Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2301 308327 308165 2026-09-17T06:08:48Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religion | native_name = {{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام}}}}<br/>{{transliteration|ar|al-Islām}} | image = The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg | caption = [[Kacbada]] ee ku taal [[Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Makka]], [[Sacuudi Carabiya]], oo ah [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]] | type = | main_classification = [[Abrahamic religions|Ibraahimi ah]] | scripture = {{Plainlist| * [[Quraan]] * Sunnada: [[Xadiis]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The saheeh Sunnah is wahy (Revelation) from Allah |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/77243/the-saheeh-sunnah-is-wahy-(revelation)-from-allah |website=islamqa.info |access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref> * Tafsiirka: [[Tafsiir]]<ref>Mir, Mustansir. (1995). "Tafsīr". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> }} | theology = [[Tawhid|Hal ilaah aaminsan]] | area = [[Islam by country|Adduunka oo dhan]]<ref name="Global Islam">{{cite report|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2011/01/FutureGlobalMuslimPopulation-WebPDF-Feb10.pdf|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=27 January 2011}}</ref> | language = [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Quraanka]] | territory = [[Dunida Islaamka]] | founder = [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Maxamed]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Welch |first1=Alford T. |last2=Moussalli |first2=Ahmad S. |last3=Newby |first3=Gordon D. |date=2009 |entry=Muḥammad |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry-url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}</ref> | founded_date = {{circa|610 C.D.}} | founded_place = [[Jabal al-Nour]]<!-- Beginnings are understood to be where Muhammad is said to have received his first ever revelation, which was inside a cave in this mountain --> | number_of_followers = {{est.}} 2 bilyan<ref name="pew2010–2020" /> {{increase}} (oo si gaar ah loogu yeero [[Muslimiin]], halka si wadajir ah loogu yeero {{transliteration|ar|[[Ummah]]}}) | separations = {{Plainlist| * [[Ali-Illahism]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&q=ali%2520illahism&pg=PA216|title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum|last=Layard|first=Austen Henry|date=2010-08-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108016773|page=216|language=en}}</ref> * [[Druze faith]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of American Islam |first=Yvonne |last=Yazbeck Haddad |year=2014 |isbn=9780199862634 |page=142|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> * [[Baháʼí Faith]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Van der Vyer |first=J. D. |year=1996 |title=Religious human rights in global perspective: religious perspectives |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |isbn=90-411-0176-4 |page=449 |url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse |url-access=registration}}</ref> }} }} {{Sidebar with collapsible lists | name = religion sidebar | pretitle = Qayb ka mid ah taxane ku saabsan | pretitlestyle = padding-top:0.8em; | titlestyle = padding-bottom:0.5em; | title = [[Diin]] | listtitlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; font-size:100%; | centered list titles = yes | image = [[File:Icon-religion.svg|200px|class=skin-invert]] | imagestyle = padding-bottom:1em; | listclass = hlist | liststyle = padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.25em; font-size: 11px; | expanded = {{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}} |} | abovestyle = padding:0.5em 2em 0.5em; display:block; background-color: #efefef; | above = {{startflatlist}} * [[Outline of religion|Dulucda]] * [[Index of religion-related articles|Liisaska]] * [[:Category:Religion|Qeybta]] * [[:Category:Indexes of religion topics|Tusaha]] * [[History of religion|Taariikhda diinta]] * [[Portal:Religion|Bogga]] {{endflatlist}} | list1name = religions | list1title = Diimaha | list1titlestyle = padding-top:0.5em; | list1 = {{Sidebar |child |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off | heading1 = [[Abrahamic religions|Diimaha Ibraahimiyeed]] | content1style = padding-top:0.2em; | content1 = * [[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]] * [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]] * [[Islam|Islaamka]] * [[Alawism|Calawiisimka]] * [[Alevism|Alewiisimka]] * [[Azalism|Azaliisimka]]/[[Bábism|Baabiisimka]] * [[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]] * [[Druze Faith|Diinta Duruusta]] * [[Mormonism|Mormooniyadda]] * [[Mandaeism|Mandeiisimka]] * [[Manichaeism|Maniikiisimka]] * [[Rastafari|Rastafariyiinta]] * [[Samaritanism|Samaritaniisimka]] | heading2 = [[Iranian religions|Diimaha Iiraaniga]] | content2style = padding-top:0.2em; | content2 = * [[Yazidism|Yasiidiisimka]] * [[Yarsanism|Yarsaniisimka]] * [[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]] | heading3 = [[Indian religions|Diimaha Hindiya]] | content3style = padding-top:0.2em; | content3 = * [[Hinduism|Hinduugga]] * [[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]] * [[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]] * [[Sikhism| Sikhiisimka]] * [[Bon|Yungdrung Bon]] | heading4 = [[East Asian religions|Diimaha Bariga Aasiya]] | content4style = padding-top:0em; | content4 = * [[Taoism|Taowaysimka]] * [[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]] * [[Shinto|Shinto]] * [[Tian|Tian]] * [[Shangdi|Shangdi]] * [[Hongjun Laozu|Hongjun Laozu]] }} | list2name = schools | list2title = Dugsiyada Fikirka | list2titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list2 = * [[Acosmism|Aakosmisimka]] * [[Agnosticism|Agnostisismka]] * [[Animism|Animisimka]] * [[Antireligion|Diin-diidka]] * [[Apatheism|Apatheisimka]] * [[Atheism|Aqoonsi la'aanta Ilaah / Ateyismka]] * [[Creationism|Abuuristaaniyadda]] * [[Dharma|Dharmismka]] * [[Deism|Deiisimka]] * [[Divine command theory|Aragt Dardaaran Ilaahay]] * [[Dualism in cosmology|Labo-jirnimada]] * [[Western esotericism|Sir-doonka Reer Galbeedka]] * [[Elite religion|Diinta dadka sare]] * [[Exclusivism|Gaar-yeelidda]] * [[Existentialism|Jiritaaniyadda]] ** [[Atheistic existentialism|ateyste]] ** [[Christian existentialism|masiixi]] * [[Feminist theology|Falsafada dumarka]] * [[Fideism|Caqiido-ku-tiirsiga]] * [[Folk religion|Diinta dadweynaha]] * [[Fundamentalism|Aasaas-ku-dhagidda]] * [[Gnosticism|Gnostisismka]] * [[Henotheism|Henotheiisimka]] * [[Hermeticism|Hermetiisimka]] * [[Humanism|Aadmiga-jecleyska]] ** [[Christian humanism|masiixi]] ** [[Religious humanism|diimeed]] ** [[Secular humanism|cilmiyeed]] * [[Ietsism|Ietsismka]] * [[Theological noncognitivism|Ignostisismka]] * [[Inclusivism|Wadajir-yeelidda]] * [[Kathenotheism|Kathenotheiisimka]] * [[Lived religion|Diinta la nool yahay]] * [[Monism|Kow-jirnimada]] * [[Monotheism|Kkudnimada Alle]] * [[Mysticism|Suufiyadda / Sir-raadinta]] * [[Naturalism (philosophy)|Dabiiciyadda]] ** [[Humanistic naturalism|aadmiga]] ** [[Metaphysical naturalism|milyawiga]] ** [[Religious naturalism|diimeed]] * [[New Age|Cаманkii Cusub]] * [[Nonduality (spirituality)|Laba-mid-la'aanta]] * [[Nontheism|Ilaah-la'aanta]] * [[Omnism|Omnisimka]] * [[Pandeism|Pandeiisimka]] * [[Panentheism|Panenteiisimka]] * [[Pantheism|Panteiisimka]] * [[Perennial philosophy|Falsafadda weligeed ah]] * [[Polytheism|Shirkiga / Ilaahyo badan]] * [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]] * [[Shendao shejiao|Shendao shejiao]] * [[Spiritualism (beliefs)|Rux-raadinta]] * [[Shamanism|Shaamanismka]] * [[East Asian religions|Taowayga]] * [[Theism|Ilaah-rumaynta]] * [[Transcendentalism|Sare-u-kacaaniyadda]] * [[Transtheism|Transtheiisimka]] * [[Unitarianism|Mowqifka kow-jirka]] | list3name = concepts | list3title = Fikradaha | list3titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list3 = * [[Afterlife|Aakhiro]] * [[Anthropopathism|Sifaadka bini'aadmiga ee Ilaah]] * [[Apophatic theology|Apophatismka]] * [[Aseity|Iskii-jitaanshaha]] * [[Religious belief|Aaminsanaanta Diinta]] * [[Brahman|Brahman]] * [[Cataphatic theology|Cataphatismka]] * [[Cult|Kooxda diimeed]] * [[Demiurge|Demiurge]] * [[Divine simplicity|Fududeynta Ilaahay]] * [[Eschatology|Qiyaamaha iyo Aakhiro]] * [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|Iftiintinka]] * [[Eternity#God and eternity|Weligiis-jitaanshaha]] * [[Euthyphro dilemma|Muran-weydiintii Euthyphro]] * [[Existence of God|Jiritaanka Ilaahay]] * [[Faith|Iimaan]] * [[Form of the Good|Qaabka Wanaagga]] * [[Gender of God|Jinsiga Ilaahay]] * [[Gnosis|Gnosis]] * [[Holy Spirit|Ruuxa Quduuska ah]] * [[Intelligent design|Naqshadda caqli-gal ah]] * [[Moksha|Xorreynta]] * [[Misotheism|Ilaah-nacaybka]] * [[Miracle|Mucjiso]] * [[Names of God|Magacyada Ilaahay]] * [[New religious movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa diimeed ee cusub]] * [[Omnibenevolence|Naxariista-buuxda]] * [[Omnipotence|Awoodda-oo-dhan]] * [[Omnipresence|Meel-kasta-joogidda]] * [[Omniscience|Cilmiga-oo-dhan]] * [[Pandeism|Pandeistiga]] * [[Personal god|Ilaah shakhsi ah]] * [[Prayer|Dugsi / Baryo]] * [[Problem of evil|Dhibaatada xumaanta]] * [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]] * [[Belief#Religion|Aaminsanaanta diimeed]] * [[Problem of religious language|Luqadda diinta]] * [[Reincarnation|Soo-noqoshada nolosha (Reincarnation)]] * [[Faith|Iimaanka diimeed]] * [[Revelation|Waxyi]] * [[Religious text|Qoraallada diinta]] * [[Soul|Nafta]] * [[Summum bonum|Wanaagga ugu sarreeya]] * [[Tawhid|Kkudnimada Alle]] * [[Theological veto|Diidmada diinta]] * [[Transcendence (religion)|Sare-u-baxa diimeed]] * [[Trinity|Saddex-midnimada]] * [[Creator deity|Ugu sarreeyaha / Abuuraha]] * [[Unmoved mover|Dhaqaajiye aan la dhaqaajin]] * [[Vitalism|Ruuxda nolosha]] * [[Worship|Caabudaad]] | list4name = figures | list4title = Hoggaamiyeyaasha Aasaasaya | list4titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list4= *[[Ciise]] ([[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]) *[[Maxamed]] ([[Islam|Islaamka]]) *[[Ibraahim]] ([[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]]) *[[Siddhartha Gautama]] ([[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]]) *[[Guru Nanak]] ([[Sikhism|Sikhiisimka]]) *[[Mahavira]] ([[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]]) *[[Zoroaster]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]]) *[[Hamza ibn Ali]] ([[Druze|Duruusta]]) *[[Laozi]] ([[Taoism|Taowayga]]) *[[Confucius]] ([[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]]) * [[Baháʼu'lláh]] ([[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]]) | belowclass = plainlist | belowstyle = text-align:center;font-weight:normal; padding:1em 1em 1em; | below = Kani waa [[:Category:Philosophy and thinking sidebar templates|farac]] ka mid ah [[philosophy|falsafadda]]. Si aad u baarto mowduucyada la xiriira, fadlan booqo [[:Category:Religion_and_belief_navigational_boxes|hage-tusaha]]. }} '''Islaamku'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|ɑː|m|,_|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|æ|m}} {{respell|IZ|la(h)m}};<ref>{{cite Cambridge Dictionaries |Islam}}</ref> {{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام|al-Islām}}|al-Islām}}, {{IPA|ar|alʔisˈlaːm|IPA}}, {{lit|hordhaca [ee la xiriira [[ogaanshaha doonista Ilaahay]]]}}}} waa diin [[Abrahamic|Ibraahimi ah]] oo ku saleysan [[Quraan|Quraanka]] iyo [[Sunnah|barashada]] [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Nabi Maxamed]]. Diintan [[monotheistic|kelinimada Alle]] waxay leedahay qiyaastii [[Islam by country|2 bilyan oo raacsan adduunka oo dhan]], oo lagu magacaabo [[Muslims|Muslimiin]]. Islaamku waa [[Major religious groups|diinta labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka]], marka laga reebo [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin inay jirto [[Fitra|iimaan asal ah]] oo la soo waxyooday marar badan iyadoo la sii marinayo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|rusul iyo nabiyo hore]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], waxayna rumeysan yihiin in Islaamku yahay nooca caalamiga ah ee dhameystiran ee [[faith|iimaankan]]. Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan Quraanka inuu yahay hadalka dhabta ah ee [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] iyo waxyigii ugu dambeeyay ee aan wax laga beddelin. Dhinaca Quraanka, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale rumeysan yihiin [[Islamic holy books|kutubtii hore ee la soo waxyooday]], sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]), ''[[Psalms in Islam|Sabuur]]'' ([[Psalms]]), iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel]]). Waxay rumeysan yihiin in [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] yahay [[Seal of the Prophets|nabiga ugu weyn uguna dambeeya]] ee [[God|Ilaahay]], kaasoo diinta la soo dhameystiray, oo aan ka dib imanayn nabigii cusub ama sharcigii samada ahayn. Barashada iyo tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee Maxamed, oo loogu yeero [[Sunnah]], oo lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin loogu yeero [[Hadith|Xadiis]], ayaa bixiya tusaale dastuuri ah oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Islaamku wuxuu ku saleysan yahay rumaysashada kow-nimada iyo kelinimada Ilaahay ({{Transliteration|ar|[[tawhid]]}}), iyo rumaysashada [[afterlife|aakhiro]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[akhirah]]}}) oo ay ku jirto [[Judgement Day in Islam|Maalinta Qiyaame]]—halkaas oo kuwa suubban lagu abaalmarin doono jannada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jannah]]}}) kuwa xunneydna lagu ciqaabi doono naarta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jahannam]]}}). [[Five Pillars of Islam|Shanta Arkaan ee Islaamka]], oo loo arko inay yihiin cibaadooyin [[Fard|waajib ah]], waa shahaadada diinta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[shahada]]}}), salaadaha maalinlaha ah ({{Transliteration|ar|[[salah]]}}), sakada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[zakat]]}}), soonka bisha [[Ramadan]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sawm]]}}), iyo [[pilgrimage|xajka]] loo aado [[Mecca|Makka]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[hajj]]}}). Sharciga Islaamka ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sharia]]}}), wuxuu taabanayaa ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha, laga bilaabo [[Islamic banking and finance|bangiyada iyo maaliyadda]] iyo [[Zakat|gar-gaarka]] ilaa [[Gender roles in Islam|doorka ragga]] iyo [[Women in Islam|doorka dumarka]] iyo [[Islamic ethics#Environmentalism|deegaanka]]. Labada [[Islamic holidays|ciida diimeed]] ee ugu waaweyn waa Ciidul Fitri iyo Ciidul Adxa. Saddexda [[holiest sites in Islam|goobood ee ugu barakeysan]] waa [[Masjid al-Haram|Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], iyo [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]]. Islaamku wuxuu ka soo aasaasay Makka qiyaastii 610 C.D. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in tani ay tahay xilligii [[Muhammad's first revelation|Maxamed uu helay waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]]. Waqtigii uu geeriyooday, inta badan [[Arabian Peninsula|Jaziiradda Carabta]] way [[Conversion to Islam|isu rogtay Islaamka]]. Islaamku wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu fiday wixii ka dambeeyay Carabta iyadoo hoos imaneysa [[Rashidun Caliphate|Khulaafadii Raashidiyiinta]] iyo [[Umayyad Caliphate|Khulaafadii Umawiyiinta]]. Labada [[Islamic schools and branches|laamood ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka]] waa [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]] (87–90%) iyo [[Shia Islam|Shiicada]] (10–13%).{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. "Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims."}} Muslimiinta Sunniga iyo Shiicada ah ayaa wada noqda ku dhawaad ​​guud ahaan dadweynaha Muslimka ah ee adduunka, iyadoo qiyaasuhu ka bilaabmaan qiyaastii 1.7–1.8 bilyan oo Sunni ah ilaa 285–300 milyan oo Shiico ah adduunka oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2009-10-07|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Shia Muslim Population – Islamic Research and Information Center (IRIC)|url=https://iric.org/world-shia-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Project on Shi’ism and Global Affairs|url=https://shiism.hds.harvard.edu/|url-status=dead|website=Harvard University|access-date=2026-09-06|archive-date=2026-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260829082314/https://shiism.hds.harvard.edu/}}</ref> Inkasta oo [[Shia–Sunni relations|khilaafka Shiicada iyo Sunniga]] uu asal ahaan ka soo bilowday is-afgaranwaa ku saabsan [[succession to Muhammad|dhaxalkii Maxamed]], waxay kor u qaadeen cabbir ballaaran, labada [[Schools of Islamic theology|dhinaca caqiidada]] iyo [[Fiqh|fiqhigaa]]. Ururinta xadiiska suuban ee Sunniga waxay ka kooban tahay [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Kitaab]], halka ururinta xadiiska Shiicada ay ka kooban tahay [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]]. Muslimiintu waxay ka yihiin inta badan dadweynaha 53 dal.<ref name="pew2010–2020">{{cite web |date=June 9, 2025 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}} *{{cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett |author2=Marcin Stonawski |author3=Yunping Tong |author4=Stephanie Kramer |author5=Anne Shi |author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf |access-date=2025-06-10 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref> Qiyaastii 12% Muslimiinta adduunka waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in Indonesia|Indoonisiya]], oo ah dalka ugu dadka badan ee Muslimiinta ah; {{#expr: 100 * 480/1570 round 0}}% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in South Asia|Kooniyada Aasiya]]; 20% waxay ku nool yihiin [[MENA#Religion|Bariga Dhexe iyo Waqooyiga Afrika]]; iyo 15% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa|Afrika ka hooseysa Saharada]]. Muslimiinta sidoo kale waxaa laga helaa [[Islam in the Americas|Ameerikaanka]], [[Islam in China|Shiinaha]], iyo [[Islam in Europe|Yurub]]. Muslimiintu waa [[Muslim population growth|kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraysa adduunka]], taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay [[fertility rate| heerka dhalmada oo sarreeya]] iyo qaab-dhismeedka da'da yar marka loo eego diimaha diimaha kale ee waaweyn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lipka |first=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=2017-04-06 |title=Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2026-09-01 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Islaamka waxaa la saadaalinayaa inuu noqdo diinta ugu weyn adduunka dhammaadka qarniga 21-aad, isagoo ka sarre marinaya Masiixiyadda.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=April 6, 2017 |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pew2015">{{cite report |author=[[Pew Forum|The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life]] |title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211090450/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-date=2020-12-11 |date=2015-04-02 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref><!--Ha ku darin xigashooyin hogaanka, marka laga reebo walxaha u badan tahay in la caqabado, sida ku cad [[MOS:LEADCITE]] ([[Wikipedia:Buugga Qaab dhismeedka/Qaybta Hoggaanka#Tixraacyada)]]. U wareeji xigashooyin aan loo baahnayn jirka.--> == Asalka ereyga{{anchor|Etymology}}<!-- Linked from many articles. If changing the section title, please let this anchor remain unchanged -->== {{See also|Muslims#Etymology}} Luqadda Carabiga, ''Islaam'' ({{langx|ar|إسلام|lit=hordhaca [ee la xiriira Ilaahay]}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of Islam {{!}} Dictionary.com |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.dictionary.com |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509110220/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Haywood |first=John |title=Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (AD 600 - 1492) |publisher=Barnes & Noble, Inc. |year=2002 |isbn=0-7607-1975-6 |edition=1st |location=Spain |pages=3.13 |language=en}}</ref> waa magaca fal-galeedka [[wikt:أسلم#Arabic|Foomka IV]] ee ka soo jeeda falka {{lang|ar|سلم}} ({{transliteration|ar|salama}}), ka soo jeeda [[Semitic root|xididka saddex-xarafle ah]] {{lang|ar|س-ل-م}} ({{transliteration|ar|[[Š-L-M|S-L-M]]}}), kaas oo sameeya fasal weyn oo erayo ah oo badankood la xiriira fikradaha dhiibin-hoosaadka, badbaadada, iyo nabadgelyada.<ref name="Lane-Lexicon-4">{{cite book |last=Lane |first=Edward William |author-link=Edward William Lane |title=An Arabic-English Lexicon |volume=4 |chapter=Siin |url=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907230044/http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-date=2011-09-07 |via=[[The Study Quran|StudyQuran]] |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref> Macnaha diimeed, waxay tilmaamaysaa u dhiibashada buuxda ee doonista [[God|Ilaahay]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Barnard |last2=Churchill |first2=Buntzie Ellis |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi |title=Islam: The Religion and The People |publisher=Wharton School Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-13-223085-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi/page/8 8]}}</ref> Ereyga ''[[Muslims|Muslim]]'' ({{lang|ar|مُسْلِم}}), oo ah erayga loogu talagalay qofka raaca Islaamka,<ref name="Lexico-Muslim">{{cite dictionary |title=Muslim |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913192608/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-date=2019-09-13 |dictionary=[[Lexico]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2020 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en-GB }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |date=20190913192608 }}</ref> waa [[Participle|falka firfircoon]] ee isla nooca falka, oo macneheedu yahay "dhiibtiye (Ilaahay)" ama "qof u hoggaansamaya (Ilaahay)". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khabiirka [[Quranic studies|barashada Quraanka]] [[Mohsen Goudarzi]] wuxuu ku dooday in Quraanka ereyga ''[[dīn]]'' uu ka dhigan yahay "[[worship|cibaado]]", ''islām'' uu ka dhigan yahay "[[monotheism|kelinimada]]" iyo ''muslim'' uu ka dhigan yahay "muwaahid / qof kelinimada Alle rumeeyay".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goudarzi |first=Mohsen |date=2023-08-01 |title=Worship (dīn), Monotheism (islām), and the Qurʾān's Cultic Decalogue |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006/html |journal=Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=30–71 |doi=10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006 |issn=2474-8420|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Gudaha [[Hadith of Gabriel|Xadiiska Jibriil]], ''Islaam'' waxaa lagu soo bandhigay inuu yahay hal qayb oo ka mid ah saddaxleey oo ay ku jirto {{transliteration|ar|[[Iman (Islam)|imān]]}} (iimaan), iyo {{transliteration|ar|[[Ihsan|ihsān]]}} (fududeyn / ixsaan).{{sfnp|Esposito|2000|pp=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76 76–77]}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahmutćehajić |first=Rusmir |url=https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm |title=The mosque: the heart of submission |publisher=[[Fordham University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8232-2584-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm/page/n104 84] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Islaamka laftiisa ayaa taariikh ahaan loogu yeeri jiray [[Mohammedan|''Mohammedanism'' (Maxamediyad)]] gudaha [[English-speaking world|dunida Ingiriiska ku hadasha]]. Eraygan wuxuu ka baxay isticmaalka waxaana mararka qaarkood la sheegaa inuu yahay [[Religious offence|dhaawac diimeed]], maadaama uu tilmaamayo in bini'aadam, halkii uu ka noqon lahaa Ilaahay, uu yahay kan udub-dhexaadka u ah diinta Muslimiinta.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| last = Gibb| first = Sir Hamilton| title = Mohammedanism: an historical survey|isbn=9780195002454| year = 1969| page=1 | quote=Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.}}</ref> == Tiirarka iimaanka == {{Main|Aqidah|Iman (Islam)|l2 = Iman}} [[caqiidada]] Islaamku (''[[aqidah]]'') waxay u baahan tahay rumaysashada lix tiir: Ilaahay, malaa'igta, waxyiga, nabiyada, [[Day of Resurrection|Maalinta Qiyaamaha]], iyo qadarinta masiirka.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality|publisher=New World Library|pages=68–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&pg=PA68|editor-first=Joel|editor-last=Beversluis|year=2011|isbn=9781577313328|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022948/https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ilaahay === [[File:Istanbul,_Hagia_Sophia,_Allah.jpg|thumb|[[calligraphy|Qoraal gacmeedka]] qarnigii 19-aad oo muujinaya magaca [[Allah|Alle]] ee ku yaal [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]] {{Main|God in Islam}} Fikradda udub-dhexaadka u ah Islaamka waa ''[[Tawhid|tawḥīd]]'' ({{langx|ar|توحيد|link=no}}), oo ah kelinimada Ilaahay. Badanaa waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay ''monotheism sax ah'', laakiin sidoo kale waa [[panentheism|panentheistic]] ku dhex leh barashada suufiga Islaamka.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |title=Tawhid |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107041300/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Gimaret|first=D.|year=2012|c=Tawḥīd |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7454}}</ref> Ilaahay waxaa loo arkaa mid aan la barbar dhigi karin oo aan lahayn tiro dad ah sida ku jirta [[Christian Trinity|Saddex-midnimada Masiixiga]], oo tiro u nisbeynta Ilaahay ama sifooyinka Ilaahay oo loo nisbeeyo dad kale waxaa loo arkaa shirk, oo lagu magacaabo [[Shirk (Islam)|''shirk'']]. Sidaas darteed, Muslimiintu ma aha [[iconodule]]s mana u nisbeeyaan qaabab Ilaahay. Ilaahay halkaas waxaa lagu sifeeyaa oo loogu yeeraa dhowr [[Names of God in Islam|magac ama sifooyin]], kan ugu caansan waa ''Ar-Rahmān'' ({{lang|ar|الرحمان}}) oo macneheedu yahay "Naxariis-guud", iyo ''Ar-Rahīm'' ({{lang|ar|الرحيم}}) oo macneheedu yahay "Naxariis-gaar ah" kuwaas oo laga baryo bilowga inta badan Suuradaha Quraanka.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Kecia |title=Islam : the key concepts |date=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |last2=Leaman |first2=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-39638-7 |location=London |oclc=123136939}}</ref>{{sfnp|Campo|2009|p=34|loc="Allah"}} Magaca tooska ah ee Carabiga ee Ilaahay, ''[[Allāh]]'' (الله), oo ah eray aan lahayn [[plural|wadar]] ama [[gender|jinsi]], ayaa sidoo kale si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa luqadaha kale ee Muslimiinta iyo Masiixiyiinta iyo Yuhuuda Carabiga ku hadla si ay ugu tixraacaan Ilaahay, halka ''{{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[ʾilāh]]}}'' ({{lang|ar|إله}}) uu yahay eray loo isticmaalo ilaah ama ilaah guud ahaan.<ref>{{cite web |title=God |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |access-date=18 December 2010 |website=Islam: Empire of Faith |publisher=[[PBS]] |archive-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034958/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in abuurista wax kasta oo ku jira [[universe|caalamka]] la keenay iyada oo la raacayo amarka Ilaahay sida lagu muujiyay erayada, "[[Be, and it is|Aabo, oo wuu noqdaa]],"<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|2|117|b=yl}}</ref> iyo in [[Meaning of life|ujeeddada jiritaanka]] ay tahay in la caabudo Ilaahay.<ref>Leeming, David. 2005. ''The Oxford Companion to World Mythology''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-195-15669-0}}. p. 209.</ref> Waxaa loo arkaa ilaah shakhsi ah oo wax dhexdhexaadin ah, sida [[clergy|wadaaddada]], looma baahna si loo gaaro xiriir lala yeesho Ilaahay. Wacyigelinta Ilaahay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[taqwa]]. === Qoraallada Quduuska ah === {{Main|Kutubta quduuska ah ee Islaamka | Qur'aanka|Wahy}} {{See also|Taariikhda Qur'aanka}}[[File:Birmingham Quran manuscript full.jpg|thumb|Labo bogos oo ka mid ah qoraal-gacmeedka Quraanka Birmingham, oo lagu qoray farta Xijaasiga ah ee maqaarka xoolaha taariikhdooduna ay ku beegantahay 568–645 C.D., oo ku beegan xilligii Nabi Maxamed noolaa.]] Qoraalka quduska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa Quraanka. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka ay Alle u soo waxyooday Nabi Maxamed, oo uu u soo wakiishay malagii Jibriil, marar badan intii u dhaxaysay 610 C.D.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> iyo 632, oo ah sannadkii uu geeriyooday Nabi Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu noolaa Nabi Maxamed, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray saxaradiisa, inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee loo gudbin jiray uu ahaa afka oo lagu barto xifdi ahaan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=Asian Music |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Quraanku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 114 suuradood oo ay ku jiraan wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood. Suuradaha hore ee soo degay, ee ku soo degay Maka, waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha diiniga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee Madiina ay ka hadlayaan arrimaha bulshada iyo sharciga ah ee khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah.[[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal-gacmeed Quraan ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran rihaal, kaas oo ah taageerada buugga ee qoraalka quduska ah, oo lagu hayo Matxafka Reza Abbasi ee ku yaalla Tehraan, Iran.]] Sharci-yaqaanada Islaamku waxay la tashadaan Xadiiska, ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Nabi Maxamed, si ay u kaalmeeyaan Quraanka una caawiyaan fasiraadiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka Quraanka iyo tafsiirka waxaa loo yaqaanaa tafsiir.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimaddiisa diiniga ah, Quraanka waxaa si weyn loogu tixgeliyaa inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican ee suugaanta Carabiga,<ref>{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=Charles E. Tuttle Company|year=1994|page=1|title=The Koran|quote="Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence."|isbn=1842126091}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=Allen & Unwin|year=1956|quote="It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it."|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}</ref> wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo afka Carabiga.<ref>Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. "Literature and the Quran." In ''Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an'' 3. pp. 213, 216.</ref> Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Alle uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo waxyi, oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda dhexdeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah qoraalladii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida Tawraat (Tawraad) iyo Injiil (Injiil), ay noqdeen kuwo la leexiyay—ha ahaato dhinaca fasiraadda, qoraalka, ama labadaba,<ref name="harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5">{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}</ref><ref name="harvp|Peters|2003|p=9">{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}</ref><ref name="610CE">{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Hava Lazarus-Yafeh}}</ref> halka Quraanku (Akhris) loo arko erayga ugu dambeeya ee Alle oo aan wax beddel ah lahayn.<ref name="Ringgren-Quran">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription}} "The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are two different theories about this term and its formation. "</ref><ref>{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}</ref>{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}} === Malaa'igta === [[File:Rashid al-Din Tabib - Jami al-Tawarikh, f.45v detail - c. 1306-15.png|thumb|Maxamed oo helaya [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] oo uga imaanaya malaa'igta [[Gabriel]], oo ka socda qoraal gacmeedka [[Jami' al-tawarikh|Jami' al-Tawarikh]] ee uu qoray [[Rashid al-Din Hamadani|Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]], lagu daabacay [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]], 1307 C.D.]] {{Main|Angels in Islam}} Malaa'igta (keligood: {{langx|ar|ملك|link=no}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|malak}}'') waa makhluuqaad lagu sifeeyay Quraanka{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=23}} iyo xadiiska.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay u abuuran yihiin inay caabudaan Ilaahay iyo inay sidoo kale ka shaqeeyaan waajibaadyo kale oo gaar ah sida gudbinta [[revelation|waxyiga]] ee ka yimid Ilaahay, diiwaangelinta ficilada qof kasta, iyo qaadashada [[soul|nafta]] qofka waqtiga dhimashada. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay si kala duwan uga abuurmeen 'iftiin' ([[Nūr (Islam)|''nūr'']])<ref name="Encyclopedia-Nur">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nūr |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423085030/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-date=2022-04-23 |encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |via=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |language=en |access-date=2026-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|last1=Hartner, W.|last2=Tj Boer |year=2012 |c=Nūr |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0874}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Elias |first=Jamal J. |year=2003|c=Light |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00261}}</ref> ama 'dab' (''nār'').<ref>{{harvc |last=Campo |first=Juan E. |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nar |c=Nar |in=Martin |year=2004}}. – via [[Encyclopedia.com]].</ref><ref>{{harvc|last=Fahd, T. |year=2012 |c=Nār |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0846}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Toelle |first=Heidi |year=2002 |c=Fire |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00156}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|McAuliffe|2003|p=45}}</ref> Malaa'igta Islaamka waxaa badanaa lagu matalaa [[Anthropomorphism|qaabab bini'aadamnimo]] oo ay ku jiraan sawirro [[supernatural|cajiib ah]], sida baalal, oo ah kuwa aad u waaweyn ama xidhan dhar janno.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|pp=97–99}}<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=26–28}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Webb |first=Gisela |c=Angel |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|last1=MacDonald, D. B.|last2=Madelung, W. |year=2012 |c=Malāʾika |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}}{{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0642}}</ref> Sifooyinka caadiga ah ee malaa'igta waxaa ka mid ah inaysan lahayn baahiyo jir iyo rabitaanno, sida cunidda iyo cabidda.{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|p=140}} Qaarkood, sida [[Gabriel|Jibriil]] iyo [[Michael (archangel)|Miikaa'il]], ayaa magacyadooda lagu xusay Quraanka. Malaa'igtu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan suugaanta ku saabsan [[Isra and Mi'raj|Mi'raajka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu kula kulmo dhowr malaa'igood intii uu ku jirsaday safarkiisa samada.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Malaa'ig dheeraad ah ayaa badanaa lagu muujiyay [[Islamic eschatology|qiyaamaha]], [[Kalam|cilmiga kalaamka]] iyo [[Islamic philosophy|falsafada Islaamka]].{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=22}} === Kitaabyada === [[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal gacmeed [[Quran|Quraan]] ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran [[Rehal (book rest)|rehal]], oo ah kursiga kitaabka qudduuska ah, oo lagu hayo [[Reza Abbasi Museum]] ee [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].]] {{Main|Islamic holy books|Quran|Wahy}} {{See also|History of the Quran}} Kitaabka quduuska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa [[Quran|Quraanka]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka uu Maxamed u soo waxyooday Ilaahay, iyada oo la sii marinayo [[archangel|malaa'igta]] Jibriil, marar badan inta u dhaxaysa 610 C.D.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022949/https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo 632, sanadkii uu geeriyooday Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu Maxamed noolaa, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray [[Muhammad's companions|saxaabtiisa]], inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee gudbinta uu ahaa af ahaan iyada oo la adeegsanayo [[Hafiz (Quran)|xifdinta]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=[[Society for Asian Music|Asian Music]] |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Quraanku wuxuu u qaybsamaa 114 suuradood (''[[sūrah]]'') oo ka kooban wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood (''[[ayah|āyāt]]''). Suuradaha hore ee taariikh ahaan, ee lagaga soo waxyooday [[Mecca|Makka]], waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha ruuxiga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee [[Medina|Madiina]] ay ka hadlaan arrimo bulsho iyo sharci oo khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah. Qareennada Muslimiintu waxay la tashadaan xadiiska ('warka'), ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Maxamed, si ay labadaba u taageeraan Quraanka oo ay uga caawiyaan tafsiirkiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka iyo tafsiirka Quraanka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[tafsir]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019035210/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimadiisa diimeed, Quraanka waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay si weyn inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican [[Arabic literature|suugaanta Carabiga]],<ref>{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=[[Charles E. Tuttle Company]]|year=1994|page=1|title=The Koran|quote="Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence."|isbn=1842126091}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=[[Allen & Unwin]]|year=1956|quote="It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it."|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}</ref> wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo luqadda Carabiga.<ref>Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. "Literature and the Quran." In ''[[Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān|Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an]]'' 3. pp. 213, 216.</ref> Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Ilaahay uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo ''[[wahy]]'', oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah kitaabadii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]) iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel in Islam|Injiil]]), ay noqdeen kuwo [[tahrif|la leexiyay]]—ha ahaato tafsiirka, qoraalka, ama labadaba,<ref name="harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5">{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}</ref><ref name="harvp|Peters|2003|p=9">{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}</ref><ref name="610CE">{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=[[Hava Lazarus-Yafeh]]}}</ref> halka Quraanka ({{Lit|Akhrinta}}) loo arko hadalka ugu dambeeya, ee dhabta ah ee aan wax laga beddelin ee Ilaahay.<ref name="Ringgren">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505001543/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487666/Quran |url-status=live }} "The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are [[Quran#Etymology and meaning|two different theories]] about this term and its formation."</ref><ref>{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}</ref>{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}} === Nabiyada === {{Main|Prophets and messengers in Islam|Sunnah|Hadith}} [[File:Medieval Persian manuscript Muhammad leads Abraham Moses Jesus.jpg|thumb|[[Persian miniature|Miniakiyada Faarisiga]] ee qarnigii 15-aad oo muujinaysa [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] oo hoggaaminaya [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] iyo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|nabiyo kale]] salaadda.<ref>{{cite web |title=BnF. Département des Manuscrits. Supplément turc 190 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |access-date=7 September 2023 |archive-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909130407/https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Nabiyada (Carabi: {{langx|ar|أنبياء|label=none|translit=anbiyāʾ}}) waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay doorteen Ilaahay si ay u wacdhiyaan fariin ilaahi ah. Qaar ka mid ah nabiyadan ayaa sidoo kale keena kitaab cusub waxaana loogu yeeraa "rasuul" ({{langx|ar| رسول&lrm;|label=none|translit=rasūl}}).<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=225}}</ref> Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in nabiyadu ay yihiin bini'aadam oo aan ahayn ilaahyo. Dhammaan nabiyadu waxaa la sheegaa inay wacdiyiyeen fariintii asaasiga ahayd ee Islaamka - u dhiibashada doonista Ilaahay - oo ay u direen quruumihii hore, tan ayaana la sheegay inay sabab u tahay isku mid ahaanshaha badan ee u dhexeeya diimaha. Quraanku wuxuu sheegayaa magacyada tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaadka loo tixgeliyo [[prophets in Islam|nabiyada Islaamka]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[David in Islam|Daa'uud]] iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], iyo kuwo kale.<ref name="Schimmel">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |title=Islam |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504201633/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295507/Islam |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reeves |first=J. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |title=Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in scriptural intertextuality |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=90-04-12726-7 |location=[[Leiden]] |page=177 |access-date=21 August 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |url-status=live }}</ref> Sheekooyinka la xiriira nabiyada ee ka baxsan xisaabaadka Quraanka waxaa lagu ururiyaa oo lagu baaraa ''[[Qisas Al-Anbiya|Qisas al-Anbiya]]'' (Sheekooyinka Nabiyada). Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in Ilaahay uu soo diray Maxamed inuu noqdo nabiga ugu dambeeya ("[[Seal of the prophets|khaatumul anbiyo]]") si uu u gaarsiiyo fariinta dhameystiran ee Islaamka.<ref name="Esposito-Islam">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Esposito |first=John L. |author-link=John Esposito |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Islam |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110124812/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |quote=Profession of Faith...affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of Allah, the last and final prophet. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Peters-Allah">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Peters |first=F. E. |author-link=Francis Edward Peters |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Allāh |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926053837/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |quote=[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.' |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Islaamka dhexdiisa, tusaalaha "caadiga ah" ee nolosha Maxamed waxaa lagu magacaabaa ''[[sunnah]]'' (oo macneheedu yahay "jidka la maray"). Muslimiinta waxaa lagu dhiirrigelinayaa inay ku daydaan dabeecadaha akhlaaqda ee Maxamed noloshooda maalinlaha ah, sunnadana waxaa loo arkaa mid muhiim u ah hagidda tafsiirka Quraanka.<ref>{{harvp|Martin|2004|p=666}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Hadith|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=J. Robson}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Sunna|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=D.W. Brown}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Goldman |first=Elizabeth |title=Believers: Spiritual Leaders of the World |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-508240-1 |location=Oxford |page=63}}</ref> Tusaalahan waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa dhaqamo loo yaqaan xadiis, oo ah xisaabaadka erayadiisa, ficilladiisa, iyo sifooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed. [[Hadith qudsi|Xadiiska Qudsi]] waa qayb hoose oo ka tirsan xadiiska, oo loo arko inuu yahay erayada dhabta ah ee Ilaahay ee uu soo xigtay Maxamed oo aan ahayn qayb ka tirsan Quraanka. Xadiisku wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba shay: silsiladda sheekeeyayaasha, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies#Traditional importance of the sanad|''sanad'']], iyo ereyada dhabta ah, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies|''matn'']]. Waxaa jira habab kala duwan oo lagu kala saaro xaqiiqda xadiisyada, iyadoo cabbirka darajada ee badanaa la isticmaalo uu yahay "saxiix" ama "sax ah" ({{langx|ar|صحيح|links=no|translit=[[Authentic hadith|ṣaḥīḥ]]|label=none}}); "xasan" ({{langx|ar|حسن|links=no|label=none|translit=[[Hasan (hadith)|ḥasan]]}}); ama "daciif" ({{langx|ar|ضعيف|label=none|translit=[[Da'if|ḍaʻīf]]}}), iyo kuwo kale. [[Kutub al-Sittah]] waa ururinta lix kitaab, oo loo arko inay yihiin warbixinnada ugu suuban ee [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]]. Waxaa ka mid ah [[Sahih al-Bukhari]], oo ay Sunnidu badanaa u arkaan mid ka mid ah [[Hadith terminology#Terminology relating to the authenticity of a hadith|ilaha ugu suuban]] ka dib Quraanka.<ref>[[Aisha Abd al-Rahman|al-Rahman, Aisha Abd]], ed. 1990. [[Introduction to the Science of Hadith|Muqaddimah Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ]]. Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1990. pp. 160–69</ref> Il kale oo caan ka ah xadiisyada waa [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]], oo ay Shiicadu u arkaan tixraaca xadiiska ee ugu suuban.<ref name="Awliyai-Four-Books">{{cite book |last=Awliya'i |first=Mustafa |title=Outlines of the Development of the Science of Hadith |volume=1 |chapter=The Four Books |url=https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144702/https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-date=2017-09-12 |translator-last=Qara'i |translator-first=A. Q. |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Rizvi-Four-Books">{{cite book |last=Rizvi |first=Sayyid Sa'eed Akhtar |author-link=Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi |title=The Qur'an and Hadith |location=Tanzania |publisher=Bilal Muslim Mission |chapter=The Hadith §The Four Books (Al-Kutubu'l-Arb'ah) |url=https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912191319/https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-date=2017-09-12 |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}</ref> === Soo-noqoshada iyo xukunka === [[File:Chester Beatty T 414 fol 129r Muhammad al-Mehdi.png|thumb|Matxaf qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Maxamed al-Mahdi]]. [[Mahdi|Mahdiga]] waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu soo muuqan doono ka hor [[Eschatology|Waqtiga Dhamaadka]] si uu u soo celiyo cadaaladda oo uu uga adkaado dulmiga iyadoo la kaashanaya [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] ([[Jesus]]).]] {{Main|Islamic eschatology}} Rumaysashada "Maalinta Qiyaame" ama ''[[Qiyamah|Yawm al-Qiyāmah]]'' ({{langx|ar|يوم القيامة|link=no}}) ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ah Muslimiinta. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in waqtiga Qiyaamaha uu hore u qadaray Ilaahay, laakiin uusan aqoon bini'aadamku. Quraanka iyo xadiiska, iyo sidoo kale faallooyinka [[Ulama|culimada]], waxay qeexayaan imtixaannada iyo [[Great Tribulation|dhibaatooyinka]] ka horreeya iyo inta uu socdo Qiyaamaha. Quraanka wuxuu xoogga saarayaa [[universal resurrection|soo-noqoshada jirka]], taasoo ah mid ka duwan fahamkii [[pre-Islamic Arabia|Carabtii hore]] ee dhimashada.<ref>{{harvp|Glassé|2003|loc="Resurrection"|pp=382–383}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012|loc="Avicenna"}}. {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_DUM_0467}}: "Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Sīnā is known in the West as 'Avicenna'."</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Qiyama |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Gardet, L.}}</ref> Maalinta Qiyaame, Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in dhammaan bini'aadamka lagu xukumi doono falalkooda wanaagsan iyo kuwa xun waxaana loo gudbin doonaa [[Jannah|Janno]] ama [[Jahannam|Naar]].<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |editor-link=John Esposito |title=Eschatology |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |via=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |access-date=18 April 2017 |archive-date=13 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913062714/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Quraanku wuxuu ku jira [[Surat al-Zalzalah]] wuxuu tan ku sifeeyaa: "Haddaba qofkii sameeya culays atoore oo wanaag ah wuu arki doonaa. Qofkii se sameeya culays atoore oo xumaan ah wuu arki doonaa." Quraanku [[Islamic views of sin|wuxuu qorayaa dunuub badan]] oo qof ku xukumi kara naar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Quraanku wuxuu caddeynayaa in Ilaahay uu cafiyi doono dunuubta kuwa toobad keena haddii uu doono. Falalka wanaagsan, sida sadaqada, salaadda, iyo naxariista xayawaannada{{sfnp|Esposito|2011|p=130}} waxaa lagu abaalmarin doonaa gelitaanka jannada. Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan jannada meel ay ka buuxaan farxad iyo barako, iyadoo tixraacyada Quraanku ay qeexayaan sifooyinkeeda. Dhaqamada suufiga ah ee Islaamka waxay dhigayaan raaxooyinkan jannada xiriir la leh wacyigelin xamaasad leh oo ku saabsan Ilaahay.<ref>{{harvp|Smith|2006|p=89}}; ''Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World'', p. 565</ref><ref>{{harvc |c=Garden |first=Asma |last=Afsaruddin |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Paradise|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> ''Yawm al-Qiyāmah'' sidoo kale waxaa Quraanka loogu aqoonsaday ''Yawm ad-Dīn'' ({{lang|ar|يوم الدين}} "Maalinta Diinta");<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|1|4|b=y}};</ref> ''as-Sāʿah'' ({{lang|ar|الساعة}} "Saacadda Dambe");<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|6|31|b=y}};</ref> iyo ''[[Al-Qaria|al-Qāriʿah]]'' ({{lang|ar|القارعة}} "Qaylisaada").<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|101|1|b=y}}</ref> === Qadarka === {{Main|Predestination in Islam}} Qaar ka mid ah Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin qadarka ilaahay, ({{langx|ar|القضاء والقدر}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-qadāʾ wa l-qadar}}'') in arrin kasta uu qaddaray Ilaahay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |date=2002 |title=Andras Rajki's A. E. D. (Arabic Etymological Dictionary) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208204654/http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |archive-date=8 December 2011 |access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Cohen-Mor|2001|p=4}}: "The idea of predestination is reinforced by the frequent mention of events 'being written' or 'being in a book' before they happen": Say: "Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us..."</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Karamustafa |first=Ahmet T. |c=Fate |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}: The verb ''qadara'' literally means "to measure, to determine". Here it is used to mean that "God measures and orders his creation".</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Gardet|first=L.|year=2012|c=al-Ḳaḍāʾ Wa 'l-Ḳadar |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0407}}</ref> [[Mu'tazilism|Mu'tasiladu]] iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada Muslimiinta ah ma rumeysna fikraddan.<ref>[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.131-2</ref><ref>[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.132</ref><ref>''Need of Religion'', by Sayyid [[Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi]], p. 14.</ref><ref>''Muslims'', by S. H. M. Rizvi, Shibani Roy, B. B. Dutta, p. 20.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shirazi |first1=Naser Makarem |title=The Justice of God |publisher=Al-Islam.org |url=https://www.al-islam.org/justice-god-naser-makarem-shirazi/issue-predestination-and-free-will |access-date=14 June 2022 |chapter=The Issue of Predestination and Free Will|date=12 May 2015 }}</ref><ref>''Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures'', by Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 137.</ref> Badanaa, rumaysashadan masiirka ilaahay waxaa lagu muujiyaa erayga ''[[Inshallah]]'', ({{langx|ar|إن شاء الله}}, {{transliteration|ar|haddii Alle jiro}}) marka laga hadlayo dhacdooyinka mustaqbalka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muslim beliefs – Al-Qadr |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |access-date=13 November 2020 |publisher=BBC |work=Bitesize – GCSE – Edexcel |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115112558/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Ficilada cibaadada == {{Main|Five Pillars of Islam|Ibadah}} Waxaa jira shan ficil oo cibaado ah oo loo arko inay yihiin [[fard|waajibaad]]–Shahaadada, salaadaha shanta ah ee maalinlaha ah, [[Zakat|sakada]], [[fasting during Ramadan|soonta bisha Ramadaan]], iyo xajka [[Hajj|Hajka]]—oo si wadajir ah loogu yaqaano "Tiirarka Islaamka" (''Arkān al-Islām''). Intaa waxaa dheer, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale sameeyaan ficilo kale oo ikhtiyaari ah oo dhiirrigel leh laakiin aan loo arkin inay yihiin waajibaad.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=ZAROUG|first=ABDULLAHI HASSAN|date=1985|title=THE CONCEPT OF PERMISSION, SUPEREROGATORY ACTS AND ASETICISM &#91;sic&#93; IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=167–180|jstor=20847307|issn=0578-8072|access-date=7 January 2023|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207140013/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|url-status=live}}</ref> === Shahaadada === [[File:Silver Rupee Akbar.jpg|thumb|right|Lacag qalinkii qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Akbar|Akbarkii Weyn]], Boqorkii [[Mughal Empire|Mugalka]], [[India]], oo lagu qoray [[Shahada|Shahaadada]].]] {{Main|Shahada}} [[shahada]]h{{sfnp|Nasr|2003|pp=3, 39, 85, 270–272}} waa [[oath|dhaar]] lagu caddaynayo rumaysashada Islaamka. Qoraalka la ballaariyay waa "{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ʾašhadu ʾal-lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh}}" ({{langx|ar|أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله|label=none}}), ama, "Waxaan qirayaa inuusan jirin [[deity|ilaah]] aan ahayn [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] waxaanuna qirayaa in Maxamed yahay rasuulkii Ilaahay."<ref name="Mohammad-1985">{{cite journal |last=Mohammad |first=Noor |date=1985 |title=The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-law-and-religion_1985_3_2/page/381 |journal=[[Journal of Law and Religion]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=381–397 |doi=10.2307/1051034 |jstor=1051034 |publisher=Journal of Law and Religion, Inc. |language=en}}</ref> Islaamka waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu doodaa inuu leeyahay caqiido aad u fudud iyadoo shahaadadu ay tahay saldhigga diinta ka hartay. Aan-Muslimiinta raba inay [[Conversion to Islam|soo islaamaan]] waxaa looga baahan yahay inay ku dhawaaqaan shahaadada hortooda markhaatiyaal.<ref>{{harvc |last=Kasim |first=Husain |year=2004 |c=Islam |pp=195–197 |in=Salamone}}</ref><ref name="Galonnier-2021">{{cite book |last=Galonnier |first=Juliette |editor-last=van Nieuwkerk |editor-first=Karin |title=Moving In and Out of Islam |chapter=Moving In or Moving Toward? Reconceptualizing Conversion to Islam as a Liminal Process |location=New York |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2021 |pages=44–66 |doi=10.7560/317471-003 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023001/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}</ref> === Salaadda === [[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|thumb|[[Muslims|Muslimiin]] tukanaya ([[salah]]) gudaha [[Egypt]] waxaa alifay [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1865.]] {{Main|Salah}} {{See also|Mosque|Jumu'ah}} Salaadda Islaamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[salah|as-salaad]] ({{langx|ar|الصلاة|link=no}}), ama erayga [[Persian language|Faarisiga]] ee ah "Namaz." Waxaa loo arkaa xiriir shakhsi ah oo lala leeyahay Ilaahay, waxayna ka kooban tahay ku celcelinta qaybo la yiraahdo [[rakat|rakco]] oo ay ku jiraan [[Ruku|rukooc]] iyo [[Sujud|sujuud]] loo sujuudayo Ilaahay. Waxaa jira shan salaadood oo la cayimay maalintii oo dhan kuwaas oo loo arko waajibaad. Salaadaha waxaa lagu akhriyaa luqadda Carabiga waxaana lagu fuliyaa [[Qibla|dhanka]] [[Kaaba|Kacbada]]. Ficilku sidoo kale wuxuu u baahan yahay xaalad nadiif ah oo diimeed oo lagu gaaro hababka [[wudu|weysada]] ama, xaaladaha qaarkood, qubays buuxa oo [[ghusl|qubays ah]].<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=18, 19}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Hedayetullah|2006|pp=53–55}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Kobeisy|2004|pp=22–34}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Momen|1987|p=178}}</ref> [[mosque|Masaajidka]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano masjid ama namazgah, waa [[places of worship|goob cibaado]] oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Inkasta oo ujeeddada ugu weyn ee masaajidku ay tahay inuu u adeego meel salaadeed, sidoo kale waa xarun bulsho oo muhiim u ah [[ummah|bulshada Muslimka ah]]. Tusaale ahaan, [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], wuxuu sidoo kale u adeegi jiray hoy ay degaan dadka saboolka ah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mattson |first=Ingrid |year=2006 |title=Women, Islam, and Mosques |pages=615–629 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America |series=Volume 2, Part VII. Islam |editor1=R. S. Keller |name-list-style=and |editor2=R. R. Ruether |place=Bloomington and Indianapolis |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-34687-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&pg=PA615 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&pg=PA615#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Minaret|Minaarooyinku]] waa munaarooyin loo isticmaalo in lagu yeero [[adhan|aanka]], kaas oo ah yeedhid afka ah oo lagu calaamadinayo waqtiga salaadda.<ref name="Pedersen-Masjid-2010">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Pedersen |first1=Johannes |last2=Hillenbrand |first2=Robert |last3=Burton-Page |first3=John |author-link3=John Burton-Page |title=Masd̲j̲id |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2010 |doi=10.1163/9789004206106_eifo_COM_0694 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |title=Mosque |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928065350/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |url-status=live }}</ref> === Sakada === [[File:Slot at the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II 1.jpg|thumb|Meel lagu bixiyo sakada oo ku taal [[Zawiya of Moulay Idris II]] ee [[Fez, Morocco]].]] {{Main|Zakat}} {{See also|Sadaqah}} [[Zakat|Sakada]] ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|زكاة|translit=zakāh|label=none}}), waa nooc ka mid ah [[Alms|Sadaqada]] oo lagu garto bixinta qayb go'an (2.5% sanadkii)<ref name="Ahmed-Gianci-2005">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Ahmed |first1=Medani |last2=Gianci |first2=Sebastian |title=Zakat |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy |editor1-last=Cordes |editor1-first=Joseph J. |editor2-last=Ebel |editor2-first=Robert D. |editor3-last=Gravelle |editor3-first=Jane |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Urban Institute Press |year=2005 |page=479 |isbn=978-0877667520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m66_BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA479 |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}</ref> ee [[Financial capital|hantida la ururiyay]] ay bixiyaan kuwa awoodda u leh si ay u caawiyaan dadka saboolka ah ama baahan, sida xoraynta maxaabiista, kuwa [[bonded labor|dayn ku jira]], ama safarka ku ah, iyo kuwa loo shaqaaleysiiyo ururinta sakada. Waxay u shaqaysaa sidii nooc ka mid ah [[welfare spending|gar-gaar bulsheed]] oo ka jira bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ariff |first=Mohamed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&pg=PA55 |title=The Islamic Voluntary Sector in Southeast Asia: Islam and the Economic Development of Southeast Asia |publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] |year=1991 |isbn=978-981-3016-07-1 |pages=55– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023007/https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&&pg=PA55 |url-status=live }}</ref> Waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad diimeed oo ay dadka ladani ku leeyihiin kuwa baahan sababtoo ah hantidooda waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timid nimcada Ilaahay,<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2010|p=109–110}}: This is not regarded as charity because it is not really voluntary but instead is owed, by those who have received their wealth as a trust from God's bounty, to the poor.</ref> waxaana loo arkaa daahirinta hantida dheeraadka ah ee qofka.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = RoutledgeCurzon| isbn = 9780415297967| title =Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present.| location = United Kingdom| year = 2003| last=Ridgeon| first=Lloyd| url = | page = 258|quote=Aside from its function of purifying believers' wealth, the payment of zakat may have contributed in no small way to the economic welfare of the Muslim community in Mecca.}}</ref> Wadarta guud ee sanadlaha ah ee lagu bixiyo sakada ayaa ah 15 jeer ka badan deeqaha gargaarka bini'aadamnimada ee adduunka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo qiyaaso taxaddar leh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 2012 |title=A faith-based aid revolution in the Muslim world |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114014900/https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sadaqah|Sadaqadu]], si ka duwan Sakada, waa sadaqo ikhtiyaari ah oo aad loo dhiirrigeliyo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Said |first=Abdul Aziz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&pg=PA145 |title=Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-77011-8 |page=145 |display-authors=etal |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023121/https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&pg=PA145 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/72 72]}} [[Waqf|Waaqfeku]] waa [[charitable trust|kalsooni samafal]] oo joogto ah, taas oo maalgelisa isbitaallada iyo dugsiyada bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=A. |title=Equity and Trusts |year=2003 |edition=3rd |page=32 |location=London |publisher=Cavendish Publishing |isbn=1-85941-729-9}}</ref> === Soonta === [[File:Iftar for Ramadhan.jpg|thumb|Munaasabadda afurka, oo loo yaqaan ''[[Iftar]]'', waxaa dhaqan ahaan lagu bixiyaa [[date (fruits)|timir]].]] {{Main|Fasting in Islam}} {{See also|Fasting during Ramadan}} Islaamka dhexdiisa, soonta ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|صوم|translit=ṣawm|label=none}}) waxay mamnuucaysaa cuntada iyo cabitaanka, iyo sidoo kale noocyada kale ee isticmaalka, sida [[Smoking in Islam|sigaar-cabista]], waxaana la fuliyaa laga bilaabo waaberiga ilaa qorrax-dhaca. Inta lagu jiro bisha [[Ramadan]], waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad saaran Muslimiinta inay soomaan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramadan |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009215438/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |url-status=live }}</ref> Soontu waxay dhiirrigelisaa dareen u dhowaanshaha Ilaahay iyadoo qofku is celinayo dartii Ilaahay wixii kale ee bannaan iyo in laga fikiro kuwa baahan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira maalmo kale, sida [[Day of Arafah|Maalinta Carafo]], marka soontu ay tahay ikhtiyaari.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher =Tughra Books | isbn = 9781597846110| title = Fasting In Islam And The Month Of Ramadan| location = United States| year =2006 | last=Ramadanali| url = |page=51 | quote = }}</ref> === Xajka === {{Main|Hajj|Umrah}} {{See also|Holiest sites in Islam}} [[File:A packed house - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Xujeyda intii lagu jiray xilli [[Hajj|Hajka]] ee [[Masjid al-Haram]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Saudi Arabia|Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]].]] [[pilgrimage|Xajka]] Islaamka, ee loo yaqaan {{transliteration|ar|ALA|ḥajj}} ({{langx|ar|حج|link=no}}), waa in la qabtaa ugu yaraan hal mar nolosha qof kasta oo Muslim ah oo awood u leh inta lagu jiro [[Islamic calendar|bisha Islaamka]] ee [[Dhu al-Hijjah]]. Caadooyinka Hajku waxay inta badan ku daydaan sheekada qoyska [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Dr Zakir |author-link=Zakir Naik |date=7 January 2025 |title=What Are the Pillars of Islam? |url=https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115054332/https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-date=2025-11-15 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Islampidia |language=en-AU}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Five Pillars of Islam |url=https://localhost:5000/learn/educators/curriculum-resources/art-of-the-islamic-world/unit-one/the-five-pillars-of-islam |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026}}</ref> [[Mecca|Makka]], xujeydu waxay toddobo jeer ku wareegaan [[Kaaba|Kacbada]], oo ay Muslimiintu rumeysan yihiin inuu dhisay Ibraahim meel cibaado ah, waxayna toddobo jeer u dhexeeyaan buuraha [[Safa and Marwa|Safa iyo Marwa]], iyagoo xusuusanaya tallaabooyinkii xaaska Ibraahim, [[Hagar]], oo u raadinaysay biyo ilmahaheedii [[Ishmael in Islam|Ismaaciil]] ee lamadegaanka ka hor intaan Makka is rogay degmo.<ref>{{harvp|Goldschmidt|Davidson|2005|p=48}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Farah|1994|pp=145–147}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Hajj |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> Xajku sidoo kale wuxuu ku lug leeyahay in la qaato maalin duco iyo cibaado ah oo ka dhacda bannaanada [[Mount Arafat|Carafo]] iyo sidoo kale [[Stoning_of_the_Devil|tuurista shaydaanka]] si calaamadaysan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F.E. |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |date=2009 |isbn=978-1-4008-2548-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&pg=PA19 |page=20 |publisher=Princeton University Press |access-date=7 October 2014 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023112/https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Dhammaan ragga Muslimiinta ah waxay xidhaan laba maro oo cad oo fudud oo aan tol lahayn oo loo yaqaan [[Ihram clothing|ixraam]], kuwaas oo loogu talagalay inay keenaan isku xirnaan jiilal iyo sinnaan ka dhexaysa xujeyda inkasta oo ay jiraan fasal ama asal.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cornell |first=Vincent J. |title=Voices of Islam: Voices of tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5LNUS0ciAAC&pg=PA29 |access-date=26 August 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-98733-6 |page=29}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Glassé|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA207 207]}}</ref> Nooc kale oo xaj ah, [[Umrah|Umrada]], waa ikhtiyaari waxaana la qaban karaa wakhti kasta oo sanadka ka mid ah. Goobaha kale ee xajka Islaamka waa [[Medina|Madiina]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ku geeriyooday, iyo sidoo kale [[Jerusalem|Quddus]], oo ah magaalo ay ku yaalliin nabiyo badan oo Islaam ah waana goobta [[Al-Aqsa|Al-Aqsa]], taas oo ahayd jihadii salaadda ka hor Makka.<ref>{{cite book|author=Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|title=The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades|publisher=Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University|year=1986|isbn=0918720583|editor1=Goss, V. P.|volume=21|page=208|editor2=Bornstein, C. V.|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023032/https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Trofimov-2008">{{cite book |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |author-link=Yaroslav Trofimov |title=The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine |location=New York |publisher=[[Knopf]] |date=2008 |page=79 |isbn=978-0-307-47290-8 |language=en}}</ref> === Ficilada cibaadada ee kale === {{See also|Quran#Recitation|Dua|Dhikr}} [[File:Men reading the Koran in Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria.jpg|thumb|Rag Muslimiin ah oo akhrinaya Quraanka gudaha [[Umayyad Mosque|Masjidka Umawiyiinta]] ee [[Damascus]], [[Syria]].]] Muslimiintu waxay akhriyaan oo xifdiyaan Quraanka oo dhan ama qaybo ka mid ah si ay u noqdaan camal wanaagsan. [[Tajwid|Tajwiidku]] wuxuu tilmaamayaa xeerar taxane ah oo loogu talagalay [[elocution|akhriska saxda ah]] ee Quraanka.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = | isbn = | title = Foundation of Tajweed| location = | year = 2013|edition=2| last=Aboo Yahyaa| url = | page = 1 | quote = }}</ref> Muslimiin badan ayaa akhriya Quraanka oo dhan inta lagu jiro bisha Ramadaan.{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/42 42–43]}} Qofka xifdiyay Quraanka oo dhan waxaa loo yaqaanaa Xaafid ("xifdiyey"), xadiisyaduna waxay xusayaan in shakhsiyaadkani ay awood u yeelan doonaan inay shafeecaan dadka kale Maalinta Qiyaamaha.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=my7hnALd_NkC|page=70}} 70]}} Baryada Ilaahay, oo Carabiga lagu yiraahdo {{Transliteration|ar|DIN|duʿāʾ}} ({{langx|ar|دعاء}}&nbsp;{{IPA|ar|dʊˈʕæːʔ|IPA}}) waxay leedahay anshaxeedii gaarka ahaa sida [[Raising hands in dua|gacmaha oo la taago]] sidii iyadoo la baryayo.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Brill| isbn = 9789004335523| title = The Quṣṣāṣ of Early Islam| location = Netherlands| year = 2016| last=Armstrong| first=Lyall| url = | page = 184| quote = }}</ref> Xuska Ilaahay ({{langx|ar|ذكر|translit=Dhikr'|label=none}}) wuxuu tilmaamayaa erayada lagu celceliyo ee tixraacaya Ilaahay. Sida caadiga ah, tan waxaa ka mid ah Tahmiid, oo lagu dhawaaqayo [[Alhamdulillah|ammaan oo dhan waxaa leh Ilaahay]] ({{langx|ar|الحمد لله|translit=al-Ḥamdu lillāh|label=none}}) inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la dareemayo mahadnaq, [[Tasbih|Tasbiix]], oo lagu dhawaaqayo weyneynta Ilaahay inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la cajabo shay oo la dhaho '[[Basmala|bismillaah]]' ka hor intaan la bilaabin ficil sida cuntada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=alhamdulillah |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227042540/https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 27, 2020|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Lexico}}</ref> == Taariikhda == {{Main|Taariikhda Islaamka}} {{For timeline|Timeline of the history of Islam}} {{See also|List of Muslim empires and dynasties}}{{multiple image | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 600 | image1 = Masjid Nabawi The Prophet's Mosque, Madina.jpg | image2 = Jerusalem DomeoftheRock J65 (cropped).JPG | footer = Bidix: [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], Sacuudi Carabiya, waa [[holiest sites in islam|goobta labaad ee ugu barakeysan]] ee Islaamka. Maxamed laftiisa ayaa ku lug lahaa dhismaha masjidka, iyo [[Green Dome|Qubbadiisa Cagaaran]] waa halka lagu aasay. Midig: [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]] waa goobta saddexaad ee ugu barakeysan ee Islaamka, halkaas oo Maxamed uu uga kacay samada intii uu socday [[Isra' and Mi'raj|Isra' iyo Mi'raaj]]. Goobtu waxay ahayd jihadii hore ee salaadda ([[qibla]]), halkaas oo Muslimiintu ay horay ugu tukan jireen ka hor intaan jihada loo beddelin [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]] ka dib waxyi soo gaaray Maxamed. | caption1 = | caption2 = }} === Maxamed iyo bilowgii Islaamka (570–632) === {{Main|Muhammad|Muhammad in Islam}} {{for timeline|Timeline of early Islamic history}} {{Further|Muhammad in Mecca|Early social changes under Islam|First Islamic state}} [[File:Hira_Cave.jpg|thumb|[[Jabal al-Nour]] u dhow [[Mecca|Makka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ka helay [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] ee ku jiray godka Xira.]] Sida ku xusan dhaqanka Islaamka, Maxamed wuxuu ku dhashay [[Mecca|Makka]] sannadkii 570 [[Common Era|C.D.]] wuxuuna noqday agoon caruurnimadiisii. Isagoo ku koray ganacsade ahaan, wuxuu noqday mid loo yaqaan "[[Amin (name)|amin (mid la isku halayn karo)]]" ({{langx|ar|الامين}}) waxaana la doonayay inuu noqdo garsoore dhexdhexaad ah. Intuu ka dib guursaday shaqaalihiisii, haweeneydii ganacsatada ahayd ee [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadiija]].{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=6}} Sannadkii 610 C.D., isagoo dhibsaday hoos u dhaca akhlaaqda iyo shirkiga ka jiray Makka isla markaana raadinaya gooni-isu-taag iyo fikir ruuxi ah, Maxamed wuxuu u baxay Godka Xira ee buurta [[Jabal al-Nour]], oo u dhow Makka. Wuxuu ahaa intii uu ku sugnaa godka halkaas oo la sheegay inuu [[Muhammad's first revelation|helay waxyigii ugu horreeyay]] ee [[Quran|Quraanka]] oo uga yimid malaa'igta [[Gabriel|Jibriil]].<ref name="610CE" /> Dhacdadii bixitaankii Maxamed ee godka iyo waxyigii xigay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Night of Power|Leylatul Qadr]] waxaana loo arkaa dhacdo muhiim ah taariikhda Islaamka. Intii lagu guda jiray 22-kii sano ee ka dambeeyay nolosha, laga bilaabo da'da 40 wixii ka dambeeyay, Maxamed wuxuu sii waday helitaanka waxyiga Ilaahay, isagoo noqday kii ugu dambeeyay ama [[Seal of the prophets|nabigii ugu dambeeyay]] ee loo diray bini'aadamka.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Muhammad |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> [[File:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg|thumb|Maxamed oo la muujiyay waji daboolan oo jooga [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] laga soo qaatay [[Siyer-i Nebi]], {{Circa|1595}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ottomans : religious painting |url=http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/ottoman33.html |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>]] Inta lagu jiro xilligan, [[Muhammad in Mecca|halka uu joogay Makka, Maxamed]] wuxuu ku wacdiyay marka hore si qarsoodi ah ka dibna si cad, isagoo ka baryaya dhegaystayaashiisa inay ka tagaan [[Arab polytheism|shirkiga]] oo ay caabudaan hal Ilaah. Qaar ka mid ah [[Early Muslims|Muslimiintii ugu horreysay ee soo islaamtay]] waxay ahaayeen dumar, saboolka, ajaanibta, iyo addoommada sida mu'adinkii ugu horreeyay [[Bilal ibn Rabah|Bilaal bin Rabaax]].<ref>Rabah, Bilal B. ''[[Encyclopedia of Islam]].''</ref> Dadka waaweyn ee Makka waxay dareemeen in Maxamed uu [[Early social changes under Islam|khalday nidaamkooda bulsho]] isagoo ka wacdiyaya hal Ilaah oo siinaya fikrado laga shakiyo saboolka iyo addoommada sababtoo ah waxay faa'iida ka helayeen xajka sanamyada Kacbada.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ünal |first=Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&pg=PA1323 |title=The Qurʼan with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English |publisher=Tughra Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-59784-000-2 |pages=1323– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024048/https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&pg=PA1323#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|p=36}}</ref> Ka dib 12 sano oo ah [[Persecution of Muslims by Meccans|dhibaataynta Muslimiinta ay u geysanayeen dadkii Makka]], Maxamed iyo [[Companions of the Prophet|sahabbadiisii]] waxay sameeyeen [[Hegira|Hijradii]] 622 ee magaalada Yathrib (magaalada Madiina ee maanta). Wuxuu halkaas ka Aasaasay [[First Islamic state|Dowladdii Islaamiga ahayd ee ugu horreysay]] oo ay la socdaan Muslimiintii Madiina (''[[Ansar (Islam)|Ansaarta]]'') iyo muhaajiriintii Makka (''[[Muhajirun|Muhaajiriinta]]''). [[Constitution of Medina|Dastuurkii Madiina]] waxaa saxiixay dhammaan qabiilooyinkii Madiina. Tani waxay aasaastay xorriyadda diinta iyo xorriyadda isticmaalka sharcigooda u gaarka ah ee ka dhex jiray bulshooyinka Muslimka ah iyo kuwa aan Muslimka ahayn hammi ah in Madiina laga difaaco khataraha dibadda.{{sfnp|Serjeant|1978|p=4}} Ciidamadii Makka iyo xulafadoodii waxay guuldarro ka soo gaartay Muslimiinta [[Battle of Badr|Dagaalkii Badar]] 624 ka dibna waxay dagaalameen dagaal aan la isla ogayn oo ka dhacay [[Battle of Uhud|Dagaalkii Uxud]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Peter Crawford |title=The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |page=83 |publisher=Pen & Sword Books Limited |isbn=9781473828650 |date=2013-07-16 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023957/https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |url-status=live }}.</ref> ka hor intaanay ku guuldarraysan inay hareereeyaan Madiina [[Battle of the Trench|Dagaalkii Khandaq]] (Maarso–Abriil 627). Sannadkii 628, [[Treaty of al-Hudaybiya|Heshiiskii Xudeybiya]] ayaa la kala saxiixday Makka iyo Muslimiinta, laakiin waxaajabiyay Makka laba sano ka dib. Markii qabiilo badan ay islaameen, jidadkii ganacsiga ee Makka waxaa gooyay Muslimiinta.<ref>{{harvp|Peters|2003|pp=78–79, 194}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|pp=23–28}}</ref> Markaatay ahayd 629 Maxamed wuxuu ku guuleystay [[conquest of Mecca|furashadii Makka]] ee aan dhiiggu ku daadan, iyo waqtigii uu geeriyooday 632 (da'da 62) wuxuu midaysiiyay qabiilooyinkii Carabta]] hal qaran oo diimeed. === Islaamkii Hore (632–750) === {{Further|Succession to Muhammad|Early Muslim conquests}} {{See also|Ghadir Khumm|Saqifa|Canonization of Islamic scripture}} [[File:Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg|thumb|Expansion of the Caliphate{{legend|#a1584e|Muhammad, 622–632}}{{legend|#ef9070|Khulafo Al-Raashidiin, 632–661}}{{legend|#fad07d|Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750}}]] Nabi Maxamed wuxuu geeriyooday sanadkii 632 waxaana khulafadii ugu horreysay ee loo yaqaan Khulafo – Abu Bakr, Cumar, Cuthmaan, Cali iyo marmar Xasan bin Cali<ref>{{Cite book| last1 = Melchert| first1 = Christopher| date = 2020| contribution = The Rightly Guided Caliphs: The Range of Views Preserved in Ḥadīth| editor1-last = al-Sarhan| editor1-first = Saud| title = Political Quietism in Islam: Sunni and Shi'i Practice and Thought| location = London and New York| publisher = I.B. Tauris| isbn = 978-1-83860-765-4| pages = 70–71| contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=96TDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63| access-date = 17 February 2022| url-status = live}}</ref> – looga yaqaan Islaamka Sunniga ah ''al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn'' ("Khulafadii Hagaysa").{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=40}} Qaar kamid ah qabiilooyinka ayaa Islaamka ka tagay oo ka inkiiray madax sheegtay in ay yihiin nebiyo cusub balse Abu Bakr wuxuu ku jebiyey dagaalladii Riddada.<ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=57}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Hourani|2002|p=22}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=32}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Madelung|1996|p=43}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Ṭabāṭabāʼī|1979|pp=30–50}}</ref> Bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee Yuhuudda iyo Nasaarada asaliga ah, ee loo haystay dad laga tirada badan yahay oo diinaysan loona culeysiyay canshuuraha, ayaa inta badan ka caawiyey Muslimiinta inay qabsadaan dhulkooda,{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=38}} taasoo keentay in khilaafaddu ay si degdeg ah ugu ballaarato boqortooyooyinkii Saasaniyiinta iyo Biisantiinta.<ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=74}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=J. Kuiper |first=Matthew |title=Da'wa: A Global History of Islamic Missionary Thought and Practice |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9781351510721 |page=85}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira M. |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-521-51430-9 |pages=60–61 |author-link=Ira M. Lapidus}}</ref> Cuthmaan waxaa la doortay 644 waxaana dilkiisii uu kiciyey in Cali loo doorto Khaliifkii xigay. Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Koowaad, xaaskii Nebiga, Caashaa, waxay soo saartay ciidan ka soo horjeeda Cali, iyada oo isku dayaysa inay u aarto dhimashadii Cuthmaan, balse waa lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Geela. Cali wuxuu isku dayay inuu xilka ka qaado guddoomiyihii Suuriya, Mucaawiya, kaas oo loo arkayay musuqmaasuq. Mucaawiya ayaa markaas dagaal ku dhawaaqay Cali waana lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Sifeyn. Go'aanka Cali ee ahaa inuu dhex-dhexaadin sameeyo ayaa ka caraysiiyey Khawaarijta, oo ahayd koox xagjir ah, kuwaas oo qabay in aan la dagaallamin qof dembiile ah awgeed, Cali uu isna noqday dembiile. Khawaarijtu way caasiyoobeen waxaana lagu jebiyey Dagaalkii Nahrawan balse nin Khawaariji ah ayaa gadaal ka dilay Cali. Wiilkiii Cali, Xasan bin Cali, ayaa loo doortay Khaliif wuxuuna saxiixay heshiis nabadeed si looga fogaado dagaal kale, isaga oo xilka uga degay Mucaawiya si uusan Mucaawiya u soo magacaabin qof beddela.{{sfnp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=67–72}} [[File:Almuñécar, statue of Abd al-Rahman I.jpg|thumb|Taallo ay leedahay Cabduraxmaan I oo ku taal Almuñécar, Isbayn. Islaamku wuxuu gaaray Galbeedka Yurub 711 AD, markii Ṭariiq bin Siyaad uu galay Jasiiradda Iberia. Sanadkii 756, Cabduraxmaan wuxuu aasaasay Imaaradda Cordoba, isagoo ka aasaasay dowlad Islaami ah oo madaxbannaan al-Andalus.]] Mucaawiya wuxuu bilaabay Saldanaddii Umawiyiinta isagoo u magacaabay wiilkiisii Yaziid inay isku xigaan, taasoo dhalisay Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Labaad. Intii uu socday Dagaalkii Karbala, Xuseen bin Cali, wiilka labaad ee Cali iyo awowgii nebiga, waxaa si arxan darro ah u dilay ciidamadii Yaziid; dhacdadii waxaa sannad walba xusaa Muslimiinta Shiicada ah ilaa maanta. Sunniga, oo uu hoggaaminayo Ibn al-Zubayr oo kasoo horjeeda khilaafad dhaxal ah, ayaa lagaga adkaaday Go'doomintii Makka. Khilaafyadan hoggaanka ayaa keenay inuu dhasho khilaafka Sunni-Shiicada,{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harney |first=John |date=3 January 2016 |title=How Do Sunni and Shia Islam Differ? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/q-and-a-how-do-sunni-and-shia-islam-differ.html |access-date=4 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyadoo Shiicadu ay aaminsan tahay in hoggaanku uu leeyahay qoyskii Nebiga (Ahl al-bayt).{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}} Hoggaankii Abu Bakr wuxuu kormeeray bilowgii ururinta Qur'aanka. Khaliifkii Cumar bin Cabdicasiis wuxuu dhisay guddigii, Todobadii Fuqaha ee Madiina,{{sfnp|Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr|2012|p=505}}<ref>''Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz'' By Imam Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam died 214 AH 829 C.E. Publisher Zam Zam Publishers Karachi, pp. 54–59</ref> waxaana Malik bin Anas uu qoray mid ka mid ah buugagii ugu horreeyay ee ku saabsan fiiqhiga Islaamka, ''Muwatta'', oo ahayd is-afgarad ku saabsan aragtida culimadaas.{{sfnp|Coulson|1964|p=103}}<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last1=Houtsma |editor-first1=M.T. |editor-last2=Wensinck |editor-first2=A.J. |editor-last3=Lévi-Provençal |editor-first3=E. |editor-last4=Gibb |editor-first4=H.A.R. |editor-last5=Heffening |editor-first5=W. |series=Volume V: L—Moriscos |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1993 |edition=reprint |isbn=978-90-04-09791-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va6oSxzojzoC |pages=207– |access-date=19 September 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor=Moshe Sharon |title=Studies in Islamic History and Civilization: In Honour of Professor David Ayalon |year=1986 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789652640147 |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_wUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA264 |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Khawaarijtu waxay aaminsanaayeen in uusan jirin dhexdhexaad la tanaasuli karo oo u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo xumaanta, iyo in muslim kasta oo gala dembi weyn uu noqonayo gaal. Erayga "Khawaarij" waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday in lagu tilmaamo ISIS.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mamouri|first=Ali|date=8 January 2015|title=Who are the Kharijites and what do they have to do with IS?|work=Al-monitor|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2015/01/islamic-state-kjarijites-continuation.html|access-date=6 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Murji'ah waxay barayeen in dadka toosan lagu xukumi karo Eebbe kaligii. Sidaa darteed, dembiilayaasha waxaa loo arki karaa inay marin habaabeen, laakiin aan lagu tilmaamin gaalo.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=43}} Dabeecaddan ayaa timid inay ku guulaysato caqiidada Islaamka ee ugu weyn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}}[[File:BalianofIbelin1490.jpg|thumb|Saliibiyiinta oo ku wareejinaya Qudus Muslimiinta sanadkii 1187 AD.]] Saldanaddii Umawiyiintu waxay qabsatay Maqrib, Jasiiradda Iberia, Gallia Narbonensis iyo Sindh.<ref>{{cite book |first=Donald |last=Puchala |title=Theory and History in International Relations |page=137 |publisher=Routledge |year=2003}}</ref> Duullaamadii Islaamka ee hore waxaa lagu tilmaamay imperialism Islaami ah.<ref name="n050">{{cite journal | last=Wright | first=Craig S | title=Arab Colonialism and the Roots of the Golden Age of Islam | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | date=2022 | issn=1556-5068 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.4020040 | url=https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4020040 | access-date=2026-04-24 | page=}}</ref> Umawiyiintu waxay la halgamayeen l'aynaansho sharci ah waxayna ku tiirsanaayeen ciidan aad loo taageero.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=45}} Maaddaama canshuurta Jizya ay ahayd canshuur ay bixiyaan kuwa aan muslimka ahayn oo ka reebayay adeegga ciidanka, Umawiyiintu waxay diideen inay aqoonsadaan islaam-gelitaanka kuwa aan Carabta ahayn, maadaama ay yaraynaysay dakhliga.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Iyadoo Khilaafadii Raashidiintu ay adkaysay adduunyo la'aanta, iyadoo Cumar uu xitaa dalbanayo in la tiriyo hantida sarkaal kasta,<ref>{{cite book |first1=Ahmad Ibn Jabir|last1=Al-Biladhuri |first2=Philip|last2=Hitti|title=Kitab Futuhu'l-Buldan|page=219 |publisher=AMS Press |year=1969}}</ref> raaxada Umawiyiinta ayaa dhalisay qancin la'aan dadka diinta ku adag.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Khawaarijtu waxay hoggaamiyeen Kacdoonkii Berber, taasoo horseeday dowladaha ugu horreeya ee Islaamka oo ka madax bannaan Khilaafada. Kacdoonkii Cabbasiyiinta, kuwa aan Carabta ahayn ee soo islaamay (Mawla), qabiilooyinkii Carabta ee ay Umawiyiintu meesha ka saareen, iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada ayaa midoobay oo riday Umawiyiinta, iyaga oo bilaabay Cabbasiyiinta oo caalami ah sanadkii 750.{{sfnp|Lewis|1993|pp=71–83}} === Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka (786–1258) === {{Further|Hadith studies|Islamic philosophy}} {{See also|Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe|Turco-Persian tradition}} [[File:Al-Risalah_al-Dhahabiah.JPG|thumb|Bog ka mid ah Al-Risala al-Dhahabiyya ee Imam Ali al-Rida (809 AD), oo ah tii ugu qiimaha badnayd ee shaqooyinka Islaamka ee Sayniska Caafimaadka. Waxaa ku jira qaybo saynis sida Anatomiya, Histoloji, Fisioloji, Kimistari iyo Patoloji intii sayniska caafimaadku uu wali ahaa mid bilow ah.]] Al-Shafi'i wuxuu dejiyay hab lagu xaqiijiyo isku-halaynta xadiiska.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|p=86}} Waagii hore ee Ablaasiyiinta, aqoonyahanno sida Muhammad al-Bukhari iyo Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj waxay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Ahlusunna, halka aqoonyahanno sida Al-Kulayni iyo Ibn Babawayh ay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Shiicada. Astaamaha afar-madhab ee Ahlusunna—Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki, iyo Shafi'i—waxaa lagu tiiriyay dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Abū Ḥanīfa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Malik ibn Anas iyo al-Shafi'i. Taa beddelkeeda, dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Ja'far al-Sadiq waxay dhiseen Fiqhiga Ja'fari. Qarnigii 9aad, Al-Tabari wuxuu dhameystiray qafiskii ugu horreeyay ee Tafsiirka Quraanka, Tafsir al-Tabari, oo noqday mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu xigashada badan Ahlusunna Islaamka. Doobab ka mid ah Muslinka waxay ka fekereen ka-sallamaaynta nolosha duniyeed waxayna xoogga saareen saboolnimada, is-hoosaysiinta, iyo fogaanta dambiga ee ku basada diidmada rabitaanka jidhka. Zuhuudka sida Hasan al-Basri waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaq dib u zhugnaaday tasawwuf ama Sufi.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=90, 91}} Waqtigan, dhibaatooyinka fiqiga, gaar ahaan doorashada xorta ah, waxay ahaayeen kuwo si adag loo maareeyay, iyadoo Hasan al-Basri uu qabay in kasta oo Eebbe uu og yahay waxa dadku sameynayaan, wanaagga iyo xintu ay ka yimaadaan isticmaalka qaldan ee doorashada xorta ah iyo Ibliiska.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|pp=38-39}}{{efn|"Hasan al-Basri waxaa inta badan loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah dadkii ugu horreeyay ee diaday asalka malaa'igta ee ibliiska, isagoo ku doodaya in dhicitaankiisu yahay natiijada doorashadiisa xorta ah, oo ma ahan go'aanka Eebbe. Hasan al-Basri wuxuu sidoo kale ku dooday in malaa'igtu aysan awoodin dambiga ama khaladaadka oo ay ka sharaf badan yihiin aadanaha iyo xata cabsida nabiyada. Shiicada iyo Sunnida hore waxay ka soo horjeedeen ra'yigiisa.<ref>Omar Hamdan ''Studien zur Kanonisierung des Korantextes: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs Beiträge zur Geschichte des Korans'' Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 2006 {{ISBN|978-3447053495}} pp. 291–292 (German)</ref>}} Falsafada Caqliga Giriiga waxay dhiirrigelisay dugsi feker oo loo yaqaan Mu'tazila, oo si ka muuqata u dooday fikradda doorashada xorta ah ee uu bilaabay Wasil ibn Ata.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=50}} Khaliif al-Mamun wuxuu ka dhigay caqiido rasmi ah wuxuuna si aan guul lahayn ugu doortay inuu ku qasbo booskan dadka intiisa badan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=88}} Khaliif Al-Mu'tasim wuxuu sameeyay Mihna, iyadoo Ahmad ibn Hanbal oo ilaalinaayay dhaqanka uu si muuqata u diaday inuu waafaqo fikradda Mu'tazila ee ah in Quraanku yahay ku dhacay halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa mid weligeed ah, taas oo ka dhigtay in la jilciyo oo lagu hayo qol madow muddo ku dhow soddon bilood.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Doi |first=Abdur Rahman |title=Shariah: The Islamic Law |location=London |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-907461-38-8 |page=110}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dugsiyada kale ee Kalam—Māturīdism oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi iyo Ash'ari oo uu aasaasay Al-Ash'ari—waxay ahaayeen kuwo si ballaaran loo qaatay. Falsafadyahannada sida Al-Farabi, Avicenna iyo Averroes waxay isku deyeyeen inay waafajiyaan fikradaha Aristotle iyo fundamentiinta Islaamka, iyagoo u dhow Iskolastikada Kiristanka ee Yuubka iyo shaqada Maimonides ee Yuhuudda, halka kuwo kale sida Al-Ghazali ay ka soo horjeedeen habkan oo ugu dambeyntii guuleysteen.<ref>{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=160}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=126–127}}</ref> [[File:Al-Idrisi's_world_map.JPG|thumb|Tabula Rogeriana (1154 AD) ee al-Idrisi, oo ah mid ka mid ah khariidadaha dunida ee ugu horumarsanaa qarniyadii dhexe, oo la sameeyay Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.]] Axdigan inta badan waxaa loo yaqaan Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.<ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=80, 92, 105}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|pp=661–663}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=56}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Lewis|1993|p=84}}</ref><ref name="harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012">{{harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012}}</ref> Guulaha sayniska Islaamku waxay samaysteen qaybo badan oo maadooyin ah sida caafimaadka, xisaabta, astronomiga, iyo beeraha iyo sidoo kale fisigiska, dhaqaalaha, injineernimada iyo optigga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=King |first=David A. |year=1983 |title=The Astronomy of the Mamluks |journal=Isis |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=531–55 |doi=10.1086/353360 |s2cid=144315162 | issn=0021-1753}}</ref><ref name="Hassan-1996">{{cite book |last=Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y. al-Hassan |title=Islam and the Challenge of Modernity |chapter=Factors Behind the Decline of Islamic Science After the Sixteenth Century |editor-last=Al-Attas |editor-first=S. S. |editor-link=Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization |year=1996 |pages=351–399 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ854295.pdf|title=Contributions of Islamic scholars to the scientific enterprise|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The greatest scientific advances from the Muslim world|website=TheGuardian.com|date=February 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/feb/01/islamic-science|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Avicenna wuxuu ahaa horyaal ku saabsan caafimaadka tijaabada ah,<ref>Jacquart, Danielle (2008). "Islamic Pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Theories and Substances". European Review (Cambridge University Press) 16: 219–227.</ref><ref>David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", Heart Views 4 (2).</ref> oo The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo isticmaalay qoraal caafimaad oo heer sare ah ee dunida Islaamka iyo Yurub qarniyo. Rhazes wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aqoonsaday cudurrada furfuraa iyo jadeecada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx|title=Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes) (c. 865-925)|publisher=sciencemuseum.org.uk|access-date=31 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 Bisha Shanaad 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506072259/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx}}</ref> Cisbitaallada dadweynaha ee waqtigaas waxay bixiyeen shahaadooyinka ugu horreeya ee caafimaadka si loogu ogolaado dhakhaatiirta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alatas |first=Syed Farid |year=2006 |title=From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue |url=https://zenodo.org/record/29439 |journal=Current Sociology |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=112–132 |doi=10.1177/0011392106058837 |s2cid=144509355 |access-date=12 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Imamuddin |first=S.M. |title=Muslim Spain 711–1492 AD |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1981 |isbn=978-90-04-06131-6 |page=169}}</ref> Ibn al-Haytham waxaa loo tixgeliyaa aabaha habka sayniska ee casriga ah iyadoo inta badan loo sheego "saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee runta ah ee dunida", gaar ahaan shaqadiisa optigga.<ref>{{cite journal |author-link=Gerald J. Toomer|first=G. J. |last=Toomer |jstor=228328 |title=Review Work: Matthias Schramm (1963) ''Ibn Al-Haythams Weg zur Physik'' |journal=Isis |volume=55 |issue=4 |date=Dec 1964 |page=464 |quote=Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Al-Khalili |first=Jim |date=4 January 2009 |title=The 'first true scientist' |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gorini |first=Rosanna |date=October 2003 |title=Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision |journal=Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=53–55 |url=http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf |access-date=25 September 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Injineernimada, walaalaha Banū Mūsā aaladdooda turumbada tooska ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ahaan lahayd mashinkii ugu horreeyay ee la barnamijayn karo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Koetsier |first1=Teun |title=On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mechanism-and-machine-theory_2001-05_36_5/page/589 |journal=Mechanism and Machine Theory |date=May 2001 |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=589–603 |doi=10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2 }}</ref> Xisaabta Islaamka, fikradda algorithm waxaa lagu magacaabay Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, oo loo tixgeliyo aasaasaha aljabra, oo lagu magacaabay buugiisa al-jabr, halka kuwo kale ay soo saareen fikradda shaqada (function).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Katz |first1=Victor J. |author1-link=Victor J. Katz |last2=Barton |first2=Bill |title=Stages in the History of Algebra with Implications for Teaching |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-studies-in-mathematics_2007-10_66_2/page/185 |journal=Educational Studies in Mathematics |date=18 September 2007 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=185–201 |doi=10.1007/s10649-006-9023-7 |s2cid=120363574 }}</ref> Dowladda waxay siin jirtay saynisyahannada mushahar u dhigma mushaharka ciyaartoyda xirfadleyda ah ee maanta.<ref>{{harvp|Ahmed|2006|pp=23, 42, 84}}</ref> Guinness World Records wuxuu u aqoonsan yahay Jaamacadda Al Karaouine, oo la aasaasay 859, inay tahay jaamacadda ugu qadiimsan ee bixisa shahaadooyinka dunida.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Young |first=Mark |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofwo1998newy |title=The Guinness Book of Records |year=1998 |page=242 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-57895-9}}</ref> Dad badan oo aan Muslin ahayn, sida Kiristanka, Yuhuudda iyo Saabi'iinta,<ref name="Brague 2009">{{cite book|title=The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam|first=Rémi |last=Brague|year= 2009| isbn=9780226070803| page =164|publisher=University of Chicago Press|quote=Neither were there any Muslims among the Ninth-Century translators. Almost all of them were Christians of various Eastern denominations: Jacobites, Melchites, and, above all, Nestorians... A few others were Sabians.}}</ref> waxay guntadeen ilbaxnimada Islaamka qaybo meelaha ah,<ref name="Hill-1993">{{cite book |last=Hill |first=Donald |author-link=Donald Routledge Hill |title=Islamic Science and Engineering |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=1993 |page=4 |isbn=0-7486-0455-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Brague-Assyrians">{{cite web |last=Brague |first=Rémi |author-link=Rémi Brague |title=Assyrians contributions to the Islamic civilization |url=http://www.christiansofiraq.com/assyriancontributionstotheislamiccivilization.htm |website=Christians of Iraq |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref> iyo machadka loo yaqaan Bayt al-Hikma wuxuu u shaqaaleysiiyay aqoonyahanno Kiristan iyo Faarisi ah si ay ugu turjumaan shaqooyinka luqadda Carabiga iyo si ay u soosaaraan aqoon cusub.<ref name="Meri-Bacharach-2006">{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Meri |editor-first1=Josef W. |editor-link1=Josef W. Meri |editor-last2=Bacharach |editor-first2=Jere L. |editor-link2=Jere L. Bacharach |title=Hadith |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |page=304 |isbn=978-0415966917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MypbfKdMePIC&pg=PA304 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Saliba-1994">{{cite book |last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George Saliba |title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam |location=New York |publisher=New York University Press |year=1994 |pages=245, 250, 256–57 |isbn=0-8147-8023-7 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Cheshm manuscript.jpg|thumb|Anatomiya ee isha oo uu samaystay Hunayn ibn Ishaq, oo mas'uul ka ahaa turjumida Bayt al-Hikma waagii Boqortooyada Ablaasiyiinta, 1200 AD.]]Askartu waxay ka go'een boqortooyadii Ablaasiyiinta waxayna dhiseen khilaafadooda propriyada ah, sida Tulunids oo 868 ku tirsanaa Masar<ref>{{cite book|last=Holt|first=Peter Malcolm|author-link=Peter Holt (historian)|title=The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, 1098–1291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0qLHVGgH7AC&pg=PA8|year=2004|publisher=Pearson Longman|isbn=978-0-582-36931-3|page=6|access-date=2 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo boqortooyada Ghaznavid oo 977 ku tirsanaa Aasiyada Dhexe.<ref>{{cite book |title=Islamic Central Asia: an anthology of historical sources |editor-first1=Scott Cameron |editor-last1=Levi |editor-first2=Ron |editor-last2=Sela |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2010 |page=83}}</ref> Qaybsanaantan waxay keentay Qarnigii Shiicada, oo u dhaxeeyay 945 iyo 1055, oo la arkay kor u kaca dhaqdhaqaaqa Isma'ili Shiicada. Koox Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Fatimid, waxay gacanta ku dhigeen Waqooyiga Afrika qarnigii 10aad<ref>Neue Fischer Weltgeschichte "Islamisierung in Zentralasien bis zur Mongolenzeit" Band 10: Zentralasien, 2012, p. 191 (German)</ref> iyo koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, Qarmatians, waxay boobeen Makka waxayna xadeen Hajar al-Aswad, oo ah dhagaxa ku dhex jira Kacbada, dib-u-jabayntooda aan guulaysan.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Glubb |first=John Bagot |title=Mecca (Saudi Arabia) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mecca#ref887188 |access-date=18 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}</ref> Koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Buyid, waxay qabsadeen Baqdaad waxayna ka dhigeen Ablaasiyiinta boqortooyo magac ah oo kaliya. Boqortooyada Seljuk ee Ahlusunna waxay u dhaqaaqday inay mar kale adkayso Islaamka Ahlusunna iyagoo faafinayay ra'yiyada aqoonyahanada waqtigaas, gaar ahaan dhisidda machadyada waxbarashada ee loo yaqaan Nizamiyyas, oo la xiriira al-Ghazali iyo Saadi Shirazi.<ref>Andreas Graeser ''Zenon von Kition: Positionen u. Probleme'' Walter de Gruyter 1975 {{ISBN|978-3-11-004673-1}} p. 260</ref> Faaftada dunida Muslinka waxay sii socotay iyadoo ergooyinka diinta ay u badaleen Volga Bulgaria Islaamka. Sultanada Delhi waxay gaadhay gudaha qaarad-hoosaadka Hindiya oo kuwo badan ayaa u badalay Islaamka,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=227–228}} gaar ahaan Hinduga heerka hoose ee faracoodu ka kooban yahay inta badan Muslinka Hindiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36220329|title=Why are many Indian Muslims seen as untouchable?|publisher=BBCnews|date=10 May 2016|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Ganacsigu wuxuu keenay Muslin badan oo Shiinaha ah, halkaas oo ay si buuxda u xukumi jireen warshadaha soo dejinta iyo ka deerinta ee boqortooyada Song.<ref>{{cite web |title=Islam in China |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/china_1.shtml |access-date=10 August 2011 |publisher=BBC |url-status=live }}</ref> Muslinka waxaa loo qortay maamulayaal la doortay oo heer sare ah boqortooyada Yuan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lipman|first=Jonathan Newman|title=Familiar Strangers, a history of Muslims in Northwest China|location=Seattle, WA|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-295-97644-0|page=33}}</ref> === Casrigii Ka-horreeyay Casriga Cusub (1258 – Qarnigii 18aad) === {{Further|Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam}} [[File:GhazanConversionToIslam.JPG|thumb|Muuqaal qarnigii 14aad ee Ghazan, oo ahaa boqorkii 7aad ee Ilkhanate ee Boqortooyada Mongol, oo Islaamay.]] Pobalka ganacsiga Muslinka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa tariiqooyinka Sufida dhiigooda,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=125–258}} Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay dhulal cusub<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spread of Islam |url=http://www.yale.edu/yup/pdf/cim6.pdf |access-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Muslinkuna waxay la dhex-galeen dhaqammo cusub. Hoos kaga jirtay Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay Koonfur-bari Yuuroop.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2008 |title=Ottoman Empire |publisher=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&_pos=3 |access-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 Bisha Shanaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525072847/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&_pos=3 }}</ref> Islaamidda inta badan waxay lahayd heer sinkretisam ah,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Islamic and European Expansion |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1993 |editor-last=Adas |editor-first=Michael |location=Philadelphia |page=25}}</ref> sida uu muujinayo muuqaalka Muhammad ee suugaanta dadweynaha ee Hinduga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara |title=Islam in South Asia in Practice |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2009 |page=104}}</ref> Turkida Muslinka ah waxay ku dareen walxaha caqiidada Shamanisamka Turkida Islaamka.{{efn|"Sannadaha dhow, fikradda sinkretisamka waa la dhuftay. Maaddaama ay maqan tahay awood lagu go'aamiyo ama lagu tixgeliyo caqiidada Ortodokska ee ku saabsan Islaamka, aqoonyahannada qaarkood waxay ku doodayaan inaysan jirin caqiidooyinka la qresheeyay, oo kaliya ee la amray habka, Islaamka ka hor qarnigii 16aad.{{sfnp|Peacock|2019|p=20–22}}}}{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|pp=1425–1429}} Muslinka ku jira Boqortooyada Ming ee Shiinaha oo ka soo jeeda soo-galootigii hore waa la la-dhex-galay, mararka qaar shuruuc ku dhiirrigelisa dhex-galka,<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Farmer|editor1-first=Edward L.|title=Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule|date=1995|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004103910|page=82|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCIjZ7l6TX8C&pg=PA82|access-date=19 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> iyagoo qaatay magacyada Shiinaha iyo dhaqanka halka Nanjing uu noqday xarun muhiim ah ee barashada Islaamka.<ref>Israeli, Raphael (2002). ''Islam in China''. p. 292. Lexington Books. {{ISBN|0-7391-0375-X}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dillon |first=Michael |year=1999 |title=China's Muslim Hui Community |publisher=Curzon |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasmuslimhuic00dill |isbn=978-0-7007-1026-3 |page=37 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ndhex-galka dhaqanka wuxuu ahaay mid muuqda iyadoo la yaraysay saamaynta Carabta ka dib burburintii Mongol ee Khilafadii Ablaasiyiinta.<ref>{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=497}}</ref> Khanates-ka Mongol ee Muslinka ah ee ku jira Iiraan iyo Aasiyada Dhexe waxay ka faa'iideysteen kordhinta helitaanka dhaqammada ee Bariga Aasiya oo hoos jirtay xukunkii Mongol sidaas darteed waxay u horumareen oo ay u samaysteen si ka duwan saamaynta Carabta, sida Dib-u-dhalashadii Timurid oo hoos jirtay boqortooyada Timurid.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Subtelny |first=Maria Eva |date=November 1988 |title=Socioeconomic Bases of Cultural Patronage under the Later Timurids |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/socioeconomic-bases-of-cultural-patronage-under-the-later-timurids/2A0F3018EE155F23FC4A7F5F25D7DE6D |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=479–505 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800053861 |s2cid=162411014 |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wuxuu soo bandhigay qaabka xisaabta oo ka dib loo dooday inuu qaatay Copernicus isagoo aan waxba ka badalin qaabkiisa heliocentric-ka,<ref>{{cite web|date=1999|title=Nasir al-Din al-Tusi|publisher=University of St Andrews|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Tusi_Nasir/|access-date=27 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo qiyaasta pi ee Jamshīd al-Kāshī ma aysan dhaafin 180 sano.<ref>{{cite web |date=1999 |title=Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi |publisher=University of St Andrews |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Kashi/ |access-date=29 December 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg|thumb|Mehmed II oo galaya Constantinople.]] Ka dib markii la soo bandhigay hubka baaruda, dawlado waaweyn oo dhawaan xabbada lahaa oo Muslin ah ayaa ku bashqaday boqortooyoyinka baaruda, kuwaas oo hore u kala qaybsanaay dhulal kala duwan. Khilafada waxaa sheegtay boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo sheegashadooda la adkeeyay 1517 markii Selim I uu noqday taliyaha Makka iyo Madiina.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Drews |first=Robert |url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/publications/ |title=Coursebook: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, to the Beginnings of Modern Civilization |date=August 2011 |publisher=Vanderbilt University |chapter=Chapter Thirty – "The Ottoman Empire, Judaism, and Eastern Europe to 1648" |chapter-url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/files/2014/01/Chapter-Thirty.-The-Ottoman-Empire-Judaism-and-Eastern-Europe-to-1648.pdf |access-date=21 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Boqortooyada Shiicada ee Safavid waxay ku korortay awoodda 1501 ka dibna waxay qabsatay dhammaan Iiraan.<ref>Peter B. Golden: An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples; In: Osman Karatay, Ankara 2002, p. 321</ref> Koonfurta Aasiya, Babur wuxuu aasaasay Boqortooyada Mughal.<ref>{{citation|last=Gilbert|first=Marc Jason|title=South Asia in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dhKDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75|year=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-066137-3|pages=75|access-date=15 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Diinta dawladaha ku dhex-jira ee boqortooyoyinka baaruda waxay saamaysay dhaqanka diimeed ee dadkooda ku dhex-jira. Wada-noolaanshaha u dhexeeya taliyayaasha Cusmaaniyiinta iyo Sufinimada wuxuu si adag u saameeyay xukunkii Islaamka ee Cusmaaniyiinta tan iyo bilowgii. Tariiqada Mevlevi iyo Bektashis waxay lahaayeen xiriir dhow oo ay la lahaayeen sultannada,<ref>Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 540</ref> maaddaama noocyada Sufi-suufiyada ah iyo kuwo kale oo sinkretik ah ee Islaamka ay u horumareen si muuqata.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Algar |first=Ayla Esen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fc69BhBDjhwC&q=ottomans+sufism |title=The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, Art, and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey |page=15 |date=1 January 1992 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07060-8 |access-date=29 April 2020 |via=Google Books |url-status=live }}</ref> Badanaa qasabka dhex-galka Safavid ee Iiraan ee Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha ee Boqortooyada Safavid wuxuu xaqiijiyay xukunkii dambe ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Shiicada. Soo-galootiga Faarisiga ah ee Koonfurta Aasiya, maaddaama ay ahaayeen maamulayaal saamayntooda leh iyo milkiilayaal dhul, waxay caawiyeen faafinta Islaamka Shiicada, iyagoo dhisay qaar ka mid ah dadka ugu waaweyn ee Shiicada ee ka baxsan Iiraan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/conversion-iii|title=CONVERSION To Imami Shiʿism in India|publisher=Iranica Online|language=English|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Nader Shah, oo riday Safavids, wuxuu isku deyey inuu wanaajiyo xiriirka Ahlusunna ee Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo la faafinayo dhex-galka Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Ahlusunna sida madhabka shanaad, oo loo yaqaan Ja'farism,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Nadir Shah and the Ja 'fari Madhhab Reconsidered |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=27 |issue=1–4 |date=1994 |pages=163–179 |doi=10.1080/00210869408701825 |jstor=4310891}}</ref> oo ku dhiirran waayay inuu helo aqoonsi ka soo baxa Cusmaaniyiinta.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Nāder Shāh |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nader-shah |date=29 March 2006 |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |access-date=9 March 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Casrigii Casriga Ahaa (Qarniyadii 18aad–20aad) === [[File:Portrait Caliph Abdulmecid II.jpg|thumb|Sawirka Khaliifkii ugu dambeeyay Abdülmecid II, ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, 1923.]] Horey qarnigii 14aad, Ibn Taymiyya wuxuu dhiirrigeliyay qaab daahir ah oo Islaamka ah, isagoo diaday hababka falsafada si uu u doorbido fiqhiga fudud,<ref name="ReferenceA">Mary Hawkesworth, Maurice Kogan ''Encyclopedia of Government and Politics: 2-volume set'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-1-136-91332-7}} pp. 270–271</ref> wuxuuna ugu baaqay in loo furo albaabada ijtihadka halkii indho la'aan loogu dayan lahaa aqoonyahannada.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=150}} Wuxuu ugu baaqay jihad ka dhan ah kuwa uu u tixgeliyay gaalo,{{Refn|group=note|Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} p. 6}} laakiin qoraalladiisu waxay lahaayeen oo kaliya doorkii ugu yaraa intii uu babacayay.{{Refn|group=note|Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri. SUNY Press. pp. 129–130.}} Qarnigii 18aad ee Carabiya, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, oo ay saameeyeen shaqooyinka Ibn Taymiyya iyo Ibn al-Qayyim, wuxuu aasaasay dhaqdhaqaaq loo yaqaan Wahhabism si loo laabto waxa uu u arkay Islaamka aan la badalin.<ref>Donald Quataert ''The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-83910-5}} p. 50</ref> Wuxuu cambaareeyay caadooyinka badan ee maxalliga ah ee Islaamka, sida bisitaynta qabriga Muhammad ama Imamyada Shiicada, maaddaama ay yihiin bidco cusub iyo dambi<ref name="ReferenceE">Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 260</ref> wuxuuna burburiyay dhagaxyada iyo geedaha xurmada leh, goobaha Sufida, Qabuuraha al-Baqi, qabuuraha Muhammad iyo asxaabtiisa iyo Qabriga Imam Husayn, oo ah goob muhiim ah oo loo bisiteeyo Shiicada.{{Refn|group=note|Graves desecrated in Mizdah, Libya Herald, 2013}}{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=146}} Wuxuu dhisay isbahaysi uu la leeyahay qoyska Saud, oo marka la joogo 1920-yadii ay dhammaystireen qabsashadooda dhulka noqon doona Sacuudi Carabiya.<ref name="Musa-2022">{{Cite thesis |title=The Emergence of a Scholar from a Garrison Society: A contextual analysis of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhāb's doctrine in the light of the Qur'ān and Hadīth |url=https://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/id/eprint/2096/ |publisher=University of Wales Trinity Saint David |date=2022-08-23 |degree=masters |language=en |first=Shahajada Md |last=Musa |access-date=19 December 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Nicolas Laos ''The Metaphysics of World Order: A Synthesis of Philosophy, Theology, and Politics'' Wipf and Stock Publishers 2015 {{ISBN|978-1-4982-0102-5}} p. 177</ref> Ma Wanfu iyo Ma Debao waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa salafida qarnigii 19aad sida Sailaifengye ee Shiinaha ka dib markii ay ka soo laabteen Makka laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa dhibay oo lagu qasbay inay dhuuntaan kooxaha Sufida.<ref>{{cite book|first=Barry M.|last=Rubin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA79|page=79|title=Guide to Islamist Movements|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=0-7656-1747-1|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Kooxaha kale waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Sufinimada halkii ay ka diadi lahaayeen, iyagoo Senusiyya iyo Muhammad Ahmad ay labadooduba dagaallameen oo ay dhiseen dawlado ku kala yaalla Liibiya iyo Sudaan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=147}} Hindiya, Shah Waliullah Dehlawi wuxuu isku deyey qaab dib u heshiisiin ah oo ka dhan ah Sufinimada wuxuuna saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=149}} Jawaab ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi, dhaqdhaqaaqa Barelwi waxaa loo aasaasay sida dhaqdhaqaaq dadweyne, iyadoo la difaacaayay Sufinimada caanka ah oo la dib u habaynayay dhaqankeeda.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Canfield |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3JhKNSk8tQC&pg=PAPA131 |title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52291-5 |pages=131– |access-date=1 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanyal |first=Usha |date=23 July 1998 |title=Generational Changes in the Leadership of the Ahl-e Sunnat Movement in North India during the twentieth Century |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/generational-changes-in-the-leadership-of-the-ahle-sunnat-movement-in-north-india-during-the-twentieth-century/8AAAC4CFEFC4F4084731C3964A5CAE84 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=635–656 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X98003059 |via=Cambridge Core |access-date=23 February 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[File:Interior of Al Aqsa Mosque Jerusalem. 1900-1910 (id.22715311).jpg|thumb|Sannadkii 1969 Dabka Masjidka Al-Aqsa, oo sidoo cuali burburiyay Minbarkii Saladin, wuxuu keenay ver-xaasidnimo taabtay dunida Muslinka wuxuuna ahaa kicin muhiim ah oo loo aasaasay Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka.]] Dunida Muslinka waxay guud ahaan ku jirtay hoos u dhac siyaasadeed markii ay bilaabatay 1800-yadii, gaar ahaan marka la barbardhigo awoodaha Yuuroop ee aan Muslinka ahayn. Horey, qarnigii 15aad, Reconquista waxay ku guuleysatay inay dhameeyo joogitaanka Muslinka ee Iberia. Marka la joogo qarnigii 19aad, British East India Company waxay si rasmi ah u qabsatay boqortooyada Mughal ee Hindiya.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=358, 378–380, 624}} Sida jawaab ka dhan ah Imperialisamka Reer Galbeedka, aqoonyahanno badan waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Islaamka.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Buzpinar |first=Ş. Tufan |date=March 2007 |title=Celal Nuri's Concepts of Westernization and Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-eastern-studies_2007-03_43_2/page/247 |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.1080/00263200601114091 |jstor=4284539|s2cid=144461915 }}</ref> Casriyeynta Islaamka, oo markii hore loo bixiyay aqoonyahannada Reer Galbeedka sida Salafiyya, waxay soo dhoweysay qiimayaasha casriga ah iyo machadyada sida demokaraasiyada iyadoo la raacaayo qoraallada diinta. Hogaamiyayaasha muhiimka ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa ka mid ah Muhammad 'Abduh iyo Jamal al-Din al-Afghani.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|pages=231–232}}</ref> Abul A'la Maududi wuxuu caawiyay saamaynta Islaamka siyaasadeed ee casriga ah.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 January 2014 |title=Political Islam: A movement in motion |work=Economist Magazine |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2014/01/political-islam |access-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Wilfred Cantwell |title=Islam in Modern History |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1957 |isbn=0-691-03030-8 |page=233 |author-link=Wilfred Cantwell Smith}}</ref> Sida ku dhow qaanuunka casriga ah, shariicada markii ugu horreysay ayaa qayb ahaan loo qoray shaqo ahaan sannadkii 1869 ku dhex-jirtay koodka Mecelle ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta. Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta waxay dissilftay ka dib Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Dunida, Khilafadii Cusmaaniyiinta waa la joojiyay 1924<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June – 5 July 2000 |title=New Turkey |work=Al-Ahram Weekly |issue=488 |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=16 May 2010 |archive-date=4 Bisha Tobnaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004145229/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm }}</ref> iyo Khilafadii Sharifian ee ka dib waxay u dhacday si doob ah,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=الوطن |first1=جريدة |last2=webmaster |date=2020-05-05 |title="مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح |url=https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=جريدة الوطن |language=ar |url-status=dead |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516230552/https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bani Issa |first=Mohammad Saleh |date=2023-11-01 |title=Factors of stability and sustainable development in Jordan in its first centenary 1921–2021 (an analytical descriptive study) |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=11 |article-number=e20993 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20993 |issn=2405-8440 |doi-access=free|pmid=37928029 |pmc=10623165 |bibcode=2023Heliy...920993B }}</ref> sidaas darteed iyadoo ka tagaysa Islaamka oo aan lahayn Khaliif.<ref name="والخلفاء-2023">{{Cite book |last=والخلفاء |first=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r-5EAAAQBAJ |title=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية والخلفاء |date=2023-03-31 |publisher=Austin Macauley Publishers |isbn=978-1-3984-9251-6 |language=en |access-date=26 December 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> Taageerayaasha Mideynta Islaamka waxay isku deyeyeen inay mideeyaan Muslinka waxayna tartan la galeen awoodaha qarannimada ee korayay, sida Pan-Arabisamka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Doran |first=Michael |title=Pan-Arabism before Nasser: Egyptian power politics and the Palestine question |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford university press |isbn=978-0-19-512361-6 |series=Studies in Middle Eastern history |location=New York Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Landau |first=Yaʿaqov M. |title=The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization |date=1994 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-827709-5 |edition=[Rev. and updated] paperback (with additions and corr.) |location=Oxford}}</ref> Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka (OIC), oo ka kooban waddamada Muslinka ah, waxaa la aasaasay 1969 ka dib gubiddii Masjidka Al-Aqsa ee Qudus.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 December 2010 |title=Organization of the Islamic Conference |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1555062.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Xiriirka la la leeyahay waddamada warshadaha leh wuxuu keenay dadka Muslinka ah dhulal cusub iyada oo loo marayo u-guuritaanka dhaqaalaha. Muslin badan ayaa u guuray sida shaqaale heshiis ku jooga (u badan oo ka yimid Hindiya iyo Indoneesiya) Karibiyaanka, iyagoo dhisay dadka ugu waaweyn ee Muslinka ah inta la joogo boqolkiiba ee Ameerika.<ref>{{sfnp|Haddad|Smith|2002|p=271}}</ref> U-guuritaanka ka yimid Siiriya iyo Lubnaan wuxuu ku soo kordhiyay dadka Muslinka ah ee Laatiin Ameerika.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zabel|first=Darcy|title=Arabs in the Americas: Interdisciplinary Essays on the Arab Diaspora|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2006|isbn=9780820481111|location=Austria|page=5}}</ref> Natiijadii magaalooyinka iyo kordhinta ganacsiga ee Afrika ka hooseysa Saxara waxay keentay Muslinka inay degaan dhulal cusub oo ay faafiyaan diintooda, iyadoo lagu qiyaasay inay laba-laabatay dadkeeda Muslinka ah u dhaxeysa 1869 iyo 1914.<ref>{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=722}}</ref> === Casrigii ee Horumarsanaa (Qarnigii 20aad–Ilaa Hada) === [[File:13. Session of the Islamic Summit Conference.jpg|thumb|Hoggaamiyeyaasha dalalka Islaamka intii uu socday kalfadhigii 2016 ee Shirka Iskaashiga Islaamka ee Istambul, Turkiga. Trikiiba saddex sano, OIC waxay isku brings dhammaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Muslinka.|upright=1.35]] Aabbayaashii casriyeynta Islaamka waxay saameeyeen dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka sida Ikhwaanul Muslimeen iyo xisbiyada la xiriira ee dunida Carabta,<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2011 |title=Are secular forces being squeezed out of Arab Spring? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14447820 |access-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=23 December 2008 |title=Jordanian students rebel, embracing conservative Islam |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/world/middleeast/24jordan.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> kuwaas oo si wanaagsan uga dhex muuqday doorashooyinkii ka dambeeyay Guudkii Carabta,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kirkpatrick |first=David D. |date=3 December 2011 |title=Egypt's vote puts emphasis on split over religious rule |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/world/middleeast/egypts-vote-propels-islamic-law-into-spotlight.html |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Jamaat-e-Islami ee Koonfurta Aasiya iyo Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarinta (AK Party), oo si kemokaraasi ah xukuma Turkiga tobanaan sano. Iiraan, Kacdoonkii Iiraan wuxuu beddelay boqortooyadii laimaaniyadda ee Reer Galbeedku taageerayay iyadoo la dhisay Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah. Kuwa kale sida Sayyid Rashid Rida waxay ka go'een casriyeeyayaasha Islaamka<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|page=237|quote="Prior to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, leading reformers who happened to be Salafi in creed were surprisingly open-minded: although they adhered to neo-Hanbali theology. However, the aftermath of the First World War and the expansion of European colonialism paved the way for a series of shifts in thought and attitude. The experiences of Rida offer many examples... he turned against the Shi'is who dared, with reason, to express doubts about the Saudi-Wahhabi project... . Shi'is were not the only victims: Rida and his associates showed their readiness to turn against fellow Salafis who questioned some of the Wahhabis' religious interpretations."}}</ref> waxayna ka hortageen soo dhowaynta waxa uu u arkayay saamaynta Reer Galbeedka.<ref>{{Cite book|last=G. Rabil|first=Robert|title=Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-62616-116-0|location=Washington DC, US|pages=32–33|quote="Western colonialists established in these countries political orders... that, even though not professing enmity to Islam and its institutions, left no role for Islam in society. This caused a crisis among Muslim reformists, who felt betrayed not only by the West but also by those nationalists, many of whom were brought to power by the West... Nothing reflects this crisis more than the ideological transformation of Rashid Rida (1865–1935)... He also revived the works of Ibn Taymiyah by publishing his writings and promoting his ideas. Subsequently, taking note of the cataclysmic events brought about by Western policies in the Muslim world and shocked by the abolition of the caliphate, he transformed into a Muslim intellectual mostly concerned about protecting Muslim culture, identity, and politics from Western influence. He supported a theory that essentially emphasized the necessity of an Islamic state in which the scholars of Islam would have a leading role... Rida was a forerunner of Islamist thought. He apparently intended to provide a theoretical platform for a modern Islamic state. His ideas were later incorporated into the works of Islamic scholars. Significantly, his ideas influenced none other than Hassan al-Bannah, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt... The Muslim Brethren have taken up Rida's Islamic fundamentalism, a right-wing radical movement founded in 1928,.."}}</ref> Kooxda ISIS waxay xitaa isku deyday inay dib u samayso diinaarkii dahabka ahaa ee casriga ahaa si uu u noqdo pambakooda lacagta. Halka kuwii ka go'ay ay qaarkood ahaayeen kuwa ka gaabsada siyaasadda, kuwo kale waxay rumechsanaayeen dhibaataynta kuwa ka soo horjeeda, xitaa Muslinka kale.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins |title=Isis to mint own Islamic dinar coins in gold, silver and copper |work=The Guardian |date=21 November 2014 |access-date=31 July 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ka hortagga dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka, qarnigii 20aad ee Turkiga, ciidanku waxay sameeyeen afgembiyo si ay xukuumadaha Islaamiga ah uga tuuraan xukanka, sidoo kale xijabka ayaa si sharci ah loo xaddiday, sida ay sidoo kale ka dhacday Tuniisiya.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 April 2011 |title=Huge rally for Turkish secularism |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6604643.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saleh |first=Heba |date=15 October 2011 |title=Tunisia moves against headscarves |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6053380.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dhulalka kale, awoodda diinta ayaa la maamulay iyada oo hadda loo arko puppeto oo ay dawladdu maamusho. Tusaale ahaan, Sacuudi Carabiya, dawladdu waxay keligeed maamushay aqoonta diinta<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 2007 |title=Laying down the law: Islam's authority deficit |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2007/06/28/islams-authority-deficit |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo Masar, dawladdu waxay qarameysay Jaamacadda Al-Azhar, oo hore u ahayd igo madax-bannaan oo xaddida awoodda dawladda.<ref>{{cite book| title = The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought| last1 = Bowering | first1 = Gerhard | last2=Mirza |first2=Mahan |last3=Crone |first3=Patricia| year = 2013 | publisher = Princeton University Press | page=59| isbn = 9780691134840 }}</ref> Salafiyada waxaa dhaqaale lagu siiyay Bariga Dhexe sababtoo ah ka gaabsashadeeda siyaasadda.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 October 2008 |title=Ultraconservative Islam on rise in Mideast |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna27256187 |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=MSNBC |url-status=live }}</ref> Sacuudi Carabiya waxay ololayso ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiga ah ee kacdoonka ah ee Bariga Dhexe, iyadoo ka soo horjeedda Iiraan.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Almukhtar |first1=Sarah |last2=Peçanha |first2=Sergio |last3=Wallace |first3=Tim |date=5 January 2016 |title=Behind Stark Political Divisions, a More Complex Map of Sunnis and Shiites |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/sunni-shiite-map-middle-east-iran-saudi-arabia.html |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tiro yar oo Muslin ah oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha kala duwan ayaa loo dhibay sida koox diimeed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thames |first1=Knox |title=Why the Persecution of Muslims Should Be on Biden's Agenda |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/muslims-islam-china-india-myanmar-persecution-repression-biden-human-rights/ |work=Foreign Policy Magazine |date=6 January 2021 |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Tan waxaa sameeyay xoogagga shuuciga ah sida Khmer Rouge, kuwaas oo u arkayay inay yihiin armigooda koowaad ee la cirbootinayo maaddaama dhaqankooda diimeed uu ka dhigay kuwa ka dhex muuqda dadka kale,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Perrin |first=Andrew |date=10 October 2003 |title=Weakness in numbers |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/archive/6894001/weakness-in-numbers/ |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-access=subscription |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 Bisha Shanaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509202600/https://time.com/archive/6894001/weakness-in-numbers/ }}</ref> Xisbiga Shuuciga Shiinaha ee Xinjiang<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beydoun |first1=Khaled A. |title=For China, Islam is a 'mental illness' that needs to be 'cured' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/china-islam-mental-illness-cured-181127135358356.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo xoogagga qarannimada sida intii uu socday xasuuqii Bosniya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mojzes |first=Paul |title=Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4422-0663-2|page=178}}</ref> Ciidanka Miyanmaar ee Tatmadaw oo bartilmaameedsanayay Muslinka Rohingya waxaa loogu yeeray dambi ka dhan ah aadamnimada ay sameeyeen Qaraamada Midoobay iyo Amnesty International,<ref>{{cite news |author=Oliver Holmes |date=19 December 2016 |title=Myanmar's Rohingya campaign 'may be crime against humanity' |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/19/myanmars-rohingya-campaign-may-be-against-humanity |url-status=live |access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 December 2016|title=Rohingya abuse may be crimes against humanity: Amnesty|website=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/19/rohingya-abuse-may-be-crimes-against-humanity-amnesty/|access-date=2023-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref> halka Xafiiska Qaraamada Midoobay ee Wakiilka Sare ee Xaqiiqo-raadinta uu ka helay xasuuq, sifeyn qowmiyadeed, iyo dambiyo kale oo ka dhan ah aadamnimada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/MyanmarFFM/Pages/ReportoftheMyanmarFFM.aspx|title=Report of Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar |date=27 August 2018|website=ohchr.org|access-date=14 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Horumarka isgaarsiinta dunida wuxuu teshay faafinta ballaaran ee aqoonta diinta. Qaadashada xijabka waxay noqotay mid ka sii badan<ref>{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=28 January 2007 |title=In Egypt, a new battle begins over the veil |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28slackman.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo aqoonyahanno badan oo Muslin ah waxay si kordhayay isku deyayaan inay ka soocaan caqiidooyinka diinta Islaamka iyo dhaqammada caadiga ah.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=41}} Kooxaha kale dhexdiisa, helitaanka macluumaadka wuxuu keenay kordhinta wacdiyayaasha "televangelist" ee caanka ah, sida Amr Khaled, kuwaas oo kula tartama culumada caadiga ah gaaritaankooda oo ay ka dhigeen awoodda diinta mid aan hal xarun ku dhuftayn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=263}} Sharraxaadaha "gaarka ah" ee Islaamka<ref>V. Šisler: ''The Internet and the Construction of Islamic Knowledge in Europe'' p. 212</ref> waxay si muuqata u dhex-galaan Muslinka Liberaalka ah oo isku deyaya inay waafajiyaan dhaqammada diinta iyo xukunkii laimaaniyadda ee casriga ah,{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=118–119, 179}}{{sfnp|Rippin|2001|p=288}} hab ka mid ah kuwa ay dhaleeceeyeen qaarkood oo ku saabsan waafaqsanaantiisa.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Adams, Charles J.|editor1-last=Esposito|editor1-first=John L.|title=Voices of Resurgent Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen|url-access=registration|date=1983|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen/page/113 113–4] |chapter=Maududi and the Islamic State|quote=[Maududi believed that] when religion is relegated to the personal realm, men inevitably give way to their bestial impulses and perpetrate evil upon one another. In fact it is precisely because they wish to escape the restraints of morality and the divine guidance that men espouse secularism.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Meisami|first=Sayeh|date=2013|title='Abdolkarim Soroush |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0034.xml|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-12 |website=Oxford Bibliographies|language=en}}</ref> Sidoo kale, laimaaniyaddu waxaa loo arkaa fikrad shisheeye oo ay ku soo impose gareeyeen qabsadayaashii oo ay adkeeyeen maamulayaasha ka dambeeyay gumeysiga,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Secularism, State Neutrality, and Islam|author=Abdullah Saeed|encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Secularism|editor1=Phil Zuckerman|editor2=John R. Shook |url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/abstract/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199988457-e-12|year=2017|page=188 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.12|isbn=978-0-19-998845-7|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> oo inta badan loo fahmo inay u dhiganto ka-horjeedda diinta.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Nader Hashemi|title=Secularism|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0714|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> == Tirada Dadka == {{Main|Dunida Muslinka|Ummah}} {{See also|Islaamka waddan ahaan|Koraanka dadka Muslinka ah}} [[File:2020+ Proportion of people in world religions.svg |thumb|Boqolkiiba inta qof ee diimaha dunida. Muslinku waxay ka yihiin dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, taas oo ah tiro yar oo ka hooseysa Masiixiyiinta.<ref name=Pew_20250609>{{cite web |last1=Hackett |first1=Conrad |last2=Stonawski |first2=Marcin |last3=Tong |first3=Yunping |last4=Kramer |first4=Stephanie |last5=Shi |first5=Anne |last6=Fahmy |first6=Dalia |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |publisher=Pew Research Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222070137/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |archive-date=22 February 2026 |date=9 June 2025 |url-status=live |quote=Source: Pew Research Center estimates based on more than 2,700 censuses and surveys. "How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020"}}</ref>]] Marka la joogo 2020, dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, ama dhawaan 2&nbsp;bilyan oo qof, waa Muslin.<ref name="pewresearch.orgReligion">{{Cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |date=21 December 2022 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128120036/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.pewresearch.org-2022">{{Cite web |date=21 December 2022 |title=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205195540/https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|date=27 January 2011|access-date=26 October 2022|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930233955/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | title=Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world | date=9 August 2017 | access-date=19 December 2022 | archive-date=8 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108121140/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Pew-Growth-2017">{{cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |author-link2=Conrad Hackett |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-date=2019-05-14 |website=Fact Tank |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=2017-04-06 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref> Sannadkii 1900, qiyaastani waxay ahayd 12.3%,<ref name="Barrett-2001">{{cite book |last1=Barrett |first1=David B. |last2=Kurian |first2=George T. |last3=Johnson |first3=Todd M. |title=World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World |volume=1: The World by Countries: Religionists, Churches, Ministries |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |page=4 |isbn=978-0195079630 |language=en}}</ref> sannadkii 1990 waxay ahayd 19.9%<ref name="Pew Research Center-2011">{{Cite report |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> iyada oo saadaalintu ay muujinayso in heerku noqon doono 29.7% marka la joogo 2050.{{rp|8}} Ugu kooban uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020 waxay heshay in dadka Muslinka ah ee dunidu ay ahaayeen kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badnayd tobankii sano, inta badan sababtoo ah Muslinku waxay u janjeeraan inay ku yar yihiin da'da oo ay leeyihiin heer dhalmo oo sarreeya—laba walxood oo muhiim ah oo kexeeya koraanka caadiga ah ee dadka.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |page=9|quote=Increases in the global Muslim population are largely due to Muslims having a relatively young age structure and high fertility rate, two characteristics that result in natural population growth.}}</ref>{{rp|9}} Sida ku xuso qiyaasta dadka ee 2020, 65% dadka Muslinka ah waxay ku dhex jiraan toban waddan, iyada oo dadka ugu waaweyni ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, Bangaladeesh, Nayjeeriya, Masar, Iiraan, Turkiga, Sudaan, iyo Aljeeriya, marka loo eego sida ay u kala hooseeyaan. Indoneesiya waxay xarun u tahay ka badan 230,000,000 oo Muslin ah, Bakistaan ka badan 220,000,000, Hindiya ka badan 210,000,000, Bangaladeesh ka badan 150,000,000, Nayjeeriya ka badan 110,000,000, Masar ka badan 100,000,000, Iiraan iyo Turkiga midkiiba ka badan 80,000,000, iyo Sudaan iyo Aljeeriya midkiiba ka badan 40,000,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/muslim-population-change/|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020: 3. Muslim population change|date=9 June 2025|access-date=12 February 2026|website=Pew Research Center}}</ref>[[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Boqolkiiba Muslinka ee dunida waddan ahaan.<ref name="pew2015" />]]Sida ku xuso warbixin ay soo saartay CNN, "Islaamku wuxuu soo jiitay dad soo Islaamay oo ka soo jeeda dhammaan heerarka nolosha, gaar ahaan Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika".<ref>{{cite news |title=Fast-growing Islam winning converts in Western world |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |access-date=6 May 2016 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015114027/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ingiriiska, dhawaan 6,000 oo qof ayaa soo Islaama sannad walba, iyada oo sida ku xuso maqaal ku jira British Muslims Monthly Survey, badanka dadka cusub ee soo Islaama ee Ingiriiska ay ahaayeen dumarka.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |title=British Muslims Monthly Survey for June 2000, Vol. VIII, No. 6 |at=Women convert |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2008-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214160750/http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ku xuso The Huffington Post, "ilaaliyayaashu waxay qiyaasayaan in illaa 20,000 oo Ameerikan ah ay soo Islaamaan sannad walba", badankoodu ay yihiin dumarka iyo Muslinka Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-24 |title=Conversion To Islam One Result Of Post-9/11 Curiosity |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=HuffPost |language=en |archive-date=2021-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111201117/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author-first=Julie |author-last=Bindel |author-link=Julie Bindel |title=Why do Western Women Convert? |url=http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |access-date=8 May 2016 |work=Standpoint |date=26 April 2010 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102003/http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |url-status=live}}</ref> Sidoo kale boqolkiiba iyo tirada guud ahaan, Islaamku waa kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badan dunida, iyadoo la saadaalinayo inay noqoto ta ugu weyn dunida dhamaadka qarniga 21aad, iyadoo ka badanaysa Masiixiyada. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in marka la joogo 2050, tirada Muslinka ay u dhowaan doonto tirada Masiixiyiinta ee dunida, "sababtoo ah da'da yar iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka marka loo barbardhigo kooxaha kale ee diimaha."{{rp|70}} === Xituunta Pew Research === Dhawaan 49 waddan ayaa ah kuwo dadka ugu badan ee ku nooli ay Muslin yihiin,{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|p=11}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ba-Yunus |first1=Ilyas |title=Muslims in the United States |last2=Kone, Kassim |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu/page/n186 172] |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-313-32825-1}}</ref><ref name="Pew-Landscape-2012">{{cite report |author=The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life |title=The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323215026/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-23 |date=December 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Islam in Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia/ |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=Anadolu News Agency |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024349/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Book review: Russia's Muslim Heartlands reveals diverse population |date=21 April 2018 |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |work=The National |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210257/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyada oo 62% Muslinka dunidu ay ku nool yihiin Aasiya, halka 683 milyan oo taabacsan ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, iyo Bangaladeesh keligood.<ref name="Pew-Projections-2050">{{cite web |title=10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207115222/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-date=2017-02-07 |website=Pew Research Center |publisher=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life |date=2015-04-02 |type=Projections table |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Secrets of Islam |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |website=U.S. News & World Report |archive-date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122200555/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |url-status=live }} Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005).</ref>{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|pp=15, 17}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pechilis |first1=Karen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |title=South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today |last2=Raj |first2=Selva J. |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-44851-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&pg=PA193 193] |access-date=3 May 2019 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024331/https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |url-status=live }}</ref> Muslinka Carabta ah waxay samayeeyaan kooxda qowmiyadeed ee ugu weyn Muslinka dhexdeeda ee dunida,<ref name="Nydell-2005">{{cite book |last=Nydell |first=Margaret Kleffner |title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times |edition=4th |location=Yarmouth, Maine |publisher=Intercultural Press |year=2005 |pages=xxiii, 14 |isbn=978-1931930253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024737/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}</ref> waxaa ku xiga Bangaaliyiinta<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Eaton|editor=Barbara D. Metcalf|title=Islam in South Asia in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C|date=8 September 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-3138-8|page=275|chapter=Forest Clearing and the Growth of Islam in Bengal}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&pg=PA50 |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |author1=Meghna Guhathakurta |author2=Willem van Schendel |page=50 |date=30 April 2013 |publisher=Duke University Press |access-date=7 November 2016 |isbn=978-0822353188 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707092408/https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&pg=PA50 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo Bunjaabiinta.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|page=1|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}.</ref> Qiyaasaha badankood waxay muujinayaan in Shiinaha ay ku nool yihiin dhawaan 20 illaa 30 milyan oo Muslin ah (1.5% illaa 2% dadka waddanka).<ref>{{cite web |work=The World Factbook |title=Explore All Countries – China |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |access-date=15 September 2009 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=13 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213122152/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=China (includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet) |website=Archived Content |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710075050/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Islaamka ka jira Yurub waa diinta labaad ee ugu weyn Masiixiyadda ka dib waddamo badan dhexdeeda, iyada oo heerarka koraanka ay inta badan ku yimaadaan soogalootiga iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka ee 2005,<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 December 2005 |title=Muslims in Europe: Country guide |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=29 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929213440/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> taas oo samaynaysay 4.9% dhammaan dadka Yurub ee 2016.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe|date=November 29, 2017|work=Pew Research Center|first=Conrad|last=Hackett|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105202657/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ku xuso Xituunta Pew Research, soo Islaamidda ma laha saameyn weyn oo saafi ah oo ku saabsan koraanka dadka Muslinka ah maadaama "tirada dadka ku soo Islaama diinta ay u dhowdahay inay la mid tahay tirada Muslinka ah ee ka baxda diinta."<ref>{{Cite report |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |section=Conversion |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |section-url=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors/#conversion |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |quote=there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the faith |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211126/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bagse, Islaamku wuxuu ka helayaa faa'iido yar oo ah 3 milyan oo qof marka loo eego isbeddelka diimaha u dhexeya 2010 iyo 2050, inta badan ka timaada Afrika Sub-Sahara (2.9 milyan).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|title=Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.43|access-date=4 May 2016|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150429153811/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|title=The Changing Global Religious Landscape|work=Pew Research Center|date=5 April 2017|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218030628/https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ku xuso uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020, dhawaan 1% dadka waaweyn ee ku soo koray Muslimnimada ayaa ka baxa diinta, halka boqolkiiba la mid ah —dhawaan 1%— ay ka soo Islaamaan diimaha kale, taas oo keenta heer hoose oo isbeddel diimeed ah oo soo gala ama ka baxa Islaamka.<ref name="pew2029">{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US|page=39|quote=Muslims and Hindus have been the least likely to gain or lose adherents from religious switching. About one in every 100 adults raised Muslim (or Hindu) has left their childhood religion, and a similar number from a different religious category have switched into Islam (or Hinduism).}}</ref> Mutaaniqada Islaamka ka baxday waxay u janjeeraan inay u wareegaan diin kale halkii ay ka noqon lahaayeen kuwo aan diin lahayn. == Qaybaha Waaweyn == {{Main|Xiriirka Shiicada iyo Sunnada|Qadiir Khum|Saqiifa|Ciidul Qadiir}} === Matalaadda Qadiir Khum iyo Saqiifa === [[File:Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.162r miniature.jpg|thumb|Magacaabiddii Cali uu Muxammad ku magacaabay Qadiir Khum, 1307 AD fardawsa Ilkhanid.]] Tukhtaan muhiim ah ayaa ka dhacay 632 ee Qadiir Khum, halkaas oo Muxammad, obo yar ka hor dhimashadiisa, uu gacanta ku qabtay Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, uu ka jeediyay khudbad uu ku yiri "Kii aan ahay ''mowlahiisa'', Cali waa ''mowlahiisa''."<ref>{{cite book |title=The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam |author-first=Maria Massi |author-last=Dakake |year=2007 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791470336 |author-link=Maria Massi Dakake}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Veccia Vaglieri|first=L.|date=2012|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|section=G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm|publisher=Brill|access-date=July 14, 2023|isbn=9789004161214|archive-date=14 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714174420/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfnp|Campo|2009|pp=257–258}} Ereyga mowla wuxuu leeyahay macnayaal kala duwan oo ku xiran xaaladda, oo ay ku jiraan sayid, ilaaliye, xulafo, taageere, iyo mid awood leh. Shiicada dhexdeeda, waxaa loo fahmaa magacaabidda rasmiga ah ee Muxammad uu Cali uga dhigay beddelkiisa. Sunnadu sidoo kale waxay aqbashaa in tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum uu dhacay iyadoo Muxammad uu yiri hadalkaas ku saabsan Cali. Bagse, uma tarjumaan hadalka inuu yahay magacaabidda Cali ee beddelka Muxammad. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay u tarjumaan ereyga mowla xaaladdan inuu u muuqdo saaxiib dhow, taageere, ama mid mudan daacadnimo iyo kalsooni. Sidaas darteed, waxay u arkaan bayaanka inuu yahay caddayn ah xushmadda Muxammad uu u hayay Cali, iyagoo hoos u dhigaya muhiimadda tukhtaanka. Kalfadhigii Saqiifa wuxuu dhacay obo yar ka dib dhimashadii Muxammad ee 632, halkaas oo Abu Bakar looga doortay beddelkiisa oo uu ku noqday Khaliifkii koowaad. Saqiifa waxay ka mid tahay tukhtaannada ugu muranka badan Islaamka, sababtoo ah ka saarida tiro badan oo ka mid ah Saxaabada Muxammad, oo ay ku jiraan Ahlul Bayt iyo gaar ahaan Cali. Cali iyo tiro badan oo ka mid ah qoyska Muxammad waxay weli ku jireen aasitaanka nabiga markii uu tukhtaanku dhacayay.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |doi-access=free |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |eissn=1477-4585 |issn=0002-7189 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the "lord" or "master" of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |issn=0002-7189 |eissn=1477-4585 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the "lord" or "master" of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century. |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Amir-Moezzi |author-first=Mohammad Ali |title=Ghadīr Khumm |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=Third |editor1-first=Kate |editor1-last=Fleet |editor2-first=Gudrun |editor2-last=Krämer |editor3-first=Denis |editor3-last=Matringe |editor4-first=John |editor4-last=Nawas |editor5-first=Devin J. |editor5-last=Stewart |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |year=2014 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |isbn=9789004269613 |author-link=Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay qabaan in Muxammad uu u daayay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee saxaabada inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Cali hore loogu magacaabay beddelka Muxammad ee tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan tukhtaannadii Saqiifa inay ahaayeen kuwo dhaafay xaqiisii beddelka. Dhibaatada beddelka waxay noqotay sababtii ugu horreysay ee qeybsanaanta Muslinka oo keentay soo bixitaanka labada qaybood ee waaweyn ee Islaamka, Sunna iyo Shiica. === Islaamka Sunnada ah === {{Main|Islaamka Sunnada ah}} [[File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art mss 0311 fol 190b-191a.jpg|thumb|Faraq-qoraal ah oo [[Saxiix al-Bukhari]] ah oo ka soo jeeda qarnigii 14aad, ururintii ugu horreysay ee [[xadiis]] ee [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Buug]] ee [[Islaamka Sunnada ah]].]] Islaamka Sunnada ah waa qaybta ugu weyn ee Islaamka iyada oo ah mhabka diimeed ee ugu weyn dunida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of religious populations {{!}} Largest Religions, Smallest Religions, Lists, Data, & Overview {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-religious-populations|access-date=2025-07-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunni |title=Sunni |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430101807/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Sunni Islam |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2014 |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |access-date=10 January 2010 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005013247/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |date=20101028144120 }}</ref><ref name="Denny-2010">{{cite book |last=Denny |first=Frederick |author-link=Frederick M. Denny |title=Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |page=3 |isbn=978-0199804153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3 |quote=Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90%) of that community. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lawson |first1=Russell M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_krEEAAAQBAJ&dq=islam+based+on+the+teachings+of+muhammad&pg=PA419 |title=Science in the Ancient World: From Antiquity through the Middle Ages |date=23 September 2021 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-7353-9 |page=419 |language=en}}</ref> Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha "''Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah''", oo macnaheedu yahay "dadka [[Sunnah|sunnada]] (dhaqankii Muxammad) iyo jamacaadka".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ahl as-Sunnah |encyclopedia=Islam Ansiklopedisi |publisher=Turkish Diyanet Foundation |location=Istanbul |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |last=Yavuz |first=Yusuf Şevki |date=1994 |volume=10 |pages=525–530 |lang=tr |access-date=28 December 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228114411/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |url-status=live }}</ref> Islaamka Sunnada ah mararka qaarkood waxaa loo yaqaanaa "Islaamka Ortodokska ah",<ref>{{cite book |author1=John Richard Thackrah |title=Dictionary of Terrorism |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135165956 |edition=2, revised |page=252}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation |date=2009 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004172739 |editor1-last=Nasir |editor1-first=Jamal J. |edition=revised |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=George W. Braswell |title=What You Need to Know about Islam & Muslims |date=2000 |publisher=B&H Publishing Group |isbn=978-0805418293 |edition=illustrated |page=62}}</ref> ingawa aqoonyahanada qaar ay u arkaan inaysan habboonayn, iyada oo Sunni-nimada ka baxsan ay dad badan u arki karaan fahan xumaan.<ref>An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: "Sunni: Of or pertaining ''sunna'', especially the ''Sunna'' of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, ''mubtadi'', from ''bid'a'', the contrary of ''sunna'' and so 'innovation'."</ref> Sunnadu waxay adkaynaysaa in Muxammad uusan magacaabin beddel, wuxuuna u dhaafay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee Saqiifa inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay inta badan u noqdaan lixda buug ee xadiiska ee waaweyn arrimaha sharciga, iyagoo u raaca mid ka mid ah afar madhabood ee fiqhiga: [[Hanafi school|Xanafi]], [[Hanbali school|Xanbali]], [[Maliki school|Maaliki]], [[Shafi'i school|Shaafi'i]].<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2003|pp=275, 306}}</ref> Cilmiga tawxiidka ee athariga ah waa madhab Sunni ah oo feker ah, oo uu si weyn ugu doodi jiray Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855 CE), oo lagu garto u noqoshada fahanka qoraalka ah ee Qur'aanka iyo sunnada, aמונה ah in Qur'aanku yahay mid aan la abuurin oo weligeed ah, iyo ka soo horjeeda cilmiga caqliga, ee loo yaqano kalam, marka loo eego arrimaha diinta iyo anshaxa.<ref>Hadi Enayat ''Islam and Secularism in Post-Colonial Thought: A Cartography of Asadian Genealogies'' Springer Publishing, 30 June 2017 {{ISBN|978-3-319-52611-9}} p.48</ref> Maaturidiyada, oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944 CE), waxay leedahay qoraalka la soo dejiyay looma baahna anshaxa asaasiga ah iyada oo wanaagga iyo xawliga lagu fahmi karo caqliga keligiis,<ref>Rico Isaacs, Alessandro Frigerio ''Theorizing Central Asian Politics: The State, Ideology and Power'' Springer Publishing 2018 {{ISBN|978-3-319-97355-5}} p. 108</ref> laakiin dadku waxay u noqdaan waxyiga arrimaha ka baxsan fahanka bahaamka. Ash'ariyada, oo uu aasaasay Al-Ashʿarī (c. 874–936), waxay leedahay anshaxu wuxuu ka imaan karaa oo keliya waxyiga rabbaaniga ah laakiin waxay aqbashaa caqliga arrimaha fasiraadda waxayna isku dartaa hababka Mu'tazilada iyo fikradaha athariga.<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|1999|p=280}}</ref> Salafiyadu waa doonis dib u cusboonaysiin ah oo u dooda u noqoshada dhaqankii qgeneration-kii ugu horreeyay ee Muslinka. Qarnigii 18aad, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab wuxuu kexeeyay dhaqdhaqaaq Salafi ah, oo dadka ka baxsan ay u yaqaanaan Wahaabiya, waddanka maanta loo yaqano Sacuudi Carabiya.<ref>Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} page 8</ref> Dhaqdhaqaaq la mid ah oo loo yaqano Ahl al-Hadith ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigay dhaqanka sharciga Sunniga ah ee qarniyada jiray, iyagoo door biday inay si toos ah u raacaan Qur'aanka iyo Xadiiska. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunniga ah ee Nurcu waxaa aasaasay Said Nursi (1877–1960); wuxuu isku darayaa qaybo ka mid ah Tasawufka iyo sayniska.<ref name="Svante E. Cornell p. 283">Svante E. Cornell ''Azerbaijan Since Independence'' M.E. Sharpe {{ISBN| 9780765630049}} p. 283</ref><ref>Robert W. Hefner ''Shariʻa Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World'' Indiana University Press 2011 {{ISBN|978-0-253-22310-4}} p. 170</ref> === Islaamka Shiicada ah === {{Main|Islaamka Shiicada ah}} [[File:Folio from a Nahj al-Balagha.gif|thumb|Warqad gacan-qoraal ah oo ka timaada Nahj al-Balagha, ee taariikhdeedu tahay 1149 AD. Nahj al-Balagha waa ururin khudbado, waraaqo, iyo hadallo ah oo uu leeyahay Cali. Waxaa loo arkaa inay ka mid tahay kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee suugaanta Carabiga iyada oo ka joogta meel sare Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.]] Islaamka Shiicada ah waa qaybta labaad ee ugu weyn Islaamka iyo mid ka mid oo ka mid ah mhabada diimeed ee ugu waaweyn dunida.<ref>{{cite web |title=Field Listing :: Religions |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231326/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=6 July 2010 |access-date=25 October 2010 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population." ... "Shia Islam represents 10–15% of Muslims worldwide.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sunni |url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614103622/https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs |quote=Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.}}</ref>{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. "Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims."}} Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha "''Shīʿat ʿAlī''", oo macnaheedu yahay "xisbigii Cali". Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Muxammad uu magacaabay ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, Cali, inuu noqdo beddelkiisa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|title=Shiʿi|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=28 December 2021|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720054917/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Sunni Islam |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa |publisher=MacMillan Reference |editor-last=Philip Mattar |edition=2nd |author1=Tayeb El-Hibri|author2=Maysam J. al Faruqi}}</ref> Cali waxaa ku xigay silsilad Imaamyo ah oo Ilaah magacaabay oo ka soo jeeda qoyska Muxammad ([[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahlul Bayt]]). Mhabka ugu weyn ee Islaamka Shiicada ah, Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, waxay aqoonsan yihiin Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam inay yihiin hoggaamiyeyaasha Ilaah magacaabay, iyadoo ka bilaabanaysa Cali keligiis oo ku dheehanaysa Mahdiga, oo la rumeysan yahay inuu ku jiro qoyanaanta loona fadhiyo inuu dib u soo laabto Dhamaadka Sannadaha si uu u aasaaso caddaalad oo uu caawin doono Ciise. Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu muhiimad gaar ah siiyaa Ahlul Bayt (qoyska Muxammad), kuwaas oo Muslinka Shiicada ah ay u arkaan inay leeyihiin awood diimeed iyo ruhani ah oo Ilaah siiyay. Qur'aanka, teachings-ka Muxammad (Sunnah), iyo Imaamyada waxay samayeeyaan asaaska ugu muhiimsan ee fekerka diimeed iyo fiqhiga Shiicada. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxaa kexeeya madhabka Jacfariyada ee fiqhiga.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=John Corrigan|author2=Frederick Denny|author3=Martin S Jaffee|author4=Carlos Eire |year=2011 |title=Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions |publisher= Cambridge University Press |id=978-0205026340 }}</ref> Ururinta ugu muhiimsan ee xadiiska ee Islaamka Shiicada ah waa Afarta Buug ee Sharciga ah, oo loo yaqano Kitab al-Kafi, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, iyo Al-Istibsar. Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr qaybood, ta ugu weyn oo ugu muhiimsan waxay tahay Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, oo ay ku xigaan qaybaha yar ee Ismaaciiliyad iyo Saydiyad.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social and Military History |editor-first1=Spencer C. |editor-last1=Tucker |editor2=Priscilla Mary Roberts |year=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-842-2 |page=917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA917 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA917 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Iraq Effect: The Middle East After the Iraq War |first=Frederic M. |last=Wehrey |year=2010 |publisher=Rand Corporation |isbn=978-0-8330-4788-5 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&pg=PA91 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024742/https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|author-link=Andrew J. Newman|title=Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-7833-4|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PP18|page=2|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501201413/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|archive-date=1 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Dagaalkii Karbala, oo uu awoowe u ahaa Nabiga oo ahaa Imaamka saddexaad ee Shiicada, Xuseen ibn Cali, si xun loogu dilay oo madaxa looga jaray iyada oo la dilay badanka xubnaha qoyskiisa, wuxuu siiyay Caliyinta aqoonsi diimeed oo u gaar ah wuxuuna ka qaatay door muhiim ah zhuraalka iyo adkaynta ta noqotay Islaamka Shiicada ah. Wuxuu ka joogaa meel dhexe taariikhda Shiicada, dhaqanka, iyo cilmiga tawxiidka, iyadoo inta badan lagu xuso suugaanta Islaamka. Waa mid ka mid ah waqtiyada ugu murugada badan, muhiimka ah, ee lagu garto taariikhda Islaamka. Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, iyo Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad waa saddexda meelood ee ugu xurmada badan ka dib Masjid al-Xaraam ee Makka, Masjid al-Nabawi ee Madiina, iyo Masjid al-Aqsa ee Qudus.<ref name="Sardeg2">{{cite web |last=Escobar |first=Pepe |date=May 24, 2002 |title=Knocking on heaven's door |url=http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020603155002/http://atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |archive-date=June 3, 2002 |access-date=2006-11-12 |work=Asia Times Online |quote=our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places... first is Mecca... second is Medina... third belongs to our first imam of Shia, Ali, which is in Najaf. The fourth belongs to our third imam, Hussein, in Kerbala. The last one belongs to the daughter of our seventh imam and sister of our eighth imam, who is called Fatemah, and will be buried in Qom. |department=Central Asia/Russia}}</ref> Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam sidoo xushmad lagu hayaa Islaamka Sunnada ah dhexdeeda iyagoo ah xubno ka mid ah qoyska Nabiga Muxammad iyo shakhsiyaad muhiim ah oo ku jira taariikhda Islaamka, iyadoo Sunnadu ay booqdaan dhismooyinkooda xushmad darteed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An Iraqi delegation from the Sunni Endowment visited the Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (PBUH).|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/an-iraqi-delegation-from-the-sunni-endowment-visited-the-holy-shrine-of-imam-ali-pbuh|access-date=2026-02-16|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waziri|first=Adam Isa|date=2022-11-21|title=Sunni Professors, Scholars From Pakistan Visit Imam Husain's Holy Shrine in Karbala » Education Monitor News|url=https://educationmonitornews.com/sunni-professors-scholars-from-pakistan-visit-imam-husains-holy-shrine-in-karbala/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Education Monitor News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Arooj|date=2024-02-01|title=Sunni scholars from Turkey express happiness upon visiting holy shrine of Imam Hussein|url=https://shiawaves.com/english/uncategorized/100914-sunni-scholars-from-turkey-express-happiness-upon-visiting-holy-shrine-of-imam-hussein/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Shia Waves|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16|title=Iraqi Sunni Friday prayer leaders visit Imam Reza (AS) holy shrine|url=https://en.hawzahnews.com/news/358808/Iraqi-Sunni-Friday-prayer-leaders-visit-Imam-Reza-AS-holy-shrine|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Hawzah News Agency|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=English Pakistani Sunnis Visit Imam Reza Shrine|url=https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617090149/https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-date=2025-06-17|access-date=2026-02-16|website=ShiaChat.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14|title=Sunni Cleric: Imam Reza Shrine a Center for Unifying Muslims|url=https://en.abna24.com/news/664698/Sunni-Cleric-Imam-Reza-Shrine-a-Center-for-Unifying-Muslims|access-date=2026-02-17|website=ABNA English|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Imam Reza (A.S.) Is the Symbol of Unity among Islamic Sects.|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/imam-reza-as-is-the-symbol-of-unity-among-islamic-sects|access-date=2026-02-17|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{multiple image | align = center | image1 = ImamAliShrine2026.jpg | width1 = 217 | alt1 = | caption1 = Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Ciraaq, waxaa loo arkaa Muslinka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda inuu yahay meesha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka ka dib Makka, Madiina iyo Qudus. | image2 = حرم الامام الحسين.jpg | width2 = 218 | alt2 = | caption2 = Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, Ciraaq, waa meel aad u xurmo badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda. | width3 = 315 | alt3 = | footer = | image3 = ImamReza(A).jpg | caption3 = Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad, Iiraan, waa masjidhka ugu weyn dunida iyadoo ka mid ah meelaha ugu xurmada badan Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda. }} ===== Cibaadiyada ===== {{Main|Muhakkima|Cibaadiyada|Khawaarijta}} Cibaadiyada waa madhab u gaar ah Islaamka waxaana inta badan loo arkaa qaybta saddexaad ee mhabada Islaamka, oo barbar taagan Islaamka Sunnada ah iyo Islaamka Shiicada ah. Xididdadeedu waxay dib u raacaan go'itaankii Khawaarijta ee ka go'een Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii nabiga Muxammad oo ahaa Imaamkii ugu horreeyay ee Shiicada iyo khaliifkii afaraad ee Khulafo al-Raashidiinta ee Sunnadu. Waxaaba jirta in Cibaadiyiinta casriga ah ay inta badan diadaan in aqiidadooda lagu tilmaamo Khawaarij. Cibaadiyada waxay soo baxday qarniyadii ugu horreeyay ee Islaamka iyadoo ka timaada khilaafaadkii siyaasadeed iyo kuwa tawxiidka ee ku xeernaa Fitnada Koowaad. Dhaqanku wuxuu taariikhiyan u xiran yahay dhaqdhaqaaqii hore ee Muhakkima. Cibaadiyiintu way ka tiro yar yihiin labada mhab ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka, Sunnadu iyo Shiicada. Cibaadiyada waxay weli tahay mid aan si fican u baran dadka ka baxsan, iyadoo ay ku jiraan kuwo aan Muslin ahayn iyo Muslinka Sunnada iyo Shiicada ah. [[File:Islam branches and schools.png|centre|Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan qaybaha waaweyn iyo mhabada Islaamka]] ===== Qaybaha ===== * Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada waxaa lagu aasaasay Hindiya ee Ingiriisku xukumayay 1889 oo uu aasaasay Mirza Ghulam Ahmad oo ka soo jeeda Qadian, oo sheegtay inuu yahay Masiiyadii la ballanqaaday ("Soo laabashada Labaad ee Ciise"), Mahdiga Muslinku dhowrayaan sidoo kale prophet yar oo raaca nabiga Islaamka Muxammad. Waxaa jira fikrado iyo barashooyin kala duwan oo u gaar ah Axmadiyiinta marka loo eego badanka Muslinka kale, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan fasiraadda cinwaanka Qur'aanka ee Khatam an-Nabiyyin iyo fasiraadda Soo laabashada Labaad ee Masiiyada. deviations-kan loo arko inay ka bixisay fekerka Islaamka ee caadiga ah waxay keeneen in badanka Muslinka ay u arkaan kuwo ka baxay diinta iyo khilaafyada lagu hayo Axmadiyiinta waddamo kala duwan dhexdeeda, gaar ahaan Bakistaan, halkaas oo si rasmi ah looga dhaqangaliyay inaysan Muslin ahayn oo ay dhaqangalisay Xukuumadda Bakistaan. Taabacsanaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Islaamka waxay u qeybsamaan laba kooxood: ta koowaad oo ah Bulshada Muslinka ee Axmadiyada, oo maanta ah kooxda ugu weyn, iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Laahore ee Fafinta Islaamka. * Calawiyada waa dhaqan Islaam oo doonis leh oo maxalli ah, oo taabacsaneedu ay raacaan barashooyinka qarsoon (bāṭenī) ee Cali iyo Haji Bektash Veli. Calawiyada waa isku dharraaq ka mid ah fikradaha dhaqanka ee Turkiga ee qarnigii 14aad, iyadoo leh xididdo ka imaan kara Tengrism iyo Animism oo barbar socda fikradaha Shiicada iyo Tasawufka. Waxaa la qiyaasay inay jiraan 10 milyan illaa ka badan 20 milyan (~0.5–1% dhammaan Muslinka) oo Calawiyiin ah dunida oo dhan. * Qur'aaniyuuntu waa dhaqdhaqaaq diimeed ee Islaamka oo ku aasaasan aqiidada ah in sharciga Islaamka iyo xaqiijintu ay tahay oo keliya inay ka timaado Qur'aanka oo aysan ka imaanin sunnada ama Xadiiska, iyadoo Qur'aaniyuuntu ay si muuqata uga kala duwan yihiin habka loo raaco shanta tiro ee Islaamka. Dhaqdhaqaaqu wuxuu soo baxay qarnigii 19aad wixii ka dambeeyay, iyadoo fekerayaal sida Syed Ahmad Khan, Abdullah Chakralawi iyo Ghulam Ahmed Perwez ee Hindiya ay su'aal ka keeneen dhaqanka xadiiska. Ejipt, Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi wuxuu ku qaray maqaalka ''Islaamku waa Qur'aanka keligiis'' majaladda ''Al-Manār'', isagoo u doodayay awoodda keligeed ee Qur'aanka. Qur'aaniyiin muhiim ah oo qarnigii 20aad ee dambe wuxuu ahaa Rashad Khalifa, oo ahaa biokimiko Masri-Ameerikan ah oo sheegtay inuu helay fure tiro oo ku jira Qur'aanka, wuxuuna aasaasay ururka Qur'aaniyiinta ee United Submitters International. * Mu'tazilada waxay ahayd madhab hore oo cilmiga tawxiidka Islaamka oo lagu garto isticmaalka caqliga, gaar ahaan marka loo eego labada ilo ee ugu horreeya Islaamka, Qur'aanka iyo xadiiska. Madhabtu waxay ku aasaasantaa shanta usool ee waaweyn: tawxiidka, caddaalada rabbaaniga ah, hubaasha ballanqaadyada iyo digniinaha rabbaaniga ah, meel dhexe oo marka loo eego heerka duniyeed ee duntayda waaweyn, iyo waajibka amarrada wanaagsan iyo ka hortaga xumaanta. Ka dib Sunnadu, Mu'taziladu waxay diadeen aragtida dhaqanka ah ee ah in Qur'aanku yahay hadalka aan la abuurin ee Ilaah, waxayna halkaas ka qabteen in Qur'aanku yahay waxyi la abuuray, si loo adkeeyo koodnimada kheyraatka ee Ilaah. Iyagoo adkaynaya isticmaalka caqliga, waxay u doodeen in dookha xorta ah ee bahaamka uu u oggolaado shakhsiyaadka inay doorataan wanaagga ama xumaanta, taas oo ka dhigaysa kuwo mas'uul ka ah eedooda. Bagse saameynta Mu'taziladu waxay hoos u dhacday dhibaatada bulshada iyo siyaasadeed ee ka timaada Sunnadu darteed, reebitaankooda caqliga wuxuu weli yahay mid muhiim ah fekerka casriga ah ee Islaamka. === Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn === {{Main|Non-denominational Muslim}} Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn waa eegmo guud oo loo isticmaalo ama ay isticmaalaan Muslimiinta aan ka tirsanayn ama aan isku tilmaamin mhab gaar ah oo Islaam ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Benakis |first=Theodoros |date=13 January 2014 |title=Islamophoobia in Europe! |work=New Europe |location=Brussels |url=http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131145036/http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |archive-date=31 January 2016 |quote=Anyone who has travelled to Central Asia knows of the non-denominational Muslims—those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pollack |first=Kenneth |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=jQGZBAAAQBAJ|page=29}} |title=Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American Strategy |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-4767-3393-7 |page=29 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |quote=Although many Iranian hardliners are Shi'a chauvinists, Khomeini's ideology saw the revolution as pan-Islamist, and therefore embracing Sunni, Shi'a, Sufi, and other, more nondenominational Muslims}}</ref> Sahanadii ugu dambeeyay waxay ku warramayaan in qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Muslimiinta ka mid ah kuwa ku nool qaybo ka mid ah dunida ay isku tilmaamaan oo keliya Muslim, inkasta oo ay yar tahay falanqaynta la daabacay ee ku saabsan sababaha ka dambeeya jawaabtan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burns |first=Robert |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=akWUGyN7fwEC|page=55}} |title=Christianity, Islam, and the West |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-7618-5560-6 |page=55 |publisher=University Press of America |quote=40 per cent called themselves "just a Muslim" according to the Council of American-Islamic relations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tatari |first=Eren |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=x_4QBQAAQBAJ|page=111}} |title=Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets |date=2014 |isbn=978-90-04-27226-2 |page=111 |publisher=BRILL |quote=Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi}}</ref> Pew Research waxay ku warramaysaa in jawaab-bixiyeyaasha isku tilmaama oo keliya Muslim ay yihiin inta ugu badan ee Muslimiinta ee toddoba waddan (iyo tiro sare saddex kale dhexdeeda), iyadoo heerka ugu sarreeya uu yahay Kasakhstan oo ah 74%. Ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah shan kasta oo Muslim ah ee ugu yaraan 22 waddan wuxuu isku tilmaamaa habkan.<ref name="Pew">{{cite web|date=9 August 2012|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|access-date=4 September 2013|website=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project}}</ref> == Tasawufka == === Suufiyada === {{Main|Suufiyada}} {{See also|Xiriirka Salafiga iyo Suufiga}} [[File:Mevlana Konya.jpg|thumb|Wareegga Suufiga ee Dhismaha Qabriga Suufiga ee Rumi ee Konya, Turkey.]] Suufiyada (Carabi: تصوف), waa hab ka mid ah Tasawufka Islaamka oo raadiya in lagu helo khibrad shakhsi ah oo toos ah ee Eebbe. Culimadii hore ee Suufiyadu waxay ku tilmaameen tasawufka "cilmiga ujeeddadiisu tahay sixidda wadnaha iyo ka jeedinta dhammaan wixii kale ee aan Eebbe ahayn", iyada oo loo marayo "awoodda caqliga iyo sharafta" oo laga joojiyo in lagu tababaro. Ahmad ibn Ajiba wuxuu ku tilmaamay tasawufka "ku laabashada dhaqanka, bilowgiisuna yahay aqoon, dhexdiisuna tahay wax-qabad [aqoontaas ku saabsan], dhammaadkiisuna yahay hadiya [ka timaada Allah]." Ma aha qayb ka mid ah Islaamka, taabacsanaha ayaana ka tirsan mhabada kala duwan ee Muslinka. Ismaaciiliya, oo barashadeedu ku aasaasan tahay Gnosticism iyo Neoplatonism iyadoo ay barbar socdaan madhabaha Illuminationist iyo Isfahan ee falsafadda Islaamka, waxay samaysay fasiraado tasawuf ah oo Islaamka ah. Hasan al-Basri, oo ahaa Suufigii hore oo inta badan loo arko mid ka mid ah Suufiyadii ugu horreysay, wuxuu adkeeyay cabsida ka timaada guuldarrada Eebbe ee adkaysiga. Taa beddekeeda, Suufiyadii dambe ee waaweynayd, sida Mansur Al-Hallaj iyo Jalaluddin Rumi, waxay adkeeyeen diinta ku aasaasan jacyada loo qabo Eebbe. Jacyadaas waxay sidoo kale saameyn ku lahaayeen fanka, iyadoo Rumi uu weli yahay mid ka mid ah gabayaaga ugu iibka badan Ameerika. [[File:Sema ceremony many.jpg|thumb|Suufiyada ee Turkey.]]Suufiyadu waxay u arkaan tasawufka qayb aan ka go'in Islaamka. Suufiyadii dhaqanka ahayd, sida Bayazid Bastami, Jalaluddin Rumi, Haji Bektash Veli, Junaid Baghdadi, iyo Al-Ghazali, waxay u doodeen in Suufiyadu ku aasaasan tahay usoolka Islaamka iyo barashooyinka nabiga. Taariikhyahan Nile Green wuxuu u dooday in Islaamka qarniyadii dhexe uu ahaa wax yar ama ka badan Suufiyada. Taabacsanaha dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunnada ee dib-u-soocida ee loo yaqaano Salafiyada waxay u arkeen dhaqannada jacyada ee caanka ah, sida weyneynta awliyada Suufiga, inay yihiin cusbooneysiin ka timaada diintii hore. Salafiyiintu inta badan waxay weerareen Suufiyada, taas oo keentay xumaanshaha xiriirka Suufiga iyo Salafiga. Ururrada Suufiga waxay samayskaan dariiqooyin ku xeeran macallin (wali) oo raaca xiriir ruuxi ah oo dib u raaca Muxammad. Suufiyadu waxay kaqaateen door muhiim ah samaynta bulshooyinka Muslinka iyaga oo loo marayo dhaqdhaqaaqyada baahinta iyo waxbarashada. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Ahle Sunnat ama Barelvi ee uu saameeyay Tasawufku wuxuu sheegtaa in ka badan 200 milyan oo taabacsane ku leeyahay Koonfurta Aasiya. Suufiyadu waxay muhiim ku tahay Aasiyada Dhexe, iyo sidoo kale waddamada Afrika sida Tuniisiya, Aljeeriya, Marooko, Senejaal, Chaad iyo Nayjar. == Sharciga iyo Fiqhiga == === Shariicada === {{Main|Shariicada|Fiqhiga}} {{See also|Mantiqa ee Falsafadda Islaamka#Sharciga Islaamka iyo Cilmiga Tawxiidka}} [[File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|Madhabaha sharciga Islaamka ee Dunida Muslinka.]] Shariicada waa tan ka kooban sharciga diinta Islaamka. Doonista ah in la tilmaamo oo lagu ogaado sharciyada hab dhammaystiran oo is-waafaqsan waxay keentay horumarinta aragtida sharciga, oo loo yaqaano fiqhi. Taa beddekeeda, bidco waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo cusbooneysiinta sharciga ka baxsan ee arrimaha diinta. Dhabbooyinka kala duwan, ee loo yaqaano usoolka fiqhiga, ayaa horumaray oo madhabka sharciga ee ka soo baxa dhabbo ku xeeran waxaa loo yaqaanaa madhab. Is-waafaqidda raacda go'aannada khabiir diimeed ama madhab waxaa loo yaqaanaa taqliid. Shuruudda ghayr muqallid waxay u tilmaamaysaa kuwa aan isticmaalin taqliidka iyo, sii dheeraanteeda, aan lahayn madhab. Dhaqanka shakhsigu ku fasirayo sharciga caqliga xor ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa ijtixaad. Kuwa fasira shariicada waxaa loo yaqaanaa muftiyo oo ra'yigooda sharciga ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa fatwo. [[File:'Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa'di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Gabayaaga Saadi Shirazi iyo darwiish waxay u socdaan inay khilaafkooda ku dhameeyaan xakim hortiis, farta qarnigii 16aad oo ka timaada Iiraan.]] Ilaaha koowaad ee Shariicadu waa Qur'aanka iyo Sunnada. Ilaa saddexaad oo caani ah waa qiyaas (caqli analoji ah) oo loo isticmaalo dhibcooyinka sharciga ah ee aan si toos ah loogu faahfaahin Qur'aanka ama Sunnada. Isku-barbardhigga ayaa la raadiyaa si loo helo illah, ama sababta halkan ku jirta, oo ah sababta ka dambeysa xukunkii hore. Tusaale ahaan, reebitaanka gaarka ah ee khamriga waxaa ka soo baxaya reebitaanka guud ee alkoolka maadaama ay wadaagayaan sababta shaqaynaysa ee loo gartay inay tahay dabeecadda ma zeexisa ee dhammaan cabitaannada alkoolka ah. Madhabka Saahiriga wuxuu adkeeyay saafinimada tooska ah oo sidaas darteed wuxuu diaday qiyaaska. Is-afgaradka ra'yiga waa ijmaac, iyadoo ikhtilaafku u tilmaamayo khilaafka culimada. Xukunnadu waxay ficillada u kala saaraan mid ka mid ah shan qaybood oo loo yaqaano axkaam: farad, mustaxab, mubaah, makruuh, iyo xaraam. Xilliga casriga ah, sharciyada dambiyada ee ku aasaasan shariicada waxaa inta badan beddelay sharciyo ka yimid moodellada Yurub. Cilmiga dib-u-soocida ee Tanzimat ee Qarnigii 19aad ee Dowladdii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu keenay koodka madaniga ee Mecelle wuxuuna ka dhigan yahay dadaalkii ugu horreeyay ee lagu koodiyeeyo shariicada. Iyadoo Dastuurada badanka states-ka Muslinku u badan yihiin ay ku jiraan tilmaamo ku saabsan shariicada, xeerarkeeda dhaqanka ah waxaa inta badan lagu reebay oo keliya sharciyada heerka shakhsiga (famlida). Hay'adaha sharciga ah oo koodiyeeyay sharciyaddan waxay raadiyeen inay casriyeeyaan iyagoon ka tageyn aasaaskooda fiqhiga dhaqanka ah. Dib-u-soocida Islaamka ee qarnigii 20aad ee dambe waxay keentay baaqyo ka yimid dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiyiinta oo ku saabsan fulinta dhammaystiran ee shariicada. Doorka shariicadu wuxuu noqday mowduuc lagu tartamo dunida oo dhan. Waxaa jira doodaha socda oo ku saabsan in shariicadu ay la waafaqsan tahay foomamka cilmaani ee xukuumadda, xuquuqda aadanaha, xorriyadda fekerka, iyo xuquuqda dumarka darteed meelaha ay ka mid yihiin faafreebka iyo doonaanta. == Bulshada == === Shakhsiyaadka diinta === {{Main|Culumada}} [[File:Maqamat_hariri.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Culimada ku sugan maktabadda Cabbaasiyiinta, Maqamat al-Hariri. Farta uu qray Yahyá al-Wasiti, Baqdaad, 1237 AD.]] Islaamku maleho wadaado ah macnaha sacerdotalism, sida baaddariyada oo kale oo dhex-dhexaadiya Eebbe iyo dadka. Imaam (Carabi: إمام) waa cinwaanka diinta oo loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo booska hoggaaminta Islaamka, inta badan marka loo eego samaynta adeegga cibaadada Islaamka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Imam|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/imam|access-date=15 January 2023|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> Fasiraadda diinta waxaa hoggaamiya culumada (Carabi: علماء), oo ah shuruud loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo kooxda culimada Muslinka ah ee helay tababarka barashada Islaamka. Caalimka xadiiska waxaa loo yaqaanaa muxaddith, caalimka fiqhiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa faqeeh (Carabi: فقيه), qaanuun-yaqaanka u qalma inuu soo saaro ra'yiga sharciga ah ama fatwooyinka waxaa loo yaqaanaa mufti, qadi-yuna waa xakim Islaam ah. Cinwaannada sharafta leh ee la siiyo culimada waxaa ka mid ah sheekh, mulla iyo mawlawi. Muslinka qaar ka mid ah waxay sidoo kale weyneeyaan awliyada u xiran karaamooyinka (Carabi: كرامات).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Radtke |first1=B. |last2=Lory |first2=P. |last3=Zarcone |first3=Th. |last4=DeWeese |first4=D. |last5=Gaborieau |first5=M. |last6=Denny |first6=F. M. |last7=Aubin |first7=F. |last8=Hunwick |first8=J. O. |last9=Mchugh |first9=N. |title=Walī |orig-year=1993 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Bearman |editor1-first=P. J. |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-link=Thierry Bianquis |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-first=C. E. |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor4-first=E. J. |editor4-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-first=W. P. |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill Publishers |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335 |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}</ref> === Maamulka === {{See also|Siyaasadda iyo Islaamka|Dhaqaalaha Islaamka|Qaanuunka ciidanka ee Islaamka|Tasaamuxa|Jihaadka}} [[File:Ali and Aisha at the Battle of the Camel.jpg|thumb|Xaasidii Muxammad, Caasha, oo la dagaallamaysa Cali.]] Fiqhiga dhaqaalaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, kaydsiga hantida si xad-dhaaf ah waa lagu necbyahay, sidaas darteedna dhaqanka maalgashiga monobooliga ah waa laga hoos eegaa.<ref name="Iqbal2010">{{cite book | last1 = Iqbal | first1 = Zamir | last2 = Mirakhor | first2 = Abbas | last3 = Krichenne | first3 = Noureddine | last4 = Askari | first4 = Hossein | title = The Stability of Islamic Finance: Creating a Resilient Financial Environment | location = Singapore | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | year = 2010 | language = en | isbn = 978-0-470-82518-1 | p = 75}}</ref> Dadaallada lagu waafajinayo shariicada waxay keeneen horumarinta bangiyada Islaamka. Islaamku wuxuu reebaa ribada, oo inta badan loo turjumo faa'iido si aan caddaalad ahayn ku timaada ganacsiga, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo faa'iidada ribada.<ref>{{harvc |c=Riba |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |year=n.d. |last1= Schacht|first1=Joseph}}</ref> Taa beddekeeda, bangiyada Islaamku waxay iskaashi la sameeyaan amaanadaha, iyagoo labaduba wadaagaya faa'iidada iyo qasaaraha ka soo baxa mashruuca. Shuruud kale waa ka fogaanshaha hubaal-la'aanta, oo loo arko saqajaan (khumaar), bangiyada Islaamkuna dhaqan ahaan waxay ka fogaadaan aaladaha la soocay sida mustaqbalka ama doorashooyinka, taas oo taariikhiyan ka ilaalisay hoos u dhaca suuqyada.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Foster|first=John |date=1 December 2009|title=How Islamic finance missed heavenly chance|work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8388644.stm|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Domat|first=Chloe|date=20 October 2020|title=What Is Islamic Finance And How Does It Work?|work=Global Finance magazine|url=https://www.gfmag.com/topics/blogs/islamic-finance-faq-what-islamic-finance-and-how-does-it-work|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref> Khulafadii Raashidiinta iyo Dowladdii Umawiyiinta waxay ku lug lahaayeen qaybinta sadaqada ee ka timaada qasnadda dowladda, oo loo yaqaano Bayt al-maal, ka hor inta aysan noqon dadaal shakhsi ah meelaha sannadkii 720. Khaliifkii ugu horreeyay, Abu Bakar, wuxuu u qaybiyay sakada sida tusaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee dakhliga ugu yar ee la dammaanad qaado, iyadoo muwaaddin kasta uu helayay 10 illaa 20 dirham sannadkiiba.<ref>{{cite web |last=Merchant, Brian |date=14 November 2013 |title=Guaranteeing a Minimum Income Has Been a Utopian Dream for Centuries |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/guaranteeing-a-minimum-income-has-been-a-utopian-dream-for-centuries/ |access-date=3 June 2019 |website=VICE}}</ref> Waagii maamulkii khaliifkii labaad ee Cumar, taageerada carruurta ayaa la soo bandhigay, kuwa da'da ah iyo kuwa nafedana waxay xaq u lahaayeen mushaar,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Buraey |first=Muhammad |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=lT8OAAAAQAAJ|page=}} |title=Administrative Development: An Islamic Perspective |publisher=KPI |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-7103-0059-1 |pages=252–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Akgündüz |first1=Ahmed |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=EnT_zhqEe5cC|page=539}} |title=Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths |last2=Öztürk |first2=Said |publisher=IUR Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |pages=539– |access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref> iyadoo khaliifkii Umawiyiinta ee Cumar II uu u qoondeeyay adeego dhagool kasta iyo labadii qafis ee xanuunsan oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Al-Jawzi|first1=Ibn |url=|title=The Biography and Virtues of Omar Bin Abd al-Aziz – The Ascetic Caliph |publisher=IUR Press |year=2001 |isbn= |page=130 }}</ref> [[File:Saladin the Victorious.jpg|thumb|Salaxaddiin Guuleystaha, uu qray Gustave Doré.]] Jihaad wuxuu macnehiisu yahay "dadaal ama ilaa qabasho [dhabada Eebbe]", macnehiisa ugu ballaaranina waa "awoodda, dadaalka, ama awoodda ugu dambeysa oo lagu bixiyo la dagaallanka shay laga xumaado". Shiicadu gaar ahaan waxay adkeeyaan "jihaadka weyn" oo ah dadaalka lagu gaarayo wanaajinta nafta ee ruuxiga ah iyadoo "jihaadka yar" loo tilmaamo dagaalka. Marka loo isticmaalo sidaas oo keliya, jihaadka inta badan waxaa loo fahmaa foomkiisa ciidanka. Jihaadku waa foomka keliya ee dagaalka ee loo oggol yahay sharciga Islaamka, waxaana lagu dhawaaqi karaa ka dhan ah ujeedooyinka aan sharciyaysnayn, argagixisada, kooxaha dambiyada, reebleyaasha, murtadiinta, iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha ama dowladaha dhibta Muslinka. Badanka Muslinka maanta waxay u fasiraan Jihaadka oo keliya foom دفاع ah oo dagaalka ah. Jihaadku wuxuu oo keliya noqdaa waajib shakhsi ah kuwa la siiyay awoodda. Dadka kale oo dhan, tani waxay dhacdaa oo keliya marka ay jirto diyaargarow guud. Badanka Shiicada Isnaashariyada, jihaadka weerarka ah waxaa oo keliya lagu dhawaaqi karaa hoggaamiye Eebbe uu doortay oo ee bulshada Muslinka ah, sidaas darteedna, wuu hakad ku jiraa tan iyo gaabinta Muxammad al-Mahdi ee sannadkii 868 CE. === Nolosha maanta iyo tan aabbanimada/qoyska === {{See also|Edabta (Islaamka)|Cuntada reebban ee Islaamka|Islaamka iyo carruurta|Guurka Islaamka|Dumarka Islaamka|Guurka badan ee Islaamka}} [[File:Salat Eid al-Fitr, Tehran (113344343).jpg|thumb|Haweenay Iiraani ah oo xiran astaan Islaami ah (Xijaab).]] Cilmiga edabta ee maalinlaha ah wuxuu ku jiraa qaybta edabta, ama hab-dhaqanka. Cuntooyinka si gaar ah loo reebay waxaa ka mid ah hเนื้อ Doofaarka, dhiigga iyo bakhtiga. Caafimaadka waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timaada Eebbe, waxyaabaha maaddada ah ee maaddada maanka dooriya, sida cabitaannada alkoolka ah, waa kuwo reebban.<ref>{{cite book|author=Fahd Salem Bahammam|title=Food and Dress in Islam: An explanation of matters relating to food and drink and dress in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRojJ7lnb18C&pg=PP1|publisher=Modern Guide|isbn=978-1-909322-99-8|page=1}}</ref> Dhammaan hเนื้อ waa inay ka timaadaa xayawaan geed-daaq ah oo loo qashay magaca Eebbe oo uu qashay Muslin, Yuhuudi, ama Christian, marka laga reebo ugaarta uu qofku ugaarsaday ama kaluumaysay maankiisa.<ref>{{harvp|Curtis|2005|p=164}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|p=111}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |c=Slaughter |first=Ersilia |last=Francesca |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}</ref> Garaha inta badan waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa ragga sida shay dabiici ah<ref>{{Cite news |last=De Sondy |first=Amanullah |date=28 January 2016|title=The relationship between Muslim men and their beards is a tangled one|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/28/muslim-men-beards-facial-hair-islam |access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref> iyo isbeddellada jirka, sida peenijka joogtada ah (sawirka jidhka), inta badan waa reebban iyadoo laga baqayo inay kharribaan ubaahda u go'an.{{efn|Muslinka qaar ka mid ah Shiinaha waagii boqortooyada waxay ka horyimaadeen xiridda cagaha gabdhaha sababtaas oo kale darteed.}} <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |title=Are Muslims Allowed to Get Tattoos? |website= |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=8 Bisha Saddexaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308040238/https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Xariirta iyo dahabka waa reebban yihiin ragga Islaamka dhexdiisa si loo dhowro xaaladda miyir-qabka.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glassé |first1=Cyril |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |page=158 |language=en|year=2001}}</ref> Haya, oo inta badan loo turjumo "xishood", mararka qaar waxaa loo tilmaamaa dabeecadda hoose ee Islaamka<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zine |first1=Jasmin |last2=Babana-Hampton |first2=Safoi |last3=Mazid |first3=Nergis |last4=Bullock |first4=Katherine |last5=Chishti |first5=Maliha |title=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:4 |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JM4DwAAQBAJ&q=haya+islam&pg=PA59 |access-date=4 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> wuxuuna hagaa badanka nolosha maalinlaha ah ee Muslinka. Tusaale ahaan, dharka Islaamka dhexdiisa wuxuu adkeeyaa heerka xishoodka, oo ay ku jirto xijaabka haweenka. Sidoo kale, nadaafadda shakhsiga ah waa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa shuruudo gaar ah.<ref>{{cite web |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |access-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114153249/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |archive-date=14 November 2016}}</ref> [[File:Muslim Couple (cropped).jpg|thumb|Saddex laba oo Muslin ah oo ka socda Indoneesiya.]] Guurka Islaamka dhexdiisa, ninka arooska ah waxaa lagu leeyahay inuu bixiyo meherka aroosadda (mahar).<ref>{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=93–96}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=339}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Esposito|1998|p=79}}</ref> Qoysaska badankood ee dunida Islaamka waxay leeyihiin hal xaas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Newby |first=Gordon D. |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00newb |title=A concise encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=Oneworld |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-85168-295-9 |location=Oxford |page=141}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionhis00nasr_0/page/68 |title=Islam : religion, history, and civilization |publisher=HarperOne |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-06-050714-5 |location=New York |page=68}}</ref> Ragga Muslinka ah waxaa loo oggol yahay inay sameeyaan guurka badan waxayna yeelan karaan illaa afar xaas oo isku mar ah. Waxbarashada Islaamku waxay si adag uga baqaysaa inay adkayso in haddii ninku uusan dammaanad qaadi karin taageerada maaliyadeed iyo ta ruuxiga ah oo siman xaasaskiisa mid kasta, waxaa la dhiirri-geliyaa inuu guursado hal haweenay oo keliya. Sabab lagu tilmaamay guurka badan ayaa ah inay ninka u oggolaato inuu siiyo ilaalin maaliyadeed haween badan, oo laga yaabo inaysan helin taageero kale (tusaale, carrooyinka). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaska ugu horreysa waxay shuruud ku xiri kartaa heshiiska guurka in ninku uusan guursan karin haweenay kale inta ay guursan yihiin.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ratno Lukito|title=Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbridgeable|page=81|publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/fatwa/ShowFatwa.php?lang=A&Id=18444&Option=FatwaId |title=IslamWeb |publisher=IslamWeb |date=7 February 2002 |access-date=13 September 2011}}</ref> Waxaa sidoo kale jira kala duwanaansho dhaqameed oo aroosyo ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Gai |url=https://archive.org/details/rememberinggodre0000eato |title=Remembering God: Reflections on Islam |publisher=The Islamic Texts Society |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-946621-84-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=92–93}}</ref> Polyandry, oo ah dhaqan ay haweenaydu ku guursato laba ama ka badan oo ragg ah, waa ku reebban Islaamka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Can't a Woman have 2 Husbands? |url=http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |access-date=27 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223012707/http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |archive-date=23 December 2015 |website=14 Publications}}</ref> [[File:عکس های مراسم ترتیل خوانی یا جزء خوانی یا قرائت قرآن در ایام ماه رمضان در حرم فاطمه معصومه در شهر قم 20.jpg|thumb|Gabdhaha Muslinka ah oo baranaya Qur'aanka lagu dul dhigay rehalada xilliga Ramadaanka ee Qom, Iiraan.]] Aadada dhalashada ubadka ka dib, adhaanka waxaa lagu dhawaaqaa dhegta midig. Maalinta todobaad, xafladda caqiiqada ayaa la sameeyaa, oo xayawaan lagu qalo oo hantiisa loo qaybiyo masaakiinta. Madaxa ubadka waa la xiiraa, oo lacag la eg miisaanka dhagaha waxaa loo deeqaa masaakiinta. Gudniinka raga, oo loo yaqaano khitaan, inta badan waa lagu dhaqmaa dunida Muslinka.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2014 |title=Khitān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127165754/https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |archive-date=27 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=January 2017 |title=Reported Male Circumcision Practices in a Muslim-Majority Setting |journal=BioMed Research International |publisher=Hindawi Publishing Corporation |volume=2017 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2017/4957348 |pmc=5282422 |pmid=28194416 |doi-access=free |author1-last=Anwer |author1-first=Abdul Wahid |author2-last=Samad |author2-first=Lubna |author3-last=Baig-Ansari |author3-first=Naila |author4-last=Iftikhar |author4-first=Sundus}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=13 August 2009 |title=Islam: Circumcision of boys |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112170938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |archive-date=12 November 2012 |access-date=27 May 2020 |work=Religion & ethics—Islam |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Xaq-dhowridda iyo addeecidda waalidiinta, iyo daryeelidooda gaar ahaan markay da'da yihiin waa waajib diini ah. Muslinka dhimanaya waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa inuu dhawaaqo Shahaadada si ay u noqoto hadalkiisa ugu dambeeya.<ref>{{Cite book| isbn = 9783643900678| title =Changing European Death Ways| location = Austria| year = 2013| last1=Mathijssen| first1=Brenda|last2=Venhorst|first2=Claudia|last3=Venbrux|first3=Eric|last4=Quartier|first4=Thomas| url =| page = 265 |publisher=Lit }}</ref> Xaq-dhowridda kii dhintay iyo ka qaybgalka jinaasooyinka ee bulshada dhexdeeda waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ficillada wanaagsan. Caadooyinka aasidda Islaamka, aasidda waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa si dhakhso ah oo ugu macquulsan, inta badan 24 saac dhexdeeda. Meydka waa la dhaqaa, marka laga reebo shuhadada, oo ay dhaqaan kuwo labka ah oo isku jinsi ah waxaana lagu duubaa dhar aan adkayn oo loo yaqaano kafan. Salaadda jinaasada oo loo yaqaano Salat al-Janazah ayaa la tukadaa. Qaylada ama ooyinta weyn ee baroorgaaga ah waa laga fogaadaa. Sanduuqyada aaska inta badan la ma doorbido oo qabrida inta badan calaamad maleho, xata boqorada. === Dhaqanka === {{Main|Dhaqanka Islaamka}} {{See also|Farshaxanka Islaamka|Dhismaha Islaamka|Suugaanta Islaamka|Islaamka iyo kubbadda cagta|Muslinka Dhaqanka}} [[File:Chinese-style minaret of the Great Mosque 2023.jpg|thumb|Minaaradda qaabka Shiinaha ee Masaajidka Weyn ee Xi'an, oo ka mid ah masaajidda ugu ee Shiinaha ee la dhisay 742 AD.]] Erayga "dhaqanka Islaamka" waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee u gaarka ah diinta, sida ciidaha iyo dharka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si dood ku jirto oo loogu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee dadka Muslinka ah ee dhaqanka ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Melikian |first=Souren |author-link=Souren Melikian |date=4 November 2011 |title='Islamic' Culture: A Groundless Myth |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/05/arts/05iht-rartmelikian05.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 November 2013}}</ref> Ugudambeyntii, "ilbaxnimada Islaamka" waxay sidoo kale u tilmaami kartaa dhinacyada dhaqanka isku-dhafka ah ee Khilafaadkii hore, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa aan Muslinka ahayn, mararka ka mid ahna loo yaqaano "Islaamiga".<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Wiley| isbn = 9781405155144| title =Islamicate Cosmopolitan Spirit | location = United Kingdom| year = 2021| last=Lawrence| first=Bruce| url =| page = xii| quote = }}</ref> Farshaxanka Islaamku wuxuu ka kooban yahay farshaxanka muuqaalka ah oo ay ku jiraan ilo kala duwan sida dhismaha, farta qurxoon, sawirka, iyo dhoobada, iyo kuwo kale.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ettinghausen |first1=Richard |first2=Oleg |last2=Grabar |first3=Marilyn |last3=Jenkins-Madina |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300088670/page/3 |title=Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-300-08869-8 |edition=2nd |page=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Suarez|first=Michael F.|title=The Oxford companion to the book|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780198606536|location=Oxford and New York|pages=331ff|chapter=38 The History of the Book in the Muslim World|oclc=50238944}}</ref> Iyadoo sameynta sawirrada noolaha inta badan ka laga fogaado oo u xiran sharciyada ka dhanka ah sanam-caabudidda, shuruuddan waxaa u fasiray ilo kala duwan culimo kala duwan iyo xilliyo taariikhi ah oo kala duwan. [[File:Masjid Menara Kudus.jpg|thumb|Masaajidka Menara Kudus ee qarnigii 16aad ee Indoneesiya, oo muujinaya saamaynta Hindiya.]] Xaddidaaddan waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu fashilo badnaanta farta qurxoon, joomatariya isku-dhafka ah, iyo qaababka sida ilaha muhiimka ah ee dhaqanka farshaxanka Islaamka.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Salim Ayduz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=or-6BwAAQBAJ&q=islamic+art+idolatry+geometry&pg=PA263 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam |last2=Ibrahim Kalin |last3=Caner Dagli |date=2014 |page=263|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-981257-8 |quote=Figural representation is virtually unused in Islamic art because of Islam's strong antagonism of idolatry. It was important for Muslim scholars and artists to find a style of art that represented the Islamic ideals of unity (''tawhid'') and order without figural representation. Geometric patterns perfectly suited this goal.}}</ref> Waxaa sii dheer, sawirka Muxammad waa arrin dood ka jirto dhexdeeda Muslinka.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=860736| title = An Indian Picture of Muhammad and His Companions | author = T. W. Arnold| journal = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs | author-link = T. W. Arnold| date = June 1919| volume = 34| issue = 195 | publisher = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 34, No. 195. | pages = 249–252}}</ref> Dhismaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, dhaqanka kala duwan wuxuu muujinayaa saamayn sida dhismaha Islaamka ee Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Isbaanishka sida Masaajidka Weyn ee Kairouan oo ka kooban tiirar marmar iyo borfiri ah oo ka yimid dhismayaashii Roomaanka iyo Bizantiinta,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Isichei |first=Elizabeth Allo |url={{Google books|LgnhYDozENgC|page=PA175|keywords=mosque%20kairouan%20roman columns|text=mosque+kairouan+roman+columns|plainurl=yes}} |title=A history of African societies to 1870 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-45599-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=175 |access-date=6 August 2010}}</ref> iyadoo masaajidda Indoneesiya inta badan leeyihiin saqafyo heerarka badan leh oo ka yimid qaabka dhaladka ah ee Jafa.<ref>{{cite book |first=Gunawan |last=Tjahjono |title=Indonesian Heritage-Architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/architecture00indo/page/88 |year=1998 |publisher=Archipelago Press |location=Singapore |isbn=981-3018-30-5 |pages=88–89 }}</ref> Taariikhda Islaamku waa taariikhda dayaxa oo ka bilaabanta Hijrada 622 CE, oo ah taariikh oo la sheegay inuu doortay Khaliif Cumar maadaama ay ahayd meel isbeddel muhiim ah u ahayd Muxammad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Muslim-calendar|title=Islamic calendar|website=www.britannica.com|date=|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> Maalmaha barakaysan ee Islaamku waxay ku beegan yihiin taariikho go'an oo ee taariikhda dayaxa, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay dhacaan xilliyo kala duwan sannado kala duwan oo ee taariikhda Miilaadiga. Ciidaha ugu muhiimsan Islaamka waa Ciidul Fitri (Carabi: عيد الفطر) ee 1-da Shawaal, oo calaamad u ah dhammaadka bisha soomanaanta ee Ramadaan, iyo Ciidul Adxa (Carabi: عيد الأضحى) ee 10-ka Dhul-Hijjah, oo ku beegan dhammaadka Xajka.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher =Oxford University Press| isbn =9780195165203| title =The Islamic World: Past and Present| year = 2004| last=Esposito| first=John| pages = 75–76 |ref=none}}</ref><ref name="www.britannica.com-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|title=Pillars of Islam &#124; Islamic Beliefs & Practices &#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|date=3 May 2023|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905102524/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|url-status=live}}</ref> Muslinka Dhaqanka waa shakhsiyaad aan cibaadaysaneyn oo wali lagu aqoonsado Islaamka iyadoo laga duulayo asalka qoyska, dhiirrigelinta shakhsiga ah, ama deegaanka bulshada iyo dhaqanka ee ay ku doorteen inay ku koran.<ref>{{cite book|first1= Cara|last1= Aitchison|author1-link= Cara Aitchison|first2= Peter E.|last2= Hopkins|author3-link= Mei-Po Kwan|author3= Mei-Po Kwan|title= Geographies of Muslim Identities: Diaspora, Gender and Belonging|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DRnthQxB8lYC&pg=PA147|access-date= 30 June 2013|year= 2007|publisher= Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn= 978-1-4094-8747-0|pages=147}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice|first=G. Hussein|last= Rassool|year= 2015| isbn=9781317441250| page =10|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_QsCgAAQBAJ&dq=Muslims+who+are+religiously+unobservant,+secular+or+irreligious+individuals+who+still+identify+with+the+Muslim&pg=PA10|quote=The label 'Cultural Muslim' is used in the literature to describe those Muslims who are religiously unobservant, secular or irreligious individuals who still identify with the Muslim culture due to family background, personal experiences, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up... For Cultural Muslim the declaration of faith is superficial and has no effect of their religious practices.}}</ref> === Siyaasada=== [[File:Scotusnfrieze.jpeg|thumb|Muxammad oo lagu muujiyay Adolph Alexander Weinman ee Dhismaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka ee Washington, DC isagoo wada seef iyo Qur'aan.]] Qayb badan oo ka mid ah qarnigii 20aad, aqoonsiga Islaamka iyo maamulka Islaamka ee arrimaha siyaasadda ayaa kordhay horraantii qarnigii 21aad. Siyaasadda Islaamka waa fasiraadda Islaamka oo loo arko il ka mid ah aqoonsiga iyo wax-qabadka siyaasadeed.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last1=Voll|first1=John O.|last2=Sonn|first2=Tamara|title=Political Islam|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/id/obo-9780195390155-0063|journal=Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets|year=2009|language=en|doi=10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0063|access-date=2017-05-26|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223165247/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0063.xml|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Waxay u doodaysaa dhisidda dawladda iyo bulshada sida ku cad (fahamka u doodayaasha) mabaadi'da Islaamka, halkaas oo Islaamku u shaqeeyo il ka mid ah jagooyinka iyo fikradaha siyaasadeed.<ref name=":02">Krämer, Gudrun. "Political Islam." In Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 6. Edited by Richard C. Martin, 536–540. New York: Macmillan, 2004. [http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam via Encyclopedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713072425/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam|date=2018-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=March|first1=Andrew F.|title=Political Islam: Theory|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|date=2015|volume=18|issue=1|pages=103–123|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141250|doi-access=free}}</ref> Siyaasadda Islaamka waxaa muriyaal ka dhex jira iyo kuwa ka baxsan tacliinta guud ahaan ugu adeegsadaan si isku mid ah ereyga Islaamiyadda,<ref name=":13" /> waxaana loo haystaa inuu yahay cunsur siyaasadeed oo ka mid ah Soo-reenka Islaamka oo bilaabmay qarnigii 20aad,<ref name=":13" /> halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa oo kaliya nooc kasta oo wax-qabad siyaasadeed oo ay sameeyaan Muslimiintu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale jirey dadaallo cusub oo lagu kala saarayo Islaamiyadda oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo ku basada diinta iyo siyaasadda Islaamka oo ah faham qaran oo casri ah oo ku saabsan Islaamka oo ay wadaagaan jilayaasha cilmaaniga ah iyo kuwa Islaamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jocelyne Cesari|year=2018|title=What Is Political Islam|url=https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.rienner.com|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-1-62637-692-2|archive-date=2023-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106160415/https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|url-status=live}}</ref> Kooxaha dhowr ah oo ku yaala Bariga Dhexe ayaa u kaftamay inay fikradaha casriynta ku xiraan faragelinta boqortooyadii gumaadkeedii. Wadamada Muslimka ah ee dhowr ah, gaar ahaan Masar iyo Bakistaan, dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo lid ku ah oo u janjeera dhanka diinta ayaa salka ku dhigtay. Sababaha waa kuwo dhinacyo badan leh. Burburkii Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu ahaa dhacdo baaxad weyn oo dhalisay gariirro badan. Gobolku wuxuu la kulmay jahwareer sannado badan maadaama waddamada Carabtu ay hoos tageen saamaynta dhaqanka iyo guulaystayaasha waddamada Yurub. Dhanka cadaadiska dhaqanka oo kordhayay Muslimiintu waxay adkeeyeen aqoonsigooda qaran iyo dhaxalkooda dhaqan, kooxaha qaar waxay ugafeen dhinacyada diinta. Masar dhexdeeda daciifnimada Muslimiinta waxaa lagu eedeeyay u kuปฏิบัตitaanka liidata ee qoraallada diinta. Sida ku cad Hassan al-Banna, dhaqanka Yurub wuxuu ahaa mid maaddiyad ku dhisan, anshax xumo ah oo ku batay ku-tagri-falka heerarka bulshada iyo ribada. === Sugaanta === {{Main|Islaamiga}} {{multiple image | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 600 | image1 = Saadi Tomb.jpg | image2 = Hafez 880714 095.jpg | footer = Qabuuraha Saadi, Hafez iyo Ferdowsi, saddexda abwaan ee ugu caansan Muslimiinta, oo dhammaantood ku yaalla Iran. | caption1 = | caption2 = | image3 = Tomb-of-Ferdowsi آرامگاه-فردوسی Davoud-Davoudi 1.jpg }} Shaqada ugu caansan ee khayaaliga ah ee ka timi dunida Islaamka waa Kumaan iyo Hal Habeen, oo ah ururin sheekooyin hoose/folklore oo ka soo jeeda Sanskriit, Faarisi, iyo ka dib fables Carab ah. Fikradda waxaa saameeyay nooc ka horreeyay Islaamka oo Faarisi ah oo loo yaqaannay Hezār Afsān (Kumaan Sheeko) oo ku tiirsanaa walxaha Hindida ee gaarka ah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Marzolph|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|title=Arabian Nights|year=2007|publisher=Brill|volume=I|location=Leiden}}</ref> Waxay gaadhay foomkeeda ugu dambeeyay qarnigii 14aad; tirada iyo nooca sheekooyinku waxay ku kala duwanaayeen farta gacanta mid ka mid ah mid kale.<ref name="arabianNights">Grant & Clute, p. 51</ref> Shaqadan waxay saameyn weyn ku lahayd Galbeedka tan iyo markii loo turjumay qarnigii 18aad, markii ugu horreysay oo uu turjumay Antoine Galland.<ref>L. Sprague de Camp, Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy, p. 10 {{ISBN|0-87054-076-9}}</ref> Ku-dayasho ayaa lagu qray, gaar ahaan Faransiiska.<ref name="arabianNights2">Grant & Clute, p 52</ref> Jilayaal kala duwan oo ka socda epik-kan ayaa iyaguna noqday calaamado dhaqameed ee dhaqanka Galbeedka, sida Aladdiin, Sindibad Nawaakhida iyo Cali Baba. Tusaale ka mid ah tixda Carabiga iyo tixda Faarisiga oo ku saabsan jacaylka waa Layla iyo Majnuun, oo dib u dhaceysa xilligii Umawiyiinta ee qarnigii 7aad. Waa sheeko naxdin leh oo ku saabsan jacayl aan dhimanayn. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, oo ah epik-ka qaranka ee Iran-ta Weyn, waa dib-u-sheegid khayaali iyo geesinimo leh oo ku saabsan taariikhda Faarisiga. Amir Arsalan wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa sheeko khayaali ah oo caan ah oo Faarisi ah. Ibn Tufayl (Abubacer) iyo Ibn al-Nafis waxay ahaayeen hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda. Ibn Tufail wuxuu qray riwaayaddii ugu horreysay ee Carabi ah Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) iyadoo cavab u ah Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, ka dibna Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sidoo kale qray riwaayad Theologus Autodidactus iyadoo cavab u ah Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Labada sheeko waxay lahaayeen jilayaal waaweyn (Hayy ee Philosophus Autodidactus iyo Kamil ee Theologus Autodidactus) oo ahaa carruur is-baray oo duurka ku voolaa oo ku noolaa go'doon kuyeel/jasiirad saxara ah, labaduba waxay ahaayeen tusaalayaasha ugu horreeyay ee sheeko jasiirad saxara ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halka Hayy uu ku nool yahay kaligiis xoolaha jasiiradda saxarada ah inta ka dhiman sheekada Philosophus Autodidactus, sheekada Kamil waxay ka dhib badan tahay jasiiradda saxarada ah ee Theologus Autodidactus, iyadoo u ekaanaysa sheekadii ugu horreysay oo la ogaaday oo ah koreera/hanaqaad oo ugu dambeyntii noqonaysa tusaalaha ugu horreeya ee riwaayadda sayniska khayaaliga ah.<ref>Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).</ref><ref>Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)] {{Wayback|url=http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 |date=20150404020329 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020329/http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615/|date=4 April 2015}}", pp. 95–101, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.</ref> Theologus Autodidactus,<ref>Muhammad b. Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufayl. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC Philosophus autodidactus, sive Epistola Abi Jaafar ebn Tophail de Hai ebn Yokdhan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004180638/https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC |date=4 October 2015 }}: in qua ostenditur, quomodo ex inferiorum contemplatione ad superiorum notitiam ratio humana ascendere possit. E Theatro Sheldoniano, excudebat Joannes Owens, 1700.</ref><ref>Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi. The Theologus autodidactus of Ibn al-Nafīs. Clarendon P., 1968</ref> oo uu qray aqoonyahanka Carabi Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFCuoqykV9QC&q=ibn+al+nafis+first+science+fiction+novel&pg=PA236|title=The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature|first=Gregory|last=Claeys|date=5 August 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139828420|via=Google Books}}</ref> wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa walxaha sayniska khayaaliga ah sida abuurista iskood u samaysanta, falanqaynta mustaqbalka, dhamaadka dunida iyo qiyaamaha, soo-tegga/sarakicidda, iyo nolosha ka dib. Halkii uu ka siin lahaa sharraxaad mucjiso ama khayaali ah dhacdooyinkan, Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu isku dayay inuu sharraxo walxaha sheekada iyada oo loo marayo aqoonta sayniska ee bijoolajiga, astronomy-ga, cosmology-ga iyo meelaha/juqraafiga oo lagu yaqaannay xilligiisa. Khayaaliga Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sharraxay baridda diinta Islaamka iyada oo loo marayo sayniska iyo falsafadda Islaamka.<ref name="Roubi">Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibnul-Nafees As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).</ref> Turjumaadaha Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus waxay ka muuqdeen Laatiin (1671), Inqiriisi (1708), Jarmal, iyo Dutch. Turjumaadahan luqadaha Yurub waxay ka dib saameyn ku yeesheen Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe<ref>Cyril Glasse (2001), New Encyclopaedia of Islam, p. 202, Rowman Altamira, {{ISBN|0-7591-0190-6}}.</ref> iyo Robert Boyle's The Aspiring Naturalist.<ref name="Toomer-222">G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.</ref> === Falsafadda === [[File:Persian Scholar pavilion in Viena UN (Rhazes&Khayyam).jpg|thumb|Scholars Pavilion waa taallo ay Iran ugu deeqday Xafiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee Vienna. Sannadlaha aqoonyahannadii Muslimka ahaa ee qarniyadii dhexe, Omar Khayyam, Al-Biruni, Rhazes iyo Avicenna ayaa ku dhex jira dhismaha.]] Astaamaha ugu caansan ee lagu qeexo falsafadda Islaamka waa "qaabka falsafadda ee lagu dhex abuuray qaabdhismeedka dhaqanka Islaamka."<ref name="RoutledgeEoP">[http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/H057 "Islamic Philosophy"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606082214/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/islamic-philosophy;jsessionid=B31B033F077DD5E68E09CC9D35C02105|date=6 June 2022}}, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998)</ref> Falsafadda Islaamka, qeexidtan laguma xidho arrimo diimeed oo keliya, mana aha mid ay Muslimiinta oo keliya curiyeen.<ref name="RoutledgeEoP" /> Aqoonyahanka Faarisiiga ah ee Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) wuxuu lahaa ka badan 450 buug oo loo tiriyo. Qoraalladiisu waxay ku saabsanaayeen maadooyin kala duwan, gaar ahaan falsafadda iyo daawada. Buuggiisa daawada ee The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo adeegsaday sida buugga heerka sare ah ee jaamacadaha Yurub ee qarniyo badan. Wuxuu sidoo kale qray The Book of Healing, oo ah encyclopediya saynis iyo falsafad saameyn leh.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ibn Sina [Avicenna]|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=2024|quote=The Cure...had momentous consequences...his philosophical system dominated intellectual history in both Shi’ite and most of Sunni Islam}}</ref> Shakhsiyad kale oo ka tirsan Casrigii Dahabiga ahaa ee Islaamka, Avicenna, wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay dugsigiisa falsafadda ee Avicennism, oo saameyn ku lahaa dhulka Islaamka iyo kan Masiixiga dhexdiisa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Saliba|first=George|author-link=George Saliba|date=1994|title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam|pages=245, 250, 256–257|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=0-8147-8023-7}}</ref> Falsafad kale oo saameyn ku lahaa falsafadda casriga ah wuxuu ahaa Ibn Tufail. Riwaayaddiisii falsafadda ahayd, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, oo loo turjumay Laatiin siday tahay Philosophus Autodidactus sannadkii 1671, waxay horumarisay mawduucyada empiricism, tabula rasa, dabiicadda iyo korinta, xaaladda suurtogalnimada, materialism,<ref>Dominique Urvoy, "The Rationality of Everyday Life: The Andalusian Tradition? (Aropos of Hayy's First Experiences)", in Lawrence I. Conrad (1996), The World of Ibn Tufayl: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān, pp. 38–46, Brill Publishers, {{ISBN|90-04-09300-1}}.</ref> iyo Molyneux's problem.<ref>Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufail and Léon Gauthier (1981), Risalat Hayy ibn Yaqzan, p. 5, Editions de la Méditerranée.</ref> Aqoonyahannada iyo qoraayaasha Yurub ee uu saameeyay riwaayaddan waxaa ka mid ah John Locke,<ref>Russell (1994), pp. 224–39</ref> Gottfried Leibniz,<ref name="Wainwright">Martin Wainwright, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/mar/22/featuresreviews.guardianreview1 Desert island scripts], The Guardian, 22 March 2003.</ref> Melchisédech Thévenot, John Wallis, Christiaan Huygens,<ref>Russell (1994) p. 227</ref> George Keith, Robert Barclay, Quakers,<ref>Russell (1994), p. 247</ref> iyo Samuel Hartlib.<ref name="Toomer-2222">G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.</ref> Falsafada Islaamku waxay sii waday horumarka falsafadda ilaa qarnigii 17aad, markii Mulla Sadra uu sameeyay dugsigiisa Transcendent theosophy oo uu horumaray fikradda existentialism-ka.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy|first=Muhammad|last=Kamal|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-5271-7|pages=9, 39|oclc=224496901}}</ref> Falsafado kale oo saameyn lahaa oo Muslimiin ah waxaa ka mid ah Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), oo ah hormuudka phenomenology iyo falsafadda sayniska iyo dhaleeceeyaha dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian iyo fikradda Aristotle ee goobta (topos); Al-Biruni, dhaleeceeye dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian; Ibn al-Nafis, hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, aasaasaha falsafadda Illuminationist; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, dhaleeceeye mantiqa Aristotelian iyo hormuudka mantiqa inductive-ka; iyo Ibn Khaldun, oo ah hormuudka falsafadda taariikhda.<ref name="Akhtar">S.R.W. Akhtar (1997). "The Islamic Concept of Knowledge", Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought & Culture 12 (3). https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol-12-no3/islamic-concept-knowledge-sayyid-wahid-akhtar</ref> === Sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada === [[File:Statue of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi in Urgench.jpg|thumb|Taallada Al-Khwarizmi ee Urgench, Uzbekistan.]] Ibn al-Haytham waxaa sidoo xaqiiqo ah loo arkaa aabbaha optics-ka, gaar ahaan cadeyntiisa empirik-ka ah ee aragtida intromission-ka ee iftiinka. Jim Al-Khalili wuxuu sheegay 2009 in Ibn al-Haytham 'loogu yeero inta badan "saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee dhabta ah ee dunida".'<ref>{{cite news |last=Al-Khalili|first=Jim|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7810846.stm|title=BBC News|date=4 January 2009|access-date=11 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426041228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm|archive-date=26 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Al-Khwarizmi wuxuu alifay nidaamyada log base-ka ee maanta loo adeecsado, wuxuu sidoo kale ka qaybqaatay theorems ee trigonometry iyo sidoo kale limits.<ref>Plofker, Kim (2009), Mathematics in India: 500 BCE–1800 CE, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-12067-6}}.</ref> Waxbarashooyinkii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujinayaan inay u badan tahay in fannaaniintii Muslimka ahayd ee Qarniyadii Dhexe ay ogaayeen geometriyada quasicrystal ee decagonal ah ee sare ee la helay kala bar millennium ka dib 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii ee Galbeedka, ayna u adeegsadeen shaqada tiled-ka ee dhismaha.<ref>Peter J. Lu, [http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html Harvard's Office of News and Public Affairs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314012002/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html|date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Dhaqaatiirta Muslimiinta ah waxay ka qaybqaateen sahanka daawada, oo ay ku jiraan anatomy iyo physiology: sida shaqadii Faarisiiga ahayd ee qarnigii 15aad ee uu sameeyay Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas ee loo yaqaan Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy-ga jirka) oo ku jireen sawirro guud oo ku saabsan habka jirka, dareemayaasha iyo habka wareegga dhiigga; ama shaqadii dhakhtarkii Masar Ibn al-Nafis, oo soo bandhigay aragtida wareegga dhiigga ee sambabada. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Abulcasis) wuxuu ka qaybqaatay edbinta qalliinka daawada buuggiisa Kitab al-Tasrif ("Buugga Tanaasulaadka"), oo ah encyclopediya daawa oo ka dib loo turjumay Laatiin oo loo adeegsaday iskoolada daawada ee Yurub iyo Muslimiinta ee qarniyo badan. Horumaro kale oo daawo ah waxay ka tulmeen dhinacyada pharmacology iyo pharmacy.<ref>Turner, H. (1997) pp. 136–38</ref> Saynisyahannada ugu caansan ee ka mid ah dunida Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe waxaa ka mid ah Jābir ibn Hayyān, al-Farabi, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Biruni, Avicenna, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, iyo Ibn Khaldun. Tiknoolajiyada dhexdeeda, dunida Islaamka waxay warqad-sameynta ka qaadatay Shiinaha.<ref name="Lucas">Adam Robert Lucas (2005), "Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe", Technology and Culture 46 (1), pp. 1–30 [10].</ref> Aqoonta baaruudda waxaa sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay Shiinaha iyada oo loo marayo waddamada badankooda Islaamka ah.<ref>Arming the Periphery. Emrys Chew, 2012. p. 1823.</ref> Horumar ayaa lagu sameeyay waraabinta iyo beeraha, iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyad cusub sida mishiinka dabaysha. Dalagyada sida lowska/almond iyo miraha sitrus waxaa loo keenay Yurub iyadoo loo marayo al-Andalus, oo beerashada sonkorta ayaa si tartiib-tartiib ah ay ugu ku-daydeen Yurubiyanku. Ganacsatada Carabta waxay maamuleen ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya ilaa imaatinka Boortaqiisku ee qarnigii 16aad. Hormuz wuxuu ahaa xarun muhiim ah oo ganacsigan ah. Waxaa sidoo kale ka jirey shabakad cufan oo waddooyinka ganacsiga ee Badda Dhexe, oo ay waddamada aqlabiyadda Muslimka ah ku ganacsan jireen kesooda iyo awoodaha Yurub sida Venice, Genoa iyo Catalonia (sido kale eeg: Indo-Mediterranean). Jidka Xariirta oo ka tallaabaya Aasiyada Dhexe wuxuu marayay dawlado Islaam ah oo u dhexeya Shiinaha iyo Yurub. Soo-bixidda boqortooyooyinka dhaqaale ee waaweyn oo leh kheyraad tiknoolajiyadeed ka dib qabsashadii Timur (Tamerlane) iyo soo-reenka Timurid Renaissance waxaa ka mid ah Boqortooyada Mali iyo Saltanaddii Bengal gaar ahaan, oo ah qaran ganacsi oo caalami ah oo dunida ku yaal, oo Yurubiyanku ku describe gareeyeen "waddanka ugu hodansan ee lagu ganacsado".<ref>Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. {{ISBN|978-81-8069-149-2}}. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.</ref> Iinjineerada Muslimiinta ee dunida Islaamka waxay sameeyeen isticmaalo warshadeed oo cusub oo hydropower ah, iyo isticmaalo warshadeed oo hore oo ah tidal power iyo wind power.<ref>Ahmad Y. al-Hassan (1976). Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, pp. 34–35. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.</ref> Isticmaalka warshadeed ee watermills ee dunida Islaamka wuxuu dib u dhacaa qarnigii 7aad, halka water mills-ka leh giraangiraha jiifa iyo kuwa taagan oo dhan loo adeegsanayay si weyn tan iyo ugu yaraan qarnigii 9aad. Mashiinno warshadeed oo kala duwan ayaa lagu adeegsanayay dunida Islaamka, oo ay ku jiraan fulling mills, gristmills, paper mills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills iyo windmills. Markii ay gaadhay qarnigii 11aad, gobol kasta oo ka mid ah dunida Islaamka wuxuu lahaa mashiinnadan warshadeed oo shaqaynaya, kuwo ka billowda al-Andalus iyo Waqooyiga Afrika ilaa Bariga Dhexe iyo Aasiyada Dhexe.<ref name="Lucas" /> Iinjineerada Muslimiinta waxay sidoo kale alifeen crankshafts iyo water turbines, waxay adeegsadeen gears ee mashiinnada iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada, waxayna hormuud u ahaayeen isticmaalka dam-yada sida il ka mid ah awoodda biyaha, oo loo adeegsaday in lagu siiyo awood dheeraad ah watermills iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada.<ref name="Hassan">Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering</ref> Horumaradan waxay suurtogal ka dhigeen in shaqooyinka warshadeed oo hore loogu kexayn jiray shaqaale hanto ama gacanta xilliyadii hore ay noqdaan kuwo la mishiineeyay oo lagu kexo mashiinno beddelkeeda dunidii Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe. Wareejinta tiknoolajiyadan oo loo wareejiyay Yurubtii qarniyadii dhexe waxay saameyn ku lahayd Industrial Revolution-ka, gaar ahaan ka soo jeeda proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal iyo Tipu Sultan's Kingdom, iyadoo loo marayo qabsashadii East India Company. === Aqsanta === [[File:Taj Mahal (Edited).jpeg|thumb|Taj Mahal ee India waxaa loo arkaa masterpiece si caalami ah loo bogsho oo ka tirsan World's Heritage, iyo mid ka mid ah Seven Wonders of the World.]] {{excerpt|Islamic architecture|only=paragraphs}} == Saamaynta diimaha kale, iyo Islaamiga == {{Main|Islaamiga|Islaamiga waddan ahaan}} [[File:Mohammed2.jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad iyo Rahibkii Sergius, oo uu sameeyay Lucas van Leyden, 1508 AD. Waxay muujineysaa Halsooreedkii Nabi Muxammad ee ku dhex wareegi jiray Yurub.]] [[File:La.Vie.de.Mahomet Christies.jpg|thumb|403x403px|Nabi Muxammad oo haysta seef iyo bilal halka uu ku tunto dunida, iskutallaabta, iyo Tobanka Amrood. Waxaa sameeyay Humphrey Prideaux, 1699.]] [[File:Nuremberg chronicles - Mohammed (CLIv).jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad oo fadhiya dhanka bidix, oo ku sawiran Nuremberg Chronicle, 1440 AD.]] Haddii dhaqdhaqaaqyada sida Druze,<ref>{{Cite book |last=De McLaurin |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalroleofm0000unse |title=The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East |publisher=Michigan University Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-03-052596-4 |page=114 |quote=Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles, the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Shireen |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofislami0000unse |title=The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and Unity: Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-253-34549-3 |page=33 |quote=Druze – An offshoot of Shi'ism; its members are not considered Muslims by orthodox Muslims.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=R. Williams |first=Victoria |title=Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 volumes] |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-4408-6118-5 |page=318 |quote=As Druze is a nonritualistic religion without requirements to pray, fast, make pilgrimages, or observe days of rest, the Druze are not considered an Islamic people by Sunni Muslims.}}</ref> Berghouata iyo Ha-Mim, ay ka soo baxeen Islaamka ama ay la wadaageen rumayntooda gaarka ah Islaamka, iyo haddii mid kastaa yahay diin gooni ah ama firqad ka mid ah Islaamka waa aragtiyo dood ku jiraan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=D. Grafton |first=David |title=Piety, Politics, and Power: Lutherans Encountering Islam in the Middle East |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-63087-718-7 |page=14 |quote=In addition, there are several quasi-Muslim sects, in that, although they follow many of the beliefs and practices of orthodox Islam, the majority of Sunnis consider them heretical. These would be the Ahmadiyya, Druze, Ibadi, and the Yazidis.}}</ref> Caqiidada Druze waxay sii kala qaybisay Ismaaciiliyada maadaama ay horumarisay caqiidooyinkeeda gaarka ah, waxayna ugu dambeyntii ka sootagday Ismaaciiliyada iyo Islaamka labadaba; kuwan waxaa ka mid ah rumaynta in Imaamka Al-Xaakim bi-Amr Allaah uu ahaa Ilaah jisoobay.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Poonawala |first=Ismail K. |date=July–September 1999 |title=Review: ''The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning'' by Heinz Halm |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_july-september-1999_119_3/page/542 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |publisher=American Oriental Society |volume=119 |issue=3 |page=542 |doi=10.2307/605981 |issn=0003-0279 |jstor=605981 |lccn=12032032 |oclc=47785421}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Bryer | first = David R. W. | title = The Origins of the Druze Religion (Fortsetzung) | journal = Der Islam | year = 1975 | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–262 | doi = 10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | s2cid = 162363556 | url = https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | issn = 1613-0928 | ref = {{harvid|Bryer|1975b}} | url-access = subscription }}</ref> Yazdânism waxaa loo arkaa isku-dhafan ka mid ah rumaynta dhaladka ee Kurdiida iyo caqiidada Suufiyada Islaamka ee loo soo bandhigay Kurdistan ee Sheekh Cadi ibn Musafir ee qarnigii 12aad.<ref>{{cite book |last=Foltz |first=Richard |title=Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present |date=7 November 2013 |isbn=978-1-78074-307-3 |page=219 |chapter=Two Kurdish Sects: The Yezidis and the Yaresan |publisher=Oneworld Publications |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access=}}</ref> Bábism waxay ka soo bilaabatay Shiicada Isnaashariyada ee martay Siyyid 'Ali Muhammad i-Shirazi al-Bab iyadoo mid ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri Baha'u'llah uu aasaasay Caqiidada Baha'i.<ref>{{cite web |last=House of Justice |first=Universal |title=One Common Faith |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/OCF/ocf-8.html |access-date=1 April 2017 |website=reference.bahai.org}}</ref> Yarsanism,<ref name="Z. Mir-Hosseini 1994, p.267">{{cite journal |last=Mir-Hosseini |first=Z. |date=1994 |title=Inner Truth and Outer History: The Two Worlds of the Ahl-e Haqq of Kurdistan |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1994-04_26_2/page/267 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=26 |pages=267–268}}</ref> Din-i Ilahi,{{sfnp|Roychoudhury|1941|page=306}} iyo Ali-Illahism<ref>{{Cite book |last=Layard |first=Austen Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&q=ali%2520illahism&pg=PA216 |title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum |date=2010-08-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108016773 |page=216 |language=en}}</ref> waxaa loo arkaa kuwo ka sootagay Islaamka. Sikhism, oo uu aasaasay Guru Nanak oo ku sugan Punjab qarnigii 15aad ee dambe, waxaa saameeyay Islaamku.<ref>{{cite book |last=Elsberg |first=Constance |date=2003 |title=Graceful Women |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |isbn=978-1-57233-214-0 |pages=27–28}}</ref> == Dhaleeceynta == {{Main|Dhaleeceynta Islaamka}} {{see also|Dhaleeceynta Muxammad|Dhaleeceynta Qur'aanka}} Dhaleeceynta Islaamku waxay jirtay tan iyo heeraradeedii ugu horreeyay. Dhaleeceyntii hore waxay ka timid qoraayaal Yahuud ah, sida Ibn Kammuna, iyo qoraayaal Masiixi ah, oo kuwo badan oo ka mid ah ay u arkayeen Islaamka bidco Masiixi ah ama nooc sanam-caabudid ah, iyagood inta badan ku fashilayay terms apocalyptic ah.{{sfnp|Fahlbusch et al|2001|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC|page=759}} 759]}} Qoraayaasha Masiixiyiinta ahi waxay dhaleeceeyeen sharraxaadaha laab-lakacsan ee Islaamku ka bixiyo jannada. Qarnigii sagaalaad aqoonyahankii Muslinka ahaa ee Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari wuxuu u dooday sharraxaadda Qur'aanka ee jannada iyadoo sheegaysa in Baybalku sidoo kale tilmaamayso fikradahaas, sida cabbidda khamriga ee jannada dhexdeeda oo ku jirta Injiilka Matayos. Caalimkii Masiixiga ahaa ee qarnigii 4aad Augustine ee Hippo caqiidooyinkiisu waxay keeneen diidmo baahsan oo ku saabsan raaxada jidhka ee nolosha iyo aakhiro dhexdeeda labadaba.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Christian Lange |title=Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-50637-3 |pages=18–20}}</ref> Sawirro aflaadaad ah oo ka dhan ah Muxammad, oo ka soo bilaabmay sawirraddii hore ee qarnigii 7aad ee Kaniisadda Ortodokska Bari ee Boqortooyada Bizantiinta,<ref>Reeves, Minou, and P. J. Stewart. 2003. ''Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making''. NYU Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8147-7564-6}}. p. 93–96.</ref> waxay ka muuqdaan gabayga qarnigii 14aad ee Divine Comedy oo uu qaray Dante Alighieri. Halkan, Muxammad waxaa lagu muujiyay goobta sideedaad ee jahannamada, iyadoo la joogo Cali. Dante ma eedayno Islaamka guud ahaan laakiin wuxuu eedaynayaa Muxammad kala qaybin, maadaama uu aasaasay diin kale Masiixiyadda ka dib.<ref name="Stone">Stone, G. 2006. ''Dante's Pluralism and the Islamic Philosophy of Religion''. Springer Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4039-8309-1}}. p. 53–54.</ref> Dhaleeceynaha kale waxay diiradda saaraan la-dhaqanka shakhsiyaadka ee gudaha waddamada casriga ah ee Muslinku ku badan yahay, oo ay ku jiraan arrimo ku saabsan xuquuqda aadanaha, goorta ay si dhow u la xiriirto fulinta sharciga Islaamka.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Yohanan|last1=Friedmann|year=2003|title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie/page/n31 18], 35|isbn=978-0-521-02699-4}}</ref> Sidoo kale, isbeddellada dhowaan ee dhaqammada kala duwan ka dib, kartida loo malaynayo inay leeyihiin soo-galootiga Muslinka ah ee Galbeedka si ay u la qabsadaan waa la dhaleeceeyay oo waxaa loo eedeeyay asalka Islaamka kuwo ka mid ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Modood |first=Tariq |url=https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo |title=Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach |date=6 April 2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35515-5 |edition=1st |page=[https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo/page/n43 29] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ugu dambeyntii cilmi-baaris{{what|date=April 2026}} waxay heshay in diindhaqameedka Islaamka oo sarreeya uu la xiriiro xagjirinimada Islaamka oo sarreysa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kamenowski |first1=Maria |last2=Manzoni |first2=Patrik |last3=Haymoz |first3=Sandrine |last4=Isenhardt |first4=Anna |last5=Jacot |first5=Cédric |last6=Baier |first6=Dirk |date=2021-06-17 |title=Religion as an influencing factor of right-wing, left-wing and Islamist extremism. Findings of a Swiss youth study |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=6 |article-number=e0252851 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0252851 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=8211158 |pmid=34138885 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1652851K }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== ===Qoraallo=== {{notelist}} {{reflist|group=note}} ===Qur'aan iyo xadiis=== {{Reflist|group=lower-roman}} ===Xigasho=== {{reflist}} === Ilaha === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Signs in the heavens |volume=2 |publisher=Amana Publications |year=2006 |isbn=1-59008-040-8}} * {{cite book |last=Arnold|first=Thomas |title=The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith.|volume= |publisher= |year=1896 |isbn=}} * {{Cite book |last=Bennett |first=Clinton |title=Interpreting the Qur'an: a guide for the uninitiated |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8264-9944-8 |page=101 |author-link=Clinton Bennett}} * {{cite book |last=Blankinship |first=K. |year=2008 |chapter=The early creed |editor=T. Winter |title=The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology |series=Cambridge Companions to Religion |pages=33–54 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/CCOL9780521780582.003|isbn=978-0-521-78058-2 }} * {{Cite book |last=Brockopp |first=Jonathan E. |title=Islamic Ethics of Life: abortion, war and euthanasia |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-57003-471-8}} *{{Cite book|last=Bulliet|first=Richard| publisher = Houghton Mifflin| isbn = 0-618-42770-8| title = The Earth and Its Peoples | location = Boston| year = 2005| url = | page = | quote = }} * {{Cite book |last=Burge|first=Stephen|year=2015|title=Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi akhbar al-mala'ik |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-50473-0}} * {{cite book |last=Çakmak |first=Cenap |title=Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia |series=4 volumes |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-61069-217-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Campo |first=Juan E. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC}} * {{Cite book |last=Chittick |first=William C |title=Sufism: A Beginner's Guide |year=2008 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-78074-052-2 |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=LI0kjBlXS5UC}} |access-date=17 January 2015}} * {{Cite book |last=Cohen-Mor |first=Dalya |title=A Matter of Fate: The Concept of Fate in the Arab World as Reflected in Modern Arabic Literature |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513398-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Curtis |first=Patricia A. |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetofoodlawsr0000curt |title=A Guide to Food Laws and Regulations |publisher=Blackwell Publishing Professional |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8138-1946-4 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0000espo |title=Islam: The Straight Path |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-511234-4 |edition=3rd |author-link=John Esposito}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford History of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-510799-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john |editor-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford History of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-510799-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john |editor-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/unholywarterrori0000espo |title=Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002a |isbn=978-0-19-516886-0 |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |title=What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002b |isbn=978-0-19-515713-0 |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0001espo |title=Islam: The Straight Path |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-19-518266-8 |edition=Revised 3rd |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Islam: The Straight Path |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-539600-3 |edition=4th |author-mask=1}} * {{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |year=2011 |title=What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam |edition=2nd |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-979413-3 |author-mask=1}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20080204031050/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/book_wenkai.html Lay summary] * {{Cite book |last1=Esposito |first1=John |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsonamerica00yvon |title=Muslims on the Americanization Path? |last2=Haddad |first2=Yvonne Yazbeck |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-513526-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Farah |first=Caesar |title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances |publisher=Barron's Educational Series |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-8120-1853-0 |edition=5th |author-link=Caesar E. 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* {{Cite book |editor-last1=Holt |editor-first1=P.M. |editor-last2=Lambton |editor-first2=Ann K.S. |editor-last3=Lewis |editor-first3=Bernard |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |volume=1A |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-521-21946-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory00holt_798 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last1=Hourani |first1=Albert |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofarabpeo0122hour_06BYS |title=A History of the Arab Peoples |publisher=Belknap Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-674-01017-8 |author-link=Albert Hourani}} * {{cite book |title=The Caliphate of Banu Umayyah the first Phase, Ibn Katheer, Taken from Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah |author=Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr |isbn=978-603-500-080-2 |translator=Yoosuf Al-Hajj Ahmad |place=Riyadh |publisher=Maktaba Dar-us-Salam |year=2012}} * {{Cite book |last=Kobeisy |first=Ahmed Nezar |title=Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the Faith and Helping the People |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-313-32472-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Kramer |first=Martin |title=Shi'Ism, Resistance, and Revolution |publisher=Westview Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-8133-0453-3}} * {{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-521-77933-3 |edition=2nd}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |title=The Jews of Islam |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-7102-0462-2 |author-link=Bernard Lewis}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |title=The Arabs in History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-19-285258-8 |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/middleeastbriefh0000lewi |title=The Middle East |publisher=Scribner |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-684-83280-7 |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islaminhistory00bern |title=Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East |publisher=Open Court Publishing Company |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-8126-9518-2 |edition=2nd |author-mask=1 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/whatwentwrongcl00lewi |title=What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East |publisher=Harper Perennial |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-06-051605-5 |edition=reprint |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/crisisofislam00bern |title=The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror |publisher=Random House, Inc., New York |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8129-6785-2 |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-521-64696-3 |author-link=Wilferd Madelung}} * {{Cite book |last1=Malik |first1=Jamal |title=Sufism in the West |last2=Hinnells |first2=John R. |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-27408-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Momen |first=Moojan |title=An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-300-03531-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyed Hossein |author-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr |year=2003 |title=The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity}} * {{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyed Muhammad |url=https://archive.org/details/ourreligions00shar |title=Our Religions: The Seven World Religions Introduced by Preeminent Scholars from Each Tradition (Chapter 7) |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-06-067700-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Nigosian |first=Solomon Alexander |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-253-21627-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Peacock|first=A.C.S.|title=Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia|date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume= |page=|doi= 10.1017/9781108582124|isbn=978-1-108-58212-4|s2cid=211657444}} * {{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |url=https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-691-11553-5}} * {{Cite report |date=October 2009 |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf |access-date=25 May 2020 |ref={{sfnref|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009}} }} [https://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ Overview]. * {{Cite book |last=Rippin |first=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimstheirreli0000ripp |title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-415-21781-1 |edition=2nd |author-link=Andrew Rippin}} * {{cite book |last=Roychoudhury |first=Makhanlal |year=1941 |title=The Din-i Ilahi, or, The Religion of Akbar |publisher=University of Calcutta |oclc=3312929 |url=https://archive.org/details/diniilahiorthere031361mbp |via=Internet Archive}} * {{cite journal |last=Serjeant |first=R.B. |date=1978 |title=Sunnah Jami'ah, pacts with the Yathrib Jews, and the Tahrim of Yathrib |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=41 |pages=1–42 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00057761 |s2cid=161485671 }} * {{Cite book |last=Sachedina |first=Abdulaziz |title=The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-511915-2 |author-link=Abdulaziz Sachedina}} * {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Jane I. |author-link=Jane Idleman Smith |title=The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-515649-2}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Stefon |editor-first=Matt |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last1=Ṭabāṭabāʼī |first1=Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn |title=Shi'ite Islam |translator-last=Nasr |translator-first=Seyyed Hossein |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-272-9 |author-link=Allameh Tabatabaei}} * {{Cite book |last=Teece |first=Geoff |url=https://archive.org/details/islam0000teec_a5d6 |title=Religion in Focus: Islam |publisher=Franklin Watts Ltd |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-7496-4796-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Trimingham |first=John Spencer |title=The Sufi Orders in Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-512058-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Colin |title=Islam: the Basics |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-34106-6 |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Bryan S. |title=Weber and Islam |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-17458-9 |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Waines |first=David |title=An Introduction to Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-53906-7}} * {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |title=The Formative Period of Islamic Thought |publisher=University Press Edinburgh |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-85224-245-2 |author-link=William Montgomery Watt}} * {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadprophets00watt |title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-19-881078-0 |edition=New |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Weiss |first=Bernard G. |title=Studies in Islamic Legal Theory |publisher=Brill Academic publishers |year=2002 |isbn=978-90-04-12066-2 |location=Boston |author-link=Bernard G. Weiss}} {{Refend}} === Qaamuusyo iyo encyclopedias === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{harvc |last1=Gardet|first1=L.|last2=Jomier|first2=J.|year=2012|c=Islām |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0387}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Fahlbusch et al|2001}} |editor-last=Fahlbusch |editor-first=Erwin |display-editors=etal |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC}} |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=2001 |isbn=978-90-04-11695-5 |volume=2}} * {{cite encyclopedia |year=1913–1936 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor1-last=Houtsma |editor1-first=M.T. |editor1-link=Martijn Theodoor Houtsma |editor2-first=T.W. |editor2-last=Arnold |editor2-link=Thomas Walker Arnold |editor3-first=R. |editor3-last=Basset |editor4-first=R. |editor4-last=Hartmann |edition=1st |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-08265-6 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (1st ed.)|1913–1936}}}} * {{cite encyclopedia |year=2012 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |edition=2nd |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012}}}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|n.d.}} |date=n.d. |url=https://brill.com/view/package/eio?language=en |url-access=subscription}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World |series=Macmillan Reference Books |publisher=Thomson-Gale |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofis0001unse |editor-last=Martin |editor-first=Richard C. |isbn=978-0-02-865603-8}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |date=n.d. |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |editor-link=Jane Dammen McAuliffe}} * {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=2 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2002}} * {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=3 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2003}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Salamone |editor-first=Frank |edition=1st |isbn=978-0-415-94180-8 |series=Routledge Encyclopedias of Religion and Society |volume=6 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre00sala |jstor=j.ctt1jd94wq |year=2004}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas |editor-last=Glassé |editor-first=Cyril |series=Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam |isbn=978-0-7591-0190-6 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada |url-access=registration}} {{doi|10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001}} – via Oxford Reference. * {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |year=2004 |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-975726-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |title=The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=isDgI0-0Ip4C|page=}} |editor-last=Leaman |editor-first=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-32639-1}} {{Refend}} == Akhrin dheeraad ah == {{Refbegin}} * Abdul-Haqq, Abdiyah Akbar (1980). ''Sharing Your Faith with a Muslim''. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers. ''N.B''. Presents the genuine doctrines and concepts of Islam and of the Holy Qur'an, and this religion's affinities with Christianity and its Sacred Scriptures, in order to "dialogue" on the basis of what both faiths really teach. {{ISBN|0-87123-553-6}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2008 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |publisher=SAGE; Cato Institute |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |last=Ahmad |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Islam |author-link=Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-first=Ronald |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |pages=256–258 |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n155 |isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4 |lccn=2008009151 |oclc=750831024 |url={{Google books|yxNgXs3TkJYC|plainurl=yes}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Akyol |first=Mustafa |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwithoutextr0000akyo |title=Islam Without Extremes |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-393-07086-6 |edition=1st |author-link=Mustafa Akyol}} * {{Cite book |last=Arberry |first=A.J. |url=https://archive.org/details/koraninterpreted00ajar |title=The Koran Interpreted: A Translation |publisher=Touchstone |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-684-82507-6 |edition=1st |author-link=A. J. Arberry}} * Cragg, Kenneth (1975). ''The House of Islam'', in ''The Religious Life of Man Series''. Second ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company 1975. xiii, 145 p. {{ISBN|0-8221-0139-4}}. * {{Cite book |last=Hafez |first=Sherine |title=An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements |year=2011 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=9780814773055 |url=https://opensquare.nyupress.org/books/9780814790724/}} * {{Cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Muhammad Muhsin |title=Noble Quran |last2=Al-Hilali Khan |last3=Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=1999 |isbn=978-9960-740-79-9 |edition=1st |author-link=Muhammad Muhsin Khan}} * Khanbaghi, A, (2006). ''The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran''. I. B. Tauris. * Khavari, Farid A. (1990). ''Oil and Islam: the Ticking Bomb''. First ed. Malibu, Calif.: Roundtable Publications. viii, 277 p., ill. with maps and charts. {{ISBN|0-915677-55-5}}. * {{Cite book |title=The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-965-224-040-8 |editor-last=Kramer |editor-first=Martin |editor-link=Martin Kramer}} * {{Cite book |last=Kuban |first=Dogan |title=Muslim Religious Architecture |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=1974 |isbn=978-90-04-03813-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwest00lewi_0 |title=Islam and the West |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-19-509061-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesinconfli0000lewi |title=Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-510283-3 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Mubarkpuri |first=Saifur-Rahman |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Prophet |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-59144-071-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Najeebabadi |first=Akbar Shah |title=History of Islam |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-59144-034-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Sayilgan |first=Salih |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/god-evil-and-suffering-in-islam/C4C89591ADAAF25F104D517C4F4634B3 |title=God, Evil, and Suffering in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9781009377294}} * {{Cite book |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |url=https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |title=Deciphering the Signs of God: A Phenomenological Approach to Islam |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7914-1982-3 |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422154518/https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book |last=Schuon |first=Frithjof |title=Understanding Islam |publisher=Allen & Unwin |year=1963 |isbn=978-0941532242 |edition=3rd |author-link=Frithjof Schuon}} * {{Cite book |last=Stoddard |first=Lothrop |title=The New World of Islam |publisher=Chapman & Hall |year=1922 |url=https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/24107}} * {{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Benjamin |title=Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith |publisher=Peter Owen Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7206-1038-3 |author-link=Benjamin Walker (author)}} {{Refend}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam "Islam"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/index.shtml Religion & Ethics – Islam] Maqaallo hordhac u ah Islaamka oo ka socda BBC 6tivcczqpxf4eyfexc01c6e6woao6jm 0 2999 308205 296533 2026-09-16T12:08:19Z ~2026-49911-83 47406 308205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wargelin|Qoraalka bogan waa mid uqoran si qaab daran. Fadlan naga caawi turjumaada.}} [[File:Mahathir Mohamad in August 2018.jpg|thumb|Mahathir Bin Maxamed]] [[File:Mahathir_Mohamad_addressing_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_(September_25_2003).jpg|thumb|Mahathir Bin Maxamed]] * {{Flag|Malaysia}} ; Waa mid ka mid ah dadka ugu cad cad madaxda dalalka [[islaamka]] ee casrigaan, waana mid ka mid ah dadka ugu magaca dheer ummadda muslimiinta dhexdooda ,waa hormariyaha dhanka dhaqaale Wax barasho, [[Technology]] ee dalka [[Malasiya]], da'diisu iminka waa 82 sano jir. Waa ra'iisul wasaaarihii [[Malaysiya]] intii u dhexeysey [[1981]] ilaa [[2003]]. Dadka ayaa waxay ku tiriyaan inuu yahay ninka da'yartii dalkiisa intii wax baranaysay u kala diray dalalka [[Maraykanka]], [[Ingriiska]] iyo dalal kale ee caalamka si ay uga soo shidaal qaadaan dhanka wax barshada isla markana ay dalka ku soo celiyaan waxii ay soo barteen sidaa ayay ku gaareen hormarka ay maanta ku taamayaan reer Malaysia. Dadka muslimiinta qaar badan oo ka mid ah ayaa waxay ku fakaraan in ay helaan madax wayne ama raisul wasaare isaga la mid ah maadaama uu dalkiisa ka gaaray guulo waa wayn,waa ninka aan saaxiib quwadeed (Military) la lehayn Dawladdaha reer galbeedka ee inta badan iminka caalamka islaamka madaxda ka talisa ay xiriirka la lee yihiin,wax uu yiraahdaa '' haddii aan ka dalbano taageero ciidan ama mid dhaqaale iyaga ayaad hoos imaan oo waxa ay ku amraan ayaad samayn ma doonayo sidaa waxaan rabaa shacabka dalkayga waxa ay raali igaga yihiin'' Wax uu aamin san yahay in dhibka dunida Islaamka iminka ka taagan ay masuul ka yihiin Bush iyo Blair iyo inta raacsan waxaana uu ku baaqay marar badan in maxkamad caalami ah la soo hor taago ragaasi waa sida uu sheegay. == Waa kuma Tun Dr Mahathir Bin Mohamed == '''Tun Dr Mahathir Bin Maxamed''' waxaa uu dhashay 10 July [[1925]] waxaana uu ku dhashay Alor Setar oo ah magaalo madaxda gobolka Kedah oo dhacda dhinaca waqooyiga dalka Malaysia,waxaa uu dhameeyay waxbarashada Dugsiga sare sanadkii 1947 waxana uu sidoo kale wax ka soo bartay machadka Edward VII College ee dhanka daawada oo ku yaala Singapore,markii uu soo dhameeyay wax barashadiisa,ayaa waxaa uu ku soo biiray Dawladda shaqaalaheeda dhanka caafimadaadka,waxaana uu shaqadaasi joojiyay sanadkii 1957. Dr. Mahathir sanadkii 1944 ayaa waxaa uu xubin ka noqday Ururka Midowga malasiya ee wadaniga ah, (United Malays National Organisation) (UMNO) sanadkii 1964 ayaa waxaa uu ka mid noqday baarlaamka Dawladda Malashiya, Markii la arkay in Dr. Mahathir uu yahay nin aad u daneeyo wax barashada ayaa sanadkii 1968 laga dhigay gudoomiyaha sare ee gudiga waxbarashada,sanadkii 1972 ayaa waxaa uu xubin ka noqday jaamacda Maxkamada iyo waliba jaamacada Malaysia,sanadkii 1974 ayaa waxaa uu noqday gudoomiyaha jaamacada gudigeeda. Sanadkii 1976 ayaa waxaa loo magacaabay inuu noqdo Ra'isul wasaare ku xigaynka dalka isla markaa ah wasiirka wax barashada. 16 July sanadkii 1981 ,ayaa waxaa uu noqday Dr. Mahathir Bin Muxammed Raisuul wasaarihii afaraad ee dalka Malaysia, Sanadihii 1997/1998 ayaa waxaa uu sameeyay Dr Mahathir Badhiga caalamiga ah ee gargaarka dalka Malasiya kaas oo tusaale fiican u noqday horukaca dhaqaale ee dalka Malaysia. Oct 31, 2003, ayaa waxaa talada dalka Malaysia ka dagay Raiisul wasaarahii dalkaasi Dr Mahathir isagoo noqday ninkii 4 aad oo dalkaasi jagadaa ka soo qabta laakiisne gaarsiiyay hor mar ay dadkiisu ku naaloonayaan ilaa iyo maantadaan oo ay Daxay gacmeedka gaareen,waxaana uu dalkiisa ka dhigay dalka 17-aad ee dhaqaalaha caalamka ugu wayn . == Sidee buu ku gaaray dalka Malaysia hormarka dhaqaale ee uu maanta ku tiigsanayo ? == Su'aashaasi iyo kuwa kaleba waxaa waraysi dheere ay la yeelatay Tv-ga A.jazeera sanadii 2006-da kaga jawaabayo . Su'aal:- Sida aad og tahay dunida carabta waxaa haysta mushkilad,idinka waxaad lee dihiin khibrad iyo tijaabo ku saabsan dhanka dhaqaalaha iyo Siyaasadda sidee baa ay ku soorta gal noqotay arintaasi ? Mahathir: '' waxaan u malayn in dhibka na haysta waxaa uu ka dhashay markii aan raaci waynay diinteena oo aan qayb qayb u dagaalay,oo ay dadku diinta qofba sida ay la tahay u fasirtay ,sida qaar waa Suni qaar waa Shiicada,calaawiyiinta,sidaa owgeed ayaan waxaan waynay is cafintii iyadoo islaamku na farayo isa saamix ,ayaan dagaalay oo aan waynay nabadii haddii nabad la waayana waxaa la waayayaa hormarka arinta koowaad waa in aan helnaa degenaansho oo aanan is dagaalin, dhulkeena Malaysia waxaa ka jirta kala duwanaan dhanka diimaha,dhiiga thaqaafada,iyo afka ,sidaa iyada oo ay tahay ayaan waxaan arinta koowaad ka dhignay in la helo daganaasho ku dhisan isa saamixitaan,isla markaana aan wada qayb sano khayraadkeena iyo maamulkeena sidaa ayaa uu ku kobcay dhaqaalaha dalkeena '' Su'aal:-Laakiin waxaa adag jawi ka madax banaan laaluush iyo is daba marin dhanka maamulka iyo dhanka dhaqaaleba waa maxay arinta aad uga takhalusteen arintaasi ? Mahathir:-'' Waxaa muhiim ah la helo maamul fiican si looga hortago is daba marinta laalusha mida ugu muhiim san waa in la hor marariyaa maamulka,malasyia waxaan xadayn ku sameenay adag dhamaan howlaha tusaale ahaan haddii aad doonayso in aad iibsato dhul arimaha kugu waa jibka ah waa in la helo ogalaanshu iyadoo wakhti xadidan loo qoondeeyay dhamaan howsha haddii la ogaado in howshu si deg deg ah ku socoto ama si dhaqso ah lagu sameeyo waxaa la dareemayaa in ay meesha ku jirto laaluush iyo is daba marin waa ay adagtay in qaanuun oo kaliya looga taqaloso laaluusha iyo is daba marinta laakiin wadankeena Malaysia waxaan ka samaynay haayada la dagaalanka musuqa ( ANTI CORRUPTION ANGACY )'' Su'aal:-Qiyaastii dadka reer Malaysia ee tirade yar ee shiinaha ka soo jeeda sanadki 1970 waxay ahaayeen 95% dadka ugu dhaqaalaha badan dalkaasi halka ay dadka Malaya ay ahaayeen kuwa aad u hooseeyo maanta xaaladaasi xagee maraysaa? == Kuala Lumpur, caasimaada Malaysia == Mahathir:-''xaalada dhaqaale ee dalka aad bay u fiican tahay iminka Shiinuhu waxay garawsadeen in la is caawiyo xiligii hore 1% ayaa waxaa dhaqaatiir ahaa dadka ree Malaya inta kale ee dhimana waxay ahyaana waxay ahayen Shiinaha iyo Hindinta,99%,laakiin iminka dadka reer Malaya ee ugu badan way soo siyaaday ilaa 40% dhanka dhakaatiirimada waxaan siinaa furada ugu badna dadka reer Malaya maxaa yeelay waxaan u sheegnay dadka kale ee tirade yar in haddii ay kaligood wax haystaan dhib imaanayo laakin haddii dhamaan wax la wada haysto oo la siman yahay in laga bad baadayo ku dirirka dhaqaale '' Su'aal:-Intee le ay le eg tahay Miisaaniyada aad ku bixisaan dhanka wax barashada? Mahathir:-''Aad bay muhiim u tahay Aad bay muhiim u tahay Dawladdaan waxay ku bixisaa 25% wax barashada miisaaniyadeeda '' Su'aal:-Qiimahaasi waa kan ugu sarayo dunida oo idil soo sidaa maahan ? Mahathir:-haa waa qiyaas aad u sarayso waagii hore maanan lahayn jaamacad balse waxaan u dirnay dhalinyaradeena wax baranayso dunida oo idil meeshii jaamacad leh . Su'aal:-Sidee isugu xirtaan Siyaasadda diinta iyo Dawladda maadama dalku yahay dal diimo badan ka jiraan? Mahathir:-kaniisadu waagii hore yurub waxay ahayd mid ay dowladu soo galiso maamulka laakiin marar ayaa ay iska hor imaan jireen oo dhib ka dhalin jirtay dhanka maamulka sidaa darteed ayay u kala saareen Siyaasadda iyo diinta,sidaa awogeed ayaa qaar ka mid ah muslimiintu waxay kala saareen Siyaasadda iyo diinta,arintaasi maahan mid macquul ah maxaa yeelay islaamku waa mid balaaran waa dastuurka nolosha mana suurtagalayso in la kala saaro diinta iyo wax kale arinta ugu muhiimsan waa tan ku saabsan sidii aan uga faa'iidaysan lahayn diinta islaamka,laakiin maahan in la leex leexiyo tafsiirka diinta islaamka, Musatafe Atatoork waxaa uu malayn jiray in turkey ay tahay dowlad calaami ah oo aan diin shaqo ku lahayn sidaa darteed uu hor mar ka gaaro siyaada sida yurub oo kale waxaana uu u malayn jiray Ataroork in ay tahay diintu caqabada kaliya ee hor marka dalkiisa hor taagan'' waraysigu mid aad u dheer buu ahaa waxaan ka soo qaaadanay oo kaliya intaas. == Sidee haddii aan Soomaali nahay ku gaari karnaa Hor marka uu tiigsaday dalka Malaysia ? == buug la yiraahdo( Nasharah Sharqul awast) Middle East Review 1981) oo sanad kasta dalalka carabta falanqayn ku samayn jiray waagaasi ayaa sanadii 1981 daabacadiisii waxaa uu ku sheegay In soomaaliya ay gaari doonto 2012 horumar aad u baaxad wayn sida ay ku socotay marka loo eego xiligaasi, balse iminka way mooqataa in aysan rajada buugaa uu moojiyay aysan hayn mid wax ka soo naasu cad yihiin maadaama dalka soomaaliya ay cad cad u kala jareen hogaamiyaal kooxeedyo tantiisa gaar ah ka door biday tan umada soomaaliyeed soo idil. Xiligii dahabiga ahaa ee Soomaaliya soo maray waxay ahayd sanadii 1974 markii 25000 oo macalin ay ku dhaqaaqeen dhamaan gobolada dalka soomaaliya si dalka loola dagaalamo wax quris akhris la'aanta Soomaaliya waxaana loogu magac daray (Ololihii Horumarinta reer Miyaga) [ Rural Development. Campaign.] waxaana ka faaiidaystay dad aad u badan iyadoo ay socotay mudu sideed bilood waxaana arintaasi soorta galiyay eebe ha u naxariistee madax waynihii Soomaaliya Marxuum Maxamed Siyaad Barre dowladii Soomaaliya ayaa waxya ku bixisay miisaaniyad dhan 5225 Malyan oo shilin Soomaali ah (Middle East Review 1981) ayaa waxaa uu sheegay in sanadii 1969 markii ay ardayda Soomaaliyeed dhameeyeen waa sida uu qoraye ( 546,51 ) waxaana ay kur u sii keceen 1970 iyoo gaaray (285,003) Balse buuga isagoo qoraalkiisa sii wada ayaa waxaa uu sheegay sanadii la daabacayay ee 1981 in ay dhamaayeen ardayda soomaaliyeed 400,000 Sanadkii 1970 waxaa dugsi sare dalka oo idil ku yaalay sida aan ka soo xiganay buuga 10 dugsi sare oo ay Muqdisho 3 ku taalay halka Hargaysana 2 ku taalay 5ta kalana gobolada dalka ay ku kala yaaleen. balse 1979 ayaa waxaa si deg deg ah kor ugu kacay dugsiyada sare ee soomaaliya waxayna gaareen 37 dugsi sare. waxaa meesha aan joogu na geeyay waa dagaalada iyo dirirtii aan galay waxaana oo dhamaan xaartay aqoontii iyo aqoonyahanadii,Tusaale Malaysia iyada ayaa dadkeeda in ay wax ka soo bartaan dibada ugu diir jirtay laakiin Soomaaliya kii wax yaqaanay ayaa intii uu yaqaanay wadamada reer galbeedka uga bariis raadsaday aqoonyahanada soomaaliyeed iyaga oo kaashanayo EEBE iyo diinta islaamka ku dhaqan keeda ayay ka saari karaan dhibka soomaaliya haysta bedelkii jaahiliin aan waligood qalin iyo buug qaadan ay qaribi lahaayeen dalkeena. Diinta islaamka ayaa waxay na faraysaa in wax la barto iyadoo EEBE wayne quraanka uu ku daray soo rad la yiraado (IQRA) Akhir oo macaneheedu yahay baro,barshada aqoonta diini iyo maadiba umada muslimiinta waa mid ku waajib ah maxaa yeelay qofku inta oo jaahil yahay isaga ayaa cadow isku ah marka laga tago dadka kale dhibka uu ku hayo. Hormarku maahan mid si sahlan lagu gaari karo,tusaale ahaan dalkeena [[Soomaaliya]] waxaa aad ugu muhiim san in marka la doonayo in hormar lagu tiigsado waa in marka hore bulshadeena laga soo wada dhisaa dhanka aqoonta waxaan wada og nahay in dadka Soomaaliyeed qiyaastii inta badan ay yihiin dad wax dhagaysta oo kaliya waxa loo yaqaano (Bowsi ama cilmi dhigeed) anakoo halkaasi ka shidaal qaadaanayo waa in dadka marka hore lagu dhiiri galiyaa wax barashad iyo ahmiyada ay lee dahay '' waxaan u soo taagnaa dad soomaali ah oo Nairobi joogay oo tagay Dalka Maraykanka markii ay halkaasi tageen ayaa ay dadkii kale fahmi waayeen ee Maraykanka ahaa markaas ayay iyagoo talo siinayo dad kale oo ehelkooda ah waxay ku yiraadeen war luuqada iska soo dhisa '' Soomaalidu inta badan dalalka shisheeye waxay u aadaan sidii loo tabcan lahaa lacag oo kaliya balse maahan in taas oo kaliya in laga fakaro [[lacagta]] aad shaqayn 5 sano ama 10 sano hal maalin ayaa la dhici karaa laakiin aqoonta aad baranyso 1 sano ama 4 sano maahan mid laga dhici karo sidaa darteed waa in dadku isku howlaan dibada jooga in ay noqdaan sidii dadkii Reer Malasiya ee dibada inta ay wax ka soo barteen dalkoodii ku anfacay, ==sido kale fiiri== * [[Barisan Nasional]] [[Category:Shaqsiyadaad]] [[Category:Aasiya]] 9k8pk8ge18wwlsm8u16z44rvtzx2klu 0 3711 308342 307764 2026-09-17T08:46:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Niger | native_name = {{native name|ha|Jamhuriyar Nijar}} | common_name = Niger | image_flag = Flag of Niger.svg | flag_alt = Saddex midab oo jiifa (oranji, caddaan, cagaar) oo leh goobo oranji ah bartamaha | flag_size = 100 | image_coat = Coat of arms of Niger.svg | coa_size = 110 | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File: Niger (orthographic projection).svg||Muuji golaha|frameless]]Muuji khariidadda Afrika|default=1}} | map_caption = | image_map2 = | national_motto = ''Fraternité, Travail, Progrès'' ([[French language|Faransiis]])<br>"Walaalnimo, Shaqo, Horumar" | national_anthem = {{native phrase|fr|[[L'Honneur de la Patrie]]|nolink=yes}}<br />"Sharafka Dhulka Hooyo"<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:THE HONOR OF THE FATHERLAND.ogg|Niger National Anthem The Honor of the Fatherland midi]]}}</div><hr/> | official_languages = [[Hausa language|Hawsajis]]<ref name=hausal/> | languages_type = [[National language|Luqadaha qaranka]]<ref name="axl.cefan.ulaval.ca">[http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/niger-loi-2001-037-LNG.htm République du Niger, "Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 décembre 2001 fixant les modalités de promotion et de développement des langues nationales." L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde] {{Wayback|url=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/niger-loi-2001-037-LNG.htm |date=20181019123028 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019123028/http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/niger-loi-2001-037-LNG.htm |date=19 October 2018 }} (accessed 21 September 2016)</ref> | languages = {{flatlist| * [[Arabic|Carabi]] * [[Buduma language|Buduma]] * [[Fula language|Fulfulde]] * [[Gurma language|Gourmanchéma]] * [[Kanuri language|Kanuri]] * [[Songhoyboro Ciine|Songhai]] * [[Tuareg languages|Tamasheq]] * [[Tasawaq language|Tassawaq]] * [[Tebu languages|Tebu]] * [[Zarma language|Zarma]] }} | religion_ref = <ref name="census"/> | religion_year = 2012 | religion = {{plainlist| * 99.3% [[Islam in Niger|Islaam]] * 0.3% [[Christianity in Niger|Masiixiyad]] * 0.2% [[Animism|Anamiyad]] * 0.1% [[irreligion|diin laawayaal]] }} | demonym = Reer Niger<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nigerien|title=Nigerien – definition of Nigerien in English from the Oxford Dictionaries|access-date=1 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301230120/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nigerien|archive-date=1 March 2018}}</ref> | capital = [[Niamey]] | coordinates = {{Coord|13|30|49|N|2|06|32|E|type:city_region:NE}} | largest_city = Niamey | government_type = Jamhuuriyad badh-madaxtooyo oo midaysan oo hoos timaada [[military junta|gole ciidan]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Niger|Madaxweyne]] iyo [[National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland|Guddoomiyaha Golaha Qaranka ee Ilaalinta Dhulka Hooyo]] | leader_name1 = [[Abdourahamane Tchiani]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Niger|Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka Golaha Qaranka ee Ilaalinta Dhulka Hooyo]] | leader_name2 = [[Salifou Modi]] | leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Niger|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name3 = [[Ali Lamine Zeine]] | legislature = [[National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland|Golaha Qaranka ee Ilaalinta Dhulka Hooyo]] | area_rank = 21aad | area_km2 = 1,267,000 | area_sq_mi = 489,678 | percent_water = 0.02 | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 26,342,784<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Niger|access-date=22 June 2023|year=2023}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = 56aad | population_density_km2 = 21 | population_density_sq_mi = 54. | population_density_rank = 204aad | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $61.040 bilyan<ref name="auto4">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 128th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $2,100<ref name="auto4"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 176aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $21.870 bilyan<ref name="auto4"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 123rd | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $751<ref name="auto4"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 181aad | sovereignty_type = [[History of Niger|Madaxbannaanida]] | sovereignty_note = ka qaadatay [[France|Faransiiska]] | established_event1 = Ku dhawaaqistii Jamhuuriyadda | established_date1 = 18 December 1958 | established_event2 = Laga dhawaaqay | established_date2 = 3 August 1960 | established_event3 = [[2023 Nigerien coup d'état|Inqilaabkii 2023]] | established_date3 = 26 July 2023 | established_event4 = Axdiga kumeelgaadhka ah ee 2025 | established_date4 = 26 March 2025<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mamane |first1=Dalatou |title=Niger's junta leader cements his grip on power as he is sworn in as president |url=https://apnews.com/article/niger-president-e7763dca5a85e790eeaca43f39237c04 |access-date=5 April 2025 |work=[[Associated Press]] |date=26 March 2025}}</ref> | Gini_year = 2021 | Gini_change = hoos u dhac<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 32.9<!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ World Bank GINI index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |date=9 February 2015 }}, accessed on 21 January 2016.</ref> | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = kor u kac<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.419 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210204222738/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |url-status= dead |archive-date= 4 February 2021 |title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 188aad | currency = [[West African CFA franc|Faranka CFA ee Galbeedka Afrika]] | currency_code = XOF | time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = midig<ref>[http://www.brianlucas.ca/roadside/ Which side of the road do they drive on?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414073422/http://brianlucas.ca/roadside/ |date=14 April 2012 }} Brian Lucas. August 2005. Retrieved 28 January 2009.</ref> | calling_code = [[+227]] | cctld = [[.ne]] | footnote_a = | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="CIA-2021-Niger">{{cite web|title=Africa: Niger – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/#people-and-society|website=cia.gov|access-date=1 May 2021|date=27 April 2021|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032003/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/#people-and-society|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2006 | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * 53.1% [[Hausa people|Hausa]] * 21.2% [[Zarma people|Zarma]] iyo [[Songhaiborai|Songhay]] * 11.0% [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] * 6.5% [[Fula people|Fulani]] * 5.9% [[Kanuri people|Kanuri]] * 0.8% [[Gurma people|Gurma]] * 0.4% [[Toubou people|Toubou]] * 0.4% [[Diffa Arabs|Carab]] * 0.9% [[Demographics of Niger#Ethnic groups|kuwa kale]] }} }} '''Niger''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|n|iː|ˈ|ʒ|ɛər|,_|ˈ|n|aɪ|dʒ|ər}} {{respell|nee|ZHAIR|,_|NY|jər}},<ref>[http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/07/how_do_you_pronounce_niger.html How Do You Pronounce "Niger"?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314184006/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/07/how_do_you_pronounce_niger.html|date=14 March 2012}} from [[Slate.com]], retrieved 4 March 2012</ref><ref>"Niger." ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Ed.'' 2003. Houghton Mifflin Company 22 February 2013 [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Niger thefreedictionary.com/Niger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512034128/http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Niger |date=12 May 2013 }}</ref> {{IPA|fr|niʒɛʁ|lang}}; {{langx|ha|Nijar}}; {{langx|ar|النيجر}}; {{langx|ff|Niiser}}}} si rasmiga ahna loo yidhaahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Niger''',{{efn|{{langx|ha|Jamhuriyar Nijar}}; {{langx|fr|République du Niger}}}} waa [[landlocked country|dal bad xidhan]] oo ku yaal [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]]. Waa [[unitary state|dawlad midaysan]] oo ay xuduud la leedahay [[Libya]] dhanka [[Libya–Niger border|waqooyi-bari]], [[Chad]] dhanka [[Chad–Niger border|bari]], [[Nigeria]] dhanka [[Niger–Nigeria border|koonfur]], [[Benin]] iyo [[Burkina Faso]] dhanka [[Benin-Niger border|koonfur-galbeed]], [[Mali]] dhanka [[Mali–Niger border|galbeed]], iyo [[Algeria]] dhanka [[Algeria–Niger border|waqooyi-galbeed]]. Waxay ku fadhidaa baaxad dhul oo dhowr ah {{convert|1.27|e6km2|mi2|abbr=unit}}, taas oo ka dhigaysa dalka lixaad ee ugu weyn Afrika, dalka ugu weyn ee bad xidhan Galbeedka Afrika iyo dalka labaad ee ugu weyn ee bad xidhan guud ahaan Afrika marka laga reebo Chad. In ka badan 80% baaxadda dhulkeeda waxay ku taal [[Sahara|Saxaraha]]. Dadkeeda [[Islam in Niger|u badan masiixiyiinta/Muslimiinta]] oo qiyaastii ah {{million|{{UN_Population|Niger}}}}{{UN_Population|ref}} waxay u badan yihiin kuwa ku nool koox-koox dhanka koonfurta iyo galbeedka dalka. Caasimadda, [[Niamey]], waxay ku taal geeska koonfur-galbeed ee Niger iyada oo raacda wabiga magaca la wadaaga ee [[Niger River|Wabiga Niger]]. Ka dib fiditaankii Islaamka ee gobolka, Niger waxay ku taallay hareeraha qaar ka mid ah dawladaha, oo ay ku jiraan [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Boqortooyadii Kanem-Bornu]] iyo [[Mali Empire|Boqortooyadii Mali]] ka hor inta aan qaybo muhiim ah oo dhulkeeda ka mid ah lagu darin dawladaha u dambeeyay sida [[Sultanate of Agadez|Saldanaddii Agadez]] iyo [[Songhai Empire|Boqortooyadii Songhai]]. Waxaa gumeystay Faransiiska intii uu socday [[Scramble for Africa|U-tartankii Afrika]] qayb ka mid ah [[French West Africa|Afrikada Galbeed ee Faransiiska]], waxayna noqotay [[Colony of Niger|gumeysi gooni ah]] sannadkii 1922. Tan iyo markii ay qaadatay madaxbannaanida sannadkii 1960, Niger waxay la kulantay shan inqilaab iyo afar xilli oo [[military dictatorship|maamul ciidan]] ah. Dastuurka toddobaad iyo kan ugu dambeeyay ee Niger waxaa la meelmariyay sannadkii 2010, iyadoo la aasaasay nidaam xisbiyo badan leh, midaysan oo badh-madaxtooyo ah. Ka dib [[2023 Nigerien coup d'état|inqilaabkii u dambeeyay ee 2023]], dalka waxaa xukumayay [[National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland|Golaha Qaranka ee Ilaalinta Dhulka Hooyo]], oo ah gole ciidan. [[Hausa people|Hausa]] waa kooxda qowmiyadeed ee ugu weyn dalka, iyagoo ka dhigan wax ka badan kala badh dadka dalka. [[Hausa language|Hawsajis]] waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee dalka iyo tan ugu hadalka badan; toban luqadood oo maxalli ah ayaa haysta heerka [[national language|luqadda qaranka]]. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixinta Qaramada Midoobay ee Cabirka Saboolnimada Dhinacyada Badan (MPI) ee sannadkii 2023, Niger waa mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu saboolsan adduunka.<ref>{{Cite report|author=United Nations|date=2023-07-11|title=2023 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)|url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/2023-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi|language=en|access-date=13 July 2023|archive-date=13 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713210119/https://hdr.undp.org/content/2023-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi|url-status=live}}</ref> Qaybo ka mid ah dalka oo aan saxare ahayn ayaa la kulma abaaro xilliyeed iyo [[desertification|caro-guur/saxaroobid]]. [[Economy of Niger|Dhaqaaluhu]] wuxuu ku urursan yahay [[subsistence agriculture|beeralayda masruufka ah]], iyada oo ay jirto xoogaa beero dhoofin ah dhanka koonfurta oo aan aad u qallalayn, iyo dhoofinta [[raw material|alaabta ceeriin]], oo ay ku jirto [[uranium ore|macdanta yuuraaniyamka]]. Waxay wajahdaa caqabado xagga horumarka ah sababo la xiriira booskeeda bad xidhan, dhulka saxaraha ah, [[literacy rate|heerka akhris-qorista]] oo hooseeya, [[jihadist insurgency in Niger|kacdoonnada jihaadiga ah]], iyo [[fertility rate|heerka dhalmada]] oo sarreeya sababo la xiriira qorshaynta qoyska oo aan la isticmaalin iyo ka dhalashada [[population growth|koritaanka dadka]] oo degdeg ah.<ref name=EconPop>{{cite news|title=Population Explosion|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21612239-runaway-birth-rates-are-disaster-population-explosion|access-date=3 August 2015|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=16 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729151128/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21612239-runaway-birth-rates-are-disaster-population-explosion|archive-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> == Asalka magaca== Magacu wuxuu ka yimid [[Niger River|Wabiga Niger]] oo dhex mara galbeedka dalka. Asalka magaca wabiga lama hubo. Juqraafi-yaqaan reer Alexandria ah [[Ptolemy]] ayaa qoray sharraxaado ku saabsan [[wadi|tooga]] ''{{Lang|grc|Gir}}'' (ee ku dhow [[Algeria]]-da casriga ah) iyo {{Lang|grc|Ni-Gir}} {{Gloss|Gir-ta Hoose}} ee dhanka koonfurta, laga yaabaaba inuu u jeeday Wabiga Niger.<ref name="jeffreys"/> Qoraalka casriga ah ee ''Niger'' waxaa markii ugu horreysay diwaangeliyay aqoon-yahan [[Berber people|Berber]] ah [[Leo Africanus]] sannadkii 1550,<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Niger|volume=19|page=676|first=Frank Richardson|last=Cana}}</ref> iyadoo laga yaabo inay ka tihiin odhaahda [[Tuareg language|Tuareg-ta]] ee ah {{Lang|tmh|(e)gărăw-n-gărăwăn}} oo macneheedu si toos ah u yahay {{Gloss|wabigii wabiyada}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hunwick |first=John O. |author-link=John Hunwick |title=Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents |publisher=Brill |place=Leiden |orig-date=1999 |year=2003 |isbn=978-90-04-11207-0 |page=275 Fn 22}}</ref> Waxaa jira isku-raac ballaran oo ka dhex jira khubarada luqadda in aanu ka soo jeedin ereyga Laatiinka ah ee {{Lang|la|niger}} {{Gloss|madow}} sidii markii ugu horreysay si khaldan loo aaminsanaa.<ref name="jeffreys">{{cite journal|last1=Jeffreys|first1=Mervyn David Waldegrave|title=Niger: Origins of the Word|journal=Cahiers d'Études africaines|date=1964|volume=4|issue=15|pages=443–451|doi=10.3406/cea.1964.3019|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1964_num_4_15_3019|access-date=11 August 2023|archive-date=11 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811194204/https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1964_num_4_15_3019|url-status=live|issn = 0008-0055}}</ref> Ku dhawaaqista rasmiga ah ee Ingiriisiga waa {{IPAc-en|n|iː|ˈ|ʒ|ɛər}}, halka qaar ka mid ah warbaahinta ku hadasha Ingiriisiga {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|dʒ|ər}} sidoo kale loo isticmaalo. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Wadamada Afrika]] cx8777dkx3biisafsxyjuo5vql4cii7 0 15236 308320 252595 2026-09-17T05:12:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hibo_Nuura.jpg|thumb|Fanaanada [[Hiba Maxamed Hodoon]].]] [[File:Jubba11.jpg|thumb|Fanaanka C.Qaadir Juba.]] '''Heesta Hal Qudha''' waa mid ka mid [[hees]]aha [[qaraami]]ga heerka dhexe ee [[suugaan]]ta [[Soomaali]]yeed midaasi oo si talan-taali ah u wada qaadaan [[fanaan]]iinta kala ah [[Hibo Nuura|Hibo Maxamed Hudoon]] (Hibo Nuura) iyo [[C.Qadir Macalin Jubba]]. Heestu waxay soo baxdey [[sanad]]kii [[1987]]. =Tixda Heesta= Ereyada heesta waxay u qoran yihiin sidan: <div style="min-width: 500px"> <div style="float:left; background-color: #{{IEG/Color/Light gray}}; {{IEG/Box shadow}}; padding: 2em 3em; margin: .5em"> Jubba: Waa Sheeko Hodan ah ee Aan ka jaro hingaadee Hallow Hallow Hibo: Nafbaa ku heeybineeysoo Kuu Hamuun qabtee Hallow Hallow Jubba: Sida heego Rooboo Hilimadeeda haliimiyo Inta uu nugaal helay Haradii biyeeyo Mudo badan ku hooray 2x Dhirtuu ka haqab beeshoo Ubaxii ka hagac yidhi Oo loo wada han weeyn yahay 2x Markaan helo warkaageey Naftu hii kacdaayoo Farxad ku hambalyeeyaa 2x Hood iyo aayaan iyo Calaf ha isku keen simo 2x Hibo: Raggu kala haboonee Halyeeyada wakhtiga kacay Kii ugu horeeyee Naftu ku hiiraneeysoow 2x Sida hanad aan dhalay baan Himiladaada wacan iyo Horumarkaaga jecelahay 2x Oo aan hurgumadiyo Aaan halista kaaga dhoowraa 2x Markaan hello warkaagay Naftu hii kacdaayoo Farxad ku hambeelyaa 2x Halqudheynu nahayoo Kaama hadhi karaayee Hood iyo ayaan iyo Calaf ha isku keen simo 2x <small><div style="text-align:right;"> </small> </div> </div> </div> {{clear}} =Faalo= Heesta Halqudha oo [[cod]] dhagaysi ah waxaad ka heli kartaa [http://masuul.com/hees/a/abdikadir-jubba_hal-qura.html Halkan] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/abdikadir-jubba_hal-qura.html |date=20141125195805 }} =Qoraalo Kale= 5odix9q7b8id4sb56sd7et8gqrwgwp1 0 17298 308238 307936 2026-09-17T02:49:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Shikaago, Illinois | settlement_type = [[Caasimad]] | official_name = Caasimada Chicago | etymology = {{lang-mia|shikaakwa}} ("basasha duurjoogta" ama "toonta duurjoogta")<br />{{lang-pot|Gaa-zhigaagwanzhikaag}} | nickname = [[Dabeyl|Caasimadii Dabeysha]], Chi-Town, "Caasimadii Labaad", Caasimadii Garboweyn<br>(si aad u ogaato waxbadan fiiri [[Shikaago|dhamaan naaneysaha]]) | motto = {{lang-la|Urbs in Horto}} (''Caasimadii Beerta''), Waan yeeli | image_skyline = Chicago montage1.jpg | imagesize = 300px | image_caption = Ka soo biloow kor: [[Jikaago|Farasmagaalka Jikaago]], Shaleemada Magaalada, Dhismaha "L", Xarunta [[Bad]]maaxa, Beerta Millennium, Goob Taariikheed, iyo dhismaha dheer ee Willis Tower. | image_flag = Flag of Chicago, Illinois.svg | image_seal = | image_map = Cook County Illinois incorporated and unincorporated areas Chicago highlighted.svg | mapsize = 260px | map_caption = Meesha ay ku taalo [[Degmo|Cook County]] iyo gobolka [[Illinois]]. | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_map_caption = Meesha ay kaga taalo Maraykanka | pushpin_label = Chicago | latd = 41 | latm = 50 | lats = 13 | latNS = N | longd = 87 | longm = 41 | longs = 05 | longEW = W | coordinates_region = US-IL | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_footnotes= <ref name="gnis"/> | subdivision_type = [[Deegaan]] | subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States of America}}}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Maraykanka|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Illinois]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Tiro|Tirada Countyada]] | subdivision_name2 = Cook County iyo DuPage County | established_title = La degay | established_date = 1780 | established_title2 = {{nowrap|[[Dowlad|Nidaam dowlad-hoose]] (magaalo)}} | established_date2 = Agosto 12, 1833 | established_title3 = [[Dowlad|Nidaam Degmo weyne]] (caasimad) | established_date3 = Maarso 4, 1837 | founder = | named_for = ''shikaakwa'', ''jikaakwa''<br />''(basashi duurjooga iyo toontii duurjooga)'' | government_type = [[Degmo|Golaha Duqa-Magaalada]] | governing_body = [[Shikaago|Dowlada Hoose ee Shikaago]] | leader_title = Duqa-magaalada | leader_name = Rahm Emanuel (xisbiga Dimuqraadiga) | leader_title1 = [[Caasimad|Xoghayaha Caasimada]] | leader_name1 = Susana A. Mendoza ([Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga) | leader_title2 = [[Jikaago|Agaasimaha Caasimada]] | leader_name2 = Kurt Summers Jr. (Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga) | unit_pref = US | area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = 234.0 | area_total_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = 227.2 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = 6.9 | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = 3.0 | area_urban_sq_mi = 2122.8 | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = 10874 | area_metro_km2 = | area_footnotes = | elevation_ft = 594 | elevation_m = | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="gnis">{{Cite GNIS|428803|City of Chicago}}</ref>''(mean)'' | elevation_max_footnotes = <br />''– u dhow gasiirada Blue'' | elevation_min_footnotes = <br />''– ku taal harta Michigan'' | elevation_max_m = | elevation_max_ft = 672 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_ft = 578 | population_total = 2695598 | population_as_of = [[Maraykanka|'''2010''']] | population_est = 2722389 | pop_est_as_of = Luuliyo 1, 2014<ref name="metro">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/newsroom/releases/2015/cb15-89_graphic.jpg |title=Chicago (city), Illinois QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=June 12, 2014 }}</ref> | population_rank = Caasimada [[dad|3aad]] ee ugu dadka badan Maraykanka | population_note = | population_footnotes = <ref name ="FactFinder">{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=June 10, 2014}}</ref> | population_urban = | population_metro = 9522434 ([[3|3aad]]) | population_density_sq_mi = 11864.4 | population_density_km2 = 4447.4 | population_demonym = Chicagoan | timezone = [[Wakhti|Wakhtiga Badhtamaha Maraykanka]] | utc_offset = -6 | timezone_DST = CDT | utc_offset_DST = -5 | postal_code_type = laga hormariyo ZIP Kodhka | postal_code = 606xx, 607xx, 608xx | area_code_type = Area codes | area_code = 312/872 iyo 773/872 | blank_name = [[Maraykanka|FIPS]] code | blank_info = 17|14000 | blank1_name = Muuqaalka [[Juquraafi|GNIS]] | blank1_info = GNIS4-0428803 | website = {{URL|www.cityofchicago.org}} | footnotes = }} '''Chicago''', '''[[Shikaago]]''', '''[[Jikaago]]''' (loogu dhawaaqo {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Chicago-2.ogg|ʃ|ɨ|ˈ|k|ɑː|ɡ|oʊ}} ama {{IPAc-en|ʃ|ɨ|ˈ|k|ɔː|ɡ|oʊ}}) waa [[caasimad]]a sadexaad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Magaalda Jikaago waa deegaanka ugu dadka badan gobolka [[Illinois]] iyo deegaanka "Midwest", taas oo leh shacab dhan [[milyan|2.7 milyan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF|website=factfinder.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division|accessdate=June 16, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=November 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129082905/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dhinaca kale, marka la isku daro magaalada Chicago iyo nawaaxigeeda, taasi oo loo yaqaano "Chicagoland", waa deegaanka sadexaad ee ugu wayn wadanka Maraykanka, waxaana degan dad ka badan 10 milyan. Shikaago waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1837kii, laakiin waxay aad u kortay horaantii [[qarni|qarnigii 19aad]]. Horumarka iyo koritaanka magaalada waxaa aad uga qeyb qaatey [[har|harta Great Lake]] iyo [[webiga Mississipi]]. Shikaago waa fadhiga [[dowlad]]a "Cook County" ee ugu weyn gobolka Illinois..<ref>"In 1946 Chicago acquired land for O'Hare Airport, including a portion of northeast DuPage." Steph McGrath, "DuPage County" ''Encyclopedia of Chicago'' [http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/396.html chicagohistory.org] {{Wayback|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/396.html |date=20150924030737 }}</ref><ref>"In order to consolidate its control over the airport area, Chicago annexed it in March 1956, including the western edge, in DuPage County." Amanda Seligman "O'Hare" ''Encyclopedia of Chicago'' [http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/924.html chicagohistory.org] {{Wayback|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/924.html |date=20190908213944 }}</ref> Maanta magaalada Shikaago waa xarun weyn oo [[ganacsi]], dhaqaale, [[warshad]]o, shirkado, teknoolojiyad, [[Isgaarsiinta|isgaadhsiin]], iyo gaadiid; waxayna leedahay Gegada diyaaradaha O'Hare ee caalamiga ah (" O'Hare International Airport")<ref>{{cite web|last=Keating|first=Ann Durkin|title=Metropolitan Growth|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/821.html|work=Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago|publisher=Chicago Historical Society|accessdate=December 5, 2013|year=2005|archive-date=Bisha Labaad 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222191257/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/821.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> kaasi oo ah gegada diyaarada ugu weyn ee [[aduun|caalamka]] oo dhan. Sidoo kale, caasimada Shikaago waxaa ku yaala wadooyinka (highways) iyo wado-tareenka (railroads) ugu waaweyn wadanka Maraykanka. Sanadkiii 2014ka waxaa loo aqoonsaday magaaladan ineey tahay caasimada [[14]]aad<ref>{{cite web|title=The World According to GaWC 2012|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html|publisher=Globalization and World Cities Research Network|accessdate=May 5, 2014|date=January 13, 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320212149/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ee ugu weyn caalamka, tan [[7]]aad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan, iyo tan sadexaad ee ugu [[lacag]]ta badan wadanka Maraykanka ayada oo heeysata ama maamusha lacag dhan [[dollar|571 bilyan]] dollar.<ref>{{cite web|title=2014 Global Cities Index|url=http://www.atkearney.com/research-studies/global-cities-index/full-report|publisher=A.T. Kearney|accessdate=May 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=GDP by Metropolitan Area, Advance 2012, and Revised 2001–2011|url=http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/2013/pdf/gdp_metro0913.pdf|publisher=U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis|accessdate=December 5, 2013|date=September 17, 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201926/http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/2013/pdf/gdp_metro0913.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Intaas waxaa dheer in magaalada Shikaago tahay mid ka mida goobaha soo jiidasha badan ee wadanka Maraykanka; sanadkii 2014ka oo kali ah waxaa soo siyaartey magaaladan dad ka badan 50.2 milyan oo dad iskugu jira ajanabi iyo kuwa wadanka u dhashay. Sabata keentay dalxiisayaasha badan waxaa ka mid ah dhaqanka iyo bulsho weynta magaalada oo ah mid aad iskugu dhafan oo leh noocyo badan oo matala dhaqanada dunida daafaheeda. Waxyaabaha ugu xiisaha badan waxaa ka mid ah: shaneemooyinka waaweyn, [[hees]]aha Jazzka, Soulka iyo bluega. Waxaa sidoo kale magaadu caan ku tahay [[dadka Madoow]] (African American) ee ku dhaqan magaalada; kuwaasi oo ah tirada ugu badan shacabka Shikaago iyo nawaaxigeeda.<ref name="Liebling's Second City">{{cite web | title= Chicago's Twentieth-Century Cultural Exports | author= Sarah S. Marcus | url= http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/410156.html | work= | publisher= The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago | accessdate= April 19, 2009 | archive-date= Bisha Koobaad 18, 2022 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220118043358/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/410156.html | url-status= dead }}</ref> Caasimada Shikaago waxay leedahay naaneyso badan ooy ka mid tahay "[[dabeyl|Caasimada Dabeysha]]" (sababtoo ah waxay leedahay dabeyl aad u badan oo gu' iyo jiilaal soo taagan), "[[labo|Caasimada Labaad]]" iyo naaneyso kale oo la xidhidha dhaqanka iyo taariikhda deegaanka. =Taariikhda= {{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | image1 = Chicago in 1833 - V.O. Hammon Publishing Co. Chicago (Front).tiff | width1 = 225 | caption1 = [[Sawir]]-gacmeed magaalada Shikaago sanadkii 1833kii; horaantii magaalada | alt1 = | image2 = Illinois-michigan-canal.png | width2 = 225 | caption2 = Maabka gacanka Illinois iyo Michigan ee la dhamasytiray 1848 | alt2 = | image3 = Chicago - State St at Madison Ave, 1897.ogv | width3 = 225 | caption3 = Wadada Madison oo ahaan jirtey meelaha ugu mashquulsan dunida. Fiidiyowgan waa qiyaastii 1897 | alt3 = }} Magaca magaaladan Chicago waxaa laga keenay erayga ''"Shikaakwa"'' ee luuqada dadka u dhashay qaarada ee loo yaqaano Hindida Cas (Red Indians) kaasi oo macnaheedu yahay [[basal|basasha duurjooga]] ama [[toon|toonta duurjooga]] ah. Waxa ereyga markii ugu horeeysay isticmaalay gumeystihii cadaanka ahaa ee deegaankaasi tegay ayaga oo u qaatey magac deegaanka looga yaqaano dhulkaasi.<ref>{{cite web|last=Conzen|first=Michael|title=Global Chicago|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/277.html|work=The Economic Rivalry between St. Louis and Chicago|publisher=Encyclopedia of Chicago|access-date=2015-09-04|archive-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411153853/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/277.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakhtigan gumeystaha reer [[Yurub]] soo gaadheen deeganka oo ku beegnaa horaantii [[qarni|qarnigii 18aad]] ayaa waxa deganaa Shikaago iyo nawaaxigeeda qabiilka Potawatomi, oo ka mid ah hindida cas, kuwaasi oo ahaa [[ugaadhsi|ugaadhsato]] iyo [[qadhaabsi|qadhaabsato]]. Wakhti yar gudaheed waxaa ka dhex qarxay dagaal dadkii dhulka loogu yimid iyo gumeystihii cadaanka ahaa reer Yurub. Dagaalkaasi oo dad badan kaga dhinteen dadka hindida cas ayaa waxaa ku guuleystay gumeystihii cadaa ee horsocotay dowlada Maraykanku.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://users.ox.ac.uk/~sedm1912/chn.html#y1856_m02_d14 |title=Chicago Daily Tribune, Thursday Morning, February 14 |publisher=nike-of-samothrace.net |accessdate=May 4, 2009 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=March 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325060713/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~sedm1912/chn.html#y1856_m02_d14 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadihii 1830kii ayaa heshiisyo khasab ah laga sexeeeyay dadka deegaanka ee u badnaa qabiilka Potawatomi, si loo dejiyo deegaano kale oo ka fog Shikaago. Waxaana sanadkii 1833kii la aasaasay dhismayaashii ugu horeeyay ee magaalada Shikaago halkaas oo la dejiyay dad dhan 200 oo qof. Todoba sano gudahood waxaa magaalada Shikaago iskugu yimid shacab dhan 4,000 taasi oo keentay in magaaladu si xoowli ah ku korto.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chicago: Population|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/31156/31156-h/31156-h.htm#ar148|work=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=Project Gutenberg|accessdate=December 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html}}</ref> ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Gobolada Isku Tegay ee Ameerika]] l0vrkoa824nx37uwbarf2brg3svjsjz 0 17843 308358 253335 2026-09-17T09:23:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308358 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Haku khaldin [[qaraami]] [[File:Little world, Aichi prefecture - Turkish culture exhibition - Oud.jpg|thumb|[[kaban]]ku waa u muhiim heesaha qaaciga]] {{Fanka Soomaalida}} '''Qaaci''' ({{lang-en|''bossa nova''}} <small>^{{[[qaaci#Fiirogaar|fiirogaar]]}}</small>) waa nooc ka mid ah [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]] taasi oo leh dhandhan ka duwan noocyada kale ee [[Suugaan]]ta. Qaacigu waa hees caadi ah oo loo tumayo [[kaban]] ama [[gitaar]], [[durbaan]] iyo [[sacab]] kali ah. Mararka qaar waxaa [[muusig]]a qaaciga lagu daraa [[turunbo]]. Heesaha qaacigu waa kuwo degan, dhandhan fiican leh, oo inta ugu badan si sahlan loo sameeyo. Fanka Soomaalida waxaa in badan ku jira heeso qaaci ah oo la sameeyay wakhtiyo la baashaalayo. =Taariikh= Guud ahaan heesaha aan maanta naqaano ee [[Af Soomaali]]ga lagu qaado waxay soo bilaabmeen 1930meeyihii. Taas macnaheedu ma ahan in dadka Soomaalida heesta aqoonin wixii ka horeeyay 1930kii, laakiin Waxaa wakhtigan bilaabmey heesaha leh [[muusig]]a, [[kaban]]ka, [[durmaan]]ka, [[turunbo|turunbada]] iyo wixii la mid ah. Heesaha la qaadi jiray ka soo biloow 1930meeyihii ilaa laga soo gaadho 1970kii waxaa sida guud loo yaqaanaa [[qaraami]], halka kuwa wakhtiyadii 70aadki ka dambeyay isla markaana kaban loo garaacayo loo yaqaano [[qaaci]]. =Sharaxaad Kooban= Waxa hubaal ah in qofkasta ku khalkhalayo farqiga qaaci iyo qaraami. Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah heesaha kuwaasi oo la qaado ayadoo ([[fanaan]]ku) fadhiyo, loo garaaco sida badan [[kaban]] iyo sacab kali ah, laakiin qaarkood lagu daro [[durmaan]] ama [[narso]] iyo [[turunbo]]. Si taasi ka duwan, qaraamiga Waxaa la garaacaya noocyo badan oo qalabka muusig ah, fanaaniintu way taagan yihiin ciyaarayaan (isruxayaan) ama way fadhiyaan. =Heesaha Qaaciga Caanka= Heesaha hoos ku xusan waa kuwo dhowr jeer oo kala duwan la qaaday. Waxaa laga yaaba inaad aragtey heesta oo leh muusig ama la soo cusboonaysiiyay. Kuwa aan halkan ku soo bandhigay waa nooc qaaci ah. *''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRr1Ac6Sko Maandeeq iyo Daa'uud, heesta Daalo] *''[http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html Axmed Mooge, Waayaha Aduunka] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html |date=20190824005541 }} *''[http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 Heesta Kabuldheh] {{Wayback|url=http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 |date=20160310083341 }} wada qaadan [[Hibo Nuura]] iyo [[Saalax Qaasim Naaji|Saalax Qaasim]] =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Heeso Soomaali]] *[[gitaar]] *[[turunbo]] *[[narso]] *[[durbaan]] *[[biyaano]] *[[gabay]] *[[hees]] *[[laxan]] *[[muusiga]] *[[qaaci]] *[[qaraami]] =Fiirogaar= :''Dabcan luuqada Ingiriisku malahan eryga qaaci, laakiin waxaan isticmaalaya ereyga "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova Bossa nova]" oo u dhigma qaaciga, kaasi oo sharaxaya nooc muusig caan ka ah wadanka [[Baraasiil]] aad ugu qaab dhow qaaciga [[Af Soomaali]]ga. Hadii aad taqaano erey la micno ah qaaci oo Af Ingiriis ah fadlan ku qor boga wadahadalka ee maqaalkan.'' =Linkiyo Banaanka= * [http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm Sawiraan Kabanka Soomaalida iyo Masa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm |date=20071220051440 }} * [http://www.oudcafe.com Oud Cafe] * [http://www.youtube.com/2KbvqBY_BUk shanqadha kabanka] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Category:Bossa nova}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] tg7vn921b6sm3az6z02zjiprxg2zfq7 0 17847 308296 278928 2026-09-17T04:31:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308296 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan fanka Soomaalida. Qoraalo kale fiiri [[fan]], [[suugaan]], [[hees]]. {{Fanka Soomaalida}} [[File:Little world, Aichi prefecture - Turkish culture exhibition - Oud.jpg|thumb|[[kaban]]ku waa u muhiim heesaha qaaciga]] '''Fanka Soomaalida''' ({{lang-en|''Music of Somalia''}}; {{lang-ar|موسيقى صومالية}}) waa nidaamka, [[gabay|abuurida]], qurxinta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha iyo [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ooy joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, fanka Soomaalidu waa nooc ka mid ah [[Suugaan|Suugaanta Soomaalida]]. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan iyo suugaan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. Inkasto sanadahan dambe la casriyeeyay, heesaha fanka Soomaalida inta ugu badan waxaa la isticmaala agab sahal ah, sida [[kaban]]ka, [[gitaar]], [[durbaan]]ka, [[narso|narsada]], [[turunbo|turunbada]], [[sacab]]ka iyo noocyo kale. Sida badan, heesaha fanka Soomaalidu waa kuwo degan, dhandhan fiican leh, oo inta ugu badan si sahlan loo sameeyo. Fanka Soomaalida waxaa diyaariya dad badan oo kala duwan, kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[abwaan]]ka (qofka sameeya sheeko, gabay, hees iwm), [[laxan]]miiste, [[fanaan]], [[jilaa]], [[atoore]], [[muusig]]yahan iyo kuwo kale. =Sharaxaad= Heesaha soomaliga in muusig la saaro waxa bilabay allah ha u naxariiste Cabdilahi qarshe ==Habka Fanka== [[File:Oudplyrsomhd3.png|thumb|left|[[kaban]]yahan Nuruddin Cali Amaan.]] Sida caalamka qiray, dhaqanka Soomaalidu wuxuu qani ku yahay fanka iyo suugaanta. Samayska midhaha fanka ayaa ah mid aad u cajiib badan. Waxaanu fanku inta badan ka turjumaa nolosha iyo Waayaha Bulshada. Dhinaca kale heesaha Af Soomaaligu waa kuwo ka duwan caalamka dhan. Aslakooda waxay heesuhu u dhacaan hab ''jiidjiid'' isku xidhan ah. Dadka [[qurbe|ajaanib]]ka ah marka ugu horeeysa maqla heeso Soomaaliga waxay ku khaldaan kuwa [[Itoobiya]], [[Suudaan]] ama [[Carab]]ta, laakiin Waxaa markaaba lagu garan karaa laxanka iyo habka ay u dhacayso heesta. Heesaha Waxaa sameeya dhowr nooc oo dad ah, kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[abwaan]]ka, [[laxan]]miistaha, [[fanaan]]ka.<ref>Abdullahi, pp.170-171</ref> Inta ugu badan heesaha waxaa loo garaacaa qalab kala duwan, sida [[kaban]]ka, [[durbaan]]ka, [[turunbo|turunbada]]. Laakiin wakhtiyadan dambe waxaa inta badan caan ah [[biyaano]]da.<ref>"Abdullahi"</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaate, deegaanada Koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo meelaha u dhow xeebaha waxaa caan ka ah noocyo kale oo heeso Soomaali ah. Kuwaasi Waxaa ka mida:<ref>Somali Culture and Folklore (1974) pp.63-64</ref><ref>Historical Dictionary of Somalia (2003) p. 166</ref><ref>The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. p.57-58</ref> *Qalabka la tumo: ''[[narso]], mokhoddon iyo masoondhe'' (durbaan aad u wayn), ''reeme, jabbu iyi yoome'' (durbaano yaryar); *Qalabka la afuufo: ''malkad iyi siinbaar'', ''sumaari'', ''fuugwo'' ''buun, muufe iyo gees-goodir''; *Qalab shanqadha: ''shagal'' (qalab biro la isku garaacayo), ''shanbaal'' (alwaax la tumayo), ''shunuuf'', ''tenegyo'', *Noocyo kale: ''shareero'', ''kinaandha'', ''madhuube'', iyo ''seese''. =Taariikh= {{Dhaqan Soomaali}} Guud ahaan heesaha aan maanta naqaano ee [[Af Soomaali]]ga lagu qaado waxay soo bilaabmeen 1930meeyihii. Taas macnaheedu ma ahan in dadka Soomaalida heesta aqoonin wixii ka horeeyay 1930kii, laakiin Waxaa wakhtigan bilaabmey heesaha leh [[muusig]]a, [[kaban]]ka, [[durmaan]]ka, [[turunbo|turunbada]] iyo wixii la mid ah. Heesaha la qaadi jiray ka soo biloow 1930meeyihii ilaa laga soo gaadho 1970kii waxaa sida guud loo yaqaanaa [[qaraami]], halka kuwa wakhtiyadii 70aadki ka dambeyay isla markaana kaban loo garaacayo loo yaqaano [[qaaci]]. =Noocyada= Fanka Soomaalida waxaa ku jira noocyo badan, kuwaasi waxaa ugu caansan: [[qaraami]]ga, [[qaaci]]ga, jaaska, saarka, ruwaayada, majaajilada, filimaanta iyo wixii la halmaala. Waxa hubaal ah in qofkasta ku khalkhalayo farqiga qaaci iyo qaraami. Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah heesaha kuwaasi oo la qaado ayadoo ([[fanaan]]ku) fadhiyo, loo garaaco sida badan [[kaban]] iyo sacab kali ah, laakiin qaarkood lagu daro [[durmaan]] ama [[narso]] iyo [[turunbo]]. Si taasi ka duwan, qaraamiga Waxaa la garaacaya noocyo badan oo qalabka muusig ah, fanaaniintu way taagan yihiin ciyaarayaan (isruxayaan) ama way fadhiyaan. ==Qaaciga== [[File:Little world, Aichi prefecture - Turkish culture exhibition - Oud.jpg|thumb|[[kaban]]ku waa u muhiim heesaha qaaciga]] Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]] taasi oo leh dhandhan ka duwan noocyada kale ee [[Suugaan]]ta. Qaacigu waa hees caadi ah oo loo tumayo [[kaban]] ama [[gitaar]], [[durbaan]] iyo [[sacab]] kali ah. Mararka qaar waxaa [[muusig]]a qaaciga lagu daraa [[turunbo]]. Heesaha qaacigu waa kuwo degan, dhandhan fiican leh, oo inta ugu badan si sahlan loo sameeyo. Fanka Soomaalida waxaa in badan ku jira heeso qaaci ah oo la sameeyay wakhtiyo la baashaalayo. ===Heesaha Qaaciga Caanka=== Heesaha hoos ku xusan waa kuwo dhowr jeer oo kala duwan la qaaday. Waxaa laga yaaba inaad aragtey heesta oo leh muusig ama la soo cusboonaysiiyay. Kuwa aan halkan ku soo bandhigay waa nooc qaaci ah. *''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRr1Ac6Sko Maandeeq iyo Daa'uud, heesta Daalo] *''[http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html Axmed Mooge, Waayaha Aduunka] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html |date=20190824005541 }} *''[http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 Heesta Kabuldheh] {{Wayback|url=http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 |date=20160310083341 }} wada qaadan [[Hibo Nuura]] iyo [[Saalax Qaasim Naaji|Saalax Qaasim]] == Shakhsiyaad Caanka == {{Main|Fanaan Soomaali}} *[[Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec]] =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Heeso Soomaali]] *[[gitaar]] *[[turunbo]] *[[narso]] *[[durbaan]] *[[biyaano]] *[[gabay]] *[[hees]] *[[laxan]] *[[muusiga]] *[[qaaci]] *[[qaraami]] =Muuqaalka= ''Fiirogaar: halkan laguma soo bandhigayo dhamaan fanaaniinta, sawiraantani waa qaar ka mid ah bulshada fanka Soomaalida'' <gallery> File:Hibo Nuura.jpg|[[Hibo Nuura]] File:Cabdi-Tahliil.jpg|[[Tahliil]] File:Xasan.jpg|[[Xasan Aaden Samatar]] File:Falisahd4.png|Falis File:Saadoaliw1.jpg|[[Saado Cali Warsame]] File:Aar maanta.jpg|[[Aar Maanta]] </gallery> =Tixraac= *{{cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohamed Diriye |title=Culture and customs of Somalia |publisher=Greenwood |year=2001 |location= |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2Nu918tYMB8C |doi= |id= |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2}} *[https://books.google.com/books?ei=TotEVbWPMoXLaKnXgNAM&id=x0gkAQAAIAAJ&dq=instruments+Somali+Culture+and+Folklore&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=instruments Ministry of Information and National Guidance, Mogadishu, Somalia (1974). Somali Culture and Folklore] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC&pg=PA166&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+Somalia+traditional+instruments&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=5f5EVaPYNZDiaov6gaAD&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Historical%20Dictionary%20of%20Somalia%20traditional%20instruments&f=falseA#v=onepage&q=tHistorical%20Dictionary%20of%20Somalia.%20traditional%20instruments&f=false Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003) Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4344-7 ] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=ajMsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&dq=instruments+shareero+somali&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=63pEVcvzD8n3asCzgXg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=instruments%20shareero%20somali&f=57 Puchowski, Douglas (2013). The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 1. Routledge, ISBN 9781136095702 ] =Linkiyo Banaanka= * [http://bclub19.com Bclub19] * [http://www.markacadey.net/main/infusions/the_kroax/kroax.php?category=1 Markacadey] {{Wayback|url=http://www.markacadey.net/main/infusions/the_kroax/kroax.php?category=1 |date=20131219133933 }} * [http://somali-music.com Somali Music] * [http://tix-iyo-tiraab.blogspot.nl/2013/07/interview-about-somali-music_30.html Interview About Somali Music] * [http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm Sawiraan Kabanka Soomaalida iyo Masa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm |date=20071220051440 }} * [http://www.oudcafe.com Oud Cafe] * [http://www.youtube.com/2KbvqBY_BUk shanqadha kabanka] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Category:Music of Somalia}} {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] 2514g9okqono2lbiyl1x8huosvbznhs 0 17853 308361 214898 2026-09-17T09:25:35Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308361 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Haku khaldin [[qaaci]]ga [[File:Little world, Aichi prefecture - Turkish culture exhibition - Oud.jpg|thumb|[[kaban]]ku waa u muhiim heesaha qaraamiga]] {{Fanka Soomaalida}} '''Qaraami''' waa nooc ka mid ah [[hees Soomaali|heesaha Soomaalida]] taasi oo leh dhandhan ka duwan noocyada kale ee [[Suugaan]]ta. Qaraamigu waa heesaha [[Af Soomaali]]ga ee la qaaday wixii ka horeeyay [[1985]]kii<ref>"heesaha qaraamiga ah"</ref> kuwaasi oo loo tumayo noocyo badan oo [[qalab muusig]] ah sida [[kaban]], [[gitaar]], [[durbaan]], [[biyaano]] iyo [[turunbo]]. Mararka qaar waxaa [[muusig]]a qaraamiga loo garaacaa tiro Kooban oo qalabka muusig ah. Si ka duwan [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], qaraamiga waxaa laga dulqaadayaa [[masrax]] halkaasi oo [[fanaan]]iintu ku muujiyaan qoobkaciyaar iyo isrux. Fanka Soomaalida waxaa in badan ku jira heeso qaraami ah oo la sameeyay wakhtiyadii [[Fanka Soomaalida|fanka Soomaalidu]] hanoqaaday. =Taariikh= Guud ahaan heesaha aan maanta naqaano ee [[Af Soomaali]]ga lagu qaado waxay soo bilaabmeen 1930meeyihii. Taas macnaheedu ma ahan in dadka Soomaalida heesta aqoonin wixii ka horeeyay 1930kii, laakiin Waxaa wakhtigan bilaabmey heesaha leh [[muusig]]a, [[kaban]]ka, [[durmaan]]ka, [[turunbo|turunbada]] iyo wixii la mid ah. Heesaha la qaadi jiray ka soo biloow 1930meeyihii ilaa laga soo gaadho 1970kii waxaa sida guud loo yaqaanaa [[qaraami]], halka kuwa wakhtiyadii 70aadki ka dambeyay isla markaana kaban loo garaacayo loo yaqaano [[qaaci]]. =Sharaxaad Kooban= Waxa hubaal ah in qofkasta ku khalkhalayo farqiga qaaci iyo qaraami. Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah heesaha kuwaasi oo la qaado ayadoo ([[fanaan]]ku) fadhiyo, loo garaaco sida badan [[kaban]] iyo sacab kali ah, laakiin qaarkood lagu daro [[durmaan]] ama [[narso]] iyo [[turunbo]]. Si taasi ka duwan, qaraamiga Waxaa la garaacaya noocyo badan oo qalabka muusig ah, fanaaniintu way taagan yihiin ciyaarayaan (isruxayaan) ama way fadhiyaan. =Heesaha Qaraamiga Caanka= Heesaha hoos ku xusan waa kuwo dhowr jeer oo kala duwan la qaaday. Waxaa laga yaaba inaad aragtey heesta oo leh muusig ama la soo cusboonaysiiyay. Kuwa aan halkan ku soo bandhigay waa nooc qaraami ah. *''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRr1Ac6Sko Maandeeq iyo Daa'uud, heesta Daalo] *''[http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html Axmed Mooge, Waayaha Aduunka] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html |date=20190824005541 }} *''[http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 Heesta Kabuldheh] {{Wayback|url=http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 |date=20160310083341 }} wada qaadan [[Hibo Nuura]] iyo [[Saalax Qaasim Naaji|Saalax Qaasim]] =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Heeso Soomaali]] *[[gitaar]] *[[turunbo]] *[[narso]] *[[durbaan]] *[[biyaano]] *[[gabay]] *[[hees]] *[[laxan]] *[[muusiga]] *[[qaaci]] *[[qaraami]] =Linkiyo Banaanka= * [http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm Sawiraan Kabanka Soomaalida iyo Masa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm |date=20071220051440 }} * [http://www.oudcafe.com Oud Cafe] * [http://www.youtube.com/2KbvqBY_BUk shanqadha kabanka] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] 5t6rmjx7dl6opa38esxifexncdyarre 0 17859 308390 222375 2026-09-17T10:51:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fanka Soomaalida}} '''Tix''' ({{lang-en|''lyrics''}}) waa ereyada ay ka samaysan tahay [[hees]]i kuwaasi oo la isku raaciyo kooxo. Sida caadiga ah tix waxaa la odhan karaa waa bayd ka tirsan [[gabay]] ama [[geeraar]], kuwaasi oo marka [[laxan]] la saaro laga dhigo [[hees]]. ==Tusaale== [[File:Hibo_Nuura.jpg|thumb|Fanaanada [[Hiba Maxamed Hodoon]].]] [[File:Jubba11.jpg|thumb|Fanaanka C.Qaadir Juba.]] '''Heesta [[Hal Qudha]]''' waa mid ka mid [[hees]]aha [[qaraami]]ga heerka dhexe ee [[suugaan]]ta [[Soomaali]]yeed midaasi oo si talan-taali ah u wada qaadaan [[fanaan]]iinta kala ah [[Hibo Nuura|Hibo Maxamed Hudoon]] (Hibo Nuura) iyo [[C.Qadir Macalin Jubba]]. Heestu waxay soo baxdey [[sanad]]kii [[1987]]. Ereyada heesta waxay u qoran yihiin sidan: <blockquote> Jubba: Waa Sheeko Hodan ah ee Aan ka jaro hingaadee Hallow Hallow Hibo: Nafbaa ku heeybineeysoo Kuu Hamuun qabtee Hallow Hallow Jubba: Sida heego Rooboo Hilimadeeda haliimiyo Inta uu nugaal helay Haradii biyeeyo Mudo badan ku hooray 2x Dhirtuu ka haqab beeshoo Ubaxii ka hagac yidhi Oo loo wada han weeyn yahay 2x Markaan helo warkaageey Naftu hii kacdaayoo Farxad ku hambalyeeyaa 2x Hood iyo aayaan iyo Calaf ha isku keen simo 2x Hibo: Raggu kala haboonee Halyeeyada wakhtiga kacay Kii ugu horeeyee Naftu ku hiiraneeysoow 2x Sida hanad aan dhalay baan Himiladaada wacan iyo Horumarkaaga jecelahay 2x Oo aan hurgumadiyo Aaan halista kaaga dhoowraa 2x Markaan hello warkaagay Naftu hii kacdaayoo Farxad ku hambeelyaa 2x Halqudheynu nahayoo Kaama hadhi karaayee Hood iyo ayaan iyo Calaf ha isku keen simo 2x </blockquote> Heesta Halqudha oo [[cod]] dhagaysi ah waxaad ka heli kartaa [http://masuul.com/hees/a/abdikadir-jubba_hal-qura.html Halkan] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/abdikadir-jubba_hal-qura.html |date=20141125195805 }} ==Qoraalo La Xidhiidha== *[[Heeso Soomaali]] *[[gitaar]] *[[turunbo]] *[[narso]] *[[durbaan]] *[[biyaano]] *[[gabay]] *[[hees]] *[[laxan]] *[[muusig]] *[[qaaci]] *[[qaraami]] ==Linkiyo Banaanka== * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/sabuurradii-gabaygii-sulaymaan-qalbi-qaboojis-baro/ Gabayo Quduus ah oo Qalbi Qaboojis iyo Waxbarid Keena] * [http://tix-iyo-tiraab.blogspot.com/2013/07/interview-about-somali-music_30.html Tix iyo Tiraab] * [http://www.masuul.com tixaha heeso badan] {{Wayback|url=http://www.masuul.com/ |date=20211017102550 }} * [http://www.heesta.com tixaha heeso qaaci, qaraami iyo kuwo cusub] * [http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm Agabka Muusiga] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm |date=20071220051440 }} * [http://www.oudcafe.com Oud Cafe] * [http://www.youtube.com/2KbvqBY_BUk shanqadha kabanka] * [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Maahmaahyadii+3&version=SOM Sabuurradii] * [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ayuub+12&version=SOM Gabaygii Sulayman] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Category:Song Lyrics}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] bv7j851its0dn5vj8vg1oji717drt0f 0 17860 308319 214675 2026-09-17T05:12:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fanka Soomaalida}} '''Halabuur''' ({{lang-en|''composer''}}; {{lang-ar|ملحن}}) waa qof haybad u leh diyaarinta ereyada ay ka samaysan tahay [[hees]]i. Sida caadiga ah qofka halabuurka lehi wuxuu awood iyo aqoon uleeyahay inuu sameeyo [[tix]], dhowr bayd [[gabay]] ama [[geeraar]] ah, kuwaasi oo marka [[laxan]] la saaro laga dhigo [[hees]]. Qofka halabuurka ahi wuxuu samayn karaa [[gabay]], [[geeraar]], [[buraanbur]], majaajilo iyo wixii la mid ah. Sidoo kale, halabuurku waa nooc ka mid ah [[abwaan]]imada. =Tusaale= [[File:Hibo_Nuura.jpg|thumb|Fanaanada [[Hiba Maxamed Hodoon]].]] [[File:Jubba11.jpg|thumb|Fanaanka C.Qaadir Juba.]] Heesta [[Hal Qudha]] waa mid ka mid [[hees]]aha [[qaraami]]ga heerka dhexe ee [[suugaan]]ta [[Soomaali]]yeed midaasi oo si talan-taali ah u wada qaadaan [[fanaan]]iinta kala ah [[Hibo Nuura|Hibo Maxamed Hudoon]] (Hibo Nuura) iyo [[C.Qadir Macalin Jubba]]. Heestu waxay soo baxdey [[sanad]]kii [[1987]]. Ereyada heesta waxay u qoran yihiin sidan: <div style="min-width: 500px"> <div style="float:left; background-color: #{{IEG/Color/Light gray}}; {{IEG/Box shadow}}; padding: 2em 3em; margin: .5em"> Jubba: Waa Sheeko Hodan ah ee Aan ka jaro hingaadee Hallow Hallow Hibo: Nafbaa ku heeybineeysoo Kuu Hamuun qabtee Hallow Hallow Jubba: Sida heego Rooboo Hilimadeeda haliimiyo Inta uu nugaal helay Haradii biyeeyo Mudo badan ku hooray 2x Dhirtuu ka haqab beeshoo Ubaxii ka hagac yidhi Oo loo wada han weeyn yahay 2x Markaan helo warkaageey Naftu hii kacdaayoo Farxad ku hambalyeeyaa 2x Hood iyo aayaan iyo Calaf ha isku keen simo 2x Hibo: Raggu kala haboonee Halyeeyada wakhtiga kacay Kii ugu horeeyee Naftu ku hiiraneeysoow 2x Sida hanad aan dhalay baan Himiladaada wacan iyo Horumarkaaga jecelahay 2x Oo aan hurgumadiyo Aaan halista kaaga dhoowraa 2x Markaan hello warkaagay Naftu hii kacdaayoo Farxad ku hambeelyaa 2x Halqudheynu nahayoo Kaama hadhi karaayee Hood iyo ayaan iyo Calaf ha isku keen simo 2x <small><div style="text-align:right;"> </small> </div> </div> </div> {{clear}} Heesta Halqudha oo [[cod]] dhagaysi ah waxaad ka heli kartaa [http://masuul.com/hees/a/abdikadir-jubba_hal-qura.html Halkan] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/abdikadir-jubba_hal-qura.html |date=20141125195805 }} =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Heeso Soomaali]] *[[gitaar]] *[[turunbo]] *[[narso]] *[[durbaan]] *[[biyaano]] *[[gabay]] *[[hees]] *[[laxan]] *[[muusig]] *[[qaaci]] *[[qaraami]] =Linkiyo Banaanka= * [http://www.masuul.com tixaha heeso badan] {{Wayback|url=http://www.masuul.com/ |date=20211017102550 }} * [http://www.heesta.com tixaha heeso qaaci, qaraami iyo kuwo cusub] * [http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm Agabka Muusiga] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm |date=20071220051440 }} * [http://www.oudcafe.com Oud Cafe] * [http://www.youtube.com/2KbvqBY_BUk shanqadha kabanka] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Category:Composers}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] 775iuq3w66t2iiqif790sj36ja9703e 0 17884 308325 214689 2026-09-17T05:37:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Waaberi <br> وابري | image = | caption = | image_size = | background = Koox, Hobolo | alias = | origin = [[Soomaaliya]] | instrument = [[cod]], [[gitaar]], [[kaban]], [[Turunbo]] | genre = [[Fanka Soomaalida]] | occupation = [[fanaan]], [[ciyaar]]o | years_active = 1960kii ilaa 1990meeyihi | label = | associated_acts = [[Hibo Nuura]], [[Xasan Aadan Samatar]], [[Magool]], [[Maryan Mursal]] | website = }} {{Fanka Soomaalida}} '''Waaberi''' ({{lang-so|''Hobolada Waaberi''}}, {{lang-ar|وابري}}) waxay ahaayeen [[Kooxaha Fanka Soomaalida|koox hobolo]], [[fanaan]]iin, [[heesaa]], [[majaajilo]], [[ruwaayad]]o, iyo [[fan|bandhigyo faneed]] ku caan ahaa oo u dhashay wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]. Hobolada Waaberi waxay wax ku soo bandhigi jireen [[Af Soomaali]], [[Carabi]] iyo [[Ingiriis]], waloow ay Af Soomaaliga u badnaayeen. ==Hordhac== Hobolada Waaberi waxay ahaayeen koox ka tirsan xubnaha [[Fanka Soomaalida]] kuwaasi oo ka koobnaa [[abwaan]]o, [[halabuur]], curiyeyaal, [[qoraa]], [[fanaan]]iin, [[muusik|muusikyahano]], [[majaajilo|majaajileystayaal]] iyo qeybo kale oo badan. Hobolada Waaberi waxay soo baxeen badhtamihii 1970kii, waxay wakhti yar ku noqdeen hormuudka fanka. ==Fanaaniinta Caanka ah== Hobolada Waaberi waxaa ku jiray qaar ka mid ah fanaaniinta ugu caansan gayiga Soomaaladi, kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ahaa: * [[Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec]] * [[Hibo Nuura]] * [[Xasan Aadan Samatar]] * [[Magool|Xaliimo Khaliif Magool]] * [[Maryan Mursal]] * [[Cabdiqaadir Macalin Jubba]] ==Qoraalo La Xidhiidha== *[[Heeso Soomaali]] *[[gitaar]] *[[turunbo]] *[[narso]] *[[durbaan]] *[[biyaano]] *[[gabay]] *[[hees]] *[[laxan]] *[[muusig]] *[[qaaci]] *[[qaraami]] ==Linkiyo Banaanka== * [http://tix-iyo-tiraab.blogspot.com/2013/07/interview-about-somali-music_30.html Tix iyo Tiraab] * [http://www.masuul.com tixaha heeso badan] {{Wayback|url=http://www.masuul.com/ |date=20211017102550 }} * [http://www.heesta.com tixaha heeso qaaci, qaraami iyo kuwo cusub] * [http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm Agabka Muusiga] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm |date=20071220051440 }} * [http://www.oudcafe.com Oud Cafe] * [http://www.youtube.com/2KbvqBY_BUk shanqadha kabanka] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Category:Music of Somalia}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] 5p4f59v4yw05tkq3ss71k4ag8od2jyy 0 18010 308255 307368 2026-09-17T03:31:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308255 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan dhaqanka Soomaalida. Qoraalo kale fiiri [[dhaqan]] iyo [[Dhaqanka Soomaaliya]]. {{Dhaqan Soomaali}} [[File:Little world, Aichi prefecture - Turkish culture exhibition - Oud.jpg|thumb|[[kaban]]ku waa u muhiim heesaha qaaciga]] '''Dhaqanka Soomaalida''' ({{lang-en|''Somali culture''}}; {{lang-ar|الثقافة الصومالية}}) waa hab nololeedka iyo nidaamka [[dhaqan]] ee dadka [[Soomaali]]da ah; taasi oo ka mid tahay [[Af Soomaali|luuqada]], [[Cunto Soomaali|cuntada]], [[suugaan]]ta, [[Fanka Soomaalida|fanka]], farshaxanta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ee joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, dhaqanka Soomaalidu waa haybada iyo sharafta u gaarka ah bulsho weynta [[Soomaali]]da meel kastooy caalamka kaga dhaqan yihiin. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan iyo suugaan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. Dhaqanka Soomaalidu waa mid soo jireen ahaa kaasi oo jiilal badan iska dhaxleen. Sida taariikhyahanadu sheegeen wuxuu asal ahaan ka sameeysmay nolosha maalinle iyo xidhiidhka bulshada Soomaalidu la sameeysay bulshooyinka jaarka ah (deriska) iyo cilaaqaadka ganacsi iyo waxbarasho ee deegaanada fogfog. Sidoo kale dhaqanka Soomaalidu wuxuu in badan ku salaysan yahay diinta [[Islaam]]ka oo dadka Soomaalida intooda u badan aaminsan yihiin. =Sharaxaad= ==Hordhac== [[File:Dabqaad.jpg|thumb|left|Girgire "uunsi" ee dhaqanka Soomaalida.]] Dhaqanka Soomaalidu waa mid soo jireen ahaa mudo aad u dheer, kaasi oo saameyn badan ku leedahay [[bad|dadka baxaarida]] ah ee iskaga gooshi jirtey deegaano badan. Tusaale ahaan, [[Cunto Soomaali]]du waxay salka ku heeysaa meelo badan oo caalamka ah; waxaana ku jira noocyo badan oo laga keenay wadanada jaarka ah sida [[Carab]]ta, [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo meelo kale oo [[Aasiya]] ah. ==Habka Fanka== [[File:Oudplyrsomhd3.png|thumb|left|[[kaban]]yahan Nuruddin Cali Amaan.]] Sida caalamka qiray, dhaqanka Soomaalidu wuxuu qani ku yahay fanka iyo suugaanta. Samayska midhaha fanka ayaa ah mid aad u cajiib badan. Waxaanu fanku inta badan ka turjumaa nolosha iyo Waayaha Bulshada. Dhinaca kale heesaha Af Soomaaligu waa kuwo ka duwan caalamka dhan. Aslakooda waxay heesuhu u dhacaan hab ''jiidjiid'' isku xidhan ah. Dadka [[qurbe|ajaanib]]ka ah marka ugu horeeysa maqla heeso Soomaaliga waxay ku khaldaan kuwa [[Itoobiya]], [[Suudaan]] ama [[Carab]]ta, laakiin Waxaa markaaba lagu garan karaa laxanka iyo habka ay u dhacayso heesta. Heesaha Waxaa sameeya dhowr nooc oo dad ah, kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[abwaan]]ka, [[laxan]]miistaha, [[fanaan]]ka.<ref>Abdullahi, pp.170-171</ref> Inta ugu badan heesaha waxaa loo garaacaa qalab kala duwan, sida [[kaban]]ka, [[durbaan]]ka, [[turunbo|turunbada]]. Laakiin wakhtiyadan dambe waxaa inta badan caan ah [[biyaano]]da.<ref>"Abdullahi"</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaate, deegaanada Koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo meelaha u dhow xeebaha waxaa caan ka ah noocyo kale oo heeso Soomaali ah. Kuwaasi Waxaa ka mida:<ref>Somali Culture and Folklore (1974) pp.63-64</ref><ref>Historical Dictionary of Somalia (2003) p. 166</ref><ref>The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. p.57-58</ref> *Qalabka la tumo: ''[[narso]], mokhoddon iyo masoondhe'' (durbaan aad u wayn), ''reeme, jabbu iyi yoome'' (durbaano yaryar); *Qalabka la afuufo: ''malkad iyi siinbaar'', ''sumaari'', ''fuugwo'' ''buun, muufe iyo gees-goodir''; *Qalab shanqadha: ''shagal'' (qalab biro la isku garaacayo), ''shanbaal'' (alwaax la tumayo), ''shunuuf'', ''tenegyo'', *Noocyo kale: ''shareero'', ''kinaandha'', ''madhuube'', iyo ''seese''. =Taariikh= {{Fanka Soomaalida}} Guud ahaan heesaha aan maanta naqaano ee [[Af Soomaali]]ga lagu qaado waxay soo bilaabmeen 1930meeyihii. Taas macnaheedu ma ahan in dadka Soomaalida heesta aqoonin wixii ka horeeyay 1930kii, laakiin Waxaa wakhtigan bilaabmey heesaha leh [[muusig]]a, [[kaban]]ka, [[durmaan]]ka, [[turunbo|turunbada]] iyo wixii la mid ah. Heesaha la qaadi jiray ka soo biloow 1930meeyihii ilaa laga soo gaadho 1970kii waxaa sida guud loo yaqaanaa [[qaraami]], halka kuwa wakhtiyadii 70aadki ka dambeyay isla markaana kaban loo garaacayo loo yaqaano [[qaaci]]. =Noocyada= Fanka Soomaalida waxaa ku jira noocyo badan, kuwaasi waxaa ugu caansan: [[qaraami]]ga, [[qaaci]]ga, jaaska, saarka, ruwaayada, majaajilada, filimaanta iyo wixii la halmaala. Waxa hubaal ah in qofkasta ku khalkhalayo farqiga qaaci iyo qaraami. Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah heesaha kuwaasi oo la qaado ayadoo ([[fanaan]]ku) fadhiyo, loo garaaco sida badan [[kaban]] iyo sacab kali ah, laakiin qaarkood lagu daro [[durmaan]] ama [[narso]] iyo [[turunbo]]. Si taasi ka duwan, qaraamiga Waxaa la garaacaya noocyo badan oo qalabka muusig ah, fanaaniintu way taagan yihiin ciyaarayaan (isruxayaan) ama way fadhiyaan. ==Qaaciga== [[File:Little world, Aichi prefecture - Turkish culture exhibition - Oud.jpg|thumb|[[kaban]]ku waa u muhiim heesaha qaaciga]] Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]] taasi oo leh dhandhan ka duwan noocyada kale ee [[Suugaan]]ta. Qaacigu waa hees caadi ah oo loo tumayo [[kaban]] ama [[gitaar]], [[durbaan]] iyo [[sacab]] kali ah. Mararka qaar waxaa [[muusig]]a qaaciga lagu daraa [[turunbo]]. Heesaha qaacigu waa kuwo degan, dhandhan fiican leh, oo inta ugu badan si sahlan loo sameeyo. Fanka Soomaalida waxaa in badan ku jira heeso qaaci ah oo la sameeyay wakhtiyo la baashaalayo. ===Heesaha Qaaciga Caanka=== Heesaha hoos ku xusan waa kuwo dhowr jeer oo kala duwan la qaaday. Waxaa laga yaaba inaad aragtey heesta oo leh muusig ama la soo cusboonaysiiyay. Kuwa aan halkan ku soo bandhigay waa nooc qaaci ah. *''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRr1Ac6Sko Maandeeq iyo Daa'uud, heesta Daalo] *''[http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html Axmed Mooge, Waayaha Aduunka] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html |date=20190824005541 }} *''[http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 Heesta Kabuldheh] {{Wayback|url=http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 |date=20160310083341 }} wada qaadan [[Hibo Nuura]] iyo [[Saalax Qaasim Naaji|Saalax Qaasim]] =Muuqaal= Kuwani waa [[sawir]]o muujinaya qaabka iyo nidaamka dhaqanka Soomaalida. <gallery widths="150px" heights="150px"> File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Schild TMnr 2416-234.jpg File:Somali aqal.jpg File:Somali Culture.jpg File:Somali in osmanya.png File:Somali man Myrrh tree.jpg File:Tamburo Piatto - Somalia.jpg File:Bouclier circulaire-Somalie-Musée barrois.jpg File:Museo antropologico, sezione africa, somalia italiana, capanna.JPG File:Guntiino1.JPG File:Dabqaad.jpg File:Brooklyn Museum 2004.76.6 Pedestal Bowl with Handle Karbun.jpg File:Brooklyn Museum 2002.31.14 Spoon.jpg </gallery> {{Main|Fanaan Soomaali}} =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Heeso Soomaali]] *[[gitaar]] *[[turunbo]] *[[narso]] *[[durbaan]] *[[biyaano]] *[[gabay]] *[[hees]] *[[laxan]] *[[muusiga]] *[[qaaci]] *[[qaraami]] =Sawiro= ''Fiirogaar: halkan laguma soo bandhigayo dhamaan fanaaniinta, sawiraantani waa qaar ka mid ah bulshada fanka Soomaalida'' <gallery> File:Hibo Nuura.jpg|[[Hibo Nuura]] File:Cabdi-Tahliil.jpg|[[Tahliil]] File:Xasan.jpg|[[Xasan Aaden Samatar]] File:Falisahd4.png|Falis File:Saadoaliw1.jpg|[[Saado Cali Warsame]] File:Aar maanta.jpg|[[Aar Maanta]] </gallery> =Cadaymo= *{{cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohamed Diriye |title=Culture and customs of Somalia |publisher=Greenwood |year=2001 |location= |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2Nu918tYMB8C |doi= |id= |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2}} *[https://books.google.com/books?ei=TotEVbWPMoXLaKnXgNAM&id=x0gkAQAAIAAJ&dq=instruments+Somali+Culture+and+Folklore&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=instruments Ministry of Information and National Guidance, Mogadishu, Somalia (1974). Somali Culture and Folklore] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC&pg=PA166&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+Somalia+traditional+instruments&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=5f5EVaPYNZDiaov6gaAD&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Historical%20Dictionary%20of%20Somalia%20traditional%20instruments&f=falseA#v=onepage&q=tHistorical%20Dictionary%20of%20Somalia.%20traditional%20instruments&f=false Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003) Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4344-7 ] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=ajMsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&dq=instruments+shareero+somali&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=63pEVcvzD8n3asCzgXg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=instruments%20shareero%20somali&f=57 Puchowski, Douglas (2013). The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 1. Routledge, ISBN 9781136095702 ] =Linkiyo Banaanka= * [http://bclub19.com Bclub19] * [http://www.markacadey.net/main/infusions/the_kroax/kroax.php?category=1 Markacadey] {{Wayback|url=http://www.markacadey.net/main/infusions/the_kroax/kroax.php?category=1 |date=20131219133933 }} * [http://somali-music.com Somali Music] * [http://tix-iyo-tiraab.blogspot.nl/2013/07/interview-about-somali-music_30.html Interview About Somali Music] * [http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm Sawiraan Kabanka Soomaalida iyo Masa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm |date=20071220051440 }} * [http://www.oudcafe.com Oud Cafe] * [http://www.youtube.com/2KbvqBY_BUk shanqadha kabanka] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Category:Culture of Somalia}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] [[Category:Dhaqanka Soomaalida]] trtn54d2f65x9uai0idxftevn45ovk4 0 18012 308297 228426 2026-09-17T04:31:49Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308297 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan farshaxanka Soomaalida. Qoraalo kale fiiri [[farshaxan]]. {{Dhaqan Soomaali}} '''Farshaxanka Soomaalida''' ({{lang-en|''Somali Art''}}; {{lang-ar|فن صومال}}) waa [[farshaxan]]ka [[dhaqan]] ee dadka [[Soomaali]]da ah; taasi ooy ka mid tahay [[Sawir|sawirgacmeedka]], [[Cunto Soomaali|shaxda]], [[suugaan]]ta, [[Fanka Soomaalida|fanka]], farshaxanta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ooy joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, dhaqanka Soomaalidu waa haybada iyo sharafta u gaarka ah bulsho weynta [[Soomaali]]da meel kastooy caalamka kaga dhaqan yihiin. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan iyo suugaan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. Dhaqanka Soomaalidu waa mid soo jireen ahaa kaasi oo jiilal badan iska dhaxleen. Sida taariikhyahanadu sheegeen wuxuu asal ahaan ka sameeysmay nolosha maalinle iyo xidhiidhka bulshada Soomaalidu la sameeysay bulshooyinka jaarka ah (deriska) iyo cilaaqaadka ganacsi iyo waxbarasho ee deegaanada fogfog. Sidoo kale dhaqanka Soomaalidu wuxuu in badan ku salaysan yahay diinta [[Islaam]]ka oo dadka Soomaalida intooda u badan aaminsan yihiin. =Sharaxaad= ==Hordhac== [[File:LaasGeel.jpg|thumb|Dhagax ku xusan [[Farshaxan Soomaali|farshaxankii hore]] oo laga helay [[Laas Geel]].]] Dhulka Soomaalya waxaa uu ahaa mid dadku degan yihiin inka badan 10,000 sano [[C.H|Ciise Hortii]], wakhtigaasi oo dadku intooda u badan ahaayeen duurgaleen dhaqda beeraha iyo xoolaha.<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Robertshaw|title=A History of African Archaeology|url=http://www.google.com/books?id=VuEZAAAAYAAJ|year=1990|publisher=J. Currey|isbn=978-0-435-08041-9|page=105}}</ref> Sidaasi ay tahay waxaa jirtay xadaar tartiib isku soo taraysay; oo waxaa la sheegay in dadkaasi ay lahaayeen xidhiidhyo ganacsi xoolaha iyo dhirta ah; iyo weliba cilaaqaad xog dheer oo ku salaysan maamul iyo horumar.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Early Holocene Mortuary Practices and Hunter-Gatherer Adaptations in Southern Somalia|jstor=124524|pmid=16470993|pages=40–56|author=S. A. Brandt|volume=20|issue=1|journal=World Archaeology|year=1988|doi=10.1080/00438243.1988.9980055}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xadaaradihii ugu horeeyay waxaa ka mid ah [[Farshaxan Soomaali|farshaxanka]], beeraha, xoolo-dhaqashada iyo maamulo yaryar oo ku salaysan beelo ama deegaan. Deegaanka [[Laas Geel]] oo ah meel u dhow magaalada [[Hargeysa]], waqooyigalbeed Soomaaliya waxaa uu ka mid yahay taariikhda qadiimiga ah, waxaana lagu qiyaasay in uu farshaxankaasi jiro ilaa 5,000 sano.<ref name="Bakano">{{cite news|last=Bakano|first=Otto|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jMNd90UAafsRNEDPyelL7Hee1ydw?docId=CNG.82196a5b15ef45a2d4e744675740cd6a.6e1|title=Grotto galleries show early Somali life|agency=AFP|date=April 24, 2011|accessdate=11 May 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=30 Bisha Afraad 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430102432/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jMNd90UAafsRNEDPyelL7Hee1ydw?docId=CNG.82196a5b15ef45a2d4e744675740cd6a.6e1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Dhaqanka== [[File:Dabqaad.jpg|thumb|left|Girgire "uunsi" ee dhaqanka Soomaalida.]] Dhaqanka Soomaalidu waa mid soo jireen ahaa mudo aad u dheer, kaasi oo saameyn badan ku leedahay [[bad|dadka baxaarida]] ah ee iskaga gooshi jirtey deegaano badan. Tusaale ahaan, [[Cunto Soomaali]]du waxay salka ku heeysaa meelo badan oo caalamka ah; waxaana ku jira noocyo badan oo laga keenay wadanada jaarka ah sida [[Carab]]ta, [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo meelo kale oo [[Aasiya]] ah. ==Habka Fanka== [[File:Oudplyrsomhd3.png|thumb|left|[[kaban]]yahan Nuruddin Cali Amaan.]] Sida caalamka qiray, dhaqanka Soomaalidu wuxuu qani ku yahay fanka iyo suugaanta. Samayska midhaha fanka ayaa ah mid aad u cajiib badan. Waxaanu fanku inta badan ka turjumaa nolosha iyo Waayaha Bulshada. Dhinaca kale heesaha Af Soomaaligu waa kuwo ka duwan caalamka dhan. Aslakooda waxay heesuhu u dhacaan hab ''jiidjiid'' isku xidhan ah. Dadka [[qurbe|ajaanib]]ka ah marka ugu horeeysa maqla heeso Soomaaliga waxay ku khaldaan kuwa [[Itoobiya]], [[Suudaan]] ama [[Carab]]ta, laakiin Waxaa markaaba lagu garan karaa laxanka iyo habka ay u dhacayso heesta. Heesaha Waxaa sameeya dhowr nooc oo dad ah, kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[abwaan]]ka, [[laxan]]miistaha, [[fanaan]]ka.<ref>Abdullahi, pp.170-171</ref> Inta ugu badan heesaha waxaa loo garaacaa qalab kala duwan, sida [[kaban]]ka, [[durbaan]]ka, [[turunbo|turunbada]]. Laakiin wakhtiyadan dambe waxaa inta badan caan ah [[biyaano]]da.<ref>"Abdullahi"</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaate, deegaanada Koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo meelaha u dhow xeebaha waxaa caan ka ah noocyo kale oo heeso Soomaali ah. Kuwaasi Waxaa ka mida:<ref>Somali Culture and Folklore (1974) pp.63-64</ref><ref>Historical Dictionary of Somalia (2003) p. 166</ref><ref>The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. p.57-58</ref> *Qalabka la tumo: ''[[narso]], mokhoddon iyo masoondhe'' (durbaan aad u wayn), ''reeme, jabbu iyi yoome'' (durbaano yaryar); *Qalabka la afuufo: ''malkad iyi siinbaar'', ''sumaari'', ''fuugwo'' ''buun, muufe iyo gees-goodir''; *Qalab shanqadha: ''shagal'' (qalab biro la isku garaacayo), ''shanbaal'' (alwaax la tumayo), ''shunuuf'', ''tenegyo'', *Noocyo kale: ''shareero'', ''kinaandha'', ''madhuube'', iyo ''seese''. =Taariikh= {{Fanka Soomaalida}} Guud ahaan heesaha aan maanta naqaano ee [[Af Soomaali]]ga lagu qaado waxay soo bilaabmeen 1930meeyihii. Taas macnaheedu ma ahan in dadka Soomaalida heesta aqoonin wixii ka horeeyay 1930kii, laakiin Waxaa wakhtigan bilaabmey heesaha leh [[muusig]]a, [[kaban]]ka, [[durmaan]]ka, [[turunbo|turunbada]] iyo wixii la mid ah. Heesaha la qaadi jiray ka soo biloow 1930meeyihii ilaa laga soo gaadho 1970kii waxaa sida guud loo yaqaanaa [[qaraami]], halka kuwa wakhtiyadii 70aadki ka dambeyay isla markaana kaban loo garaacayo loo yaqaano [[qaaci]]. =Noocyada= Fanka Soomaalida waxaa ku jira noocyo badan, kuwaasi waxaa ugu caansan: [[qaraami]]ga, [[qaaci]]ga, jaaska, saarka, ruwaayada, majaajilada, filimaanta iyo wixii la halmaala. Waxa hubaal ah in qofkasta ku khalkhalayo farqiga qaaci iyo qaraami. Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah heesaha kuwaasi oo la qaado ayadoo ([[fanaan]]ku) fadhiyo, loo garaaco sida badan [[kaban]] iyo sacab kali ah, laakiin qaarkood lagu daro [[durmaan]] ama [[narso]] iyo [[turunbo]]. Si taasi ka duwan, qaraamiga Waxaa la garaacaya noocyo badan oo qalabka muusig ah, fanaaniintu way taagan yihiin ciyaarayaan (isruxayaan) ama way fadhiyaan. ==Qaaciga== [[File:Little world, Aichi prefecture - Turkish culture exhibition - Oud.jpg|thumb|[[kaban]]ku waa u muhiim heesaha qaaciga]] Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]] taasi oo leh dhandhan ka duwan noocyada kale ee [[Suugaan]]ta. Qaacigu waa hees caadi ah oo loo tumayo [[kaban]] ama [[gitaar]], [[durbaan]] iyo [[sacab]] kali ah. Mararka qaar waxaa [[muusig]]a qaaciga lagu daraa [[turunbo]]. Heesaha qaacigu waa kuwo degan, dhandhan fiican leh, oo inta ugu badan si sahlan loo sameeyo. Fanka Soomaalida waxaa in badan ku jira heeso qaaci ah oo la sameeyay wakhtiyo la baashaalayo. ===Heesaha Qaaciga Caanka=== Heesaha hoos ku xusan waa kuwo dhowr jeer oo kala duwan la qaaday. Waxaa laga yaaba inaad aragtey heesta oo leh muusig ama la soo cusboonaysiiyay. Kuwa aan halkan ku soo bandhigay waa nooc qaaci ah. *''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRr1Ac6Sko Maandeeq iyo Daa'uud, heesta Daalo] *''[http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html Axmed Mooge, Waayaha Aduunka] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html |date=20190824005541 }} *''[http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 Heesta Kabuldheh] {{Wayback|url=http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 |date=20160310083341 }} wada qaadan [[Hibo Nuura]] iyo [[Saalax Qaasim Naaji|Saalax Qaasim]] =Shakhsiyaad Caanka= {{Main|Fanaan Soomaali}} *[[Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec]] =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Heeso Soomaali]] *[[gitaar]] *[[turunbo]] *[[narso]] *[[durbaan]] *[[biyaano]] *[[gabay]] *[[hees]] *[[laxan]] *[[muusiga]] *[[qaaci]] *[[qaraami]] =Muuqaalka= ''Fiirogaar: halkan laguma soo bandhigayo dhamaan fanaaniinta, sawiraantani waa qaar ka mid ah bulshada fanka Soomaalida'' <gallery> File:Hibo Nuura.jpg|[[Hibo Nuura]] File:Cabdi-Tahliil.jpg|[[Tahliil]] File:Xasan.jpg|[[Xasan Aaden Samatar]] File:Falisahd4.png|Falis File:Saadoaliw1.jpg|[[Saado Cali Warsame]] File:Aar maanta.jpg|[[Aar Maanta]] </gallery> =Tixraac= *{{cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohamed Diriye |title=Culture and customs of Somalia |publisher=Greenwood |year=2001 |location= |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2Nu918tYMB8C |doi= |id= |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2}} *[https://books.google.com/books?ei=TotEVbWPMoXLaKnXgNAM&id=x0gkAQAAIAAJ&dq=instruments+Somali+Culture+and+Folklore&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=instruments Ministry of Information and National Guidance, Mogadishu, Somalia (1974). Somali Culture and Folklore] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC&pg=PA166&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+Somalia+traditional+instruments&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=5f5EVaPYNZDiaov6gaAD&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Historical%20Dictionary%20of%20Somalia%20traditional%20instruments&f=falseA#v=onepage&q=tHistorical%20Dictionary%20of%20Somalia.%20traditional%20instruments&f=false Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003) Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4344-7 ] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=ajMsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&dq=instruments+shareero+somali&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=63pEVcvzD8n3asCzgXg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=instruments%20shareero%20somali&f=57 Puchowski, Douglas (2013). The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 1. Routledge, ISBN 9781136095702 ] =Linkiyo Banaanka= * [http://bclub19.com Bclub19] * [http://www.markacadey.net/main/infusions/the_kroax/kroax.php?category=1 Markacadey] {{Wayback|url=http://www.markacadey.net/main/infusions/the_kroax/kroax.php?category=1 |date=20131219133933 }} * [http://somali-music.com Somali Music] * [http://tix-iyo-tiraab.blogspot.nl/2013/07/interview-about-somali-music_30.html Interview About Somali Music] * [http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm Sawiraan Kabanka Soomaalida iyo Masa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm |date=20071220051440 }} * [http://www.oudcafe.com Oud Cafe] * [http://www.youtube.com/2KbvqBY_BUk shanqadha kabanka] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Category:Music of Somalia}} {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] p5u265vuhwezmwzjn94qh7a666za35o 0 19269 308338 214812 2026-09-17T07:43:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fanka Soomaalida}} '''Maanso''' waa nooc ka mid ah [[suugaan]]ta [[Soomaali]]da. Maansada waxaa ka sii farcama noocyada [[Murti|Murtida]] sida [[Gabay|Gabayga]] [[Jiifto|Jiiftada]], [[Buraan-bur|buraaburka]], [[Saar|saarka]], [[Hees|heesaha,]] [[Heello|heellada]], [[Geeraar|geeraarka]] iyo [[Heeso hawleed|heeso hawleedka]] oo dhan. ==Qoraalo La Xidhiidha== *[[Heeso Soomaali]] *[[gitaar]] *[[turunbo]] *[[narso]] *[[durbaan]] *[[biyaano]] *[[gabay]] *[[hees]] *[[laxan]] *[[muusig]] *[[qaaci]] *[[qaraami]] ==Linkiyo Banaanka== * [http://tix-iyo-tiraab.blogspot.com/2013/07/interview-about-somali-music_30.html Tix iyo Tiraab] * [http://www.masuul.com tixaha heeso badan] {{Wayback|url=http://www.masuul.com/ |date=20211017102550 }} * [http://www.heesta.com tixaha heeso qaaci, qaraami iyo kuwo cusub] * [http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm Agabka Muusiga] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm |date=20071220051440 }} * [http://www.oudcafe.com Oud Cafe] * [http://www.youtube.com/2KbvqBY_BUk shanqadha kabanka] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Category:Song Lyrics}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] 929q6umv04hkln5adcv9n2jwx4i8602 0 20412 308323 223772 2026-09-17T05:33:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fanka Soomaalida}} '''Heeso Soomaali''' ({{lang-en|Somali songs}}) waa qeyb ka mid ah [[Fanka Soomaalida|Fanka iyo Suugaanta Soomaalida]] taasi oo leh noocyo badan. Sida caadiga ah heesaha Soomaalidu waxay ka kooban yihiin [[tix|ereyo]] (ereyo heeseed), [[laxan]] iyo [[muusik]] kuwaasi ooy ku luuqeeyaan (cod) [[fanaan]]. Samaynta heesta waxaa ka qeyb qaata tiro badan oo dad ah, kuwaasi oo leh heerar kala duwan. ==Hordhac== Heeso Soomaaligu waa nooc ka mid ah [[suugaan]]ta dadka [[Soomaali]]da ah kuwaasi oo ku baxa luuqada [[Af-Soomaali]]ga. ==Noocyada Heesaha== Fanka Soomaalida waxaa ku jira noocyo badan heeso ah kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: [[qaraami]]ga, [[qaaci]]ga, hees-howleedka, iyo heeso-gaagaabka. Waxa hubaal ah in qofkasta ku khalkhalayo farqiga qaaci iyo qaraami. Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah heesaha kuwaasi oo la qaado ayadoo ([[fanaan]]ku) fadhiyo, loo garaaco sida badan [[kaban]] iyo sacab kali ah, laakiin qaarkood lagu daro [[durmaan]] ama [[narso]] iyo [[turunbo]]. Si taasi ka duwan, qaraamiga Waxaa la garaacaya noocyo badan oo qalabka muusig ah, fanaaniintu way taagan yihiin ciyaarayaan (isruxayaan) ama way fadhiyaan. ===Qaaciga=== [[File:Little world, Aichi prefecture - Turkish culture exhibition - Oud.jpg|thumb|[[kaban]]ku waa u muhiim heesaha qaaciga]] Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]] taasi oo leh dhandhan ka duwan noocyada kale ee [[Suugaan]]ta. Qaacigu waa hees caadi ah oo loo tumayo [[kaban]] ama [[gitaar]], [[durbaan]] iyo [[sacab]] kali ah. Mararka qaar waxaa [[muusig]]a qaaciga lagu daraa [[turunbo]]. Heesaha qaacigu waa kuwo degan, dhandhan fiican leh, oo inta ugu badan si sahlan loo sameeyo. Fanka Soomaalida waxaa in badan ku jira heeso qaaci ah oo la sameeyay wakhtiyo la baashaalayo. ===Heesaha Qaaciga Caanka=== Heesaha hoos ku xusan waa kuwo dhowr jeer oo kala duwan la qaaday. Waxaa laga yaaba inaad aragtey heesta oo leh muusig ama la soo cusboonaysiiyay. Kuwa aan halkan ku soo bandhigay waa nooc qaaci ah. *''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRr1Ac6Sko Maandeeq iyo Daa'uud, heesta Daalo] *''[http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html Axmed Mooge, Waayaha Aduunka] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html |date=20190824005541 }} *''[http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 Heesta Kabuldheh] {{Wayback|url=http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 |date=20160310083341 }} wada qaadan [[Hibo Nuura]] iyo [[Saalax Qaasim Naaji|Saalax Qaasim]] ===Hees-Howleedka=== Hees-howleedku waa heeso ka mid ah Suugaanta Soomaalida taasi oo inta badan isticmaalaan dadka shaqaynaya ama howl-maalimeed ku jira. Heesani waxay caan ka yihiin deegaanada miyaga ah halkaasi oo xoolo-dhaqata iyo beeralaydu qaadaan heeso kala duwan wakhtiga lagu gudo jiro shaqada xoolaha ama beeraha. Tusaale fiican waxaa ah heesta la isticmaalo marka xoolaha la waraabinayo: <blockquote style="color:#999; background:white; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> <tt> <span style="color:black;">'''''Geelu geel fulay gaadhi maaye haka daba-fulo...'''</span>.<br /> </tt> </blockquote> Heestan waxaa la isticmaala marka beeraha lagu qodayo [[dibi]]yada: <blockquote style="color:#999; background:white; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> <tt> <span style="color:black;">'''''Bisinkii nin ku bilaabay<br> '''''Ilaahayna baryaaya<br> '''''Balaayo uma timaado<br> '''''Marka beertu bislaato<br> '''''Waa laguu badhi goyn<br> '''''Taana beerka ku haay...'''</span>.<br /> </tt> </blockquote> Guud ahaan, heesahani ma lahan muusig ama qalab la garaacayo; kaliya waa codka qofka ama kooxda qaadaysa oo kali ah. == Nooca muusiga casriga ah == Waayahaan dambe heeso Soomaaliyeed oo casri ah ayaa ka duwan kuwii hore ee caanka ahaa, heesaha dhaqanka ayaa ah kuwo jaceyl ah halka heesaha casriga ah ay soo bandhigaan noocyo kala duwan.  Muusiga Soomaaliyeed ee maanta waxaa ka mid ah noocyo kala duwan oo ay ugu horreeyaan [[Raab|raabka]], oo dhowr fanaan ay caan ku noqdeen. Muusiga casriga ah ee Soomaaliya waxaa inta badan loogu yeeraa "jiilka cusub" sababtoo ah fannaaniinta da'da yar. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Fanka Soomaalida]] * [[Dhaqan Soomaali]] * [[Gabay]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Suugaanta]] [[Category:Af-Soomaali]] [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Abwaanada]] [[Category:Gabayada]] 2gpqloyypny758i3ucw2abt01auwd0d 0 23276 308326 262499 2026-09-17T05:47:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|image=Hodan_Abdirahman.jpg}}{{Infobox musical artist|Years_active=2002–hada|Genre=[[Fanka Soomaalida]]|Instrument=Cod/Pop/Soul|Occupations=Fannaanad}} '''Hodan Abdirahman''' is a Somali pop singer who resides in [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul, Minnesota]]. Hodan started her singing career as a child artist and is the daughter of iconic singers from the Waaberi group, Amina Abdullahi and Abdirahman Dheere. She recorded successful songs throughout her career. Hodan is considered to be one of the greatest Somali female vocalist of all time. === Heesaha: === * '''''Hanasho'''''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hodan iyo Iskalaaji, heestii Hanasho; masuul.com |url=https://masuul.com/hees/a/abdiaziz-ali-iskalaji_hanasho-ft-hodan.html |access-date=2017-10-03 |archive-date=2020-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027123054/https://masuul.com/hees/a/abdiaziz-ali-iskalaji_hanasho-ft-hodan.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''''Ii Dhiib Gacmaha'''''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hodan Cabdiraxmaan, heesta Ii dhiib gacmaha ; masuul.com |url=https://masuul.com/hees/a/abdiaziz-ali-iskalaji_sidig-ft-hodan.html |access-date=2017-10-03 |archive-date=2020-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020180431/https://masuul.com/hees/a/abdiaziz-ali-iskalaji_sidig-ft-hodan.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Qabiil: Samaroon * '''''Heesta Huteel'''''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hodan, heestii Huteel; masuul.com |url=https://masuul.com/hees/a/awaale-aden_rugta-nolashu-ft-hodan.html |access-date=2017-10-03 |archive-date=2017-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629184254/http://masuul.com/hees/a/awaale-aden_rugta-nolashu-ft-hodan.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''''Rugta Nolosha'''''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hodan Cabdiraxmaan iyo Cawaale Aadan, heestii Rugta Nolosha; masuul.com |url=https://masuul.com/hees/a/awaale-aden_rugta-nolashu-ft-hodan.html |access-date=2017-10-03 |archive-date=2017-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629184254/http://masuul.com/hees/a/awaale-aden_rugta-nolashu-ft-hodan.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''''Heesta Xayo-wanaag'''''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hodan iyo Mursal Muuse, heesta Xayo Wanaag; masuul.com |url=https://masuul.com/hees/m/mursal-muuse_hodan-xayo-wanaag.html |access-date=2017-10-03 |archive-date=2016-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216113947/http://masuul.com/hees/m/mursal-muuse_hodan-xayo-wanaag.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''''Heesta Sidig''''' *'''Jaalle'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hodan Cabdiraxmaan, heesta Sidig; masuul.com |url=https://masuul.com/hees/a/abdiaziz-ali-iskalaji_sidig-ft-hodan.html |access-date=2017-10-03 |archive-date=2020-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020180431/https://masuul.com/hees/a/abdiaziz-ali-iskalaji_sidig-ft-hodan.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * =References:= {{reflist}} [[Category:Fanaaniinta Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dad nool]] [[Category:Fanaaniinta dumrka Soomaaliyeed]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Hodan Abdirahman }} 5q3psph6sy6789wladcg5gwwxyhslq8 0 29875 308256 266285 2026-09-17T03:31:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308256 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan dhaqanka Soomaalida. Qoraalo kale fiiri [[dhaqan]] iyo [[Dhaqanka Soomaaliya]]. {{Dhaqan Soomaali}} [[File:Little world, Aichi prefecture - Turkish culture exhibition - Oud.jpg|thumb|[[kaban]]ku waa u muhiim heesaha qaaciga]] '''Dhaqanka Soomaalida''' ({{lang-en|''Culture of Somalia''}}; {{lang-ar|ثقافة صومالية}}) waa hab nololeedka iyo nidaamka [[dhaqan]] ee dadka [[Soomaali]]da ah; taasi ooy ka mid tahay [[Af Soomaali|luuqada]], [[Cunto Soomaali|cuntada]], [[suugaan]]ta, [[Fanka Soomaalida|fanka]], farshaxanta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ooy joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, dhaqanka Soomaalidu waa haybada iyo sharafta u gaarka ah bulsho weynta [[Soomaali]]da meel kastooy caalamka kaga dhaqan yihiin. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan iyo suugaan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. ==Sharaxaad== Dhaqanka Soomaalidu waa mid soo jireen ahaa kaasi oo jiilal badan iska dhaxleen. Sida taariikhyahanadu sheegeen wuxuu asal ahaan ka sameeysmay nolosha maalinle iyo xidhiidhka bulshada Soomaalidu la sameeysay bulshooyinka jaarka ah (deriska) iyo cilaaqaadka ganacsi iyo waxbarasho ee deegaanada fogfog. Sidoo kale dhaqanka Soomaalidu wuxuu in badan ku salaysan yahay diinta [[Islaam]]ka oo dadka Soomaalida intooda u badan aaminsan yihiin. Walhtiga gumeysiga, waxaa gaashaan u noqday dhaqanka dooxada Nugaal, waa dawladda iyo halganka boqortooyada 16aad [[Diiriye Guure]]. Waxaa boqortooyadaas ka mid ahaa abaanduulkii guud ee u adeecay Diiriye Guure, adeece [[Ismaaciil Mire]]. ==Hordhac== [[File:Dabqaad.jpg|thumb|left|Girgire "uunsi" ee dhaqanka Soomaalida.]] Dhaqanka Soomaalidu waa mid soo jireen ahaa mudo aad u dheer, kaasi oo saameyn badan ku leedahay [[bad|dadka badmareenada]] ah ee iskaga gooshi jirtey deegaano badan. Tusaale ahaan, [[Cunto Soomaali]]du waxay salka ku heeysaa meelo badan oo caalamka ah; waxaana ku jira noocyo badan oo laga keenay wadanada jaarka ah sida [[Carab]]ta, [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo meelo kale oo [[Aasiya]] ah. Waxba kama jiraan waxan meeja lagu soo qoray ==Habka Fanka== [[File:Oudplyrsomhd3.png|thumb|left|[[kaban]]yahan Nuruddin Cali Amaan.]] Sida caalamka qireen , dhaqanka Soomaalidu wuxuu qani ku yahay fanka iyo suugaanta. Samayska midhaha fanka ayaa ah mid aad u cajiib badan. Waxaanu fanku inta badan ka turjumaa nolosha iyo Waayaha Bulshada. Dhinaca kale heesaha Af Soomaaligu waa kuwo ka duwan caalamka dhan. Aslakooda waxay heesuhu u dhacaan hab ''jiidjiid'' isku xidhan ah. Dadka [[qurbe|ajaanib]]ka ah marka ugu horeeysa maqla heeso Soomaaliga waxay ku khaldaan kuwa [[Itoobiya]], [[Suudaan]] ama [[Carab]]ta, laakiin Waxaa markaaba lagu garan karaa laxanka iyo habka ay u dhacayso heesta. Heesaha Waxaa sameeya dhowr nooc oo dad ah, kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[abwaan]]ka, [[laxan]]miistaha, [[fanaan]]ka.<ref>Abdullahi, pp.170-171</ref> Inta ugu badan heesaha waxaa loo garaacaa qalab kala duwan, sida [[kaban]]ka, [[durbaan]]ka, [[turunbo|turunbada]]. Laakiin wakhtiyadan dambe waxaa inta badan caan ah [[biyaano]]da.<ref>"Abdullahi"</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaate, deegaanada Koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo meelaha u dhow xeebaha waxaa caan ka ah noocyo kale oo heeso Soomaali ah. Kuwaasi Waxaa ka mida:<ref>Somali Culture and Folklore (1974) pp.63-64</ref><ref>Historical Dictionary of Somalia (2003) p. 166</ref><ref>The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. p.57-58</ref> *Qalabka la tumo: ''[[narso]], mokhoddon iyo masoondhe'' (durbaan aad u wayn), ''reeme, jabbu iyi yoome'' (durbaano yaryar); *Qalabka la afuufo: ''malkad iyi siinbaar'', ''sumaari'', ''fuugwo'' ''buun, muufe iyo gees-goodir''; *Qalab shanqadha: ''shagal'' (qalab biro la isku garaacayo), ''shanbaal'' (alwaax la tumayo), ''shunuuf'', ''tenegyo'', *Noocyo kale: ''shareero'', ''kinaandha'', ''madhuube'', iyo ''seese''. =Taariikh= {{Fanka Soomaalida}} Guud ahaan heesaha aan maanta naqaano ee [[Af Soomaali]]ga lagu qaado waxay soo bilaabmeen 1930meeyihii. Taas macnaheedu ma ahan in dadka Soomaalida heesta aqoonin wixii ka horeeyay 1930kii, laakiin Waxaa wakhtigan bilaabmey heesaha leh [[muusig]]a, [[kaban]]ka, [[durmaan]]ka, [[turunbo|turunbada]] iyo wixii la mid ah. Heesaha la qaadi jiray ka soo biloow 1930meeyihii ilaa laga soo gaadho 1970kii waxaa sida guud loo yaqaanaa [[qaraami]], halka kuwa wakhtiyadii 70aadki ka dambeyay isla markaana kaban loo garaacayo loo yaqaano [[qaaci]]. =Noocyada= Fanka Soomaalida waxaa ku jira noocyo badan, kuwaasi waxaa ugu caansan: [[qaraami]]ga, [[qaaci]]ga, jaaska, saarka, ruwaayada, majaajilada, filimaanta iyo wixii la halmaala. Waxa hubaal ah in qofkasta ku khalkhalayo farqiga qaaci iyo qaraami. Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah heesaha kuwaasi oo la qaado ayadoo ([[fanaan]]ku) fadhiyo, loo garaaco sida badan [[kaban]] iyo sacab kali ah, laakiin qaarkood lagu daro [[durmaan]] ama [[narso]] iyo [[turunbo]]. Si taasi ka duwan, qaraamiga Waxaa la garaacaya noocyo badan oo qalabka muusig ah, fanaaniintu way taagan yihiin ciyaarayaan (isruxayaan) ama way fadhiyaan. ==Qaaciga== [[File:Little world, Aichi prefecture - Turkish culture exhibition - Oud.jpg|thumb|[[kaban]]ku waa u muhiim heesaha qaaciga]] Qaacigu waa nooc ka mid ah [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]] taasi oo leh dhandhan ka duwan noocyada kale ee [[Suugaan]]ta. Qaacigu waa hees caadi ah oo loo tumayo [[kaban]] ama [[gitaar]], [[durbaan]] iyo [[sacab]] kali ah. Mararka qaar waxaa [[muusig]]a qaaciga lagu daraa [[turunbo]]. Heesaha qaacigu waa kuwo degan, dhandhan fiican leh, oo inta ugu badan si sahlan loo sameeyo. Fanka Soomaalida waxaa in badan ku jira heeso qaaci ah oo la sameeyay wakhtiyo la baashaalayo. ===Heesaha Qaaciga Caanka=== Heesaha hoos ku xusan waa kuwo dhowr jeer oo kala duwan la qaaday. Waxaa laga yaaba inaad aragtey heesta oo leh muusig ama la soo cusboonaysiiyay. Kuwa aan halkan ku soo bandhigay waa nooc qaaci ah. *''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPRr1Ac6Sko Maandeeq iyo Daa'uud, heesta Daalo] *''[http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html Axmed Mooge, Waayaha Aduunka] {{Wayback|url=http://masuul.com/hees/a/ahmed-mooge-liibaan_waayaha-aduun.html |date=20190824005541 }} *''[http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 Heesta Kabuldheh] {{Wayback|url=http://www.heesta.com/mobile/play_hees.php?id=274 |date=20160310083341 }} wada qaadan [[Hibo Nuura]] iyo [[Saalax Qaasim Naaji|Saalax Qaasim]] =Muuqaal= Kuwani waa [[sawir]]o muujinaya qaabka iyo nidaamka dhaqanka Soomaalida. <gallery widths="150px" heights="150px"> File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Schild TMnr 2416-234.jpg File:Somali aqal.jpg File:Somali Culture.jpg File:Somali in osmanya.png File:Somali man Myrrh tree.jpg File:Tamburo Piatto - Somalia.jpg File:Bouclier circulaire-Somalie-Musée barrois.jpg File:Museo antropologico, sezione africa, somalia italiana, capanna.JPG File:Guntiino1.JPG File:Dabqaad.jpg File:Brooklyn Museum 2004.76.6 Pedestal Bowl with Handle Karbun.jpg File:Brooklyn Museum 2002.31.14 Spoon.jpg </gallery> =Shakhsiyaad Caanka= {{Main|Fanaan Soomaali}} *[[Maxamed Saleebaan Tubeec]] =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Heeso Soomaali]] *[[gitaar]] *[[turunbo]] *[[narso]] *[[durbaan]] *[[biyaano]] *[[gabay]] *[[hees]] *[[laxan]] *[[muusiga]] *[[qaaci]] *[[qaraami]] *[[saar]] =Sawiro= ''Fiirogaar: halkan laguma soo bandhigayo dhamaan fanaaniinta, sawiraantani waa qaar ka mid ah bulshada fanka Soomaalida'' <gallery> File:Hibo Nuura.jpg|[[Hibo Nuura]] File:Cabdi-Tahliil.jpg|[[Tahliil]] File:Xasan.jpg|[[Xasan Aaden Samatar]] File:Falisahd4.png|Falis File:Saadoaliw1.jpg|[[Saado Cali Warsame]] File:Aar maanta.jpg|[[Aar Maanta]] </gallery> =Cadaymo= *{{cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohamed Diriye |title=Culture and customs of Somalia |publisher=Greenwood |year=2001 |location= |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2Nu918tYMB8C |doi= |id= |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2}} *[https://books.google.com/books?ei=TotEVbWPMoXLaKnXgNAM&id=x0gkAQAAIAAJ&dq=instruments+Somali+Culture+and+Folklore&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=instruments Ministry of Information and National Guidance, Mogadishu, Somalia (1974). Somali Culture and Folklore] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC&pg=PA166&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+Somalia+traditional+instruments&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=5f5EVaPYNZDiaov6gaAD&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Historical%20Dictionary%20of%20Somalia%20traditional%20instruments&f=falseA#v=onepage&q=tHistorical%20Dictionary%20of%20Somalia.%20traditional%20instruments&f=false Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003) Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4344-7 ] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=ajMsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&dq=instruments+shareero+somali&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=63pEVcvzD8n3asCzgXg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=instruments%20shareero%20somali&f=57 Puchowski, Douglas (2013). The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 1. Routledge, ISBN 9781136095702 ] =Linkiyo Banaanka= * [http://bclub19.com Bclub19] * [http://www.markacadey.net/main/infusions/the_kroax/kroax.php?category=1 Markacadey] {{Wayback|url=http://www.markacadey.net/main/infusions/the_kroax/kroax.php?category=1 |date=20131219133933 }} * [http://somali-music.com Somali Music] * [http://tix-iyo-tiraab.blogspot.nl/2013/07/interview-about-somali-music_30.html Interview About Somali Music] * [http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm Sawiraan Kabanka Soomaalida iyo Masa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nilecart.com/egyptianouds.htm |date=20071220051440 }} * [http://www.oudcafe.com Oud Cafe] * [http://www.youtube.com/2KbvqBY_BUk shanqadha kabanka] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Category:Culture of Somalia}} [[Category:Hees]] [[Category:Fan iyo Suugaan]] [[Category:Hiddo iyo dhaqan]] [[Category: Muusiga]] [[Category:Gabayada]] [[Category: Filimaanta]] [[Category: Qalabka Muusiga]] [[Category:Dhaqanka Soomaalida]] 5prgymiw0nstta6wedqxjeeoqggtrmy 0 32577 308339 304328 2026-09-17T08:09:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Megan Fox|birth_date={{birth date and age|1986|05|16|}}|image=Megan Fox 2011 LG 03 (cropped).jpg|caption=Fox ee 20111|occupation=Atariisho|years active=2001–hada|spouse=Brian Austin Green (g. 2010. f.2020)|children=3}} '''Megan Denise Fox''' (dhashay Maajo 16, 1986) waa atariisho Mareykan ah. Waxay markii ugu horeysay ka soo muuqatay filimka ''Holiday in the Sun'' (2001). Tan waxaa ku xigay doorarro badan oo taageero ah oo ku saabsan filimka iyo telefishanka, iyo sidoo kale door oo ka tirsan ABC ''Hope & Faith'' (2004–2006). Fox ayaa sii waday inay sameyso filimkeedii ugu horeeyay ee filimka muusikada ''[[Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen]]'' (2004). Fox waxay heshay aqoonsi caalami ah doorkeeda Mikaela Banes ee filimka ''Transformers'' (2007).  Waxay dib u soo celisay doorkeedii ku-xigga ee ''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen'' (2009) waxayna muujisay dabeecadda qormooyinka ee majaajillada naxdinta leh ee ''Jennifer's Body'' (2009).  Waxay ku jilaysay bishii April O'Neil filimka ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' (2014) iyo taxantiisii ​​''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows'' (2016). Fox sidoo kale waxay u jileysay sidii Reagan Lucas qeybtii shanaad iyo lixaad ee Fox sitcom ''New Girl'' (2016-2017). Fox waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay tahay astaan ​​jinsi waxayna kasoo muuqatay majalado badan, sida ''[[Maxim]]'', ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', iyo ''[[FHM]]''.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-sep-23-et-fox23-story.html "Megan Fox: Hollywood's outrageous it girl".] Los Angeles Times</ref> == Nolosha == Megan Fox waxay dhalatay Maajo 16, 1986<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/megan-fox-483434|title=Megan Fox Biography: Model, Film Actress, Television Actress (1986–)|publisher=[[Biography.com]] ([[FYI (TV channel)|FYI]] / [[A&E Networks]]|access-date=April 12, 2016|archive-date=September 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930061207/http://www.biography.com/people/megan-fox-483434|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Monitor|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_entertainment-weekly_2013-05-17_1259/page/27|journal=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=May 17, 2013|issue=1259|pages=27}}</ref> gudaha Oak Ridge, Tennessee,<ref name="NYTmagazine">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/15/magazine/15Fox-t.html?_r=0|website=[[The New York Times]]|title=The Self-Manufacture of Megan Fox|last=Hirschberg|first=Lynn|date=November 11, 2009|access-date=November 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107192644/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/15/magazine/15Fox-t.html?_r=1|archive-date=November 7, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="feinberg">Fox in {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cWY5jrhnrc|title=Megan Fox Interviewed by Scott Feinberg|time=00:20|quote=I was born in Oak Ridge, Tennessee...|date=September 10, 2011|access-date=January 14, 2017|via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> waalidiinta Gloria Darlene (Cisson) iyo Franklin Thomas Fox.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HrpVBgAAQBAJ&q=Megan+Fox+Darlene+Franklin&pg=PP4|title=Celebrity Biographies - The Amazing Life Of Megan Fox - Famous Actors|last=Green|first=Matt|publisher=Matt Green|language=en}}</ref> Waxay yaraanteedii ku qaadatay Rockwood oo u dhow.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Uchiyama|first1=David|title=Rockwood, Tennessee|url=https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/glimpse/2015/story/2015/aug/30/rockwood-tennessee/321811/|newspaper=[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]]|access-date=September 2, 2018}}</ref> Aabaha Fox, oo ah sarkaal siidayn sharafeed, iyo hooyadeed waxay kala tageen markii ay Fox jirtay saddex sano.<ref name="NYTmagazine" /> Hooyadeed mar dambe ayey guursatay, iyo Fox iyo walaasheed<ref name="alluremay2010">{{cite news|first=Alexandra|last=Jacobs|title=Bad Girl Good Good|work=[[Allure (magazine)|Allure]]|date=May 2010}}</ref> waxaa soo koriyey hooyadeed iyo aabbeheed, Tony Tonachio.<ref name="elle">{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.elle.com/Entertainment/Cover-Shoots/Megan-Fox2/Megan-Fox-Read-the-ELLE-Interview-with-Megan-Fox-June-2009|title=Megan Fox|magazine=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|date=May 26, 2009|access-date=June 12, 2009|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629164846/http://www.elle.com/Entertainment/Cover-Shoots/Megan-Fox2/Megan-Fox-Read-the-ELLE-Interview-with-Megan-Fox-June-2009|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="sirius">{{Cite web|title=Who does Megan have tattooed on her arm?|url=http://www.sirius.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Sirius/Page&c=BackStageAsset&cid=1181270896791|publisher=[[Sirius]]|access-date=April 26, 2008|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 7, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107034407/http://www.sirius.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Sirius%2FPage&c=BackStageAsset&cid=1181270896791|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="lucieref">{{Cite news|last=Wernlund|first=Sharon|title=Port St. Lucie Teen Shoots for Stardom|work=[[Palm Beach Post]]|date=December 31, 2001|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PBPB&p_theme=pbpb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F0EFE354D1DBF21&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|access-date=April 6, 2010|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711170314/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PBPB&p_theme=pbpb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F0EFE354D1DBF21&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Waxay ku soo barbaartay "aad u adag Pentecostal", laakiin markii dambe waxay dhigatay dugsiga Katooliga muddo 12 sano ah.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cWY5jrhnrc|publisher=YouTube|title=Megan Fox Interviewed by Scott Feinberg|access-date=November 25, 2014|date=September 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906023257/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cWY5jrhnrc|archive-date=September 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.parade.com/celebrity/celebrity-parade/2009/0915-megan-fox-jennifers-body.html|title=Megan Fox: 'My Sense of Humor Doesn't Translate'|magazine=[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]]|date=September 15, 2009|access-date=May 25, 2010|first=Jeanne|last=Wolf}}</ref> Waxay sheegtay inay ahaayeen "kuwo aad u adag" isla markaana aan loo ogoleyn inay yeelato qof jecel<ref name="ELLE2">{{Cite magazine|first=Maggie|last=Bullock|url=http://www.elle.com/Entertainment/Cover-Shoots/Megan-Fox2/Megan-Fox-Read-the-ELLE-Interview-with-Megan-Fox-June-2009|title=Megan Fox|magazine=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|date=May 26, 2009|access-date=July 3, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629164846/http://www.elle.com/Entertainment/Cover-Shoots/Megan-Fox2/Megan-Fox-Read-the-ELLE-Interview-with-Megan-Fox-June-2009|archive-date=June 29, 2009}}</ref> ama ku martiqaad asxaabta gurigeeda.<ref name="alluremay2010" /> Waxay la noolayd hooyadeed illaa ay ka samaysay lacag ku filan oo ay ku masruufto.<ref name="ELLE2" /> Fox waxay bilawday tababaradeeda qoob ka ciyaarka iyo jilitaanka da'da shan jirka, Kingston, Tennessee.<ref name="Morrow">{{cite news|first=Terry|last=Morrow|url=http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2008/may/02/insider-rockwood-starlet-morphs-tomboy-sexiest/|title=Insider: Rockwood starlet morphs from tomboy to 'sexiest'|newspaper=[[Knoxville News Sentinel]]|date=May 2, 2008|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Shanaad 3, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 16, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616054112/http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2008/may/02/insider-rockwood-starlet-morphs-tomboy-sexiest/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Waxay kaqeyb gashay xiisad qoob ka ciyaarka ah oo ka dhacday xarunta bulshada halkaas ku taal waxayna ku lug laheyd kooxda heesaha ee Kingston Elementary School iyo kooxda dabaasha ee Kingston Clippers.  Markii ay 10 jir ahayd, ka dib markay u guurtay magaalada St. Petersburg, Florida, Fox waxay sii wadday tababarkii.<ref name="rottentomatoes">{{cite web|title=Megan Fox Celebrity Profile Biography|url=https://rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/megan_fox/biography.php|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=April 25, 2008|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=May 3, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503005801/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/megan_fox/biography.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="msnbio">{{cite web|title=Megan Fox: Biography|url=http://movies.msn.com/celebs/celeb.aspx?c=504118&mp=b|website=[[MSN]]|access-date=April 25, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506085034/http://movies.msn.com/celebs/celeb.aspx?c=504118&mp=b|archive-date=May 6, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Markii ay jirtay 13 sano, Fox waxay bilawday shaqadeeda tusaale ahaan ka dib markay ku guulaysatay abaalmarino dhawr ah 1999 Moodelkii Maraykanka iyo Talent Convention ee Koonfur Carolina.<ref name="el">{{cite web|url=http://www.amtcworld.com/the-results/top-100/megan-fox|title=Success Stories: Megan Fox|website=AMTC|date=September 16, 2009|access-date=September 16, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601203741/http://www.amtcworld.com/the-results/top-100/megan-fox|archive-date=June 1, 2009}}</ref> Markii ay 17 jir ahayd, waxay ku tijaabisay iskuulka iyada oo loo marayo waraaqaha si ay ugu guurto [[Los Angeles]], [[Kalifornia]].<ref name="alluremay2010" /><ref name="ELLE2" /> Fox waxay si xor ah uga hadashay waqtigeedii iskuulka, iyadoo cadeysay in iskuulka dhexe lagu cagajugleeyay ayna ku qadeysay qolka musqusha.  Waxay sheegtay in dhibaatadu aysan ahayn muuqaalkeeda, laakiin ay "mar walba saaxiib la wanaagsan tahay wiilasha" taasna ay "dadka qaar fahamsiisay qaladkeeda."<ref name="cg">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cosmogirl.com/entertainment/celeb-qa/megan-fox-qa-2|title=Megan Fox: Celeb Q&A|website=[[CosmoGirl!]]|access-date=August 9, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803063005/http://www.cosmogirl.com/entertainment/celeb-qa/megan-fox-qa-2|archive-date=August 3, 2009}}</ref> Fox ayaa sidoo kale sheegtay in aysan waligeed caan ka aheyn dugsiga sare, iyo in "qof walba uu i neceb yahay, oo waxaan ahaa qof gebi ahaanba la ixtiraamo, asxaabteydu had iyo jeer waxay ahaayeen rag, waxaan leeyahay dabeecad aad u qallafsan, gabdhuhuna ima jeclayn taas.  Waxaan lahaa hal gabar oo weyn oo saaxiib ah noloshayda oo dhan." <ref name="cg" /> == Shaqo == === 2000s === Markay ahayd 15, Fox waxay samaysay jilitaankeedii ugu horreeyay ee majaajillada jacaylka ah ee ''Holiday in the Sun'', taas oo si toos ah loogu sii daayay-DVD-ga markay ahayd Noofambar 20, 2001. Sannadaha soo socda ee soo socda, waxay ka soo muuqatay sitcoms-ka ''What I Like About You'' iyo ''Two and a Half Men''. Fox sidoo kale waxay u muuqatay (door aan la garanayn oo dheeri ah) filimka ''Bad Boys II'' (2003) Sannadkii 2004, waxay filimkeedii ugu horreeyay la sameysay Lindsay Lohan oo ku jirtay qosolkii muusikada ee ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'', iyadoo ciyaareysa doorka taageerada sida Carla Santini. Fox sidoo kale door ayey ku laheyd ABC sitcom ''Hope & Faith''. Fox wuxuu soo muuqday xilli ciyaareedyadii labaad iyo saddexaad, illaa taxanahan ay baajiyeen ABC bishii May 2006.<ref name="yahoo movies">[https://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1808488000/bio Megan Fox Biography] Yahoo! Movies</ref> [[File:Megan_Fox_Jennifers_Body_TIFF09_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|223x223px|Fox sanadkii 2009]] 2007, Fox waxay qaadatay doorka Mikaela Banes ee 2007 filimka ''Transformers''. Fox waxaa loo magacaabay Abaalmarinta Filimka MTV ee qeybta "Waxqabadka Burburka", sidoo kale waxaa loo magacaabay seddex Abaalmarin Xulashada Dhalinyarada.<ref name="yahoo movies" /> Waxay u saxeexday laba qaybood oo dheeraad ah oo ''Transformers'' ah,<ref name="yahoo movies" /><ref name="HR1">[https://hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3icab172bb79f71a0737ec507b71e6d9f4 Fox making 'Friends' for Weide pic] The Hollywood Reporter [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701160824/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3icab172bb79f71a0737ec507b71e6d9f4 archive] </ref> dib u soo celinta doorkeedii Mikaela ee ''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen''. Muran ayaa ka taagnaa muuqaalka Fox markii uu duubayey qeybtii labaad markii Michael Bay, oo ah agaasimaha filimka, uu ku amrey Aktarada inay hesho toban rodol.<ref>[http://omg.yahoo.com/news/megan-fox-told-to-gain-10-pounds-for-transformers-sequel/10802?nc "Megan Fox Told to Gain 10 Pounds for Transformers Sequel"] {{Wayback|url=http://omg.yahoo.com/news/megan-fox-told-to-gain-10-pounds-for-transformers-sequel/10802?nc |date=20080727113838 }}. Yahoo! Entertainment</ref><ref>[https://comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=52843 Transformers Moved Up Two Days] {{Wayback|url=https://comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=52843 |date=20140906023326 }} ComingSoon.net</ref> Sannadkii 2009, Fox waxay yeelatay kaalinteeda hoggaamineed ee ugu horreysay; waxay ku soo bandhigtay astaamaha cinwaanka ''[[Jennifer's Body]]'', oo uu qoray Diablo Cody.<ref name="autogenerated7">[https://pro.imdb.com/title/tt1131734/ IMDb Pro : Jennifer's Body Business Details] Pro.[[Internet Movie Database|imdb]].com</ref> Filimku wuxuu markiisii ​​hore kasbaday isku dhafan iyo dib u eegis celcelis ah markii la siidaayay, iyadoo waxqabadka Fox uu kasbaday ammaan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/jennifers-body|title=Jennifer's Body Reviews|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|work=[[Metacritic]]|date=September 17, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Grady|first1=Constance|title=How Jennifer's Body went from a flop in 2009 to a feminist cult classic today|url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/10/31/18037996/jennifers-body-flop-cult-classic-feminist-horror|access-date=August 5, 2020|work=Vox|date=October 31, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/i-think-youre-interesting/2018/11/10/18080168/jennifers-body-diablo-cody-interview-reborn|title=The life, death, and rebirth of Jennifer's Body, according to screenwriter Diablo Cody|last=VanDerWerff|first=Emily Todd|date=November 10, 2018|website=Vox|access-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2009, waxay bilawday duubista filimka ''Jonah Hex'', kaas oo ay ku muujisay Tallulah Black / Leila, qurux qoriga wadata iyo jacaylka oo Jonah Hex (Josh Brolin). Filimkan waxaa la sii daayay 18-kii Juun, 2010.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=March 3, 2009|title=Megan Fox lines up two film projects|url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3iee48bd23f07a5c212caf86dbc16e17a4|journal=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=April 8, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309003423/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3iee48bd23f07a5c212caf86dbc16e17a4|archive-date=March 9, 2009}}</ref><ref name="filmonic1">{{Cite web|url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2009/06/19/bad-news-boys-megan-fox-role-in-jonah-hex-merely-a-cameo/|title=Megan Fox Role in 'Jonah Hex' Merely a Cameo|publisher=[[MTV]]|access-date=March 25, 2010|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914223952/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2009/06/19/bad-news-boys-megan-fox-role-in-jonah-hex-merely-a-cameo/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ''Jonah Hex'' wuxuu ahaa mid muhiim ah oo ku fashilmay ganacsiga Mareykanka, iyada oo qaybinta caalamiga ah la joojiyay ka dib waxqabadkeedii liitay.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=jonahhex.htm|title=Jonah Hex (2010)|date=August 12, 2010|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=June 27, 2011}}</ref> Filimka waxaa loo magacaabay "filimkii ugu xumaa sanadka" ee Ururka Dhaleeceynta Filimada ee Houston.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewrap.com/awards/column-post/detroit-houston-critics-social-network-ho-hum-23347|title=Detroit, Houston Critics: 'Social Network,' Ho Hum &#124; The Wrap Awards|last=Pond|first=Steve|publisher=Thewrap.com|access-date=June 27, 2011|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Labaad 22, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222222351/http://www.thewrap.com/awards/column-post/detroit-houston-critics-social-network-ho-hum-23347|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === 2010s === Fox waxay la jileysay Mickey Rourke riwaayaddii ''Passion Play''.  Ka dib markii lagu soo bandhigay Bandhig Faneedka Caalamiga ah ee Toronto, qaybinta riwaayadaha caadiga ah waxaa loo dhaafiyey si toos ah-fiidiyoow ah loo sii daayo, iyadoo laba shaashadood oo keliya ay si kooban u muujinayaan filimka si loo fuliyo waajibaadka qandaraaska.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/archives/passion_play_with_mickey_rourke_megan_fox_not_surprisingly_going/|title='Passion Play' With Mickey Rourke & Megan Fox Not Surprisingly Going Straight-To-DVD > The Playlist|publisher=Blogs.indiewire.com|access-date=June 27, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314060431/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/archives/passion_play_with_mickey_rourke_megan_fox_not_surprisingly_going|archive-date=March 14, 2011}}</ref> Rourke wuxuu ugu yeeray filimka inuu ahaa "xun. Filim kale oo xun."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ology.com/screen/mickey-rourke-shts-all-over-passion-play|title=Mickey Rourke Sh*ts All Over 'Passion Play'|last=Breslaw|first=Anna|website=Ology.com|access-date=June 19, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724085325/http://www.ology.com/screen/mickey-rourke-shts-all-over-passion-play|archive-date=July 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2011/04/mickey_rourke_takes_back_the_n.html|title=Mickey Rourke Takes Back the Nice Things He Said About Megan Fox|website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|last=Greco|first=Patti|date=February 13, 2011}}</ref> Fox waxay la soo muuqatay Dominic Monaghan fiidiyowga muusikada [[Eminem]] iyo [[Rihanna]] heesta "Love the Way You Lie". <ref>Montgomery, James (July 26, 2010) [http://blog.mtvasia.com/2010/07/27/megan-fox-dominic-monaghan-caught-kissing-for-eminem-video/ "Megan Fox, Dominic Monaghan Caught Kissing For Eminem Video – News Story"]. MTV. Viacom. Retrieved August 7, 2010. {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Sannadkii 2012, Fox waxay ka soo muuqatay filimka majaajillada ah ee ''The Dictator'' iyo ''This Is 40.''<ref name="cartoon">{{Cite news|url=http://blog.bcdb.com/announces-largest-programming-schedule-4241/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205085108/http://blog.bcdb.com/announces-largest-programming-schedule-4241/|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 5, 2012|title=AS Announces Largest Programming Schedule Ever|first=Ethan|last=Minovitz|publisher=Big Cartoon News|date=May 25, 2012|access-date=May 25, 2012}}</ref> [[File:Megan_Fox_(14977773610)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|226x226px|Fox 2014]] Bishii Janaayo 2013, Fox waxaa lagu soo bandhigay xayeysiis telefishan reer [[Barasiil]] ah oo loogu talagalay biirka Brahma.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://b96.cbslocal.com/2013/01/29/watch-megan-fox-in-her-sexy-new-brazilian-beer-commercial/|title=Megan Fox In Her Sexy New Brazilian Beer Commercial|date=January 29, 2013|publisher=B96 Chicago|access-date=January 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616175005/http://b96.cbslocal.com/2013/01/29/watch-megan-fox-in-her-sexy-new-brazilian-beer-commercial/|archive-date=June 16, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Febraayo 2013, Fox wuxuu ku jilay filimka ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' (2014), oo ah hoggaanka aadanaha ee April O'Neil.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cowabunga! 'TMNT' remake ends Megan Fox-Michael Bay feud|url=http://herocomplex.latimes.com/games/megan-fox-michael-bay-ninja-turtles/|access-date=February 22, 2013|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 22, 2013|first=Rene|last=Lynch}}</ref> Sannadkii 2015, Fox waxay ka soo muuqatay doorka Amelia Delthanis ee ciyaarta fiidiyowga ''Stormfall: Rise of Balur''.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Megan Fox Joins Stormfall: Rise of Balur Mobile Game|url=http://people.com/celebrity/megan-fox-joins-stormfall-rise-of-balur-mobile-game/|first=Mariah|last=Haas|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=May 5, 2016}}</ref> Bishii Oktoobar 2015, waxaa la xaqiijiyey in Fox ay si kumeelgaar ah u beddeli doonto Zooey Deschanel telefishanka sitcom ''New Girl'', ka dib fasaxa umusha ee Deschanel.<ref>{{cite news|title='New Girl' season 5 spoilers: Megan Fox to fill in for Zooey Deschanel|url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/new.girl.season.5.news.megan.fox.to.fill.in.for.zooey.deschanel/66016.htm|magazine=[[Christian Today]]|date=October 1, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Shanaad 4, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Shanaad 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518074337/https://www.christiantoday.com/article/new.girl.season.5.news.megan.fox.to.fill.in.for.zooey.deschanel/66016.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Megan|last=McCluskey|title=Megan Fox Will Be The Newest Girl on New Girl|url=https://time.com/4040173/megan-fox-new-girl/|newspaper=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=September 18, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Shanaad 4, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415091949/https://time.com/4040173/megan-fox-new-girl/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Waxay u jilay sidii Reagan Lucas, oo ka soo muuqatay xilliyadii shanaad iyo lixaad ee taxanaha.  Waxqabadkeedu wuxuu kasbaday dib-u-eegis togan oo ka yimid dadka naqdiya.<ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Fienberg|title=Critic's Notebook: Megan Fox Smoothly Steps In for Zooey Deschanel on 'New Girl'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/fien-print/critics-notebook-megan-fox-smoothly-863134|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=February 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Erik|last=Adams|title=The highlight of Megan Fox's New Girl arc saves itself from a deadly premise|url=https://tv.avclub.com/the-highlight-of-megan-fox-s-new-girl-arc-saves-itself-1798186808|newspaper=[[The A.V. Club]]|date=February 23, 2016|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Shanaad 4, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116105008/https://tv.avclub.com/the-highlight-of-megan-fox-s-new-girl-arc-saves-itself-1798186808|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=David|last=Sims|title=New Girl and the Power of Sitcom Shakeup|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/03/does-new-girl-need-zooey-deschanel-anymore/472926/|newspaper=[[The Atlantic]]|date=March 9, 216}}</ref> 2016, Fox waxay dib u soo celisay kaalinteeda April O'Neil ee ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows''. Bishii Sebtember 12, 2018, waxaa la xaqiijiyay in Fox uu ka soo muuqan doono filimka Dagaalkii Kuuriya ee ''The Battle of Jangsari'', oo uu weheliyo jilaa reer Kuuriya Kim Myung-min. Waxay ka ciyaartay door hoggaamineed Marguerite Higgins, oo ah [[wariye]] Mareykan ah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/asia/megan-fox-to-appear-in-korean-war-movie-jangsa-ri-1202937869/|title=Megan Fox to Appear in Korean War Movie 'Jangsa-ri'|last=Kil|first=Sonia|date=September 12, 2018|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=September 24, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Sannadkii 2019, Fox ayaa jilay filimka ''Above the Shadows.''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/olivia-thirlby-alan-ritchson-megan-fox-shadow-girl-afm-1202199619/|title=Olivia Thirlby, Alan Ritchson & Megan Fox Star In 'Shadow Girl' — AFM|last=N'Duka|first=Amanda|date=November 1, 2017|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 4, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/05/gravitas-above-the-shadows-olivia-thirlby-megan-fox-cinedigm-the-outsider-1202608195/|title=Gravitas Nabs 'Above The Shadows' Starring Olivia Thirlby & Megan Fox; Cinedigm Secures 'The Outsider'|last=N'Duka|first=Amanda|date=May 6, 2019|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en|access-date=May 24, 2019}}</ref> Isla sanadkaas, Fox waxay ka soo muuqatay ''Zeroville'' oo uu agaasime ka ahaa James Franco, oo horay loo toogtay 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Megan Fox Joins James Franco in 'Zeroville'|url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/megan-fox-joins-james-franco-743722|access-date=October 26, 2014|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=October 24, 2014|first=Borys|last=Kit}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/james-franco-zeroville-bombs/|title=James Franco's 'Zeroville' Bombs With Measly $8,900 on 80 Screens|website=The Wrap|first=Jeremy|last=Fuster|date=September 30, 2019|access-date=May 18, 2020}}</ref> === 2020s === Sannadkii 2020, Fox wuxuu la jilay Josh Duhamel filimka majaajillada ''Think Like a Dog'', kaasoo la sii daayay Juun 9, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/think-like-a-dog-trailer/|title='Think Like a Dog' Trailer: Josh Duhamel and Megan Fox Are Playing Parents Now in a Family Comedy|website=Slash Film|first=Hoai-Tran|last=Bui|date=May 10, 2020|access-date=May 18, 2020}}</ref> Sidoo kale sanadkaas, waxay ku jileysay doorka hogaaminta filimka ''Rogue'', kaasoo la sii daayay Ogosto 28, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ew.com/movies/megan-fox-rogue-trailer/|title=Megan Fox's mercenary takes on a lethal lion in trailer for action movie Rogue|last=Collis|first=Clark|date=July 20, 2020|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=July 22, 2020}}</ref> '''Mashaariicda soo socota''' Fox ayaa jileysa filimka majaajillada ah ee ''Big Gold Brick'', oo ay weheliyaan Oscar Isaac, Andy García, Lucy Hale, iyo Emory Cohen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/andy-garcia-megan-fox-lucy-hale-star-big-gold-brick-cannes-1208982|title=Cannes: Andy Garcia, Emory Cohen, Megan Fox, Lucy Hale to Star in 'Big Gold Brick' (Exclusive)|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/andy-garcia-emory-cohen-big-gold-brick-1203209863/|title=Film News Roundup: Andy Garcia, Emory Cohen, Lucy Hale to Star in 'Big Gold Brick'|last=McNary|first=Dave|date=May 9, 2019|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale ka jileysaa ''Midnight in the Switchgrass''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/megan-fox-bruce-willis-join-randall-emmett-directorial-debut-midnight-the-switchgrass-1202860960/|title=Megan Fox & Bruce Willis Join Randall Emmett's Directorial Debut 'Midnight In The Switchgrass', Highland To Sell At EFM|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Andreas|last=Wiseman|date=February 16, 2020|access-date=May 18, 2020}}</ref> iyo ''Till Death.''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/megan-fox-to-star-in-millennium-medias-efm-bound-till-death-exclusive/5147167.article|title=Megan Fox to star in Millennium Media's EFM-bound 'Till Death' (exclusive)|website=[[Screen International]]|first=Jeremy|last=Kay|date=February 13, 2020|access-date=May 18, 2020}}</ref> == Nolosha shaqsiga == [[File:Megan_Fox_LF.jpg|alt=Megan Fox wearing a grey and lavender spaghetti strap dress|right|thumb|249x249px|Fox 2007]] Fox wuxuu xiriir la bilaabay Brian Austin Green sanadki 2004, kadib markuu ku kulmay kulanka rajada & Iimaanka;  waxay ahayd 18 sano jir, halka uu 30 jir ahaa.<ref name="mfh">{{cite web|url=https://www.today.com/popculture/megan-fox-heats-talk-about-film-love-life-wbna30582796|publisher=Access Hollywood|title=Megan Fox heats up talk about film, love life|date=May 5, 2009|access-date=May 5, 2009}}</ref><ref name="fox">{{cite news|url=http://www.herald.ie/entertainment/hq/on-the-cover-megan-fox-1454846.html|newspaper=The Evening Herald|title=On The Cover: Megan Fox|access-date=August 18, 2008|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430002152/http://www.herald.ie/entertainment/hq/on-the-cover-megan-fox-1454846.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay Fox, Green markii hore way ka labalabeysay inay xiriir la gasho iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay da'da kala duwanaanteeda, waxay tiri, "Waxay ahayd inaan ka dhaadhiciyo inaan waxyar mas'uuliyad ka sareeyo oo si fiican u hadlay iyo inaan haysto waxyaabo kale oo aan sameeyo marka laga reebo 18 jir."<ref>{{Cite web|first=Tamara|last=Jude|url=https://screenrant.com/brian-austin-green-megan-fox-marriage-secrets-facts-trivia/|title=15 Secrets About Brian Austin Green And Megan Fox's Marriage|date=June 2, 2018|website=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref><ref name="people2009">[http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20261194,00.html Megan Fox and Brian Austin Green Call Off Engagement]. People</ref> Dabayaaqadii sannadkaas, Fox waxaa bartilmaameedsaday koox dambiilayaal ah oo ku dhiirrigeliya moodada oo loo yaqaan "Bling Ring", kuwaas oo ka dhacay guriga Green si ay u helaan hantida Fox.<ref name="VF4">[http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/03/billionaire-girls-201003?currentPage=4 The Suspects Wore Louboutins]. Vanity Fair</ref><ref>[http://ca.eonline.com/news/186575/ringless-megan-fox-engagement-is-old-news#ixzz0rEAjEKXg Ringless Megan Fox: Engagement Is "Old News"!]. E! Online</ref> Fox iyo Green waxay is guursadeen Juun 24, 2010 xaflad gaar ah oo ka dhacday Maui.<ref name="www.tvguide.com">[https://tvguide.com/News/Megan-Fox-Marriage-1019999.aspx Megan Fox and Brian Austin Green Wed in Small Ceremony] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140906023216/http://www.tvguide.com/News/Megan-Fox-Marriage-1019999.aspx archived] TV Guide</ref><ref>[http://www.usmagazine.com/celebritynews/news/fox-green-wed-2010286 Megan Fox and Brian Austin Green Are Married!] Us Weekly</ref> Fox waxay furtay furiin 21-kii Ogos, 2015, maalmo yar kadib markii iyada iyo Green ay ku dhawaaqeen kala tagooda.<ref name="Reuters divorce">{{cite news|last1=Dobuzinskis|first1=Alex|title=Actress Megan Fox files for divorce from Brian Austin Green|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/22/us-people-meganfox-idUSKCN0QR00D20150822|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=August 21, 2015|date=August 21, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=August 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825040615/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/22/us-people-meganfox-idUSKCN0QR00D20150822|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Blynn|first1=Jamie|title=Megan Fox and Brian Austin Green Split: Couple Has Separated After 11 Years Together|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/megan-fox-brian-austin-green-split-couple-separates-after-11-years-2015198|website=[[Us Weekly]]|access-date=August 21, 2015|date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Horaantii 2016, way soo wada noqdeen waxayna filayeen ilmo saddexaad.<ref name="toofab">[http://toofab.com/2016/05/02/megan-fox-brian-austin-green-beach-photos/ Megan Fox Covers Up Her Baby Bump at the Beach] {{Wayback|url=http://toofab.com/2016/05/02/megan-fox-brian-austin-green-beach-photos/ |date=20230505114515 }} Too Fab</ref> Bishii Abriil 25, 2019 Fox waxay xareysay furitaanka furiinka ka dhacay Los Angeles, Kalifornia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/megan-fox-files-to-dismiss-brian-austin-green-divorce/|title=Finally! Megan Fox Files to Dismiss Brian Austin Green Divorce|magazine=[[Us Weekly]]|date=April 27, 2019}}</ref> Bishii Maajo 2020, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay inay kala tageen.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/megan-fox-brian-austin-green-split-after-nearly-10-years-of-marriage/|title=Brian Austin Green Confirms Split From Megan Fox After Nearly 10 Years of Marriage|website=[[US Weekly]]|first=Dory|last=Jackson|date=May 18, 2020|access-date=May 18, 2020}}</ref> Wadajir ahaan, waxay leeyihiin saddex wiil: Noah Shannon Green (wuxuu dhashay 2012),<ref>{{cite news|last1=D'Zurilla|first1=Christie|title=Megan Fox, Brian Austin Green have baby boy|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2012/oct/17/entertainment/la-et-mg-megan-fox-baby-boy-brian-austin-green-20121017|access-date=August 22, 2015|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=October 17, 2012|archive-date=January 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108080206/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/oct/17/entertainment/la-et-mg-megan-fox-baby-boy-brian-austin-green-20121017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/MeganFox/posts/10151070465595423|first=Megan (verified account)|last=Fox|title=We have been very lucky to have had a peaceful few weeks at home…|quote=I gave birth to our son Noah Shannon Green on September 27th.|website=[[Facebook]]|date=October 17, 2012|access-date=August 20, 2017|archive-date=July 7, 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130707025240/https://www.facebook.com/MeganFox/posts/10151070465595423|url-status=live}}</ref> Bodhi Ransom Green (wuxuu dhashay 2014)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Eggenberger|first1=Nicole|title=Megan Fox Gives Birth, Welcomes Baby Boy Bodhi Ransom With Husband Brian Austin Green|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/megan-fox-gives-birth-welcomes-baby-boy-bodhi-ransom-with-husband-brian-austin-green-2014202|access-date=August 22, 2015|work=[[Us Weekly]]|date=February 20, 2014|archive-date=August 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819063912/http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/megan-fox-gives-birth-welcomes-baby-boy-bodhi-ransom-with-husband-brian-austin-green-2014202|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo Journey River Green (wuxuu dhashay 2016).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://people.com/parents/megan-fox-brian-austin-green-welcome-son-journey-river/|title=Brian Austin Green and Megan Fox Welcome Son Journey River|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=August 9, 2016|access-date=March 29, 2020}}</ref> Fox sidoo kale waxay hooyo u tahay wiilka Green, Kassius (wuxuu dhashay 2002), xiriir hore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/286501/brian-austin-green-sues-baby-mama-vanessa-marcil|title=Brian Austin Green Sues Baby Mama Vanessa Marcil|website=[[E!]]|date=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Bishii Maajo 2020, Green wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in isaga iyo Fox ay kala tageen ka dib ku dhowaad 10 sano oo ay is qabeen,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brian Austin Green opens up about split with wife Megan Fox|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/18/entertainment/brian-austin-green-megan-fox/index.html|date=May 19, 2020|first=Sandra|last=Gonzalez|website=CNN|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> iyo bishii Nofeembar 2020, Fox ayaa markii labaad furtay furiin ka imanaya Green.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://people.com/movies/megan-fox-files-for-divorce-from-brian-austin-green-for-second-time/|title=Megan Fox Files for Divorce from Brian Austin Green Days After Red Carpet Debut with Machine Gun Kelly|first=Ale|last=Russian|publisher=People|date=November 25, 2020|access-date=December 17, 2020}}</ref> Fox iyo Green waa taageereyaasha Deeqsinimada Biyaha, waxayna maalgeliyeen abuuritaanka in ka badan toban ceel biyood oo loogu talagalay hay'adda.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/evankirkpatrick/2015/04/27/a-night-of-generosity-raised-over-500k-in-minutes-success-was-years-in-the-making/|title='A Night Of Generosity' Raised Over $500k In Minutes, Success Was Years In The Making|last=Kirkpatrick|first=Evan|date=April 27, 2015|work=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]|access-date=September 19, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.accessonline.com/videos/megan-fox-brian-austin-green-give-back-49203/|title=Megan Fox & Brian Austin Green Give Back|date=December 15, 2014|work=[[Access Hollywood]]|access-date=August 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822050251/https://www.accessonline.com/videos/megan-fox-brian-austin-green-give-back-49203/|archive-date=August 22, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Juun 2020, iyada iyo fannaanka Machine Gun Kelly waxay meel fagaare ah ka wada hadleen xiriirkooda, dhowr toddobaad ka dib markii la sii daayay heesta Machine Gun Kelly ee " Bloody Valentine", oo ay Fox ku soo bandhigtay fiidiyowga muusikada.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Troy L.|last2=Clevel|last3=.com|date=June 16, 2020|title=Megan Fox, Machine Gun Kelly confirm relationship after making out in public|url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2020/06/megan-fox-machine-gun-kelly-confirm-relationship-after-making-out-in-public.html|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=cleveland}}</ref> Fox waxay leedahay qaab brachydactyly loo yaqaan suulka suulasha,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Megan Fox's 'cosmetic deficit'|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=February 9, 2010|access-date=October 24, 2017|url=http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity/megan-foxs-cosmetic-deficit-20100208-no1n.html}}</ref> oo ay ka wada hadashey cilladdeeda qasabka ah ee qasabka ah (OCD), amni-darrada, is-waxyeellaynta, waxayna qiraysaa inay leedahay kalsooni-darro.<ref name="Hedegaard">{{Cite magazine|first=Erik|last=Hedegaard|title=Megan Fox Draws Blood|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=October 1, 2009|access-date=October 24, 2017|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/megan-fox-draws-blood-20091001}}</ref> Sanadkii 2013, waxay sheegtay in caqiidadeeda masiixiyadeed ay wali muhiimad gaar ah u leedahay iyada ayna aaminsan tahay inay ka dhigayso inay salka ku hayso.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Stephen|last=Marche|url=http://www.esquire.com/features/megan-fox-photos-interview-0213|title=Megan Fox Saves Herself|magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]|date=January 15, 2013}}</ref> Fox waxay tiri waxay leedahay kalsooni daro guud iyo nacaybka ragga,<ref name="Bullock">{{Cite magazine|first=Maggie|last=Bullock|title=Megan Fox: ELLE's June cover girl on breaking up, misbehaving, and having men eating out of her hand|magazine=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|date=May 5, 2009|access-date=October 10, 2009|url=http://www.elle.com/pop-culture/cover-shoots/megan-fox-323890}}</ref><ref name="Kids">{{cite news|title=Megan Fox says having kids won't cramp her social style|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=March 20, 2012|access-date=April 15, 2012|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/megan-fox-says-having-kids-wont-cramp-her-social-style/story-e6frewyr-1226304790003}}</ref><ref name="Survive">{{Cite news|title=Megan Fox: "I Could Survive a Week Without Eating"|work=[[Us Weekly]]|date=May 18, 2010|access-date=April 15, 2012|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-body/news/megan-fox-i-could-survive-a-week-without-eating-2010185}}</ref> oo ay sheegtay in aysan u galmoon karin qof aysan jecleyn.<ref name="Cady" /><ref name="Kids" /> == Tixraacyada == <references /> [[Category:Dad nool]] avya4qoevn57xrum381g0wu5lv2odln 0 33126 308263 297922 2026-09-17T03:39:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Disha Patani|image=Disha Patani snapped at the M.A.C Cosmetics event, 2019 (1).jpg|caption=Patani ee 2019|birth_date={{birth date and age|1992|06|13|df=y}} <ref name="republicWorld-1992">{{cite web|url=https://www.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/disha-patanis-birthday-morning-has-a-dash-of-chocolate-sweetness.html|publisher=[[Republic World]]|access-date=2021-04-19|title=Disha Patani's Birthday Morning Has A Dash Of Chocolate Cake; See Pics}}</ref><ref name="TOI age dispute">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Is-Disha-Patani-lying-about-her-age/articleshow/53300643.cms|title=Is Disha Patani lying about her age?|website=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|date=28 January 2017|access-date=9 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Mid-Day age dispute">{{cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/is-tiger-shroffs-rumoured-girlfriend-disha-patani-faking-her-age/17445164|title=Is Tiger Shroff's rumoured girlfriend Disha Patani 'faking' her age?|website=[[Mid-Day]]|author=The Hitlist Team|date=19 July 2016|access-date=9 May 2018|archive-date=9 Bisha Shanaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509075650/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/is-tiger-shroffs-rumoured-girlfriend-disha-patani-faking-her-age/17445164|url-status=dead}}</ref>|birth_place=[[Bareilly]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]|years_active=2015–hada|occupation=Atariisho}}'''Disha Patani''' (waxay dhalatay 13 Juun 1992) waa arariisho Hindi ah. == Nolosha shaqsiyeed == Patani waa Kumaoni oo ka soo jeeda Uttarakhand<ref>Republic World. [https://www.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/disha-patanis-brothers-birthday-wish-disha-patanis-family.html "Disha Patani Posts An Adorable Picture To Wish Her Brother On His Birthday"].</ref><ref>https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/baaghi-3-disha-patani-stuns-with-her-bold-moves-in-the-do-you-love-me-song-808347.html</ref> iyo Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, waa meeshii ay ku dhalatay.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Iyer|first1=Sanyukta|title=Disha Patani: Tiger Shroff is a great role model|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/disha-patani-tiger-shroff-is-a-great-role-model/articleshow/64724939.cms|access-date=21 April 2021|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=25 June 2018|language=en|archive-date=21 Bisha Afraad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421161702/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/disha-patani-tiger-shroff-is-a-great-role-model/articleshow/64724939.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=22 January 2019|title=Disha Patani receives a heartfelt letter from her youngest fan from Bareilly|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/disha-patani-receives-a-heartfelt-letter-from-her-youngest-fan-from-bareilly/20283168|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Mid-Day|archive-date=3 Bisha Labaad 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203185738/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/disha-patani-receives-a-heartfelt-letter-from-her-youngest-fan-from-bareilly/20283168|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxay ka soo jeedaa asal Rajput.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Madhureeta|date=28 January 2017|title=Disha Patani: The only time I'm not shy is when I'm facing the camera|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Disha-Patani-The-only-time-Im-not-shy-is-when-Im-facing-the-camera/articleshow/53569765.cms|access-date=6 August 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Taariikhda dhalashadeeda ayaa si isdaba joog ah looga soo tabiyay warbaahinta, sida 13 Junn 1992 iyo 27 Luulyo 1995.<ref name="TOI age dispute" /><ref name="Mid-Day age dispute" /> Aabaheed, Jagadish Singh Patani waa sarkaal boolis hooyadeedna waa kormeere caafimaad. Walaasheeda ka weyn, Khushboo Patani waa sarreeye ka tirsan Ciidanka Hindiya.<ref>https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-who-is-khushboo-patani-meet-disha-patani-beautiful-sister-who-works-for-indian-army-2874905</ref> Waxay kaloo leedahay walaal ka yar, Suryansh Patani.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tiwari|first1=Saumya|title=Exclusive: पुलिस अफसर पापा की जुबानी, बेटी दिशा पाटनी के स्टार बनने की कहानी|url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/exclusive-disha-patani-father-jagdish-singh-patani-police-officer-know-how-he-made-daughter-a-bollywood-star/805067/|access-date=25 March 2020|work=Jansatta|date=13 June 2019|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disha Patani Introduces Her Army Officer Sister Khushboo in Instagram Post|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/disha-patani-introduces-her-army-officer-sister-khushboo-in-instagram-post-2109265.html|access-date=25 March 2020|work=News18|date=19 April 2019}}</ref> Waxay baratay injineernimada.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2018|title=Disha Patani opens up about her journey from a Bareilly girl to a successful actress|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/disha-patani-opens-up-about-her-journey-from-a-bareilly-girl-to-a-successful-actress/19555194|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Mid-Day|archive-date=26 Bisha Lixaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626134754/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/disha-patani-opens-up-about-her-journey-from-a-bareilly-girl-to-a-successful-actress/19555194|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxay ku muujisay barnaamij raadiyaha in magaceeda dhabta ah uu ahaa Patni halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Patani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://m.suryaa.com/cinema-9724-.html |access-date=2021-08-07 |archive-date=2021-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521172135/https://m.suryaa.com/cinema-9724-.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sanadkii 2020, Patani waxay ka mid ah dhowr atariisho oo Bollywood ah oo lagu dhaleeceeyay dhajinta farriimaha Instagram-ka oo muujinaya midnimada dhaqdhaqaaqa [[Nolosha Dadka Madow Waa Muhiim]] (''Black Lives Matter'') in kasta oo shaqadooda hore ay ku xayeysiinayaan alaabada iftiiminta maqaarka taas oo sii wadata midab-takoorka.<ref>[https://www.harpersbazaar.com.sg/life/bollywood-stars-called-out-double-standards-black-lives-matter/ "Bollywood Stars Called Out For Double Standards Over Black Lives Matter"]. ''Harper's Bazaar''.</ref><ref>[https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/peak-hypocrisy-bollywood-actors-protesting-racism-and-endorsing-fairness-creams-2655811.html "Peak Hypocrisy: Bollywood Actors Protesting Racism and Endorsing Fairness Creams"]. ''News18''.</ref> == Tixraacyo == s40dk7v9bydgchgjsldhaiekt0agm8h 0 34588 308391 289146 2026-09-17T11:07:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308391 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Warka Salidka Somaliland /Somalia ''' wararka saliida iyo gaaska somaliland iyo wararka saliida iyo gaaska somaliland ayaa waxa bilaabmay sanadkii 2012kii iyadoo saliida lagaga shubi doono genel energy, iyo qiyaaso 30Bn oo lagu qiyaaso , somalida ayaa heshiisyo kala heleen gobolada badaha cayriin, wararka shiidaalka somaliland waxa uu ka kooban yahay wararka website-yada iyo website-yada shirkadaha , iyo wararka raadiyaha oo laga helayo [[File:Oil_well.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Salidka Dhulka Hoose ]] [[File:Somaliland_oil_explorations.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Sawirku waxa uu muujinayaa SL13 IYO SL10 Gobolada Somaliland sida Toosan Prospect SL13/SL10 , Daggan Prospect SL13/SL10 ,Xagar Prospect SL13/SL10 , Saafi Prospect SL13/SL10 ,Galool Prospect SL13/SL10 iyo kuwo kale ayaa muujinaya gobolada shidaalka oo ku dhawaad ​​2-5 bilyan oo barrle oo saliid qaydhiin ah ku jiraan shiidaalka Somaliland , shirkadaha heshiisyada shiidaalka ayaa doonaya in ay isku xidhaan gaadiidka ku wajahan Berbera. magaalada]] * '''Ama''': Salidka Dunida * '''Ama''': Salidka Warka internetka , * '''Ama''': Shirkad Warka ==warka== * https://keyfactsenergy.com/news/27295/view/ * https://www.cpc.com.tw/en/News_Content.aspx?n=2705&s=69406 * https://www.ftlsomalia.com/somaliland-holds-oil-exploration-talks-with-taiwans-opic-and-genel-energy/ * https://somalilandstandard.com/taiwanese-oil-firm-to-drill-somalilands-first-oil-well-in-mid-2024/ * https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2021/12/22/2003769973 * https://keyfactsenergy.com/news/27295/view/ * https://saxafimedia.com/oil-discovered-drilling-water-bore-somaliland/ {{Wayback|url=https://saxafimedia.com/oil-discovered-drilling-water-bore-somaliland/ |date=20230606004734 }} * https://africaoilgasreport.com/2021/12/farm-in-farm-out/taiwans-cpc-farms-into-sl10b13block-in-somaliland/ * https://www.somalilandcurrent.com/cpc-expects-to-start-oil-exploration-in-somaliland-as-early-as-2023/==Sido{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Kale fiiri== * [[Warka Salidka Waddanamaha]] ==Sido kale firi== * [[Liska Salidka Mawduucyada]] * [[Salidka Bahadhamal]] * [[Toosan Prospect SL13/SL10]] * [[Birka salidka Dulka Hoose]] * [[Xagar Prospect SL13/SL10]] fu3gakpm1e2k279mcus0211ko76o3cp 0 36811 308344 239914 2026-09-17T08:54:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nutella''' waa magaca Talyaani macaan ''hazelnut'' faafintiisa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.brandrepublic.com/News/732842/Nutella-hands-4m-job-Krow-ahead-relaunch/ |access-date=2022-08-14 |archive-date=2011-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216201317/http://www.brandrepublic.com/News/732842/Nutella-hands-4m-job-Krow-ahead-relaunch |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waxaa soo saaray shirkadda Ferrero ee [[Talyaaniga]], waxaa lagu soo bandhigay suuqa 1964. Nutella waxay leedahay 200 oo kaloori.<ref>https://www.nutella.com/us/en/range</ref> [[File:Nutella ak.jpg|thumb|Nutella]] [[File:Logo Nutella.svg|thumb|Logo]] =Tix= {{reflist}}{{ow}} 8kpkn1t70s35c3xux9xpsnvt8b6uxht 0 42460 308318 283877 2026-09-17T05:04:08Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox official post | post = Gudoomiyaha | body = Awdal | insignia = | insigniasize = | insigniacaption = | image = Xoday.jpg | inaugural = | incumbent = [[Muxumed Xasan Jaamac]] | incumbentsince = January 21, 2025 | style = Mudane | residence = | termlength = aan xad lahayn | formation = May 25, 1992 | deputy = | salary = | website = }} '''Gudoomiyaha Awdal''' waa madaxa fulinta ee gobolka [[Awdal]] ee [[Somaliland]] , isaga oo hogaaminaya laanta fulinta ee gobolka . Gudoomiye gobolada waxa xafiiska u magacaabaya madaxweynaha Somaliland . Gudoomiye Awdal ee hadda xilka haya Muxumed Xasan Jaamac ==Liiska gudoomiyaasha== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Magaca ! rowspan="2" |Magaca soomaaliga ! colspan="3" |Muddada xilka |- !Xilka la wareegay !Xafiiska bidix |- | [[Dahir Riyale Kahin]] | Daahir Riyaale Kaahin | 1992<ref>{{Cite news |title=Taariikh nololeedkii Daahir Rayaale |newspaper=bbc.com |date=2010-06-02 |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/faaqidaad/2010/06/100602_daahirrayaal |accessdate=2022-04-24 }}</ref> | |- | Bashir Farah Kawye | | 29 Jul. 1996<ref>{{Cite news |title=Somalia Humanitarian Situation Report, 16 July - 2 August 1996 |newspaper=reliefweb.int |date=1996-08-02 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somaila-humanitarian-situation-report-16-july-2-august-1996 |accessdate=2022-04-24 }}</ref> | Muxumed Aw-jibriil Fahiye |-25.janaury.1997 to 2000 | Mohamed Muse Bahdoon, Mohamed Musa Bahdon | | Apr. 2002<ref>{{Cite news |title=UNICEF Somalia Review Apr 2002 |newspaper=reliefweb.int |date=2002-04-30 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/unicef-somalia-review-apr-2002 |accessdate=2022-04-24 }}</ref> | |- | Mahamud Sheik Abdilahi Ige | Maxamuud Sheekh Cabdillaahi Cige | | 31 Jul. 2010<ref>{{Cite news |title=Guddoomiyihii Gobolka Awdal oo ka hadlay sababta is-casilaaddiisa |newspaper=hiiraan.com |date=2010-08-01 |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2010/aug/wararka_maanta1-10595.htm |accessdate=2022-04-24 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Rabshado ka dhacay Boorama |newspaper=bbc.com |date=2010-07-31 |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war/2010/07/100731_borama |accessdate=2022-04-24 }}</ref> |- | Ahmed Hadi Sidii | | | 5 Feb. 2013<ref name=ss20130205/> |- | Abdo Ahmed Ayer | Cabdoo Axmed Aayer | 5 Feb. 2013<ref name=ss20130205>{{Cite news |title=Somaliland: President Silanyo Negates Clan Affiliation as Qualification for Regional Governorship |newspaper=somalilandsun.com |date=2013-02-05 |url=https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-president-silanyo-negates-clan-affiliation-as-qualification-for-regional-governorship/ |accessdate=2022-04-25 }}</ref> | Feb. 2015<ref name=ht20150218/> |- | | Maxmuud Cali Saleebaaan Ramaax | Feb. 2015<ref name=ht20150218>{{Cite news |title=BREAKING NEWS: BADHASAABKA CUSUB EE GOBOLKA AWDAL MR RAMAAX OO KA BADBAADAY ISKU DAY DIL |newspaper=haatuf.net |date=2015-02-18 |url=http://haatuf.net/?p=2728 |accessdate=2022-04-24 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2020-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009111525/http://haatuf.net/?p=2728 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | 15 Aug. 2016<ref name=go20160815/> |- | Mustafe Abdi Isse (Shine) | Mustafe Cabdi Ciise (Shiine) | 15 Aug. 2016<ref name=go20160815>{{Cite news |title=Somaliland: Siilaanyo oo isku shaandhayn sameeyay|newspaper=garoweonline.com |date=2016-08-15 |url=https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somaliland-siilaanyo-oo-isku-shaandhayn-sameeyay |accessdate=2022-04-25 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Madaxweynaha Somaliland Oo Xalay Rumeeyay Isku Shaandheyn Balaadhan Oo Maalmahanba La Hadal-hayay Iyo Liiska Masuuliyiinta Cusub Iyo Kuwa La Eryay |newspaper=saxafimedia.com |date=2016-08-15 |url=https://saxafimedia.com/madaxweynaha-somaliland-oo-xalay-rumeeyay-isku-shaandheyn-balaadhan-oo-maalmahanba-la-hadal-hayay-iyo-liiska-masuuliyiinta-cusub-iyo-kuwa-la-eryay/ |accessdate=2022-04-24 |archive-date=2023-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601002034/https://saxafimedia.com/madaxweynaha-somaliland-oo-xalay-rumeeyay-isku-shaandheyn-balaadhan-oo-maalmahanba-la-hadal-hayay-iyo-liiska-masuuliyiinta-cusub-iyo-kuwa-la-eryay/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Sep. 2017<ref>{{Cite news |title=Madaxweyne Siilaanyo oo isku bedel ku sameeyey qaar ka mid hay'adaha dawladda |newspaper=hiiraan.com |date=2017-09-10 |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2017/sept/wararka_maanta10-142772.htm |accessdate=2022-04-24 }}</ref> |- | Abdillahi Jibril Gaaxnuug (Buraale) | Cabdillaahi Jibriil Gaaxnuug (Buraale) | 10 Sep. 2017<ref>{{Cite news |title=Guddoomiyaasha Awdal iyo Maroodijeex oo la isku badalay |newspaper= |date=2017-09-10 |url=https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somaliland/guddoomiyaasha-awdal-iyo-maroodijeex-oo-la-isku-badalay |accessdate=2022-04-24 }}</ref> | |- | Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Muse | Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Muuse | 29 Jan. 2018<ref>{{Cite news |title=Somaliland: Muuse Biixi Oo Magacaabay Qaar Ka Mid Ah Guddoomiyeyaasha Degmooyinka |newspaper=goobjoog.com |date=2018-01-29 |url=https://goobjoog.com/somaliland-muuse-biixi-oo-magacaabay-qaar-ka-mid-ah-guddoomiyeyaasha-degmooyinka/0/ |accessdate=2022-04-24 }}</ref> | 29 June 2020<ref name=dj20200629>{{Cite news |title=Madaxweynaha Somaliland oo magacaabay guddoomiyaal |newspaper=daljir.com |date=2020-06-29 |url=https://www.daljir.com/madaxweynaha-somaliland-oo-magacaabay-guddoomiyaal/ |accessdate=2022-04-24 }}</ref> |- | [[Mohammed Ahmed Alin]] Timbaro | Maxamed Axmed Caalin Yuusuf | 29 June 2020<ref name=dj20200629/> | 25 June 2023 | |- | Hassan Dahir Haddi | Xasan Daahir Xaddi | 25 June 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qarannews.com/m-weyne-muuse-biixi-oo-xilal-cusub-u-magacaabay/|title= President Muse Bihi names new positions|date=23 June 2023}}</ref> | Xilka haya |} ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Awdal]] [[Golaha Wasiirada Somaliland]] ==Tixraac== 9vbvwpxevjsfmpl020nkry90h88xdrk 0 42857 308231 297839 2026-09-17T00:23:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Alanis Guillen | image = AlanisGuillen2023.jpg | alt = | caption = Guillen sanadka 2023 | birth_name = Alanis Guillen Caratella | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|05|20|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Santo André, São Paulo|Santo André]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], Brazil | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = {{Hlist|Actress|model}} | website = | years_active = 2018–hada | spouse = | children = | notable_works = }} '''Alanis Guillen Caratella''' ( Bortuqiisku: [alɐˈnis ɡjˈleĩ kaɾaˈtɛlɐ] ; ku dhashay 20 May 1998) waa jilaa reer [[Brazil]] ah iyo moodel ==Taariikh nololeedka== Alanis Guillen Caratella, waxa uu dhashay May 20, 1998, waa gabadha hooyadeed naqshadeeye iyo injineer iyo aabbe muusik. Waxay bilawday shaqadeeda iyada oo ka qaybqaadanaysa xayaysiisyada iyada oo caruur ah, iyada oo lagu shaqaaleysiiyay noocyo ay ka mid yihiin Nestlé , Marisa, Nextel iyo Mercado Livre . Dabadeed, iyadoo dhallinyar ah, waxay qaadatay koorsooyin masraxa iyo qoob ka ciyaarka oo bilaash ah, ka dibna waxay ka qalin jabisay fanka. Kullankeedii ugu horreeyay ee telefishinka wuxuu dhacay da'da 21, iyada oo ah jilaagii Rita ee Malhação: Toda Forma de Amar , oo la soo bandhigay 2019 iyo 2020. 2021, waxaa loo doortay inay ku ciyaarto jilaha Juma Marruá, ee la qabsiga telenovela Pantanal , oo uu soo saaray TV Globo . U diyaargarowgeeda doorka waxay ku lug lahayd daraasad qadiimi ah , daraasad miiska, beddelka caadooyinka, Kung Fu dhaqanka, casharrada fuulista, casharrada prosody, iyo waxqabadyo kale. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Alanis waxa ay isu cadeeysay in ay tahay nin dumar ah oo ay sheegtay in aanay jeclayn calaamadaha sida heterosexual ama bisexual , iyada oo door bida in ay "isku xidhid dadka". Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadu waa u dhaqdhaqaaqe deegaanka waxayna isticmaashay Instagram si ay u dhaleecayso dawladda Jair Bolsonaro iyo faashiistaha . Iyadu waa orodyahan hiwaayad ah, oo si joogto ah ugu tababarta Muay Thai . Baraha bulshada ayay aktarada ku faafisay qoraallo ay ku ammaanayso haweeneyda iyo dumarnimadeeda. "Haweenka ha noolaadaan iyo tamarta dheddigga ee qof walba ku jira," ayay ku qortay ciwaanka muuqaal ay ka muuqato mid ku dayanaya mas, oo la daabacay November 2020 Alanis wuxuu leeyahay galmo dareere ah . ==Filmography== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Sannadka !Ciwaanka !Doorka !Xusuusin |- |2019–2020 |''[[Malhação|Malhação: Toda Forma de Amar]]'' |Rita Gomes Moraes<ref>{{cite web |access-date=7 March 2019 |publisher=Notícias de TV |title=Giulia Bertolli será filha de Roger Gobeth na nova temporada de Malhação |date=11 February 2019 |url=https://noticiasdetv.com/2019/02/11/giulia-bertolli-sera-filha-de-roger-gobeth-em-malhacao-toda-forma-de-amar/}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |Season 27 |- |2022 |''[[Pantanal (2022 TV series)|Pantanal]]'' |Juma Marruá<ref name="imprensa">{{cite web |date=2021-09-20 |title=Alanis Guillen será Juma na nova versão de Pantanal |url=https://imprensa.globo.com/publicacoes/alanis-guillen-sera-juma-na-nova-versao-de-pantanal-1/ |website=Globo Imprensa}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | |- |2024–2025 |''[[Mania de Você]]'' |Michele dos Santos Nogueira<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2024-04-19 |date=2024-03-28 |language=pt-BR |title=Sucesso como Juma em 'Pantanal', Alanis Guillen volta à Globo em próxima novela das nove |url=https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/televisao/2024/03/sucesso-como-juma-em-pantanal-alanis-guillen-volta-a-globo-em-proxima-novela-das-nove.shtml |website=F5}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | |- |2025 |''Vermelho Sangue'' |Flora<ref>{{cite web |access-date=30 November 2023 |date=27 November 2023 |publisher=O Globo |title=Veja a primeira foto de 'Espécie invasora', série de Rosane Svartman e Claudia Sardinha que tem Alanis Guillen no elenco |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/play/series/noticia/2023/11/27/veja-a-primeira-foto-de-especie-invasora-serie-de-rosane-svartman-e-claudia-sardinha-que-tem-alanis-guillen-no-elenco.ghtml}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | |} === Film === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Sannadka !Ciwaanka !Doorka !Xusuusin |- |2018 |''Ser O Que Se É'' |Marta's friend |Short film |- |2023 |''Diário de Uma Onça'' |Narrator<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alanis Guillen narra documentário sobre onças-pintadas |date=28 November 2023 |url=https://gshow.globo.com/tudo-mais/noticia/alanis-guillen-narra-documentario-sobre-oncas-pintadas.ghtml}}</ref> |Documentary |} ==Abaalmarinta iyo magacaabista== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" !Abaalmarinta !Sannadka !Qaybta !Shaqada !Natiijooyinka !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="2" |Prêmio Contigo! Online | rowspan="2" |2019 |TV Revelation |''Malhação: Toda Forma de Amar'' |{{Nominated}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web | url=https://contigo.uol.com.br/noticias/exclusivas/premio-contigo-online-2019-veja-a-lista-completa-dos-vencedores.phtml | trans-title= | url-status=dead | title=Prêmio Contigo! Online 2019 - Veja a lista completa dos vencedores | last=Contigo! | first=Redação | author-link= | format= | series= | volume= | issue= | editor= | publisher= | agency= | location= | page= | pages= | date=2020-01-13 | access-date=2021-10-27 | language=pt-br | doi= | id= | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114021846/https://contigo.uol.com.br/noticias/exclusivas/premio-contigo-online-2019-veja-a-lista-completa-dos-vencedores.phtml | archive-date=2020-01-14 | quote= | chapter= | issn= | isbn= | type= | editor-last= | editor-first= | website=Contigo! }}</ref> |- |Best Romantic Couple |Rita and Filipe {{small|(with Pedro Novaes)}} |{{Nominated}} |- |[[2022 MTV MIAW Awards Brazil|MTV Millennial Awards]] | rowspan="16" |2022 |Watched for You | rowspan="21" |''[[Pantanal (2022 TV series)|Pantanal]]'' |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-23 |title=Confira as categorias e indicados do MTV Miaw 2022 |url=https://istoe.com.br/confira-as-categorias-e-indicados-do-mtv-miaw-2022/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=ISTOÉ Independente |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Prêmio Jovem Brasileiro |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-27 |title=Prêmio Jovem Brasileiro |url=https://www.band.uol.com.br/entretenimento/premio-jovem-brasileiro/pjb-2024 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.band.uol.com.br |language=pt-BR |archive-date=2025-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130214727/https://www.band.uol.com.br/entretenimento/premio-jovem-brasileiro/pjb-2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Prêmio Geração Glamour |Revelation Actress |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-24 |title=Geração Glamour 2022 Máxima Potência: conheça as premiadas da edição |url=https://glamour.globo.com/geracao-glamour/noticia/2022/10/geracao-glamour-2022-maxima-potencia-conheca-as-premiadas-da-edicao.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Glamour |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Prêmio Men of the Year Brasil |Women of the Year |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=MOTY 2022 une as tribos dos esportes, da cultura e da moda |url=https://gq.globo.com/men-of-the-year/noticia/2022/11/moty-2022-une-esportes-cultura-moda.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=GQ |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Capricho Awards |National Artist of the Year (Cinema and TV) |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=CH Awards: Veja os indicados e vote nos destaques do ano de 2022 |url=https://capricho.abril.com.br/entretenimento/ch-awards-veja-os-indicados-e-vote-nos-destaques-do-ano-de-2022/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Capricho |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CH Awards 2022: confira a lista completa de vencedores |url=https://capricho.abril.com.br/entretenimento/ch-awards-2022-confira-a-lista-completa-de-vencedores/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Capricho |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Prêmio Notíciasdetv.com |Best Revelation Actress |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Segunda Fase – Prêmio Noticiasdetv.com 2022: Escolha os Melhores do Ano na TV |url=https://noticiasdetv.com/2022/11/01/segunda-fase-premio-noticiasdetv-com-2022-escolha-os-melhores-do-ano-na-tv/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Noticiasdetv.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Melhores do Ano NaTelinha |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NaTelinha - Televisão, Notícias da TV, Novelas, Famosos, Audiência da TV, A Fazenda, Bastidores - Aqui você fica por dentro da TV |url=https://natelinha.uol.com.br/melhores-do-ano/votacao |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=NaTelinha |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Acervo Awards |Actress of the Year |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite news |last=@AcervoCharts |first=ACERVO {{!}} |title=Acervo Awards 2022: Veja a lista completa dos vencedores |url=https://portalacervo.com.br/noticia/2135/acervo-awards-2022-veja-a-lista-completa-dos-vencedores |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413015031/https://portalacervo.com.br/noticia/2135/acervo-awards-2022-veja-a-lista-completa-dos-vencedores |archive-date=2023-04-13 |access-date=2025-02-01 |work=ACERVO {{!}} @AcervoCharts |language=pt-BR |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |dead-url=no }}</ref> |- |[[Melhores do Ano]] |Best Telenovela Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-27 |title=Melhores do Ano: vote e veja a lista oficial dos indicados ao prêmio em 2022 |url=https://gshow.globo.com/tv/domingao-com-huck/melhores-do-ano/2022/noticia/melhores-do-ano-vote-e-veja-a-lista-oficial-dos-indicados-ao-premio-em-2022.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=gshow |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Romano |first=André |date=2022-12-19 |title=Confira quem são os vencedores do Troféu Domingão Melhores do Ano 2022 |url=https://observatoriodatv.com.br/colunas/andre-romano/confira-quem-sao-os-vencedores-do-trofeu-domingao-melhores-do-ano-2022 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=observatoriodatv.com.br |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |BreakTudo Awards |National Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=EldoGomes.com.br |first=Editores {{!}} |date=2022-11-25 |title=BreakTudo Awards 2022: Juliette, Felipe Neto, BTS, Luan Santana e Blackpink são maiores os vencedores do ano |url=https://www.eldogomes.com.br/breaktudo-awards-2022-juliette-felipe-neto-bts-luan-santana-e-blackpink-sao-maiores-os-vencedores-do-ano/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Blog Eldo Gomes |language=pt-BR |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2025-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121060839/https://www.eldogomes.com.br/breaktudo-awards-2022-juliette-felipe-neto-bts-luan-santana-e-blackpink-sao-maiores-os-vencedores-do-ano/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- |Prêmio Contigo! Online |Best Telenovela Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Contigo! |first=Redação |title=PRÊMIO CONTIGO! 2022: Confira a lista completa dos indicados |url=https://contigo.com.br/noticias/premio-contigo-online/premio-contigo-2022-confira-lista-completa-com-os-indicados.phtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Contigo! |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Assumpção |first=Gustavo |title=PRÊMIO CONTIGO! 2022: Confira a lista completa dos vencedores |url=https://contigo.com.br/noticias/premio-contigo-online/premio-contigo-2022-confira-lista-completa-dos-vencedores.phtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Contigo! |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Melhores do Ano AnaMaria |Actress of the Year |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melhores do Ano AnaMaria: Quem foi a atriz do ano em 2022? |url=https://anamaria.uol.com.br/noticias/programacao-da-tv/melhores-do-ano-anamaria-quem-foi-atriz-do-ano-em-2022.phtml |url-status=dead |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |access-date=2025-10-13 |archive-date=2024-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619033729/https://anamaria.uol.com.br/noticias/programacao-da-tv/melhores-do-ano-anamaria-quem-foi-atriz-do-ano-em-2022.phtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- |Splash Awards |Best Performance |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Splash Awards: veja lista dos melhores nomes do entretenimento de 2022 |url=https://www.uol.com.br/splash/noticias/2022/12/14/splash-awards-2022.amp.htm |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.uol.com.br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TV, cinema, reality, séries: quais os vencedores do Splash Awards 2022? - 19/12/2022 - UOL Splash |url=https://www.uol.com.br/splash/noticias/2022/12/19/tv-cinema-reality-series-quais-os-vencedores-do-splash-awards-2022.amp.htm |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.uol.com.br}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Prêmio Área VIP |Best Actress |{{Nominated}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Wandreza |date=2023-01-14 |title=Prêmio Área VIP - Melhores da Mídia 2022 – VOTE! |url=https://www.areavip.com.br/premio/melhores-da-midia-2022/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Área VIP |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Redação |date=2023-01-18 |title=Confira os Vencedores do "Prêmio Área VIP – Melhores da Mídia 2022" |url=https://www.areavip.com.br/premio/vencedores-premio-area-vip-melhores-da-midia-2022/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Área VIP |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Best Character (as Juma Marruá) |{{Nominated}} |- |Poc Awards |Actress (Popular Vote) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.gay.blog.br |date=2022-12-24 |title=🏆 Conheça os vencedores do troféu ~Poc Awards 2022~ |url=https://gay.blog.br/poc-awards/conheca-os-vencedores-do-trofeu-poc-awards-2022/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=GAY BLOG BR @gayblogbr |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Troféu Internet | rowspan="5" |2023 |Best Revelation |{{Pending}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revelação (novos artistas. Quem você acha que mais se destacou no ano de 2022)? |url=https://www.sbt.com.br/especiais/trofeu-internet#votacao |url-status=dead |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=www.sbt.com.br |archive-date=2022-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104134405/https://www.sbt.com.br/especiais/trofeu-internet#votacao }}</ref> |- |[[IBest Award]] |Protagonist Influencer |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prêmio iBest {{!}} O Prêmio e Guia do Universo Digital |url=https://app.premioibest.com/votacao/influenciador-protagonista |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325214833/https://app.premioibest.com/votacao/influenciador-protagonista |archive-date=2023-03-25 |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Prêmio iBest 2021 |language=pt-br |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |dead-url=no }}</ref> |- |Prêmio Faz Diferença |She |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-01 |title=Prêmio Faz Diferença 2022: as finalistas na categoria Ela |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/premio-faz-diferenca/noticia/2023/04/premio-faz-diferenca-2022-as-finalistas-na-categoria-ela.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=O Globo |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |SEC Awards |Featured on TV |{{Pending}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=CM |first=Redação |date=2023-05-03 |title=SEC Awards 2023: confira lista de indicados e como votar na premiação deste ano |url=https://conexaomagazine.com.br/sec-awards-2023-confira-lista-de-indicados-e-como-votar-na-premiacao-deste-ano/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Conexão Magazine |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |Septimius Awards Festival |Best American Actress |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-23 |title=Alanis Guillen é indicada a prêmio internacional por sua atuação como Juma, em Pantanal |url=https://gshow.globo.com/cultura-pop/famosos/noticia/alanis-guillen-e-indicada-a-premio-internacional-por-sua-atuacao-como-juma-em-pantanal.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=gshow |language=pt-br}}</ref> |} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons|Category:Alanis Guillen|Alanis Guillen}} [[imdbname:10824672|Alanis Guillen]]<nowiki/>oo jooga IMDb 0ru4k1spg7xc04izt5f3y4ripq2r9kt 0 42984 308232 305485 2026-09-17T00:36:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = Anchal Joseph | image = | imagesize = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|3}} | birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India | nationality = Ameerikaan | height = 5 ft 10.5 in | haircolor = Madow | eyecolor = Bunni | agency = Elite Miami, Maamulka Gobolka, MMG New York }} '''Anchal Joseph''' (wuxuu dhashay Janaayo 3, 1987) waa moodeel moodada Hindida ah iyo jilaa. Waxay caan ku tahay ka qaybqaadashada xilliga toddobaad ee Qaabka Xiga ee Ameerika ee 2006, iyo sidoo kale inay ka soo muuqato Deal ama No Deal sidii moodal shandad ah 2018 CNBC dib-u-boot. Waxay sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay boggaga Vogue Paris, waxayna ka soo muuqatay taxanaha telefishanka ee Collar White , Gabadha xanta , iyo xanuunka Royal. ==Nolosha hore== Anchal waxay ku dhalatay New Delhi , Hindiya qoys Malayali ah , laakiin qoyskeedu waxay u guureen Miami, Florida , markay ahayd lix jir, wax yar ka dib markii Hurricane Andrew ku dhuftey aagga Hooyadeed waxay ahayd kalkaaliye caafimaad Anchal waxay jirtay sagaal iyo toban jir markii la eegay si ay isugu daydo Maraykanka Next Top Model, Cycle 7 ; ANTM ka hor waxay sidoo kale u qaabaysay Zoom Magazine iyo French Vogue . ==Qaabka Sare ee Xiga ee Ameerika== Joseph wuxuu ahaa tartame lixaad (ka dib Melrose Bickerstaff, Jaeda Young, Michelle Babin, Eugena Washington iyo Brooke Miller) si loo doorto inuu ka qaybqaato wareegga toddobaad ee Maraykanka ee Next Top Model waxaana loo sheegay markii ay daadisay martigeliyaha Tyra Banks inay ahayd mid ka mid ah tartamayaasha ugu quruxda badan ee abid ka qaybqaata tartanka. Iyadoo inta badan lagu ammaani jiray tayada faylalka ay ku jirto, kalsooni la'aanteeda waxaa inta badan xusay guddiga garsoorka. Intii ay joogtay, Joseph waxa loo doortay CoverGirl ee toddobaadka daawadayaasha laba jeer oo isku xigta. Waxay heshay hal mar oo labaad iyo mid saddexaad oo la soo wacay. Ka dib markii ay diideen inay si buuxda uga qaybqaataan caqabad u baahan in ay qabato hawl iyada oo muujinaysa shucuur aan caadi ahayn ( qoob-ka-cayaarka ), garsoorayaashu waxay meesha ka saareen Joseph toddobaad ee Los Angeles intii lagu jiray muuqaalkeedii kaliya ee abid ugu hooseeya ee Michelle Babin ayaa ka badbaaday markii ugu horeysay abid. Joseph ayaa kiciyay qaar ka mid ah murannada markii ay ka hadashay xaqiiqda ah in dadka timaha fudud, maqaarka ama indhaha loo arko inay si fiican u eegayaan Hindiya, markii la waydiiyay xiriirkeeda buluugga ah ee Tyra Banks , iyo inay rabtay inay ku adkaysato fikradahaas. ==Xirfadda qaabaynta iyo jilidda== Joseph waxa lagu soo bandhigay boggaga Vogue Paris iyo ZOOM Magazine. Waxay samaysay muuqaallo waxayna doorar ku lahayd inta u dhaxaysa 2010 iyo 2011 ee Colar White , Gabadha xanta ah iyo xanuunka Royal . Waxay sidoo kale ka qaybqaadatay waxqabad lagu horumarinayo ka- hortagga AIDS-ka . Bishii Luulyo 2018, Yuusuf wuxuu ka qaybqaatay duubista nooc cusub oo Deal ama No Deal , oo loogu talagalay CNBC ; Shandad #22 ayay sitay. Ka dib markii ANTM Joseph uu la saxeexday sawir qaade Manny Roman oo ka caawiyay inay qaado tillaabo kale oo ay ku gasho qaabaynteeda iyo xirfadeeda jilitaanka, isaga oo u ballansan wargeyska Night Weekly Magazine, Artemis Allure Models Magazine, I AM CERA show / FUNKSHION Fashion Week, Lila Nikole Show / Rock Fashion Week, Bandhigga Dharka Cas si ay uga faa'iidaystaan ​​Ururka Wadnaha Mareykanka ee Setai Hotel ee Koonfurta Xeebta iyada oo qayb ka ah Funkshion Fashion Week. Waxa kale oo uu u ballansaday inay la-shaqayso SFL Live Kristin Anderson. Roman hadda ma matalo Yuusuf oo waxay la dhigtay MEGA Models Miami. Waxay u qaabaysay Sofi Swimwear. Waxay sidoo kale ka qaybqaadatay dhowr toddobaad oo Fashion Miami ah . Waxaa loo qorsheeyay in ay ka soo muuqato Halogen TV 's "Nobel Exchange," iyo sidoo kale doorka agaasimaha Garry Marshall ee filimka sanadka cusub . ==Tixraac== [https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/anchal-joseph-wants-to-act-in-bollywood/story-6OATSVWIJOSAB9iDRhh75M.html "Anchal Joseph wuxuu rabaa inuu wax ka jilo Bollywood"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=t5PlT9B4CM0C&q=%22anchal+joseph%22&pg=PA340 Jinsiga iyo Barashada Haweenka Kanada: Dhul Halis ah] [https://www.tvguide.com/news/americas-model-anchal-41185.aspx "Modelka Sare ee Xiga Ameerika: Anchal waxay ciyaartaa ciyaarta eedda - Wararka Maanta: Qaadashadayada"] [https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BloVJwEBlZP "Anchal on Instagram: "Waxaan u heesayaa sida canary🐥! Eeg waxa aan halkaas ku sameeyay? 😁😝 Waan ku faraxsanahay inaan UGU DANBEYN ku dhawaaqo inaan la joogi doono @dealornodealcnbc @howiemandel! 🤗 tag..."]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Anchal_Joseph/ "Anchal Joseph - Model Fashion - Profile on FMD"] [https://www.toofab.com/2011/01/21/jim-carrey-anchal-joseph-dating-how-they-met "KALIYA TOOFAB! Sidee Jim Carrey ula kulmay 'Model-kiisa Sare' Taariikhdiisa!"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.toofab.com/2011/01/21/jim-carrey-anchal-joseph-dating-how-they-met |date=20250512083310 }}{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:2478228|Anchal Joseph]] [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] qv9sgz2a7t6kx0srdj8rcxddihrezgv 0 43395 308341 300258 2026-09-17T08:13:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Memoona Qudoos | image = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Memoona Qudoos Butt | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|8|15|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Rawalpindi]], [[Pakistan]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Islaamiga Caalamiga ah, Islamabad]] | occupation = {{Hlist | Jilaa | Model}} | years_active = 2016 – hada | spouse = {{marriage|Sohail|2019}} | children = }} '''Memoona Qudoos''' (dhashay 15 August 1995) waa atariisho iyo moodoow Pakistani ah. Waxay caan ku tahay doorkeeda bandhigyada telefishinka sida GT Road, Guddu, Farq, Nikah, Kalank, Umm-e-Haniya, iyo Jaisay Aapki Marzi. ==Nolosha hore== Memoona waxay ku dhalatay Islamabad waxayna waxbarashadeeda ku dhameysatay Mass Communication Jaamacadda Caalamiga ah ee Islaamka, Islamabad . ==Xirfad== Intii ay wax baranaysay waxay xiisaynaysay jihaynta, soo saarista, qoraalka qoraalka iyo habaynta muuqaalka ka dib waxay tababar ku qaadatay PTV in muddo ah ka hor intaysan u wareegin Karachi Sannadkii 2016 waxay bilawday inay u shaqeyso sidii moodal loogu talagalay noocyada moodada iyo xayaysiisyada. Isla sannadkaas waxa loo soo bandhigay riwaayado badan oo ay agaasimayaashu sameeyeen Sanadkii 2017 jilaaga Aijaz Aslam waxa uu u soo bandhigay door ku saabsan soo saaristiisa riwaayadeed ee Chaiyeh Thora Pyar taaso ay ka aqbashay waxayna samaysay doorka Saba; Ka dib, atariishada Javeria Saud waxay ku jishay riwaayadda Mohabbat Zindagi oo ay ku samaysay doorka Saba waxay heshay faallooyin wanaagsan Riwaayadihii badnaa ee markii danbe ka shaqeeyay waxaa ka mid ahaa Umm-e-Haniya , Kyunke Ishq Baraye Farookht Nahi , GT Road iyo Siyani Sannadkii 2020 waxay ka shaqeysay riwaayad Turki ah Khuda Gawah waxayna sidoo kale baratay luqadda Turkiga doorkeeda Waxay sidoo kale ka shaqeysay riwaayadaha Marz-e-Ishq , Guddu , Farq , Behroop , Nikah iyo Agar Tum Mere Hote . Waxay kaloo ka soo muuqatay riwaayadaha Ziddi , Kalank , Makafaat Season 5 , Yehi to Pyar Hai iyo Sukoon . Sanadkii 2023 waxay ka shaqeysay riwaayadda Jaisay Aapki Marzi taasoo ay ku sameysay doorka Shehna waxaa Director ka ah Saba Hameed waxaana qortay Naila Zehra Jafri. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Waxay guursatay Sohail ganacsade sannadkii 2019. ==Filmography== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka ! scope="col"|Shabakada |- |2017 | ''Chaiyeh Thora Pyar'' | Saba | [[Play Entertainment]] |- |2017 | ''Mohabbat Zindagi Hai'' | Beena | [[Express Entertainment]] |- |2018 | ''[[Umm-e-Haniya]]'' | Shazia | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2018 | ''Kyunke Ishq Baraye Farokht Nahi'' | Shanzay | [[A-Plus TV|A-Plus]] |- |2019 | ''[[Mazaaq Raat]]'' | Herself | [[Dunya News]] |- |2019 | ''[[GT Road (TV series)|GT Road]]'' | Feroza | [[A-Plus TV|A-Plus]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailypakistan.com.pk/15-Oct-2019/1034393|title=ڈرامہ سیریل"جی ٹی روڈ"کل سے نجی ٹی وی پر آن ائیر ہوگی|website=Daily Pakistan|date=8 May 2020|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=12 Bisha Saddexaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312081036/https://dailypakistan.com.pk/15-Oct-2019/1034393|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.roznama92news.com/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81-%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88-%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1-%DA%AF%DB%8C|title=ڈرامہ سیریز"جی ٹی روڈ16" اکتوبر کو آن ائیر ہوگی|website=Daily 92 News|date=4 July 2021}}</ref> |- |2019 | ''[[Mazaaq Raat]]'' | Herself | [[Dunya News]] |- |2020 | ''Khuda Gawah'' | Momina | [[Geo TV]] |- |2020 | ''Taron Sey Karen Batain'' | Herself | [[GNN (Pakistani TV channel)|GNN]] |- |2020 | ''[[Mazaaq Raat]]'' | Herself | [[Dunya News]] |- |2021 | ''Marz-e-Ishq'' | Aniya | SAB TV |- |2021 | ''Taron Sey Karen Batain'' | Herself | [[GNN (Pakistani TV channel)|GNN]] |- |2022 | ''Siyani'' | Maira | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2022 | ''[[Guddu (TV series)|Guddu]]'' | Sharmeen | [[Geo TV]] |- |2022 | ''Farq'' | Faryal | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2023 | ''Nikah'' | Maham | [[Geo TV]] |- |2023 | ''Agar Tum Mere Hote'' | Sundus | LTN Family |- |2023 | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 5]]'' | Sehrish | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2023 | ''Behroop'' | Khalida | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2023 | ''Sotailay'' | Tania | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2023 | ''Ziddi'' | Samra | Aan TV |- |2023 | ''Kalank'' | Sheena | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bolnews.com/latest/2023/08/hira-mani-junaid-khan-to-feature-in-a-drama-together/|title=Hira Mani & Junaid Khan to feature in a drama together|website=BOL News|date=19 August 2023|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=12 Bisha Saddexaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312134248/https://www.bolnews.com/latest/2023/08/hira-mani-junaid-khan-to-feature-in-a-drama-together/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2023 | ''Yehi to Pyar Hai'' | Natasha | [[A-Plus TV|A-Plus]] |- |2023 | ''[[Jaisay Aapki Marzi]]'' | Shehna | [[ARY Digital]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arynews.tv/dur-e-fishan-saleem-on-new-serial-jaisay-aapki-marzi/|title=Talk about marzi, consent: Dur-e-Fishan Saleem on her new serial|website=ARY News|date=24 August 2023}}</ref> |- |2023 | ''Mein Kahani Hun'' | Sophie | [[Express Entertainment]] |- |2023 | ''Sukoon'' | Natasha | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2024 | ''Raaz'' | Mysterious girl | Green Entertainment |- |2024 | ''[[Dikhawa|Dikhawa Season 5]]'' | Areeba | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2024 | ''Dao'' | Nisha | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2024 | ''Meri Shahzadiyan'' | Tehseen | [[BOL Network|BOL Entertainment]] |- |2024 | ''Barat Nahi Aaii'' | Hoor | Set Entertainment |- |2024 | ''Tauba'' | Shazia | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2025 | ''Ishq Mubarak'' | Nasreen | Set Entetainment |- |2025 | ''Sehan'' | Seemi | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2025 | ''Ism-e-Yaraan'' | Tania | [[Hum TV]] |} ===Taxanaha shabakada=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align: center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka ! scope="col"|Shabakada |- |2023 | ''Mor Chaal'' | Ramsha | Green Entertainment |} === Filim === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Year ! scope="col"|Title ! scope="col"|Role |- |2018 | ''DNC'' | Mother |- |2023 | ''Dil Punjabi'' | Saira |- |2023 | ''Nageena'' | Nageena |- |TBA | ''Love in London'' |TBA |} ==Tixraac== [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOdSL_6xXws "The Night Show with Ayaz Samoo | Memoona Qudoos"] [https://www.roznama92news.com/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AC%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8 "ڈرامہ "جی ٹی روڈ" ٹی وی ناظRIN کی توجہ حاصل کرنی میں KAamiab»] [https://arynews.tv/dur-e-fishan-saleem-reacts-jaisay-aapki-marzi-reviews/ "Mar walba waan ooyaa...": Dur-e-Fishan Saleem wuxuu ka falceliyaa 'Jaisay Aapki Marzi' faallooyinka"] [https://urdu.arynews.tv/dur-e-fishan-saleems-goofy-pictures-go-viral/ " درفشاں سليم نو کرای که ساحل سے تصویر شيئر کردیں"] [https://www.bolnews.com/latest/2023/08/hira-mani-junaid-khan-to-feature-in-a-drama-together/ "Hira Mani & Junaid Khan oo ay wada jilayaan riwaayad] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bolnews.com/latest/2023/08/hira-mani-junaid-khan-to-feature-in-a-drama-together/ |date=20250312134248 }} [https://arynews.tv/dur-e-fishan-saleem-on-new-serial-jaisay-aapki-marzi/ "Ka hadal marzi, ogolaanshaha: Dur-e-Fishan Saleem on her new serial"]{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:14923549|Memoona Qudoos]] ee [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] d9t0wdtg8eficbn5881olno11djrqwm 0 43399 308324 286214 2026-09-17T05:37:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hina Rizvi | image = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Shermeen Rizvi | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|3|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab]], [[Bakistaan]] | education = Jaamacadda Westminster | occupation = Jilaa | years_active = 2003 – hada | spouse = {{marriage|Ammar Ahmed Khan|2024}} | parents = | relatives = [[Sangeeta (Pakistani actress)|Sangeeta]] (sister)<br>[[Kaveeta]] (sister)<br>[[Jiah Khan]] (niece) }} '''Hina Rizvi''' (waxay dhalatay 16-kii Maarso 1980) waa jilaa Pakistani ah. waxa ay caan ku tahay doorkeda riwaayadaha Urdu TV ee Tishnagi Dil Ki , Umeed , Hari Hari Churiyan , Neeli Zinda Hai iyo Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah ==Nolosha hore== Hina waxa ay ku dhalatay 16 March 1980 in Lahore , Pakistan Waxay dhammaysay waxbarashadeeda Jaamacadda England ee Westminster. Hina hooyadeed Mehtab Rizvi waxay ahayd sawir-qaade, soo saare iyo aabaheed Tayyab Hussain Rizvi wuxuu ahaa soo saare. ==Xirfad== Hina waxay soo bandhigtay filimkeedii ugu horeeyay ee jilaanimo ee PTV's sitcom Shortcut sanadkii 2003 iyada oo ay kasoo horjeeday Faysal Qureshi Waxaa lagu xusay doorkeeda riwaayadaha Main Soteli , Babul Ki Duayen Leti Ja , Yehi Hai Zindagi , Yehi Hai Zindagi Xiliga 2 , Aap Ko Kya Takleef Hai iyo Jaltay Khwab . Waxay kaloo kasoo muuqatay riwaayadaha Ullu Baraye Farookht Nahi , Kalmoohi , Rishton Ki Dor iyo Bunty I Love You , Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah . Tan iyo markaas waxay ka soo muuqatay riwaayadaha Tere Bina , Mehram , Tishnagi Dil Ki iyo Umeed . Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay filimada Ishq Positive , Balu Mahi iyo Halla Gulla . ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Hina walaasheed ka weyn Sangeeta iyo Kaveeta labaduba waa atirisho Hina walaalkeed ka weyn Raza Ali Rizvi wuxuu kaloo ahaa soo saare Sidoo kale waa eeddada Jiah Khan oo ah atariishada British American ah Sannadkii 2024 ayay guursatay Aktarka caanka ah ee Ammar Ahmed Khan. ==Filmography== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka ! scope="col"|Shabakada |- |2003 | ''Shortcut'' | Najma | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2011 | ''Dil Behkay Ga'' | Javi Begum | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2011 | ''[[Kountry Luv]]'' | Naheed | [[A-Plus TV|A-Plus]] |- |2012 | ''Shashlik Xtra Hot'' | Munni | [[Geo TV]] |- |2012 | ''[[Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah]]'' | Rizwana | [[ARY Digital]]<ref name=BOLNews/> |- |2013 | ''[[Kalmoohi]]'' | Khairan | [[Geo TV]] |- |2013 | ''[[Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi]]'' | Fatima | [[Hum TV]] |- |2013 | ''Main Soteli'' | Fouzia | [[Urdu 1]] |- |2014 | ''Babul Ki Duayen Leti Ja'' | Nighat | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2014 | ''[[Bunty I Love You]]'' | Mehnaz | [[Hum TV]] |- |2014 | ''[[Bashar Momin]]'' | Zafar's wife | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref name=BOLNews/> |- |2014 | ''[[Mehram]]'' | Habiba | [[Hum TV]] |- |2015 | ''Rishton Ki Dor'' | Sofia | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2015 | ''Yehi Hai Zindagi'' | Safina | [[Express Entertainment]] |- |2015 | ''[[Iss Khamoshi Ka Matlab]]'' | Yasmeen | [[Geo TV]] |- |2015 | ''Murada Mai'' | Mona | [[Urdu 1]] |- |2016 | ''[[Mannchali]]'' | Nasreen | [[Geo TV]] |- |2016 | ''Yehi Hai Zindagi Season 2'' | Safina | [[Express Entertainment]] |- |2016 | ''[[Mera Yaar Miladay]]'' | Bibbo Begum | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2017 | ''[[Tere Bina (TV series)|Tere Bina]]'' | Nazia | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2017 | ''Jannat'' | Atif's mother | [[A-Plus TV|A-Plus]] |- |2017 | ''[[Champa Aur Chambeli]]'' | Kami's mother | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2017 | ''[[Tishnagi Dil Ki]]'' | Naima | [[Geo TV]] |- |2017 | ''[[Hari Hari Churiyaan]]'' | Guddi | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2018 | ''Aap Ko Kya Takleef Hai'' | Babra | [[BOL Network|BOL Entertainment]] |- |2018 | ''Mirchiyan'' | Farheen | [[BOL Network|BOL Entertainment]] |- |2018 | ''Jaltay Khwab'' | Raeesa | [[Express Entertainment]] |- |2019 | ''Mera Qasoor'' | Nasreen | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2019 | ''[[Bulbulay (season 2)|Bulbulay Season 2]]'' | Shumaila | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2020 | ''[[Umeed (TV series)|Umeed]]'' | Mrs. Bilgrami | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2021 | ''[[Pehli Si Muhabbat]]'' | Bushra's mother | [[ARY Digital]]<ref name=BOLNews/> |- |2021 | ''[[Neeli Zinda Hai]]'' | Shaista | [[ARY Digital]]<ref name=BOLNews>{{cite web|url=https://www.bolnews.com/latest/2021/09/something-scarier-than-neeli-in-neeli-zinda-hai|title=Something scarier than Neeli in Neeli Zinda Hai|website=BOL News|date=6 September 2021}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |2021 | ''Shatranj'' | Bakhtawar | TV One |- |2021 | ''Sirat-e-Mustaqeem'' | Fatima | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2021 | ''[[Bebasi]]'' | Azra | [[Hum TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2021/08/03/ali-rehman-khan-and-alizeh-shah-to-star-in-hum-tvs-upcoming-drama-lekin|title=Ali Rehman Khan And Alizeh Shah To Star In HUM TV's Upcoming Drama 'Lekin'|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=2 September 2021|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=22 Bisha Todobaad 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722175950/https://galaxylollywood.com/2021/08/03/ali-rehman-khan-and-alizeh-shah-to-star-in-hum-tvs-upcoming-drama-lekin/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 | ''Mein Hari Piya'' | Javeria | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2022 | ''[[Hum Tum (2022 TV series)|Hum Tum]]'' | Nargis | [[Hum TV]] |- |2022 | ''Sirat-e-Mustaqeem Season 2'' | Neelam's aunt | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2022 | ''[[Habs (2022 TV series)|Habs]]'' | Bobby | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2022 | ''Dil-e-Veeran'' | Shabnam | [[ARY Digital]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-09 |title=Dil e Veeran Drama Cast Name, Cast Pics, Story, & Timing |url=https://www.magpakistan.com/dil-e-veeran-drama-cast-name-cast-pics-story-timing/ |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=Mag Pakistan |language=en-US |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2022-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611205451/https://www.magpakistan.com/dil-e-veeran-drama-cast-name-cast-pics-story-timing/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- |2022 | ''[[Taqdeer (2022 TV series)|Taqdeer]]'' | Saleha | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2023 | ''Oye Motti Season 2'' | Amber's mother | [[Express Entertainment]] |- |2023 | ''Ahsaas'' | Bilqees | [[Express Entertainment]] |- |2023 | ''[[Fairy Tale (Pakistani TV series)|Fairy Tale]]'' | Abgheena Pasha | [[Hum TV]] |- |2023 | ''[[Bandish (2019 TV series)|Bandish 2]]'' | Jameela | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2023 | ''College Gate'' | Hina | Green Entertainment |- |2023 | ''[[Fairy Tale (Pakistani TV series)|Fairy Tale Season 2]]'' | Abgheena Pasha | [[Hum TV]] |- |2023 | ''[[101 Talaqain]]'' | Mrs. Raees | Green Entertainment |- |2023 | ''Mera Susraal'' | Nasreen | Aan TV |- |2023 | ''Tera Waada'' | Nighat | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2024 | ''Raaz'' | Malaika | Green Entertainment |- |2024 | ''Tum Mere Kya Ho'' | Shehnaz | [[Hum TV]] |- |2024 | ''Let's Try Mohabbat'' | Khursheed | Green Entertainment |- |2024 | ''Shadi Card'' | Nighat | [[Express Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2492249/shaadi-card-brings-humour-and-twists-to-family-politics|title='Shaadi Card' brings humour and twists to family politics|website=The Express Tribune|date=September 1, 2024}}</ref> |} ===Taxanaha shabakada=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka ! scope="col"|Shabakada |- |2021 | ''Karachi Kahaani'' | Asma | See Prime<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/30-May-2021/teaser-of-web-series-karachi-kahaani-is-out-now|title=Teaser of web series 'Karachi Kahaani' is out now|website=The Nation|date=12 July 2021}}</ref> |} ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |2013 | ''Lady Boxer'' | Munawara |- |2022 | ''Chand Raat Aur Chandni'' | Chandni's mother<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/923477/shahzad-sheikh-and-alizeh-shah-come-together-for-chand-raat-aur-chandni|title=Shahzad Sheikh and Alizeh Shah come together for 'Chand Raat Aur Chandni'|website=Daily Times|date=24 April 2022}}</ref> |- |2022 | ''[[Siwaiyaan]]'' | Rani<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/927017/yasir-and-sonya-tackle-eid-guests-and-a-murder-mystery-in-siwaiyaan|title=Yasir and Sonya tackle Eid guests and a murder mystery in 'Siwaiyaan'|website=Daily Times|date=2 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2022 | ''Aunty Allergy'' | Farzana |} ===Filim=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |2014 | ''[[O21 (film)|O21]]'' | Zarmeenay |- |2015 | ''[[Halla Gulla]]'' | Chatpati<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/62291-pakistan-all-set-for-some-halla-gulla-on-eid-ul-azha|title=Pakistan all set for some 'Halla Gulla' on Eid-ul-Azha|website=The News International|date=10 March 2021}}</ref> |- |2016 | ''[[Ishq Positive]]'' | Neelo |- |2017 | ''[[Balu Mahi]]'' | Hasan's mother<ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2018/03/05/galaxylollywoodawards2018|title=Luxus Grand 4th Galaxy Lollywood Awards 2018 (Nominations)|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=11 March 2021|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=11 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111194826/https://galaxylollywood.com/2018/03/05/galaxylollywoodawards2018/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 | ''[[Khel Khel Mein (2021 film)|Khel Khel Mein]]'' | Hostel's Warden |- |2022 | ''Khilona'' | Firdous |- |2022 | ''[[Quaid-e-Azam Zindabad]]'' | Lady Constable |- |2023 | ''[[Teri Meri Kahaniyaan]]'' | Parlour's owner |- |2023 | ''Mayra Baoo'' | Taniya |} ==Abaalmarinta iyo magacaabista== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sanadka !! Abaalmarinta !! Qaybta !! Natiijada !! Ciwaanka !! Tixraac. |- | 2017 || ''3rd Galaxy Lollywood Awards'' || ''Best Performance in a Comic Role'' || {{Nom}} || ''[[Ishq Positive]]'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2017/03/07/gala2017-winners|title=Winners of 3rd Galaxy Lollywood Awards 2017|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=12 March 2021|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=6 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206085555/https://galaxylollywood.com/2017/03/07/gala2017-winners/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2017/01/26/gala2017|title=3rd Galaxy Lollywood Awards 2017 (Nominations)|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=13 March 2021|access-date=1 April 2021|archive-date=23 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923210127/https://galaxylollywood.com/2017/01/26/gala2017/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 2018 || ''4th Galaxy Lollywood Awards'' || ''Best Special Appearance'' || {{Nom}} || ''[[Balu Mahi]]'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2018/05/15/gala2018-winners|title=Winners of Luxus Grand 4th Galaxy Lollywood Awards 2018|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=14 March 2021|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=5 Bisha Tobnaad 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005200950/https://galaxylollywood.com/2018/05/15/gala2018-winners/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.instagram.com/hina_rizvi_official/ Hina Rizvi] ayaa ku jirta [[Inistigaram|Instagram]] [[imdbname:7501964|Hina Rizvi]] iyo [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] 2i8ed794riz42ozbog4g6ryi4zkahjq 0 43403 308230 297492 2026-09-17T00:05:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Agha Ali | image = | caption = | birth_name = Agha Ali Abbas | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|12|4}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.samaa.tv/entertainment/2020/12/aagha-ali-celebrates-35th-birthday-with-wife-family/|title=Aagha Ali celebrates 35th birthday with wife, family|date=4 December 2020|access-date=14 December 2021|work=[[Samaa TV]]}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|singer|writer|composer|director}} | years_active = 2006–hada | education = [[Shahaadada Bachelor ee Fanka]] (BA) | alma_mater = [[Kulliyadda Christian Forman]] | father = [[Agha Sikandar]] | relations = {{ubl | [[Ali Abbas (jilaa)|Ali Abbas]] (ina adeer)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/i-do-one-drama-to-run-my-house-and-one-for-the-craft-ali-abbas/|title=I do one drama to run my house and one for the craft: Ali Abbas|date=7 December 2020|access-date=16 December 2021|work=Something Haute|archive-date=16 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216162418/https://www.somethinghaute.com/i-do-one-drama-to-run-my-house-and-one-for-the-craft-ali-abbas/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Waseem Abbas]] (Adeer hooyo) | [[Inayat Hussain Bhatti]] (awoowe hooyo | [[Kaifee]] (maternal granduncle) | Ali Sikandar (walaal) | [[Ali Azmat]] (ina adeer hooyo) }} }} '''Aagha Ali Abbas''' (Urdu: آغا علی عباس ; dhashay 4 Diseembar 1985) waa jilaa telefishan Pakistan ah, heesaa, soojeediye, qoraa, qoraa heeso, iyo agaasime. ==Nolosha hore iyo asalka== Aagha Ali waxa uu ku dhashay 4 December 1985 in Lahore , Punjab . Waa wiilka ugu yar ee uu dhalay jilaaga caanka ah ee 1980-meeyadii, Agha Sikandar (d. 1993), laf ahaantiisa waa wiilka uu soddogga u yahay fannaanka caanka ah, jilaa, iyo soo saare Inayat Hussain Bhatti , kaas oo sidaas darteed ah Awowgiis Agha Ali hooyadeed, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu adeer u yahay jilaaga telefishinka Waseem Cabbaas iyo sidoo kale abti ay wada dhasheen Cali Cabbaas Walaalkiis Ali Sikandar sidoo kale waa jilaa iyo qoraa halka fannaanka noqday jilaa, Ali Azmat waa adeerkii hooyadiis Aagha waxa uu shahaadada koowaad ee cilmiga fanka kaga qalin jabiyay Forman Christian College . ==Xirfad== Aagha waxa uu safarkiisa ku bilaabay fanka madadaalada isaga oo wali ku jira jaamacada isaga oo 19 jir ah waxa uu noqday mid firfircoon oo dhanka masraxa ah waxana uu ku jilay jilaa/ heesaa 15 ilaa 20 tiyaatar. Si rasmi ah mihnadiisa TV-ga waxa uu ku soo bilowday 2006-dii isagoo ah anchor-host kanaalka ATV , iyo barnaamijka guusha leh ee Total Round Up . Waxa uu ku guulaystay Abaalmarinta Anchor-ka ugu Fiican isla barnaamijkaas Abaalmarinnada ATV ee 2006dii. Waxa uu shaqadiisa jilida ka bilaabay Yaad Piya Ki Aaye (2005) Sameer ahaan, ka dibna Satrangi (2008) Waxa uu qaatay hakad ku dhawaad ​​saddex sano ah waxbarashadiisa, waxaana mudadaas sameeyay muqaal muusig, "Mera Pehla Rock Song", kaas oo laga bilaabay goobta talefishanka qaranka ee PTV Home ee showga Subaxdii Juggan ee 9kii Janaayo 2013. Doorkiisa hogaamineed ee taxanaha jaceylka ah ee Mein Hari Piya (2012), ee Hum TV , waxaa si wanaagsan u soo dhaweeyay dhaleeceynta iyo dadweynaha, waxaana uu ku muteystay magacaabista abaalmarinta Hum Award ee Jilaaga Saabuunta ugu Fiican Rukhsaar , taxane telefishan oo ka baxa Geo TV , wuxuu helay guulo dheeraad ah Tan waxaa ku xigay daboollada muusiga "Khwab Adhoore Sahi" iyo "Aaj Bhi". 2014, waxa uu jilay Mere Meherbaan , Mehram iyo Digest Writer Shaqadiisu waxay sii martay doorka rockstar ee taxanaha riwaayadaha diinta ee 2015, Khuda Dekh Raha Hai , oo ka soo horjeeda Sajal Aly , kaas oo uu sidoo kale ku heesay heesta cinwaanka Agha wuxuu markaas ciyaaray doorar hogaamineed dhowr taxane ah oo guuleystay, oo ay ku jiraan Andaaz-e-Sitam (2017), Tumhare Hain (2017), Band Khirkiyan (2019), iyo Dil-e-Gumshuda (2019), oo ku daray caannimadiisa Dhawaan waxa uu hormuud ka ahaa riwaayadii aadka loo jeclaa ee Mujhe Khuda Pay Yakeen Hai ee ka bixi jirtay Geo Entertainment . ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Sheekada halganka Aagha iyo ku adkaysiga uu u leeyahay mihnadda warbaahinta ayaa noqotay mid cinwaan looga dhigay, maadaama ay safar adag u ahayd inuu naftiisa dhiso. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku jiray wararka dhowr sano xiriirka uu la lahaa aktarka Sarah Khan , waxayna ahaayeen lamaane caan ah waqtigaas, laakiin wax walba ayaa isbedelay markii ay kala tageen 2019, wuxuu la kulmay Hina Altaf intii lagu guda jiray duubista filimka taxanaha ah ee Dil-e-Gumshuda Lamaanuhu waxay guursadeen xaflad gaar ah oo Nikah ah 22 May 2020, Karachi . laga bilaabo 2023, Aagha iyo Hina waxaa lagu xaman jiray inay kala tageen. Waxa uu ku sheegay mid ka mid ah waraysiyadii uu la yeeshay Ayaz Samoo oo ku saabsan in keligood la noolaado. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa goor dambe si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqay Aagha laftiisa in aysan hadda wada joogin. ==Filmography== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sanadka !! Taxane !! Doorka !! Kanaalka !! Xusuusin |- | 2006 || ''Yaad Piya Ki Aaye'' || Sameer || [[PTV Home]] || |- | rowspan="2"| 2008 || ''[[Satrangi]]'' || Khayyam || [[Geo TV]] || |- || ''Teri Ik Nazar'' || Rameez || Geo TV || |- | 2009 || ''[[Jinnah Ke Naam]]'' || Sameer || [[PTV Home]] || |- | 2010 || ''Mujhe Hai Hukum-e-Azan'' || Jimmy || [[Hum TV]] || |- | rowspan="5"| 2013 || ''[[Mein Hari Piya]]'' || Zawar || Hum TV || Nominated—[[Hum Award for Best Soap Actor]] |- || ''Halki Si Khalish'' || Aamir || Hum TV || |- || ''Agar Tum Na Hote'' || Hammad || [[A-Plus TV]] || |- || ''[[Kami Reh Gaee]]'' || Rizwan || PTV Home ||<ref>{{cite news|title=PTV Home to launch new star-studded drama serial "Kami Reh Gaee"|url=http://pakobserver.net/201302/17/detailnews.asp?id=196393|work=[[Pak Observer]] (newspaper)|date=17 February 2013|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721111523/http://pakobserver.net/201302/17/detailnews.asp?id=196393|archive-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> |- || ''[[Ghundi]]'' || Rehan || [[Hum Sitaray]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1185073|title=The funniest Pakistani shows you should watch to beat lockdown blues|date=12 May 2020|access-date=16 December 2021|work=Images by [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6"| 2014 || ''Shehr-e-Yaran'' || Ahsan || [[ARY Digital]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arydigital.tv/videos/shehr-e-yaran-episode-35/|title=Shehr-e-Yaran|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[ARY Digital]]}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- || ''Arranged Marriage'' || Ahmad || ARY Digital ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arydigital.tv/arranged-marriage/|title=Arranged Marriage|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[ARY Digital]]}}</ref> |- || ''Shab-e-Zindagi'' || Yasir || Hum TV || |- || ''[[Rukhsaar (TV series)|Rukhsaar]]'' || Amaar || Geo TV ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpalgeo.tv/program/rukhsaar#_|title=Rukhsaar|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Geo Entertainment]]}}</ref> |- || ''Bay Emaan Mohabbat'' || Baber || ARY Digital ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arydigital.tv/bay-imaan-mohabbat-2/|title=Baimaan Mohabbat|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[ARY Digital]]}}</ref> |- || ''[[Mere Meherbaan]]'' || Zeeshan || Hum TV || |- | rowspan="3"| 2014–2015 || ''[[Mehram]]'' || Areeb || Hum TV || Also playback singer for the song "Dararien" |- || ''[[Digest Writer]]'' || Shehreyar || Hum TV || |- || ''[[Noori]]'' || Tariq || TVOne || |- | rowspan="6"| 2015 || ''[[Mere Khuda]]'' || Yasir || Hum TV || |- || ''[[Khuda Dekh Raha Hai]]'' || Junaid || A-Plus TV || Also playback singer, writer and composer for the song "Akhiyan Num Num" The OST of the project |- || ''Maamta'' || Maaz || ARY Digital ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arydigital.tv/maamta/|title=Maamta|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[ARY Digital]]}}</ref> |- || ''[[Kis Se Kahoon]]'' || Fahad || PTV Home ||<ref>{{ Cite news |title='کس سے کہوں': پی ٹی وی کا ایک بہترین ڈرامہ|url=https://www.dawnnews.tv/news/1016961|date=15 February 2015|access-date=16 December 2021|work=[[Dawn News]]|language=ur}}</ref> |- || ''Tum Yaad Aye'' || Shehreyar || Ary Digital ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arydigital.tv/tum-yaad-aaye-exclusive-ary-digital-drama/|title=Tum Yaad Aaye|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[ARY Digital]]}}</ref> |- || ''[[Tere Mere Beech]]'' || Fahad || Hum TV ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1148753|title=Hum TV's 'Tere Mere Beech' is getting viewers'|date=2016-01-07|work=HIP|access-date=2021-12-16|language=en-US|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2021-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216161908/https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1148753|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- | 2016 || ''[[Ghalti]]'' || Saim || A-Plus TV ||<ref>{{cite news |url=http://dailytimes.com.pk/life-and-style/09-Oct-16/kaleem-rajputs-gripping-tale-of-facing-pressure-from-parents |title=Kaleem Rajput's gripping tale of facing pressure from parents |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] (newspaper)|date=2016-03-21 |access-date=2021-12-16}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4"| 2017 || ''[[Andaaz-e-Sitam|Andaaz e Sitam]]'' || Wamiq || [[Urdu 1]] || |- || ''Tumhare Hain'' || Rayan || [[ARY Digital]] || |- || ''[[Be Inteha (Serial)|Be Inteha]]'' || Zaid || [[Urdu 1]] || |- || ''[[Bedardi Saiyaan]]'' || Shaani || [[Geo TV]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpalgeo.tv/program/bedardi-saiyaan|title=Bedardi Saiyaan|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Geo Entertainment]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3"| 2018 || ''[[Mere Bewafa]]'' || Shahmeer || [[A-Plus TV]] || Also playback singer, writer and composer for the song "Duhaiyaan" The OST of the project<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/07-Jun-2018/love-reflections-on-life-in-mere-bewafa|title=Love, reflections on life in Mere Bewafa|work=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]]|date=7 June 2018|access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref> |- || ''Khatti Methi Love Story'' || Bilal || [[Express Entertainment]] || |- || ''[[Band Khirkiyan]]'' || Zain || [[Hum TV]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/366811-a|title=Agha Ali says most women in the industry 'are fake', wife Hina is exception|date=24 August 2021|access-date=16 December 2021|work=[[Geo News]]}}</ref> |- | 2019 || ''[[Dil-e-Gumshuda]]'' || Daniyal || [[Geo TV]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/589695-top-drama-serials-on-geo-entertainment-this-year|title=Top drama serials on Geo Entertainment this year|date=28 December 2019|access-date=16 December 2021|work=[[The News International]] (newspaper)}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5"| 2020 || ''Teray Pyar Mai'' || Zaman || [[Geo TV]] || Telefilm<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/9-star-studded-telefilms-you-can-watch-this-eid-ul-azha/|title=9 star-studded telefilms you can watch this Eid ul Azha|date=1 August 2020|access-date=16 December 2021|work=Something Haute|archive-date=16 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216161909/https://www.somethinghaute.com/9-star-studded-telefilms-you-can-watch-this-eid-ul-azha/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- || ''[[Khoob Seerat]]'' || Samar || [[Geo Entertainment|Geo TV]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/30-Apr-2020/nimra-khan-woes-audiences-in-khoob-seerat|work=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]]|date=30 April 2020|access-date=16 December 2021|title=Nimra Khan woes audiences in Khoob Seerat}}</ref> |- || ''[[Dikhawa]]'' || Danish || [[Geo TV]]|| Episode: "Keraye Ki Izzat" |- || ''[[Haqeeqat (2019 TV series)|Haqeeqat]]'' || Armaan || [[A-Plus TV]] || Episode:"Anna"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/567119/mansha-pasha-and-agha-ali-pairing-up-for-telefilm/|title=Mansha Pasha and Agha Ali pairing up for telefilm|date=2020-02-28|website=Daily Times|access-date=2022-01-19}}</ref> |- |''[[Aik Aur Munafiq]]'' |Rashid |[[Geo TV]] |Episode Jholi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpalgeo.tv/detail/11489|title=Aik Aur Munafiq{{!}}Jholi|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Geo Entertainment]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"| 2021 || '' [[Mujhe Khuda Pay Yaqeen Hai]] '' || Hammad || [[Geo Entertainment|Geo TV]]||<ref>{{cite news|url= https://images.dawn.com/news/1187049|title=Aagha Ali's Mujhe Khuda Pe Yaqeen Hai is leading the rating chart with high TRPs|access-date=21 April 2021|work=Images by [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> |- || ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 3]]'' || Salman|| [[Geo Entertainment|Geo TV]]|| Episode: "Usool Aur Sachai"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://phpstack-1262058-4541515.cloudwaysapps.com/program/Makafat-Season-3/12909|title=Makafaat Season 3{{!}}Usool Aur Sachai|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Geo Entertainment]]}}</ref> |- | 2022 |''Zakham'' |Sikander |[[Geo Entertainment|Geo TV]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sumiya |date=2022-07-06 |title=Zakham Drama Cast Name, Cast Pictures, Story, & Timing |url=https://www.magpakistan.com/zakham-drama-cast-name-pictures-story-timing/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=Mag Pakistan |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |2023 |''[[Dhoka (TV series)|Dhoka]]'' |Ahmed |[[ARY Digital]] |- |2024 |''Ishqaway'' |Shahrukh Amin |[[Geo TV]] | |- |2024 |''Habil aur Qabil'' |Haris Qazalbaash |[[Geo TV]] | |- |2025 |''Mohra'' |Sikander Hamdani |[[Geo TV]] | |} ===Taxanaha shabakada=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sanadka !! Ciwaanka !! Doorka !! Shabakada !! Xusuusin |- |2021 |''Raat'' |Ali |UrduFlix |Also The Writer and Director of the project.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://images.dawn.com/news/1188155|title=Aagha Ali shares promotional poster for his directorial debut Raat|date=6 August 2021|access-date=4 December 2021|work=Images by [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> |} === Filim === Agha started shooting for his Debut Action Film under the direction of (Late) Iqbal Kashmiri. Kashmiri died and the film was left incomplete.<ref>{{cite news|author=Wajiha Jawaid|date=4 November 2015|url=https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1148255|title=Agha Ali to play action hero in debut film|work=hipinpakistan|access-date=7 July 2018|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625185808/https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1148255|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sanadka !! Taxane !! Doorka !! Kanaalka !! Xusuusin |- |Rowspan= 2 | 2021 |''Zoya Nay Haan Kardi'' |Ashir |[[Geo Entertainment|Geo TV]] |Teleflim<ref>{{cite news|url= https://images.dawn.com/news/1187154|title=Aagha Ali and Hiba Bukhari battle it out for a house in a new Eid romcom|date=6 May 2021|access-date=4 December 2021|work=Images by [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpalgeo.tv/program/Zoya-Nay-Haan-Kardi|title=Zoya Nay Haan Kardi|access-date=16 December 2021|website=[[Geo Entertainment]]}}</ref> |- |''Shadi hai Impossible'' | |[[ARY Digital]] |Teleflim<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bolnews.com/entertainment/2021/07/telefilms-to-look-out-on-this-eid-ul-adha/|title=Telefilms to look out for on this Eid-ul-Adha|date=20 July 2021|access-date=16 December 2021|work=[[Bol News]]|archive-date=16 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216161907/https://www.bolnews.com/entertainment/2021/07/telefilms-to-look-out-on-this-eid-ul-adha/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan=2|2022 |''Love Life Ka Law'' |Agha |[[Geo TV]] |Telefilm<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-30 |title=Love Life Ka Law Telefilm Cast Name, Pictures, Story, & Timing |url=https://www.magpakistan.com/love-life-ka-law-telefilm-cast-name-pictures-story-timing/ |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=Mag Pakistan |language=en-US |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2022-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519022549/https://www.magpakistan.com/love-life-ka-law-telefilm-cast-name-pictures-story-timing/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- |''Bhagam Bhag'' |Shahmir |[[ARY Digital]] |Telefilm |- | rowspan=2| 2024 |''Kabhi Aar Kabhi paar'' | |[[ARY Digital]] |Telefilm |- |''Band Baja aur Bajiya'' | |[[Express Entertainment]] | Telefilm |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:3222293|Aagha Ali]] iyo [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] [https://www.facebook.com/AghaAliOfficialPage Aagha Ali] [[Faysbuug|Facebook- ga]] kapwod0udhcw0qqrcatz0smz4g43d9k 0 43411 308234 296118 2026-09-17T01:11:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ayesha Gul | image = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|8|8|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailyausaf.com/showbiz/news-202104-96990.html|title=اداکارہ عائشہ گُل نے منگنی کرلی|website=Daily Ausaf|date=4 January 2022}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Quetta]], [[Balochistan]], [[Bakistan]] | education = Akadeemiyada Caafimaadka ee Gobolka Kyrgyz (M.D) | occupation = Jilaa | years_active = 1998 – hada | spouse = | children = | relatives = }} '''Ayesha Gul''' waa jilaa Pakistani ah Waxay caan ku tahay doorkeedii Muqaddar , Bechari Qudsia , Mein Na Janoo , Safar Tamam Howa iyo Damsa . ==Nolosha hore== Gul waxa uu dhashay 8 August 1980, waxa uu ku dhashay Quetta , Pakistan. Waxbarashadeeda waxa ay ka qaadatay Akademiyada Caafimaadka ee Gobolka Kyrgyz (MD) oo dhakhtar ah. ==Xirfad== 1998-kii ayay ka soo muuqatay jilaa ahaan PTV. 2009-kii ayay soo gashay jilitaankeedii ugu horeeyay ee showga dhabta ah ee Nachaly . Waxay ka soo muuqatay riwaayado kala duwan PTV Channel iyada oo doorar hogaamineed ku ciyaartay Cactus Kay Phool , Aik Zindagi , Tum Bhul Gayi Hum Ko iyo Kachra Kundi Sannadkii 2009, waxay ku ciyaartay filimka muuqaalka ah ee Insaano Jaisay Loag . Sannadkii 2017 waxay samaysay door hoggaamineed Dastaar-e-Anaa sida Riffat Waxay ku ammaaneen daawadayaasha inay ciyaareen jilayaal taban iyo kuwo togan labadaba 2019 waxay ka soo muuqatay Mein Na Janoo iyo Damsa iyo 2020 iyada oo ah Farkhanda Begum doorka hogaaminta ee Muqaddar , oo ay weheliso Faysal Qureshi ==Liiska Filimada== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka ! scope="col"|Shabakada |- |2009 | ''[[Tanveer Fatima (B.A)]]'' | Tanno | [[Geo tv ]] |- |Rowspan="4"|2011 | ''Hawa Rait Aur Aangan'' | Sania | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- | ''Dolly Aunty Ka Dream Villa'' | Gulbadan | [[Geo TV]] |- | ''[[Mera Naseeb]]'' | Rafia | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Phir Chand Pe Dastak]]'' | Anam | [[Hum TV]] |- |Rowspan="4"|2012 | ''[[Kis Din Mera Viyah Howay Ga]]'' | Dolli | [[Geo TV]] |- | ''Roshan Sitara'' | Neelam | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Nadamat]]'' | Zoha | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Teri Raah Main Rul Gai]]'' | Farheen | [[Urdu 1]] |- |Rowspan="2"|2013 | ''[[Tootay Huway Per]]'' | Saima | [[Geo TV]] |- | ''[[Gohar-e-Nayab]]'' | Sajida | [[A-Plus TV|A-Plus]] |- |2016 | ''[[Mein Sitara]]'' | Jharna | TV One |- |2017 | ''Dastaar e Anaa'' | Riffat | TV One |- |Rowspan="4"|2018 | ''Maa Sadqey'' | Naila | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Teri Meri Kahani (TV series)|Teri Meri Kahani]]'' | Asifa | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Zun Mureed]]'' | Huma | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Kaif-e-Baharan]]'' | Asma | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |Rowspan="5"|2019 | ''Riwaaj'' | Samina | [[Urdu 1]] |- | ''[[Qadam Qadam Ishq]]'' | Hadia | [[A-Plus TV|A Plus]] |- | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat]]'' | Nausheen | [[Geo TV]] |- | ''[[Mein Na Janoo]]'' | Tehmina | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Damsa]]'' | Sofia | [[ARY Digital]] |- |Rowspan="8"|2020 | ''Hamare Dada Ki Wasiyat'' | Falak | [[Express Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 2]]'' | Rabia | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Dikhawa]]'' | Zakia | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Muqaddar (TV series)|Muqaddar]]'' | Farkhanda Begum | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebrownidentity.com/muqaddars-finale-gives-out-a-poor-message-to-viewers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205022502/https://thebrownidentity.com/muqaddars-finale-gives-out-a-poor-message-to-viewers/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=5 December 2020|title=Muqaddar's Finale Gives Out a Poor Message to Viewers|website=The Brown Identity|date=4 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.masala.com/muqaddar-episode-3-saifs-obsession-with-raima-begins-to-intensify-321305.html|title=Muqaddar Episode 3: Saif's Obsession with Raima Begins to Intensify|website=Masala.com|date=2 July 2020}}</ref> |- | ''[[Mehar Posh]]'' | Aisha | [[Geo TV]] |- | ''[[Fitrat (TV series)|Fitrat]]'' | Sadia | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Main Agar Chup Hoon]]'' | Shameem | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/692708/7th-sky-entertainment-to-bring-out-another-love-story-main-agar-chup-hoon|title=7th Sky Entertainment to bring out another love story 'Main Agar Chup Hoon'|website=Daily Times|date=11 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailypakistan.com.pk/24-Nov-2020/1214500|title=ڈرامہ سیریل 'میں اگر چپ ہوں' آن ائیر|website=Daily Pakistan|date=26 March 2022}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | ''Aik Aur Munafiq'' | Ghazala | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/747340-main-agar-chup-hoon-starts-from-monday-on-geo-tv|title=Main Agar Chup Hoon starts from Monday on Geo TV|website=The News International|date=23 November 2020}}</ref> |- |Rowspan="8"|2021 | ''Khwaab Nagar Ki Shehzadi'' | Naila | [[ARY Digital]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebrownidentity.com/khwab-nagar-ki-shehzadi-episodes-58-60-this-mess-just-gets-messier|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729235719/https://thebrownidentity.com/khwab-nagar-ki-shehzadi-episodes-58-60-this-mess-just-gets-messier/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=29 July 2021|title=Khwab Nagar Ki Shehzadi Episodes 58 – 60: This Mess Just Gets Messier|website=The Brown Identity|date=1 September 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Safar Tamam Howa]]'' | Nazli | [[Hum TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebrownidentity.com/safar-tamam-hua-episodes-13-14-haaris-waheed-makes-an-impact-as-nabeel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517135847/https://thebrownidentity.com/safar-tamam-hua-episodes-13-14-haaris-waheed-makes-an-impact-as-nabeel/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 May 2021|title=Safar Tamam Hua Episodes 13 & 14: Haaris Waheed Makes An Impact As Nabeel|website=The Brown Identity|date=27 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/teasers-and-ost-of-safar-tamam-hua-starring-madiha-imam-ali-rehman-are-out|title=Teasers and OST of Safar Tamam Hua starring Madiha Imam & Ali Rehman are out|website=Something Haute|date=4 March 2021|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=20 Bisha Lixaad 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620160935/https://somethinghaute.com/teasers-and-ost-of-safar-tamam-hua-starring-madiha-imam-ali-rehman-are-out/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 3]]'' | Maham | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Dikhawa|Dikhawa Season 2]]'' | Masooma | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Sirat-e-Mustaqeem'' | Dania | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''[[Bechari Qudsia]]'' | Rania | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/895957-bechari-qudsia-last-episode-on-geo-tv-today|title='Bechari Qudsia' last episode on Geo TV today|website=The News International|date=13 September 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Banno (TV series)|Banno]]'' | Sajida | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/896177-geo-tv-s-new-drama-serial-banno-being-aired-from-today|title=Geo TV's new drama serial 'Banno' being aired from today|website=The News International|date=2 October 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Aye Musht-E-Khaak]]'' | Abida | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/384707-sana-javed-exudes-sufi-avatar-in-new-aye-must-e-khaak-teaser-watch|title=Sana Javed exudes Sufi avatar in new Aye Musht-E-Khaak teaser: Watch|website=Geo News|date=29 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/912431-sana-javed-whirls-like-a-dervish-in-new|title=Sana Javed whirls like a dervish in 'Aye Musht-E-Khaak' new teaser: Watch Here|website=The News International|date=14 December 2021}}</ref> |- |Rowspan="10"|2022 | ''[[Aik Sitam Aur]]'' | Raeesa | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''Mamlaat'' | Nafeesa | [[Geo TV]] |- | ''[[Dikhawa|Dikhawa Season 3]]'' | Zebunnisa | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Sirat-e-Mustaqeem Season 2'' | Shazia | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 4]]'' | Rabia | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Dil Awaiz (2022 TV series)|Dil Awaiz]]'' | Durdana | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1693264|title=That Week That Was Dil Awaiz|website=Dawn News|date=2 July 2022}}</ref> |- | ''Aitraaf'' | Maya | Aan TV |- | ''[[Chauraha (TV series)|Chauraha]]'' | Seema | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bolnews.com/entertainment/2022/05/madiha-imam-and-mikaal-zulfiqar-team-up-for-upcoming-serial-choraha/|title=Madiha Imam and Mikaal Zulfiqar Team Up For Upcoming Serial 'Choraha'|website=BOL News|date=December 2, 2023|access-date=Bisha Tobnaad 21, 2025|archive-date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217033552/https://www.bolnews.com/entertainment/2022/05/madiha-imam-and-mikaal-zulfiqar-team-up-for-upcoming-serial-choraha/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''Hum 2 Hamaray 1000'' | Bilquis | Aan TV<ref>{{cite web|url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1191110|title=Angeline Malik's drama Hum 2 Hamaray 100 is about the pains and joys of living in a joint family|website=Dawn.Images|date=January 13, 2023}}</ref> |- | ''Zindagi Aik Paheli'' | Kulsoom | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1004930-two-big-serials-farq-and-zindagi-aik-paheli-start-monday-on-geo-tv|title=Two big serials 'Farq' and 'Zindagi Aik Paheli' start Monday on Geo TV|website=The News International|date=30 October 2022}}</ref> |- |Rowspan="8"|2023 | ''[[Mere Ban Jao]]'' | Salma | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 5]]'' | Hamna | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Dikhawa|Dikhawa Season 4]]'' | Rubina | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Sirf Tum (2023 TV Series)|Sirf Tum]]'' | Amina | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Jindo (TV series)|Jindo]]'' | Kajli | Green Entertainment |- | ''[[Motia Sarkar]]'' | Gulshan | TV One |- | ''Kalank'' | Romana | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Maa Nahi Saas Hoon Main'' | Shaista | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |Rowspan="9"|2024 | ''Dao'' | Nuzhat | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 6]]'' | Rubina | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Ishqaway'' | Makho | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Mehroom'' | Rukhsana | [[Geo TV]] |- | ''Tark-e-Wafa'' | Kanwal | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''Haq Mehar'' | Fatima | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/953476/yashma-all-set-to-win-hearts-in-a-positive-role-in-her-upcoming-drama-serial-haq-meher/|title=Yashma all set to win hearts in a positive role in her upcoming drama serial 'Haq Meher'|website=Daily Times|date=18 June 2022}}</ref> |- | ''Teray Janay Kay Baad'' | Saleha | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''Aafat'' | Shireen | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Bajjo'' | Saba | [[Geo TV]] |- |2025 | ''Bekhaway'' | Rasheeda | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2025 | ''Pathar Dil'' | Majida | [[Geo TV]] |} ===Filim telefishan=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |2016 | ''Gumshuda Mehbooba'' | Rani |- |2017 | ''Teen Unglian'' | Sereen |- |2017 | ''Zara Palat Kar Dekho'' | Rubina |- |2018 | ''Sarrab- The Mirage'' | Wajiha |- |2021 | ''Filmy Siyappa'' | Nazish |- |2025 | ''Ghost Meri Dost'' | Farheen |} ===Filim=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |2009 | ''Insaano Jaisay Loag'' | Mahnoor |- |2023 | ''[[Teri Meri Kahaniyaan]]'' | Rumaisa's mother |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.instagram.com/ayeshagul06/ Ayesha Gul] kujirta [[Inistigaram|Instagram]] [[imdbname:11224763|Ayesha Gul]] iyo [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] l5wbuoj2ky4geotx7z16isgf568h1f0 0 43414 308233 287326 2026-09-17T00:45:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Anoushay Abbasi | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|11|24|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Aizbah|date=2020-11-25|title=Anoushay Abbasi Thanks Fans For Birthday Wishes|url=https://www.bolnews.com/entertainment/2020/11/anoushay-abbasi-thanks-fans-for-birthday-wishes/|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[BOL News]]|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | birth_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Bakistaan]] | occupation = Jilaa, model | birth_name = Anoushay Abbasi | spouse = <!--Ainan Arif (m. 2014)--> | years_active = 2012 – hada | relatives = [[Shamoon Abbasi]] (walaal)<br>[[Anzela Abbasi]] (niece) | website = }} '''Anoushay Abbasi''' waa jilaa telefishan Pakistan ah iyo moodel. Waxay xirfadeeda ka bilowday PTV iyadoo caruur ah . Xirfadeeda jilitaanka, waxay caan ku tahay doorkeeda hogaamineed ee taxanaha telefishanka Mera Saaein 2 (2012), Meri Saheli Meri Humjoli (2012), Tootay Huway Per (2011), Nanhi (2013), Pyarey Afzal (2013), Malika-e-Aliya (2014), Malika-e-Aliya (2014), Malika (201-2012 ), Bhanwar (2012) Meray Paas Tum Ho (2019), Raqs-e-Bismil (2020) iyo Benaam (2021). ==Nolosha iyo shaqada== Cabbaas waxay shaqadeeda bilawday iyadoo caruur ah waxayna ka soo muuqatay taxanayaal telefishan oo kala duwan oo PTV ah Waxay kasoo muuqatay taxanaha Tootay Huway Per ee ka soo horjeeda Ayeza Khan , Sami Khan iyo Mohib Mirza waxayna kasoo muuqatay taxanaha Geo TV Kaahe Ko Biyahee Bades ee ay ka soo horjeedaan Sami Khan iyo Ahsan Khan , ARY Digital serial Mera Saaein 2 oo ka soo horjeeda Fahad Mustafa , Ayeza Khan iyo Mahnoor Baloch iyo Urdu 1 taxane Meri Saheli Muzanne Humne Khawaaja. Waxay ka soo muuqatay taxanaha ARY Digital Kaala Jaadu, Serial Geo TV Nanhi iyo Roshini Andhera Roshini ee ATV taasoo ay ku mutaysatay Abaalmarinta Lux Style Award ee Jilaaga TV-ga ugu Fiican (Terrestrial) Abaasi wuxuu guursaday jilaaga Ainan Arif, wiil ay dhashay ciyaaryahan cricket-ka Taslim Arif iyo atariishada Rubina Arif 27kii Sebtembar 2014 2019, waxay ka dhigtay jilideeda inay la soo noqoto Mere Paas Tum Ho ==Liiska Filimada== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable" |+Key |style="background:#b6fcb6;"|{{Dagger}} |Denotes films / drama that are currently on cinema / on air |} {| class="wikitable" | style="background:#FFFFCC;"|{{Dagger}} |Denotes film / drama that has not released yet |} ===Filimada=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Sanadka ! Filim ! Doorka ! Agaasime ! Xusuusin ! Tixraac. |- | 2016 | ''[[Teri Meri Love Story]]'' | Ramis | [[Jawad Bashir]] | Leading role; debut film | |- | rowspan="2"| 2018 | ''[[Azaadi]]'' | Raj | Imran Malik | Cameo | <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1154984| title=Exclusive: Omer Shahzad to do a cameo in Sonya Hussyn, Moammar Rana starrer Azaadi| work=www.hipinpakistan.com| accessdate=30 July 2018| ciwaan=Nuqul Archive| archive-date=30 Bisha Todobaad 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730170708/https://www.hipinpakistan.com/news/1154984| dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- | ''[[Jawani Phir Nahi Ani 2]]'' | Nawab Sher Ali Khan | [[Nadeem Baig (director)|Nadeem Baig]] |Supporting role | |} ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Sanadka ! Ciwaanka ! Doorka ! Kanaalka !Xusuusin |- |Rowspan=3| 2013 | ''[[Adhoori Aurat]]'' |Umair | rowspan="2" |Geo TV |Negative role; acting debut |- | ''[[Mann Ke Moti]]'' |Tabish | |- | ''[[Mere Hamrahi]]'' |Zaheer |ARY Digital | |- |Rowspan=4| 2014 | '' Choti Choti Khushiyan'' |Arham |Geo TV | |- | ''Chor Darwazay'' | |[[Express Entertainment|Express TV]] | |- | ''Bahu Begam'' | Laiq | rowspan="2" |ARY Zindagi | |- | ''Bay Gunanah'' | | |- | Rowspan=3| 2015 |''Noor Jahan'' |Zaheer Ahmed | rowspan="3" |Geo TV | |- | ''Anaya Tumhari Hui'' |Jawad | |- | ''[[Saas Bahu]]'' |Waqar | |- |2016 | ''Khwab Sab Dhool Huwey'' | |PTV Home | |- |Rowspan=2| 2017 | ''[[Natak]]'' | Shehroze | rowspan="2" |[[Hum TV]] | |- | ''[[Alif Allah Aur Insaan (TV series)|Alif Allah Aur Insaan]]'' | Shaheer |- | Rowspan=2| 2018 |''Rasmein'' | |PTV Home || |- |''[[Be Rehem]]'' | Rehan |Geo TV | |- |Rowspan=2| 2019 |''Gustakh Dil'' | Saif | [[Express Entertainment|Express TV]] | |- |''[[Gul-o-Gulzar]]'' | Adil |[[ARY Digital]] | |- |Rowspan=2 | 2020 |''Tasveer'' |Shehzad |[[Play Entertainment]] | |- |''Bharaas'' | Hassan |[[ARY Digital]] | |- |Rowspan=2 |2021 |''Ajnabi Humsafar'' |Fawad |Sab TV | |- |''[[Mere Humsafar (TV series)|Mere Humsafar]]'' |Khurram |[[ARY Digital]] |Negative role |- |Rowspan=3 |2022 |''[[Hum Tum (2022 TV series)|Hum Tum]]'' |Sarim ||Hum TV | |- |''[[Woh Pagal Si]]'' |Wahaj |[[ARY Digital]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sumiya |date=2022-07-29 |title=Woh Pagal Si Drama Cast Name, Pictures, Story, & Timing - ARY Digital |url=https://www.magpakistan.com/woh-pagal-si-drama-cast-name-pictures-story-timing/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Mag Pakistan |language=en-US |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729112705/https://www.magpakistan.com/woh-pagal-si-drama-cast-name-pictures-story-timing/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- |''Bikhray Hain Hum'' |Tabish |[[Hum TV]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sumiya |date=2022-08-23 |title=Bikhray Hain Hum Drama Cast Name, Pictures, Story, & Timing - Hum TV |url=https://www.magpakistan.com/bikhray-hain-hum-drama-cast-name-pictures-story-timing/ |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=Mag Pakistan |language=en-US |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520115154/https://www.magpakistan.com/bikhray-hain-hum-drama-cast-name-pictures-story-timing/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |rowspan=4|2023 |''Bewafa'' |Khalid |Aan TV | |- |''Daurr'' |Umer Hashmi |Green Entertainment | |- |''[[Fitna (TV series)|Fitna]]'' |Arez | rowspan="2" |Hum TV | |- |''Rang Badlay Zindagi'' |Saif | |- |rowspan=2|2024 |''Shehzadi House'' |Ammar |Green Entertainment | |- |''Bharam'' |Saalar |[[ARY Digital]] | |- |2025 |''Mohalla'' |Asad |Express Entertainment |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohalla - Cast & Crew {{!}} WeGreen Entertainment |url=https://wegreenkw.com/entertainment/mohalla/cast/ |access-date=2025-09-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> |} ==Sawir-qaadis== * ''Akhiyaan'' (2022) ==Abaalmarinta iyo magacaabista== {| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="font-size: 95%;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! scope="col" width="3%" | Sanadka ! scope="col" width="20%" | Abaalmarinta ! scope="col" width="25%" | Qaybta ! scope="col" width="3%" | Natiijada ! scope="col" width="5%" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | 2014 | [[2nd Hum Awards]] | rowspan="4"| [[Hum Award for Best Model Male|Best Model Male]] | {{nom}} | {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Winner List of 2nd Hum Awards|url=http://showbizspice.com/winner-list-of-2nd-hum-tv-awards-2014/|publisher=Showbiz Spice|date=30 March 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403141351/http://showbizspice.com/winner-list-of-2nd-hum-tv-awards-2014/|archivedate=3 April 2014}}</ref>}} |- | 2015 | [[3rd Hum Awards]] | {{nom}} | {{center|<ref name="HA3rd">{{cite web|title=2013 Hum Awards winners|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1175086|work=Correspondent|publisher=[[Dawn News]]|date=10 April 2015|accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref>}} |- | 2016 | [[4th Hum Awards]] | {{nom}} | {{center|<ref name="HA4th">{{cite web|title=Hum Awards 2016 Complete Nominations List|url=http://www.brandsynario.com/hum-awards-2016-complete-nominations-list/|work=Maheen Nusrat|publisher=Brandsynario|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=6 April 2016}}</ref>}} |- | 2018 | [[17th Lux Style Awards]] | {{nom}} | |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:6911447|Anoushay Abbasi]] ee [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] 52q3hu0fy3jk33c0z6iob52ejok767b 0 43700 308329 288431 2026-09-17T06:37:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Jewis Chabi | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1979|11|25}} | birth_place = Zambia | office = Xubin ka tirsan Golaha Qaranka ee [[Chipili (xaafad-doorasho)|Chipili]] | term_start = August 2016 | term_end = August 2021 | party = [[Jabhadda Waddani ee Zambia|Xisbiga Waddaniyeed]] (ka hor 2016) Madaxbannaan (2016 - 2021) | profession = Maamule guud | education = Dibloma maamulka guud; Foomka 5aad | predecessor = Davies Mwila | successor = Paul Chala }} '''Jewis Chabi''' (wuxuu dhashay 25 Noofambar 1979) waa maamule guud oo reer Zambia ah iyo siyaasi u soo shaqeeyay xubin madax-banaan oo baarlamaanka laga soo doortay deegaanka Chipili laga bilaabo 2016 ilaa 2021. Waxa uu ku guuleystey musharaxa Jabhadda Waddaniga oo markii dambe cafis rasmi ah ka helay hoggaanka PF. Kadib doorashadii guud ee 2021, waxa uu noqday xoghayaha qaranka ee Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga . ==Xirfadda baarlamaanka== Chabi waxa uu u istaagay sidii xildhibaan madax-banaan oo laga soo doortay deegaanka Chipili doorashadii guud ee 2016-kii, waana la doortay, isaga oo ka adkaaday musharraxa PF ee Chipili Doorashada ka dib, Madaxweyne Edgar Lungu ayaa cafis u fidiyay isaga iyo sharci-dajiyayaal kale oo madax-bannaan oo hore loola xiriirin jiray PF laakiin u istaagay sidii madax-bannaani Chabi wuxuu u shaqeeyay sidii Xildhibaan Kursiga dambe oo leh magacaabis guddi, oo ay ku jirto xubinnimada Guddiga Dib-u-habaynta iyo Casriyeynta Baarlamaanka laga bilaabo Oktoobar 2016 ilaa Maajo 2021; iyo Guddiga Tamarta, Horumarinta Biyaha iyo Dalxiiska ee Sebtembar 2017 ilaa Maajo 2021. ==Dhacdooyin xusid mudan== Bishii Disembar 2016, Chabi waxa uu khilaaf soo kala dhexgalay isaga iyo xildhibaan kale xilli ay ka socotay dood ku saabsan gunnooyinka saacadaha dheeraadka ah, taas oo ku sigtay in golaha iska hor imaad uu ka dhaco Bishii Maarso 2019, gobolka ayaa daaha ka qaaday kiis lagu eedeeyay Chabi inuu si xun u waxyeeleeyay hantida PF 2017, taasoo keentay in arrinta meesha laga saaro iyadoo aan wax dacwad ah lagu soo oogin. ==Tixraac== [https://diggers.news/local/2021/10/21/kalabas-dp-camp-suspends-kabemba-for-expelling-him/ "Xerada DP ee Kalaba waxay shaqada ka joojisay Kabemba inay eryeen"] [https://rainbownewszambia.com/archives/13422,%20http://rainbownewszambia.com/archives/13422 Madaxwaynaha DP Harry Kalaba oo shabaqooda galinaya doorashooyinka 2021-]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://dailynationzambia.com/2021/03/lungu-pardons-all-independent-mps/ "Lunggu wuxuu cafis u fidiyey dhammaan xildhibaanada madaxa banaan"] {{Wayback|url=https://dailynationzambia.com/2021/03/lungu-pardons-all-independent-mps/ |date=20251017181718 }} [https://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5818 "Jewis Chabi ~ Guddiga Dib-u-habaynta iyo Casriyeynta"] [https://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/6647 "Jewis Chabi ~ Guddiga Tamarta, Horumarinta Biyaha iyo Dalxiiska"] [https://www.lusakatimes.com/2019/03/29/state-enters-nolle-prosequi-in-chipili-independent-mps-case/ "Gobolku wuxuu galay nolle prosequi ee Chipili kiiskiisa MP madax-bannaan"] bhhk8j6ynuiva9otsygh6lb00q1b7vx 0 43711 308314 286921 2026-09-17T04:56:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = Honorable | name = Golden Mwila | image = | caption = Mwila sanadka 2023-ka ee Aqalka Baarlamaanka Zambia | order = Xubin la doortay oo ka tirsan [[Golaha Qaranka ee Zambia|Golaha Qaranka]] | term_start = 2021 | term_end = | constituency = [[Mufulira (degmo)|Mufulira]] | order2 = | term_start2 = | term_end2 = | order3 = | term_start3 = | term_end3 = | office4 = | term_start4 = | term_end4 = | constituency4 = | children = 3 | spouse = Hilda Ngulube - Mwila | death_place = | death_date = | birth_place = [[Kitwe]], [[Zambia]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1974|12|17|df=yes}} | birth_name = Golden Mwila | alma_mater = | party = [[Jabhadda Waddani (Zambia)|Jabhadda Waddani]] }} '''Golden Mwila''' (wuxuu dhashay 17 Diseembar 1974) waa siyaasi reer Zambia ah iyo xubin baarlamaanka u ah Mufulira . Waxaa loo doortay baarlamaanka 2021 . ==Nolosha hore== Mwila waxa uu ku dhashay 17 December 1974, waxa uu ku dhashay Chimwemwe Clinic ee Kitwe ee gobolka Copperbelt ee Zambia Mrs Golden Kampasa Mwila iyo Mrs Lafe Chisala Mwila. Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys ka kooban sagaal (9), todoba wiil iyo laba gabdhood. Waxa uu sannado hore ku qaatay Kitwe iyo Mwansabombwe ka hor inta aanu u wareegin Degmada Mufulira isaga oo afar jir ah. ==Waxbarashada== Mwila waxa uu dugsigiisa hoose ku qaatay Dugsiga Hoose ee Buyantanshi ee Mufulira. Fasalada 8-aad iyo 9-aad waxa uu ku qaatay dugsiga sare ee Mufulira waxa uuna ku dhamaystay dugsiga sare ee Hillcrest Technical Secondary School . 1999, Mwila waxa uu shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay jaamacadda Copperbelt Waxa kale oo uu Master of Business Administration ka qaatay Edinburgh Business School iyo sidoo kale shahaadada sharciga ee Jaamacadda Lusaka Waa Xisaabiye Chartered iyo xubin kale oo ACCA ah. ==Siyaasadda== Mwila waxaa loo doortay Golaha Qaranka ee Zambia Agoosto 2021. Waa xubin ka tirsan Guddiga Xisaabaadka Dadweynaha (ilaa Sebtembar 2023) wuxuuna horay xubin uga ahaa laba guddi oo kale, oo kala ah Guddiga Baarlamaanka ee Isboortiga, Dhallinyarada iyo Arrimaha Carruurta iyo Guddiga Baarlamaanka ee Waxbarashada, Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyada Mwila ayaa markii ugu horeysay xiisaynaysay siyaasadda markii Zambia ay ku soo noqotay nidaamka siyaasadeed ee xisbiyada badan bilowgii 1990-meeyadii. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay la socodka doorashada doorashooyinkii guud ee 1996kii. Intaa ka dib, wuxuu ku biiray siyaasadda ardayda isagoo wax ka baranayay Jaamacadda Copperbelt (CBU). 1999-kii, wuxuu ku guuleystey doorashooyin isagoo hogaamiye arday ah oo ka tirsan Golaha Ardayda wuxuuna u shaqeeyay sidii Khasnajiga 2006, wuxuu ku biiray xisbiga Patriotic Front ee Michael Sata . Sannadkii 2016-kii, waxa uu dalbaday in uu u tartamo Kursiga Baarlamaanka ee Degmada Mwansabombwe ee tigidhka xisbiga Waddaniga, laakiin xisbigiisu ma qaadan. Xisbiga ayaa doortay in uu qaato musharraxa xilka haya Rogers Mwewa . 2021, waxa uu codsaday in uu u tartamo Kursiga Baarlamaanka ee Mufulira ee tigidhka xisbiga Waddaniga waana la qaatay. Waxa uu ku guuleystay doorashooyinkii la qabtay dabayaaqadii sanadkaas ee Agoosto 2021 isagoo ka guuleystay lix musharax oo kale. Hadda, wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa Guddiga Xisaabaadka Dadweynaha ee Golaha Qaranka ee Zambia. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Mwila waa xaas waxayna leedahay saddex (3) carruur ah. Waxa uu leeyahay buug taariikh-nololeedkiisa la magac baxay; "Mustaqbalka aabbahay noolaa Waa xubin ka tirsan Kaniisadda United ee Zambia (UCZ). ==Tixraac== [https://zambianobserver.com/mufulira-now-a-ghost-town-under-pf-people-were-able-to-support-their-families-but-things-are-difficult-mufulira-central-mp-hon-golden-mwila/ "MUFULIRA Hadda waa GHOST Town…. PF hoosteeda dadku waxay awoodeen inay taageeraan qoysaskooda laakiin arrimuhu waa adag yihiin- Xildhibaanka Bartamaha Mufulira Hon Golden Mwila"] [https://www.lusakatimes.com/2022/04/22/stalled-construction-works-of-mufulira-district-hospital-to-resume-soon/ "Zambia : Shaqadii dhismeed ee istaagtay ee Isbitaalka Degmada Mufulira oo dhawaan dib u bilaabanaysa"] [https://mafken.fm/2024/12/19/mps-criticize-governments-108-million-borrowing-plan/ https://mafken.fm/2024/12/19/mps-dhaleeceeyay-dowlada-108-milyan-qorshaha-amaahnaha/]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://diggers.news/local/2022/07/23/speaker-directs-mwiimbu-to-issue-statement-on-disruption-of-malanjis-donation-by-upnd-cadres/ https://diggers.news/local/2022/07/23/speaker-directs-mwiimbu-si-u-soo-saaray-warbixin-ku-dhawaaqa-malanjis-oo-upnd-cadres/] [https://diggers.news/local/2022/03/04/mwambazi-must-recuse-himself-from-chairing-pac-demands-apnac/ "Mwambazi waa inuu ka tanaasulaa inuu noqdo gudoomiyaha PAC, wuxuu dalbanayaa APNAC"] eizlu5h5a2w0h0lmkcohbezjbw5rxu0 0 45077 308343 290583 2026-09-17T08:49:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nazifi Asnanic | image = | caption = | birth_name = Nazifi Abdulsalam Yusuf | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|mf=yes|1982|2|02}} | birth_place = [[Kano State|Kano]], Nigeria | nationality = Nigerian | education = | occupation = Fanaan, qoraa heeso, agaasime, soo saare | years_active = 2000–hadda | spouse = | children = 2 | awards = | website = http://www.asnanic.com | networth = | alma mater = | credits = ''Dawo Dawo'' | relations = }} '''Nazifi Abdulsalam Yusuf''', wuxuu dhashay 2 Febraayo 1982) oo loo yaqaan magaciisa masraxa Nazifi Asnanic waa heesaa reer Nayjeeriya ah, qoraa, agaasime, iyo soo saare. Wuxuu ku dhashay kuna soo barbaaray magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Kano. Nazifi Asnanic, oo inta badan loogu yeero Golden Voice, waxaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta Hausa ugu guulaha badan abid taariikhda Kannywood. Wuxuu helay abaalmarino iyo magacaabisyo badan oo ay ku jiraan Abaalmarinta City People Entertainment oo ah fanaanka ugu fiican 2014. Wuxuu sidoo kale ka mid ahaa xiddigaha Kannywood ee helay abaalmarin ay siisay dowladda Gobolka Zamfara ee Nayjeeriya dadaalkooda iyo kaalintooda weyn ee ku aaddan mideynta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka Hausa. Nazifi Asnanic wuxuu soo bandhigay, soo saaray, oo agaasimay tiro filimaan ah oo ka tirsan Kannywood. ==Xirfad== Nazifi Abdulsalam Yusuf (Nazifi Asnanic) wuxuu bilaabay xirfadiisa muusiga horaantii 2000-meeyadii. Sannadkii 2002-dii, waxa uu tuuray albamkiisii ​​ugu horreeyey oo uu ku jiray 10 heesood oo ay ku jirto Dawo Dawo Waxa uu soo jiitay dareenka agaasimayaasha iyo soo saaraha sida Ali Nuhu iyo Aminu Saira oo uu u heesay soo saarista FKD iyo Saira Movies ee Ga Duhu Ga Haske iyo Sai Wata Rana Nazifi Asnanic wuxuu siidaayay 10 albam oo dheeri ah wuxuuna iibiyay malaayiin nuqul gudaha Nigeria iyo adduunka oo dhan taasoo ka dhigtay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu guulaha badan Kannywood. Heesaha iyo muusigga marka laga reebo, Nazifi waxa uu soo saaray oo agaasimay filimaan dhawr ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Rai da Buri , Shu’uma , Baasi iyo kuwo kale oo badan. ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20190526211254/http://asnanic.com/ "Fanaanka - Nazifi Asnanic || Kano, Nigeria"] [https://www.hausatop.com/kannywood-ta%C6%99aitaccen-tarihin-mawaki-mai-muryar-zinare-wato-nazifi-asnanic/ "Kannywood: Taqaaitaccen Taariikhda Mawaki Mai Muryar Zinare Wato Nazifi Asnanic"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.hausatop.com/kannywood-ta%C6%99aitaccen-tarihin-mawaki-mai-muryar-zinare-wato-nazifi-asnanic/ |date=20171113060814 }} [https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2018/08/nazifi-asnanic-ya-saki-sabuwar-waka-mai.html "NAZIFI ASNANIC YA SAKI SABUWAR WAKA MAI ZAFI AKAN RIKICIN AREWACIN NIGERIA – DOWNLOAD MUSIC HERE"] [https://www.voahausa.com/a/nazifi-asnanic-zai-fito-da-shuuma/1649857.html "Nazifi Asnanic Zai Fito Da Shu'uma"] pg04c98xdt9opcec2nwl1kx38zn5j8c 0 45195 308261 290850 2026-09-17T03:38:08Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | honorific_prefix = | name = <!-- include middle initial, if not specified in birth_name --> | honorific_suffix = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Praise Onyeagwalam | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|11|28}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|1999|11|28|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | nationality = Nigerian | education = [[Jaamacadda Lagos]] | alma_mater = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | movement = | spouse = | awards = <!-- {{awd|award|year|title|role|name}} (optional) --> | elected = | patrons = | memorials = | website = <!-- {{URL|Example.com}} --> | module = }} '''Praise Onyeagwalam''' oo si xirfad leh loo yaqaan Agaasime Pink waa agaasime filim oo Nigerian ah, fulinta hal-abuurka iyo baraha. Waxay caan ku noqotay ka dib markii ay hagtay muuqaalka muusiga "U ordaya adiga" ee Chike ft Simi iyo "Abracadabra Iyadu waa madaxa fulinta ee filimada Pinkline iyo sidoo kale aasaasaha Pinkline Academy, barnaamijka tababarka filimada. ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Onyeagwalam wuxuu ku dhashay Lagos State, Nigeria. Waxay caruurnimadeedii inteeda badan ku qaadatay Lagos, halkaas oo ay sidoo kale ku qaadatay waxbarashadeeda sare. Sannadkii 2020, waxa ay shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaadatay jaamacadda Lagos. Waxay sidoo kale ka qalin jabisay Akademiyada Filimada ee London. ==Tixraac== [https://unorthodoxreviews.com/best-nigerian-music-video-directors "13-ka Agaasime ee Fiidiyowga Muusiga ee Nigeria ee ugu sarreeya"] [https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1528695-director-pink-kemi-adetiba-2-popular-nigerian-female-music-video-directors/ "Maamulaha Pink, Kemi Adetiba iyo 2 kale oo dumar ah oo caan ah agaasime muusik muusig"] [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/watch-praise-onyeagwalams-horror-short-film-lady-koi-koi/mnebv6z "Daawo Amaan Onyeagwalam filimkiisa gaaban ee naxdinta leh 'Lady Koi Koi'] {{Wayback|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/watch-praise-onyeagwalams-horror-short-film-lady-koi-koi/mnebv6z |date=20230810231624 }} [https://guardian.ng/news/pinkline-academy-expands-global-reach-empowers-next-generation-of-filmmakers/ "PinkLine Academy waxay balaadhisaa gaadhista caalamiga ah, waxay awood siisaa jiilka soo socda ee filim sameeyayaasha"] 8ogfhcvtg8ar5p35izvfgt29s181nrf 0 46499 308237 293280 2026-09-17T02:21:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | office = Guddoomiyaha 3-aad ee [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] | image = 2017 22 SpeakerUpperHouseAMISOM-14 (31648952883) (cropped).jpg | termstart = 26 Abriil 2022 | native_name = {{lang|so|Cabdi Xaashi Cabdullaahi}} | native_name_lang = so | constituency = [[Somaliland]] | country = Soomaaliya | predecessor = [[Maxamed Cali Yuusuf]] | preceded = [[Maxamed Cali Yuusuf]] | preceding = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1 December 1946}} | birth_place = [[Babile (town)|Babile]], [[Italian East Africa]] | status = | honorific_prefix = Mudane | parliament = [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] | residence = [[Hargeysa]] | office2 = Wasiirka Hiddaha iyo Tacliinta Sare | office3 = [[Wasaaradda Caafimaadka (Soomaaliya)|Wasiirka Caafimaadka]] | termend1 = 10 Agoosto 2021 | termstart1 = 22 Janaayo 2017 | termend2 = 2006 | termstart2 = 2004 | termstart3 = 2008 | termend3 = 2006 | office1 = Guddoomiyihii 1-aad ee [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] | succeeded1 = [[Maxamed Cali Yuusuf]] | predecessor1 = Xafiiska ayaa la aasaasay | president2 = [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] | primeminister2 = [[Cali Maxamed Geedi]] | president3 = [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] | primeminister3 = [[Cali Maxamed Geedi]] }} ​'''Abdi Hashi Abdullahi''' ({{Langx|so|Cabdi Xaashi Cabdullaahi}}; 1 December 1946, {{Langx|ar|عبدي حاشي عبدالله}}) waa siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo laba jeer loo doortay inuu noqdo Guddoomiyihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya|Aqalka Sare]] isagoo metelaya [[Somaliland]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Somali Senate re-elects Abdi Hashi Abdullahi as speaker |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/somali-senate-re-elects-abdi-hashi-abdullahi-as-speaker/2573830 |website=Anadolu Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= 26 April 2022|title=Senate speaker, Abdi Hashi re-elected in Somalia |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/04/26/senate-speaker-abdi-hashi-re-elected-in-somalia/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> Wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay 22-kii Janaayo 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-05 |title=Somalia |url=https://data.ipu.org/content/somalia?chamber_id=13572 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325031822/https://data.ipu.org/content/somalia?chamber_id=13572 |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2025-03-04 |work=Parline: the IPU’s Open Data Platform |language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> Markii hore, wuxuu ahaa Wasiirkii Hiddaha iyo Hidaha iyo [[Wasaaradda Caafimaadka (Soomaaliya)|Wasiirka Caafimaadka]] ee [[Dawladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya]].<ref name=":0" /> ​ ==Noloshiisa qaaska ah== Wuxuu dhashay 1-dii Diseembar 1946,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Know About the Speaker of The Senate of Somalia |url=https://senate.gov.so/speaker/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Senate of Somalia |date=20 March 2019 |archive-date=2023-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618000554/https://senate.gov.so/speaker/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> magaalada [[Babile (town)|Babile]] xilligii gumeysigii [[Italian East Africa|Talyaaniga ee Bariga Afrika]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Abdi Hashi Abdullahi: Who is the two-time Senate Speaker? |url=https://www.keydmedia.net/news/abdi-hashi-abdullahi-who-is-the-two-time-senate-speaker |website=KEYDMEDIA ONLINE|date=26 April 2022 }}</ref> Cabdullaahi wuxuu ka soo jeedaa beesha [[Sacad Muuse]] ee [[Habar Awal]], [[Isaaq]], kuwaas oo dega [[Hargeysa]] isagoo ka mid ah wakiillada deegaannada [[Somaliland]] ee [[Soomaaliya]]. ​ ==Shaqada== Cabdullaahi wuxuu noqday shaqaale dowladeed isagoo xilal kala duwan ka soo qabtay [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] intii u dhaxeysay toddobaatanaadkii iyo siddeetanaadkii, gaar ahaan wuxuu ahaa guddoomiyaha gobolka Shabeellada Hoose (Marka) intii u dhaxeysay 1979 ilaa 1990. ​Ka dib burburkii dowladdii dhexe 1991-kii, xilligii maamulkii [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]], Cabdullaahi wuxuu soo noqday Wasiirka Hiddaha iyo Tacliinta intii u dhaxeysay 2004 ilaa 2007, iyo sidoo kale Wasiirka Caafimaadka ee [[Dawladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya]] sanadkii 2008.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-08 |title=في سطور .. رئيس مجلس الشيوخ الصومالي السيد/ عبدي حاشي عبدالله |trans-title=In a few lines. Speaker of the Somali Senate HE. Abdi Hashi Abdullahi |url=https://mogadishupress.so/%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=مقديشو برس |language=ar}}</ref> ​Wuxuu kaloo dhowr jeer kuraas ka soo qabtay [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]]. ​ ==Guddoomiyaha Aqalka Sare== {{Main|Doorashadii Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya ee 2016}} Bishii Janaayo 2017, Cabdullaahi waxaa loo doortay guddoomiyihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya|Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] tan iyo markii la aasaasay 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-25 |title=عبده حاشي رئيسا لأول مجلس شيوخ بالصومال {{!}} أخبار {{!}} الجزيرة نت |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2017/1/22/%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af%d9%8e-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%b4%d9%8a-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7-%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%b3-%d8%b4%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%ae |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325040233/https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2017/1/22/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%B4%D9%8I%D9%88%D8%AE |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=[[Al Jazeera Arabic]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-25 |title=الصومال: انتخاب عبده حاشي عبد الله رئيسا لمجلس الشيوخ {{!}} الصومال الجديد |url=https://alsomal.net/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%b4%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325035207/https://alsomal.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3/ |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Al Somal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-25 |title=مجلس الشيوخ الصومالي ينتخب رئيسا ونائبين له – Somaliatoday.net – شبكة الصومال اليوم للإعلام |url=https://somaliatoday.net/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325032115/https://somaliatoday.net/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6/ |archive-date=2024-03-25 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Somalia Today}}</ref> {{Main|Doorashadii Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya ee 2021–2022}} 26-kii Abriil 2022, Cabdullaahi waxaa mar kale loo doortay [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] markii labaad.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohamed |first=Hamamh |date=2022-07-06 |title=عبدي حاشي رئيساً لمجلس الشيوخ الصومالي للمرة الثانية |url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/politics/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706142152/https://www.alaraby.co.uk/politics/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8I-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9 |archive-date=2022-07-06 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.alaraby.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=إعادة انتخاب عبدي حاشي رئيسا لمجلس الشيوخ – Somaliatoday.net – شبكة الصومال اليوم للإعلام |url=https://somaliatoday.net/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605081110/https://somaliatoday.net/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4/ |archive-date=2023-06-05 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=somaliatoday.net}}</ref> ​3-dii Diseembar 2024, markii lagu dhawaaqay dhimashadii ninkii beddelay ee [[Maxamed Cali Yuusuf#Death|Maxamed Cali Yuusuf]] oo ku geeriyooday Istanbul, Turkiga, Cabdullaahi wuxuu soo saaray bayaan uu ku sheegay dhaxalkiisa, isagoo ku sifeeyay "shaqsi waddani ah, iimaan leh, kalsooni iyo hoosnimo." Ka dib [[Aaska Qaran|aas qaran]], Cabdullaahi wuxuu ku tukaday salaadda [[Islamic funeral|Janaasada]] garoonka diyaaradaha ee [[Garoonka Muqdisho]] 6-dii Diseembar 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meydka Senator Gaagaab oo Muqdisho laga soodejiyay iyo aas maanta loogu sameenayo Gaalkacyo |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2024/Dec/wararka_maanta6-188610.htm |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> ​ ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category-inline}} ​{{Authority control}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Abdullahi, Abdi Hashi}} [[Category:Dhalashada 1946]] [[Category:Dadka nool]] [[Category:Dadka ka soo jeeda Oromia]] [[Category:Dadka ka soo jeeda Hargeysa]] [[Category:Wasiirada caafimaadka Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Wasiirada hiddaha Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Siyaasiyiinta Soomaaliya ee qarniga 20-aad]] [[Category:Siyaasiyiinta Soomaaliya ee qarniga 21-aad]] [[Category:Guddoomiyeyaasha Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] 1eykfktwgvupix8qif4q0zuudu8lb81 0 46768 308332 303294 2026-09-17T06:58:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Ken Howery | image = United States Ambassador to Denmark Kenneth Alan Howery.jpg | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025 | office = Safiirka 27-aad ee [[United States Ambassador to Denmark|Maraykanka u fadhiya Denmark]] | president = [[Donald Trump]] | term_start = Nofeembar 5, 2025<ref>https://x.com/USAmbDenmark/status/1986448200660602935?t=r3lQ7MUiOg6h4FnUend9rw&s=19</ref> | term_end = | predecessor = [[Alan M. Leventhal]] | successor = | office1 = [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Sweden|Safiirka Maraykanka u fadhiya Sweden]] | president1 = [[Donald Trump]] | term_start1 = Nofeembar 7, 2019 | term_end1 = Janaayo 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Azita Raji]] | successor1 = [[Erik Ramanathan]] | birthname = Kenneth Alan Howery | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1975|11|4}} | alma_mater = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | known_for = Aasaase iyo [[chief financial officer|CFO]]-gii [[PayPal]]; Aasaase iyo bahwadaag ka tirsan [[Founders Fund]] }} ​'''Kenneth Alan Howery''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊər|i}}; dhashay Nofeembar 4, 1975) waa ganacsade iyo diblamaasi Maraykan ah. Waa mid ka mid ah aasaasayaashii [[PayPal]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kelly|first=Makena|date=2018-10-16|title=Peter Thiel associate named as ambassador to Sweden|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/16/17986500/peter-thiel-ken-howery-trump-ambassador-sweden-paypal|access-date=2020-08-04|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref> iyo [[Founders Fund]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ken Howery|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ken-howery/|access-date=2020-08-04|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> Wuxuu ahaa [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Sweden|safiirka Maraykanka u fadhiya Sweden]] intii u dhaxaysay 2019 ilaa 2021 xilligii Madaxweyne [[Donald Trump]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/utrikes/usa-s-ambassador-i-sverige-har-lamnat-in-sin-avskedsansokan|title=USA:s ambassadör i Sverige har lämnat in avskedsansökan|date=January 13, 2021|work=SVT|access-date=January 14, 2021}}</ref> ​Diseembar 22, 2024, Madaxweynaha la doortay Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay damaciisa ah inuu Howery u magacaabo safiirka xiga ee [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Denmark|Maraykanka u fadhiya Denmark]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Schleifer |first=Theodore |date=2025-01-16 |title=Trump Picks a Jet-Setting Pal of Elon Musk to Go Get Greenland |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/16/us/politics/elon-musk-donald-trump-greenland.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Oktoobar 7, 2025, magacaabista waxaa xaqiijiyay Aqalka Sare (Senate).<ref>{{cite web |title=PN54-3 - Nomination of Kenneth Howery for Department of State, 119th Congress (2025-2026) |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/119th-congress/54/3 |website=www.congress.gov |access-date=9 October 2025 |date=7 October 2025}}</ref> ​ ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Howery wuxuu ku dhashay 1975 gobolka Texas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://student.portal.chalmers.se/sv/aktuelllt/Sidor/USAs-ambassad%C3%B6r-bes%C3%B6ker-Chalmers.aspx|title=The U.S. Ambassador visits Chalmers|date=January 9, 2020|access-date=January 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/116th-congress/127|title=PN127 116th Congress|date=September 17, 2019|access-date=January 14, 2021}}</ref> Ka dib wuxuu ka qalin-jabiyay [[Stanford University]] sanadkii 1998 isagoo qaatay shahaadada BA ee cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Intii uu Stanford joogay, wuxuu ahaa tifaftiraha maamulka ee ''[[The Stanford Review]]'', oo ah wargeys ardaydu maamulaan oo uu aasaasay [[Peter Thiel]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://stanfordreview.org/life-after-the-stanford-review-by-anthony-mainero|title=Life After the Stanford Review|date=February 10, 2012|work=The Stanford Review|access-date=February 16, 2018}}</ref> ​ == Shaqada == Isla sanadkii uu qalin-jabiyay, wuxuu la aasaasay [[PayPal]] isaga iyo [[Peter Thiel]], [[Luke Nosek]], [[Elon Musk]], iyo [[Max Levchin]]. Kooxda aasaasayaasha ah waxay caan ku noqdeen magaca [[PayPal Mafia]], oo ay ku jireen saaxiibbo kale iyo maalgashadayaashii hore. 1998 ilaa 2002, Howery wuxuu ahaa [[chief financial officer|CFO]]-ga PayPal. Ka dib markii [[eBay]] ay iibsatay PayPal sanadkii 2002, Howery wuxuu ahaa Agaasimaha Horumarinta Shirkadda ee eBay ilaa 2003. Howery wuxuu dib ugu biiray Thiel sanadkii 2004 shirkadda [[Clarium Capital Management]], halkaas oo uu ka ahaa madaxweyne ku xigeenka qaybta maalgashiga gaarka ah, iyo xubin ka tirsan kooxaha cilmi-baarista iyo ganacsiga.<ref>https://www.generalist.com/p/founders-fund-1 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref> ​Maarso 2012, [[World Economic Forum]] waxay Howery u magacawday Hoggaamiye Caalami ah oo Da' yar (Young Global Leader),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/YGL12/WEF_YGL_HonoureesClass_2012.pdf|title=List of 2012 Young Global Leaders Honourees|date=July 20, 2012|website=World Economic Forum|access-date=February 16, 2018}}</ref> oo ah bulsho ka kooban "rag iyo haween maskax bulsho leh oo la doortay iyagoo ka yar 40 sano, kuwaas oo u shaqeeya sidii xoog wanaagga u adeega si looga gudbo caqabadaha hortaagan horumarka."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/communities/young-global-leaders|title=Young Global Leaders|website=World Economic Forum|access-date=2017-07-28}}</ref> Sidoo kale waa xubin ka tirsan Guddiga Xulashada ee Barnaamijka Tiknoolajiyadda Hormuudka ah (Technology Pioneers Program) ee Madasha Dhaqaalaha Adduunka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.kiva.org/about/team/advisors|title=Board and Advisors {{!}} Kiva|website=blog.kiva.org|access-date=2017-07-28|archive-date=2017-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729000820/https://blog.kiva.org/about/team/advisors|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​Sanadkii 2005, Howery iyo Thiel, oo uu la socdo saaxiibkiisii PayPal ee Nosek, waxay bilaabeen [[Founders Fund]], oo ah shirkad maalgashi oo fadhigeedu yahay San Francisco oo maamusha in ka badan $3 bilyan, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa aasaase iyo bahwadaag. Wuxuu xubin ka soo noqday guddiyada [[Quantcast]] iyo [[Zocdoc|ZocDoc]]. Sanadkii 2010, Venture Capital Journal waxay Howery u magacawday mid ka mid ah 10-ka qof ee ugu sarreeya ee maalgashadayaasha (VCs) ee ka yar 36 sano.<ref name="ken">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/small-business/2010/08/02/hot-prospects-top-10-vcs-under-36|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803120203/http://blogs.reuters.com/small-business/2010/08/02/hot-prospects-top-10-vcs-under-36/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 3, 2010|title=Hot prospects: Top 10 VCs under 36|publisher=Reuters|author=Staff|date=August 2, 2010}}</ref> Wuxuu casharro ka bixiyay ganacsiga ee [[Harvard Business School]] iyo [[Stanford University|Stanford]], wuxuuna ka caawiyay ardayda [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] iyo [[McCombs School of Business]] inay horumariyaan moodallo ganacsi. ​Howery waa xubin ka tirsan [[The Explorers Club]], oo ah koox aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo dhiirrigelisa sahaminta cilmiga ah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://magazine.ivy.com/2016/10/ken-howery-2|title=Behind the Scenes with PayPal Co-Founder Ken Howery|date=October 11, 2016|work=IVY MAGAZINE|access-date=August 15, 2017|archive-date=August 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815103911/http://magazine.ivy.com/2016/10/ken-howery-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​Howery waa la-taliye u ah Kiva, oo ah urur samafal oo 501(c)(3) ah kaas oo dadka u saamaxaya inay internetka amaah lacageed u mariyaan ganacsatada dakhliga yar iyo ardayda ku sugan in ka badan 80 waddan. Wuxuu xubin ka yahay [[U.S. Council on Competitiveness]], oo leh ujeeddo cad oo ah kordhinta tartanka dhaqaale ee Maraykanka ee suuqa caalamiga ah.<ref name=":0" /> ​Hantida saafiga ah ee Howery waxay gaaraysaa $1.5 bilyan.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-02-01|title=PayPal net worth has surpassed parent company eBay - Compelo|url=https://www.ns-businesshub.com/popular/paypal-net-worth/|access-date=2020-06-17|website=NS Business|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617092232/https://www.ns-businesshub.com/popular/paypal-net-worth/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​ === Diblamaasiyadda === ​ ==== Boqortooyada Sweden ==== [[File:Ambassador Ken Howery Swearing-In.jpg|thumb|Ken Howery oo si rasmi ah loogu dhaarinayo Safiirka Maraykanka ee Boqortooyada Sweden.]] Janaayo 16, 2019, Howery waxaa magacaabay [[Donald Trump|Madaxweyne Donald Trump]] si uu u noqdo Safiirka Gaarka ah iyo Wakiilka Buuxa ee Maraykanka ee Boqortooyada Sweden.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations Sent to the Senate|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/nominations-sent-senate/|access-date=17 September 2019|website=The White House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20190529/sweden-one-step-closer-to-getting-a-us-ambassador-after-a-28-month-wait|title=Sweden one step closer to getting a US ambassador – after more than two years|date=May 29, 2019|website=www.thelocal.se}}</ref> Ka dib dhageysiga xaqiijinta ee May 16, 2019, Guddiga Xiriirka Dibadda ee Aqalka Sare ayaa si wanaagsan u soo gudbiyay magacaabista Howery, waxaana Aqalka Sare uu xaqiijiyay Howery bishii Sebtembar 17, 2019, isagoo helay codad gaaraya 62–32.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=1&vote=00285|title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 116th Congress - 1st Session|website=www.senate.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PN127 — Kenneth A. Howery — Department of State |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/116th-congress/127 |website=Congress.gov |date=17 September 2019 |access-date=17 September 2019}}</ref> Dhageysigii xaqiijintiisa, Howery wuxuu sheegay in mudnaantiisa safiirnimo ay ku jiri doonto raadinta xiriir dhaqaale iyo mid ganacsi oo ballaaran, horumarinta ballanqaadyada amniga ee labada dhinac, iyo dhiirrigelinta fursadaha sayniska, tiknoolajiyadda iyo ganacsiga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement of Kenneth A. Howery |url=https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/051619_Howery_Testimony.pdf |website=Senate Foreign Relations Committee |access-date=17 September 2019}}</ref> ​Howery waxaa loo dhaariyay safiir ahaan bishii Oktoobar 10, 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ambassador Kenneth A. Howery|url=http://se.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/our-ambassador/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=U.S. Embassy in Sweden|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wuxuuna waraaqihiisa aqoonsiga u gudbiyay [[Carl XVI Gustaf|Boqor Carl XVI Gustaf]] bishii Nofeembar 7, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The King receives foreign ambassadors - Sveriges Kungahus|url=https://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/latestnews/2019/2019/thekingreceivesforeignambassadors.5.4f00651a16e3a89c9d018d7.html|access-date=2020-12-22|website=www.kungahuset.se|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111211242/https://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/latestnews/2019/2019/thekingreceivesforeignambassadors.5.4f00651a16e3a89c9d018d7.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​Safiir ahaan, Howery wuxuxu firfircoonaa dhinacyo badan oo siyaasadeed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title="USA:s och Sveriges militära samarbete har aldrig varit tätare än under Trump"|url=https://www.dn.se/sverige/usas-och-sveriges-militara-samarbete-har-aldrig-varit-tatare-an-under-trump/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=[[Dagens Nyheter]]|language=sv}}</ref> Howery wuxuu la xiriiray mas'uuliyiinta Sweden arrimaha difaaca iyo istaraatiijiyadda milatariga, oo ay ku jirto cadaadiska lagu kordhinayo is-waafajinta nidaamyada milatariga Maraykanka iyo Sweden.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Brussels|first=Michael M. Phillips in Gotland, Sweden, and James Marson in|date=2021-01-05|title=Russian Aggression Spurs Neighbors to Rebuild Defenses|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-aggression-spurs-neighbors-to-rebuild-defenses-11609859853|access-date=2021-02-16|issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-01-20|title=A Farewell Message from Ambassador Howery|url=http://se.usembassy.gov/a-farewell-message-from-ambassador-howery/|access-date=2021-02-16|website=U.S. Embassy in Sweden|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202151410/https://se.usembassy.gov/a-farewell-message-from-ambassador-howery/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sidoo kale wuxuu u dooday ujeeddada fog ee Maraykanka ee ah kordhinta kharashka difaaca Yurub; Sweden waxay ansixisay 40% koror ah kharashka difaaca muddo shan sano ah intii Howery xilka hayay - kororkii ugu weynaa muddo ka badan 70 sano.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=Associated Press|date=2020-12-15|title=Sweden ups defense budget 40% due to regional tensions|url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2020/12/15/sweden-ups-defense-budget-40-due-to-regional-tensions/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=Defense News|language=en-US}}</ref> Madaxweyne Trump ayaa markii dambe ammaanay hoggaanka Howery ee kordhinta difaaca, amniga, iyo iskaashiga dhaqaale ee u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo Sweden, isagoo yiri "wuxuu qarankeenna ugu adeegay si heer sare ah," isagoo safiir ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Truth Social |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/113698764270730405 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> ​Howery wuxuu si xooggan u taageeray tiknoolajiyadda nadiifka ah ee [[5G]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Piauger|first=Alexander|date=2020-01-23|title=USA:s ambassadör om Kinas investeringar i Göteborg: "Det kan ni få ångra"|url=http://www.gp.se/1.22909257|access-date=2020-12-22|website=gp.se|language=sv}}</ref> isagoo dhiirrigelinaya booska rasmiga ah ee [[United States Department of State|Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Maraykanka]] oo dhiirrigelisa isticmaalka qalabka ay samaysay shirkadda Sweden ee [[Ericsson]] kuna adkaysata in alaabta ay samaysay [[Huawei]] ay khatar amni ku tahay demoqraadiyadda. Howery wuxuu la kulmay mas'uuliyiin sare oo u dhashay Sweden isagoo kala hadlay [[Concerns over Chinese involvement in 5G wireless networks|amniga 5G]] bishii Sebtembar, 2020,<ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1303787634037264385|date=9 September 2020|title=Secure 5G, Arctic issues, and eastern Europe are just some of the issues the U.S. and Sweden cooperate on hand-in-hand. Thanks @SweMFA State Secretary Rydberg and @SweAmericas Head Veronika Wand-Danielsson (@AmbVWD) for a great discussion.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909201043/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1303787634037264385|archive-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> Sweden ayaana markaas ka dib ku dhawaaqday mamnuucidda qalabka ka yimaada shirkadaha isgaarsiinta ee Huawei iyo [[ZTE]] ee shabakaddeeda 5G.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Soderpalm|first=Supantha Mukherjee, Helena|date=2020-10-20|title=Sweden bans Huawei, ZTE from upcoming 5G networks|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sweden-huawei-int-idUSKBN2750WA|access-date=2020-12-22}}</ref> ​Howery wuxuu sidoo kale dhiirrigeliyay iskaashiga kor loo qaaday, oo ay ku jiraan arrimaha amniga, ee u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo Sweden ee gobolka [[Arctic]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-19|title=DEBATT: "Ryssland och Kina skapar risker i Arktis"|language=sv|work=Svenska Dagbladet|url=https://www.svd.se/ryssland-och-kina-skapar-risker-i-arktis|access-date=2020-12-22|issn=1101-2412}}</ref> Oktoobar 2020, Sweden waxay daabacday Istaraatiijiyadeedii ugu horreysay ee cusub ee Arctic muddo toban sano ah, iyadoo iftiimisay walaacyada ku saabsan xumaanshaha xiriirka caalamiga ah iyo kororka dhaqdhaqaaqa milatariga ee Arctic.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Regeringskansliet|first=Regeringen och|date=2020-11-10|title=Sweden's strategy for the Arctic region 2020|url=https://www.government.se/information-material/2020/11/swedens-strategy-for-the-arctic-region-2020/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=Regeringskansliet|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bye|first=Text Hilde-Gunn|title=Sweden Launches New Arctic Strategy|url=https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/sweden-launches-new-arctic-strategy|access-date=2020-12-22|website=www.highnorthnews.com|language=en}}</ref> U doodistiisa Arctic waxaa ka mid ahaa gacan ka gaysashada samaynta iskaashi dhex mara Hindisaha Arctic ee [[Harvard Kennedy School|Harvard Kennedy School of Government]] iyo [[Luleå University of Technology]] ee Sweden.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arctic Innovation Lab: New Ideas For a Better Arctic|url=https://www.belfercenter.org/event/arctic-innovation-lab-new-ideas-better-arctic|access-date=2020-12-22|website=Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs|date=9 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ​Maaddaama Sweden ay u adeegto sidii [[protecting power|quwad difaac]] u ah Maraykanka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya,<ref>{{Cite web|title=North Korea International Travel Information|url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/KoreaDemocraticPeoplesRepublicof.html|access-date=2021-02-16|website=travel.state.gov|archive-date=2019-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820120354/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/KoreaDemocraticPeoplesRepublicof.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Howery wuxuu ka shaqeeyay inuu ilaaliyo marin isgaarsiineed oo xooggan oo loogu talagalay dadaalka hub ka dhigista nukliyeerka, wuxuuna kala shaqeeyay mas'uuliyiinta Sweden sidii looga hortagi lahaa macluumaadka khaldan, loona dhiirrigelin lahaa demoqraadiyadda, xuquuqda aadanaha, ganacsiga xorta ah, iyo amniga gobolka.<ref name=":1" /> ​Howery wuxuu u dooday muhiimadda hufnaanta iyo wadaagga macluumaadka ee dalalka u dhexeeya si looga jawaabo si wax ku ool ah [[COVID-19 pandemic|faafitaanka COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DEBATT. USA:s ambassadör: Vi must be united in the fight against corona|url=https://www.expressen.se/debatt/usas-ambassador-vi-maste-forenas-i-kampen-mot-corona/|access-date=2020-12-22|website=www.expressen.se|date=2 April 2020 |language=sv}}</ref> Wuxuu hoggaamiyay dadaallada Safaaradda Maraykanka ee Stockholm si looga caawiyo shirkadda Sweden ee [[Getinge Group|Getinge]] arrimaha silsiladda sahayda, isagoo ka caawiyay inay ballaariso soo saarista qalabka neefsashada (ventilators) ee loogu talagalay bukaannada COVID-19 ee Maraykanka iyo adduunka oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Remarks for the October 1, 2020 SACC-USA Executive Forum|url=https://se.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/our-ambassador/remarks-for-the-october-1-2020-sacc-usa-executive-forum/|url-status=live|access-date=2020-12-22|website=U.S. Embassy in Sweden|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113131339/https://se.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/our-ambassador/remarks-for-the-october-1-2020-sacc-usa-executive-forum/|archive-date=2021-01-13|language=en-US}}</ref> ​Howery wuxuu xiriir la sameeyay bulshada akadeemiyadda ee Sweden, oo ay ku jirto doorka jaamacaduhu ka ciyaari karaan ganacsiga iyo muhiimadda daacadnimada akadeemiyadeed.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-14|title=US Ambassador Kenneth Howery highlights the university's importance for entrepreneurship - Luleå University of Technology|url=https://www.ltu.se/ltu/media/news/USA-s-ambassador-Kenneth-Howery-lyfter-universitetets-betydelse-for-entreprenorskap-1.195935?l=en|access-date=2020-12-22|website=www.ltu.se|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112142316/https://www.ltu.se/ltu/media/news/USA-s-ambassador-Kenneth-Howery-lyfter-universitetets-betydelse-for-entreprenorskap-1.195935?l=en|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1336325405968482311|date=8 December 2020|title=Delighted to have leaders of several of Sweden's top universities join me for a wide-ranging discussion today with @STASatState Dr. Mung Chiang about ensuring academic integrity while promoting cutting-edge research.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119135102/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1336325405968482311|archive-date=19 January 2021}}</ref> Wuxuu wacyigelin u sameeyay bulshooyinka ganacsiga ee Maraykanka iyo Sweden ee ku sugan Sweden,<ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1318502030663684097|date=20 October 2020|title=Enjoyed talking about #entrepreneurship and #innovation with #Malmö tech investor Hampus Jakobsson (@hajak) at Malmö Business Day.|archive-url=https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1318502030663684097|archive-date=19 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1228246870729854976|date=14 February 2020|title=Impressed by @SSAB_AB's innovative initiatives to pilot (and eventually scale up) carbon free steel production. Also excited to find out how SSAB Americas is bringing their technology to #Iowa and #Alabama. Private sector innovation will lead the way.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214100426/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1228246870729854976|archive-date=14 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1219984425527730177|date=22 January 2020|title=Thank you to Henrik Henriksson and the entire team at @scaniagroup in #Södertälje for a wonderful day learning about #Scania!|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119135406/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1219984425527730177|archive-date=19 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1217374098025779200|date=15 January 2020|title=Honored to be invited to @AstraZeneca incubator, @BioVentureHub, which houses some fascinating bio- and medtech startups. I hope to see them invested in the U.S. one day soon!|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115121911/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1217374098025779200|archive-date=15 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1204030334767112193|date=9 December 2019|title=Thanks to @Ericsson CEO Börje Ekholm for showing me how Ericsson provides secure 5G technology to networks around the world. #USSwedishTrade|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209134232/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1204030334767112193|archive-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> oo ay ku jirto khudbado uu ka jeediyay Rugta Ganacsiga ee Swedish-American iyo Rugta Ganacsiga ee Maraykanka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXECUTIVE FORUM 2020 [WASHINGTON, D.C.]|url=https://www.sacc-ne.org/event/2020/10/1/executive-forum-2020-washington-dc|access-date=2020-12-22|website=SACC-NE|date=October 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A Conversation with Ambassador Kenneth A. Howery|url=https://www.amcham.se/calendar/2020/5/14/a-conversation-with-ambassador-kenneth-a-howery|access-date=2020-12-22|website=American Chamber of Commerce in Sweden|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112032919/https://www.amcham.se/calendar/2020/5/14/a-conversation-with-ambassador-kenneth-a-howery|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sidoo kale wuxuu xiriir la sameeyay machadyada cilmi-baarista sayniska ee ugu sarreeya Sweden, jardiinooyinka sayniska, iyo Wakaaladda Hal-abuurka ee Sweden.<ref>{{Cite tweet|author=European Spallation Source|author-link=European Spallation Source|user=essneutron|number=1318514303025225730|date=20 October 2020|title=We were happy to host the US Ambassador to Sweden on site yesterday! We look forward to seeing you at #ESSneutron again soon @USAmbSweden!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=MAX IV Laboratory|author-link=MAX IV Laboratory|user=MAXIVLaboratory|number=1318448905009418241|date=20 October 2020|title=We are glad and honored to have welcomed @USAmbSweden to @MAXIVLaboratory. No one better than our director Ian McNulty could showcase the great potential of the world's brightest source of #xray and the opportunities for #research and #collaboration.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1318905114246131712|date=21 October 2020|title=Exciting to see some of the cutting-edge life science work going on @MedeonSP and Open Lab #Skåne this morning; hope some of these firms will consider investing in and partnering with the United States soon.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021132230/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1318905114246131712|archive-date=21 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Lindholmen Science Park|author-link=Lindholmen Science Park|user=Lindholmen|number=1219631267521748992|date=21 January 2020|title=Här är ett förevigat ögonblick från det intressanta och givande besöket med ambassadör Ken Howery @USAmbSweden. #gbgftw #lindholmensciencepark #Sweden #collaboration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=Ken Howery|author-link=Ken Howery|user=USAmbSweden|number=1236927009256865792|date=9 March 2020|title=Interesting briefing by @vinnovase DG Darja Isaksson (@darjaisaksson) on their operations, strategic innovation programs and activities in the U.S.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309082203/https://twitter.com/USAmbSweden/status/1236927009256865792|archive-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> ​Iyadoo laga jawaabayo baaqyada sii kordhaya ee ku biirista Sweden ee NATO ka dib [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|duullaankii buuxay ee Ruushku ku qaaday Ukraine]] bishii Febraayo 2022, Howery wuxuu qoray maqaal ra'yi ah isagoo leh duullaankii Ukraine wuxuu si weyn u beddelay ra'yiga dadweynaha Sweden ee ku aaddan NATO, iyo in dalku uu "noqon doono mid aad ugu soo kordha" isbahaysiga, ku biiristiisuna "ay noqon doonto sabab loo dabbaal-dego."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Howery |first=Ken |date=July 20, 2022 |title=Sweden and NATO are ready for each other |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/3567434-sweden-and-nato-are-ready-for-each-other/ |access-date=January 10, 2025 |work=The Hill}}</ref> ​ ==== Boqortooyada Denmark ==== Madaxweynaha la doortay Donald Trump ayaa Howery u magacaabay inuu noqdo Safiirka Gaarka ah iyo Wakiilka Buuxa ee Maraykanka ee [[Kingdom of Denmark|Boqortooyada Denmark]] bishii Diseembar 22, 2024.<ref name=":2" /> ​ ==Nolosha shakhsiga ah== Howery waa doob.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ken Howery |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ken-howery/ |website=Forbes |access-date=31 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref> ​Wuxuu guri ku leeyahay Power Mountain, oo ah goob lagu ciyaaro barafka oo ku taal Utah.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Paul |title=Welcome to Powder Mountain – a utopian club for the millennial elite |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/16/powder-mountain-ski-resort-summit-elite-club-rich-millennials |work=The Guardian |date=16 March 2018}}</ref> Sanadkii 2021, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' ayaa ku warrantay in Howery iyo Musk ay wada deganaayeen guriga Howery ee cabbirkiisu yahay 8,000-square-foot oo u dhow Wabiga Colorado ee Austin. Musk, si kasta ha ahaatee, wuxuu beeniyay sheegashadaas isagoo emayl ugu diray ''[[Business Insider]]'' xilligaas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Newsham |first1=Grace Kay, Jack |title=Elon Musk is a homeowner again, despite his claims of couch surfing |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musks-secret-austin-house-2024-4 |work=Business Insider |date=8 May 2024}}</ref> ​Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii ''WSJ'' ee bishii Diseembar 2021, ka dib markii uu dhammaaday muddadiisii safiirnimo ee Sweden, wuxuu "ku jiray safar uu ku marayay adduunka, oo ay ku jirto baacsiga duufaannada iyo dhacdooyinka kale ee cimilada aadka u daran oo uu u leeyahay hiwaayad ahaan, sida ay sheegeen dad yaqaanna."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Copeland |first1=Rob |title=Elon Musk Says He Lives in a $50,000 House. He Doesn’t Talk About the Austin Mansion. |url=https://www.wsj.com/real-estate/elon-musk-says-he-lives-in-a-50-000-house-he-doesnt-talk-about-the-austin-mansion-11640188548 |access-date=31 October 2025 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=22 December 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250420235406/https://www.wsj.com/real-estate/elon-musk-says-he-lives-in-a-50-000-house-he-doesnt-talk-about-the-austin-mansion-11640188548 |archive-date=20 April 2025}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ​{{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{s-bef|before=[[Azita Raji]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[:en:United States Ambassador to Sweden|Safiirka Maraykanka u fadhiya Sweden]]|years=2019–2021}} {{s-aft|after=[[Erik Ramanathan]]}} {{s-end}} 47rtwzyuxqj74domby6fg55hdncmpxp 0 47706 308337 300788 2026-09-17T07:40:09Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image= |image_caption= }} |section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header= |name=* ''Dania'' (1965–1976) * ''Kviksholm'' (1976–1981) * ''Rodriguez'' (1981–1987) * ''Dania'' (1987–2002) |owner=Nieuwe Kustvaart Mij Naamloze Vennootschap |operator= |registry={{flag|Amsterdam}} |route= |ordered= |builder=Hatlo Verksted SA ([[Ulsteinvik]]) |original_cost= |yard_number= |way_number= |laid_down= |launched=1965 |completed= |christened= |maiden_voyage= |in_service= |out_of_service= |identification= |fate=* La qarqariyay 2002 |notes= }} |section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption= |class= |displacement=495&nbsp;[[long ton]]s |length={{convert|75|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |beam={{convert|10.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |height= |draught={{convert|3.81|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |draft= |depth= |decks= |deck_clearance= |ramps= |ice_class= |sail_plan= |power={{convert|1400|hp|abbr=on}} |propulsion=MAK 8-cylinder diesel |speed=13kn |capacity= |crew= |notes= }} }} '''''Dania''''' wuxuu ahaa markab xamuul ah oo la qarqariyay 27 Oktoobar 2002 ee Nyali Reef, oo ku dhow [[Bamburi]], [[Kenya]]. == Dhismaha iyo waayihii shaqo == MV ''Dania'' waxaa lagu dhisay [[Ulsteinvik]] ([[Norway]]) shirkadda maraakiibta ee fadhigeedu yahay Amsterdam ee Nieuwe Kustvaart Mij Naamloze Vennootschap, taas oo ka ganacsan jirtay badaha Waqooyi iyo Baltic. Noofambar 1976, markabka waxaa loo iibiyay mulkiilaha markabka ee Norway Simon Mokster waxaana loo beddelay ''Kviksholm''. Waxaa mar kale la iibiyay Ogosto 1981 mulkiilaha markabka ee Mauritius Mascareignes Shipping and Trading Company Limited waxaana loo beddelay ''Rodriguez'', oo loogu magac daray jasiirad ka mid ah jasiiradaha Mascarene. Waxaa markaas loo beddelay markab xoolaha qaada, isaga oo u kala goosha Koonfurta Afrika, Mozambique iyo Mauritius.<ref name="BD">{{cite web |url=http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/ecology/mv-dania/ |title=MV Dania |last1= |first1= |date= |website=Buccaneer Diving |access-date= |archive-date=2013-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928075644/http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/ecology/mv-dania/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 1987, waxaa iibsaday Columbus Incorporated. Waxaa laga diiwaangeliyay San Morenzo, Honduras, waxaa loo beddelay magacii asalka ahaa, wuxuuna sii waday inuu ka shaqeeyo xeebta Afrika ee Badweynta Hindiya iyo waqooyiga ilaa Gacanka Persic. Ugu dambeyntii, 1997, milkiilihii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu ahaa Spanfreight Shipping Limited, oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Mombasa]], Kenya. 2001, markabka lama isticmaalin, sababtoo ah burburka gaadiidka xoolaha nool ee gobolka. Isagoo ku sii jeeda burburin Hindiya, waxaa ugu dambeyntii iibsaday kooxda quusitaanka ee Buccaneer Diving,<ref name="BD"/> taasoo diyaarisay, nadiifisay, ugu dambeyntiina qarqisay (iyadoo la raacayo heshiiska [[Kenya Wildlife Service]]) xeebta Leven ee u dhow Mombasa, qoto dheer oo 30 m ah 27 Oktoobar 2002.<ref name="DPA">[http://diveproafrica.com/mv-dania-east-africas-number-1-wreck-dive-site/ MV Dania, East Africa's n°1 wreck dive site] {{Wayback|url=http://diveproafrica.com/mv-dania-east-africas-number-1-wreck-dive-site/ |date=20130928040531 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928040531/http://diveproafrica.com/mv-dania-east-africas-number-1-wreck-dive-site/ |date=2013-09-28 }}.</ref> == Dalxiiska == Burburka markabka wuxuu ku yaallaa {{convert|1.5|km}} u jira ras Iwetine ee [[Bamburi]], waqooyiga [[Mombasa]]: tani waxay ka dhigan tahay toban daqiiqo oo safar ah oo lagu marayo doon matoor leh. Isku-duwayaashiisu waa {{coord|-4.017746|39.7743155}}.<ref>[http://diveseven.com/atlas#lat=-4.017582480032872&lng=39.7451000213623&zoom=14 Goobta] {{Wayback|url=http://diveseven.com/atlas#lat=-4.017582480032872&lng=39.7451000213623&zoom=14 |date=20131014032238 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014032238/http://diveseven.com/atlas#lat=-4.017582480032872&lng=39.7451000213623&zoom=14 |date=2013-10-14 }} on diveseven.com.</ref> Wuxuu u yaallaa {{cvt|30|m}} oo qoto dheer oo ciid ah, iyadoo qaybaha ugu sarreeya ay ku yaallaan {{cvt|12|m}} qoto dheer xilliga biyuhu guraan.<ref name="BD2"/> Burburka markabku wuxuu leeyahay xadhig ammaan ah oo loogu talagalay maraakiibta quusitaanka. Hadhaagii ''Dania'' waxay ku yaallaan biyo gacmeed oo aad ugu habboon quusitaanka. Waa meel caan ku ah quusitaanka madadaalada ee scuba.<ref name="BD2">{{cite web|url=http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/dania.php|title=Dania Wreck|publisher=Buccaneer Diving|accessdate=|archive-date=2013-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928070805/http://www.buccaneerdiving.com/dive-sites/dania.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Burburka markabka waxaa gumaystay noocyo badan oo xayawaan ah.<ref name="TDK">[http://www.tropicaldivingkenya.com/diving/mv-dania.html MV Dania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tropicaldivingkenya.com/diving/mv-dania.html |date=20130927150248 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927150248/http://www.tropicaldivingkenya.com/diving/mv-dania.html |date=2013-09-27 }} on TropicalDivingKenya.</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{2002 shipwrecks}} {{Recreational dive sites|wresit}} {{Coord|4.013247|S|39.756432|E|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dania, MV}} bz7dbyk8ucjn5u146t1krb3fr3tkaxw 0 47870 308392 299318 2026-09-17T11:17:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Berg | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Bergrivier | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = BergRiverDam.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Biyo-xireenka Berg River | map ={{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=yes |id1=Q2254821|type1=line|stroke-colour1=#4271ae|stroke-width1=5 |id2=Q123178952|type2=shape|fill-colour2=#4271ae|stroke-colour2=#4271ae|stroke-width2=1|title2=Berg Estuary Ramsar Site }} | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu ka dhasho Berg River <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Western Cape Province]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|294|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Koonfurta [[Franschhoek]] | source1_location = [[Drakenstein]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1000|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = Waqooyiga [[Saldanha Bay]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|32|46|S|18|09|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|7715|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data ={{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 7 July 1998 | designation1_number = 2466<ref name="ramsar">{{Cite web|title=Berg Estuary Ramsar Site|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2466|accessdate=25 October 2023}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Berg River''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Great Berg River''' ama [[Af Afrikaans]]: '''Bergrivier''') waa wabi ku yaal waqooyiga [[Cape Town]] ee [[Western Cape Province]] ee dalka [[Koonfur Afrika]]. Waxa uu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 294 km (183 mi) oo leh [[Drainage basin|aag-qabasho]] dhan 7,715 km2 wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Qiyaastii 65% aagga Berg River waa beeraha. Magaalooyinka waaweyn ee aagga Berg River waa [[Velddrif]] iyo [[Laaiplek]] oo u dhow xeebta, iyo [[Piketberg]], [[Hopefield, Western Cape|Hopefield]], [[Moorreesburg]] iyo [[Darling, South Africa|Darling]] oo gudaha ku sii jira. ==Koorsada== [[File:The Kromriver, Western Cape.jpg|thumb|Krom River waa wabi hoosaad, iyada oo loo marayo Matjiesriver tributary, ilaa Berg River]] Berg River waxaa loo qaybin karaa qaybaha soo socda:<ref name="DWS-Berg">{{Cite book |author=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry |year=2004 |title=State of River Report: Berg River System |location=Pretoria |publisher=Department of Water and Sanitation, Republic of South Africa |isbn=978-0-620-32075-7 |url=http://www.dwa.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/berg04/berg.pdf |url-status=dead |df=dmy |access-date=2026-06-25 |archive-date=2012-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521162244/http://www.dwa.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/berg04/berg.pdf }}</ref> * Upper Berg River iyo wabi-hoosaadyada ::Waxa uu ka soo koraa koonfurta [[Franschhoek]] ee [[Drakenstein]] iyo [[Franschhoek Mountains]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed, iyadoo ay ku biirayaan [[Franschhoek River]] iyo [[Wemmershoek River]] labaduba dhinaca midig (NE). Qaybtan wabiga waxay gacan ka geysataa qiyaastii saddex meelood meel qulqulka Berg. * Upper Middle Berg River iyo wabi-hoosaadyada ::Qaybtani waxay ka bilaabataa meel u dhow degmada [[Pniel, Western Cape|Pniel]], halkaas oo wabigu u leexdo dhinaca waqooyi ee koonfurta [[N1 (South Africa)|N1]], waxaa ku biiraya Dwars River oo ka yimid bidix (Galbeed), wuxuu qulqulaa magaalada [[Paarl]], waxaana ku biiraya Hugos River oo ka yimid midig (Bari). Ka dib Buuraha Paarl (Paardeberg) ee dhinaca bidix, wuxuu sii socdaa waqooyiga isagoo galaya doox ballaaran oo leh isticmaalka beeraha oo kordhay, wuxuu qulqulaa magaalada [[Wellington, South Africa|Wellington]], waxaana ku biiraya Krom River oo ka yimid midig. Hugos iyo Krom caadi ahaan waa [[perennial stream]]s waxayna ka soo qulqulaan buuraha [[Limietberg mountains]] ee dhinaca bari. Wellington, Sand River iyo [[Doring River (Berg)|Doring River]] ayaa ka soo gala bidix, wabi-hoosaadkii ugu dambeeyay ee qaybtan waa Kompagnes (Kompanjes) oo ka yimid midig. Sand, Doring iyo Kompagnes waa [[intermittent stream]]s, oo qulqulkoodu joogsado xagaaga. Sand iyo Doring waxay ka soo qulqulaan Kasteelberg (Buuraha Kasteel) iyo [[Riebfor Forest Reserve]] ee dhinaca galbeed. * Lower Middle Berg River iyo wabi-hoosaadyada ::[[Klein Berg River]] oo ka soo qulqula [[Tulbagh]] basin, iyo [[Vier-en-Twintig River]] oo ka soo qulqula inta badan [[Groot Winterhoek]] range, labaduba waxay galaan Berg River dhinaca bari ee u dhow magaalada [[Saron, Western Cape|Saron]], inkasta oo inta badan biyohooda hadda loo wareejiyay buuxinta [[Voëlvlei Dam]]. * Lower Berg River iyo wabi-hoosaadyada ::Wuxuu ku shubmaa Atlantic Oceans meel u dhow [[Velddrif]] dhinaca koonfureed ee [[St Helena Bay]]. == Taariikh == {{Unreferenced section|date=October 2018}} Diiwaankii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub ee Berg River waxaa sameeyay bailiff Abraham Gabbema 1657 markii Guddoomiyaha Dutch [[Jan van Riebeeck]] uu u diray inuu la ganacsado [[Khoikhoi]] si uu u helo hilibka degmada Cape. Gabbema wuxuu wabiga u bixiyay 'Groot Berg Rivier'. Sanadihii xigay qaar badan oo ka mid ah raggii van Riebeeck waxay ku tiirsanaayeen biyaha wabiga waxayna raaceen koorsadiisa qaloocan markii ay u safreen waqooyiga. In kasta oo uu booqday Gabbema, Berg Catchment horumarin maynin ilaa waqtigii Guddoomiye [[Simon van der Stel]] (1679–1699), taas oo ka horaysay degitaanka oo ku koobnayd Peninsula. Guddoomiye van der Stel wuxuu booqday aagga isagoo wata muwaadiniintii ugu horreeyay ee xorta ah, waxaana ku dhiirigeliyay bacriminta iyo quruxda Berg River, wuxuu aasaasay degitaankii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub ee Paarl iyo dooxada Drakenstein 1687. [[Wellington, Western Cape|Wellington]], [[Franschhoek]] iyo [[Tulbagh]] ayaa la aasaasay wax yar ka dib markii beeruhu ballaareen. == Deegaanka == Warbixintii dawladda ee 2004 ee ku saabsanayd wabiga ayaa tidhi: "Taariikh ahaan, Berg River wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah meelo badan oo ka mid ah Cape oo ay ku noolaayeen hippos laakiin, dabayaaqadii 1600-meeyadii, ugaarsaduhu waxay bilaabeen inay si xad-dhaaf ah uga faa'iidaystaan hippos-ka hilibkooda iyo haraggooda, taas oo keentay hoos u dhac ku yimaada tiradooda. Bartamihii 1700-meeyadii, waxay u dhaceen heer ay Guddoomiye Tulbagh soo rogeen ganaax dhan 1000 guilders qof kasta oo lagu qabto dilka hippo. In kasta oo ilaalintan, tiradoodu way sii yaraanaysay maadaama degitaanka aadanuhu uu beddelay oo uu burburiyay deegaankooda. Horraantii 1800-meeyadii, laga yaabee in kaliya darsin ay hadheen, oo ku dhuumanaya gobolka Kersefontein iyo estuary. 1829, lix hippos oo kaliya ayaa hadhay. Hippo-gii ugu dambeeyay ee la ogaa waxaa toogtay 1869 Martin Melck markii uu soo weeraray oo uu dilay mid ka mid ah shaqaalihiisa."<ref name="DWS-Berg" /> Eeg Skead<ref>{{Cite book|last=Skead |first=Cuthbert John |year=1980 |title=Historical Mammal Incidence in the Cape Province: The Western and Northern Cape |location=[[Cape Town]] |publisher=Department of Nature and Environmental Conservation of the Provincial Administration of the Cape of Good Hope |isbn=978-0-7984-0106-7 }}</ref> wixii faahfaahin dheeraad ah. Kalluunka asaliga ah ee Berg River wuxuu ka kooban yahay qaar ka mid ah [[species]] oo ah [[endemism|endemic]] gobolka sida [[Cape galaxias]] ''(Galaxias zebratus)'' iyo [[Berg River redfin]] (''Pseudobarbus burgi'').<ref name="Woodford">{{Cite journal|last1=Woodford |first1=Darragh J. |last2=Impson |first2=N. Dean |year=2004 |title=A preliminary assessment of the impact of alien rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on indigenous fishes of the upper Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=107–111 |doi=10.2989/16085910409503799 }}</ref> Waxay si xun u saameeyeen isticmaalka aan waarta ahayn ee aadanaha ee biyaha, laakiin ugu horreyn iyadoo la ballaarinayo kaydka kalluunka qalaad, kuwaas oo markii hore loo soo bandhigay si loo dhiso kalluumeysiga nooca Yurub. Inta badan dhibaatada ka mid ah kuwan waa [[predator]]y [[Smallmouth Bass]] (''Micropterus dolomieu''). [[Cape whitefish]] (''Pseudobarbus capensis'') &ndash; oo lagu qoray [[Endangered]] ee [[IUCN Red List]] &ndash; waxay u muuqataa inay ka baaba'day Berg River oo sax ah waqtiyadii dhawaa; noocan weyn wuxuu ka badbaadaa meelo kale wuxuuna u noqon karaa mid ku habboon kalluumeysiga ama aquaculture. [[Berg River redfin]] (''Pseudobarbus burgi'') wuxuu leeyahay mid ka mid ah [[Population (biology)|dadka]] ugu waaweyn ee ugu dambeeya ee Berg River; hoos u dhacooda halkaas waxay u muuqataa inuu joogsaday ama ugu yaraan gaabiyay, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa horay loogu taxay sida Endangered by IUCN. Trout sidoo kale waa dhibaato wabiga Berg ee sare.<ref name="Woodford" /> === Berg Estuary Ramsar Site === [[File:ISS006-E-37018 - View of South Africa, Berg River estuary.jpg|thumb|right|Berg River ee hoose oo laga arkay hawada sare. Waxay ku qulqulaan Velddrif iyo Laaiplek ka hor intaanay gaarin [[St Helena Bay]].]] 2022, 1162.8 ha Berg Estuary Ramsar Site ayaa loo qoondeeyay agagaarka Berg River. Agagaarka 127 nooc oo shimbiro biyood ah ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay deegaanka qoyan ee ku hareeraysan, oo ay ku jiraan [[Cape cormorant]] oo khatar ku jira. Kalluunka khatarta ah ee laga helo biyahiisa waxaa ka mid ah [[white steenbras]] iyo [[Rhabdosargus globiceps|white stumpnose]].<ref name="ramsar" /> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Berg River Dam]] (aan ka fogayn [[Franschhoek]]){{coord|-33.90240|19.057000|type:landmark_region:ZA|display=inline}} * [[Berg River Canoe Marathon]] * [[Wemmershoek Dam]] ee Berg River ee sare (waqooyiga [[Franschhoek]]) * [[Nantes Dam]], iyo (galbeedka [[Paarl]]) * [[Bethel Dam]], (galbeedka [[Paarl]]), ee Upper Middle Berg River * [[Voëlvlei Dam]] ee Lower Middle Berg River, iyo (koonfurta [[Gouda, Western Cape|Gouda]]) * [[Misverstand Dam]] ee Lower Berg River. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061008000422/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/berg.html Berg River catchment area] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070206105549/http://www.tcta.co.za/article.jsp?menu_id=164 Berg River Project] * [http://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers.html River Health Programme reports] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers.html |date=20160328081539 }} {{Authority control}} oztn3d6c8eisudlfum2t97cvnihjlr8 0 48101 308236 301212 2026-09-17T02:00:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Thune | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Botswana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|-22.18071|28.70232|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Botswana]] | location = [[Central District (Botswana)|Degmada Dhexe]] | purpose = | status = | construction_began = | opening = 2013 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = | dam_height = {{convert|33.6|m}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = {{convert|1.7|km}} | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{convert|90000000|m3}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Thune''' waa biyo-xireen ku yaalla [[Webiga Thune (Motloutse)|Webiga Thune]] ee dalka [[Botswana]], kaas oo dhismihiisu socday sannadkii 2012 isla markaana la furay sannadkii 2013. Waxa uu leeyahay awood qorshaysan oo dhan {{convert|90000000|m3}}.{{sfn|Media tours MMEWR Project Sites}} ==Sharaxaad== Biyo-xireenku waxa uu ku yaallaa webiga Thune, xagga sare ee isgoyska uu la leeyahay [[Webiga Motloutse|Motloutse]]. Biyo-xireenku waxa uu ku yaallaa dhul siman, waxaana uu yeelan doonaa qoto dheer celcelis ahaan ilaa {{convert|15|m}}. Marka la eego cimilada kulul oo abaaraha ah, uumiga biyaha ee lumaya waa arrin walaac weyn leh. Habab kala duwan oo lagu yareynayo khasaarahan ayaa la tixgeliyey balse waa la diiday. Biyo-xireenku waxa uu noqon doonaa dhismo carro ah oo leh udub-dhexaad dhoobo ah.{{sfn|Uys|2011}} Waxa uu noqon doonaa {{convert|33.6|m}} oo joog ah, iyada oo uu leeyahay derbi dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|1.7|km}} iyo awood dhan {{convert|90000000|m3}}.{{sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}} ==Ujeeddo== Biyo-xireenku waxa uu biyo cabitaan ah siin doonaa tuulooyin dhowr ah oo ku yaalla aagga [[Bobirwa]], iyo biyo waraabin ah oo loo isticmaali doono mashruuc beeraha ah oo u dhow [[Mathathane]].{{sfn|Modikwa|2010}} Marka la dhammeeyo, biyaha waxaa loo qaybin doonaa tuulooyinka [[Bobonong]], [[Motlhabaneng]], [[Mathathane]], [[Tsetsebjwe]], [[Mabolwe]], [[Semolale]], [[Gobojango]], [[Lepokole]] iyo [[Molalatau]].{{sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}} ==Dhismaha== Aqoon-is-weydaarsi daneeyayaasha ah ayaa lagu qabtay bishii Sebtembar 2009 hoolka dugsiga sare ee Molalatau, halkaas oo Wasiirku uu ku bixiyey macluumaad isla markaana uu uga jawaabay su'aalo. Waxa uu uga digay in inkasta oo biyo-xireenku uu keeni doono faa'iidooyin waaweyn, ay jiri doonaan dhibaatooyin inta lagu guda jiro habka dhismaha sida qulqulka muhaajiriinta sharci-darrada ah, dambiyada iyo dhibaatooyinka xagga galmada sida HIV/AIDS iyo uurka gabdhaha da'da yar.{{sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}} Goobta biyo-xireenka waxaa lagu wareejiyey qandaraaslaha, Zhon Gan Engineering and Construction, 30 Abriil 2010.{{sfn|Kolantsho|2010}} Mashruuca ayaa la qorsheeyay in la dhammaystiro Abriil 2013. Warshadda daaweynta biyaha iyo dhuumaha ayaa laga yaabaa inay dib u dhacaan ilaa 2014 sababo la xiriira dhibaatooyin dhanka maalgelinta ah. Bishii Luulyo 2010 waxaa la sheegay in shaqadii goobta biyo-xireenka ay istaagtay tan iyo dhacdo lagu dilay shaqaale bil ka hor. Nadiifinta duurka ayaa laga bilaabay goobta si loo sameeyo sahan, laakiin mashruucu wuu ka dambeeyay jadwalka.{{sfn|Modikwa|2010}} Xaflad dhagax-dhig ah ayaa la qabtay bishii Sebtembar 2010, waxaana ka soo qayb galay Ponatshego Kedikilwe, Wasiirka Macdanta, Tamarta iyo Khayraadka Biyaha.{{sfn|Tshukudu|2010}} Laga bilaabo Maarso 2011, Biyo-xireenka Thune wuxuu ahaa 38% oo kaliya. Dib-u-dhacyada waxaa sababay daadad, waxaana jirtay dhibaatooyin ka haystay dhismaha hoyga iyo ruqsadaha.{{sfn|Pheage|2011}} ==Tixraacyo== '''Xigashooyin''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Ilaha''' {{refbegin}} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}} |url=http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Minerals-Energy-and-Water-Resources-MMWER/Latest-News/ |publisher=Wasaaradda Macdanta, Tamarta iyo Khayraadka Biyaha (MMEWR) |title=Aqoon-is-weydaarsigii ugu horreeyey ee Daneeyayaasha ee Mashruuca Dhismaha Biyo-xireenka Thune oo la qabtay. |date=17 Oktoobar 2009 |access-date=2012-09-20}} * {{cite web |url=http://72.167.255.126/index.php?sid=4aid=1212dir=2012/June/Friday22&aid=5082&dir=2010/September/Wednesday22 |title=PHK oo ka digay qandaraaslayaasha Biyo-xireenka Thune |last=Kolantsho |first=Calistus |date=22 Sebtembar 2010 |work=Mmegi Online |access-date=2012-09-20 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Media tours MMEWR Project Sites}} |url=http://www.mmewr.gov.bw/downloads/download.php?dir=newsletters/&&file=internalCOMMUNIQUE_2_2011.pdf&&type=PDF |title=Warbaahintu waxay booqatay goobaha mashruuca MMEWR |date=12 Abriil 2011 |publisher=Wasaaradda Macdanta, Tamarta & Khayraadka Biyaha |access-date=2012-09-20 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=3394&dir=2010/July/Friday2 |last=Modikwa |first=Onalenna |date=2 Luulyo 2010 |title=Dhismaha biyo-xireenka Thune oo la hakiyay |work=Mmegi Online |access-date=2012-09-20}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8934%3Afloods-delayed-dam-construction-&catid=18%3Aheadlines&Itemid=2 |title=Daadad dib u dhigay dhismaha biyo-xireenka |last=Pheage |first=Tefo |date=9 Maarso 2011 |work=The Botswana Gazette |access-date=2012-09-20 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.thevoicebw.com/2010/09/24/giving-a-dam/ |work=The Voice |title=BIIXIN BIYO-XIREEN |last=Tshukudu |first=Innocent |date=24 Sebtembar, 2010 |access-date=2012-09-20 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.jgi.co.za/news/item/three-dams-and-a-pipeline |last=Uys |first=Dominic |publisher=Jeffares & Green |title=Saddex Biyo-xireen iyo Dhuumaha Biyaha : Biyaha Bullaacadaha & Qashinka |date=Jannaayo 2011 |access-date=2012-09-20 |archive-date=2014-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053200/http://www.jgi.co.za/news/item/three-dams-and-a-pipeline |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} 9luu6q1rjfrfd6dsw1140wx6wefuxil 0 48104 308235 301210 2026-09-17T01:56:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Mogobane | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Botswana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|-24.972885|25.700714|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Botswana | location = [[South-East District (Botswana)|Degmada Koonfur-Bari]] | purpose = Waraabin | status = | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = | dam_height = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Mogobane''' waa biyo-xireen ku yaalla [[Webiga Mogobane]] ee dalka Botswana.{{sfn|Hester|Tyler|Simic|2003}} Biyo-xireenka waxaa loo isticmaalaa waraabin waxaana uu sidoo kale taageeraa meel ay ku noolaadaan shimbiraha. ==Asalka== Mashruuca Waraabinta ee Mogobane waxaa la sameeyay xilligii gumeysiga iyadoo la adeegsanayo xoogga [[Dadka Balete|Balete]] si loo dhiso xarumo degitaan, bakhaar iyo qolal kayd ah, biyo-xireenka, kanaalka iyo {{convert|50|ha}} oo ah beeraha la waraabin karo. Waxaa la wareegay golaha degmada 1966-kii. {{sfn|Balete should write... 2001}} Waxaa loo wareejiyay Guddiga Dhulka ee Malete markii la dhisay 1972-kii, ka dibna waxaa loo kiraystay Shirkadda Horumarinta Botswana (BDC).{{sfn|Balete determined ... 2003}} Sannadkii 2001, beeraha waraabinta ayaa la iibiyay.{{sfn|Balete should write... 2001}} Kulankii Oktoobar 2003, dadka Balete waxay ku baaqayeen in morafe-du ay dib ula wareegaan Mashruuca Waraabinta Mogobane, kaas oo ay awoowayaashood ku dhisteen dhulkooda.{{sfn|Balete determined ... 2003}} ==Isticmaalka== Biyo-xireenku waxa uu biyo siiyaa xoolaha iyo dadka degan tuulada [[Mogobane]].{{sfn|Botswana Savings Bank... 2007}} Sannadkii 1982, biyo-xireenka waxaa ku dhacay dulin-biyoodka [[bilharzia]] sidaas darteedna looma isticmaali karo dabaasha. Biyaha waa in la kariyaa ka hor intaan la cabin.{{sfn|Anti-TB Campaign 1982}} Xilliyada roobabka mahiigaanka ah, biyo-xireenka ayaa laga yaabaa inuu daadato, taasoo fatahaad ku keenta tuulada Mogobane ee ku dhow.{{sfn|Mgwanaamotho|2011}} ==Shimbiraha Biyaha== Waxaa jira meel ay ku noolaadaan shimbiraha oo xuduud la leh biyo-xireenka dhanka galbeed, iyadoo hadafku yahay in la ilaaliyo shimbiraha aan loo kala saarin shimbiraha ugaarta ah.{{sfn|Du Saussay|1984|p=58}} Kaydka biyuhu waa hoyga noocyo badan oo shimbiraha ah, iyadoo in ka badan todobaatan nooc la diiwaangeliyay waqtiyo kala duwan oo sannadka ah oo ay ku jiraan 11 nooc oo shimbiraha herons-ka iyo egrets-ka ah, 14 nooc oo shinbiraha badda (ducks) iyo gowsaha (geese) iyo 24 nooc oo shimbiraha waders-ka ah. Xilliga xagaaga, meelaha biyaha yar yihiin waxaa isticmaala shimbiraha waders-ka, shimbiraha Black-headed iyo Grey Herons, Cattle Egret, Reed Cormorant iyo African Spoonbill ayaa ku tarma cawska badda ee ku yaalla bartamaha meelaha biyaha yar yihiin marka ay ku hareeraysan yihiin biyaha. Orange-breasted Waxbill iyo Fan-tailed Cisticola ayaa laga helaa cawska iyo dhirta hareeraha kaydka biyaha.{{sfn|Hester|Tyler|Simic|2003}} ==Tixraacyo== '''Xigashooyin''' {{reflist}} '''Ilaha''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Anti-TB Campaign 1982}}|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA356948.pdf |title=Olole ka dhan ah TB-da |date=28 Luulyo 1982 |publisher=FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE |access-date=2012-09-19}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Balete determined ... 2003}} |url=http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20031027 |title=Balete oo go'aansaday inay dib ula wareegaan mashruuca waraabinta Mogobane |work=BOPA Daily News |date=27 Oktoobar 2003 |access-date=2012-09-19 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Balete should write... 2001}} |url=http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20010228 |title=Balete waa inay wax qoraan, ayuu yiri guddoomiyaha |work=BOPA Daily News |date=28 Febraayo 2001 |access-date=2012-09-19 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Botswana Savings Bank... 2007}} |url=http://www.bsb.bw/html/Mogobanecleancampain.htm |title=Bangiga Kaydka ee Botswana ayaa ka qayb qaatay Olole Nadiifin ah oo ka dhacay Tuulada Mogobane Sabti 22 Sebtembar 2007 |publisher=Botswana Savings Bank |access-date=2012-09-19 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book |last=Du Saussay|first=Christian|title=Sharciyada ku saabsan Duurjoogta iyo Meelaha La Ilaaliyo ee Afrika |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Om6F3OX1Z_AC|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Om6F3OX1Z_AC/page/n64 58] |access-date=2012-09-19 |year=1984|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-101171-3}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.camacdonald.com/birding/africabotswanaBirdingGaborone.htm#2.3.1. Mogobane Dam|title=Birding Gaborone (Botswana)|last1=Hester|first1=Andrew|last2=Tyler|first2=Stephanie J.|last3=Simic|first3=Dragan|year=2003|access-date=2012-09-18}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite web |url=http://72.167.255.126/index.php/index.php?sid=1&aid=407&dir=2011/January/Tuesday25 |title=Dugsiyada Mogobane oo xirmay sababo la xiriira fatahaado |last=Mgwanaamotho |first=Maranyane |date=25 Janaayo 2011 |work=Mmegi Online |access-date=2012-09-19 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{refend}} lphr7026canpqe4yqwis8lp83bzj1nw 0 48284 308330 300783 2026-09-17T06:41:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Mustapha Kutiyote''' waa aasaasaha wadajirka ah iyo agaasimaha fulinta ee Students’ Organization for Liberty and Entrepreneurship (SOLE),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://soless.org/|title=SOLE South Sudan Website|access-date=1 March 2024|archive-date=1 Bisha Saddexaad 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301104558/https://soless.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> oo ah [[think tank]] ujeeddadiisu tahay horumarinta bulsho xor ah, nabdoon, oo barwaaqo ah gudaha [[South Sudan]]. Kutiyote wuxuu dhashay bishii Diseembar 1982 magaalada [[Yambio]], gobolka [[Western Equatoria]] ee Koonfur Suudaan. == Socdaalkii nolosha == Sannadkii 2014, John wuxuu bilaabay safarkiisa hoggaaminta isbeddelka markii uu ku biiray [[Students for Liberty|Students For Liberty]] (SFL) isagoo arday ka ahaa African International University ee Kenya. Halkaas ayuu ku ogaaday kartidiisa hoggaamineed, wuxuuna ka aasaasay cutub ka tirsan ururka jaamacaddiisa, isagoo sidoo kale muddo ka badan hal sano hoggaaminayay. Markii uu dib ugu soo laabtay [[South Sudan]], wuxuu sii waday faafinta mabaadi'da xorriyadda isagoo adeegsanaya magaca SFL.<ref>https://studentsforliberty.org/success-story/john-mustapha-kutiyote-championing-african-womens-property-rights/</ref> == Shaqada == Kutiyote wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii SOLE, oo ah xarun cilmi-baaris (think tank) si rasmi ah uga diiwaangashan gobolka Western Equatoria, taas oo ujeeddadeedu tahay dhisidda bulsho xor ah, nabdoon, oo barwaaqo ah iyadoo loo marayo waxbarashada bulshada, barnaamijyada ganacsiga iyo u doodista arrimaha bulshada. Bishii Agoosto 2019, wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta ''Africa Think Tank Shark Tank'' ee ay bixiso [[Atlas Network]], isagoo helay US$5,000 si uu u fuliyo mashruuc kor loogu qaadayo wacyiga ku saabsan takoorka dhaqameed ee haweenka ka hor istaaga lahaanshaha hantida gudaha Koonfur Suudaan. Lacagtaas waxaa lagu maalgeliyay aqoon-is-weydaarsiyo, kulammo bulsho iyo barnaamijyo idaacadeed oo laga hirgeliyay deegaanno ay ka mid yihiin [[Yambio]] iyo Nzara. Dhammaadkii 2019, SOLE waxay gaartay ku dhowaad 350 haween ah oo ka qayb galay aqoon-is-weydaarsiyada, iyo dad kale oo badan oo laga wacyigeliyay ololayaasha kor u qaadaya aqoonta sharciga iyo xoojinta awoodda dhaqaale. Intii uu hoggaaminayay Kutiyote, SOLE waxay sannadkii 2022 bilowday Barnaamijka Tababarka Daneeyayaasha (Stakeholders Training Program), kaas oo lagu beegsaday dadka xilalka haya si kor loogu qaado xuquuqda sharci ee haweenka ee lahaanshaha hantida. SOLE waxay sidoo kale hirgelisay barnaamijyo waxbarasho oo ay ka mid yihiin barnaamijyo idaacadeed iyo akhris bulsho oo ku saleysan buugaag, iyadoo la adeegsanayo buugaag ay ka mid yihiin ''The Adventures of Jonathan Gullible'', si bulshada loogu baro mabaadi'da suuqa xorta ah iyo xirfadaha ganacsiga. Kutiyote wuxuu sidoo kale xubin ka ahaa guddiga hagidda ee Bastiat Society (oo xiriir la leh [[American Institute for Economic Research]]) ee Koonfur Suudaan, wuxuuna qabtay doorar isku-duwid oo ka tirsan Students for Liberty iyo [[Foundation for Economic Education]]. Waxa kale oo uu ka qayb qaatay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee [[peacebuilding|dhismaha nabadda]] isaga oo la shaqeynayay Mediators Beyond Borders International gudaha Koonfur Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=jmustafa902 |url=https://hayekcollege.com/john-mustapha |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=hayekcollege.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://studentsforliberty.org/success-story/john-mustapha-kutiyote-championing-african-womens-property-rights/| title =Championing African Women's Property Rights| website =Students for Liberty}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.hayekcollege.com/john-mustapha| title =John Mustapha| website =Hayek Global College}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.atlasnetwork.org/articles/kutiyote-wins-the-2019-think-tank-shark-tank-prize| title =Kutiyote wins the 2019 Think Tank Shark Tank prize| website =Atlas Network| date =22 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://admin.atlasnetwork.org/assets/documents/financials/AR_2019_Revised.pdf|title=Atlas Network 2019 Annual Report Page 12|access-date=1 March 2024}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=Promotion of liberty ideas from Tuttle Twins Books in South Sudan – Organization for Liberty and Entrepreneurship |url=https://olent.org/2024/09/27/promotion-of-liberty-ideas-from-tuttle-twins-books-in-south-sudan/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007094843/https://olent.org/2024/09/27/promotion-of-liberty-ideas-from-tuttle-twins-books-in-south-sudan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-17 |title=SOLE empowers women to overcome cultural biases in South Sudan |url=https://www.atlasnetwork.org/articles/sole-empowers-women-to-overcome-cultural-biases-in-south-sudan |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=Atlas Network |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == dliug75ou8utlxfrlnae6f5376z7k20 0 48373 308322 307815 2026-09-17T05:28:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Tana | image = lake tana.jpg | caption = Sawirka Harada Tana oo dhanka galbeed laga qaaday isagoo hawada sare laga soo sawiray (Abriil 1991) | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = [[East Africa|Bariga Afrika]] | coords = {{Coord|12|0|N|37|15|E|type:waterbody_region:ET|display=inline,title}} | type = | inflow = [[Gilgel Abay]], Webiga Kilti, [[Magech River|Webiga Megech]], [[Reb River|Webiga Reb]], [[Gumara River|Webiga Gumara]] | outflow = [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]] | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]] | length = {{convert|84|km|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|66|km|abbr=on}} | area = {{convert|3200|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}} | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1788|m|abbr=on}} | islands = Kuwa ugu muhiimsan waa [[Tana Qirqos]], [[Daga Island|Jasiiradda Daga]], [[Dek Island|Jasiiradda Dek]], iyo [[Mitraha Island|Mitraha]] | cities = [[Bahir Dar]], [[Gorgora]] <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Location of Lake Tana in Ethiopia. | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | website = | reference = }} '''Harada Tana''' ({{langx|am|ጣና ሐይቅ|T’ana ḥāyik’i}}; markii hore loo qori jiray '''Tsana'''{{sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911}}) waa [[lake|harada]] ugu weyn [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]] isla markaana ah isha uu ka yimaado [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]]. Waxay ku taallaa [[Amhara Region|Gobolka Amhara]] ee waqooyiga-galbeed ee [[Ethiopian Highlands|Dhulka Sare ee Itoobiya]], haradu waxay dhererkeedu gaaraa qiyaastii {{convert|84|km|mi|abbr=off}} halka ballaceeduna yahay {{convert|66|km|mi|abbr=off}}, iyadoo moolkeeda ugu sarreeya uu yahay {{convert|15|m|ft|abbr=off}},<ref>{{cite book |title=Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia|year=1967–1968}}</ref> jooggeeduna yahay {{convert|1788|m|ft|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Lake_Tana_source_of_the_Blue_Nile |title=Lake Tana, source of the Blue Nile |date=5 November 2004 |work=Observing the Earth |publisher=European Space Agency |access-date=4 November 2013}}</ref> Harada Tana waxaa quudiya webiyada [[Gilgel Abay]], [[Reb River|Reb]] iyo [[Gumara River|Gumara]]. Baaxadda dusha sare ee haradu waxay u dhaxeysaa {{convert|3000|to|3500|km2|mi2|abbr=off}}, iyadoo taasi ay ku xiran tahay xilliga iyo da'itaanka roobka. Heerka biyaha harada waxaa la maamulayay tan iyo markii la dhisay [[weir|biya-xireenka]] koontaroolka ah ee goobta ay haradu uga shubanto Niilka Buluugga ah. Tani waxay koontarooshay qulqulka taga [[Blue Nile Falls|Shubanka Niilka Buluugga ah]] (Tis Abbai) iyo saldhigga tamarta korontada ee biyaha laga dhaliyo. Sannadkii 2015, gobolka Harada Tana waxaa loo magacaabay [[UNESCO Biosphere Reserve]] (Kaydka Biosphere ee UNESCO) iyadoo loo aqoonsaday muhiimaddeeda dabiiciga ah iyo midda dhaqameed ee heer qaran iyo heer caalami.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve |url=https://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ |access-date=2026-06-18 |website=www.laketana-biosphere.com |archive-date=2021-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702215353/https://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Dulmar Guud== [[File:Lake Tana, Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|left|Muuqaallo laga dushay Harada Tana]] [[File:Island Church (2401612298).jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda Jasiiradda ee ku taal Harada Tana]] [[File:Zege Peninsula Tour Guide.jpg|thumb|left|Hage dalxiis oo deegaanka ah oo muujinaya sida loo garaaco dhagax si loogu muujiyo xilliyada cuntada ee kaniisad ku taal Jasiirad-yarada Zege]] [[File:Blue Nile.jpg|thumb|left|Bilowga webiga [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]] ee meesha uu ka baxo Harada Tana]] [[File:BahirDarResort.jpg|thumb|left|Huteel loo dalxiis tago oo ku yaal xeebta Harada Tana ee [[Bahir Dar]]]] Harada Tana waxay ku samaysantay hawlo foolkaano, kuwaas oo xannibay qulqulka webiyadii ku shubmi jiray bilowgii xilligii [[Pleistocene]], qiyaastii 5 milyan oo sano ka hor.<ref name="springer">{{Cite book |last1=Vijverberg |first1=Jacobus |title=The Nile |last2=Sibbing |first2=Ferdinand A. |last3=Dejen |first3=Eshete |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 |series=Monographiae Biologicae |volume=89 |pages=163–192 |chapter=Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-9726-3_9}}</ref> Haradu markii hore aad ayay uga weynayd sida ay maanta tahay. Toddoba webi oo waaweyn oo joogto ah ayaa quudiya harada iyo sidoo kale 40 webi oo yaryar oo xilliyeed ah. Webiyada ugu muhiimsan ee ku shubma harada waa Gilgel Abbay (Webiga Niilka Yar), iyo webiyada Megech, Gumara, iyo Rib.<ref name="springer"/> Harada Tana waxay leedahay dhowr jasiiradood, kuwaas oo tiradoodu ay isbeddesho iyadoo ku xiran heerka biyaha harada. Waxay hoos u dhacday qiyaastii {{convert|6|ft|m}} 400-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Sida laga soo xigtay [[Manuel de Almeida]], oo ahaa adeegayaal diimeed u dhashay [[Portugal]] bilowgii qarnigii 17-aad, waxaa jiray 21 jasiiradood, kuwaas oo todoba ama siddeed ka mid ah ay ku yaalleen kaniisado "markii hore waaweynaa, laakiin hadda aad u yaraaday."<ref name="Beckham"/> Markii [[James Bruce]] uu booqday aagga sannadkii 1771, wuxuu xusay in dadka deegaanka ay xisbiyeen 45 jasiiradood oo dad deggan yihiin, laakiin wuxuu sheegay inuu aaminsan yahay in "tiradu ay noqon karto qiyaastii kow iyo toban."<ref name="Beckham"/> Anton Stecker, sannadkii 1881, wuxuu sameeyay baaritaan faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan harada, isagoo awood u yeeshay inuu sameeyo khariidado si weyn u saxan,{{sfn |Garstin |Cana |1911}} wuxuuna xisbiyay 44 jasiiradood.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hayes |first=A.J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h742AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA73 |title=The Source of the Blue Nile: A Record of a Journey Through the Soudan to Lake Tsana in Western Abyssinia, and of the Return to Egypt by the Valley of the Atbara |publisher=Smith, Elder & Company |year=1905 |page=73 |access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref> Juqraafi-yahan u dhashay qarnigii 20-aad ayaa magacaabay 37 jasiiradood, kuwaas oo uu aaminsanaa in 19 ka mid ah ay leeyihiin ama ku yaalleen kaniisado.<ref name="Beckham">{{cite book |last1=Beckham |first1=C. F. |title=Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646 |last2=Huntingford |first2=G. W. B. |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]] |year=1954 |series=Series 2 |location=London |page=35 and note |number=107}}</ref> Haraaga boqorradii hore ee [[List of emperors of Ethiopia|Itoobiya]] iyo hantida [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Masiixiyadda Ortodokska ee Itoobiya]] ayaa lagu keeydiyaa kaniisadaha jasiiradaha go'doonsan (ay ku jiraan [[Kebran Gabriel]], [[Ura Kidane Mehret]], [[Narga Selassie]], [[Daga Estifanos]], [[Medhane Alem]] ee [[Rema Island|Jasiiradda Rema]], Kota Maryam, iyo Mertola Maryam). Jasiiradda [[Tana Qirqos]] waxaa ku yaal dhagax loo muujiyay [[Paul B. Henze]], kaas oo loo sheegay inay [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Maryam]], oo ahayd hooyadii Ciise, ay ku nastay safarkeedii ay kaga soo laabatay [[Egypt|Masar]]; waxaa kale oo loo sheegay in [[Frumentius]], oo [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]] keenay Itoobiya, "la rabo in lagu aasay Tana Cherqos."<ref>{{cite book |last=Henze |first=Paul B. |author-link=Paul B. Henze |title=Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia |url=https://archive.org/details/layersoftimehist0000henz |publisher=Palgrave |year=2000 |isbn=978-0312227197 |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/layersoftimehist0000henz/page/73 73]}}</ref> Maydka [[Yekuno Amlak]] waxaa lagu aasay kaniisadda St. Stephen ee ku taal [[Daga Island|Jasiiradda Daga]]. Boqorrada xabaalahoodu ay sidoo kale ku yaallaan Daga waxaa ka mid ah [[Dawit I]], [[Zara Yaqob]], [[Za Dengel]], iyo [[Fasilides]]. Jasiiradaha kale ee muhiimka ah ee ku yaal Harada Tana waxaa ka mid ah [[Dek Island|Dek]], [[Mitraha Island|Mitraha]], [[Gelila Zakarias]], [[Halimun]] iyo [[Briguida]]. Kaniisadaha waxaa la aaminsan yahay in la dhisay intii lagu guda jiray Waayadii Dhexe iyadoo laga dhisay goobo diimeed oo ka horreeyay. Waxaa ka mid ah kaniisaddii qarnigii afar iyo tobnaad ee [[Debre Maryam]], iyo tii qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ee Narga Selassie, Tana Qirqos, oo la sheego inay ku jirtay [[Ark of the Covenant|Sanduuqa Axdiga]] ka hor intaan loo rarin [[Axum]], iyo Ura Kidane Mehret, oo loo yaqaan astaanteeda boqortooyo. Adeegga doonta wuxuu isku xiraa [[Bahir Dar]] iyo [[Gorgora]] iyadoo loo marayo Dek iyo tuulooyin dhowr ah oo xeebta harada ku yaal. Waxaa kale oo jira [[Zege Peninsula|Jasiirad-yarada Zege]] oo ku taal qaybta koonfur-galbeed ee harada. Zege waa goobta ay ku taallaa kaniisadda [[Azwa Maryam]]. Harada Tana waxay sidoo kale ahayd goob ay udub-dhexaad u ahayd bulshada [[Beta Israel]], iyadoo leh kaniisadaha kaliya ee Yuhuudda ee adduunka ku yaal,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kribus |first1=Bar |last2=Krebs |first2=Verena |date=2018 |title=Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jewish) Monastic Sites North of Lake Tana Preliminary Results of an Exploratory Field Trip to Ethiopia in December 2015 |journal=Entangled Religion |volume=6 |pages=309–344 |doi=10.13154/er.v6.2018.309-344}}</ref> ka hor intaanay u [[Aliyah from Ethiopia|guurin dhanka Israa'iil]]. ==Astaamaha biyaha iyo daadadka== Marka la barbardhigo harooyinka kale ee kuleylaha ah, biyaha Harada Tana waa kuwo qabow, badanaana waxay u dhaxeeyaan qiyaastii {{cvt|20|to(-)|27|C|F}}. Biyuhu waxay leeyihiin [[pH]] dhexdhexaad ah ilaa mid xoogaa [[alkaline|asid daciif ah]] ah, sadiicaddooduna aad ayay u hoosaysaa.<ref name=Vijverberg2009>{{cite book| author1=Vijverberg, J. | author2=F.A. Sibbing | author3=E. Dejen | year=2009 | chapter=Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile | pages=163–193 | editor=H.J. Dumont | title=The Nile | series=Monographiae Biologicae | volume=89 | publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V | isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 }}</ref> Sababtoo ah isbeddelada xilliyeed ee waaweyn ee qulqulka webiyada ku shubma, roobka iyo uumi-baxa, heerarka biyaha Harada Tana caadi ahaan waxay isbeddelaan {{cvt|2-2.5|m|ft}} sannadkii, iyagoo gaara meeshii ugu sarreysay bishana Sebtembar–Oktoobar waxyar uun ka dib xilliga weyn ee roobka. Marka ay heerarka biyuhu sarreeyaan, bannaanka ku xeeran harada badanaa waa ay dadmaan, dhoobooyinka kale ee joogtada ah ee gobolkana waxay ku xidmaan harada.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> ==Dhirta xayawaanka== [[File:Lily pads, Lake Tana.jpg|thumb|Dhirta lily-ga oo sabaynaysa u dhow xeebta Harada Tana]] Maadaama aysan jirin qulqulo biyo oo isku xira harada iyo marinada kale ee waaweyn, iyo meesha ugu weyn ee ay biyuhu uga baxaan, oo ah [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]], uu xannibay [[Blue Nile Falls|Shubanka Niilka Buluugga ah]], haradu waxay taageertaa xayawaanka biyaha ku nool oo aad u gaar ah, kaas oo guud ahaan la xiriira noocyada ka yimaada [[Nile Basin|Dooxada Niilka]].<ref name=FEOW>{{cite web |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World |year=2008 |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |title=Lake Tana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203717/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=24 January 2012}}</ref> Heerarka nafaqada ee haradu waa kuwo hooseeya.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> ===Kalluun=== Waxaa jira 27 nooc oo kalluun ah oo ku dhex jira Harada Tana, 20 ka mid ahna waa kuwo [[Endemism|u gaar ah]] harada.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> Tani waxaa ku jira mid ka mid ah labada kooxood ee kaliya ee la yaqaan ee noocyada [[cyprinid]] (midka kale, oo ka yimid [[Lake Lanao]] ee Filibiin, waxaa baabi'iyay noocyo kale oo lagu soo kordhiyay). Waxay ka kooban tahay 15 nooc oo dhererkoodu weyn yahay oo gaaraya ilaa {{convert|1|m|abbr=on}}, kuwaas oo ah kalluunka loogu yeero ''[[Labeobarbus]]'' barbs oo markii hore lagu dari jiray ''[[Barbus]]''.<ref name=FEOW/><ref name="barbs1">{{cite journal |last1=de Graaf |first1=Martin |last2=Dejen |first2=Eshete |last3=Sibbing |first3=Ferdinand A. |last4=Osse |first4=Jan W. M. |year=2000 |title=''Barbus tanapelagius'', A New Species from Lake Tana (Ethiopia): its Morphology and Ecology |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-biology-of-fishes_2000-09_59_1/page/n6 |journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1023/A:1007608208630 |bibcode=2000EnvBF..59....1D }}</ref> Waxaa ka mid ah, ''[[Labeobarbus acutirostris|L. acutirostris]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus longissimus|L. longissimus]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus megastoma|L. megastoma]]'' iyo ''[[Labeobarbus truttiformis|L. truttiformis]]'' oo ah kuwo si adag [[piscivorous|kalluunka u cuna]], halka ''[[Labeobarbus dainellii|L. dainellii]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus gorguari|L. gorguari]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus macrophtalmus|L. macrophtalmus]]'' iyo ''[[Labeobarbus platydorsus|L. platydorsus]]'' ay inta badan yihiin kuwa kalluunka cuna.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> Ugaadhkooda ugu muhiimsan waa noocyada yaryar ee ''[[Enteromius]]'' iyo ''[[Garra]]''.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/><ref name=barbs1/><ref name="barbs2">{{cite journal |last1=de Graaf |first1=Martin |last2=Megens |first2=Hendrik-Jan |last3=Samallo |first3=Johannis |last4=Sibbing |first4=Ferdinand |year=2007 |title=Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small Barbus species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation |journal=Animal Biology |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=39–48 |doi=10.1163/157075607780002069}}</ref> Noocyada kale ee ''Labeobarbus'' ee ku jira Harada Tana waxay leeyihiin caadooyin kale oo quudin oo gaar ah: ''[[African scraping feeder|L. beso]]'' (ma aha mid u gaar ah harada, si dhowona uma xirna kuwa kale) wuxuu ku quustaa [[algae|ajyad]], ''[[Labeobarbus surkis|L. surkis]]'' wuxuu inta badan quustaa [[macrophytes|dhirtada biyaha]], ''[[Labeobarbus gorgorensis|L. gorgorensis]]'' dhirtada biyaha iyo [[mollusc|argoosatada]], ''[[Labeobarbus brevicephalus|L. brevicephalus]]'' wuxuu quustaa [[zooplankton]] (si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhalada dhammaan xubnaha kooxdan waxay ku quustaan zooplankton), ''[[Labeobarbus osseensis|L. osseensis]]'' dhirtada biyaha iyo cayayaanka waaweyn, iyo ''[[Labeobarbus crassibarbis|L. crassibarbis]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus intermedius|L. intermedius]]'' (ma aha mid u gaar ah laakiin si dhow ayay u xiriiraan kuwa kale), ''[[Labeobarbus nedgia|L. nedgia]]'' iyo ''[[Labeobarbus tsanensis|L. tsanensis]]'' waxay ku quustaan xayawaanka aan laf-dhabarta lahayn ee gunta degan sida dirxiga [[chironomid]]. Noocyada u gaarka ah ee ''Labeobarbus'', siddeed nooc ayaa ku tarma dhoobada harada, kuwa harayna waxay xilliyeed ugu guuraan webiyada ku shubma halkaas oo ay ku tarmaan.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> Nidaamka noocyada ''Labeobarbus'' sokow, noocyada u gaarka ah harada waxaa ka mid ah ''[[Enteromius pleurogramma]]'', ''[[Enteromius tanapelagius|E. tanapelagius]]'', ''[[Garra regressus]]'' iyo ''[[Afronemacheilus abyssinicus]]'' (oo ah mid ka mid ah labada nooc ee kaliya ee Afrikaanka ah ee [[Nemacheilidae|loach-ka dhagaxa]]). Noocyada kale ee aan u gaarka ahayn waxaa ka mid ah [[Nile tilapia|tilapia-ha Niilka]] (oo ku baahsan Afrika, laakiin leh nooc hoos yimaada oo u gaar ah harada oo loogu yeero ''tana''), ''[[Enteromius humilis|E. humilis]]'', ''[[Garra dembecha|G. dembecha]]'', ''[[Garra dembeensis|G. dembeensis]]'' iyo kalluunka weyn ee [[African sharptooth catfish|kalluunka shamiitada ee Afrika]].<ref name=Vijverberg2009/><ref name=FEOW/> ===Kalluumeysiga iyo hanjabaadaha=== [[File:ET Amhara asv2018-02 img063 Lake Tana at Gorgora.jpg|thumb|Noocyo kala duwan oo ''[[Labeobarbus]]'' iyo [[African sharptooth catfish]] ah oo laga soo qabtay harada]] Harada Tana waxay taageertaa warshad weyn oo [[Fishing in Ethiopia|kalluumeysi]], taas oo inta badan ku salaysan kalluunka ''Labeobarbus'', tilapia-ha Niilka iyo kalluunka shamiitada. Sida laga soo xigtay Waaxda Kalluumeysiga iyo Beeraha Biyaha ee Itoobiya, 1,454 tan oo kalluun ah ayaa la soo dejiyay sannadkii 2011 magaalada [[Bahir Dar]], taas oo ay waaxdu ku qiyaastay inay tahay 15% tirada la waari karo.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm "Information on Fisheries Management in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm |date=20080228033847 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228033847/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm |date=28 February 2008 }}, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), January 2003</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay oo lagu barbardhigay qabashada sannadkii 2001 iyo tii toban sano ka hor, waxaa la ogaaday in baaxadda caadiga ah ee labada nooc ee tilapia iyo kalluunka shamiitada ay si weyn hoos ugu dhacday, tirada ''Labeobarbus'' ee ku taran jiray webiyada ku shubma haradana ay si weyn u yaraatay.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> Kalluunka u gaarka ah harada, inta badan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay halis ku jiraan ([[Endangered species|halis ku jira]] ama [[Vulnerable species|u nugul halis]]) ama [[data deficient|xogtoodu ay dhiman tahay]] (xogta la heli karo aysan ku filnayn in lagu qiimeeyo xaaladdooda) marka loo eego [[IUCN]].<ref>{{cite web | year=2019 | title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/ | publisher=IUCN | access-date=18 November 2019 }}</ref> Bilowgii sannadihii 2000, dawladda deegaanka ayaa markii ugu horreysay soo bandhigtay sharciyada kalluumeysiga waxaana rajaynayaa inay taasi saameyn togan ku yeelan doonto tirada kalluunka.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> Halisaha kale ee halista ah waa burburinta deegaanka iyo wasakhaynta. [[Bahir Dar]] waxay noqotay magaalo weyn waxayna u koreysaa si degdeg ah; [[wastewater|biyahooda wasakhda ah]] guud ahaan waxaa si toos ah loogu sii daayaa harada.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> Dhirta ku taal dhoobada harada, oo ah meel muhiim u ah dhalmada ''Labeobarbus'' iyo kalluunka kale, waxaa lagu nadiifinayaa xawaare sare. Khatarta weyn ee ku tasi karta nidaamka deegaanka ee gaarka ah waxay noqon kartaa [[Introduced species|soo kordhinta]] nooc ugaarsi weyn oo waxtar leh sida [[Nile perch|kalluunka caanka ah ee Biyaha Niilka]], kaas oo sababay dabar-goyn dhowr nooc ah oo ka dhacday [[Lake Victoria|Harada Victoria]]. Kalluunka ''Labeobarbus'' ee cuna kalluunka kale ee ku jira Harada Tana waa kuwo aan waxtar weyn u lahayn ugaadhsiga kuwaas oo kaliya cuni kara kalluunka gaaraya ilaa 15% dhererka ugaadhsadaha laftiisa.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> ===Other fauna=== [[File: Pelicans on the lake Tana, Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|[[Great white pelican|Shimbiraha pelican-ka]] oo jooga Harada Tana]] Xayawaanka kale ee deegaanka ka midka ah, haradu waxay taageertaa xayawaan aan laf-dhabar lahayn oo aad u yar: Waxaa jira shan iyo toban nooc oo [[mollusk|argoosato]] ah, oo ay ku jiraan mid u gaar ah harada, iyo sidoo kale [[sponge|isbuunyo]] biyaha macaan ah oo u gaar ah harada.<ref name=FEOW/> Qiyaastii 230 nooc ooshimbirrood ah, oo ay ku jiraan wax ka badan 80 shimbiraha dhoobada ah sida [[great white pelican|pelican-ka cad ee weyn]], [[African darter]], [[hamerkop]], [[stork|shimbiraha hawaalraaca]], [[African spoonbill]], [[ibis]], [[duck|banaas]], [[kingfisher|shimbiraha kalluunbiyadka]] iyo [[African fish eagle|gorgorka kalluunka Afrika]], ayaa laga yaqaan Harada Tana.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> Waa goob muhiim u ah nasashada iyo quudinta shimbiraha biyaha ee ka soo guura deegaanka [[Palearctic]].<ref name=FEOW/> Ma jiraan [[crocodile|yaxaasyo]], laakiin [[African softshell turtle|diinka qolofka jilicsan ee Afrika]] iyo [[Nile monitor|goodirka Niilka]] ayaa laga diiwaangeliyay meel u dhow meesha uu Niilka Buluugga ah uga baxo harada.<ref>Largen and Spawls (2010). ''The Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea.'' {{ISBN|978-3-89973-466-9}}</ref> [[Hippo|Jeerta]] waa ay joogtaa, inta badanna waxay ku dhowdahay meesha uu Niilka Buluugga ah ka baxo.<ref name=Vijverberg2009/> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ===Shaqooyinka la soo xigtay=== * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Tsana|volume=27|pages=347-348|first1=William Edmund|last1=Garstin|first2=Frank Richardson|last2=Cana}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|Lake Tana}} *[http://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ Homepage of Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve] {{Wayback|url=http://www.laketana-biosphere.com/ |date=20210702215353 }} *[https://en.nabu.de/projects/ethiopia/tana/index.html Lake Tana project webpage of The Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU e.V.)] *[http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/iges/research-groups/quaternary/palaeoecology-laboratory/lake-tana/ Lake Tana project] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/iges/research-groups/quaternary/palaeoecology-laboratory/lake-tana/ |date=20160303223747 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223747/http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/iges/research-groups/quaternary/palaeoecology-laboratory/lake-tana/ |date=3 March 2016 }} at [[Aberystwyth University]] *[http://www.galenfrysinger.com/blue_nile_ethiopia.htm Photographs of the lake] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20040913205524/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D2511%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html Unesco plan for Lake T'ana] *{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20031127223905/http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8568 LakeNet Profile]}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090701031152/http://www.impetusinmundum.de/documentation/Album.html?Bildliste=5a0c198f-5a0c19cc&Region=Lake+Tana Pictures from Lake Tana and the Monasteries] {{Authority control}} k6xx52dmqza7tjknd4v2dwaau22c9eb 0 48531 308395 300835 2026-09-17T11:32:40Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Komati | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Komatirivier, Incomati River, Inkomati River | name_etymology = Waxaa laga keenay kelmadda "lo'da" ee af [[Swazi language|Swaziga]], taas oo lami macno ah [[hippo|jeeraha]] <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Rio Komati gorge cmichaelhoganlowres.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = [[Komati Gorge|Dooxada ciriiriga ah]] ee u dhow [[Carolina, Mpumalanga|Carolina]] ee qaybta sare ee Webiga Komati | mapframe = yes | mapframe-stroke-color = #4271ae | mapframe-zoom = 6 | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]|[[Eswatini]]|[[Mozambique|Musambiig]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 480 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|111|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1_location = U dhow [[Ermelo, Mpumalanga|Ermelo]], [[Mpumalanga]] | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = {{convert|1800|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Maputo Bay|Gacanka Maputo]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|48|57.46|S|32|43|38.89|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size_km2 = 50000 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Komati''',<ref>{{cite book | last=Nakayama | first=M. | title=International Waters in Southern Africa | publisher=United Nations University Press | series=G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series | year=2003 | isbn=978-92-808-1077-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBJPAAAAMAAJ | access-date=30 December 2021 | page=}}</ref> oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno '''Webiga Inkomati'''<ref name="sanbi">{{cite web | title=Kneria sp nov south africa| website=Red List of South African Species| publisher=[[South African National Biodiversity Institute]] (SANBI) | url=http://speciesstatus.sanbi.org/assessment/last-assessment/115/ | access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref> ama '''Webiga Incomati'''<ref>{{cite book | last=Nakayama | first=M. | title=International Waters in Southern Africa | publisher=United Nations University Press | series=G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series | year=2003 | isbn=978-92-808-1077-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBJPAAAAMAAJ | access-date=30 December 2021 | page=9,13,14}}</ref> (gudaha [[Mozambique|Musambiig]], marka loo eego af Boortaqiiska '''Rio Incomati'''<ref name="eb">{{cite web | title=Komati River | website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] | date=12 December 2014 | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Komati-River | access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref>), waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]], [[Eswatini]] iyo Musambiig. Wuxuu ka unkamaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Eswatini, waxaana ku biira Webiga [[Crocodile River (Mpumalanga)|Crocodile]] ee ku yaal [[Lebombo Mountains|Buuraleyda Lebombo]], wuxuu galay cirifka koonfur-galbeed ee Musambiig meel ka hoosaysa magaalada xadka ku taal ee [[Komatipoort]], wuxuuna ku dhex shubmaa [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] qiyaastii {{cvt|24|km}} dhanka waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Maputo]].<ref name="eb" /> Dhererkiisu waa {{convert|480|km|mi|0}}, iyadoo [[drainage basin|dooxada uu biyaha ka ururiyo]] ay baaxaddeedu tahay {{convert|50000|km2|sqmi|-2}}. [[Discharge (hydrology)|Biyo-shubankiisa]] celceliska ah ee sanadlaha ah waa 111 [[Cubic metre per second|m³/s]] (3,920 [[Cubic foot per second|cfs]]) marka uu joogo afkiisa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nakayama|first=Mikiyasu|title=International Waters in Southern Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ittv1oAJ37sC|year=2003|publisher=United Nations University Press|isbn=978-92-808-1077-6|page=9|access-date=2026-07-03|archive-date=2017-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409021442/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ittv1oAJ37sC|url-status=dead}}</ref> Magaca Komati wuxuu ka yimid ''inkomati'', oo macnaheedu yahay "lo'da" marka loo eego af [[Swati language|Swatiga]] (siSwati), maadaama dabeecaddiisa [[Perennial stream|daacad-socodka ah]] ee aan gudhshayn lagu barbardhigo lo' had iyo goor caano leh.<ref>{{cite book|last = du Plessis|first = E.J.|title = Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername|publisher = Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town|year = 1973|isbn = 0-624-00273-X|page = 251}}</ref> == Juqraafi == [[File:Komati.png|left|thumb|Goobta uu ku yaal Webiga Komati iyo laamihiisa oo ay weheliyaan xuduudaha waddammada ay khuseyso]] Webigu wuxuu ka unkamaa galbeedka [[Carolina, Mpumalanga|Carolina]], isagoo ka soo kiciya joog dhan qiyaastii {{convert|5,906|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}} u dhow [[Breyten]] oo ku taal degmada [[Ermelo, Mpumalanga|Ermelo]] ee gobolka [[Mpumalanga]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9045967/Komati-River "Komati River"] Online Encyclopædia Britannica.</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi-bari guud ahaan wuxuuna gaaraa [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] marka uu joogo [[Maputo Bay|Gacanka Maputo]], ka dib marinka qiyaastii ah {{convert|800|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911 |wstitle=Komati |volume=15 |page=892 |inline=1}}</ref> [[Komati Gorge|Dooxada ciriiriga ah ee Komati]] waxay ku taal qaybaha sare ee Webiga Komati waana [[habitat|deegaanka]] qaar ka mid ah [[endangered species|noocyada halista ku jiro]] sida shimbirta [[southern bald ibis]].<ref>[http://www.luminatechnologies.org/luminawws.html C. Michael Hogan and Amy Gregory, ''Ecology of Komati Gorge'', July 22, 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528121347/http://www.luminatechnologies.org/luminawws.html |date=May 28, 2010 }}</ref> Sanadkii 2001, gidaarka dhererkiisu yahay 115 m ee [[Maguga Dam|Biyo-xireenka Maguga]] ayaa lagu dhammaystiray koonfurta [[Piggs Peak]], Eswatini, <small>{{coord|26|4|51.57|S|31|15|25.84|E|type:river}}</small> Dooxadiisa sare ee u dhow Steynsdorp waxaa ku yaal meelo dahabka laga qodo, laakiin dalka waxaa ku badan macdan tayo hoose leh. Webigu wuxuu ka soo degaa buuraleyda [[Drakensberg]] isagoo dhex mara marin {{convert|30|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} koonfur ka xiga Barberton, wuxuuna u weecdaa dhanka waqooyi xadka bari ee Eswatini, isagoo raacaya marin barbar-socda buuraleyda Lebombo. Wax yar galbeedka 32° E iyo 25° 25′ S, u dhow magaalada [[Komatipoort]], waxaa ku biira Webiga [[Crocodile River (Mpumalanga)|Crocodile]]. Laanta Crocodile waxay ka soo unkantaa, isagoo ah Webiga [[Elands River (Mpumalanga)|Elands]], aagga Bergendal (1,961&nbsp;m) u dhow biyaha sare ee Komati, wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka bari isagoo dhex mara [[highveld]], wuxuuna u weecdaa dhanka waqooyi marka uu gaaro malka Drakensberg. Hoos u dhaca loo rabo dhanka [[Veld|lowveld]] waa dhowr iyo 600 oo mitir gudaha {{convert|30|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}, dhulka ballarkiisu yahay {{convert|100|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} ee u dhaxeeya Drakensberg iyo [[Lebombo Mountains|Lebombo]] waxaa ku yaal hoos u dhac kale oo dhan 900&nbsp;mitir.<ref name="EB1911" />[[file:Belfast, South Africa - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|right|255px|Biyo-shubanka Uitkoms ee ku yaal Bank Spruit, oo ah laan ka tirsan qaybaha sare ee Komati, Mpumalanga]]In yar ka badan hal kiiloomitir ka dib barta ay ku kulmaan Crocodile, durdurka midoobay, oo laga bilaabo bartaas sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Manhissa, wuxuu u gudbaa dhulka fidsan ee xeebta isagoo dhex mara dalool 190 m u sarreeya oo ku yaal Lebombo oo loo yaqaanno [[Komatipoort]], kaas oo leh biyo-shubanno qurxoon. Markay joogto Komatipoort, oo astaan u ah xadka u dhaxeeya Koonfur Afrika iyo Musambiig, webigu wuxuu ka yar yahay {{convert|60|mi|km|-1|order=flip|abbr=on}} afkiisa marka loo eego xariiq toos ah, laakiin marka uu dhex marayo dhulka fidsan wuxuu sameeyaa wareeg ballaran oo dhan {{convert|200|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}, marka hore dhanka waqooyi ka hor int uusan u weecan dhanka koonfureed, isagoo sameynaya balliyo waaweyn oo harooyin u eg iyo biyo-fadhiisadyo, wuxuuna dhanka waqooyi ka qaataa dhowr laamood ah. Xilliga fatahaadda waxaa jira xiriir dhanka waqooyi ah oo dhex mara dhiatada oo ku xira dooxada Limpopo. Komati wuxuu galaa badda {{convert|15|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} waqooyiga [[Maputo]]. Waa mid doonyaha lagu mari karo laga bilaabo afkiisa, halkaas oo biyuhu ay qoto dheer yihiin illaa 5m, ilaa salka Lebombo.<ref name="EB1911" /> == Taariikhda == {{more citations needed section|date=August 2022}} Boortaqiisku waxay ugu magac dareen qaybta hoose ee webiga Rio des Reijs, midkoodna "webigii bariiska" ama "webigii boqorrada".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revistamilitar.pt/artigo/344 |title=O Enigma de uma colónia virtual - África Oriental Portuguesa (vulgo Moçambique) |author=João José de Sousa Cruz |date=November 2008 |publisher=Revista Militar |language=pt |access-date=2 February 2018}}</ref> Sidaa darteed, joronaalka [[Jan van Riebeeck]] wuxuu xusayaa Rio de Reijs, markii uu markab u diray xeebta bari si uu u raadiyo sahay bariis ah.<ref>{{cite book|last = Thom|first = H.B.|title = Journal of Jan van Riebeeck|publisher = A.A. Balkema, Cape Town|year = 1952|page = 243 }}</ref> Joronaalka voortrekker [[Louis Tregardt]] waxaa loogu yeeraa Manhissa,<ref>{{cite book|last = Preller|first = G.S.|title = Dagboek van Louis Trichardt|publisher = Nas. Pers Bpk., Cape Town|year = 1938|page = 334, footnote }}</ref> magacaas oo weli jira, halka dadka Ingiriiska ay u yaqaanneen King George River.<ref>{{cite book|last = Robertson|first = J.W.|title = Traveller's Guide for South Africa|publisher = The Standard Printing Co., East London|page = VIII }}</ref> Sanadkii 1725, thul-gal Nederland ah oo uu horkacayay Francois de Kuiper ayaa sahmeyay deegaanka hoose ee Komati wuxuuna u safray 30&nbsp;km gudaha gobolka hadda loo yaqaan Mpumalanga, ka hor intaanay weerarin qabiilo deegaanka ah oo ay ku qasbanaadeen inay ku laabtaan [[Maputo Bay|Gacanka Delagoa]]. Maalintii 23-kii Sebtembar 1900 intii lagu jiray [[Second Boer War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Boer]], 3,000 oo reer Boer ah ayaa ka soo gudbay xadka magaalada yar ee Komatipoort, waxayna isu dhiibeen maamulka [[Portugal|Boortaqiiska]].<ref name=EB1911/> Maalintii 7-dii Noofambar 1900, hareeraha Komati wuxuu noqday goobtii uu ku dhex maray dagaal u dhaxeeyay [[British Empire|Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] iyo [[Boers|Boer-ta]]. [[Battle of Leliefontein|Dagaalkii Leliefontein]] wuxuu ahaa dib u gurasho ay sameeyeen Ingiriiska, iyadoo ay dhibayaan Boer-ta, kuwaas oo u hanjabayay inay qabsadaan Madafaca Ingiriiska. Qoryaha Ingiriiska waxaa badbaadiyay [[Royal Canadian Dragoons]] oo weeraray Boer-ta, iyadoo sidaas darteed ay qoryaha dhigeen meel ka fog meel ay gaari karaan. == Jidka Tareenka == {{Further|Pretoria–Maputo railway}} Jidka tareenka ee ka yimaada [[Maputo]] kuna socda [[Pretoria]] wuxuu dhex maraa dhulka fidsan xariiq toos ah, marka uu marayo toddobaatan iyo laba kiiloomitir, wuxuu gaaraa Komati. Wuxuu raacayaa hareeraha koonfureed ee webiga wuxuuna galayaa dhulka sare ee Komati Poort. Laga bilaabo Poort dhanka galbeed jidka tareenku wuxuu dhinac raacaa hareeraha koonfureed ee [[Crocodile River (Mpumalanga)|Webiga Crocodile]] dhammaan dhererkiisa.<ref name=EB1911/> Jidkaan tareenka waxaa markii hore dhisay [[Netherlands-South African Railway Company]] (NZASM) waxaana si rasmi ah loo furay sanadkii 1895. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120208110143/http://www.ecs.co.sz/magugadam/maguga_dam.htm The Maguga Dam Project] * [http://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/Komati_River_Report_2014_Final.pdf ECOSTATUS OF THE KOMATI RIVER CATCHMENT, INKOMATI RIVER SYSTEM] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/Komati_River_Report_2014_Final.pdf |date=20181219092343 }} {{Authority control}} kxjs2yp3dais3xjhttg1t2x7eb5wevt 0 48604 308394 300999 2026-09-17T11:27:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Hex | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = ''Hexrivier'' | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka ka galo webiga Hex <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Hex Pass | source1_location = Buuraha Bonteberg | source1_coordinates= {{coord|33|24|5|S|19|44|58|E}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Breede River|Webiga Breede]] | mouth_location = u dhow [[Worcester, Western Cape|Worcester]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|41|45|S|19|27|13|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|201|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Hex''' waa laan ka mid ah [[Breede River|Webiga Breede]] oo ku yaal [[Western Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Degmooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee webiga ku teedsan waa magaalooyinka yaryar ee [[De Doorns]] iyo [[Touws River (town)|Touws River]]. == Sharraxaad == Isha webiga Hex waxay ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee Buuraha Bonteberg oo jooggoodu yahay qiyaastii 1000 mitir meel u dhow Hex Pass, taas oo u gudubta dhanka [[Karoo|Great Karoo]]. Gobolkan, wuxuu ka samaysmaa isku darka dhowr durdurro buuraley ah oo yaryar. Buuraha halkan ku yaal waxaa laga yaabaa inay baraf ku dahaaranaan xilliga jiilaalka. Dooxadiisa ballaaran waxaa inta badan hareereeya safaf buuro ah. Webiga Hex wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Breede meel aan ka fogayn magaalada [[Worcester, Western Cape|Worcester]] oo dhanka waqooyi ka xigta [[Brandvlei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Brandvlei]].<ref name="DWAF State of Rivers Report">Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF): [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/WCape/Breede2011.pdf ''State of Rivers Report: Rivers of the Breede Water Management Area 2011'']. from ''www.dwaf.gov.za'' (PDF).</ref> Dooxadu waa mid ka mid ah gobollada ugu biyaha badan ee Western Cape, iyadoo ay weheliso dhowr dooxooyin kale. Xaaladahan waxaa sabab u ah durdurrada buuraleyda ee joogtada ah ee ka jira [[Hex River Mountains|Buuraha Hex River]] iyo Buuraha Kwadouws oo roobab badan helaan. Dadka soo galootiga ah ee ka yimid [[Europe|Yurub]] oo dib u degaamaynta dooxadan kaga daahday inkasta oo ay xaaladaha beerashadu wanaagsanaayeen, waxaa sabab u ahaa goobta juqraafiyeed ee aan wanaagsanayn.<ref name="Molter 144">Traugott Molter: ''Wasserhaushalt und Bewässerungsfeldbau im Kapland''. Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1966, S. 144.</ref> Dooxada Webiga Hex waxay leedahay 5,200 acres oo dhul beerasho ah oo waraab ah, kaas oo qiyaastii 86 boqolkiiba loo isticmaalo beerashada [[lemon|liin dhanaanta]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, qiyaastii 450 ceel ayaa loo isticmaalaa in laga soo saaro [[groundwater|biyaha dhulka hoostiisa]], iyadoo celcelis ahaan qulqulka uu yahay 5 litir ilbiriqsi kasta.<ref>G. Papini (Groundwater Consulting Services), Republic of South Africa – Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF): [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/WCape/Breede2011.pdf ''Breede River Basin Study. Groundwater Assessment'']. Rivonia, Mai 2003, online auf www.dwaf.gov.za (englisch, PDF), PDF-Dokument S. 73.</ref> Laamaha muhiimka ah ee Webiga Hex waa Webiga Amandels iyo Webiga Sanddrift.<ref name="DWAF State of Rivers Report" /> == Dhaqanka iyo taariikhda degaamaynta dooxada == Degaannadii ugu horreeyay ee Yurubiyaanka ah waxay halkan ka jireen ilaa qarnigii 18-aad. Markii la gaaray 1700, qaxootiga [[Boer]] ayaa horay ugu sii gudbay dooxada iyagoo ku sii jeeda Great Karoo. Dooxadu waxay ahayd mid adag in laga yimaado [[Cape Town]] oo keliya ayaa lagu heli karaa meelo leexsan. Tani waxay u baahnayd in loo sii maro dhanka waqooyi, taas oo dhex martay Tulbagh Basin iyo Nuwekloof (Kl. Berg River), iyo laga bilaabo 1835 sidoo kale dul martay [[Bainskloof Pass]]. Sannadkii 1944, ka dib shaqada dhismaha, wadada laga bilaabo Worcester ilaa [[Paarl]] iyo Cape Town waxaa lagu dhex wadi karaa [[Du Toitskloof Pass]].<ref name="Molter 144" /> Dhismaha jidka tareenka ee loo dhisay [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] ayaa dhiirrigeliyay beerashada waraabka ee Dooxada Webiga Hex. Beerashada miro-dhalinta oo ballaaran ayaa halkan ka hirgashay xilli hore, taas oo markii dambe caan ku noqotay meel ka baxsan gobolkeeda. Dhismaha sii socda ee waddooyinka gaadiidka, gaar ahaan waddooyinka waaweyn, ayaa kor u qaaday horumarinta beeraha heer la taaban karo.<ref name="Molter 144" /> == Arrimaha deegaanka == Baabi'inta ballaaran ee dhirta dhinaca webiga iyo beddelka koorsada dabiiciga ah ee webiga iyo kanaallada iyadoo loo marayo qodista dhagaxyada sandstone ayaa wax u dhimay daacadnimada nidaamka webiyada Hex ee hoose iyo Smalblaar.<ref name="DWAF State of Rivers Report" /> Beeraha miraha iyo canabka ayaa gaara xeebaha webiyada Dwars, Hex iyo Upper Breede. Dhismahoodu wuxuu keenay in ay soo galaan dhir shisheeye ah oo duullaan ah iyo nabaad-guur ka dhaca aagga xeebaha webiga. Si loo horumariyo xaaladda, waxaa lagu talinayaa dib u soo celinta aagagga lagu hayo biyaha, hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimaada hawlaha [[bulldozer|bulldozers]] si dib loogu qaabeeyo dusha sare ee dhulka, iyo maamulka isticmaalka dhulka oo la hagaajiyay oo looga baahan yahay dhammaan aagga qabashada biyaha ee Webiga Hex.<ref name="DWAF State of Rivers Report" /> == Kaydka biyaha ee aagga qabashada == Webiga Hex, sida laantiisa biyaha qani ku ah ee Webiga Amandels, ma laha kaydkiisa u gaarka ah ee loogu talagalay soo saarista biyaha. Qaybaha sare ee Webiga Sanddrift (Sanddriftskloof) waxaa ku yaal laba biyo-xireen, [[Lakenvallei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Lakenvallei]] (10.230 milyan mitir cubic) meel u dhow [[Ceres, Western Cape|Ceres]] iyo Biyo-xireenka Roode Elsberg (7.733 milyan mitir cubic). Awooddooda kaydinta waxay keentaa heerar biyo oo aad u hooseeya xilliga xagaaga ilaa qaybaha hoose ay qalalaan.<ref name="DWA list">Department of Water and Sanitation: [http://www.dwa.gov.za/documents/dws_dams%20list%20internet.pdf ''List of DWS Dams''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dwa.gov.za/documents/dws_dams%20list%20internet.pdf |date=20180324221048 }}. auf ''www.dwa.gov.za'' (englisch).</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} i2v9tczloh57xqe9fkycuhsckxx9jcp 0 48605 308393 303190 2026-09-17T11:24:13Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Hennops | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Wierda Bridge wide.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Biriijka Wierda ee ka dul maraya Webiga Hennops | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka ka galo webiga Hennops <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Gauteng]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|94|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = [[Kempton Park, Gauteng|Kempton Park]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Crocodile River (West)|Webiga Crocodile]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|50|37|S|27|55|56|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1212|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Crocodile River (Limpopo)|Webiga Crocodile]] | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = [[Rietvlei River|Webiga Rietvlei]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Hennops''' waa mid ka mid ah webiyada waaweyn ee qulqula [[Gauteng]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wuxuu ka bilaabmaa meel u dhow [[Kempton Park, Gauteng|Kempton Park]], dhanka bari ee [[Johannesburg]] wuxuuna la kulmaa [[Crocodile River (Limpopo)|Webiga Crocodile]] in yar ka hor [[Hartbeespoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Hartbeespoort]]. Waa mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu wasakhaysan [[Gauteng]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3], dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.</ref> == Qulqulka == Webiga Hennops wuxuu ka bilaabmaa [[Terenure, Kempton Park|Terenure]], [[Kempton Park, Gauteng|Kempton Park]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi isagoo ku sii jeeda xaafadda [[Tembisa]]. Kadib wuxuu maraa [[Olifantsfontein]] wuxuuna la kulmaa [[Sesmyl Spruit]] oo ka soo qulqula [[Rietvlei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Rietvlei]]. Webigu wuxuu markaas u leexdaa dhanka waqooyi-galbeed isagoo maraya bartamaha [[Centurion, Gauteng|Centurion]]. Webigu wuxuu sii wadaa jihadan isagoo maraya dhulalka hoose ee [[Magaliesberg]] ka hor inta uusan ku shubin [[Crocodile River (Limpopo)|Webiga Crocodile]] dhankiisa midig meel u dhow [[Hartbeespoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Hartbeespoort]]. == Biyo-xireennada == [[Rietvlei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Rietvlei]], oo biyo siiya [[City of Tshwane|Magaalada Tshwane]], iyo sidoo kale biyo-xireenno beeraha ah oo badan ayaa ku yaal Dooxada Webiga Hennops. Lake Centurion iyo sidoo kale biyo-mareenno badan ayaa ku yaal webiga. == Wasakhowga == Webiga Hennops waa mid ka mid ah webiyada aadka u wasakhaysan ee [[Gauteng]]. Adeegyada fayadhowrka oo aan ku filnayn oo aan si fiican loo dayactirin ee [[Tembisa]], [[Ivory Park]], [[Olifantsfontein]] iyo [[Erasmia]] ayaa webiga u beddelay marin-biyo furan. [[AfriForum]] ayaa ururiyey muunado biyo ah oo ka yimid Webiga Hennops, natiijaduna waxay muujisay in in ka badan hal milyan oo unugyo ah oo ah noolaha tilmaamaha ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' ay joogaan 100 ml oo biyo ah. Khatarta caafimaad waa mid aad u sarreeya dadka la kulma xiriir buuxa ama qayb ahaan biyo leh in ka badan 2000 unug oo samaysma gumeysi 100 ml kasta.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Du Preez |first1=Martella |last2=Kühn |first2=Anneli |last3=Van Niekerk |first3=Harold |last4=Venter |first4=S N |title=National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual) |url=http://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/microbio/Document/NMMP_implementation_Surfaces.pdf |website=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry |publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry |accessdate=28 July 2018 |archive-date=9 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209053729/http://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/microbio/Document/NMMP_implementation_Surfaces.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Biyaha wasakhda ah ee aan la daweyn ama qayb ahaan la daweeyay ayaa sidoo kale ka kooban heerar sare oo fosfat iyo nitrate ah, kuwaas oo gacan ka geysta dhibaatooyinka [[eutrophication|nafaqaynta xad-dhaafka ah]] ee [[Hartbeespoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Hartbeespoort]]. Sannadkii 2020, FRESH [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] waxay ku rakibtay dabinno qashin ah xaafadda Clayville ee [[Tembisa]], dadka deegaankana waxaa loo shaqaaleysiiyay inay ka saaraan qashinka oo si dhakhso ah u ururay.<ref name="yt1">{{cite web |title=FRESH removing plastic waste from litter traps placed on the Hennops River |url=https://www.facebook.com/chinaplussa/posts/3504659516287339 |website=China Plus South Africa |publisher=YouTube |access-date=6 December 2020}}</ref> == Dhacdooyinka == Bishii Abriil 2025, saddex askari oo booliis ah oo la la'aa ayaa laga helay Webiga Hennops oo ku teedsan [[N1 (South Africa)|N1]] ee Centurion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Orrin |title=Five bodies recovered from Hennops River in search for missing Free State officers |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2025/04/29/four-bodies-recovered-from-hennops-river-in-search-for-missing-free-state-officers |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> Waxay la'aayeen muddo todobaad ah waxayna la sheegay inay ku sii jeedeen [[Bloemfontein]] ee [[Free State (province)|Free State]] ilaa gobolka [[Limpopo]], halkaas oo loo diray.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutsila |first=Lerato |date=2025-04-29 |title=Three missing police officers among five bodies found in Hennops River |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-04-29-three-missing-police-officers-among-five-dead-pulled-from-hennops-river-as-shocked-families-identify-bodies/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Booliiska ayaa sidoo kale helay laba meyd oo kale, mid ka mid ah oo ka tirsanaa shaqaalaha dhulka ee Adeegga Booliska Koonfur Afrika ee saldhigga booliiska Lyttleton iyo mid rayid ah.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sibiya |first=Noxolo |title=Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/remains-of-3-missing-officers-identified-among-5-bodies-retrieved-from-hennops-river-20250429 |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-29 |title=South African authorities find the bodies of 3 missing police officers in a river |url=https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-missing-police-officers-4d82842e854bc87bccfeacf2d0be96d4 |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> == Goobaha dalxiiska == Dooxada webiga waa meel loo tago fasaxa iyo dhamaadka todobaadka dadka deggan magaalooyinka dhow. Xeebaha Hennops waa meel caan ah oo loogu talagalay [[hiking|socodka]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.footprint.co.za/hennops.htm |title=Hennops Hiking Trail |access-date=6 April 2012 |archive-date=7 Bisha Shanaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507033055/http://www.footprint.co.za/hennops.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> kaluumaysiga, [[camping|xero dhigashada]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hennopspride.caravanparks.co.za/ |title=Hennops Pride Caravan Park |access-date=6 April 2012 |archive-date=14 Bisha Koobaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114051205/http://www.hennopspride.caravanparks.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyo [[picnic|dalxiiska cunnada]]. Waxaa ka dul mara laba biriij oo yaryar oo laadlaada, mid ku yaal Centurion Mall, iyo midka kale oo ku yaal Hennops Pride. Waxa kale oo jira goobo loo dalxiis tago iyo jid 4x4 ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hennops 4x4 trail |url=http://www.hennops.co.za/ |access-date=2026-07-07 |archive-date=2026-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260713191107/https://www.hennops.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064627/https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za/handle/10210/2008 Natural and anthropogenic influences on water quality: an example from rivers draining the Johannesburg Granite Dome] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20111218230304/http://www.internetaccommodation.co.za/town/hennopsriver Tourist Attractions near Hennops River, Gauteng, South Africa] {{Authority control}} kk1odafzzt2h7gij8aoh88rtyc3472g 0 48967 308373 301742 2026-09-17T09:47:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Young fishermen at Andasibe.jpg|thumb|Kalluumeysato dhalinyaro ah oo ku sugan webiga Sahatandra]] '''Sahatandra'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Boat tour through the mountain cloud forest - |url=https://www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com/en/boat-tour-through-the-mountain-mist-forest/ |website=urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com |access-date=3 March 2026 |archive-date=7 Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260307153014/https://www.urlaub-auf-madagaskar.com/en/boat-tour-through-the-mountain-mist-forest/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> waa wabi yar oo mara [[Andasibe, Moramanga|Andasibe]] oo ku yaal gobolka [[Alaotra-Mangoro]] ee [[Madagascar]] iyo [[Beerta Qaranka ee Andasibe-Mantadia]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Webiga Vohitra|Vohitra]] oo ku yaal Andasibe. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|18|56|S|48|25|E|display=title}} 1r2xh67sp43kha5ajd6b77cybcvi686 0 49152 308321 302162 2026-09-17T05:23:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Kamnarok iyo Harada Kanyaboli ee Alego, Degmada Siaya. | image = Facing kerio valley from anin.jpg | caption = Harada Kamnarok oo ku taal bartamaha [[Kerio Valley]] marka laga eego Anin Escarpment, ka sareeya Songeto | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = [[Kerio Valley]] | pushpin_map = Kenya#Africa | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta Harada Kamnarok ee Kenya. | pushpin_map_caption = | coords = {{coord|0|38|N|35|37|E|region:KE_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | type = [[Haro oxbow ah]] | inflow = [[Webiga Kerio]] | outflow = [[Webiga Kerio]] | catchment = | basin_countries = Kenya | length = | width = | area = {{convert|1|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = | islands = | cities = | website = | reference = }} '''Harada Kamnarok''' waa haro xilliyeed iyo mid ka mid ah harooyinka ox-bow ee tirada yar ee [[Kenya]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ventesventures.com/attractions/wildlife/lake-kamnarok-national-reserve/ | title=Lake Kamnarok National Reserve | date=15 January 2019 | access-date=13 Bisha Todobaad 2026 | archive-date=14 Bisha Todobaad 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260714080327/https://ventesventures.com/attractions/wildlife/lake-kamnarok-national-reserve/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> oo laga helo salka [[Kerio Valley]]. Magacu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ereyga [[Kalenjin languages|Kalenjin]] ee ''Narok'', kaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo nooc ka mid ah dhirta biyaha ee si ballaaran looga helay harada. Dhoobo dhumuc weyn ayaa ku wareegsan harada, taas oo ka dhigaysa helitaanka mid adag. Haradu waxay ku fadhidaa baaxad dhan qiyaastii 1&nbsp;km², si kastaba ha ahaatee iyadoo ah haro xilliyeed, cabbirku wuxuu mararka qaarkood noqon karaa mid aad uga yar. Waxay jirtay ka hor 1961 laakiin roobabkii fatahaadda ee sanadkaas ayaa horseeday inay weynaato. Masiibadii fatahaadda ayaa aragtay dadkii ku noolaa aagga oo la daadgureeyay si loo badbaadiyo nolosha. Diyaaradaha helicopter-ka ayaa loo adeegsaday intii lagu jiray hawlgalkii daadgureynta si dadka loogu qaado dhulka sare ee Maab Konga - buur u dhow xarunta ganacsiga Muchukwo. == Qiimaha deegaanka == Harada waxaa [[wikt:gazette#Verb|loo aqoonsaday]] sanadkii 1983, markii la abuuray [[Lake Kamnarok Game Reserve]] waxaana mar loo tixgeliyey inay tahay nidaamka deegaanka ee labaad ee ugu weyn Afrika oo leh tirada ugu badan ee xayawaanka ka dib Harada Chad. Sida uu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay [[Nation Media Group]], haradu waxay gabbaad u ahayd in ka badan 10,000 oo yaxaas cad, 400 oo maroodi, 13 nooc oo naasley ah oo kale iyo noocyo kala duwan oo shimbiro ah marka la gaaro sanadka 2020, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah kaydka ciyaaraha ugu qanisan marka loo eego kala duwanaanshaha noolaha ee dalka iyo Afrika. Tani waxay soo jiidatay kumanaan dalxiisayaal ah oo ku soo qulqulay harada si ay u daawadaan duurjoogta Afrika ee ugu quruxda badan, taas oo u soo xarootay degmada dakhli weyn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kimuge |first=Stanley |date=2023-03-08 |title=Animals perish as dry spell sounds death knell for Lake Kamnarok Game Reserve |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/baringo/animals-perish-as-dry-spell-sounds-death-knell-for-lake-kamnarok-game-reserve-4151096 |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> == Hanjabaadaha iyo ilaalinta == Sida harooyinka kale ee [[Kenyan Rift Valley|Great Rift Valley]], jiritaanka Harada Kamnarok waa mid halis ku jira, inta badan sababtoo ah hawlaha beeraha ee aagga, daaqsinka xad-dhaafka ah iyo [[isbeddelka cimilada]]. [[Webi-laamoodyada]] quudiya Harada Kamnarok waxaa ka mid ah webiyada Ketipborok, Cheplogoi, Oiwo iyo Lelabei. In kasta oo dadaallo badan ay sameeyeen dadka deegaanka iyo dawladdu si loo badbaadiyo harada, duurjoogta Harada Kamnarok ayaa weli wajahaya hanjabaad dabar-goyn ah ka dib duullaankii bini'aadamka ee aan la xakameynin iyo xaaladaha cimilada ee weligood isbeddelaya. Iyagoo la hadlay [[Nation Media Group]], maamulka [[Lake Kamnarok Game Reserve]] ayaa xaqiijiyay in ugu yaraan 200 oo yaxaas cad ay u dhinteen gaajo iyo harraad intii u dhaxaysay Janaayo iyo Maarso, 2023, halka kuwa badbaaday lagu qasbay inay u guuraan kor si ay u raadiyaan deegaan wanaagsan. Warbixintu waxay sheegtay in qaar ka mid ah yaxaas-yada cad ay weli ku xayiran yihiin dhoobada oo ay u badan tahay inay dhiman doonaan haddii aan tallaabo laga qaadin. Dadka deegaanka ayaa sidoo kale ka codsanaya hay'adaha dawliga ah ee ay khusayso sida [[Kenya Wildlife Service|Kenya WildLife Service]] inay qaadaan tallaabooyin halis ah oo badbaadin kara nolosha duurjoogta haray.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wafula |first=Paul |date=2019-03-08 |title=The tragedy of Lake Kamnarok |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/special-report/the-tragedy-of-lake-kamnarok/ |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamnarok}} 6kd7pg3ekkd7xepa3cdgo9a44klqgbz 0 49817 308381 303643 2026-09-17T10:07:03Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308381 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shabakadda Warbaahinta Shabeelle''' ( '''SMN''' ) waa hay'ad [[Radio|warbaahineed]] [[Muuq-baahiye (farsamo)|oo]] fadhigeedu yahay [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya. == Taariikh == Shabakadda Warbaahinta Shabeelle waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 2002 magaalada [[Marka|Merca]], Soomaaliya, waxaana aasaasay koox aqoonyahanno [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ah oo dhallinyaro ah. Hadafkeedu wuxuu ahaa in la hubiyo in Soomaalida adduunka oo dhan ay la socdaan horumarka ka jira bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo inay is xiriiraan. <ref name="Nsstvsl">https://www.insideview.com/directory/shabelle-media-network{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wejiga koowaad ee shabakadda ayaa diiradda lagu saarayay in hawada laga sii daayo Afrika, Aasiya iyo Australia iyada oo loo marayo dayax-gacmeedka [[Thaicom 3]] . Sannadkii 2005, waxay ballaarisay inay ku darto baahinta dayax-gacmeedka ee Waqooyiga Ameerika iyo Yurub. <ref name="Nsstvsl2">https://web.archive.org/web/20121201051112/http://blogs.rnw.nl/medianetwork/new-somali-satellite-tv-station-launched</ref> Raadiyaha SMN ee Shabelle ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u koray si uu u noqdo mid ka mid ah idaacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay ee ugu ixtiraamka badan Soomaaliya, <ref name="rsf">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101216022733/http://en.rsf.org/somalia-press-freedom-prize-goes-to-somali-10-12-2010,39003.html Press Freedom Prize goes to Somali radio station Radio Shabelle]</ref> ayaa hawada ka baxaya 6 subaxnimo ilaa saqda dhexe. <ref name="repubblica">https://web.archive.org/web/20101216022733/http://en.rsf.org/somalia-press-freedom-prize-goes-to-somali-10-12-2010,39003.html</ref> Waxay markii dambe xarunteedii u rartay caasimadda qaranka, Muqdisho. <ref name="Nsstvsl3">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL4378522 |access-date=2026-07-31 |archive-date=2022-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005065840/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL4378522 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraacyada == 88ofihunyh1q7qxe212zdovq96l6u1s 0 51770 308328 307096 2026-09-17T06:35:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | image_coa = DEU Jersbek COA.svg | image_photo = Herrenhaus Jersbek.JPG | image_caption = Jersbek Manor | coordinates = {{coord|53|44|27|N|10|13|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Jersbek in OD.svg | state = | district = Stormarn | Amt = Bargteheide-Land | elevation = 20-55 | area = 17.92 | postal_code = 22941 | area_code = 04532 | licence = OD | Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 62 036 | website = [http://www.bargteheide-land.de/ www.bargteheide-<br />land.de] | mayor = Herbert Sczech | party = }} '''Jersbek''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Stormarn (district)|Stormarn]], ee gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka Jersbek, Klein Hansdorf iyo Timmerhorn.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-18 |title=Gemeinde Jersbek |url=http://www.jersbek.de/gemeinde-jersbek/ |access-date=2025-12-08 |website=Gemeinde Jersbek |language=de-DE |archive-date=2026-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260124113747/http://jersbek.de/gemeinde-jersbek/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bulshadu waxay si weyn ugu soo caan baxday beerta barookada qarnigii 18-aad, oo uu aasaasay Bendix von Ahlefeld (1678–1757).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historisches und Eiskeller - Jersbeker Park |url=https://www.jersbeker-park.de/index.php/historisches |access-date=2025-12-08 |website=www.jersbeker-park.de}}</ref> Tan iyo 1913, waa hoyga kooxda ciyaaraha ee SSV Jersbek, oo bixisa hawlo ay ka mid yihiin kubbadda cagta, Zumba, Judo & Ju Jitsu, kubbadda laliska, gantaallada (darts), ciyaaraha carruurta iyo jirdhiska.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spiel- und Sportverein Jersbek von 1913 e.V. - Startseite |url=https://ssvjersbek.de/Startseite/ |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=ssvjersbek.de |language=de}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} o9mn4evh6zcmq4k1nfks1hviq80ipva 0 51857 308331 307258 2026-09-17T06:53:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Katzhuette.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|33|8|N|11|3|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Katzhütte in SLF.png |state = |district = Saalfeld-Rudolstadt |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Schwarzatal |elevation = 420 |area = 28.69 |postal_code = 98746 |area_code = 036781 |licence = SLF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 73 037 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.katzhuette-thueringen.de/ www.katzhuette-thueringen.de] |mayor = Ramona Geyer<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Katzhütte''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Saalfeld-Rudolstadt]], ee gobolka [[Thuringia|Thuringia]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafi== Degmada Katzhütte waa xarunta dooxada sare ee [[Schwarza (Saale)|Schwarza]]. ==Taariikh== Xuduudaha magaalada ee maanta waxaa la sameeyay 1950 iyadoo la mideeyay Katzhütte iyo Oelze oo laga dhigay hal degmo oo weyn. Waqtiga la aasaasay waxaa ku noolaa ku dhawaad 3,800 oo qof, laakiin midaynta kadib tirada dadka deegaanka ayaa si aad ah u yaraatay. Sannadkii 2020 waxaaharay oo kaliya 1,291 muwaadin. Magaabadu waxay si fiican ugu in badan u tagesaa hoyga shirkadda soo saarta [[porcelain|dhoobada]] ee Porzellanfabrik Hertwig & Co., taas oo ay aasaaseen Christoph Hertwig iyo Benjamin Beyermann 1864.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Germany / Thuringia / Katzhütte" at porcelainmarksandmore.com |url=http://www.porcelainmarksandmore.com/thuringia/katzhuette_1/00.php |access-date=2026-09-06 |archive-date=2013-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017235119/http://www.porcelainmarksandmore.com/thuringia/katzhuette_1/00.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Katzhutte}} g938hei78vrs2ams87upnt5rq16qfnh 0 52174 308333 308056 2026-09-17T07:06:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Kleinneuhausen.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|51|8|N|11|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Kleinneuhausen in SÖM.png |state = |district = Sömmerda |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Kölleda |elevation = 148 |area = 8.46 |postal_code = 99625 |area_code = 036372 |licence = SÖM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 68 033 |website = |mayor = Michael Köhler<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 8 March 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 |party = }} '''Kleinneuhausen''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Sömmerda (district)|Sömmerda]] ee [[Districts of Germany|degmooyinka]] [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. ==Iskaashiga magaalooyinka== Kleinneuhausen waxay xiriir la leedahay meelaha soo socda: *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Hettenrodt]], [[Birkenfeld (district)|Birkenfeld]], [[Rhineland-Palatinate]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Partnership with Hettenrodt |url=http://www.hettenrodt.de/pages/dorf/geschichte.php |access-date=2026-09-15 |archive-date=2012-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402154718/http://www.hettenrodt.de/pages/dorf/geschichte.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} o88wb2l29dbhdtpl2wqgbg9vjhmlsp6 0 52188 308334 308070 2026-09-17T07:11:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Körle.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|10|N|09|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Körle in HR.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Schwalm-Eder-Kreis |elevation = 188 |area = 17.51 |postal_code = 34327 |area_code = 05665 |licence = HR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 6 34 012 |website = [http://www.koerle.de www.koerle.de] |mayor = Mario Gerhold<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2024-05/BVII_m05-2024_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen|language=de|date=21 May 2024|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 |party = SPD }} '''Körle''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka Schwalm-Eder ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany]]. Waxay u jirtaa qiyaastii 20 km koonfur ka xigta [[Kassel]] u dhow leexashada [[Guxhagen]] ee ku taal [[Autobahn|wadada weyn]] [[Bundesautobahn 7|A 7]]. ==Taariikhda== Körle waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay sanadkii 1074 dukumenti deeq ah oo ka yimid [[monastery|keniisadda]] [[Fulda]]. Bulshada, sida ay hadda tahay, waxay timid iyada oo qayb ka ah dib-u-habeynta degmooyinka Hesse, markii bulshooyinka Empfershausen, Lobenhausen iyo Wagenfurth lagu daray Körle 1 Febraayo 1971. ==Iskaashiga== Bulshada Körle waxay ilaalinaysaa tan iyo 1991 xiriir la leh [[Floh-Seligenthal]] oo ka tirsan [[Thuringia]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.koerle.de/ Körle] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Korle}} lsv4idhf8v1yovk0r19vb8mdh69r4ec 10 52305 308206 2026-09-16T13:45:09Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} {{#property:P4456}} | [https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P4456}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at the [[Internet Off-Broadway Database]] (archived)<includeonly>{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P4456|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}... 308206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} {{#property:P4456}} | [https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P4456}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at the [[Internet Off-Broadway Database]] (archived)<includeonly>{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P4456|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}{{Wikidata check|property=P4456|value={{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|category=Internet Off-Broadway Database person ID}}</includeonly> | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:IOBDB name|IOBDB name]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{preview warning|1=to find the ID, try this [http://www.iobdb.com/Search?searchText={{urlencode:{{Remove accents|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}&searchDomain=Person IOBDB search] or this [https://www.google.com/search?udm=14&q={{urlencode:{{Remove accents|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}+site%3Awww.iobdb.com%2FCreditableEntity%2F Google search]}}{{Main other|[[Category:IOBDB name template missing ID and not in Wikidata]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 4vnz6x5x9u2cim0hxluqo4dijy5ifri 10 52306 308207 2026-09-16T13:45:57Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://web.archive.org/web/https://www.iobdb.com/Theatre/{{trim|{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}}} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at the [[Internet Off-Broadway Database]] (archived)<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 308207 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://web.archive.org/web/https://www.iobdb.com/Theatre/{{trim|{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}}} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at the [[Internet Off-Broadway Database]] (archived)<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> j8sjx2s7a7xu8q1zh6go9vsvj1yt4ts 10 52307 308208 2026-09-16T13:46:24Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} {{#property:P7398}} | [https://web.archive.org/web/https://www.iobdb.com/Production/{{#if:{{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}|{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}|{{First word|1={{#property:P7398}}|sep=,}}}} {{#if:1| ''<!-- ZERO WIDTH SPACE -->&#8203;{{#if:{{{2|{{{title<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{title}}}}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}&#8203;<!-- ZERO WIDTH SPACE -->'' {{#if:{{{3|{{{description|}}}}}}|{{{3|{{{description}}}}}}}} }}]... 308208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} {{#property:P7398}} | [https://web.archive.org/web/https://www.iobdb.com/Production/{{#if:{{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}|{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}|{{First word|1={{#property:P7398}}|sep=,}}}} {{#if:1| ''<!-- ZERO WIDTH SPACE -->&#8203;{{#if:{{{2|{{{title<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{title}}}}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}&#8203;<!-- ZERO WIDTH SPACE -->'' {{#if:{{{3|{{{description|}}}}}}|{{{3|{{{description}}}}}}}} }}] at the [[Internet Off-Broadway Database]] (archived)<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P7398|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|0|{{#if:{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}||[[Category:IOBDB title template using Wikidata]]}}}} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:IOBDB title|IOBDB title]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|0|[[Category:IOBDB title template missing ID and not in Wikidata]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ri8k9ve76pa6sow0nrmrbs9dco2vdko 10 52308 308209 2026-09-16T13:46:49Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.iobdb.com/AdvancedSearch/ProductionCriteria?ProductionTitle={{urlencode:{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }}&search=Search {{#if: {{{2|{{{title<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{title}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}]'' at the [[Internet Off-Broadway Database]] (archived)<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 308209 wikitext text/x-wiki ''[https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.iobdb.com/AdvancedSearch/ProductionCriteria?ProductionTitle={{urlencode:{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }}&search=Search {{#if: {{{2|{{{title<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{title}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}]'' at the [[Internet Off-Broadway Database]] (archived)<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> cvc3gjm6fq71zd1ty8pf0je9poz3qi7 10 52309 308210 2026-09-16T13:48:24Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#iferror: {{#expr: {{{id|{{{1|}}}}}} * 1}} | {{Citation error|no valid <kbd>id</kbd> number specified|cite bcgnis|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite encyclopedia | _exclude=id | _alias-map=2:entry,3:access-date,name:entry,title:entry | entry-url = https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/{{urlencode:{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}}}.html | entry = {{PAGENAME}} | encyclopedia = [[BC Geographical Names]] | publisher = Government... 308210 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#iferror: {{#expr: {{{id|{{{1|}}}}}} * 1}} | {{Citation error|no valid <kbd>id</kbd> number specified|cite bcgnis|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite encyclopedia | _exclude=id | _alias-map=2:entry,3:access-date,name:entry,title:entry | entry-url = https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/{{urlencode:{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}}}.html | entry = {{PAGENAME}} | encyclopedia = [[BC Geographical Names]] | publisher = Government of British Columbia – B.C. Geographical Names Office (BCGNO) }} }}{{Main other | {{#ifeq:{{{name|{{{title|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}| | [[Category:Articles using Template:Cite bcgnis without a feature name|{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> halcpj0c11v4kjawit7osv6u2va5n3p 10 52310 308211 2026-09-16T13:48:44Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{safesubst<noinclude />:#ifeq: {{{id|{{{1|}}}}}} | | {{citation error|No <kbd>id</kbd> specified|cite cgndb|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{safesubst<noinclude />:#ifeq: {{{name|{{{title|{{{2|}}}}}}}}} | | {{citation error|No <kbd>name</kbd> specified|cite cgndb|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite encyclopedia | _exclude=id | _alias-map=2:entry,3:access-date,name:entry,title:entry | entry-url = {{CGNDB URL|{... 308211 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst<noinclude />:#ifeq: {{{id|{{{1|}}}}}} | | {{citation error|No <kbd>id</kbd> specified|cite cgndb|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{safesubst<noinclude />:#ifeq: {{{name|{{{title|{{{2|}}}}}}}}} | | {{citation error|No <kbd>name</kbd> specified|cite cgndb|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite encyclopedia | _exclude=id | _alias-map=2:entry,3:access-date,name:entry,title:entry | entry-url = {{CGNDB URL|{{{id|{{{1}}}}}}}} | encyclopedia = [[GeoBase (geospatial data)#Geographical Names Data Base|Geographical Names Data Base]] | publisher = [[Natural Resources Canada]] }} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6y1pk39wxz31fceo8e3tqqn7ufovmxq 10 52311 308212 2026-09-16T13:49:10Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}||{{citation error|no <code>id</code> specified|cite bivouac|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{2|{{{name|{{{title|}}}}}}}}}||{{citation error|no <code>name</code> specified|cite bivouac|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite web | _exclude=id | _alias-map=2:title,3:access-date,name:title | url = https://www.bivouac.com/MtnPg.asp?MtnId={{urlencode:{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}}} | url-access... 308212 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}||{{citation error|no <code>id</code> specified|cite bivouac|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{2|{{{name|{{{title|}}}}}}}}}||{{citation error|no <code>name</code> specified|cite bivouac|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite web | _exclude=id | _alias-map=2:title,3:access-date,name:title | url = https://www.bivouac.com/MtnPg.asp?MtnId={{urlencode:{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}}} | url-access = registration | website = Bivouac.com }} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ndayvh3xn5vd0e0cp75outeqal3qlu0 10 52312 308213 2026-09-16T13:49:33Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}||{{citation error|no {{para|id}}|cite crdb|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{2|{{{name|{{{title|}}}}}}}}}||{{citation error|no {{para|name}}|cite crdb|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite web | _exclude=subject,id | _alias-map=2:title,3:access-date,name:title | url = https://cdnrockiesdatabases.ca/{{if empty|{{{subject|}}}|{{{4|}}}|peaks}}/{{urlencode:{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}}} | web... 308213 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}||{{citation error|no {{para|id}}|cite crdb|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{2|{{{name|{{{title|}}}}}}}}}||{{citation error|no {{para|name}}|cite crdb|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite web | _exclude=subject,id | _alias-map=2:title,3:access-date,name:title | url = https://cdnrockiesdatabases.ca/{{if empty|{{{subject|}}}|{{{4|}}}|peaks}}/{{urlencode:{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}}} | website = cdnrockiesdatabases.ca }} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> pv7vbnkfmmo99tlqlp9dy8e171dwpam 10 52313 308214 2026-09-16T13:51:18Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#switch:{{{2|NONE}}} |NONE|hatnote|hat={{Hatnote|extraclasses=plainlinks selfreference noprint|1={{{1}}}}} |inline=<div class="plainlinks selfreference" style="display:inline; font-style: italic;"><!--Same style as class hatnote.-->{{{1}}}</div> |<!--Matching the empty string here for unprintworthy content is for backwards compatibility with the 2006-2008 version. Do not depend on it!-->=<div style="display:inline;" class="plainlinks selfreference noprint">{{{1}}}</div> |#defa... 308214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{2|NONE}}} |NONE|hatnote|hat={{Hatnote|extraclasses=plainlinks selfreference noprint|1={{{1}}}}} |inline=<div class="plainlinks selfreference" style="display:inline; font-style: italic;"><!--Same style as class hatnote.-->{{{1}}}</div> |<!--Matching the empty string here for unprintworthy content is for backwards compatibility with the 2006-2008 version. Do not depend on it!-->=<div style="display:inline;" class="plainlinks selfreference noprint">{{{1}}}</div> |#default={{error|Second parameter must be <code>hatnote</code>, <code>hat</code>, or <code>inline</code>}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES THE /doc SUBPAGE, AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA, THANKS --> </noinclude> 1fofexag5alr80pdl56blk7jpylp120 10 52314 308215 2026-09-16T13:51:50Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Hatnote inline|selfref=yes|1={{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 308215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote inline|selfref=yes|1={{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 1lpvpxhz6c310w9mxnv8a5zcq4pyyul 10 52315 308216 2026-09-16T13:52:38Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SITENAME}}|Wikipedia |<!-- True, so make a wikilink [[{{{1}}}]] or [[{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}]] or accept a label called "title=" in place of {{{2}}} or accept a title called "url=" in place of {{{1}}} -->[[{{{1}}}|{{{title|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}}}}]]<!-- -->|<!-- False, so make a URL for the mirror site that points to Wikipedia. This accomplishes the purpose of this template. Label it the same way. -->[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title={{urle... 308216 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SITENAME}}|Wikipedia |<!-- True, so make a wikilink [[{{{1}}}]] or [[{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}]] or accept a label called "title=" in place of {{{2}}} or accept a title called "url=" in place of {{{1}}} -->[[{{{1}}}|{{{title|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}}}}]]<!-- -->|<!-- False, so make a URL for the mirror site that points to Wikipedia. This accomplishes the purpose of this template. Label it the same way. -->[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title={{urlencode:{{{url|{{{1}}}}}}}} {{{title|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}}}}]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 8x36x3aunjktixwrvldhzrq9lib6acw 10 52316 308217 2026-09-16T13:54:35Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <noinclude>{{#tag:syntaxhighlight| </noinclude>&#x2011;<noinclude> |lang=html}} {{template doc}}</noinclude> 308217 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{#tag:syntaxhighlight| </noinclude>&#x2011;<noinclude> |lang=html}} {{template doc}}</noinclude> 9x62ykcwm4ewfyma6zlp3neiskjrym5 10 52317 308218 2026-09-16T13:55:26Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#invoke:Separated entries|main|separator=&#8203;}}|&#8203;}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 308218 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#invoke:Separated entries|main|separator=&#8203;}}|&#8203;}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> afwijkklc8yyylhmcq0qmndkqyjuxu1 10 52318 308219 2026-09-16T13:56:28Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly><templatestyles src="Template:Sort under/styles.css" /></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> 308219 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><templatestyles src="Template:Sort under/styles.css" /></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> bxo8g2onz0kbhs83zs2skd46eec1l6m 10 52319 308220 2026-09-16T13:56:58Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ /** * Reposition sort arrows under column header text in the same cell. * * Table classes: * - sort-under (consensus right) * - sort-under-center * * Tested: * - Windows 10: (all skins) Chrome, Firefox, Edge. * - Android Galaxy S21 (MinervaNeue): Chrome, Firefox. * - Wikipedia Android app. * - Print: Not styled. * - No JavaScript. * * Note: * Can't align {{static row numbers}} column label after sorting when exactly * one header row followed... 308220 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /** * Reposition sort arrows under column header text in the same cell. * * Table classes: * - sort-under (consensus right) * - sort-under-center * * Tested: * - Windows 10: (all skins) Chrome, Firefox, Edge. * - Android Galaxy S21 (MinervaNeue): Chrome, Firefox. * - Wikipedia Android app. * - Print: Not styled. * - No JavaScript. * * Note: * Can't align {{static row numbers}} column label after sorting when exactly * one header row followed by any "sorttop" rows. * See Phab:T355492 - "Move sorttop rows from thead to second tbody". * Lint error: * thead tr:first-child:has(+ tr.sorttop)::before {} */ @media screen { /** * Reclaim old space. */ .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort, .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort { padding-right: 0.4em; } .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort, .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort { padding-right: 1px; } body.skin-minerva .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort, body.skin-minerva .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort { padding-right: 0.2em; } body.skin-timeless .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort, body.skin-timeless .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort { padding-right: 0.5em; } /** * Reposition arrows. */ html.client-js .sort-under.sortable th.headerSort { background-position: right bottom 0.2em; } html.client-js .sort-under-center.sortable th.headerSort { background-position: center bottom 0.2em; } /** * Add new space. */ .sort-under.sortable th.headerSort, .sort-under.sortable th.unsortable, .sort-under-center.sortable th.headerSort, .sort-under-center.sortable th.unsortable { padding-bottom: 1em; } body.skin-timeless .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort, body.skin-timeless .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable, body.skin-timeless .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort, body.skin-timeless .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable { padding-bottom: 1.2em; } body.skin-timeless .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort, body.skin-timeless .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable, body.skin-timeless .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort, body.skin-timeless .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable, body.skin-minerva .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort, body.skin-minerva .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable, body.skin-minerva .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort, body.skin-minerva .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable { padding-bottom: 0.8em; } /** * Align {{static row numbers}} column header text. */ .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable thead tr:only-child::before, .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable thead tr:only-child::before { padding-bottom: 0.9em; } body.skin-timeless .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable thead tr:only-child::before, body.skin-timeless .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable thead tr:only-child::before, body.skin-minerva .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable thead tr:only-child::before, body.skin-minerva .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable thead tr:only-child::before { padding-bottom: 0.8em; } /** * Adjust {{vertical header}} space. */ .sort-under.sortable th.ts-vertical-header.headerSort, .sort-under-center.sortable th.ts-vertical-header.headerSort { padding-top: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; } } /** * Increase touch screen button spacing for fat-finger error on header link. */ @media screen and (pointer: coarse) { /* Arrows. */ html.client-js .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort { background-position: right bottom 0.5em; } html.client-js .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort { background-position: center bottom 0.5em; } /* Space. */ .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort, .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable, .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort, .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable { padding-bottom: 1.6em; } body.skin-timeless .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort, body.skin-timeless .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable, body.skin-timeless .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort, body.skin-timeless .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable { padding-bottom: 1.8em; } /* {{Static row numbers}}. */ .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before, .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before { padding-bottom: 1.5em; } body.skin-timeless .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before, body.skin-timeless .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before, body.skin-minerva .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before, body.skin-minerva .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before { padding-bottom: 1.4em; } } lszw9kt6xupngofu6gj2m228b5cf7qg 10 52320 308221 2026-09-16T13:58:15Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ #if:{{{1|}}}|*{{brldb_prim|{{{1}}}|Train times}} and {{sildb prim|{{{1}}}|station information}} for {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}} from [[National Rail]]}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 308221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ #if:{{{1|}}}|*{{brldb_prim|{{{1}}}|Train times}} and {{sildb prim|{{{1}}}|station information}} for {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}} from [[National Rail]]}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ebluen39a8fskuiex4svm8axfa7yahb 10 52321 308222 2026-09-16T13:59:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://www.nationalrail.co.uk/live-trains/departures/{{{1}}} {{{2}}}]<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 308222 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www.nationalrail.co.uk/live-trains/departures/{{{1}}} {{{2}}}]<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 1l3d5l2tggmqk8f90ie2ms1e4t8ghc1 10 52322 308223 2026-09-16T14:00:06Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{brldb_prim|{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= This is a frontend for {{tl|brldb prim}} which sets the link text to be the same as the id. == isticmaal == <code><nowiki>{{Brldb|<id>}}</nowiki></code> waxay la mid tahay <code><nowiki>{{Brldb prim|<id>|<id>}}</nowiki></code> [[Category:External link templates]] [[Category:Rail transport templates]] }}</noinclude> 308223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{brldb_prim|{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= This is a frontend for {{tl|brldb prim}} which sets the link text to be the same as the id. == isticmaal == <code><nowiki>{{Brldb|<id>}}</nowiki></code> waxay la mid tahay <code><nowiki>{{Brldb prim|<id>|<id>}}</nowiki></code> [[Category:External link templates]] [[Category:Rail transport templates]] }}</noinclude> 3i8do5ilk4jfr138kz8avzwxaon9v9j 308224 308223 2026-09-16T14:00:42Z Isma4l 41797 308224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{brldb_prim|{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= Kani waa hordhac u ah {{tl|brldb prim}} kaas oo dhigaya qoraalka isku xirka inuu la mid noqdo aqoonsiga. == isticmaal == <code><nowiki>{{Brldb|<id>}}</nowiki></code> waxay la mid tahay <code><nowiki>{{Brldb prim|<id>|<id>}}</nowiki></code> [[Category:External link templates]] [[Category:Rail transport templates]] }}</noinclude> f39m8ct1m9y8i3i0rgtm8g35ahk6d8a 10 52323 308225 2026-09-16T14:01:49Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>File:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}} {{#ifeq:{{{colors|}}}|new|path|track}}.png}}}|thumb|{{{align|{{{2|left}}}}}}{{#if:{{{size|{{{3|275px}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{size|{{{3|275px}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{!}}alt={{{alt|Refer to caption.}}}}}|{{{caption|{{{4|Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale}}}}}}{{#if:{{{footnote|{{{note|}}}}}}|{{{footnote|{{{note|}}}}}}}}<br>{{Hidden begin |title=Map key}}{{WPTC track map key|colors={{{colors}}}}}{{Hidde... 308225 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>[[File:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}} {{#ifeq:{{{colors|}}}|new|path|track}}.png}}}|thumb|{{{align|{{{2|left}}}}}}{{#if:{{{size|{{{3|275px}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{size|{{{3|275px}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{!}}alt={{{alt|Refer to caption.}}}}}|{{{caption|{{{4|Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale}}}}}}{{#if:{{{footnote|{{{note|}}}}}}|{{{footnote|{{{note|}}}}}}}}<br>{{Hidden begin |title=Map key}}{{WPTC track map key|colors={{{colors}}}}}{{Hidden end}}]]{{#ifeq:{{{colors|}}}|new||[[Category:Pages using obsolete storm path colors]]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 0wft2uqq2omwjmnrip9q3pjngkcsais 10 52324 308226 2026-09-16T14:02:36Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{PAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 308226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{PAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7fckbjkhrbmhnyu827zxog8f8feir85 10 52325 308227 2026-09-16T14:03:30Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{Cite Russian law |ru_entity=Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации |ru_number=ОК 019-95 |ru_date=1 января 1997 г. |ru_title=Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территори... 308227 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Cite Russian law |ru_entity=Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации |ru_number=ОК 019-95 |ru_date=1 января 1997 г. |ru_title=Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления{{#if:{{{1|}}}|. Код&nbsp;{{{1}}}}} |ru_url=http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=107426 |ru_amendment_type=изменения |ru_amendment_number=278/2015 |ru_amendment_date=1 января 2016 г. |en_entity=State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification |en_number=OK 019-95 |en_date=January&nbsp;1, 1997 |en_title=Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO){{#if:{{{1|}}}|. Code&nbsp;{{{1}}}}} |en_amendment_type=Amendment |en_amendment_number=278/2015 |en_amendment_date=January&nbsp;1, 2016 }}</includeonly><noinclude> <div style="clear:both;"></div> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> ha5har6wwussupbq3hq5lbv6sevaygj 0 52326 308239 2026-09-17T03:04:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Kumhausen COA.svg |image_photo = Rathaus Kumhausen.JPG |image_caption = Xarunta degmada |coordinates = {{coord|48|30|N|12|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Kumhausen in LA.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Landshut |elevation = 437-510 |area = 37.07 |postal_code = 84036 |area_code = 08743 |licence = LA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 74 146 |divisions = 5 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.kumhausen.de www.kumhausen.de] |mayor = Thomas Huber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Kumhausen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Landshut (district)|Landshut]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} k9vjfe5pkv55j861h98oyjdzdelocq7 0 52327 308240 2026-09-17T03:06:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Kummerfeld.png |image_coa = DEU Kummerfeld COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|41|N|9|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Kummerfeld in PI.svg |state = |district = Pinneberg |Amt = Pinnau |elevation = 13 |area = 6.5 |postal_code = 25495 |area_code = 04101, 04120 |licence = PI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 56 032 |website = [http://www.amt-pinnau.de/ www.amt-pinnau.de] |mayor = Erika Koll |party = SPD }} '''Kummerfeld''' ({{IPA|de|ˈkʊmɐfɛlt}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Pinneberg (district)|Pinneberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} q7yyqno73javxej4zrkgdb1wuctv975 0 52328 308241 2026-09-17T03:08:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|13|59|N|12|09|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Kümmernitztal in PR.png |state = |district = Prignitz |Amt = Meyenburg |elevation = 81 |area = 20.21 |postal_code = 16945 |area_code = 033968, 033986 |licence = PR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 70 222 |website = [http://www.amtmeyenburg.de/ www.amtmeyenburg.de] |mayor = Steffen Sadowski<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12070000 Landkreis Prignitz Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Kümmernitztal''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Prignitz]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]]. ==Taariikhda== Degmada Kümmernitztal waxaa la aasaasay 2001 iyada oo ka dhalatay mideyntii degmooyinkii Grabow-Buckow iyo Preddöhl. Laga soo bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1945, deegaanada ka tirsan Kümmernitztal waxay qayb ka ahaayeen [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990, waxay qayb ka ahaayeen [[Bezirk Potsdam]] ee [[East Germany]]. == Dadweynaha == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Kümmernitztal.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarinta Dadweynaha tan iyo 1875 gudaha Xudduudaha Hadda (Sadarka Buluugga ah: Dadweynaha; Sadarka Dhibicdhibicda leh: Isbarbar-dhigga Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Cawl: Xilligii Xukunka Naasiyada; Asalka Cas: Xilligii Xukunka Shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Kümmernitztal: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>gudaha xudduudaha hadda (2013)<ref>Ilo-wareedyada xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helayaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 1014 | 1890 | 857 | 1910 | 834 | 1925 | 852 | 1933 | 811 | 1939 | 964 | 1946 | 1252 | 1950 | 1209 | 1964 | 786 | 1971 | 730 | 1981 | 492 | 1985 | 460 | 1989 | 466 | 1990 | 454 | 1991 | 450 | 1992 | 438 | 1993 | 449 | 1994 | 442 | 1995 | 434 | 1996 | 438 | 1997 | 429 | 1998 | 432 | 1999 | 419 | 2000 | 426 | 2001 | 424 | 2002 | 419 | 2003 | 422 | 2004 | 411 | 2005 | 402 | 2006 | 398 | 2007 | 394 | 2008 | 378 | 2009 | 379 | 2010 | 368 | 2011 | 370 | 2012 | 371 | 2013 | 374 | 2014 | 376 | 2015 | 371 | 2016 | 382 }} ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kummernitztal}} gurcwxlmjbvnniqu8hc36qm3cqbhgd4 0 52329 308242 2026-09-17T03:09:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|52|59|N|11|04|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Küsten in DAN.svg |state = |district = Lüchow-Dannenberg |Samtgemeinde = Lüchow (Wendland) |elevation = 22 |area = 41.27 |postal_code = 29482 |area_code = 05841 |licence = DAN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 54 013 |divisions = 18 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Michael Schulz |party = FW }} '''Küsten''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Lüchow-Dannenberg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kusten}} e4q2p21v1gycuxd024livbko704y4r4 0 52330 308243 2026-09-17T03:11:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Kusterdingen |image_coa = |image_plan = Karte Kusterdingen.png |coordinates = {{coord|48.5312|9.1484|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Tübingen |elevation = 405 |area = 24.24 |postal_code = 72127 |area_code = 07071 |licence = TÜ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 16 023 |divisions = 5 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.kusterdingen.de/ www.kusterdingen.de] |mayor = Jürgen Soltau<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 15 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 |party = independent }} '''Kusterdingen''' waa degmo ku taal koonfurta [[Germany]] ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]], qiyaastii 30&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigta [[Stuttgart]], degmada [[Tübingen]]. ==Juqraafiyada== Waxay ku taalaa inta loogu yeero buuraha ''Härten'' ee ka sarreeya dooxada [[Neckar]], qiyaastii 3&nbsp;km bari ka xigta Tübingen iyo 4&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Reutlingen]]. ===Degmooyinka deriska la ah=== Degmooyinka, magaalada iyo degmada soo socda ayaa xadka la leh Kusterdingen (laga bilaabo dhinaca waqooyiga iyadoo la raacayo jihada saacadda): [[Kirchentellinsfurt]], [[Wannweil]]¹, Magaalada [[Reutlingen]]¹, [[Gomaringen]], Magaalada [[Tübingen]]. Degmooyinka xadka la leh waxay ka mid yihiin [[Tübingen (district)|degmada Tübingen]] ama [[Reutlingen (district)|degmada Reutlingen]]¹. ===Qaybaha hoose=== Degmada Kusterdingen waxay ka kooban tahay shanta tuulo ee soo socda: * Kusterdingen * Immenhausen * Jettenburg * Mähringen * Wankheim ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|Kusterdingen}} * [http://sites-of-memory.de/main/wankheimholocaust.html Jewish cemetery in Kusterdingen/Wankheim at "Sites of Memory"] {{Authority control}} a0ycpdic5ummkvii6mvpydaa5gf9euc 0 52331 308244 2026-09-17T03:13:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|53|29|N|9|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Kutenholz_in_STD.png |state = |district = Stade |Samtgemeinde = Fredenbeck |elevation = 24 |area = 68.17 |postal_code = 27449 |area_code = 04762 |licence = STD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 59 031 |divisions = 5 |website = [http://www.kutenholz.de/ www.kutenholz.de] |mayor = Johann Peter Hink |party = CDU }} '''Kutenholz''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Stade (district)|Stade]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ka tirsanayd [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]]. Sannadkii 1648 Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo badalay [[Duchy of Bremen]], oo markii ugu horreysay ay maamulaysay [[personal union]] oo ay la lahayd Sweden, kana soo bilowday 1715-kii taajkii Hanover. Sannadkii 1823 Duchy waa la tirtiray oo dhulkeedu wuxuu qayb ka noqday [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fqea3b5tmk79vs5uk13uijllt2zsudk 0 52332 308245 2026-09-17T03:15:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Kutzleben Kirche.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Peter ee ku taal Kutzleben |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|12|N|10|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Kutzleben in UH.png |state = |district = Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bad Tennstedt |elevation = 205 |area = 18.34 |postal_code = 99955 |area_code = 036041 |licence = UH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 64 038 |website = |mayor = Janine Schäfer<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 8 March 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 |party = }} '''Kutzleben''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0jsg1wgxcmwrq50140t488vkhg5syfn 0 52333 308246 2026-09-17T03:16:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|52|N|11|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Laasdorf in SHK.svg |state = |district = Saale-Holzland-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Südliches Saaletal |elevation = 170 |area = 4.04 |postal_code = 07646 |area_code = 036428 |licence = SHK, EIS, SRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 74 049 |website = [https://www.vg-suedliches-saaletal.de www.vg-suedliches-saaletal.de] |mayor = Jens Conrad<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} [[File:Laasdorf 2004-07-11.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Laasdorf 2009-08-31 02.jpg|thumb|Laasdorf]] '''Laasdorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Saale-Holzland]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. Laga soo bilaabo Disembar 31, 2024, waxay lahayd dadweyne dhan 532 qof, oo ka koobnaa 258 rag ah iyo 274 dumar ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thüringer Landesamt für Statistik |url=https://statistik.thueringen.de/datenbank/TabAnzeige.asp?GGglied=1&GGTabelle=gem&tabelle=gg000102&startpage=99&datcsv=&richtung=&sortiere=&vorspalte=0&anzahlH=-3&fontgr=12&mkro=&AnzeigeAuswahl=&XLS=&auswahlNr=&felder=0&felder=1&felder=2&zeit=2024%7C%7Cs1&anzahlZellen=2172 |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=statistik.thueringen.de}}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} oknr8luj12rdysr9hbfqydzqozypwzr 0 52334 308247 2026-09-17T03:19:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Lammershagen Herrenhaus, Sept 2012a.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = {{ill|Gut Lammershagen|de}} ee ku taal Lammershagen |image_flag = Flagge Lammershagen.png |image_coa = DEU Lammershagen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|16|N|10|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lammershagen in PLOE.png |state = |district = Plön |Amt = Selent/Schlesen |elevation = 49 |area = 25.97 |postal_code = 24238 |area_code = 04384 |licence = PLÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 57 044 |website = [https://www.amt-selent-schlesen.de/ www.amt-selent-schlesen.de] |mayor = Wolfgang Radzuhn |party = SPD }} '''Lammershagen''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Plön (district)|Plön]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} js156ko88upvta4accfxo0ehk6p2q3d 0 52335 308248 2026-09-17T03:20:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = DEU Lampaden COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|38|55|N|6|42|7|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lampaden in TR.svg |state = |district = Trier-Saarburg |Verbandsgemeinde = Saarburg-Kell |elevation = 420 |area = 8.16 |postal_code = 54316 |area_code = 06588 |licence = TR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 072 |website = [https://lampaden.de/ lampaden.de] |mayor = Martin Marx<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Lampaden''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. Tuuladu waxay jirtaa in ka badan kun sano waxaana la siiyay [[grazing rights]] sannadkii 1036. Aaggu wuxuu horay u degganaa xilligii [[Celts|Celtic]] iyo [[Ancient Rome|Roman]]. Intii lagu guda jiray [[World War II]], labada keliya ee shaqaynaya [[V3 cannon]] ee loo adeegsaday in lagu bambaaneeyo [[Luxembourg]] waxaa lagu rakibay dooxado kaymo ah oo ka tirsan webiga [[Ruwer (river)|Ruwer]] ee Lampaden qiyaastii {{convert|13|km|mi}} koonfur-bari ee [[Trier]]. Tuulada waxaa si xun u burburiyey horraantii Maarso 1945 intii lagu jiray weerar celis Jarmal ah. Lampaden waxay leedahay 599 daganayaal (sida laga soo xigtay 2016).<ref>{{Cite web|title=rlpDirekt Portal|url=https://www.rlpdirekt.de/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=www.rlpdirekt.de}}</ref> Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah 279 rag ah (49 %) iyo 288 dumar ah (51%). ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9mmdmwtztdewfm7ughx0j5g0f6flgyk 0 52336 308249 2026-09-17T03:22:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen_lampertswalde.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|19|N|13|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lampertswalde in MEI.svg |state = |district = Meißen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = <span nolink>Schönfeld</span> |elevation = 152 |area = 63.52 |postal_code = 01561 |area_code = 035248 |licence = MEI, GRH, RG, RIE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14627110 |divisions = |website = [http://www.gemeinde-lampertswalde.de/ www.gemeinde-lampertswalde.de] |mayor = René Venus<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2019-wahlergebnisse.php Wahlergebnisse 2019], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;26 }} '''Lampertswalde''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Meißen (district)|Meißen]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany]]. ==Qaybaha degmada== Lampertswalde waxay ka kooban tahay qaybaha soo socda: *Adelsdorf (hore u ahaan jiray Dorf der Jugend) *Blochwitz *Brockwitz *Brößnitz *Mühlbach *Oelsnitz *Niegeroda *Quersa *Schönborn *[[Weißig am Raschütz]] == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} mwf0wx0wzri2d5uuueia0ct8zs0frmq 0 52337 308250 2026-09-17T03:24:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Landesbergen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|34|N|09|08|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Landesbergen in NI.svg |state = |district = Nienburg/Weser |Samtgemeinde = Mittelweser |elevation = 29 |area = 41.92 |postal_code = 31628 |area_code = 05025 |licence = NI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 56 017 |divisions = 4 |website = [http://www.landesbergen.de www.landesbergen.de] |mayor = Walter Busse |party = CDU }} '''Landesbergen''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Nienburg (district)|Nienburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa bangiga midig ee webiga [[Weser]], qiyaastii 10&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Nienburg, Lower Saxony|Nienburg]], iyo 35&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ee [[Minden]]. Landesbergen waxay ahayd xaruntii hore ee ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Landesbergen (Samtgemeinde)|Landesbergen]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} id4wdw30rj0wuyynuablbfjb4wm6wg4 0 52338 308251 2026-09-17T03:26:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Landolfshausen |image_skyline = Landolfshausen 2009-08-04b.jpg |image_coa = DEU Landolfshausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|31|N|10|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Landolfshausen in GÖ-2016.svg |state = |district = Göttingen |Samtgemeinde = Radolfshausen |elevation = 204 |area = 16.22 |postal_code = 37136 |area_code = 05507 |licence = GÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03159023 |divisions = 3 districts |website = [https://www.landolfshausen.de/ www.landolfshausen.de] |mayor = Günther Schlieper }} '''Landolfshausen''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Göttingen (district)|Göttingen]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Mid ka mid ah tuulooyinka ka tirsan degmada waa [[Falkenhagen (Landolfshausen)|Falkenhagen]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *{{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/97214597843/ Facebook group] {{Authority control}} 8972ki69vlnhb18zsl96n5b2lt3jv4j 0 52339 308252 2026-09-17T03:27:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Landsberied COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|10|N|11|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Landsberied in FFB.svg |image_photo = Landsberied Pfarrkirche St Johann Baptist 001 201507 087.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint John the Baptist |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Fürstenfeldbruck |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mammendorf |elevation = 555 |area = 10.54 |postal_code = 82290 |area_code = 08141 |licence = FFB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 79 132 |website = [http://www.landsberied.de/ www.landsberied.de] |mayor = Andrea Schweitzer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Landsberied''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Fürstenfeldbruck (district)|Fürstenfeldbruck]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ervl7s0d57go36sby42c7iuhary1ft3 0 52340 308253 2026-09-17T03:28:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Landscheide COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|55|N|9|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Landscheide in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Wilstermarsch |elevation = 6 |area = 7.44 |postal_code = 25572 |area_code = 04858 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 063 |website = [http://www.wilstermarsch.de/ www.wilstermarsch.de] |mayor = Uwe Lameyer }} '''Landscheide''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 1r8w8yb5ah322awgw14pmjet2d0xvci 0 52341 308254 2026-09-17T03:30:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Langdorf |image_photo = File:Langdorf Pfarrkirche 2014.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Katolika ee St. Maria Magdalena |image_coa = DEU Langdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|1|N|13|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langdorf in REG.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Regen |elevation = 645 |area = 34.35 |postal_code = 94264 |area_code = 09921 |licence = REG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 76 129 |website = [http://www.langdorf.de www.langdorf.de] |mayor = Michael Englram<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Langdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaŋdɔʁf}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Regen (district)|Regen]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. Waxaa hore loogu aqoon jiray Dorfmuri. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.Langdorf.de/ Town of Langdorf] {{commonscat|Langdorf}} {{Authority control}} t26adqyklazf7fwajqtsf2nnygfbfu2 308335 308254 2026-09-17T07:15:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Langdorf |image_photo = File:Langdorf Pfarrkirche 2014.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Katolika ee St. Maria Magdalena |image_coa = DEU Langdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|1|N|13|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langdorf in REG.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Regen |elevation = 645 |area = 34.35 |postal_code = 94264 |area_code = 09921 |licence = REG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 76 129 |website = [http://www.langdorf.de www.langdorf.de] |mayor = Michael Englram<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Langdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaŋdɔʁf}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Regen (district)|Regen]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. Waxaa hore loogu aqoon jiray Dorfmuri. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.Langdorf.de/ Town of Langdorf] {{Wayback|url=http://www.langdorf.de/ |date=20220411172707 }} {{commonscat|Langdorf}} {{Authority control}} jcehl260jq9aeb0e8ndao3nbzywbwbs 0 52342 308257 2026-09-17T03:33:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Langenbek |name_local = |image_photo = Langenbeek - Engelbeekbruech.jpg |image_caption = Buundada ka dusha taalla Engelbek ee ku taal Langenbek |type = Quarter |City = Hamburg |state = |borough = [[Harburg, Hamburg|Harburg]] |coordinates = {{Coord|53|25|53|N|9|59|22|E|display=it|region:DE_type:city}} |area = |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=02|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Metadata Population DE-HH|Langenbek}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=02|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = |area_code = |year = |plantext = Goobta Langenbek ee ku dhex taal Hamburg |image_plan = Langenbek in HH.svg }} '''Langenbek''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaŋənbeːk}}) waa xaafad ka tirsan [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]] oo ku taal degmada [[Harburg, Hamburg|Harburg]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dasoertliche.de/Themen/Vorwahlen/Hamburg.html|title=Das Ortliche|website=Das Ortliche|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://katasteramt.org/katasteramt/123-hamburg.html|title=Katasteramt/Vermessungsamt Hamburg (Kataster)|website=Katasteramt|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9ld8ii7ihddajqucyrimaalbpjskf0p 0 52343 308258 2026-09-17T03:34:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Koberbach-Talsperre_-_Panorama_-_gross.jpg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|45|N|12|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langenbernsdorf in Z.svg |state = |district = Zwickau |elevation = 280 |area = 36.37 |postal_code = 08428 |area_code = 03761 |licence = Z |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14524140 |divisions = 4 |website = [http://www.langenbernsdorf.de/ www.langenbernsdorf.de] |mayor = Tobias Bär<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_buergermeisterwahlen2023_gewaehlte-personen.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister 2023 im Freistaat Sachsen], Freistaat Sachsen. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Langenbernsdorf''' waa tuulo ku taal degmada [[Zwickau (district)|Zwickau]] ee [[Free State of Saxony]]. ==Juqraafiyada== Waqooyiga Langenbernsdorf waxaa ku yaal kaymo la yiraahdo Werdauer Wald. ===Degmooyinka deriska la ah=== Degmooyinka la deriska ah ee ku yaal degmada [[Zwickau (district)|Zwickau]] waxaa ka mid ah: *[[Zwickau]] *[[Neukirchen/Pleiße|Neukirchen]] *[[Werdau]] *[[Crimmitschau]] *[[Seelingstädt]] [[Teichwolframsdorf]] oo ka tirsan [[Thuringia]] ayaa sidoo kale la deris ah Langenbernsdorf. ===Qaybaha degmada=== Degmada waxaa ku jira qaybaha soo socda: *Langenbernsdorf *Niederalbertsdorf *Stöcken *Trünzig ==Taariikhda== Langenbernsdorf waxaa la aasaasay 1257 waxaana loogu magac daray "Bernztorff".<ref>[http://www.langenbernsdorf.eu/3_2.html The official homepage of the village langenbernsdorf - The History ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009163113/http://www.langenbernsdorf.eu/3_2.html |date=2007-10-09 }}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{refbegin}} *Macluumaadka maqaalkan wuxuu ku salaysan yahay iyo/ama laga turjumay dhiggiisa Jarmalka. {{refend}} {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060819164357/http://www.langenbernsdorf.de/ www.langenbernbernsdorf.de] {{Authority control}} tm3leahckbjfb8r8gnujqhk0dpaj8gj 308336 308258 2026-09-17T07:15:39Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 308336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Koberbach-Talsperre_-_Panorama_-_gross.jpg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|45|N|12|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langenbernsdorf in Z.svg |state = |district = Zwickau |elevation = 280 |area = 36.37 |postal_code = 08428 |area_code = 03761 |licence = Z |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14524140 |divisions = 4 |website = [http://www.langenbernsdorf.de/ www.langenbernsdorf.de] |mayor = Tobias Bär<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_buergermeisterwahlen2023_gewaehlte-personen.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister 2023 im Freistaat Sachsen], Freistaat Sachsen. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Langenbernsdorf''' waa tuulo ku taal degmada [[Zwickau (district)|Zwickau]] ee [[Free State of Saxony]]. ==Juqraafiyada== Waqooyiga Langenbernsdorf waxaa ku yaal kaymo la yiraahdo Werdauer Wald. ===Degmooyinka deriska la ah=== Degmooyinka la deriska ah ee ku yaal degmada [[Zwickau (district)|Zwickau]] waxaa ka mid ah: *[[Zwickau]] *[[Neukirchen/Pleiße|Neukirchen]] *[[Werdau]] *[[Crimmitschau]] *[[Seelingstädt]] [[Teichwolframsdorf]] oo ka tirsan [[Thuringia]] ayaa sidoo kale la deris ah Langenbernsdorf. ===Qaybaha degmada=== Degmada waxaa ku jira qaybaha soo socda: *Langenbernsdorf *Niederalbertsdorf *Stöcken *Trünzig ==Taariikhda== Langenbernsdorf waxaa la aasaasay 1257 waxaana loogu magac daray "Bernztorff".<ref>[http://www.langenbernsdorf.eu/3_2.html The official homepage of the village langenbernsdorf - The History ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.langenbernsdorf.eu/3_2.html |date=20071009163113 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009163113/http://www.langenbernsdorf.eu/3_2.html |date=2007-10-09 }}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{refbegin}} *Macluumaadka maqaalkan wuxuu ku salaysan yahay iyo/ama laga turjumay dhiggiisa Jarmalka. {{refend}} {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060819164357/http://www.langenbernsdorf.de/ www.langenbernbernsdorf.de] {{Authority control}} ev84pva8k1fh9ksmkqyvt2nhjwqxjqt 0 52344 308259 2026-09-17T03:36:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Langenneufnach COA.svg |image_photo = Langenneufnach - Kirche v NW, Frühling.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Martin |coordinates = {{coord|48|16|N|10|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langenneufnach in A.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Augsburg |elevation = 508-586 |area = 12.87 |postal_code = 86863 |area_code = 08239 |licence = A |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 72 168 |mayor = Gerald Eichinger<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [https://www.langenneufnach.de www.langenneufnach.de] }} '''Langenneufnach''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Augsburg (district)|Augsburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5rwqhus6cp33rh98lazmtee1por9o3j 0 52345 308260 2026-09-17T03:37:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Langenorla.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|44|N|11|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langenorla in SOK.png |state = |district = Saale-Orla-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Oppurg |elevation = 185 |area = 22.71 |postal_code = 07381 |area_code = 03647 |licence = SOK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 75 054 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.vg-oppurg.de/ www.vg-oppurg.de] |mayor = Lars Fröhlich<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 }} '''Langenorla''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Saale-Orla-Kreis]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2ee4zghcxqk0c4ja8yd6otje2pmxrbk 0 52346 308262 2026-09-17T03:39:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Langenselbold |image_coa = DEU Langenselbold COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|11|N|09|02|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langenselbold in MKK.svg |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = Main-Kinzig-Kreis |elevation = 120 - 200 |area = 26.23 |postal_code = 63505 |area_code = 06184 |licence = MKK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 35 017 |website = [http://www.langenselbold.de/ www.langenselbold.de] |mayor = Timo Greuel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Langenselbold''' ({{IPA|de|laŋənˈzɛlbɔlt|-|De-Langenselbold.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Main-Kinzig]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa webiga [[Kinzig (Main)|Kinzig]], 10&nbsp;km bari ka xigta [[Hanau]]. Sannadkii 2009, magaaladu waxay martigelisay munaasabadda gobolka ee 49aad ee [[Hessentag]]. [[File:Stadt Langenselbold.png|thumb|Bulshooyinka ka kooban]] ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} exwhlv8c9url3mbv4wa66esx7g9h543 0 52347 308264 2026-09-17T03:41:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Langewahl |type = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|20|N|14|06|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langewahl in LOS.PNG |state = |district = Oder-Spree |Amt = Scharmützelsee |elevation = 43 |area = 13.27 |postal_code = 15518 |area_code = 03361 |licence = LOS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 67 288 |website = |mayor = Bärbel Kleinschmidt<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12067000 Landkreis Oder-Spree Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = Independent }} '''Langewahl''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Oder-Spree]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]]. Meel u dhow waxaa ku yaal [[Dubrower Berge]] oo ah buuro kaymo leh oo caan ku ah dadka lugaynaya iyo kuwa baaskiilka wata. == Dadweynaha == <gallery widths="200" heights="150"> File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Langewahl.pdf|Horumarinta dadweynaha ilaa 1875 iyada oo ku dhex taal xudduudaha hadda (Xariiqda Buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Xariiqda Dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarinta dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Cawl: Xilligii [[Nazi Germany]]; Asalka Cas: Xilligii [[East Germany]] ee shuuciga ah) </gallery> {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Langewahl: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>ee ku dhex taal xudduudaha hadda (2013)<ref>Ilaha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 452 | 1890 | 516 | 1910 | 611 | 1925 | 749 | 1933 | 866 | 1939 | 963 | 1946 | 945 | 1950 | 944 | 1964 | 839 | 1971 | 824 | 1981 | 734 | 1985 | 720 | 1989 | 711 | 1990 | 704 | 1991 | 698 | 1992 | 693 | 1993 | 700 | 1994 | 691 | 1995 | 704 | 1996 | 704 | 1997 | 716 | 1998 | 715 | 1999 | 729 | 2000 | 752 | 2001 | 786 | 2002 | 817 | 2003 | 836 | 2004 | 839 | 2005 | 831 | 2006 | 856 | 2007 | 846 | 2008 | 828 | 2009 | 824 | 2010 | 820 | 2011 | 812 | 2012 | 814 | 2013 | 819 | 2014 | 845 | 2015 | 850 | 2016 | 838 }} ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 86xz2ffjvxt75iztx8y4zl5uh6wf8zd 0 52348 308265 2026-09-17T03:42:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Langfurth COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|6|N|10|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langfurth in AN.svg |state = |region = Mittelfranken |district = Ansbach |elevation = 443 |area = 21.15 |postal_code = 91731 |area_code = 09856 |licence = AN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 71 170 |divisions = 9 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.langfurth.de/ www.langfurth.de] |mayor = Simon Schäffler<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Langfurth''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaŋfʊʁt}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ansbach (district)|Ansbach]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} mn9884r258uxap8kq0n8e171vl6x4fy 0 52349 308266 2026-09-17T03:44:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Langgöns COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|30|N|08|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Landkreis Gießen Langgöns.png |state = |region = Gießen |district = Gießen |elevation = 222 |area = 52.53 |postal_code = 35428 |area_code = 06403 / 06447 / 06085 |licence = GI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 5 31 009 |website = [https://www.langgoens.de www.langgoens.de] |mayor = Marius Reusch<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Langgöns''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaŋɡœns}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Gießen (district)|Gießen]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa 10&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigta [[Gießen]]. Sabab la xiriirta sida ay magaaladu ugu dhowdahay saldhigyadii hore ee milatariga Maraykanka; [[Ayers Kaserne]], [[Giessen Army Depot]], iyo [[Ray Barracks, Friedberg, Germany|Ray Barracks]], magaaladu waxay horay u ahayd hoyga bulsho ka kooban dhowr boqol oo Mareykan ah, badankooduna waxay ahaayeen shaqaalaha milatariga iyo rayidka ah ee Maraykanka iyo qoysaskooda. == Meelaha xiisaha leh == * Roomaanka [[Limes Germanicus]]: Qayb ka mid ah derbigii qadiimiga ahaa ee Limes ayaa weli laga heli karaa kaynta qiyaastii 1&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee tuulada agteeda waddada A45. Burburka derbigu wuxuu la socdaa waddada alwaaxda ee u jeedda waqooyi-koonfur, oo u fidaysa koonfurta iyada oo dhex marta magaalada Butzbach, waxayna sii socotaa koonfur-bari iyada oo aadeysa [[Taunus|buuraha Taunus]] iyo saldhigga qadiimiga ah ee Roomaanka ee [[Saalburg]]. * Motocross: Mid ka mid ah waddooyinka tartanka mootooyinka ee ugu weyn Hesse ayaa ku yaal qiyaastii 2&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee magaalada si тў ah uga baxsan L3133 isla markaana ka dambeeya saldhigga milatariga Maraykanka ee hore [[Ayers Kaserne]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Langgons}} r32833ma7ellrw24rpydnmm89ignesy 0 52350 308267 2026-09-17T03:45:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Langlingen.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|33|N|10|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langlingen in CE.svg |state = |district = Celle |Samtgemeinde = Flotwedel |elevation = 45 |area = 33.57 |postal_code = 29364 |area_code = 05082 |licence = CE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 51 017 |divisions = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.langlingen.de www.langlingen.de] |mayor = Ernst Ingolf Angermann |party = CDU }} '''Langlingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaŋlɪŋən}}; {{langx|nds|Langeln}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Celle (district)|Celle]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} docwfwp2tpg6iywqjhff2emz2fl0cxz 0 52351 308268 2026-09-17T03:47:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Langscheid |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen der Ortsgemeinde Langscheid.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|22|50|N|7|6|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langscheid in MYK.png |state = |district = Mayen-Koblenz |Verbandsgemeinde = Vordereifel |elevation = 520 |area = 2.54 |postal_code = 56729 |area_code = 02655 |licence = MYK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 37 061 |website = [http://langscheid-eifel.de/ langscheid-eifel.de] |mayor = Gabriele Müller-Dewald<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Langscheid''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Mayen-Koblenz|Mayen-Koblenz]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4c5ka5nleo3knthvdf7ddz06cp120dj 0 52352 308269 2026-09-17T03:48:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Landstedt<br><small>Langsted</small> |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Langstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|37|6|N|9|23|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langstedt in SL.PNG |state = |district = Schleswig-Flensburg |Amt = Eggebek |elevation = 16 |area = 13.19 |postal_code = 24852 |area_code = 04609 |licence = SL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 138 |website = [http://www.amt-eggebek.de/ www.amt-eggebek.de] |mayor = Jacob Bundtzen |party = }} '''Langstedt''' ({{langx|da|Langsted}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Schleswig-Flensburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. Langstedt waxay ku taal qiyaastii 20&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigta Flensburg iyo 20 kiiloomitir waqooyi-galbeed ee Schleswig oo ku taal hareeraha miyiga Schleswig ee ku yaal Schleswigschen Geest ee Treene. Qaybta waqooyi ee in ka badan 300 oo hektar Büsch Auer Forst waxay ka tirsan tahay degmada Langstedt. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 08b0kol73jy862a71mxhof6u40ojeog 0 52353 308270 2026-09-17T03:50:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = Langsur.JPG |image_coa = DEU Langsur COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|43|29|N|6|29|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langsur in TR.svg |state = |district = Trier-Saarburg |Verbandsgemeinde = Trier-Land |elevation = 154 |area = 11.93 |postal_code = 54308 |area_code = 06501 |licence = TR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 073 |website = [http://www.langsur.info/ www.langsur.info] |mayor = Reinhold Thiel<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Langsur''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. == Mesenich == [[File:Mesenich, Langsur.jpg|thumb|]] Mesenich waa tuulo yar oo [[Germany|Jarmal]] ah oo ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde|Ortsgemeinde]]'' ee Langsur. Waxay ku taallaa waqooyiga Verbandsgemeinde, oo u dhow [[Sauer Valley Bridge (Wasserbillig)|Sauertalbrücke]], buundada ay ku taal [[Bundesautobahn 64]], oo ah wadada weyn ee miiqaanka leh ee xiriirisa [[Luxembourg City]] iyo [[Trier]], oo ka gudubta [[Sauer]]. Waxay sidoo macaamil u tahay beer qorraxeed iyo macdan dhagax dabiici ah. == Wasserbilligerbrück == Wasserbilligerbrück waa tuulo yar oo kale oo [[Germany|Jarmal]] ah oo ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde|Ortsgemeinde]]'' ee Langsur.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fzVrYpUFgIcC&pg=PA1469&dq=Wasserbilligerbr%C3%BCck+langsur#q=Wasserbilligerbr%C3%BCck%20langsur|title=Müllers Großes Deutsches Ortsbuch 2012: Vollständiges Ortslexikon|date=2012-08-31|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110278064|pages=1469|language=de}}</ref> Waxay ku taallaa buundada ka gudubta [[Sauer]] ee ku xiraysa magaalada [[Luxembourg]]ish ee [[Wasserbillig]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nl_RBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA41&dq=Wasserbilligerbr%C3%BCck+wasserbillig#q=Wasserbilligerbr%C3%BCck%20wasserbillig|title=Reiseverkehrsgeographie|last1=Kamphausen|first1=Rudolf E.|last2=Strewe|first2=Hans J.|date=2013-03-08|publisher=Springer-Verlag|isbn=9783322826497|pages=41|language=de}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} k9lvccsd0jr3tn463lkae2ah78qukyy 0 52354 308271 2026-09-17T03:52:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Langwedel |image_coa = Wappen Langwedel.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|58|N|9|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langwedel in VER.svg |state = |district = Verden |elevation = 19 |area = 76.24 |postal_code = 27299 |area_code = 04232, 04235 |licence = VER |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 61 006 |divisions = 6 districts |website = [http://www.langwedel.de/ www.langwedel.de] |mayor = Andreas Brandt<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;25 |party = SPD }} '''Langwedel''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaŋveːdl̩}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Verden (district)|Verden]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa banka midig ee webiga [[Weser]], qiyaastii 7&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Verden, Germany|Verden]], iyo 30&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ee [[Bremen]]. [[File:St. Sigismund-Kirche Daverden (Gem. Langwedel).jpg|thumb|left|Kaniisadda St Sigismund ee Daverden]] Langwedel waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Prince-Bishopric of Verden]], oo la aasaasay 1180. Sannadkii 1648 Amiir-Bishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Principality of Verden]], taas oo markii ugu horreysay uu xukumay [[personal union]] oo ay la leedahay Crown-ka Iswiidhan - oo ay dhexda kaga jirtay qabsashadii Denmak (1712–1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa xukumayey [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] Crown. [[Kingdom of Hanover]] ayaa ku dartay Amiirrada midow [[real union]] ah, dhulkii amiirrada, oo uu ku jiro Langwedel, wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Gobolka Stade]] ee cusub, oo la aasaasay 1823. == Ururinta == Langwedel waa degmo midaysan waxayna ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka soo socda: * [[Daverden]] (13,005&nbsp;km²). * [[Etelsen]] (oo ay ku jiraan [[Cluvenhagen]] iyo Hagen-Grinden iyo sidoo kale Giersberg iyo [[Steinberg (Langwedel)|Steinberg]]).(23,874&nbsp;km²) * [[Haberloh]] (5,404&nbsp;km²). * [[Holtebüttel]] (oo ay ku jiraan Dahlbrügge, Nindorf, Schülingen iyo Overing iyo Förth) (8,492&nbsp;km²). * Langwedel (oo ay ku jirto Langwedelermoor) (7,619&nbsp;km²). * [[Völkersen]] (17,716&nbsp;km²). ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} tg7q39g81j9yzr8sbm86souvhbu5k3v 0 52355 308272 2026-09-17T03:53:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen von Langwieden.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|22|30|N|7|29|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Langwieden in KL.svg |state = |district = Kaiserslautern |Verbandsgemeinde = Bruchmühlbach-Miesau |elevation = 403 |area = 7.03 |postal_code = 66894 |area_code = 06372 |licence = KL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 35 202 |mayor = Hannah Havel<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Kaiserslautern], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Langwieden ''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Kaiserslautern (district)|Kaiserslautern]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} idqm6x66k4k2936curllafjqbrcp3xw 0 52356 308273 2026-09-17T03:56:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Lankau.png |image_coa = Lankau Wappen.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|40|9|N|10|40|1|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lankau in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Sandesneben-Nusse |elevation = 47 |area = 19.12 |postal_code = 23881 |area_code = 04542 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 081 |website = [http://www.amt-sandesneben-nusse.de/ www.amt-<br />sandesneben-<br />nusse.de] |mayor = Olaf Franz |party = }} '''Lankau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaŋkaʊ}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 059p4dgh8kpy7jasyk03dlsrf2v1550 0 52357 308274 2026-09-17T03:58:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Lanze |image_photo = |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|53|23|N|10|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lanze in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Lütau |elevation = 8 |area = 9.04 |postal_code = 21483 |area_code = 04153 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 082 |website = {{url|https://www.lanze.de/}} |mayor = Rolf Meyer-Bothling }} '''Lanze''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlantsə|-|De-Lanze.ogg}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category-inline|Lanze (Lauenburg)|Lanze}} {{authority control}} sd65ds2b8fsojpxycvi89gtx97a623b 0 52358 308275 2026-09-17T04:00:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Herrenhaus Krummbek.jpg |image_caption = [[Krummbek Manor]] |image_coa = DEU Lasbek COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|44|2|N|10|21|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lasbek in OD.svg |state = |district = Stormarn |Amt = Bad Oldesloe-Land |elevation = 45 |area = 12.4 |postal_code = 23847 |area_code = 04534 |licence = OD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 62 089 |website = [http://www.amt-bad-oldesloe-land.de/ www.amt-bad-<br />oldesloe-land.de] |mayor = Harald Lodders |party = SPD }} '''Lasbek''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Stormarn (district)|Stormarn]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Krummbek Manor]] ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5tv1wucqqco9aobxvwtm1fgzpufo4ek 0 52359 308276 2026-09-17T04:01:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Lascheid |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|06|35|N|6|24|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lascheid in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Arzfeld |elevation = 530 |area = 3.47 |postal_code = 54597 |area_code = 06554 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 255 |website = [https://www.lascheid.net/ www.lascheid.net] |mayor = Thomas Colles<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Lascheid''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]]. ==Juqraafiyada== Goobtu waxay ku taal joog sare oo ku yaal buuraley ku taal bari Islek, taas oo loo tixgeliyo koonfurta Eifel . Xuduudda gobolka ee Luxembourg waa ilaa 20&nbsp;km galbeed ka xigta tuulada. Lascheid waxaa kaloo ku jira qayb ka mid ah tuulada yar ee Gesotz. 59.5% oo ka mid ah aagga degmada ayaa loo isticmaalaa beeralayda, 35.6% waa kayn (xaaladda 2012). Bulshada waxay xuduud la leedahay Dackscheid xagga waqooyi, Lasel xagga bari, Hargarten xagga koonfureed iyo Waxweiler iyo Pintesfeld xagga galbeedka. ==Taariikhda== Goobtu waxay u badan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo jeedo marxaladihii nadiifinta ee dhexdhexaadka ah. Sannadkii 1540 waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay "Lasscheid". Ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 18aad Lascheid wuxuu ka tirsanaan jiray wada-tashiga Pronsfeld. Xukunka Faransiiska waxaa maamula Mairie Waxweiler, xilligii Prusiya waxaa maamula duqa magaalada Waxweiler ee Prüm. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 3tjzk0vxygar0jrhhk43j06sqk2m9by 0 52360 308277 2026-09-17T04:03:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Lasel |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = DEU Lasel COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|06|46|N|6|28|03|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lasel in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Prüm |elevation = 336 |area = 4.51 |postal_code = 54612 |area_code = 06553 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 256 |website = [http://www.pruem.de/og.php?inhalt=ortsgemeinde.php&kz=19&kontext=kontextog.php Lasel at website www.pruem.de] |mayor = Manfred Klasen<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Lasel''' waa [[municipality|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} caqd63pw5vtflfclcuice4cae721xrv 0 52361 308278 2026-09-17T04:04:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Lastrup |image_flag = Flagge Lastrup.svg |image_coa = DEU Lastrup COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|46|N|7|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lastrup in CLP.svg |state = |district = Cloppenburg |elevation = 45 |area = 85.53 |postal_code = 49688 |area_code = 0 44 72<br>0 44 77 (Lastrup-Hemmelte) |licence = CLP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 53 009 |divisions = 14 districts |website = [http://www.lastrup.de// www.lastrup.de] |mayor = Michael Kramer<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;23 |party = CDU }} '''Lastrup''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlastʁʊp}}; {{langx|nds|Laastrup}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Cloppenburg (district)|Cloppenburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 15&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Cloppenburg]]. == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Ludger Gerdes]] (1954–2008), rinjiile iyo xardhe * [[Andreas Schnieders]] (dhashay 1966), feedh yahan * [[Özlem Türeci]] (dhashay 1967), khabiir ku takhasusay difaaca jirka iyo ganacsade ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1m9x49nzsuuyd39sc2cj743fojil6df 0 52362 308279 2026-09-17T04:06:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Latendorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|59|50|N|10|3|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Latendorf in SE.svg |state = |district = Segeberg |Amt = Boostedt-Rickling |elevation = 42 |area = 17.94 |postal_code = 24598 |area_code = 04320, 04393 |licence = SE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 052 |website = |mayor = Torsten Hamann |party = }} '''Latendorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Segeberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Dadka caanka ah== Latendorf waa meesha ay ku dhalatay [[Henry William Heisch]], oo ahaa askari ka tirsanaa [[United States Marine Corps]] oo ka shaqaynayay markabka [[USS Newark (C-1)]] intii lagu guda jiray [[Boxer Rebellion]] laguna abaalmariyay [[Medal of Honor]] ficilladii ka dhacay Tientsin, Shiinaha 20 Juun 1900. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} lqritro2hkwo4e44pzkvkxvauxb4kj1 0 52363 308280 2026-09-17T04:08:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Lauterhofen COA.svg |image_photo = Lauterhofen1.jpg |image_caption = Aragtida ku wajahan tuulada |coordinates = {{coord|49|22|N|11|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lauterhofen in NM.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz |elevation = 480 |area = 78.55 |postal_code = 92283 |area_code = 09186 |licence = NM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 73 140 |divisions = 9 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.lauterhofen.de/ www.lauterhofen.de] |mayor = Ludwig Lang<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Lauterhofen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Neumarkt (district)|Neumarkt]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany]]. == Dadka caanka ah == * Engelbert Niebler (1921-2006), laga soo bilaabo 1975 ilaa 1987 garsoore ka tirsanaa Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah ee Federaalka iyo Professor Sharaf leh oo ka tirsan [[LMU Munich]] * [[Frederick V of the Palatinate|Frederick V]] (1596-1632), Count Palatine iyo Elector ee Palatinate laga soo bilaabo 1610 ilaa 1623 iyo Boqorka Bohemia (sida ''Frederick I'') laga soo bilaabo 1619 ilaa 1620 * Max Sturm (1891-1958) muusikiiste, kabanka garaaca, gabayada iyo macallin muusig oo ka tirsan Amberg ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} grdnd02rrdo849x1khjpp28jj9yrozl 0 52364 308281 2026-09-17T04:10:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = DEU Lautert COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|10|8|N|7|50|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lautert in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Nastätten |elevation = 390 |area = 3.56 |postal_code = 56355 |area_code = 06772 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 078 |website = [https://www.lautert-taunus.de/ www.lautert-taunus.de] |mayor = Günter Klamp<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Lautert''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Rhein-Lahn|Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 7gx1gkdaqx19f2v60x8kfuyhbna5zcm 0 52365 308282 2026-09-17T04:11:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Lautrach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|54|N|10|8|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_photo = Schloss Lautrach.jpg |image_caption = [[Lautrach Castle]] |image_plan = Lautrach in MN.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Unterallgäu |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Illerwinkel |elevation = 631 |area = 8.07 |postal_code = 87763 |area_code = 08394 |licence = MN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 78 164 |website = {{url|http://www.lautrach.de}} |mayor = Reinhard Dorn<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Lautrach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaʊtʁax}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Unterallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} gldjs2ynmz2k9lmk8pf7xfs2xdeymzr 0 52366 308283 2026-09-17T04:13:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Lebrade Gedenkstein.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Xusuusta dagaalka ee Lebrade |image_flag = Flagge Lebrade.png |image_coa = DEU Lebrade COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|13|N|10|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lebrade in PLOE.png |state = |district = Plön |Amt = Großer Plöner See |elevation = 41 |area = 18.59 |postal_code = 24306 |area_code = 04383 |licence = PLÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 57 045 |website = [http://www.amt-grosser-ploener-see.de/ www.amt-grosser-<br />ploener-see.de] |mayor = Jörg Prüß |party = SPD }} '''Lebrade''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Plön (district)|Plön]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} o9jlmt8mvm7p3n72l6tf0mhcemaybtk 0 52367 308284 2026-09-17T04:15:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Legau COA.svg |image_photo = Legau (Allgäu).jpg |image_caption = Legau |coordinates = {{coord|47|51|N|10|8|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Legau in MN.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Unterallgäu |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Illerwinkel |elevation = 667 |area = 36.35 |postal_code = 87764 |area_code = 08330 |licence = MN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 78 165 |website = [http://www.legau.de www.legau.de] |mayor = Thomas Heinle<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Legau''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Unterallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} hczko4nmglbgkpyzq3t0cqoueblr002 0 52368 308285 2026-09-17T04:16:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Lehesten.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|28|32|N|11|26|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lehesten in SLF.png |state = |district = Saalfeld-Rudolstadt |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Schiefergebirge |elevation = 640 |area = 35.94 |postal_code = 07349 |area_code = 036653 |licence = SLF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 73 046 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.lehesten.de/ www.lehesten.de] |mayor = Nicole Vockeroth<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 |party = }} '''Lehesten''' ({{IPA|de|ˈleːəstn̩|-|De-Lehesten.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Thuringian Forest]], oo 20&nbsp;km koonfur-bari kaga beegan [[Saalfeld]]. == Xarunta Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka V-2 == Ka dib go'aankii Ogosto 1943 ee ahaa in loo guuro soo saaridda gantaalka V-2 ee dhulka hoostiisa ah,<ref name=Neufeld>{{cite book |last=Neufeld|first=Michael J|title=The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era |year=1995|publisher=The Free Press|location=New York|page=200-201|isbn=978-0-02-922895-1}}</ref> militariga Jarmalku waxay saxiixeen kireysi loogu talagalay miiska slate ee Oertelsbruch ee Lehesten 15 Sebtember 1943.<ref name=Gropp>{{cite book |last=Gropp|first=Dorrit|title=Das Konzentrationslager Aussenkommando Laura und Vorwerk Mitte Lehesten -Testbetrieb für V2-Triebwerke|year=1999|publisher=Westkreuz|page=25-33}}</ref> Dr. Martin Schilling, oo ahaa madaxa tijaabada ee Peenemünde, ayaa doortay goobta, 400 oo injineer ayaana halkaas loogu wareejiyay [[Peenemünde#Evacuation|Peenemünde]].<ref name=Ordway>{{cite book |last1=Ordway |first1=Frederick I III |author-link1=Frederick I. Ordway III |url=https://archive.org/details/rocketteam0000ordw |title=The Rocket Team |last2=Sharpe |first2=Mitchell R. |publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell |year=1979 |isbn=1-894959-00-0 |series=Apogee Books Space Series 36 |location=New York |page=99}}</ref> Shaqaalaha xeryaha fiirsashada, ee lagu hayay xero ku taal goobta ("Laura"), ayaa dhisay warshadda dhulka hoostiisa ah waxayna gacan ka geysteen shaqadeeda.<ref name=Kessler>{{cite book |last=Kessler|first=Ryszard|title=Die Hölle im Schieferberg. Erinnerungen an "Laura."|year=1998|publisher=Schwarm Verlag}}</ref> Soo saaridda ogsajiinta dareeraha ah iyo cabbiraadda qolka gubashada ayaa bilaabatay Janaayo 1944. Sagaal mashiin oo ogsajiin ah ayaa la rakibay oo shaqeynayay bishii Maarso 1944. Janaayo 1945 saddex mashiin oo dheeraad ah ayaa halkaas loo raray. Goobta waxaa la daadgureeyay 13 Abriil 1945 ka hor intaysan imaan ciidamada xulafada.<ref name="Schmundt-Thomas">{{cite journal|last=Schmundt-Thomas|first=Georg|date=January 2026|title= Bottleneck: the supply of liquid oxygen for the German V-2 rocket|journal=Journal of Military History|volume=90|issue=1|pages=86-113}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == <references/> {{Authority control}} 8768rqyuje8y2c764o5l670ceh3fk8g 0 52369 308286 2026-09-17T04:18:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Lehmen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|17|3|N|7|27|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lehmen in MYK.png |state = |district = Mayen-Koblenz |Verbandsgemeinde = Rhein-Mosel |elevation = 100 |area = 10.25 |postal_code = 56332 |area_code = 02607 |licence = MYK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 37 504 |divisions = 2 |website = [https://www.gemeinde-lehmen.de/ www.gemeinde-lehmen.de] |mayor = Arnold Waschgler<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Lehmen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈleːmən|-|De-Lehmen.ogg}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Mayen-Koblenz|Mayen-Koblenz]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9ys54a9lxbd6xv4v9eicnyv8em1pwjh 0 52370 308287 2026-09-17T04:20:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Lehmkuhlen.png |image_coa = DEU Lehmkuhlen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|14|N|10|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lehmkuhlen in PLOE.png |state = |district = Plön |Amt = Preetz-Land |elevation = 37 |area = 31.23 |postal_code = 24211 |area_code = 04342 |licence = PLÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 57 046 |divisions = 4 |website = [https://www.amtpreetzland.de/ www.amtpreetzland.de] |mayor = Norbert Langfeldt |party = }} '''Lehmkuhlen''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Plön (district)|Plön]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Goobaha xiisaha leh== * [[Arboretum Lehmkuhlen]] ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} f1hk51th9slh84myy0g8sxh3eaystvw 0 52371 308288 2026-09-17T04:21:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Lehmrade.png |image_coa = DEU Lehmrade COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|36|N|10|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lehmrade in RZ.svg |state = |district = Herzogtum Lauenburg |Amt = Breitenfelde |elevation = 31 |area = 11.40 |postal_code = 23883 |area_code = 04542 |licence = RZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 53 084 |website = [https://www.amt-breitenfelde.de/ www.amt-<br />breitenfelde.de] |mayor = Cornelia Wagnitz |party = }} '''Lehmrade''' waa [[municipality|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ntu72ru2wwl6qfbvkvx54xwze427a5c 0 52372 308289 2026-09-17T04:23:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|56|24|N|11|26|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lehnstedt in AP.png |state = |district = Weimarer Land |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mellingen |elevation = 280 |area = 6.45 |postal_code = 99441 |area_code = 036453 |licence = AP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 71 049 |mayor = Tobias Delle<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 }} '''Lehnstedt''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Weimarer Land]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} lyn9slvl9hky8k6hks5od0tgma9kxsn 0 52373 308290 2026-09-17T04:24:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Lehrberg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|19|N|10|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lehrberg in AN.svg |state = |region = Mittelfranken |district = Ansbach |elevation = 407 |area = 50.85 |postal_code = 91611 |area_code = 09820 |licence = AN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 71 171 |divisions = 19 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.lehrberg.de/ www.lehrberg.de] |mayor = Renate Hans<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} [[File:Lehrberg, die evangelisch-lutherische Pfarrkirche Sankt Margaretha in straatzicht DmD-5-71-171-11 foto4 2016-08-05 10.05.jpg|Lehrberg, kaniisada dib-u-habaysan (Pfarrkirche Sankt Margaretha) ee wadada ku taal|thumb|240px|left]] '''Lehrberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈleːɐ̯bɛʁk}}; {{langx|vmf|label=[[East Franconian German|East Franconian]]|Lährberch}}) waa [[market town|magaalo suuqeed]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Ansbach (district)|Ansbach]], [[Mittelfranken]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. {{clear-left}} ==Tuulooyinka== Waxaa jira degmooyin lagu xusay hoos: {| | width="200" valign="top" | * [[Ballstadt]] * [[Berndorf, Rhineland-Palatinate|Berndorf]] * [[Birkach]] * [[Brünst]] * [[Buhlsbach]] * [[Gödersklingen]] * [[Gräfenbuch]] * [[Hürbel am Rangen]] * [[Kühndorf]] * Lehrberg |valign="top"| * [[Oberheßbach]] * [[Obersulzbach]] * [[Röshof]] * [[Schmalach]] * {{ill|Schmalenbach, Lehrberg|lt=Schmalenbach|de|Schmalenbach (Lehrberg)}} * [[Unterheßbach]] * [[Untersulzbach]] * [[Wüstendorf]] * [[Zailach]] |} ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category}} {{Wikinews|:de:Viele Opfer bei Gasexplosion im bayrischen Lehrberg|d1=Dhibbanayaal badan oo ka dhashay qarax gaas oo ka dhacay Lehrberg, Bavaria (Jarmal)}} {{Authority control}} 4xu8jor91fonhxd00dga45vyntavesv 10 52374 308291 2026-09-17T04:25:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308291 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Clear_left]] 8m1bbuonv41srj3r3ao903obtagq29p 0 52375 308292 2026-09-17T04:27:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa =DEU_Leimersheim_COA.svg |image_photo = Leimersheim-240-Obere Hauptstr 17-gje.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|49|7|21|N|8|20|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = Germersheim |Verbandsgemeinde = Rülzheim |image_plan = Leimersheim in GER.svg |elevation = 105 |area = 12.97 |postal_code = 76774 |area_code = 07272 |licence = GER |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 34 016 |website = [http://www.leimersheim.de/ www.leimersheim.de] |mayor = Matthias Schardt<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3340000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Germersheim], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = CDU }} '''Leimersheim''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Germersheim (district)|Germersheim]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. ==Taariikhda== Horraantii qarnigii 18aad, waxaa jiray laba qoys oo Yuhuud ah oo ku noolaa Leimersheim, horraantii qarnigii 19aadna, waxaa jiray toban qoys.<ref name="Vashem2001"/> Sannadkii 1880-kii, waxaa jiray 118 qof oo Yuhuud ah oo ku noolaa Leimersheim, taas oo ay ugu dambeyntii hoos ugu dhacday 26 sannadkii 1932 ka hor intaanu billaaban [[World War II]].<ref name="Vashem2001">{{cite book |last1=Vashem |first1=Yad |title=The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: K-Sered |date=2001 |publisher=[[NYU Press]] |isbn=9780814793770 |page=713 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MZzY8sG8yNsC&pg=PA713 |accessdate=14 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Reinhard Liebel]] (1841-1905), ganacsade iyo siyaasi ka soo jeeda [[Erie]], Pennsylvania; ku dhashay Leimersheim. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fdn0qc9n1b9i5zkzp8erau4blnksddd 0 52376 308293 2026-09-17T04:28:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Leinach COA.svg |image_photo = Peterskirche Leinach.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisada St. Peter ee Unterleinach |coordinates = {{coord|49|52|N|9|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Leinach in WÜ.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Würzburg |elevation = 280 |area = 28.01 |postal_code = 97274 |area_code = 09364 |licence = WÜ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 79 200 |website = [http://www.leinach.de www.leinach.de] |mayor = Arno Mager<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Leinach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaɪnax}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Würzburg (district)|Würzburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany]]. Waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka [[Unterleinach]] iyo [[Oberleinach]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5evg7zp1tb36pmzr8f0t98nejagejvb 0 52377 308294 2026-09-17T04:29:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Leinburg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|27|06|N|11|18|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_photo = D-5-74-139-3 02.jpg |image_caption = Xarunta Leinburg |image_plan = Leinburg in LAU.svg |state = |region = Mittelfranken |district = Nürnberger Land |elevation = 392 |area = 29.44 |postal_code = 91227 |area_code = 09120, 09187 or 09158 |licence = LAU, ESB, HEB, N, PEG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 74 139 |divisions = 17 Gemeindeteile |website = [http://www.leinburg.de/ www.leinburg.de] |mayor = Thomas Kraußer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Leinburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlaɪnbʊʁk}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Nürnberger Land]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany]]. ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta Juqraafiyadeed=== Leinburg waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 20 kiiloomitir bari ka xigta [[Nuremberg]], si toos ah ugu taal buuraha [[Moritzberg (Franconian Jura)|Moritzberg]], oo ah laan ka tirsan [[Franconian Jura]]. Joogga 603 mitir, Moritzberg waa meesha ugu sarreysa ee deegaanka ku xeeran. Biyoodka Haidelbach, oo dhex mara ku dhowaad dhammaan degmada laga bilaabo bari ilaa galbeed, wuxuu ka soo jeedaa koonfurta tuulada Entenberg - oo ah hoos-u-qaybsiga municipal ee Leinburg - oo ku taal jiirada waqooyi ee buurta Balcher ee dhererkeedu yahay 588 mitir ee kaynta Langes Ried. ===Qaybaha Hoose ee Degmada=== [[File:2016 Leinburg Rathhaus.jpg|thumb|Hoolka Magaalada Leinburg, 2016]] Degmadu waxay leedahay 17 qaybood oo hoose oo municipal ah (nooca degdeggu waa mid ku jira qawsaska):<ref name="v352">{{cite web | title=Leinburg | website=bavarikon | date=2011-05-09 | url=https://www.bavarikon.de/object/odb:BSB-ODB_A00000124?lang=en | access-date=2025-12-07}}</ref><ref name="h759">{{cite web | title=Gemeinde Leinburg, Landkreis Nürnberger Land | website=BayernPortal | url=https://www.bayernportal.de/dokumente/behoerde/82441534627/ortsteile | language=de | access-date=2025-12-07}}</ref> * Diepersdorf (tuulo) * Entenberg (tuulo kaniisad leh) * Ernhofen (tuulo) * Fuchsmühle (tuulo yar) * Gersberg (tuulo) * Gersdorf (tuulo) * Heiligenmühle (tuulo yar) * Leinburg (tuulo kaniisad leh) * Oberhaidelbach (tuulo) * Pötzling (tuulo) * Pühlhof (tuulo yar) * Reuth (tuulo yar) * Scheerau (tuulo yar) * Unterhaidelbach (tuulo) * Weihersberg (tuulo) * Weißenbrunn (tuulo) * Winn (tuulo) ==Taariikhda== ===Asalka Magaca=== Magaca meesha waxaa laga yaabaa inuu tilmaamayo soo saaridda maryahaas maxalliga ah iyo beerashada flax ee la xiriirta, taas oo lagu fuliyay waqtiyadii hore jiirada buurta Moritzberg.<ref name="w164">{{cite web | title=Leinburg | website=Gemeinde Leinburg | url=https://www.leinburg.de/seite/de/gemeinde/089:283/-/Leinburg.html | language=de | access-date=2025-12-07}}</ref> ===Sheegashadii Kowaad=== Ma jiraan diiwaanno taariikhi ah oo lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ku saabsan asalka meesha. Leinburg waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay dukumenti ku jira wareegto boqortooyo oo uu soo saaray [[Louis the Bavarian]] sannadkii 1299<ref name="w164"/>. Diepersdorf — oo ah qaybta ugu weyn ee hoose tirsan degmada Leinburg — waxaa markii ugu horreysay la sheegay 1079 markii [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Boqor Henry IV]] uu ku deeqay Dieprehdesdorf wasiirkii (rashiikho aan xor ahayn) Ebbo.<ref name="w191">{{cite web | last=Abraham | first=Webmaster Horst | title=Vereinskartell Diepersdorf | website=Diepersdorf | date=2018-05-27 | url=https://diepersdorf.net/2.html | language=de | access-date=2025-12-13}}</ref> Qaybta hoose ee Leinburg ee Gersdorf waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay dukumenti ka socda [[Burgraves of Nuremberg]] sannadkii 1265<ref name="h996">{{cite book | last=Heissler | first=Ronald | title=Rund um den Moritzberg: unser Hausberg naturhistorisch betrachtet | publisher=Naturhistorische Gesellschaft | date=1989 | url=https://www.google.de/books/edition/Rund_um_den_Moritzberg/kCoEmwEACAAJ?hl=de | language=de | access-date=2025-12-13 | page=96}}</ref>. ===Taariikhda Dhexe=== Sannadkii 1299, Leinburg waxaa loo ballanqaaday [[Count of Nassau]], kaas oo 1360 iibiyay Leinburg, oo ay la socoto degmada Altdorf, oo la siiyay [[Burgrave Albrecht the Fair of Nuremberg]]. Dhaxal ama iib awgeed, qoysas kale oo sharaf leh ayaa noqday sayidyada Leinburg. Sannadkii 1504, Leinburg waxay hoos timaaday maamulka [[Free Imperial City of Nuremberg]]. Nuremberg waxay noqotay ilaaliyaha kaniisadda Leinburg 1526, isla sannadkaasna, magaaladii waxay heshay [[Protestant|Protestant]]kii ugu horreeyay [[pastor|wadaad]].<ref name="w164"/> Tuulada Leinburg waxay si xun u soo gaartay dagaallo iyo cudurro daacuun ah. Taariikhdu waxay xuseysaa sannadaha 1547 ee [[Schmalkaldic War]] iyo 1562 oo ah sannad [[Plague (disease)|daacuun]].<ref name="w164"/> Ka dib [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618 – 1648), Leinburg waxay noqotay guri cusub oo ay degeen [[exiles|qaxooti]] badan oo ka yimid [[Austria]] oo ay qasab ku noqotay inay hayaamaan iimaankooda [[Protestant]] awgeed.<ref name="y799">{{cite book | last=Barthel | first=Konrad | title=Exulanten und Zuwanderer im Evang.-Luth. Dekanat Altdorf bei Nürnberg von 1626 bis 1699 | publisher=Selbstverlag der Gesellschaft für Familienforschung in Franken | publication-place=Nürnberg | date=2000 | isbn=3-929865-46-7 | language=de | page=9}}</ref> ===Waqtiga Casriga ah=== [[World War II]] sidoo kale waxay calaamad u reebtay tuulada, taasoo keentay 40 dhisme oo la burburiyay iyo dad badan oo hoy la'aan ah. Sannadihii dagaalka ka dib, tirada dadka tuulada ayaa kordhay sababtoo ah imaatinka qaxootiga. Waxaa la aasaasay kaniisad Katoolik ah, oo maanta u adeegta dhammaan degmada Leinburg iyo degmada Engelthal. Kordhin joogto ah oo ku saabsan tirada dadka ayaa sidoo kale la diiwaangeliyay tobannaan sano ee xigay.<ref name="w164"/> Luulyo 1, 1971, degmada Unterhaidelbach, oo ay ku jiraan tuulooyinka hoose ee Weihersberg iyo Pühlhof, ayaa lagu daray.<ref name="p966">{{cite book | title=Handbuch der bayerischen Ämter, Gemeinden und Gerichte 1799-1980 | publisher=Beck | publication-place=München | date=1983 | isbn=3-406-09669-7 | language=de | page=542}}</ref> Lixda degmo ee soo socda, oo madaxbannaanayd ilaa dib-u-habaynta dhulka ee Bavaria, waxay ku midoobeen tuulooyinkoodii hoose ee ku kala baxay degmada cusub ee midaysan Maajo 1, 1978:<ref name="e312">{{cite book | title=Historisches Gemeindeverzeichnis für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Namens-, Grenz- und Schlüsselnummernänderungen bei Gemeinden, Kreisen und Regierungsbezirken vom 27.5.1970 bis 31.12.1982 | publisher=Kohlhammer | publication-place=Stuttgart | date=1983 | isbn=3-17-003263-1 | language=de | page=720}}</ref> * Leinburg, oo ay ku jiraan tuulooyinka hoose ee Heiligenmühle, Fuchsmühle, Krämersweiher, iyo Forsthaus. * Diepersdorf waa tuulada hoose ee ugu weyn degmada. Tuulada yar ee Scheerau waxay qayb ka ahayd degmadii hore ee Diepersdorf. * Entenberg * Gersdorf. Degmadii hore ee Gersdorf waxaa ku jiray Reuth, Pötzling, iyo Gersberg. * Oberhaidelbach * Weißenbrunn oo ay la socdaan tuulooyinka yar yar ee Winn iyo Ernhofen ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nwcs1lrtug5lo5tqid3qzwixzqpg80g 0 52378 308295 2026-09-17T04:31:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Leinsweiler COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|11|03|N|8|01|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Leinsweiler in SÜW.svg |state = |district = Südliche Weinstraße |Verbandsgemeinde = Landau-Land |elevation = 263 |area = 5.80 |postal_code = 76829 |area_code = 06345 |licence = SÜW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 37 051 |website = [http://www.leinsweiler.de/ www.leinsweiler.de] |mayor = Thomas Stübinger<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Leinsweiler''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Südliche Weinstraße]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]]. Tuulooyin kale oo yar yar leh, waxay samaysaa “Verbandsgemeinde” (‘degmada wadajirka ah’) [[Landau-Land]]. (Waxaa loogu magac daray magaalada [[Landau]]). ==Tixraacyada== {{commonscat}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3gc7zdcy81ll9tlovdw7dew20t1gh9p 0 52379 308298 2026-09-17T04:32:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Leinzell COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|50|58|N|09|52|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Leinzell in AA.svg |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Ostalbkreis |elevation = 400 |area = 2.11 |postal_code = 73575 |area_code = 07175 |licence = AA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 36 040 |website = [https://www.leinzell.de/ www.leinzell.de] |mayor = Marc Schäffler<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-leinzell-2022/ Bürgermeisterwahl Leinzell 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;30 }} '''Leinzell''' ({{IPA|de|laɪnˈtsɛl|lang}}) waa [[municipality|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Germany|Jarmalka]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], degmada [[Ostalbkreis]]. == Dadweynaha == '''Koboca dadweynaha:'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leinzell (Ostalbkreis, Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland) - Einwohnerzahlen, Grafiken, Karte, Lage, Wetter und Web-Informationen |url=https://citypopulation.de/de/germany/badenwurttemberg/ostalbkreis/08136040__leinzell/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=citypopulation.de}}</ref> {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable sortable zebra hintergrundfarbe5" !Sannadka !Dadweynaha |- align="right" |1990 |2,311 |- align="right" |2001 |2,325 |- align="right" |2011 |2,067 |- align="right" |2021 |2,061 |} |} == Duqeyda magaalada == *1897–1921: Josef Rist *1921–1934: August Ohnewald *1934–1945: Anton Lang *1945–1946: Anton Ströbel *1945–1968: Gustav Vogt *1968–1974: Klaus Pick *1974–2006: Günter Nesper *2006–2022: Ralph Leischner *Tan iyo 2022: Marc Schäffler ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0x0eu3omsvultu5p8biqutqh9t1spot 0 52380 308299 2026-09-17T04:34:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Lemfoerde.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|28|N|08|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lemförde in DH.svg |state = |district = Diepholz |Samtgemeinde = Altes Amt Lemförde |elevation = 46 |area = 6.95 |postal_code = 49448 |area_code = 05443 |licence = DH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 51 023 |website = [http://www.lemfoerde.de www.lemfoerde.de] |mayor = Stefanie Budke-Stambusch |party = }} '''Lemförde''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Diepholz (district)|Diepholz]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa agagaarka harada [[Dümmer]], qiyaastii 15&nbsp;km koonfur ka xigta [[Diepholz]]. Lemförde sidoo kale waa xarunta ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") ee [[Altes Amt Lemförde]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lemforde}} jpr4hza7dal57zy22x17q57evx4u2cv 0 52381 308300 2026-09-17T04:35:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Lemgow.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|55|N|11|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lemgow in DAN.svg |state = |district = Lüchow-Dannenberg |Samtgemeinde = Lüchow (Wendland) |elevation = 24 |area = 64.48 |postal_code = 29485 |area_code = 05883 |licence = DAN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 54 015 |divisions = 12 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Horst Kaufmann |party = CDU }} '''Lemgow''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɛmɡoː}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Lüchow-Dannenberg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fgamp6atky63lt8lpqx4dmi8l8un6eg 0 52382 308301 2026-09-17T04:37:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Lemnitz.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|42|57|N|11|50|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lemnitz in SOK.png |state = |district = Saale-Orla-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Triptis |elevation = 400 |area = 8.03 |postal_code = 07819 |area_code = 036482 |licence = SOK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 75 057 |website = [http://www.triptis.de/ www.triptis.de] |mayor = Martin Lämmer<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Lemnitz''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɛmnɪts}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Saale-Orla-Kreis]], [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]], oo ku taal cidhifka [[Thuringian Forest]]. Magaaladu waa xubin ka tirsan [[Municipal association (Germany)|ururka degmada]] [[Triptis (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)|Triptis]]. ==Dadka caanka ah== *[[Albert Abicht]] (1893–1973) - siyaasi ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4dwlc8j27ydgz7jokp8d87j6lh810hc 0 52383 308302 2026-09-17T04:38:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Lemwerder |image_photo = Kapelle_am_Deich_Lemwerder.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisad ku taal biyo xireenka |image_coa = Wappen Lemwerder.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|10|N|8|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lemwerder in BRA.svg |state = |district = Wesermarsch |elevation = 1 |area = 36.39 |postal_code = 27809 |area_code = 0421 |licence = BRA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 61 006 |divisions = 19 districts |website = [http://www.lemwerder.de/ www.lemwerder.de] |mayor = Christina Winkelmann<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = Ind }} '''Lemwerder''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɛmvɛʁdɐ}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Wesermarsch]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa dhinaca bidix ee wabiga [[Weser]], qiyaastii {{convert|27|km}} bari ka xigta [[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]], iyo {{convert|17|km}} waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta xarunta [[Bremen]]. Laga soo bilaabo Abriil 2021, Lemwerder waxaa maamulaysay Duqa Magaalada Christina Winkelmann.<ref name="mayor" /> Shirkadaha sameeya maraakiibta ee [[Lürssen]] iyo [[Abeking & Rasmussen]] labaduba waxay meelo lagu dhiso maraakiibta ku leeyihiin Lemwerder kuwaas oo ku takhasusay dhismaha [[superyacht]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.superyachts.com/directory-1502/abeking-and-rasmussen.htm |title=Abeking & Rasmussen |website=Superyachts |accessdate=21 August 2018 |archive-date=16 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516220506/https://www.superyachts.com/directory-1502/abeking-and-rasmussen.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.luerssen-defence.com/company/luerssen-shipyards/lemwerder-lurssen-shipyard/ |title=Lemwerder |website=Lürssen |accessdate=21 August 2018 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711134519/https://luerssen-defence.com/company/luerssen-shipyards/lemwerder-lurssen-shipyard/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dadka == * [[Friedrich Lürssen]] (1851–1916), sameeyaha maraakiibta Jarmalka, aasaasaha shirkadda iyo ganacsade * [[Carl Röver]] (1889–1942), sarkaal ka tirsan Xisbiga Naasiyiinta Jarmalka ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{commonscat inline}} {{Authority control}} auvs9gsymg0kxavymd1oa6fj7h5fdvw 0 52384 308303 2026-09-17T04:40:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Lengdorf COA.svg |image_photo = NiedergeislbachKirche Lengdorf-03.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisada St. Stephen ee Niedergeislbach |coordinates = {{coord|48|16|N|12|3|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lengdorf in ED.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Erding |elevation = 473 |area = 33.94 |postal_code = 84435 |area_code = 08083 |licence = ED |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 77 127 |website = [https://www.lengdorf.de/ www.lengdorf.de] |mayor = Michèle Forstmaier<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Lengdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɛŋdɔʁf|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Michael Schoenitzer (MichaelSchoenitzer)-Lengdorf.wav}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Erding (district)|Erding]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qi4b2qvcdp06r5wax8ih2pm4cteoo4u 0 52385 308304 2026-09-17T04:41:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Lengenbostel COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|17|53|N|09|30|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lengenbostel in ROW.svg |state = |district = Rotenburg (Wümme) |Samtgemeinde = Sittensen |elevation = 39 |area = 5.08 |postal_code = 27419 |area_code = 04282 |licence = ROW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 57 034 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.sittensen.de/ www.sittensen.de] |mayor = Hermann Stemmann |party = CDU }} '''Lengenbostel''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Rotenburg (district)|Rotenburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Lengenbostel waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]], oo la aasaasay 1180. Sannadkii 1648 Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], kaas oo markii ugu horreysay ay maamulaysay [[personal union]] oo ay la lahayd Krwnada Iswiidhan - oo ay dhex-dhexaadisay qabsashadii Denmak (1712–1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyay [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] Crown. Sannadkii 1807 [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] ee ku-meel-gaarka ahayd waxay ku dartay Duchy-ga, ka hor intaan [[First French Empire|France]] aysan ku darin 1810. Sannadkii 1813 Duchy-ga waxaa loo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], kaas oo - ka dib markii loo asteeyay [[Kingdom of Hanover]] 1814 - uu ku daray Duchy-ga urur dhab ah [[real union]] oo dhulkii Ducal, oo ay ku jirto Lengenbostel, uu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]] ee cusub, taas oo la aasaasay 1823. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} 1kc2dpjrnqcaovtxqwrnzw4o7xftera 0 52386 308305 2026-09-17T04:43:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Lengfeld |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|31|N|10|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lengfeld in HBN.PNG |state = |district = Hildburghausen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Feldstein |elevation = 365 |area = 6.64 |postal_code = 98660 |area_code = 036873 |licence = HBN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 69 026 |website = [http://www.lengfeld.net/ www.lengfeld.net] |mayor = Ralf Geyer<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Lengfeld''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Hildburghausen (district)|Hildburghausen]], ee [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1lxh0mdxzdqvct5txk9ig185iqfxghi 0 52387 308306 2026-09-17T04:44:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Lentföhrden COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|52|N|9|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lentföhrden in SE.svg |state = |district = Segeberg |Amt = Auenland Südholstein |elevation = 23 |area = 20.07 |postal_code = 24632 |area_code = 04191, 04192 |licence = SE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 054 |website = [http://www.kaltenkirchen-land.de/ www.kaltenkirchen-land.de] |mayor = Kurt Sander |party = CDU }} '''Lentföhrden''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Segeberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lentfohrden}} 45co2770qu2z9k5w89v0sehzr973ofo 0 52388 308307 2026-09-17T04:46:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|06|00|N|11|16|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lenzerwische_in_PR.png |state = |district = Prignitz |Amt = Lenzen-Elbtalaue |elevation = 17 |area = 41.94 |postal_code = 19309 |area_code = 038758 |licence = PR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 70 246 |website = |mayor = Nadine Mewes<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12070000 Landkreis Prignitz Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Lenzerwische''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Prignitz]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]]. == Dadweynaha == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Lenzerwische.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarinta Dadweynaha ilaa 1875 gudaha Xuduudaha Hadda (Sadarka Buluu: Dadweynaha; Sadarka Dhibco Dhibco leh: Isbarbardhigga Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Grey: Waqtiga Xukunka Naasiga; Asalka Cas: Waqtiga Xukunka Shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Lenzerwische: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2013)<ref>Xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 1918 | 1890 | 1859 | 1910 | 1674 | 1925 | 1648 | 1933 | 1446 | 1939 | 1352 | 1946 | 1504 | 1950 | 1576 | 1964 | 988 | 1971 | 948 | 1981 | 684 | 1985 | 663 | 1989 | 641 | 1990 | 630 | 1991 | 603 | 1992 | 600 | 1993 | 593 | 1994 | 585 | 1995 | 570 | 1996 | 570 | 1997 | 545 | 1998 | 547 | 1999 | 555 | 2000 | 564 | 2001 | 553 | 2002 | 534 | 2003 | 525 | 2004 | 534 | 2005 | 536 | 2006 | 534 | 2007 | 523 | 2008 | 514 | 2009 | 516 | 2010 | 510 | 2011 | 484 | 2012 | 483 | 2013 | 473 | 2014 | 473 | 2015 | 466 | 2016 | 449 }} ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0znge5vyro7ldylwrpnr0wa107e05ed 0 52389 308308 2026-09-17T04:47:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|46|N|13|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Leopoldshagen_in_VG.svg |image_photo = Leopoldshagen aus der Luft.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Muuqaalka hawada ee Leopoldshagen |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Am Stettiner Haff |elevation = 6 |area = 19.56 |postal_code = 17375 |area_code = 039774 |licence = VG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 075 |website = [http://www.leopoldshagen.de www.leopoldshagen.de] |mayor = Werner Hackbarth }} '''Leopoldshagen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. ==Juqraafiga== Si toos ah waqooyi-galbeed ee Leopoldshagen waxay ka bilaabataa [[Anklamer Torfmoor]], oo ah dhul qoyan oo la ilaaliyo oo soo ag maraya xeebta galbeed ee [[Stettin Lagoon]] ilaa magaalada [[Anklam]]. ==Taariikhda== Goobta waxaa la aasaasay 1748 [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)|Province of Pomerania]]. Sannadkii 1752 Boqor [[Frederick II of Prussia]] wuxuu u bixiyay tuulada sharaf u ah jeneraalikiisii dhintay [[Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau]] (1700–1751). Laga soo bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952, Leopoldshagen waxay qayb ka ahayd Gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 ee [[Bezirk Neubrandenburg]] ee [[East Germany]] iyo tan iyo 1990 mar labaad ee Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4ms3rq6cgxk0eo9ps9xp2hfy0xopltj 0 52390 308309 2026-09-17T04:49:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Letschin COA.svg |image_photo = Letschin Sietzing church.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisada alwaaxa ah ee Sietzing |coordinates = {{coord|52|37|59|N|14|22|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Letschin in MOL.png |state = |district = Märkisch-Oderland |elevation = 8 |area = 141.28 |postal_code = 15324 |area_code = 033475 |licence = MOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 64 274 |divisions = 10 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.letschin.de/ www.letschin.de] |mayor = Michael Böttcher<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/bm-wahlen/ergebnisse/~12064000 Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters], accessed 1 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Letschin''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Märkisch-Oderland]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]]. Degmadu waxay leedahay toban qaybood oo hoose: {| |- | width="250" valign="top" | * [[Gieshof-Zelliner Loose]] * [[Gross Neuendorf]] * [[Kiehnwerder]] * [[Kienitz]] * Letschin * [[Neubarnim]] | width="250" valign="top" | * [[Ortwig]] * [[Sietzing]] * [[Sophienthal]] * [[Steintoch]] |} == Dadweynaha == <gallery widths="250" heights="200"> File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Letschin.pdf|Horumarinta Dadweynaha ilaa 1875 gudaha Xuduudaha Hadda (Sadarka Buluu: Dadweynaha; Sadarka Dhibco Dhibco leh: Isbarbardhigga Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Grey: Waqtiga Xukunka Naasiga; Asalka Cas: Waqtiga Xukunka Shuuciga) File:Bevölkerungsprognosen Letschin.pdf|Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee Dhawaan iyo Saadaasha (Horumarinta Dadweynaha ka hor Tirakoobka 2011 (sadarka buluugga ah); Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee Dhawaan sida uu qabo [[Census in Germany|Tirakoobka Jarmalka]] ee 2011 (sadarka xuduudda buluuga ah); Saadaasha rasmiga ah ee 2005-2030 (sadarka huruudda ah); ee 2017-2030 (sadarka guduudan); ee 2020-2030 (sadarka cagaaran) </gallery> {{historical populations |align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr |title = Letschin: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2020)<ref>Xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 13357 | 1890 | 11550 | 1910 | 10551 | 1925 | 10413 | 1939 | 9470 | 1950 | 10311 | 1964 | 8299 | 1971 | 7883 | 1981 | 6480 | 1985 | 6275 | 1990 | 6133 | 1995 | 5588 | 2000 | 5332 | 2005 | 4785 | 2010 | 4329 | 2015 | 4035 | 2016 | 4003 | 2017 | 3967 | 2018 | 3987 | 2019 | 3975 | 2020 | 3978 }} == Dadka == * [[Katja Havemann]] (dhalatay 1947), u dhaqdhaqaaqe xuquuqda rayidka iyo qoraa ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} 5gp5g33zhlw0bov0v60aiadcj7n844t 0 52391 308310 2026-09-17T04:50:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Leubsdorf |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = Wappen Leubsdorf.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|32|50|N|7|17|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Leubsdorf in NR.svg |state = |district = Neuwied |Verbandsgemeinde = Linz am Rhein |elevation = 75 |area = 10.22 |postal_code = 53547 |area_code = 02644 |licence = NR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 38 037 |divisions = |website = [https://www.leubsdorf-rhein.de www.leubsdorf-rhein.de] |mayor = Heiko Glätzner<ref>[https://www.rhein-zeitung.de/region/aus-den-lokalredaktionen/kreis-neuwied_artikel,-leubsdorfer-rat-hat-entschieden-heiko-glaetzner-ist-ortsbuergermeister-_arid,2575980.html Leubsdorfer Rat hat entschieden: Heiko Glätzner ist Ortsbürgermeister], Rhein-Zeitung (Newspaper), accessed March 31, 2024 (in German).</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = CDU }} '''Leubsdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɔʏpsdɔʁf}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]], oo ku taal degmada [[Neuwied (district)|Neuwied]]. ==Juqraafiga== Tuulada Leubsdorf waxay ka kooban tahay afar qaybood oo kala ah Leubsdorf, Hesseln, Rothe Kreuz iyo Krumscheid. ==Taariikhda== Dukumentiyadii ugu horreeyay ee la ogyahay ee ku saabsan Leubsdorf waxay dib ugu noqonayaan 1250. Dukumentiyadii hore ee sannadkii 640 ayaa jira iyadoo lagu magacaabo "Lupstorf". Kaniisaddii ugu horreysay ee Leubsdorf waxaa la dhisay qarnigii 13-aad. ==Goobaha Dalxiiska== [[File:Burg Leubsdorf 002.jpg|thumb|left|Qalcadda Leubsdorf]] Marka laga reebo qalcadda cajiibka ah, guryo badan oo alwaax ah iyo iskutallaabyo duug ah ayaa ka sheekeynaya taariikhda. Dhismaha qalcadda waxaa la xusayaa qarnigii 13-aad. Dabaaldegta ugu muhiimsan ee Leubsdorf waa Walpurgis-Kirmes, oo ay soo qabanqaabiso ''Katholischer Junggesellenverein'' (Ururka Dhalinyarada Katooliga). ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.leubsdorf-rhein.de/ Bogga shabakadda ee Ortsgemeinde Leubsdorf] * [http://www.jgv-leubsdorf.de Macluumaadka ku saabsan Kirmes iyo Junggesellenverein Leubsdorf e.V.] {{Authority control}} jnhbi665w7t7el3vfylj8cqd9lrqdmd 0 52392 308311 2026-09-17T04:52:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Leuna.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|19|N|12|01|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Leuna in SK.svg |state = |district = Saalekreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Leuna-Kötzschau |elevation = 99 |area = 87.71 |postal_code = 06237 |area_code = 03461 |licence = SK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 88 205 |divisions = 5 |website = [http://www.leuna-stadt.de/ www.leuna-stadt.de] |mayor = Michael Bedla<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = CDU }} '''Leuna''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɔʏna|-|De-Leuna.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan [[Saxony-Anhalt]], bariga [[Germany]], oo koonfur kaga beegan [[Merseburg]] iyo [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], oo ku taal webiga [[Saale]]. Magaalada waxaa lagu yaqaanaa ''[[Leuna works|Leunawerke]]'', oo baaxaddeedu tahay 13&nbsp;km² waana mid ka mid ah dhismaha warshadaha [[chemical]] ee ugu waaweyn Jarmalka,<ref>[http://www.infraleuna.de/cms_e/index.php?the_area InfraLeuna]</ref> halkaas oo tiro badan oo kiimikooyin iyo balaastiig ah la soo saaro. Sannadkii 1960-kii, dadweynaha Leuna waxay ahaayeen ku dhowaad 10,000, laakiin ka dib [[German reunification|midowgii Jarmalka]] shaqo la'aanta badan iyo xaaladaha nolosha oo liidata, oo ay ku jiraan [[pollution]] ka yimid warshadaha u dhow, ayaa sababay in dad badani guurayaan. Kahor 31 Diseembar 2009 oo ay ku midoobeen toban degmo oo deris la ah,<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-januar-dezmber.html Gebietsänderungen vom 02. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> dadkeedu waxay hoos ugu dhaceen 6,670. ==Juqraafiga== Magaalada Leuna waxay ka kooban tahay Leuna saxda ah iyo 10-ka ''Ortschaften'' ama qaybaha degmada ee soo socda:<ref name=Hauptsatzung>[https://www.leuna.de/de/datei/download/id/47696,1201/hauptsatzung_der_stadt_leuna.pdf Hauptsatzung der Stadt Leuna], July 2020.</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *[[Friedensdorf]] *[[Günthersdorf]] *[[Horburg-Maßlau]] *[[Kötschlitz]] *[[Kötzschau]] *[[Kreypau]] *[[Rodden]] *[[Spergau]] *[[Zöschen]] *[[Zweimen]] {{div col end}} == Dhaqaalaha == {{main article|Leuna works}} [[File:Industrie- und Chemiepark Infraleuna Leuna Total Raffinerie ehem Leunawerke Sachsen-Anhalt Foto 2009 Wolfgang Pehlemann DSCN2964.jpg|thumb|upright 1.4|Xaafadda warshadaha iyo kiimikada ee Leuna (2007)]] Goobta warshadaha ee Leuna waxay fidisaa in ka badan 13 [[square kilometer|km²]], taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah goobaha [[chemical industry]] ee ugu waaweyn Jarmalka marka la eego baaxadda dhulka.<ref>[http://www.infraleuna.de/cms_e/index.php?the_area InfraLeuna Welcome to InfraLeuna]</ref> Bilowgii qarnigii 21-aad, badeecooyin kiimiko ah oo kala duwan iyo balaastiig ayaa halkaas lagu sameeyaa. Warshad tijaabo ah oo lagu soo saaro [[isobutylene]] oo laga soo saaro kaydka dhirta waxaa dhisaya shirkadda [[France|Faransiiska]] ee [[Global Bioenergies]]<ref>{{cite journal|language=fr|url=http://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/global-bioenergies-va-construire-un-pilote-de-bioproduction-d-isobutene-en-allemagne.N220112|website=usinenouvelle.com|title=Global Bioenergies va construire un pilote de bioproduction d'isobutène en Allemagne|author=Thierry Lucas |date=21 November 2013|access-date=15 September 2015}}.</ref> waxaana la filayay inay bilowdo intii lagu guda jiray 2016.<ref>{{cite journal|language=fr|url=http://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/global-bioenergies-et-cristal-union-s-associent-pour-produire-50-000-tonnes-par-an-d-isobutene-biosource.N331220|website=usinenouvelle.com|title=Global Bioenergies et Cristal Union s'associent pour produire 50 000 tonnes par an d'isobutène biosourcé|author=Thierry Lucas|date=22 May 2015|access-date=15 September 2015}}.</ref> [[File:Bad Duerrenberg Saale Leuna.jpg|thumb|left|Aragtida laga soo bilaabo [[Bad Dürrenberg]]]] == Dad caan ah == [[File:Christian August Crusius.jpg|thumb|150px|Christian August Crusius sanadkii 1747]] * [[Christian August Crusius]] (1715–1775), faylasoof iyo theologian evangelical ah * [[Wolfram Adolphi]] (dhalatay 1951), wariye iyo saynis yahan siyaasadeed ==Tixraacyada== {{commons category|Leuna}} {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4yyn6prnpnxmmnma1bjypx40ng8g7wb 0 52393 308312 2026-09-17T04:54:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Leupoldsgrün COA.svg |image_photo = Leupoldsgrün von Westen.JPG |image_caption = Leupoldsgrün oo laga eegay dhinaca galbeed |coordinates = {{coord|50|17|N|11|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Leupoldsgrün in HO.svg |state = |region = Oberfranken |district = Hof |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Schauenstein |elevation = 590-630 |area = 10.26 |postal_code = 95191 |area_code = 09292 |licence = HO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 4 75 145 |divisions = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.leupoldsgruen.de/ www.leupoldsgruen.de] |mayor = Annika Popp<ref name=mayor>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Leupoldsgrün''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Franconia]] sare. Waxaa laga heli karaa degmada [[Hof (district)|Hof]], taas oo qayb ka ah [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. Sannadkii 2014 Annika Popp oo 22 jir ahayd ([[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]) ayaa loo doortay duqa magaalada, sidaasna waxay ku noqotay duqa ugu da'da yar Bavaria.<ref>[http://www.nordbayerischer-kurier.de/nachrichten/politik-macht-einfach-spass_244772 "Politik macht einfach Spaß"] (in German). Nordbayerischer Kurier, 1 April 2014.</ref> Waxaa dib loogu doortay 2020.<ref name=mayor/> ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leupoldsgrun}} tasd0wivszyzoteuthrgslvayqz6d46 0 52394 308313 2026-09-17T04:55:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo = Rathaus Leutenberg.JPG |image_caption = Xarunta magaalada |image_coa = Wappen Leutenberg.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|33|N|11|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Leutenberg in SLF.png |state = |district = Saalfeld-Rudolstadt |elevation = 300 |area = 57.52 |postal_code = 07338 |area_code = 036734 |licence = SLF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 73 106 |divisions = 12 |website = [http://www.leutenberg.de/ www.leutenberg.de] |mayor = Robert Geheeb<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 8 March 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 }} '''Leutenberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɔʏtn̩bɛʁk|-|De-Leutenberg.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Saalfeld-Rudolstadt]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa [[Thuringian Forest]], {{Convert|18|km|abbr=on}} koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Saalfeld]]. ==Taariikhda== Gudaha [[German Empire|Boqortooyada Jarmalka]] (1871–1918), Leutenberg waxay qayb ka ahayd Amiiradda [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ssnhv1no3m7u133htzs0cfi2v5bsp6e 0 52395 308315 2026-09-17T04:57:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Leutersdorf |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|57|20|N|14|39|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Leutersdorf in GR.svg |state = |district = Görlitz |elevation = 392 |area = 17.08 |postal_code = 02794 |area_code = 03586 / 035842 |licence = GR, LÖB, NOL, NY, WSW, ZI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14626280 |divisions = 6 |website = [https://www.leutersdorf.de/ www.leutersdorf.de] |mayor = Bruno Scholze<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Leutersdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɔʏtɐsdɔʁf}}; {{langx|hsb|Lutarjecy}}) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Görlitz (district)|Görlitz]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany]]. == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} r8gzm16wta3tabqtuf8rigq2wvfieoq 0 52396 308316 2026-09-17T04:58:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Leutesdorf |type = |image_photo = Leutesdorf 6.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = DEU Leutersdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|27|05|N|07|23|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Leutesdorf in NR.svg |state = |district = Neuwied |Verbandsgemeinde = Bad Hönningen |elevation = 75 |area = 10.88 |postal_code = 56599 |area_code = 02631 |licence = NR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 38 038 |website = [http://www.leutesdorf-rhein.de/ www.leutesdorf-rhein.de] |mayor = Heinz-Willi Heisterkamp<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1380000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Neuwied], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel= Ortsbürgermeister |party = SPD }} '''Leutesdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɔʏtəsdɔʁf}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Neuwied (district)|Neuwied]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} f5sxls5n8jsgsan8n6u2kusoh2hzf2n 0 52397 308317 2026-09-17T05:00:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Lichtenborn |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Lichtenborn.png |coordinates = {{coord|50.11002|6.29234|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lichtenborn in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Arzfeld |elevation = 548 |area = 11.43 |postal_code = 54619 |area_code = 06554, 06559 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 260 |website = [http://www.lichtenborn.de/ www.lichtenborn.de] |mayor = Alois Leick<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Lichtenborn''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Bitburg-Prüm|degmada Bitburg-Prüm]], oo ku taal [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-14 |title=Lots of information about the municipality Lichtenborn |url=https://allcharts.info/germany/municipality-lichtenborn/ |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=AllCharts.info |language=en}}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 22rd5vl22x9aakk2fmkk0o0idyulg2a 0 52398 308345 2026-09-17T09:03:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = |image_photo = Blick Liebenburg.JPG |image_caption = |image_coa = Wappen Liebenburg.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|01|27|N|10|26|02|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Liebenburg in GS.svg |state = |district = Goslar |elevation = 128 |area = 78.51 |postal_code = 38704 |area_code = 05346 |licence = GS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 1 53 008 |divisions = 10 degmo |website = [http://www.liebenburg.eu/ www.liebenburg.eu] |mayor = Alf Hesse<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Liebenburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈliːbn̩bʊʁk}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Goslar (district)|Goslar]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. == Juqraafiyada == Aagga degmada waxay ku taal waqooyiga buuraleyda [[Harz]], oo ku dhex taal bariga [[Salzgitter Hills]] ee [[Innerste Uplands]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay caasimadda degmada [[Goslar]], qiyaastii {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} dhinaca koonfureed; degmooyinka la deriska ah ee waqooyiga waa [[Salzgitter-Bad]] iyo [[Schladen]] oo ku yaal [[Wolfenbüttel (district)|Degmada Wolfenbüttel]]. === Qaybaha === Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay Liebenburg lafteeda (oo ay ku nool yihiin 2,140 qof<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.liebenburg.eu/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=6&topmenu=2&keepmenu=inactive |title=Population statistics, municipality of Liebenburg - 01.05.2014 |access-date=2014-09-30 |archive-date=2014-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201174945/http://www.liebenburg.eu/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=6&topmenu=2&keepmenu=inactive |url-status=dead }}</ref>) iyo sagaalka tuulo ee soo socda, kuwaas oo la midowsaday 1 Luulyo 1972 iyada oo tirada dadka ay ahayd sida soo socota 30 Juun 2018:<ref>{{cite web |title=Einwohner der Gemeinden und Ortsteile |url=https://www.landkreis-goslar.de/media/custom/94_5249_1.PDF?1547800424 |website=Landkreis - Goslar |access-date=2019-04-11 |archive-date=2020-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801033121/https://www.landkreis-goslar.de/media/custom/94_5249_1.PDF?1547800424 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Dörnten (1,189 degganayaal) oo wata Kunigunde * Groß Döhren (872) * Heißum (301) * Klein Döhren (420) * Klein Mahner (333) * Neuenkirchen (206) * Ostharingen (246) * Othfresen (1,902) oo wata Heimerode iyo Posthof * Upen (317) == Taariikhda == [[File:Schloss liebenburg.JPG|thumb|left|Kaniisadda Qasriga Liebenburg]] Qodista qadiimiga ah ee [[gallery grave]] waxay muujineysaa dejinta aagga dhammaadkii [[Neolithic]]. Hantidii hore ee [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxon]] sanadkii 1235 waxay ka tirsaneyd dhulkii [[Bishopric of Hildesheim|Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim]] ee la dhisay. Laga soo bilaabo 1292 ilaa 1302, Amiir-mitid [[Siegfried II of Querfurt]] wuxuu dhisay qasriga [[spur castle]] ee ''Levenborch'' ee ku yaal [[Salzgitter Hills]], oo u dhow halka dhulkiisa episcopalka uu xuduud la lahaa [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1366 waxaa u gacan geliyay beddelkiisa muwaadiniinta [[Braunschweig]], taas oo muhiim u ahayd sugidda waddada ganacsiga ee Magaalada Imika ee Goslar. Qasriga waxaa qabsaday duke dagaalyahanka ah [[Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry V of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]] ka dib [[Hildesheim Diocesan Feud]] 1523 waxaana ku meel gaar ah oo deegaan qarsoodi ah u ahaa gacaliyadiisa [[Eva von Trott]]. Dukaanka Katooliga ah ayaa isna u waayay [[Schmalkaldic League]] oo Protestant ah, oo ciidamadoodu ay ku ololeeyeen dhulka Brunswick laga soo bilaabo 1542 ilaa guuldarradiisii ugu dambeysay ee [[Battle of Mühlberg]] ee 1547. Intii lagu guda jiray [[Thirty Years' War]], xooggan waxaa u isticmaalay xarun ahaan [[Holy Roman Emperor|Imperial]] Generalissimo [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]] 1625, waxaa qabsaday ciidamada [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] 1633, waxaana dib u qabsaday [[Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire)|Ciidanka Imika]] 1641. Heshiiskii nabadda ee 1643 ee lala galay dukyada Braunschweig, qasriga si xun u burburay ayaa lagu celiyay Hildesheim, halka shaqaalaha maalinta iyo farsamoyaqaannada ay ku dhex noolaayeen derbiyadeeda. Amiir-mitidyooyinka Hildesheim waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dejinta qoysaska [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]. Qasrigii laftiisa waxaa qayb ahaan dib loo dhisay qaab [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] ah iyadoo la amray amiir-mitidkii [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]] [[Clemens August of Bavaria|Clemens August]] ilaa shaqadii dhismaha laga tagay dillaaca [[Seven Years' War]] 1756. Ka dib markii bishopric-ka la [[German mediatization|secularised]] 1802, Liebenburg wuxuu ku dhacay [[Kingdom of Hanover]] 1814. === Tirakoobka dadka === [[File:Population Statistics Liebenburg.svg|thumb|left|Tirakoobka dadka]] {| | {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka !! Degganayaasha |- | 1821 || style="text-align:right;" | 4464 |- | 1848 || style="text-align:right;" | 5710 |- | 1871 || style="text-align:right;" | 5737 |- | 1885 || style="text-align:right;" | 5727 |- | 1905 || style="text-align:right;" | 6535 |- | 1925 || style="text-align:right;" | 6375 |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka !! Degganayaasha |- | 1933 || style="text-align:right;" | 6167 |- | 1939 || style="text-align:right;" | 8206 |- | 1946 || style="text-align:right;" | 13.208 |- | 1950 || style="text-align:right;" | 13.700 |- | 1956 || style="text-align:right;" | 12.279 |- | 1961 || style="text-align:right;" | 11.687 |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka !! Degganayaasha |- | 1968 || style="text-align:right;" | 11.143 |- | 1970 || style="text-align:right;" | 10.982 |- | 1975 || style="text-align:right;" | 10.405 |- | 1980 || style="text-align:right;" | 9851 |- | 1985 || style="text-align:right;" | 9502 |- | 1990 || style="text-align:right;" | 9655 |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka !! Degganayaasha |- | 1995 || style="text-align:right;" | 9803 |- | 2000 || style="text-align:right;" | 9693 |- | 2005 || style="text-align:right;" | 9431 |- | 2010 || style="text-align:right;" | 8777 |- | 2011 || style="text-align:right;" | 8620 |} |} <small>(laga bilaabo 1968 lambarrada dadka laga bilaabo 31 Diseembar)<ref>{{cite web|title=Bevölkerungsfortschreibung|url=https://www1.nls.niedersachsen.de/statistik/|author=Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Statistik |language=German}}</ref></small> == Siyaasadda == [[File:Gemeindeverwaltung liebenburg.JPG|thumb|Xarunta magaalada]] Kuraasta golaha degmada (''Gemeinderat'') laga bilaabo doorashadii deegaanka ee 2011: * [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]: 11 kursi * [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]: 8 * [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Greens]]: 1 * [[DIE LINKE|Die Linke]]: 1 * [[Free Voters]]: 1 Doorashadii Sebtembar 2016: * SPD: 10 kursi * CDU: 7 kursi * AfD: 2 kursi * Alliance 90/The Greens: 1 kursi * FDP: 1 kursi *The LEFT: 1 kursi == Duqa magaalada == *Laga soo bilaabo Oktoobar 2013: Alf Hesse (SPD) *1996-2013: Hubert Spaniol (SPD) == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons|:Category:Liebenburg, Germany|Liebenburg}} {{Authority control}} 38s0t90sb7xpk7tmyykcz53k98m5y9q 0 52399 308346 2026-09-17T09:05:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = Wappen Lieberose.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|58|59|N|14|18|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lieberose in LDS.png |state = |district = Dahme-Spreewald |Amt = Lieberose/Oberspreewald |elevation = 50 |area = 72.51 |postal_code = 15868 |area_code = 033671 |licence = LDS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 61 308 |divisions = 5 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.amt-lieberose-oberspreewald.de/ www.amt-lieberose-oberspreewald.de] |mayor = Kerstin Michelchen<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12061000 Landkreis Dahme-Spreewald Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 27 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Lieberose''' ([[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]: ''Luboraz'') waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Dahme-Spreewald]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa 25&nbsp;km waqooyi kaga beegan [[Cottbus]]. [[File:Lieberose aus der Vogelperspektive.jpg|thumb|Lieberose, Aragtida hawada]] [[File:Stadtkirche in Lieberose.jpg|thumb|Lieberose, Kaniisad]] [[File:Lieberose-Sammlung Duncker (5365598).jpg|thumb|Qasriga Lieberose, ilaa 1861/62, Daabacaaddii [[Alexander Duncker]]]] [[File:Lieberose Schloss.jpg|thumb|left|Qasriga Lieberose]] [[File:Lieberose Rathaus.jpg|thumb|left|Xarunta magaalada]] ==Taariikhda== Laga soo bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1947, Lieberose waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg]]. Intii lagu guda jiray [[World War II]], [[Lieberose forced labor camp]], oo ahayd xero hoos timaada [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp]] ayaa ku tiilay halkaan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishgen.org/ForgottenCamps/General/ListeEng.html|title=The List of the Camps|accessdate=2016-09-16|website=jewishgen.org}}</ref> (Xerada hoose, KL Lieberose, waxay ahayd xero shaqaale oo loogu talagalay barta taageerada ee SS- Division "Kurmark".{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} SS- Division "[[Kurmark]]" oo ku taal Lieberose iyo aagga ku xeeran.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} Dhamaadkii dagaalka ku dhowaa, maxaabiistii Yuhuudda ahayd waxaa loo diray [[death march]] oo ku wajahnayd Sachsenhausen.<ref>{{cite book|isbn=9780415281454|title=The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust|first=Martin|last=Gilbert|page=212|date=2002|publisher=Routledge}}</ref> Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib xeradu waxay ahayd xero xabsi oo loogu talagalay adeegga qarsoodiga ah ee Soofiyeedka (NKGB).{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Lieberose waxaa lagu daray Gobolka [[Brandenburg]] laga bilaabo 1947 ilaa 1952 iyo [[Bezirk Frankfurt]] ee [[East Germany]] laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990. Laga soo bilaabo 1990, Lieberose waxay dib ugu noqotay qayb ka mid ah Brandenburg. ==Tirakoobka dadka== [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Lieberose.pdf|thumb|200px|left|Horumarinta dadweynaha ilaa 1875 xuduudaha hadda jira (Xariqda buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Xariqda dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarka dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka cawliga ah: Waqtigii Xukunka Naasiyada; Asalka gaduudan: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr |title = Lieberose: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>xuduudaha hadda jira gudahooda (2017)<ref>Ilaha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 2919 | 1890 | 2712 | 1910 | 2576 | 1925 | 2415 | 1933 | 2411 | 1939 | 2261 | 1946 | 3330 | 1950 | 3244 | 1964 | 2495 | 1971 | 2396 | 1981 | 2068 | 1985 | 2017 | 1989 | 2006 | 1990 | 1970 | 1991 | 1939 | 1992 | 1892 | 1993 | 1880 | 1994 | 1864 | 1995 | 1832 | 1996 | 1823 | 1997 | 1796 | 1998 | 1809 | 1999 | 1793 | 2000 | 1770 | 2001 | 1707 | 2002 | 1664 | 2003 | 1651 | 2004 | 1611 | 2005 | 1613 | 2006 | 1573 | 2007 | 1534 | 2008 | 1514 | 2009 | 1503 | 2010 | 1485 | 2011 | 1472 | 2012 | 1417 | 2013 | 1416 | 2014 | 1391 | 2015 | 1379 | 2016 | 1360 | 2017 | 1379 }} == Dadka ka soo jeeda Lieberose == * [[Dietrich von der Schulenburg]] (1849-1911), siyaasiga Jarmalka ah iyo xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka Prussia ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Lieberose forced labor camp]] *[[Lieberose Photovoltaic Park]] ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category-inline|Lieberose}} {{Authority control}} rccncwk5edmpo92f56oyt1qfit7fcbo 0 52400 308347 2026-09-17T09:06:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Village in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany}} {{Infobox German place |image_coa = kein |type = Ortsteil |Municipality = Dummerstorf |coordinates = {{coord|54|1|N|12|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lieblingshof_in_DBR.png |plantext = Location of Lieblingshof within the former district of Bad Doberan |state = |district = Rostock |elevation = 40 |area = 17.71 |population = 709 |Stand = 2006-12-31 |postal_code = 18196 |area_code = 038204, 038209 |licence = DBR |website = }} '''Lieblingshof''' waa tuulo iyo degmo hore oo ka tirsan [[Rostock (district)|degmada Rostock]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. Laga soo bilaabo 7 Juun 2009, waxay qayb ka tahay degmada [[Dummerstorf]]. Kahor intaas, waxay ku dhex jirtay [[Warnow-Ost|Warnow-Ost Amt]]. ==Tixraac== {{authority control}} 6leq04mcolut773dw2vyset0mba15h6 0 52401 308348 2026-09-17T09:07:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|20|0|N|13|9|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Liebschützberg in TDO.png |state = |district = Nordsachsen |elevation = 140 |area = 68.42 |postal_code = 04758 |area_code = 03435 |licence = TDO, DZ, EB, OZ, TG, TO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14730170 |divisions = 17 |website = [http://www.liebschuetzberg.de/ www.liebschuetzberg.de] |mayor = Sebastian Sommer<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-wahlergebnisse-2022.php Wahlergebnisse 2022], [[Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen]]. Retrieved 6 July 2023.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party =[[Independent politician|Banaanbaxsan]] }} '''Liebschützberg''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Nordsachsen]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Illaa 1991 dhulka Liebschützberg iyo 1,600 deganayaashiisa waxay qayb ka ahaayeen magaalada [[Borna, Leipzig|Borna]]. Intii lagu guda jiray dib-u-habeyntii maamulka ee Saxony ee ka dambeysay [[reunification of Germany|midowgii Jarmalka]] Liebschützberg waxay noqotay bulsho madaxbannaan oo is-maamusha ([[gemeinde (Germany)|gemeinde]]), taas oo dhaqangashay Disembar 31, 1990.<ref name=K244>Kretschmar, Andreas (2006). ''Die Gemeinde Liebschutzberg - ein Kind der Gemeindegebietsreform'', in: Koch, Renate; Wagner, Herbert; Brahmig, Horst-Dieter (2006) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=dNwhKrHYGlwC Die Geschichte der Kommunalpolitik in Sachsen: von der friedlichen Revolution bis zur Gegenwart]''. [[Kohlhammer Verlag]]. {{ISBN|3-555-54038-6}}. p. 244.</ref> ==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah== Liebschützberg waa [[town twinning|mataano]] la leh: * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Gailingen]], Jarmalka == Xusuusin == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Liebschutzberg}} 0vjlv0fprd3uf5t80qaq96q51ntqb09 0 52402 308349 2026-09-17T09:09:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = Liebstadt Kirche (3) 2006-07-24.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Lutheran-ka |image_coa = Wappen Liebstadt.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|51|53|N|13|51|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Liebstadt in PIR.svg |state = |district = Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel |elevation = 220-595 |area = 37.36 |postal_code = 01825 |area_code = 035025 |licence = PIR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14628230 |divisions = 8 |website = {{url|https://www.stadt-liebstadt.de/}} |mayor = Kristin Grahl<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-wahlergebnisse-2023.php Wahlergebnisse 2023], [[Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen]]. Retrieved 6 July 2023.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;30 |party = }} '''Liebstadt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈliːpˌʃtat|-|De-Liebstadt.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge]], ee [[Free State of Saxony]], Jarmalka. Waxay ku taallaa {{Convert|12|km|abbr=on}} koonfur-galbeed kaga beegan [[Pirna]], iyo {{Convert|23|km|abbr=on}} koonfur-bari kaga beegan [[Dresden]] (bartamaha). == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} qej79nompzrizq8q7m56qgsruo9x3pd 0 52403 308350 2026-09-17T09:11:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = DEU Lierschied COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|10|17|N|7|44|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lierschied in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Loreley |elevation = 250 |area = 5.95 |postal_code = 56357 |area_code = 06771 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 079 |website = [http://www.lierschied.de/ www.lierschied.de] |mayor = Manfred Baumert<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Lierschied''' ({{IPA|de|ˈliːɐ̯ʃiːt}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rhein-Lahn|degmada Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany]]. Cidhirka degmada waxaa ku yaal il biyood la yiraahdo ''Die Wäsch''. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9h1mxbn68701f8yx44xw2710sqmjuoo 0 52404 308351 2026-09-17T09:12:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = Wappen Liesenich.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|5|6|N|7|16|3|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Liesenich in COC.svg |state = |district = Cochem-Zell |Verbandsgemeinde = Zell (Mosel) |elevation = 380 |area = 8.76 |postal_code = 56858 |area_code = 06545 |licence = COC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 35 054 |divisions = |website = [http://www.liesenich.de/ www.liesenich.de] |mayor = Christian Fischer<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Cochem-Zell], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Liesenich''' waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taalla [[Cochem-Zell]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. Waxay tirsan tahay [[Zell (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Zell]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay degmada [[Zell (Mosel)|Zell an der Mosel]]. Liesenich waa goob caafimaad iyo nasasho oo ay dawladdu aqoonsanaato (''Erholungsort''). ==Juqraafiyada== Degmadu waxay ku taallaa [[Hunsrück]], waxaana ay la socotaa [[Altstrimmig]], [[Forst (Hunsrück)|Forst]] iyo [[Mittelstrimmig]] mid ka mid ah tuulooyinka ka kooban ''Strimmiger Berg''. Iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii 350 qof, Liesenich waxaa loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah meelaha “in yar ka yar” ee ku yaal ''Strimmiger Berg''. ==Taariikhda== Helitaano kala duwan oo ka yimid xarumaha [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] ayaa marti u ah deegaan hore oo ka jiray aagga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.liesenich.de/index22.html |title=Prehistoric finds in Liesenich |access-date=2010-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719054945/http://www.liesenich.de/index22.html |archive-date=2011-07-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Strimmiger Berg'' wuxuu ka mid ahaa ilaa 1781 “dhulkii saddexda qof ee madaxda ah”. Sida ka jirta [[Beltheim|maxkamadda Beltheim]], maamul-goboleedka waxaa lala wadaagay [[Electorate of Trier]], [[County of Sponheim]] iyo Qoyska Braunshorn (oo markii dambe ahaa Winneburg iyo Metternich). Laga soo bilaabo 1794, Liesenich wuxuu hoos tagay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sannadkii 1814 waxaa loo dhiibay Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1946, waxay qayb ka noqotay gobolka markaas la aas-aasay ee [[States of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha degmada=== Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanshaha]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://www.wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1350505400.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> ===Duqa magaalada=== Duqa Liesenich waa Christian Fischer.<ref name=mayor/> ===Calanka iyo astaanta=== Akhriska Jarmalka ee astaanta waa: ''Schild von Rot und Gold schräggeteilt und quergebrochen. Oben ein grüner Pflug, unten in Rot ein siebenspeichiges, silbernes Richtrad.'' Astaanta degmada ee luqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriiska waxaa loo qori karaa sida soo socota: Per bend fracted per fess in the middle, Or a plough vert and gules a [[breaking wheel]] spoked of seven argent. Magaca meesha ee [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] Liesenich wuxuu ka yimid foomkii asalka ahaa ''strymu'', eray macnihiisu yahay “laalaada” ama “jeexjeexan”, sidaas darteed [[Division of the field|qeybinta]] aan caadiga ahayn ee astaantan. [[charge (heraldry)|Astaanta]] ku taal dusha sare, oo ah [[Agriculture|suugo]], waxay tilmaamaysaa sida tuulada ay ku timid, yacni xarun beeraha ah. Taayirrada toddobada ah, “taayirka burburinta” (oo lagu magacaabo ''Richtrad'' ee calanka Jarmalka – taayirka fulinta) waa astaanta [[Catherine of Alexandria|Saint Catherine]], sidaas awgeed waxay mataleysaa degmada iyo quduuska ah kaniisadda. Astaanta waxaa naqshadeeyay A. Friderichs oo ka tirsan [[Zell (Mosel)|Zell]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.liesenich.de/liesenich212.html |title=Description and explanation of Liesenich’s arms |access-date=2010-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719055033/http://www.liesenich.de/liesenich212.html |archive-date=2011-07-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta== ===Dhismaha=== Kuwa soo socda waa dhismayaal ama goobo liis ku jira ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] Liiska Taariikhda Dhaqanka: * [[Catherine of Alexandria|Saint Catherine’s]] [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Chapel]] (''Kapelle St. Katharina'') – [[aisleless church]], ku wajahan 1500, oo calaamadeysan 1731 (dayactir), munaaradda galbeedka waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]], [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] cupola, oo calaamadeysan 1731; iskutallaabta qabriga, 1811; dhismaha oo dhan oo wata xabaalo * Hauptstraße 12 – ''Quereinhaus'' (guri degganaansho iyo ganacsi oo isku dar ah oo loo qaybiyay labadaas ujeeddo badhtamaha, oo u jeeda waddada); [[Timber framing|dhismo alwaax ah]], qayb ahaan adag, qarnigii 19aad ee dambe; dhismaha oo dhan oo wata bakhaar * Hauptstraße 18 – dugsigii hore; dhismo alwaax ah, qarnigii 19aad ee dambe (oo calaamadeysan 1838), ballaarinta 1920-meeyadii * Hauptstraße 51 – guri alwaax ah, qayb ahaan adag ama slate ah, saqaf kala bar ah, qarnigii 17aad * Hauptstraße 58 – ''Quereinhaus''; dhismo alwaax ah, qayb ahaan adag ama slate ah, ilaa 1900 <ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Cochem-Zell.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Cochem-Zell district]</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.liesenich.de/ Bogga rasmi ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} rr4bqyqo5m33df0frxwouptblw326fj 0 52405 308352 2026-09-17T09:14:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Lieth.png |image_coa = DEU Lieth COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|8|N|9|3|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lieth in HEI.PNG |state = |district = Dithmarschen |Amt = KLG Heider Umland |elevation = 3 |area = 4.66 |postal_code = 25770 |area_code = 0481 |licence = HEI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 51 067 |website = [http://www.amt-heide-land.de/ www.amt-heide-<br />land.de] |mayor = Reimer Witt |party = CDU }} '''Lieth''' ({{IPA|de|liːt}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Dithmarschen]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} lxzbzqxx2g2xu9ryamgwj9t5xvjqvzw 0 52406 308353 2026-09-17T09:15:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|28|15|N|14|20|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lietzen in MOL.png |state = |district = Märkisch-Oderland |Amt = Seelow-Land |elevation = 48 |area = 29.17 |postal_code = 15306 |area_code = 033470 |licence = MOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 64 288 |website = [http://www.amt-seelow-land.de www.amt-seelow-land.de] |mayor = Frank Kasper<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12064000 Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Lietzen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Märkisch-Oderland]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]]. ==Tirakoobka dadka== [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Lietzen.pdf|thumb|200px|left|Horumarinta dadweynaha ilaa 1875 xuduudaha hadda jira (Xariqda buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Xariqda dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarka dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka cawliga ah: Waqtigii Xukunka Naasiyada; Asalka gaduudan: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Lietzen: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>xuduudaha hadda jira gudahooda (2013)<ref>Ilaha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 800 | 1890 | 754 | 1910 | 706 | 1925 | 903 | 1933 | 822 | 1939 | 769 | 1946 | 1042 | 1950 | 1100 | 1964 | 825 | 1971 | 764 | 1981 | 698 | 1985 | 711 | 1989 | 733 | 1990 | 717 | 1991 | 793 | 1992 | 778 | 1993 | 780 | 1994 | 757 | 1995 | 699 | 1996 | 771 | 1997 | 861 | 1998 | 878 | 1999 | 906 | 2000 | 864 | 2001 | 856 | 2002 | 840 | 2003 | 808 | 2004 | 805 | 2005 | 812 | 2006 | 733 | 2007 | 725 | 2008 | 704 | 2009 | 703 | 2010 | 698 | 2011 | 682 | 2012 | 666 | 2013 | 676 | 2014 | 665 | 2015 | 736 | 2016 | 770 }} ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} samyr2by3wltgre9qx2gwlrxuqprr0q 0 52407 308354 2026-09-17T09:17:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Limeshain |image_coa = Wappen Limeshain.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|15|38|N|8|59|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Limeshain in FB.svg |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = Wetteraukreis |elevation = 127 |area = 12.5 |postal_code = 63694 |area_code = 06047, 06048 |licence = FB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 40 014 |divisions = 3 districts |website = [http://www.limeshain.de/ www.limeshain.de] |mayor = Adolf Ludwig<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Limeshain''' ({{IPA|de|ˈliːməshaɪn}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Wetteraukreis]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 28 kiiloomitir waqooyi-bari kaga beegan [[Frankfurt am Main]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0f6jcaflhvka2pfs5ifzg6swjr56gb6 0 52408 308355 2026-09-17T09:19:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|29|N|14|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lindendorf in MOL.png |state = |district = Märkisch-Oderland |Amt = Seelow-Land |elevation = 44 |area = 40.13 |postal_code = 15306 |area_code = 033601 |licence = MOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 64 290 |divisions = 4 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Helmut Franz<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12064000 Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Lindendorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Märkisch-Oderland]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]]. ==Tirakoobka dadka== [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Lindendorf.pdf|thumb|200px|left|Horumarinta dadweynaha ilaa 1875 xuduudaha hadda jira (Xariqda buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Xariqda dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarka dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka cawliga ah: Waqtigii Xukunka Naasiyada; Asalka gaduudan: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Lindendorf: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>xuduudaha hadda jira gudahooda (2013)<ref>Ilaha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 3061 | 1890 | 2647 | 1910 | 2256 | 1925 | 2452 | 1933 | 2210 | 1939 | 2020 | 1946 | 2165 | 1950 | 2797 | 1964 | 2211 | 1971 | 2059 | 1981 | 1691 | 1985 | 1607 | 1989 | 1492 | 1990 | 1462 | 1991 | 1434 | 1992 | 1445 | 1993 | 1430 | 1994 | 1438 | 1995 | 1458 | 1996 | 1485 | 1997 | 1504 | 1998 | 1539 | 1999 | 1622 | 2000 | 1647 | 2001 | 1610 | 2002 | 1616 | 2003 | 1603 | 2004 | 1577 | 2005 | 1560 | 2006 | 1539 | 2007 | 1517 | 2008 | 1505 | 2009 | 1483 | 2010 | 1459 | 2011 | 1418 | 2012 | 1408 | 2013 | 1406 | 2014 | 1368 | 2015 | 1354 | 2016 | 1347 }} ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} dvoyxwsh1jsfg1afp0ulm0za9vi2xzp 0 52409 308356 2026-09-17T09:21:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|51|N|11|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lindenkreuz in GRZ.png |state = |district = Greiz |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Münchenbernsdorf |elevation = 300 |area = 8.97 |postal_code = 07589 |area_code = 036604 |licence = GRZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 76 044 |mayor = Dirk Eigler<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Lindenkreuz''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Greiz (district)|degmada Greiz, Thuringia]], Jarmalka. Magaaladu waxay leedahay [[Municipal association (Germany)|urur degmo]] oo ay la leedahay [[Münchenbernsdorf]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rh0dzmpqqh8vx0zbpno6xlii1mcx3ak 0 52410 308357 2026-09-17T09:22:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Lindern |image_flag = Flagge Lindern (Oldb).svg |image_coa = Wappen Lindern (Oldenburg).png |coordinates = {{coord|52|50|42|N|7|46|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lindern (Oldenburg) in CLP.svg |state = |district = Cloppenburg |elevation = 37 |area = 65.8 |postal_code = 49699 |area_code = 05957 |licence = CLP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 53 010 |website = [http://www.lindern.de/ www.lindern.de] |mayor = Karsten Hage<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;26 |party = CDU }} '''Lindern''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɪndɐn|-|De-lindern.ogg}}; {{langx|nds|Linnern}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Cloppenburg (district)|degmada Cloppenburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 20&nbsp;km galbeed kaga beegan [[Cloppenburg]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} l40t63svwqav704htj3382y4bj3jc8j 0 52411 308359 2026-09-17T09:24:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|28|43|N|13|25|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lindetal in MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Stargarder Land |elevation = 100 |area = 56.33 |postal_code = 17349 |area_code = 03964, 03966 |licence = MST |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 090 |divisions = 7 |website = [https://www.burg-stargard.de/das-stargarder-land/lindetal/ www.burg-stargard.de] |mayor = Michael Scheidt }} '''Lindetal''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 660cgxksgorb1nswer1j0dlduspyirj 0 52412 308360 2026-09-17T09:25:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Lindewitt<br><small>Lindved</small> |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Lindewitt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|41|50|N|9|11|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lindewitt in SL.PNG |state = |district = Schleswig-Flensburg |Amt = Schafflund |elevation = 12 |area = 53.27 |postal_code = 24969 |area_code = 04604 u. 04673 |licence = SL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 179 |website = [http://www.amt-schafflund.de/ www.amt-<br />schafflund.de] |mayor = Reinhard Friedrichsen |party = }} '''Lindewitt''' ({{langx|da|Lindved}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schleswig-Flensburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. == Juqraafiyada == Lindewitt waxay ku taallaa dhul badeed u dhexeeya [[North Sea]] iyo [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]] qaybta waqooyi ee gobolka Jarmalka ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. Magaalada ugu dhow ee weyn waa [[Flensburg]]. Degmadu waxaa ku jira tuulooyinka Kleinwiehe (''Lille Vi''), Linnau (''Lindaa''), [[Lüngerau]] (''Lyngvrå''), Riesbriek (''Risbrig''), iyo Sillerup. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} adyt825mehmkb0412dl9x77tmtbgs90 0 52413 308362 2026-09-17T09:27:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|54|03|N|12|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Lindholz_in_VR.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = Recknitz-Trebeltal |elevation = 14 |area = 39.91 |postal_code = 18334 |area_code = 038320, 038329 |licence = NVP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 050 |website = [http://www.recknitz-trebeltal.de/ www.recknitz-trebeltal.de] |mayor = Hartmut Kolschewski |party = }} '''Lindholz''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} g3hcep2topfq2bbfa219hfxa1pqd0qw 0 52414 308363 2026-09-17T09:28:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|21|31.8|N|9|17|00.2|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lindhorst in SHG.svg |state = |district = Schaumburg |Samtgemeinde = Lindhorst |elevation = 61 |area = 7.88 |postal_code = 31698 |area_code = 05725 |licence = SHG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 57 020 |mayor = Hans-Otto Blume |party = SPD }} '''Lindhorst''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schaumburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 8&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari kaga beegan [[Stadthagen]], iyo 35&nbsp;km bariga kaga beegan [[Minden]]. Lindhorst sidoo kale waa xarunta ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ("degmada wadajirka ah") [[Lindhorst (Samtgemeinde)|Lindhorst]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rwd580f8qlpykxivspje74sf4z7a68q 0 52415 308364 2026-09-17T09:30:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Lindig.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|47|N|11|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lindig in SHK.svg |state = |district = Saale-Holzland-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Südliches Saaletal |elevation = 260 |area = 4.56 |postal_code = 07768 |area_code = 036424 |licence = SHK, EIS, SRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 74 052 |website = [https://www.vg-suedliches-saaletal.de www.vg-suedliches-saaletal.de] |mayor = Jördis Müller<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 }} '''Lindig''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Saale-Holzland]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0nv9zhw0l80wsegjfz23mu4cwn8h4ym 0 52416 308365 2026-09-17T09:31:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Lindwedel COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|37|N|9|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lindwedel_in_HK.svg |state = |district = Heidekreis |Samtgemeinde = Schwarmstedt |elevation = 34 |area = 16.56 |postal_code = 29690 |area_code = 05073 u. 05130 |licence = HK, FAL, SFA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 58 015 |divisions = 2 Ortschaften |website = {{url|http://www.lindwedel.org/}} |mayor = Arthur Minke |party = CDU }} '''Lindwedel''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[administrative division|qaybta maamul]] ee [[Scharmstedt|Schwarmstedt]], ee gobolka [[Heidekreis]] ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Waxaa jira caddayn muujinaysa deegaan ka jiray aaggan kun sene oo badan. Xuska ugu horreeya ee Lindwedel waa sannadkii 1304. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka Lindwedel iyo Hope. Degmooyinka dariska la ah waa Vesbeck, Oegenbostel, Plumhof, Berkhof, Sprockhof, Buchholz (Aller), Grindau iyo Esperke. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} mkzma8l7a06gg4k987q53lkdedncs5p 0 52417 308366 2026-09-17T09:33:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Linkenbach |type = |image_photo = Linkenbach2.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = DEU Linkenbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|34|19|N|07|33|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Linkenbach in NR.svg |state = |district = Neuwied |Verbandsgemeinde = Puderbach |elevation = 340 |area = 5.43 |postal_code = 56317 |area_code = 02684 |licence = NR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 38 040 |website = [http://www.linkenbach.net/ www.linkenbach.net] |mayor = Achim Hoffmann<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1380000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Neuwied], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel= Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Linkenbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɪŋkn̩bax}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Neuwied (district)|degmada Neuwied]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{commonscat}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6o88yx7gue27416mx2holbmwzonl0d1 0 52418 308367 2026-09-17T09:34:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Linsburg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|35|35|N|09|18|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Linsburg in NI.svg |state = |district = Nienburg/Weser |Samtgemeinde = Steimbke |elevation = 47 |area = 23.5 |postal_code = 31636 |area_code = 05027 |licence = NI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 56 020 |mayor = Jürgen Leseberg |party = }} '''Linsburg''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Nienburg (district)|degmada Nienburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]. == Juqraafiyada == Degmada Linsburg waxay ku taallaa cidhifka waqooyi ee kaynta gobolka ee [[Grinderwald]], oo u jirta qiyaastii 10 daqiiqo oo baabuur ah koonfurta magaalada degmada [[Nienburg/Weser]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qskyeq38z3qb67v7tjigbfmm4tnjw0e 0 52419 308368 2026-09-17T09:36:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = DEU Lipporn COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|8|28|N|7|51|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lipporn in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Nastätten |elevation = 415 |area = 4.8 |postal_code = 56357 |area_code = 06775 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 080 |website = |mayor = Nina Berghäuser<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Lipporn''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɪpɔʁn}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rhein-Lahn|degmada Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka Jarmalka. Waxay caan ku tahay [[Dudo of Laurenburg]], oo ahaa qarnigii 12-aad Sayidkii Lipporn, kaas oo ahaa aasaasaha [[House of Nassau]], oo ah qoys boqortooyo oo Yurub ah oo ay ku jiraan [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands|boqorada Nederland]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} qgqu67ofeaxq523mxuuzv2qgj2u2hdm 0 52420 308369 2026-09-17T09:37:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Lipprechterode.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|27|N|10|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lipprechterode in NDH.png |state = |district = Nordhausen |elevation = 235 |area = 9.73 |postal_code = 99752 |area_code = 036338 |licence = NDH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 62 033 |mayor = Jörg Kirchner<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Lipprechterode''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Nordhausen (district)|degmada Nordhausen]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5r3vb09gu8w19hs0wvlron0kbysvjwr 0 52421 308370 2026-09-17T09:39:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|57|55|N|11|42|1|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Löberschütz in SHK.svg |state = |district = Saale-Holzland-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Dornburg-Camburg |elevation = 165 |area = 3.07 |postal_code = 07751 |area_code = 036427 |licence = SHK, EIS, SRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 74 054 |website = [http://www.dornburg-saale.de www.dornburg-saale.de] |mayor = Andre Matz<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 }} '''Löberschütz''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Saale-Holzland]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Loberschutz}} 6o387lfq57oilizoq8hb1v0peduhn4d 0 52422 308371 2026-09-17T09:40:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Löbichau COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|53|36|N|12|16|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Löbichau in ABG.png |state = |district = Altenburger Land |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Oberes Sprottental |elevation = 240 |area = 16.73 |postal_code = 04626 |area_code = 034491 |licence = ABG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 77 026 |divisions = 8 |website = [http://www.gemeinde-loebichau.de/ www.gemeinde-loebichau.de] |mayor = Rolf Hermann<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Löbichau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈløːbɪçaʊ}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenburger Land]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. Wargeyska ''[[Ostthüringer Zeitung]]'' (OTZ) wuxuu xaruntiisa dhexe ku leeyahay degmada.<ref>"[http://www.otz.de/kontakt Kontakt]." ''[[Ostthüringer Zeitung]]''. Retrieved on 13 January 2014. "Zentralredaktion Ostthüringer Zeitung Alte Straße 3 04626 Löbichau"</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.gemeinde-loebichau.de/ Official website] {{in lang|de}} * ''[http://www.otz.de Ostthüringer Zeitung]'' {{in lang|de}} {{Cities and towns in Altenburger Land (district)}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lobichau}} hfo3swfy6ql1x1eawcva4n16u8bc851 0 52423 308372 2026-09-17T09:42:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa =DEU Lochum COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|36|38|N|7|51|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lochum im Westerwaldkreis.png |state = |district = Westerwaldkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Hachenburg |elevation = 467 |area = 4.65 |postal_code = 57629 |area_code = 02666 |licence = WW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 43 259 |website = |mayor = Frank Petmecky<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1430000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Westerwaldkreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Lochum''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – bulsho ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' – oo ku taal [[Westerwaldkreis]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. ==Juqraafiyada== Magaalada waxay ku taal waqooyi-bari ee Koblenz oo ku taal [[Westerwald]] Lake Plateau. Bulshada deegaanka ee Lochum waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Hachenburg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Hachenburg]], oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmo wadajir ah. Xarunteeda maamulku waa [[Hachenburg|magaalada magaca la mid ah]]. ==Taariikhda== Sanadkii 1048, Lochum waxay yeelatay xuskii ugu horreeyay ee dukumiinti ah. ==Siyaasadda== Golaha degmada wuxuu ka kooban yahay 9 xubnood oo golaha ah, oo ay ku jiraan duqa magaalada ee aan rasmi ahayn (''Bürgermeister''), kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codeynta badnaanshaha]] doorashada degmada 13 Juun 2004. ==Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha== Khadadka basaska deegaanka 430, 431 iyo 433 waxay u adeegaan Lochum, waxay ku taal aagga ururka gaadiidka Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM). Bulshadu waxay u dhaxaysaa ''[[Bundesstraße]]n'' 255, oo ku xiraysa [[Koblenz]] iyo [[Hachenburg]], iyo 414, oo ka socota [[Montabaur]] ilaa [[Herborn (Hesse)|Herborn]]. [[Bundesautobahn 3]] oo leh isgoyska ''[[Montabaur]]'' [[interchange (road)|isgoyska]] (AS 40) waxay jirtaa 25&nbsp;km. Joogsiga [[InterCityExpress]] ee ugu dhow waa [[railway station|saldhigga tareenka]] ee Montabaur ee [[Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line|khadka tareenka xawaaraha sare leh ee Cologne-Frankfurt]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Authority control}} 5vta2dqxir54i08imzu0gr11agubjeg 0 52424 308374 2026-09-17T09:51:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Lockstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|0|N|9|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lockstedt in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Kellinghusen |elevation = 28 |area = 7.32 |postal_code = 25551 |area_code = 04826, 04877 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 064 |website = [http://www.amt-hohenlockstedt.de/ www.amt-hohenlockstedt.de] |mayor = Klaus Rühmann }} '''Lockstedt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɔkʃtɛt}}; {{langx|nds|Locksteed}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. Waxay leedahay dad gaaraya 146 laga bilaabo 2022 waxayna ku taal meel u dhow magaalooyin dhowr ah oo u dhow, oo ay ku jiraan '''Hohenlockstedt''', '''Kellinghusen''', iyo '''Meezen'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lockstedt (Steinburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/germany/schleswigholstein/steinburg/01061064__lockstedt/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Cities and towns in Steinburg (district)}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Steinburg]] {{Steinburg-geo-stub}} s4fqad08esazqldmg88pfwyv0re43jt 0 52425 308375 2026-09-17T09:53:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|59|51|N|12|23|21|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lödla in ABG.png |state = |district = Altenburger Land |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Rositz |elevation = 200 |area = 4.30 |postal_code = 04617 |area_code = 03447, 034498 |licence = ABG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 77 027 |divisions = 4 |website = [http://www.rositz.de www.rositz.de] |mayor = Torsten Weiß<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Lödla''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Altenburger Land]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lodla}} mxli7fjm62hqsl5w3h5w2oau84al6kc 0 52426 308376 2026-09-17T09:59:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Loehma.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|36|42|N|11|51|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Löhma in SOK.png |state = |district = Saale-Orla-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Seenplatte |elevation = 430 |area = 10.46 |postal_code = 07907 |area_code = 03663 |licence = SOK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 75 063 |website = [http://www.vg-seenplatte.de/ www.vg-seenplatte.de] |mayor = Christian Kolbe<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 14 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 }} '''Löhma''' ({{IPA|de|ˈløːma}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Saale-Orla-Kreis]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lohma}} 80n62a1x0dmm838il03wvak36ahqhhh 0 52427 308377 2026-09-17T10:00:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Lohme COA.svg |image_photo = Lohme Hafen 2.JPG |image_caption = Harbour of Lohme |coordinates = {{coord|54|35|N|13|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Lohme_in_VR.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = Nord-Rügen |elevation = 15 |area = 13.70 |postal_code = 18551 |area_code = 038302 |licence = RÜG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 052 |website = [http://www.lohme.de/ www.lohme.de] |mayor = Matthias Ogilvie }} '''Lohme''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. [[File:Lohme (2011-05-21) 6.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Lohme from the air]] ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category-inline}} *[http://www.lohme.de/ Official website of Lohme (German)] {{Authority control}} rhly08qchrbvucdx55tnnx9btab01xw 0 52428 308378 2026-09-17T10:02:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Lohmen |image_photo = 20180514145DR Lohmen Schloß.jpg |image_caption = Lohmen Castle |image_coa = Lohmen (Sachsen) Wappen.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|59|17|N|14|0|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lohmen in PIR.svg |state = |district = Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Lohmen/Stadt Wehlen |elevation = 219 |area = 25.80 |postal_code = 01847 |area_code = 03501, 035024 |licence = PIR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14628240 |divisions = 4 |website = [http://www.lohmen-sachsen.de/ www.lohmen-sachsen.de] |mayor = Silke Großmann<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = CDU }} '''Lohmen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Germany]]. == Taariikhda == Lohmen waxaa markii ugu horreysay si rasmi ah loogu aqoonsaday tuulo 1292. Magaca tuulada wuxuu ka yimid ereyga [[Slovak language|Slovak]] ee ''lom'' ama "fissure" (dildilaac). Waxaa jiray dhagax-qodayaal aaggan horraantii 1200, waxayna ahaayeen kuwii ugu horreeyay uguna waaweynaa gobolka. Lohmen iyo boqortooyada Wehlen-Lohmen waxay ka tirsanaayeen [[House of Schönburg]] ilaa laga beddeshay hanti kale oo la siiyay [[Maurice, Elector of Saxony]] 1543. Qarnigii 19-aad waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah magaalada [[Pirna]]. == Adeegyada bulshada == *Waaxda Dab-demiska Ikhtiyaariga ah ee Lohmen *Dugsiga Hoose ee Lohmen *Adeegyada xanaanada carruurta iyo xannibaadda maalintii == Meelaha soo jiidashada ee u dhow == *[[Bastei]] *Qasriga Lohmen == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 57ab2r16omluhkgfq3w047jx7rujasg 0 52429 308379 2026-09-17T10:05:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Lohnsfeld Kaiserstr.png |image_caption = ''Kaiserstraße'', [[Bundesstraße|waddadii federaalka]] hore B40, ee bartamaha tuulada |image_coa = DEU Lohnsfeld COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|33|2|N|7|51|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lohnsfeld in KIB.svg |state = Rheinland-Pfalz |district = Donnersbergkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Winnweiler |elevation = 252 |area = 6.90 |postal_code = 67727 |area_code = 06302 |licence = KIB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 33 042 |website = [http://www.lohnsfeld.de/ www.lohnsfeld.de] |mayor = Daniel Korn<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-08-21 |author=Walter Bertram |publisher=Linus Wittich Medien GmbH, Höhr-Grenzhausen |title=Öffentliche Bekanntmachung konstituierende Sitzung des Ortsgemeinderates Lohnsfeld |url=https://ol.wittich.de/titel/773/ausgabe/26/2024/artikel/00000000000042986688-OL-773-2024-26-26-0 |website=Winnweiler Rundschau, Ausgabe 26/2024}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Lohnsfeld''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Donnersbergkreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. ==Juqraafiyada== Lohnsfeld waxay ku taal [[North Palatine Uplands]], koonfurta [[Donnersberg]]. Magaalada ugu dhow waa [[Kaiserslautern]] 18 km (11 mi) koonfur ka xigta tuulada. Marka laga reebo tuulada dhabta ah, degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay [[hamlet (place)|tuulada yar]] ee Schmitterhof iyo meelaha deegaanka ee Krupp’sche Ziegelhütte iyo Pulvermühle.<ref>[[Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz]] (Hrsg.): ''[https://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A/1132/A1132_202201_ur_G.pdf#page=136 Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile.]'' Stand: February 2022. {{p.|137}} (PDF; 3.3 MB).</ref> Degmooyinka deriska la ah waa [[Winnweiler]], [[Münchweiler an der Alsenz|Münchweiler]], [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] iyo [[Otterberg]]. ==Taariikhda== 1190 "Sacerdos Cunradus de Loginsfeld" ayaa lagu xusay dukumiinti. Magaca tuulada wuxuu u beddelay "Lohnsfeit" (1327), "Lanßfeldt" (1486) iyo ugu dambeyntii "Lohnsfeld" qarnigii 17aad/18aad. Tuuladu waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah dhammaadkii qarnigii 18aad [[Counts of Falkenstein (Rhineland-Palatinate)|County of Falkenstein]]. Dagaalkii Isbahaysiga Koowaad ka dib Lohnsfeld waxaa qabsaday isla markaana dib loogu daray [[France]] iyada oo la raacayo [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] sanadkii 1797. Laga soo bilaabo 1798 ilaa 1814 waxay ka tirsanayd Faransiiska [[Mont-Tonnerre|Departement du Mont-Tonnerre]]. [[Congress of Vienna|K Congress of Vienna]] ka dib gobolka waxaa markii ugu horreysay la siiyay [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] (1815) kadibna [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (1816). Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib Lohnsfeld waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] (1946). Laga soo bilaabo 1969 waxay ka tirsan tahay degmada [[Donnersbergkreis]]. ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha=== [[Municipal council|Golaha tuulada]] wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo lagu doortay [[Mixed-member proportional representation|matalaad isku-dhafan oo saamayn leh]] doorashadii deegaanka ee Juun 9, 2024, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-08-21 |date=2024-06-21 |publisher=Linus Wittich Medien GmbH, Höhr-Grenzhausen |title=Bekanntmachung des Ergebnisses der Wahl zum Ortsgemeinderat Lohnsfeld am 9. Juni 2024 |url=https://ol.wittich.de/titel/773/ausgabe/25/2024/artikel/00000000000042887805-OL-773-2024-25-25-0 |website=Winnweiler Rundschau, Ausgabe 25/2024}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> ===Duqa magaalada=== Daniel Korn waxaa loo doortay duqa Lohnsfeld Luulyo 2, 2024. ===Heraldry=== Jaakada hubka waxay muujinaysaa laan [[oak|geedkii geed]] iyo [[scallop|qolof]]. Laamaha geedka geedka waxaa laga heli karaa jaakadaha hubka ee badankood ee dhulkii hore ee Degmada Falkenstein. Waxay ka muuqataa shaabaddu maxkamadda Lohnsfeld iyo [[Potzbach]] qarnigii 16aad. Qolofku waa calaamadda [[James the Great|Saint Jacob]], oo ah awowaha ilaaliya ee kaniisadda deegaanka. Waxaa la qaatay 1983. ==Kaabayaasha== [[File:Unter der Autobahn - panoramio.jpg|thumb|highway bridge south of Lohnsfeld]] Kaiserstraße-dii hore ("waddada imperial") ee ka timid [[Paris]] ilaa [[Mainz]], oo la dhisay xukunka [[Napoleon]] waxay martaa bartamaha tuulada. Waxay noqotay [[Bundesstraße|waddada federaalka]] 40, laakiin waxaa loo dhimay [[Landesstraße|waddada gobolka]] Oktoobar 15, 2004, markii [[Bundesautobahn 63|A63]] waddada weyn la furay. Winnweiler waxaa ku yaal [[Winnweiler station|saldhig]] ku yaal [[Alsenz Valley Railway]]. ==Dadka== * Johann Jakob Atzel (1754-1816), naqshadeeye ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} gusxbb0tycv310phzrvf589r21ttpuv 308380 308379 2026-09-17T10:05:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Lohnsfeld Kaiserstr.png |image_caption = ''Kaiserstraße'', [[Bundesstraße|waddadii federaalka]] hore B40, ee bartamaha tuulada |image_coa = DEU Lohnsfeld COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|33|2|N|7|51|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lohnsfeld in KIB.svg |state = |district = Donnersbergkreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Winnweiler |elevation = 252 |area = 6.90 |postal_code = 67727 |area_code = 06302 |licence = KIB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 33 042 |website = [http://www.lohnsfeld.de/ www.lohnsfeld.de] |mayor = Daniel Korn<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-08-21 |author=Walter Bertram |publisher=Linus Wittich Medien GmbH, Höhr-Grenzhausen |title=Öffentliche Bekanntmachung konstituierende Sitzung des Ortsgemeinderates Lohnsfeld |url=https://ol.wittich.de/titel/773/ausgabe/26/2024/artikel/00000000000042986688-OL-773-2024-26-26-0 |website=Winnweiler Rundschau, Ausgabe 26/2024}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Lohnsfeld''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Donnersbergkreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. ==Juqraafiyada== Lohnsfeld waxay ku taal [[North Palatine Uplands]], koonfurta [[Donnersberg]]. Magaalada ugu dhow waa [[Kaiserslautern]] 18 km (11 mi) koonfur ka xigta tuulada. Marka laga reebo tuulada dhabta ah, degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay [[hamlet (place)|tuulada yar]] ee Schmitterhof iyo meelaha deegaanka ee Krupp’sche Ziegelhütte iyo Pulvermühle.<ref>[[Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz]] (Hrsg.): ''[https://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/berichte/A/1132/A1132_202201_ur_G.pdf#page=136 Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile.]'' Stand: February 2022. {{p.|137}} (PDF; 3.3 MB).</ref> Degmooyinka deriska la ah waa [[Winnweiler]], [[Münchweiler an der Alsenz|Münchweiler]], [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] iyo [[Otterberg]]. ==Taariikhda== 1190 "Sacerdos Cunradus de Loginsfeld" ayaa lagu xusay dukumiinti. Magaca tuulada wuxuu u beddelay "Lohnsfeit" (1327), "Lanßfeldt" (1486) iyo ugu dambeyntii "Lohnsfeld" qarnigii 17aad/18aad. Tuuladu waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah dhammaadkii qarnigii 18aad [[Counts of Falkenstein (Rhineland-Palatinate)|County of Falkenstein]]. Dagaalkii Isbahaysiga Koowaad ka dib Lohnsfeld waxaa qabsaday isla markaana dib loogu daray [[France]] iyada oo la raacayo [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] sanadkii 1797. Laga soo bilaabo 1798 ilaa 1814 waxay ka tirsanayd Faransiiska [[Mont-Tonnerre|Departement du Mont-Tonnerre]]. [[Congress of Vienna|K Congress of Vienna]] ka dib gobolka waxaa markii ugu horreysay la siiyay [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] (1815) kadibna [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (1816). Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib Lohnsfeld waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] (1946). Laga soo bilaabo 1969 waxay ka tirsan tahay degmada [[Donnersbergkreis]]. ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha=== [[Municipal council|Golaha tuulada]] wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo lagu doortay [[Mixed-member proportional representation|matalaad isku-dhafan oo saamayn leh]] doorashadii deegaanka ee Juun 9, 2024, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-08-21 |date=2024-06-21 |publisher=Linus Wittich Medien GmbH, Höhr-Grenzhausen |title=Bekanntmachung des Ergebnisses der Wahl zum Ortsgemeinderat Lohnsfeld am 9. Juni 2024 |url=https://ol.wittich.de/titel/773/ausgabe/25/2024/artikel/00000000000042887805-OL-773-2024-25-25-0 |website=Winnweiler Rundschau, Ausgabe 25/2024}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> ===Duqa magaalada=== Daniel Korn waxaa loo doortay duqa Lohnsfeld Luulyo 2, 2024. ===Heraldry=== Jaakada hubka waxay muujinaysaa laan [[oak|geedkii geed]] iyo [[scallop|qolof]]. Laamaha geedka geedka waxaa laga heli karaa jaakadaha hubka ee badankood ee dhulkii hore ee Degmada Falkenstein. Waxay ka muuqataa shaabaddu maxkamadda Lohnsfeld iyo [[Potzbach]] qarnigii 16aad. Qolofku waa calaamadda [[James the Great|Saint Jacob]], oo ah awowaha ilaaliya ee kaniisadda deegaanka. Waxaa la qaatay 1983. ==Kaabayaasha== [[File:Unter der Autobahn - panoramio.jpg|thumb|highway bridge south of Lohnsfeld]] Kaiserstraße-dii hore ("waddada imperial") ee ka timid [[Paris]] ilaa [[Mainz]], oo la dhisay xukunka [[Napoleon]] waxay martaa bartamaha tuulada. Waxay noqotay [[Bundesstraße|waddada federaalka]] 40, laakiin waxaa loo dhimay [[Landesstraße|waddada gobolka]] Oktoobar 15, 2004, markii [[Bundesautobahn 63|A63]] waddada weyn la furay. Winnweiler waxaa ku yaal [[Winnweiler station|saldhig]] ku yaal [[Alsenz Valley Railway]]. ==Dadka== * Johann Jakob Atzel (1754-1816), naqshadeeye ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 7s3qr4m1pjdfghsvhxve8c185inrc9p 0 52430 308382 2026-09-17T10:08:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = DEU Lohrheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|19|9|N|8|2|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lohrheim in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Aar-Einrich |elevation = 175 |area = 4.13 |postal_code = 65558 |area_code = 06430 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 081 |website = |mayor = Kai Schmidt<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Lohrheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈloːɐ̯haɪm}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rhein-Lahn|degmada Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Aar-Einrich|bulshada ururka ee Aar-Einrich]]. == Xiriirinta gaadiidka == Waddada weyn ee u dhow Lohrheim, waxaa ku yaal joogsi loogu talagalay Lohrheim oo ku yaal khadka baska deegaanka lambarkiisu yahay 570, kaas oo ka socda Limburg oo sii mara Diez iyo Hahnstätten ilaa Michelbach, Lohrheim waxay ku taal aagga ururka gaadiidka Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM), lambarka aagga 522. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0126ql1exh9ut0ls7t4vxp7amrzauxe 0 52431 308383 2026-09-17T10:10:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|54|07|N|13|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Loissin_in_VG.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Lubmin |elevation = 2 |area = 15.29 |postal_code = 17509 |area_code = 038352 |licence = VG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 081 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.amtlubmin.de www.amtlubmin.de] |mayor = Detlef Sadewasser }} '''Loissin''' ({{IPA|de|ˈløːsɪn}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9dsj7427llzatu5vc9iv8zuj4x7wv42 0 52432 308384 2026-09-17T10:12:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Loit<br><small>Løjt</small> |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 055 |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Loit COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|37|N|9|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Loit in SL.png |state = |district = Schleswig-Flensburg |Amt = Süderbrarup |elevation = 19 |area = 6.69 |postal_code = 24888 |area_code = 04641 |licence = SL |website = [http://www.suederbrarup.de/ www.suederbrarup.de] |mayor = Johann Peter Christiansen |party = }} '''Loit''' ({{langx|da|Løjt}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Schleswig-Flensburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} o26899l3p5i17k25jsrqi89foim43ra 0 52433 308385 2026-09-17T10:14:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = Mosel-bei-longuich.jpg |image_coa = DEU Longuich COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|48|29|N|6|46|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Longuich in TR.svg |state = |district = Trier-Saarburg |Verbandsgemeinde = Schweich an der Römischen Weinstraße |elevation = 250 |area = 8.82 |postal_code = 54340 |area_code = 06502 |licence = TR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 35 078 |website = [https://www.longuich.de/ longuich.de] |mayor = Manfred Wagner<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Longuich''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɔŋɡɪç}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Moselle]]. Qayb ka mid ah Longuich waa Kirsch. Wuxuu ahaa dhalashadii Theodore Nesser, aabaha Nesser Brothers ee Xiriirka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka, oo u ciyaaray Columbus Panhandles ee hadda dhintay 1920-kii. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} em497gmhdbapkiqbrcpyfmrx1uzmd6b 0 52434 308386 2026-09-17T10:15:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Lonnig COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|18|42|N|7|24|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lonnig in MYK.png |state = |district = Mayen-Koblenz |Verbandsgemeinde = Maifeld |elevation = 260 |area = 5.5 |postal_code = 56295 |area_code = 02625 |licence = MYK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 37 065 |website = [https://www.lonnig.de/ www.lonnig.de] |mayor = Stefan Dörr<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Lonnig''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlɔnɪç}}) is a municipality in the [[Mayen-Koblenz|district of Mayen-Koblenz]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], western [[Germany]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} t67zyf8irfocqa2yf4dgpij9pway674 0 52435 308387 2026-09-17T10:17:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Looft COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|1|43|N|9|31|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Looft in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Schenefeld |elevation = 14 |area = 12.43 |postal_code = 25582 |area_code = 04892 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 066 |website = |mayor = Hans-Hermann Hollm |party = }} '''Looft''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} ier1vykzri50gl99dtgyg5xgqonhkza 0 52436 308388 2026-09-17T10:19:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Lübberstedt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|19|N|08|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lübberstedt in OHZ.svg |state = |district = Osterholz |Samtgemeinde = Hambergen |elevation = 14 |area = 12.37 |postal_code = 27729 |area_code = 04793 |licence = OHZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 56 006 |mayor = Dieter Langmaack |party = CDU }} '''Lübberstedt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈlʏbɐʃtɛt}}; {{langx|nds|Lübbs}}) waa degmo iyo tuulo ku taal degmada [[Osterholz]] ee gobolka [[Germany|Jarmalka]] ee [[Lower Saxony]]. Waxay ku taal waqooyiga [[Osterholz-Scharmbeck]]. Si wjir ah tuulooyinka [[Hambergen]], [[Axstedt]], [[Holste]] iyo [[Vollersode]], waxay samaynayaan ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ee Hambergen. == Taariikhda == Sanadkii ugu dambeeyay ee dagaalka (1944) xero hoose oo [[Neuengamme concentration camp|Neuengamme]] ah ayaa laga dhisay tuulada u dhow<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html |title=Anlage zu § 1: Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG |language=German |quote=883 Lübberstedt, Kreis Wesermünde |url-status=dead }}</ref> haweenka [[Jew|Yuhuuda]] ah ee ka yimid [[Auschwitz-Birkenau]]. Ilaaliyaal dumar ah oo dhowr ah ([[Aufseherin]]nen) ayaa ka shaqaynayay xeryaha waxayna dhibaateeyeen maxaabiista oo gaajaysnaa, la shaqeeyay oo la dhibaateeyay. == Gaadiidka == Lübberstedt waxay leedahay [[Lübberstedt railway station|saldhig tareen]] oo ku yaal khadka [[Bremerhaven]] ilaa [[Bremen]] kaas oo furmay 1862. Waddada ugu weyn waa [[Bundesstraße 74|B&nbsp;74]] oo ku xiraysa Bremen iyo [[Stade]]. == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lubberstedt}} rjcv9s1vdah5akfkmtndd1oopxteuuc 0 52437 308389 2026-09-17T10:20:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 308389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = kein |coordinates = {{coord|53|52|N|11|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lübberstorf_in_NWM 2011.svg |state = |district = Nordwestmecklenburg |Amt = Neukloster-Warin |elevation = 67 |area = 12.99 |postal_code = 23992 |area_code = 038422 |licence = NWM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 74 046 |website = [http://www.neukloster.de/doc/luebber_info.htm www.neukloster.de] |mayor = Rainer Levetzow }} '''Lübberstorf''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Nordwestmecklenburg]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany]]. Waxay u dhowdahay magaalooyinka [[Lübeck]], [[Wismar]] iyo [[Schwerin]] waana qayb ka mid ah [[Hamburg Metropolitan Region]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lubberstorf}} 6c02fyd2m77de7p0ow3r3g64q8brh42