-du-Pont]], Faransiiska (1982)

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>nbebpy8asjt2vfk94slhn0vse4vdo10</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Herforst</title>
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|name               = Herforst
|type                = 
|image_photo        = 
|imagesize          = 
|image_caption      = 
|image_coa            = Wappen herforst.gif
|coordinates        = {{coord|49|56|42|N|6|41|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Herforst in BIT.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Speicher
|elevation              = 320 
|area            = 3.75
|postal_code               = 54662
|area_code           = 06562
|licence               = BIT
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 050
|website           = [http://www.herforst.de/ www.herforst.de]
|mayor             = Sigrid Heinemann&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = SPD
}}
'''Herforst''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

* Karl E. Becker: ''Speicher. Raum und Zeit''. Paulinus, Trier 1981, S. 373–399.
* Heimat- und Kulturverein Herforst &quot;Heerbischda Beschkläpa&quot; (Hrsg.): ''Auf den Spuren der Langmauer. Östliches Teilstück''. Weiler, Bitburg 2004.

==Xiriirinta dibadda==


{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hergersweiler</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = DEU Hergersweiler COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|49|05|54|N|8|05|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hergersweiler in SÜW.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Südliche Weinstraße
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Bad Bergzabern
|elevation              = 140 
|area            = 1.8
|postal_code               = 76872
|area_code           = 06349
|licence               = SÜW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 37 037
|website           = [https://hergersweiler.de/ hergersweiler.de]
|mayor             = Helmut Heib&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}

'''Hergersweiler''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɛʁɡɐsvaɪlɐ}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Südliche Weinstraße]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>byvvi3x47o0lshl7fwm8ximqipa9owi</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Hergisdorf</title>
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|image_photo       = 
|image_coa         = Wappen Hergisdorf.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|32|N|11|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hergisdorf in MSH.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Mansfeld-Südharz
|Verbandsgemeinde= Mansfelder Grund-Helbra
|elevation              = 185
|area            = 9.54
|postal_code       = 06313
|area_code         = 034772
|licence           = MSH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 87 210
|website           = [https://www.verwaltungsamt-helbra.de/ www.verwaltungsamt-helbra.de]
|mayor             = Jürgen Colawo&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2022&amp;ndash;29
}}

'''Hergisdorf''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Mansfeld-Südharz]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


{{authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>3lew2kj7gorou5eyoxjewtn6o74citg</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Herzfeld</title>
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|name               = Herzfeld
|type                =
|image_photo        =
|imagesize          =
|image_caption      =
|image_coa             = 
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|07|59|N|06|12|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan           = Herzfeld in BIT.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Arzfeld
|elevation               = 499
|area             = 2.67
|postal_code                = 54619
|area_code            = 06559
|licence                = BIT
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 240
|website           = [https://www.herzfeld-net.de/ www.herzfeld-net.de]
|mayor             = Edgar Richarz&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}

'''Herzfeld''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


{{authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>lua65nld1ouavl3trici4c15oqhxlz0</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Herzhorn</title>
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    <id>52025</id>
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      <text bytes="1009" sha1="hfhwxj7930t6wt6v09lcroj1m63fl1f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = 
|image_coa            = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|47|26|N|9|29|3|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Herzhorn in IZ.png
|state        = 
|district             = Steinburg
|Amt               = Horst-Herzhorn
|elevation              = 1
|area            = 12.43
|postal_code               = 25379
|area_code           = 04124, 04128
|licence               = IZ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 037
|website           = [http://www.amt-horst-herzhorn.de/ www.amt-horst-herzhorn.de]
|mayor     = Wolfgang Glißmann
|party            = 
}}

'''Herzhorn''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa u dhow webiga [[Elbe]], qiyaas ahaan 4 km bari ka xigta [[Glückstadt]], iyo 15 km koonfur ka xigta [[Itzehoe]].

Herzhorn waxay ahayd xaruntii hore ee [[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]] (&quot;degmada wadajirka ah&quot;) ee [[Herzhorn (Amt)|Herzhorn]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>hfhwxj7930t6wt6v09lcroj1m63fl1f</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Herzlake</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Herzlake COA.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|42|N|07|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Herzlake in EL.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Emsland
|Samtgemeinde      = Herzlake
|elevation              = 25
|area            = 49.77
|postal_code               = 49770
|area_code           = 05962
|licence               = EL
|divisions        = 5 [[Ortsteil]]e
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 54 021
|mayor     = Hans Bösken
|party            = CDU
}}

'''Herzlake''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Emsland]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]].

== Tuulooyinka ku yaal Herzlake ==

* Bookhof
* Felsen
* Herzlake
* Neuenlande
* Westrum

{{Cities and towns in Emsland (district)}}

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}Xiriirinta Dibadda

* [http://webgerman.com/Notgeld/Directory/H/Herzlake.htm Herzlake Notgeld] (Waraaqaha lacagta degdegga ah) 
{{Authority control}}</text>
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    <title>Hesel</title>
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|image_coa            = DEU Hesel COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|18|N|7|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hesel in LER.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Leer
|Samtgemeinde      = Hesel
|elevation              = 12-17
|area            = 44.02
|postal_code               = 26835
|area_code           = 0 49 50
|licence               = LER
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 57 010
|website           = [https://www.hesel.de/ www.hesel.de]
|mayor     = Heiko Müller
|party            = CDU
}}
'''Hesel''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Leer (district)|Leer]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaas ahaan {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} waqooyi-bari ee [[Leer, Lower Saxony|Leer]], iyo {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} bari ka xigta [[Emden]].

Hesel sidoo kale waa xaruntii ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' (&quot;degmada wadajirka ah&quot;) ee [[Hesel (Samtgemeinde)|Hesel]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>01yx1d1hwcuxrn3xtqc0lnl2mghmm9i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hespe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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|image_coa            = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|20|1|N|9|6|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hespe in SHG.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Schaumburg
|Samtgemeinde      = Nienstädt
|elevation              = 53
|area            = 6.49
|postal_code               = 31693
|area_code           = 05721, 05722, 05724
|licence               = SHG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 57 014
|divisions         = 
|website            = 
|mayor      = Werner Vehling
|party             = SPD
}}

'''Hespe''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Schaumburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}</text>
      <sha1>0zek7bg4a9jpsi4sy3s6sxd8d951jfv</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Hillersleben</title>
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|type          = Ortsteil
|Municipality  = [[Westheide]]
|Lageplan      = Hillersleben in Westheide.png
|Lageplanbeschreibung = Hillersleben in Westheide
|image_photo   = Klosterkirche Hillersleben von SudWesten gesehen 2014-07.jpg
|image_caption = Kaniisadda St. Laurentius ee khaasnimadii hore ee dumiyada Benedictine ee Hillersleben
|image_coa     = DE-ST 15-0-83-557 Hillersleben COA.png
|coordinates   = {{coord|52|16|N|11|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|state         = 
|district      = Börde
|elevation     = 48
|area          = 15.25
|population    = 844
|Stand         = 2006-12-31
|postal_code   = 39343
|area_code     = 039202, 03904
|licence       = BK
|website       = 
}}
'''Hillersleben''' waa tuulo iyo degmo hore uga tirsanaan jirtay [[Börde (district)|Börde]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], Jarmalka. [[Proving ground|Goob tijaabo]] weyn oo madaafiic ah ayaa halkaas ka shaqaynaysay laga soo bilaabo 1934 ilaa 1945.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Rüstungstagung In Hillersleben {{!}} PanzerPlace|language=en-US|work=PanzerPlace|url=https://panzerplace.eu/rustungstagung-in-hillersleben/|access-date=2021-12-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laga soo bilaabo 1 Janaayo 2010, waxay qayb ka tahay degmada [[Westheide]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{reflist}}

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      <sha1>kphyin1zprddsrfvb9jqduzolhgsblp</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Hinzert-Pölert</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52030</id>
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      <id>307830</id>
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|type                = Ortsgemeinde
|image_coa             = DEU Hinzert-Pölert COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|49|42|18.8|N|6|54|6.40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hinzert-Pölert in TR.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Trier-Saarburg
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Hermeskeil
|elevation               = 490 
|area             = 4.85
|postal_code                = 54421
|area_code            = 06586
|licence                = TR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 047
|website           = [http://www.hinzert-poelert.de/ www.hinzert-poelert.de]
|mayor             = Mario Leiber&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
}}

'''Hinzert-Pölert''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. Wax yar galbeed ka xigta tuulada waxaa ku taal xeryaha iyo xabsiga dhibaatada ee hore [[Hinzert concentration camp|Hinzert]]

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hinzert-Polert}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hipstedt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52031</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307832</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T05:18:50Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="1606" sha1="m0mz1q55ij7hs7sglki5uqxq7z932oo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = Wappen Hipstedt.gif
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|29|32|N|08|58|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hipstedt in ROW.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Rotenburg (Wümme)
|Samtgemeinde      = Geestequelle
|elevation              = 24
|area            = 29.38
|postal_code               = 27432
|area_code           = 04768
|licence               = ROW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 57 027
|divisions         = 2 
|mayor             = Johannes König 
|party             = 
}}

'''Hipstedt''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Rotenburg (district)|Rotenburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]].

Hipstedt waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]], oo la aasaasay 1180. Sanadkii 1648 Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo badalay [[Duchy of Bremen]], taas oo markii ugu horreysay lagu maamulay [[personal union]] oo ay madax u ahayd Crown-ka Iswiidhan - oo ay dhex-dhexaadisay qabsashadii Denmark (1712-1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] Crown. Sanadkii 1807 [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] ee gaabanayd ayaa qabsatay Duchy-ga, ka hor inta aysan [[First French Empire|France]] qabsanin 1810. Sanadkii 1813 Duchy-gii dib ayaa loo soo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], kaas oo - ka dib kor u qaadistiisii [[Kingdom of Hanover]] 1814 - ku daray Duchy-ga [[real union]] isla markaana dhulkii Ducal, oo ay ku jirto Hipstedt, uu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]] ee cusubayd, taas oo la aasaasay 1823.

==Tixraacyada==
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hirschstein</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52032</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307833</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T05:20:50Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="1433" sha1="cadmgmrqt5ij1iaqmt6whu8yk43w34w" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = Wappen hirschstein.png 
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|15|45|N|13|23|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hirschstein in MEI.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Meißen 
|elevation              = 129
|area            = 34.46
|postal_code               = 01594
|area_code           = 035266
|licence               = MEI, GRH, RG, RIE
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 14627070
|website           = [https://www.hirschstein.de/ www.hirschstein.de]
|mayor             = Conrad Seifert&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2022&amp;ndash;29
|party             = CDU
}}

[[File:Schloss-Hirschstein.jpg|thumb|right|Qasriga Hirschstein]]

'''Hirschstein''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Meißen (district)|Meißen]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany]].

Tuulooyinka soo socda waxay ka tirsan yihiin Hirschstein: Althirschstein, Bahra, Böhla, Boritz, Heyda, Kobeln, Mehltheuer, Neuhirschstein, Pahrenz, Prausitz iyo Schänitz.

[[Leopold III of Belgium]] iyo qoyskiisa waxaa lagu haystay Qasriga Hirschstein laga soo bilaabo Juun 1944 ilaa Maarso 1945 iyada oo ay xukumayeen Naasiyiintu.

== Tixraacyada ==
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  <page>
    <title>Hirzenhain</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52033</id>
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      <id>307834</id>
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      <text bytes="2599" sha1="1244fz70essdc91b2d3g3loarf6wa65" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location      
|type               = Gemeinde
|name              = Hirzenhain
|image_photo=Hirzenhain Juli 2009.jpg
|image_caption= Hirzenhain sanadkii 2009
|image_coa            = DEU Hirzenhain COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|23|25|N|9|8|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hirzenhain in FB.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Darmstadt
|district         = Wetteraukreis
|elevation              = 260
|area            = 16.11
|postal_code               = 63697
|area_code           = 06045
|licence               = FB
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 40 011
|divisions        = 3 degmo
|website           = [https://www.hirzenhain.de/ www.hirzenhain.de]
|mayor             = Timo Tichai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2024-05/BVII_m05-2024_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen|language=de|date=21 May 2024|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2023&amp;ndash;29
|party             = 
}}
'''Hirzenhain''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɪʁtsn̩ˌhaɪn}}) waa degmo ku taal [[Wetteraukreis]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaas ahaan 45 kiiloomitir waqooyi-bari ee [[Frankfurt am Main]]. Waxay leedahay dad gaaraya ilaa 2,800.

==Taariikhda==
Laga bilaabo 1943 ilaa 1945 agagaarku wuxuu ahaa goob [[:de:Arbeitserziehungslager Hirzenhain|xero shaqo qasab ah oo loogu talagalay dembiilayaasha la xukumay iyo maxaabiistii dagaalka]], taas oo ay maamulaysay [[Gestapo]]. 25 Maarso 1945, wax yar ka hor dhammaadka dagaalka, ciidamo ka tirsan [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] ayaa dilay 87 maxbuus oo ku jiray xerada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=View of the mass grave near Hirzenhain from which the bodies of 87 prisoners were exhumed. |url=https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1042259 |access-date=August 8, 2026 |website= |id=Photograph Number 77089|orig-date=May 7, 1945|publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxaa degmada ku yaal xusuus-dhismeed loogu talagalay dhibanayaasha. Meydadkii waxaa dib loogu aasay [[Arnsburg Abbey]] 1960kii.&lt;ref name=&quot;FR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fr-online.de/bad-vilbel-und-wetterau/hirzenhain-ss-massenmord-kurz-vor-kriegsende,1472868,2978402.html|title=SS-Massenmord kurz vor Kriegsende|publisher=Frankfurter Rundschau| date=26 March 2010|first=Detlef|last=Sundermann|accessdate=15 January 2017|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tixraacyada==
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hohenbocka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52034</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307835</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T05:24:54Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Isma4l</username>
        <id>41797</id>
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      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2858" sha1="9qcp5lhzp6w8d6snnew6ya21srqnv7e" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = Wappen von Hohenbocka.png
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|25|59|N|14|00|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hohenbocka in OSL.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Oberspreewald-Lausitz
|Amt               = Ruhland
|elevation              = 128
|area            = 15.59
|postal_code               = 01945
|area_code           = 035756
|licence               = OSL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 66 132
|website           = {{url|https://www.amt-ruhland.de/amtsgemeinden/hohenbocka/|www.amt-ruhland.de}}
|mayor             = Aina Gutschmidt&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12066000 Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 3 July 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;29
|party             = 
}}
'''Hohenbocka''' ([[Lower Sorbian language|Sorbian hoose]] ''Hory Bukow'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Oberspreewald-Lausitz]], ee [[Upper Lusatia]], [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]].

==Taariikhda==
Laga bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1825, Hohenbocka waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg]], laga bilaabo 1825 ilaa 1919 [[Province of Silesia]], laga bilaabo 1919 ilaa 1938 [[Province of Lower Silesia]], mar labaad 1938 ilaa 1941 Province of Silesia iyo mar labaad 1941 ilaa 1945 Province of Lower Silesia. Laga bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952 waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Saxony]] iyo laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 [[Bezirk Cottbus]] ee [[East Germany]].

== Tirada dadka ==
[[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Hohenbocka.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarinta Dadweynaha tan iyo 1875 gudaha Xuduudaha Hadda (Khadka Buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Khadka Dhibcaha leh: IsbarbardhiggaHorumarinta Dadweynaha ee Gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Cawl: Xilligii Xukunka Naasiga; Asalka Cas: Xilligii Xukunka Shuuciga)]]

{{historical populations
|align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr
|title = Hohenbocka: Horumarinta dadweynaha &lt;br&gt;gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2013)&lt;ref&gt;Xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga heli karaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg ee Wikimedia Commons]&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1875 | 700
| 1890 | 700
| 1910 | 1000
| 1925 | 1164
| 1933 | 1300
| 1939 | 1538
| 1946 | 1697
| 1950 | 1630
| 1964 | 1465
| 1971 | 1435
| 1981 | 1269
| 1985 | 1181
| 1989 | 1134
| 1990 | 1098
| 1991 | 1082
| 1992 | 1076
| 1993 | 1092
| 1994 | 1098
| 1995 | 1109
| 1996 | 1113
| 1997 | 1139
| 1998 | 1165
| 1999 | 1187
| 2000 | 1210
| 2001 | 1209
| 2002 | 1195
| 2003 | 1194
| 2004 | 1191
| 2005 | 1177
| 2006 | 1161
| 2007 | 1146
| 2008 | 1127
| 2009 | 1113
| 2010 | 1098
| 2011 | 1041
| 2012 | 1022
| 2013 | 1008
| 2014 | 965
| 2015 | 958
| 2016 | 978
}}

==Tixraacyada==
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  <page>
    <title>Hohenbucko</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52035</id>
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      <id>307836</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T05:26:44Z</timestamp>
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        <id>41797</id>
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      <text bytes="4933" sha1="ovodrouhlq1zi4hvarp6wlnev9a4kfn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|46|00|N|13|28|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Hohenbucko in EE.png
|state        = 
|district         = Elbe-Elster
|Amt               = Schlieben
|elevation              = 131
|area            = 42.67
|postal_code               = 04936
|area_code           = 035364
|licence               = EE, FI, LIB
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 62 237
|divisions        = 2 [[Ortsteil]]e
|mayor             = Kay Benesch&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12062000 Landkreis Elbe-Elster Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 27 June 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;29
|party             = 
}}
'''Hohenbucko''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Elbe-Elster]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]].

==Taariikhda==
Laga bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1944, Hohenbucko waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Saxony]]. Laga bilaabo 1944 ilaa 1945, waxay qayb ka ahayd Province of [[Halle-Merseburg]]. Laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Bezirk Cottbus]] ee [[East Germany]].

== Tirada dadka ==
[[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Hohenbucko.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarinta Dadweynaha tan iyo 1875 gudaha Xuduudaha Hadda (Khadka Buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Khadka Dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee Gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Cawl: Xilligii Xukunka Naasiga; Asalka Cas: Xilligii Xukunka Shuuciga)]]

{|
|+style=&quot;background:#ffefcf; border: 1pt grey solid;&quot; |'''Hohenbucko: &lt;br&gt;Horumarinta dadweynaha gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2013)'''&lt;ref&gt;Xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga heli karaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg ee Wikimedia Commons]&lt;/ref&gt;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 1pt grey solid&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#ffefcf;&quot; | Sannadka
! style=&quot;background:#ffefcf;&quot; | Dadweynaha
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1875 || align=right |  790
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1890 || align=right |  790
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1910 || align=right |  800
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1925 || align=right |  798
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1933 || align=right |  811
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1939 || align=right |  750
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1946 || align=right | 1 152
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1950 || align=right | 1 195
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1964 || align=right | 1 020
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1971 || align=right |  982
|-
|}
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 1pt grey solid&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#ffefcf;&quot; | Sannadka
! style=&quot;background:#ffefcf;&quot; | Dadweynaha
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1981 || align=right |  952
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1985 || align=right |  935
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1989 || align=right |  903
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1990 || align=right |  882
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1991 || align=right |  850
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1992 || align=right |  843
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1993 || align=right |  847
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1994 || align=right |  848
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1995 || align=right |  838
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1996 || align=right |  831
|-
|}
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 1pt grey solid&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#ffefcf;&quot; | Sannadka
! style=&quot;background:#ffefcf;&quot; | Dadweynaha
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1997 || align=right |  809
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1998 || align=right |  801
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |1999 || align=right |  771
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2000 || align=right |  778
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2001 || align=right |  777
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2002 || align=right |  778
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2003 || align=right |  749
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2004 || align=right |  738
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2005 || align=right |  727
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2006 || align=right |  712
|-
|}
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;border: 1pt grey solid&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#ffefcf;&quot; | Sannadka
! style=&quot;background:#ffefcf;&quot; | Dadweynaha
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2007 || align=right |  709
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2008 || align=right |  696
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2009 || align=right |  691
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2010 || align=right |  686
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2011 || align=right |  683
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2012 || align=right |  674
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2013 || align=right |  663
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2014 || align=right |  655
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2015 || align=right |  646
|-
|style=&quot;background:#ffefcf&quot; |2016 || align=right |  640
|-
|}
|}

==Tixraacyada==
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  <page>
    <title>Hohenfurch</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52036</id>
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      <id>307837</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T05:28:35Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1112" sha1="02327ogvzxtbhu7wceuxaisn5krrxal" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Hohenfurch COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|47|51|N|10|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hohenfurch in WM.svg
|image_photo =Hohenfurch1.jpg
|image_caption = Hohenfurch
|state        = 
|region  = Oberbayern
|district         = Weilheim-Schongau
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Altenstadt (Oberbayern)
|elevation              = 699
|area            = 12.41
|postal_code               = 86978
|area_code           = 08861
|licence               = WM
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 90 129
|website           = [http://www.hohenfurch.de www.hohenfurch.de]
|mayor             = Guntram Vogelsgesang&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;26
|party             = CSU
}}

'''Hohenfurch''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Weilheim-Schongau]], ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
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  <page>
    <title>Hohengandern</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52037</id>
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      <id>307838</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-11T05:30:02Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1389" sha1="7t2uro38lle7lmfqs50wdjzjoecyy9e" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_photo       = Hohengandern 02.jpg
|image_coa         = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|22|26|N|9|56|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hohengandern in EIC.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Eichsfeld
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Hanstein-Rusteberg
|elevation              = 218
|area            = 6.83
|postal_code               = 37318
|area_code           = 036081
|licence               = EIC
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 61 048
|website           = [http://www.vg-hanstein-rusteberg.de/ www.vg-hanstein-rusteberg.de]
|mayor             = Michael Trümper&lt;ref&gt;[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&amp;wJahr=0000&amp;zeigeErg=LAND&amp;auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2024&amp;ndash;30
}}

'''Hohengandern''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Eichsfeld (district)|Eichsfeld]] ee [[Thuringia]], Jarmalka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hohengandern: Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Hanstein-Rusteberg |url=https://www.vg-hanstein-rusteberg.de/mitgliedsgemeinden/hohengandern?utm_source |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=www.vg-hanstein-rusteberg.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Verwaltungsgemeinschaft]] [[Hanstein-Rusteberg]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta Dibadda ==
{{Commons category-inline}}


{{authority control}}</text>
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    <title>Hohenhorn</title>
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|image_photo       = Hohenhorn P4180234.JPG
|image_flag        = Flagge Hohenhorn.svg
|image_coa         = Wappen Hohenhorn.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|28|39|N|10|22|7|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hohenhorn in RZ.svg
|state        = 
|district             = Herzogtum Lauenburg
|Amt               = Hohe Elbgeest
|elevation              = 68
|area            = 6.93
|postal_code               = 21526
|area_code           = 04152
|licence               = RZ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 053
|website           = [http://www.hohenhorn.de/ www.hohenhorn.de]
|mayor     = Hanna Putfarken
|party            =
}}

'''Hohenhorn''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Herzogtum Lauenburg|Herzogtum Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


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  <page>
    <title>Holenberg</title>
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      <text bytes="707" sha1="m9nfq01eb086a6s42hiq4qqhmsdx6fu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|55|N|9|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Holenberg in HOL.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Holzminden
|Samtgemeinde      = Bevern
|elevation              = 283
|area            = 7.36
|postal_code               = 37642
|area_code           = 05532
|licence               = HOL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 55 021
|website           = [http://www.bevern.de/ www.bevern.de]
|mayor     = Angela Schürzeberg
|party            = SPD
}}

'''Holenberg''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Holzminden (district)|Holzminden]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


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  <page>
    <title>Holldorf</title>
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      <text bytes="904" sha1="hvd242jzp3ckvm2fhab76zp810lqcwn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German place
|image_coa            = 
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|28|N|13|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Holldorf in MBS.svg
|image_photo = Holldorf - OE SW.jpg
|imagesize = 
|image_caption = Holldorf
|state        = 
|district         = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte
|Amt               = Stargarder Land
|elevation              = 82
|area            = 15.69
|postal_code               = 17094
|area_code           = 039603
|licence               = MST
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 067
|website           = [https://www.burg-stargard.de/das-stargarder-land/holldorf/ www.burg-stargard.de]
|mayor     = Herbert Utikal
}}

'''Holldorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Holste</title>
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    <id>52041</id>
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      <text bytes="1258" sha1="abf2ekaamx9e66b96h0w1os5s8jrzl5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Holste COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|53|22|N|08|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Holste in OHZ.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Osterholz
|Samtgemeinde      = Hambergen
|elevation              = 27
|area            = 35.37
|postal_code               = 27729
|area_code           = 04748
|licence               = OHZ
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 56 004
|divisions        = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e
|mayor     = Gerhard Müller
|party            = 
}}
'''Holste''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɔlstə}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Osterholz|Osterholz]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]].

Waxay ka kooban tahay saddex degmo oo hore u kala gooni ahaa: Hellingst, Oldendorf iyo Steden, iyadoo magaceedu yahay isku-darka magacyadaas.

Waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]]. Sanadkii 1648 Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], taas oo markii ugu horreysay ay maamulaysay [[personal union]] oo ay lahayd Iswiidhan iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay Crown-ka Hanover. Sanadkii 1823 Duchy-gii waa la tiray, dhulkeedu wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Holzwickede</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52042</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307844</id>
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      <text bytes="1735" sha1="5a9kecgkb43xkiv4zjd7qbg8g378903" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Holzwickede COA.svg
|image_photo       = Rathaus Holzwickede.jpg
|image_caption     = Xarunta degmada
|coordinates       = {{coord|51|30|N|7|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan          = Holzwickede in UN.svg
|state        = 
|region  = Arnsberg
|district             = Unna
|elevation              = 109-202
|area            = 22.36
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 05978016
|postal_code               = 59439
|area_code           = 02301
|licence               = UN
|website           = [https://www.holzwickede.de/ www.holzwickede.de]
|mayor             = Ulrike Drossel&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_bm.shtml Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 30 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2020&amp;ndash;25
|party             = 
}}

'''Holzwickede''' ({{IPA|de|hɔltsˈvɪkədə}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Unna (district)|Unna]] ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]].

Waxay mataano la tahay [[Weymouth, England|Weymouth]], [[Louviers]] iyo [[Colditz]].

== Duuqyada ==
*1969–1975: Josef Wortmann
*1975–1989: Heinrich Schürhoff
*1989–1999: Margret Mader
*1999–2015: Jenz Rother
* laga bilaabo 2015: Ulrike Drossel

== Dadka ka soo jeeda Holzwickede ==
* [[Agnes von der Vierbecke]] ( 1341-1378), oo lagu xusuusto Bandhigga Pepper Pot ee Dortmund
* [[Julius Bergmann]] (1839-1904), faylasuf
* [[Hermann Mandel]] (1882-1946), aqoonyahan diimeed
* [[Hermann Strathmann]] (1882-1966), aqoonyahan diimeed iyo siyaasi
* [[Nils Mönkemeyer]] (dhashay 1978), muusikiiste viola ah iyo macallin jaamacadeed

== Tixraacyada ==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Holzwickede}}

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  <page>
    <title>Honerath</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52043</id>
    <revision>
      <id>307845</id>
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      <text bytes="973" sha1="j9fqftleeo42zrnigisv1b5i9is0aci" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|image_coa            = DEU Honerath COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|22|40|N|6|53|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Honerath in AW.svg
|state        = 
|district         = Ahrweiler
|Verbandsgemeinde  = Adenau
|elevation              = 398 
|area            = 2.01
|postal_code               = 53518
|area_code           = 02691
|licence               = AW
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07131032
|website           = {{url|http://honerath.de/}}
|mayor             = Stefan Zimmermann&lt;ref name=mayor&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister
}}
'''Honerath''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]].

== Tixraacyada ==
{{reflist}}


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  <page>
    <title>Hommerdingen</title>
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|name               =  Hommerdingen
|image_photo        = 
|image_coa             = 
|coordinates        = {{coord|49|54|33|N|6|19|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan           = Hommerdingen in BIT.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Südeifel
|elevation               = 364 
|area             = 2.04
|postal_code                = 54675
|area_code            = 06522
|licence                = BIT
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 054
|website           = [http://www.suedeifelinfo.de/index.php/2014-04-02-10-51-07/gemeinden-der-vg-suedeifel Hommerdingen at site www.suedeifelinfo.de]
|mayor             = Michael Pelletier sen.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
|party             = 
}}
'''Hommerdingen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]]. 
[[File:Hommerdingen, Eifel, Germany.JPG|thumb|left|300px|Waddada aadisa [[Nusbaum]] ee ku taal Hommerdingen]]

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}

== Xiriirinta Dibadda ==
*[http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/hommerdingen/-/id=100766/did=3908226/nid=100766/1p132gw/index.html TV portrait of Hommerdingen] broadcast by [[Südwestrundfunk]] {{in lang|de}}


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    <title>Hömberg</title>
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      <id>307847</id>
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      <text bytes="1112" sha1="aeamf0edizztke84diuhy6ul7oa9nwz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox German location
|type                = Ortsgemeinde
|image_photo        = Hoemberg1.jpg
|image_coa             = DEU Hömberg COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|50|20|14|N|7|47|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan = Hömberg in EMS.svg
|state         = 
|district          = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
|Verbandsgemeinde   = Bad Ems-Nassau
|elevation               = 372 
|area             = 4.86
|postal_code                = 56379
|area_code            = 02604
|licence                = EMS, DIZ, GOH
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 058
|website           = 
|mayor             = Dietmar Roßtäuscher&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_term       = 2019&amp;ndash;24
}}

'''Hömberg''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Rhein-Lahn|Rhein-Lahn-Kreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Bad Ems-Nassau|ururka bulshada ee Bad Ems-Nassau]].

==Tixraacyada==
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}

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