Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2301 309521 308675 2026-09-24T17:48:49Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 56 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religion | native_name = {{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام}}}}<br/>{{transliteration|ar|al-Islām}} | image = The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg | caption = [[Kacbada]] ee ku taal [[Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Makka]], [[Sacuudi Carabiya]], oo ah [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]] | type = | main_classification = [[Abrahamic religions|Ibraahimi ah]] | scripture = {{Plainlist| * [[Quraan]] * Sunnada: [[Xadiis]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The saheeh Sunnah is wahy (Revelation) from Allah |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/77243/the-saheeh-sunnah-is-wahy-(revelation)-from-allah |website=islamqa.info |access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref> * Tafsiirka: [[Tafsiir]]<ref>Mir, Mustansir. (1995). "Tafsīr". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> }} | theology = [[Tawhid|Hal ilaah aaminsan]] | area = [[Islam by country|Adduunka oo dhan]]<ref name="Global Islam">{{cite report|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2011/01/FutureGlobalMuslimPopulation-WebPDF-Feb10.pdf|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=27 January 2011}}</ref> | language = [[Classical Arabic|Carabiga Quraanka]] | territory = [[Dunida Islaamka]] | founder = [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Maxamed]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Welch |first1=Alford T. |last2=Moussalli |first2=Ahmad S. |last3=Newby |first3=Gordon D. |date=2009 |entry=Muḥammad |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry-url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211050118/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550 |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}</ref> | founded_date = {{circa|610 C.D.}} | founded_place = [[Jabal al-Nour]]<!-- Beginnings are understood to be where Muhammad is said to have received his first ever revelation, which was inside a cave in this mountain --> | number_of_followers = {{est.}} 2 bilyan<ref name="pew2010–2020" /> {{increase}} (oo si gaar ah loogu yeero [[Muslimiin]], halka si wadajir ah loogu yeero {{transliteration|ar|[[Ummah]]}}) | separations = {{Plainlist| * [[Ali-Illahism]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&q=ali%2520illahism&pg=PA216|title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum|last=Layard|first=Austen Henry|date=2010-08-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108016773|page=216|language=en}}</ref> * [[Druze faith]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Handbook of American Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199862634_s2g7 |first=Yvonne |last=Yazbeck Haddad |year=2014 |isbn=9780199862634 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199862634_s2g7/page/142 142]|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> * [[Baháʼí Faith]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Van der Vyer |first=J. D. |year=1996 |title=Religious human rights in global perspective: religious perspectives |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |isbn=90-411-0176-4 |page=449 |url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse |url-access=registration}}</ref> }} }} {{Sidebar with collapsible lists | name = religion sidebar | pretitle = Qayb ka mid ah taxane ku saabsan | pretitlestyle = padding-top:0.8em; | titlestyle = padding-bottom:0.5em; | title = [[Diin]] | listtitlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; font-size:100%; | centered list titles = yes | image = [[File:Icon-religion.svg|200px|class=skin-invert]] | imagestyle = padding-bottom:1em; | listclass = hlist | liststyle = padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.25em; font-size: 11px; | expanded = {{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}} |} | abovestyle = padding:0.5em 2em 0.5em; display:block; background-color: #efefef; | above = {{startflatlist}} * [[Outline of religion|Dulucda]] * [[Index of religion-related articles|Liisaska]] * [[:Category:Religion|Qeybta]] * [[:Category:Indexes of religion topics|Tusaha]] * [[History of religion|Taariikhda diinta]] * [[Portal:Religion|Bogga]] {{endflatlist}} | list1name = religions | list1title = Diimaha | list1titlestyle = padding-top:0.5em; | list1 = {{Sidebar |child |bodystyle={{subsidebar bodystyle}} |navbar=off | heading1 = [[Abrahamic religions|Diimaha Ibraahimiyeed]] | content1style = padding-top:0.2em; | content1 = * [[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]] * [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]] * [[Islam|Islaamka]] * [[Alawism|Calawiisimka]] * [[Alevism|Alewiisimka]] * [[Azalism|Azaliisimka]]/[[Bábism|Baabiisimka]] * [[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]] * [[Druze Faith|Diinta Duruusta]] * [[Mormonism|Mormooniyadda]] * [[Mandaeism|Mandeiisimka]] * [[Manichaeism|Maniikiisimka]] * [[Rastafari|Rastafariyiinta]] * [[Samaritanism|Samaritaniisimka]] | heading2 = [[Iranian religions|Diimaha Iiraaniga]] | content2style = padding-top:0.2em; | content2 = * [[Yazidism|Yasiidiisimka]] * [[Yarsanism|Yarsaniisimka]] * [[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]] | heading3 = [[Indian religions|Diimaha Hindiya]] | content3style = padding-top:0.2em; | content3 = * [[Hinduism|Hinduugga]] * [[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]] * [[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]] * [[Sikhism| Sikhiisimka]] * [[Bon|Yungdrung Bon]] | heading4 = [[East Asian religions|Diimaha Bariga Aasiya]] | content4style = padding-top:0em; | content4 = * [[Taoism|Taowaysimka]] * [[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]] * [[Shinto|Shinto]] * [[Tian|Tian]] * [[Shangdi|Shangdi]] * [[Hongjun Laozu|Hongjun Laozu]] }} | list2name = schools | list2title = Dugsiyada Fikirka | list2titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list2 = * [[Acosmism|Aakosmisimka]] * [[Agnosticism|Agnostisismka]] * [[Animism|Animisimka]] * [[Antireligion|Diin-diidka]] * [[Apatheism|Apatheisimka]] * [[Atheism|Aqoonsi la'aanta Ilaah / Ateyismka]] * [[Creationism|Abuuristaaniyadda]] * [[Dharma|Dharmismka]] * [[Deism|Deiisimka]] * [[Divine command theory|Aragt Dardaaran Ilaahay]] * [[Dualism in cosmology|Labo-jirnimada]] * [[Western esotericism|Sir-doonka Reer Galbeedka]] * [[Elite religion|Diinta dadka sare]] * [[Exclusivism|Gaar-yeelidda]] * [[Existentialism|Jiritaaniyadda]] ** [[Atheistic existentialism|ateyste]] ** [[Christian existentialism|masiixi]] * [[Feminist theology|Falsafada dumarka]] * [[Fideism|Caqiido-ku-tiirsiga]] * [[Folk religion|Diinta dadweynaha]] * [[Fundamentalism|Aasaas-ku-dhagidda]] * [[Gnosticism|Gnostisismka]] * [[Henotheism|Henotheiisimka]] * [[Hermeticism|Hermetiisimka]] * [[Humanism|Aadmiga-jecleyska]] ** [[Christian humanism|masiixi]] ** [[Religious humanism|diimeed]] ** [[Secular humanism|cilmiyeed]] * [[Ietsism|Ietsismka]] * [[Theological noncognitivism|Ignostisismka]] * [[Inclusivism|Wadajir-yeelidda]] * [[Kathenotheism|Kathenotheiisimka]] * [[Lived religion|Diinta la nool yahay]] * [[Monism|Kow-jirnimada]] * [[Monotheism|Kkudnimada Alle]] * [[Mysticism|Suufiyadda / Sir-raadinta]] * [[Naturalism (philosophy)|Dabiiciyadda]] ** [[Humanistic naturalism|aadmiga]] ** [[Metaphysical naturalism|milyawiga]] ** [[Religious naturalism|diimeed]] * [[New Age|Cаманkii Cusub]] * [[Nonduality (spirituality)|Laba-mid-la'aanta]] * [[Nontheism|Ilaah-la'aanta]] * [[Omnism|Omnisimka]] * [[Pandeism|Pandeiisimka]] * [[Panentheism|Panenteiisimka]] * [[Pantheism|Panteiisimka]] * [[Perennial philosophy|Falsafadda weligeed ah]] * [[Polytheism|Shirkiga / Ilaahyo badan]] * [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]] * [[Shendao shejiao|Shendao shejiao]] * [[Spiritualism (beliefs)|Rux-raadinta]] * [[Shamanism|Shaamanismka]] * [[East Asian religions|Taowayga]] * [[Theism|Ilaah-rumaynta]] * [[Transcendentalism|Sare-u-kacaaniyadda]] * [[Transtheism|Transtheiisimka]] * [[Unitarianism|Mowqifka kow-jirka]] | list3name = concepts | list3title = Fikradaha | list3titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list3 = * [[Afterlife|Aakhiro]] * [[Anthropopathism|Sifaadka bini'aadmiga ee Ilaah]] * [[Apophatic theology|Apophatismka]] * [[Aseity|Iskii-jitaanshaha]] * [[Religious belief|Aaminsanaanta Diinta]] * [[Brahman|Brahman]] * [[Cataphatic theology|Cataphatismka]] * [[Cult|Kooxda diimeed]] * [[Demiurge|Demiurge]] * [[Divine simplicity|Fududeynta Ilaahay]] * [[Eschatology|Qiyaamaha iyo Aakhiro]] * [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|Iftiintinka]] * [[Eternity#God and eternity|Weligiis-jitaanshaha]] * [[Euthyphro dilemma|Muran-weydiintii Euthyphro]] * [[Existence of God|Jiritaanka Ilaahay]] * [[Faith|Iimaan]] * [[Form of the Good|Qaabka Wanaagga]] * [[Gender of God|Jinsiga Ilaahay]] * [[Gnosis|Gnosis]] * [[Holy Spirit|Ruuxa Quduuska ah]] * [[Intelligent design|Naqshadda caqli-gal ah]] * [[Moksha|Xorreynta]] * [[Misotheism|Ilaah-nacaybka]] * [[Miracle|Mucjiso]] * [[Names of God|Magacyada Ilaahay]] * [[New religious movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa diimeed ee cusub]] * [[Omnibenevolence|Naxariista-buuxda]] * [[Omnipotence|Awoodda-oo-dhan]] * [[Omnipresence|Meel-kasta-joogidda]] * [[Omniscience|Cilmiga-oo-dhan]] * [[Pandeism|Pandeistiga]] * [[Personal god|Ilaah shakhsi ah]] * [[Prayer|Dugsi / Baryo]] * [[Problem of evil|Dhibaatada xumaanta]] * [[Process theology|Falsafadda socodka]] * [[Belief#Religion|Aaminsanaanta diimeed]] * [[Problem of religious language|Luqadda diinta]] * [[Reincarnation|Soo-noqoshada nolosha (Reincarnation)]] * [[Faith|Iimaanka diimeed]] * [[Revelation|Waxyi]] * [[Religious text|Qoraallada diinta]] * [[Soul|Nafta]] * [[Summum bonum|Wanaagga ugu sarreeya]] * [[Tawhid|Kkudnimada Alle]] * [[Theological veto|Diidmada diinta]] * [[Transcendence (religion)|Sare-u-baxa diimeed]] * [[Trinity|Saddex-midnimada]] * [[Creator deity|Ugu sarreeyaha / Abuuraha]] * [[Unmoved mover|Dhaqaajiye aan la dhaqaajin]] * [[Vitalism|Ruuxda nolosha]] * [[Worship|Caabudaad]] | list4name = figures | list4title = Hoggaamiyeyaasha Aasaasaya | list4titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list4= *[[Ciise]] ([[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]) *[[Maxamed]] ([[Islam|Islaamka]]) *[[Ibraahim]] ([[Judaism|Yuudaanismka]]) *[[Siddhartha Gautama]] ([[Buddhism|Buudhisimka]]) *[[Guru Nanak]] ([[Sikhism|Sikhiisimka]]) *[[Mahavira]] ([[Jainism|Jeyniisimka]]) *[[Zoroaster]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Soroostiriyanka]]) *[[Hamza ibn Ali]] ([[Druze|Duruusta]]) *[[Laozi]] ([[Taoism|Taowayga]]) *[[Confucius]] ([[Confucianism|Konfushiyanishka]]) * [[Baháʼu'lláh]] ([[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]]) | belowclass = plainlist | belowstyle = text-align:center;font-weight:normal; padding:1em 1em 1em; | below = Kani waa [[:Category:Philosophy and thinking sidebar templates|farac]] ka mid ah [[philosophy|falsafadda]]. Si aad u baarto mowduucyada la xiriira, fadlan booqo [[:Category:Religion_and_belief_navigational_boxes|hage-tusaha]]. }} '''Islaamku'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|ɑː|m|,_|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|æ|m}} {{respell|IZ|la(h)m}};<ref>{{cite Cambridge Dictionaries |Islam}}</ref> {{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|الإسلام|al-Islām}}|al-Islām}}, {{IPA|ar|alʔisˈlaːm|IPA}}, {{lit|hordhaca [ee la xiriira [[ogaanshaha doonista Ilaahay]]]}}}} waa diin [[Abrahamic|Ibraahimi ah]] oo ku saleysan [[Quraan|Quraanka]] iyo [[Sunnah|barashada]] [[Nabi Maxamed al-Quraishi|Nabi Maxamed]]. Diintan [[monotheistic|kelinimada Alle]] waxay leedahay qiyaastii [[Islam by country|2 bilyan oo raacsan adduunka oo dhan]], oo lagu magacaabo [[Muslims|Muslimiin]]. Islaamku waa [[Major religious groups|diinta labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka]], marka laga reebo [[Christianity|Masiixiyadda]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin inay jirto [[Fitra|iimaan asal ah]] oo la soo waxyooday marar badan iyadoo la sii marinayo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|rusul iyo nabiyo hore]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], waxayna rumeysan yihiin in Islaamku yahay nooca caalamiga ah ee dhameystiran ee [[faith|iimaankan]]. Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan Quraanka inuu yahay hadalka dhabta ah ee [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] iyo waxyigii ugu dambeeyay ee aan wax laga beddelin. Dhinaca Quraanka, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale rumeysan yihiin [[Islamic holy books|kutubtii hore ee la soo waxyooday]], sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]), ''[[Psalms in Islam|Sabuur]]'' ([[Psalms]]), iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel]]). Waxay rumeysan yihiin in [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] yahay [[Seal of the Prophets|nabiga ugu weyn uguna dambeeya]] ee [[God|Ilaahay]], kaasoo diinta la soo dhameystiray, oo aan ka dib imanayn nabigii cusub ama sharcigii samada ahayn. Barashada iyo tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee Maxamed, oo loogu yeero [[Sunnah]], oo lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin loogu yeero [[Hadith|Xadiis]], ayaa bixiya tusaale dastuuri ah oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Islaamku wuxuu ku saleysan yahay rumaysashada kow-nimada iyo kelinimada Ilaahay ({{Transliteration|ar|[[tawhid]]}}), iyo rumaysashada [[afterlife|aakhiro]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[akhirah]]}}) oo ay ku jirto [[Judgement Day in Islam|Maalinta Qiyaame]]—halkaas oo kuwa suubban lagu abaalmarin doono jannada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jannah]]}}) kuwa xunneydna lagu ciqaabi doono naarta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[jahannam]]}}). [[Five Pillars of Islam|Shanta Arkaan ee Islaamka]], oo loo arko inay yihiin cibaadooyin [[Fard|waajib ah]], waa shahaadada diinta ({{Transliteration|ar|[[shahada]]}}), salaadaha maalinlaha ah ({{Transliteration|ar|[[salah]]}}), sakada ({{Transliteration|ar|[[zakat]]}}), soonka bisha [[Ramadan]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sawm]]}}), iyo [[pilgrimage|xajka]] loo aado [[Mecca|Makka]] ({{Transliteration|ar|[[hajj]]}}). Sharciga Islaamka ({{Transliteration|ar|[[sharia]]}}), wuxuu taabanayaa ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan dhinacyada nolosha, laga bilaabo [[Islamic banking and finance|bangiyada iyo maaliyadda]] iyo [[Zakat|gar-gaarka]] ilaa [[Gender roles in Islam|doorka ragga]] iyo [[Women in Islam|doorka dumarka]] iyo [[Islamic ethics#Environmentalism|deegaanka]]. Labada [[Islamic holidays|ciida diimeed]] ee ugu waaweyn waa Ciidul Fitri iyo Ciidul Adxa. Saddexda [[holiest sites in Islam|goobood ee ugu barakeysan]] waa [[Masjid al-Haram|Masjidka Xaramka]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], iyo [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]]. Islaamku wuxuu ka soo aasaasay Makka qiyaastii 610 C.D. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in tani ay tahay xilligii [[Muhammad's first revelation|Maxamed uu helay waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]]. Waqtigii uu geeriyooday, inta badan [[Arabian Peninsula|Jaziiradda Carabta]] way [[Conversion to Islam|isu rogtay Islaamka]]. Islaamku wuxuu si dhakhso ah ugu fiday wixii ka dambeeyay Carabta iyadoo hoos imaneysa [[Rashidun Caliphate|Khulaafadii Raashidiyiinta]] iyo [[Umayyad Caliphate|Khulaafadii Umawiyiinta]]. Labada [[Islamic schools and branches|laamood ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka]] waa [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]] (87–90%) iyo [[Shia Islam|Shiicada]] (10–13%).{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. "Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims."}} Muslimiinta Sunniga iyo Shiicada ah ayaa wada noqda ku dhawaad ​​guud ahaan dadweynaha Muslimka ah ee adduunka, iyadoo qiyaasuhu ka bilaabmaan qiyaastii 1.7–1.8 bilyan oo Sunni ah ilaa 285–300 milyan oo Shiico ah adduunka oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2009-10-07|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Shia Muslim Population – Islamic Research and Information Center (IRIC)|url=https://iric.org/world-shia-muslim-population/|access-date=2026-09-01|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Project on Shi’ism and Global Affairs|url=https://shiism.hds.harvard.edu/|url-status=dead|website=Harvard University|access-date=2026-09-06|archive-date=2026-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260829082314/https://shiism.hds.harvard.edu/}}</ref> Inkasta oo [[Shia–Sunni relations|khilaafka Shiicada iyo Sunniga]] uu asal ahaan ka soo bilowday is-afgaranwaa ku saabsan [[succession to Muhammad|dhaxalkii Maxamed]], waxay kor u qaadeen cabbir ballaaran, labada [[Schools of Islamic theology|dhinaca caqiidada]] iyo [[Fiqh|fiqhigaa]]. Ururinta xadiiska suuban ee Sunniga waxay ka kooban tahay [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Kitaab]], halka ururinta xadiiska Shiicada ay ka kooban tahay [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]]. Muslimiintu waxay ka yihiin inta badan dadweynaha 53 dal.<ref name="pew2010–2020">{{cite web |date=June 9, 2025 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}} *{{cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett |author2=Marcin Stonawski |author3=Yunping Tong |author4=Stephanie Kramer |author5=Anne Shi |author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf |access-date=2025-06-10 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref> Qiyaastii 12% Muslimiinta adduunka waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in Indonesia|Indoonisiya]], oo ah dalka ugu dadka badan ee Muslimiinta ah; {{#expr: 100 * 480/1570 round 0}}% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Islam in South Asia|Kooniyada Aasiya]]; 20% waxay ku nool yihiin [[MENA#Religion|Bariga Dhexe iyo Waqooyiga Afrika]]; iyo 15% waxay ku nool yihiin [[Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa|Afrika ka hooseysa Saharada]]. Muslimiinta sidoo kale waxaa laga helaa [[Islam in the Americas|Ameerikaanka]], [[Islam in China|Shiinaha]], iyo [[Islam in Europe|Yurub]]. Muslimiintu waa [[Muslim population growth|kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraysa adduunka]], taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay [[fertility rate| heerka dhalmada oo sarreeya]] iyo qaab-dhismeedka da'da yar marka loo eego diimaha diimaha kale ee waaweyn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lipka |first=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=2017-04-06 |title=Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2026-09-01 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Islaamka waxaa la saadaalinayaa inuu noqdo diinta ugu weyn adduunka dhammaadka qarniga 21-aad, isagoo ka sarre marinaya Masiixiyadda.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |date=April 6, 2017 |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pew2015">{{cite report |author=[[Pew Forum|The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life]] |title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211090450/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf |archive-date=2020-12-11 |date=2015-04-02 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref><!--Ha ku darin xigashooyin hogaanka, marka laga reebo walxaha u badan tahay in la caqabado, sida ku cad [[MOS:LEADCITE]] ([[Wikipedia:Buugga Qaab dhismeedka/Qaybta Hoggaanka#Tixraacyada)]]. U wareeji xigashooyin aan loo baahnayn jirka.--> == Asalka ereyga{{anchor|Etymology}}<!-- Linked from many articles. If changing the section title, please let this anchor remain unchanged -->== {{See also|Muslims#Etymology}} Luqadda Carabiga, ''Islaam'' ({{langx|ar|إسلام|lit=hordhaca [ee la xiriira Ilaahay]}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of Islam {{!}} Dictionary.com |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.dictionary.com |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509110220/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Haywood |first=John |title=Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (AD 600 - 1492) |publisher=Barnes & Noble, Inc. |year=2002 |isbn=0-7607-1975-6 |edition=1st |location=Spain |pages=3.13 |language=en}}</ref> waa magaca fal-galeedka [[wikt:أسلم#Arabic|Foomka IV]] ee ka soo jeeda falka {{lang|ar|سلم}} ({{transliteration|ar|salama}}), ka soo jeeda [[Semitic root|xididka saddex-xarafle ah]] {{lang|ar|س-ل-م}} ({{transliteration|ar|[[Š-L-M|S-L-M]]}}), kaas oo sameeya fasal weyn oo erayo ah oo badankood la xiriira fikradaha dhiibin-hoosaadka, badbaadada, iyo nabadgelyada.<ref name="Lane-Lexicon-4">{{cite book |last=Lane |first=Edward William |author-link=Edward William Lane |title=An Arabic-English Lexicon |volume=4 |chapter=Siin |url=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907230044/http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm |archive-date=2011-09-07 |via=[[The Study Quran|StudyQuran]] |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref> Macnaha diimeed, waxay tilmaamaysaa u dhiibashada buuxda ee doonista [[God|Ilaahay]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Barnard |last2=Churchill |first2=Buntzie Ellis |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi |title=Islam: The Religion and The People |publisher=Wharton School Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-13-223085-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi/page/8 8]}}</ref> Ereyga ''[[Muslims|Muslim]]'' ({{lang|ar|مُسْلِم}}), oo ah erayga loogu talagalay qofka raaca Islaamka,<ref name="Lexico-Muslim">{{cite dictionary |title=Muslim |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913192608/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |archive-date=2019-09-13 |dictionary=[[Lexico]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2020 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en-GB }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim |date=20190913192608 }}</ref> waa [[Participle|falka firfircoon]] ee isla nooca falka, oo macneheedu yahay "dhiibtiye (Ilaahay)" ama "qof u hoggaansamaya (Ilaahay)". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khabiirka [[Quranic studies|barashada Quraanka]] [[Mohsen Goudarzi]] wuxuu ku dooday in Quraanka ereyga ''[[dīn]]'' uu ka dhigan yahay "[[worship|cibaado]]", ''islām'' uu ka dhigan yahay "[[monotheism|kelinimada]]" iyo ''muslim'' uu ka dhigan yahay "muwaahid / qof kelinimada Alle rumeeyay".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goudarzi |first=Mohsen |date=2023-08-01 |title=Worship (dīn), Monotheism (islām), and the Qurʾān's Cultic Decalogue |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006/html |journal=Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=30–71 |doi=10.1515/jiqsa-2023-0006 |issn=2474-8420|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Gudaha [[Hadith of Gabriel|Xadiiska Jibriil]], ''Islaam'' waxaa lagu soo bandhigay inuu yahay hal qayb oo ka mid ah saddaxleey oo ay ku jirto {{transliteration|ar|[[Iman (Islam)|imān]]}} (iimaan), iyo {{transliteration|ar|[[Ihsan|ihsān]]}} (fududeyn / ixsaan).{{sfnp|Esposito|2000|pp=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76 76–77]}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahmutćehajić |first=Rusmir |url=https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm |title=The mosque: the heart of submission |publisher=[[Fordham University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8232-2584-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm/page/n104 84] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Islaamka laftiisa ayaa taariikh ahaan loogu yeeri jiray [[Mohammedan|''Mohammedanism'' (Maxamediyad)]] gudaha [[English-speaking world|dunida Ingiriiska ku hadasha]]. Eraygan wuxuu ka baxay isticmaalka waxaana mararka qaarkood la sheegaa inuu yahay [[Religious offence|dhaawac diimeed]], maadaama uu tilmaamayo in bini'aadam, halkii uu ka noqon lahaa Ilaahay, uu yahay kan udub-dhexaadka u ah diinta Muslimiinta.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| last = Gibb| first = Sir Hamilton| title = Mohammedanism: an historical survey|isbn=9780195002454| year = 1969| page=1 | quote=Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.}}</ref> == Tiirarka iimaanka == {{Main|Aqidah|Iman (Islam)|l2 = Iman}} [[caqiidada]] Islaamku (''[[aqidah]]'') waxay u baahan tahay rumaysashada lix tiir: Ilaahay, malaa'igta, waxyiga, nabiyada, [[Day of Resurrection|Maalinta Qiyaamaha]], iyo qadarinta masiirka.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality|publisher=New World Library|pages=68–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&pg=PA68|editor-first=Joel|editor-last=Beversluis|year=2011|isbn=9781577313328|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022948/https://books.google.com/books?id=dbSPOoQfu0IC&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ilaahay === [[File:Istanbul,_Hagia_Sophia,_Allah.jpg|thumb|[[calligraphy|Qoraal gacmeedka]] qarnigii 19-aad oo muujinaya magaca [[Allah|Alle]] ee ku yaal [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]] {{Main|God in Islam}} Fikradda udub-dhexaadka u ah Islaamka waa ''[[Tawhid|tawḥīd]]'' ({{langx|ar|توحيد|link=no}}), oo ah kelinimada Ilaahay. Badanaa waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay ''monotheism sax ah'', laakiin sidoo kale waa [[panentheism|panentheistic]] ku dhex leh barashada suufiga Islaamka.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |title=Tawhid |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107041300/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tawhid |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Gimaret|first=D.|year=2012|c=Tawḥīd |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7454}}</ref> Ilaahay waxaa loo arkaa mid aan la barbar dhigi karin oo aan lahayn tiro dad ah sida ku jirta [[Christian Trinity|Saddex-midnimada Masiixiga]], oo tiro u nisbeynta Ilaahay ama sifooyinka Ilaahay oo loo nisbeeyo dad kale waxaa loo arkaa shirk, oo lagu magacaabo [[Shirk (Islam)|''shirk'']]. Sidaas darteed, Muslimiintu ma aha [[iconodule]]s mana u nisbeeyaan qaabab Ilaahay. Ilaahay halkaas waxaa lagu sifeeyaa oo loogu yeeraa dhowr [[Names of God in Islam|magac ama sifooyin]], kan ugu caansan waa ''Ar-Rahmān'' ({{lang|ar|الرحمان}}) oo macneheedu yahay "Naxariis-guud", iyo ''Ar-Rahīm'' ({{lang|ar|الرحيم}}) oo macneheedu yahay "Naxariis-gaar ah" kuwaas oo laga baryo bilowga inta badan Suuradaha Quraanka.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Kecia |title=Islam : the key concepts |url=https://archive.org/details/islamkeyconcepts0000alik |date=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |last2=Leaman |first2=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-39638-7 |location=London |oclc=123136939}}</ref>{{sfnp|Campo|2009|p=34|loc="Allah"}} Magaca tooska ah ee Carabiga ee Ilaahay, ''[[Allāh]]'' (الله), oo ah eray aan lahayn [[plural|wadar]] ama [[gender|jinsi]], ayaa sidoo kale si caadi ah loogu isticmaalaa luqadaha kale ee Muslimiinta iyo Masiixiyiinta iyo Yuhuuda Carabiga ku hadla si ay ugu tixraacaan Ilaahay, halka ''{{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[ʾilāh]]}}'' ({{lang|ar|إله}}) uu yahay eray loo isticmaalo ilaah ama ilaah guud ahaan.<ref>{{cite web |title=God |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |access-date=18 December 2010 |website=Islam: Empire of Faith |publisher=[[PBS]] |archive-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034958/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in abuurista wax kasta oo ku jira [[universe|caalamka]] la keenay iyada oo la raacayo amarka Ilaahay sida lagu muujiyay erayada, "[[Be, and it is|Aabo, oo wuu noqdaa]],"<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|2|117|b=yl}}</ref> iyo in [[Meaning of life|ujeeddada jiritaanka]] ay tahay in la caabudo Ilaahay.<ref>Leeming, David. 2005. ''The Oxford Companion to World Mythology''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-195-15669-0}}. p. 209.</ref> Waxaa loo arkaa ilaah shakhsi ah oo wax dhexdhexaadin ah, sida [[clergy|wadaaddada]], looma baahna si loo gaaro xiriir lala yeesho Ilaahay. Wacyigelinta Ilaahay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[taqwa]]. === Qoraallada Quduuska ah === {{Main|Kutubta quduuska ah ee Islaamka | Qur'aanka|Wahy}} {{See also|Taariikhda Qur'aanka}}[[File:Birmingham Quran manuscript full.jpg|thumb|Labo bogos oo ka mid ah qoraal-gacmeedka Quraanka Birmingham, oo lagu qoray farta Xijaasiga ah ee maqaarka xoolaha taariikhdooduna ay ku beegantahay 568–645 C.D., oo ku beegan xilligii Nabi Maxamed noolaa.]] Qoraalka quduska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa Quraanka. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka ay Alle u soo waxyooday Nabi Maxamed, oo uu u soo wakiishay malagii Jibriil, marar badan intii u dhaxaysay 610 C.D.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> iyo 632, oo ah sannadkii uu geeriyooday Nabi Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu noolaa Nabi Maxamed, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray saxaradiisa, inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee loo gudbin jiray uu ahaa afka oo lagu barto xifdi ahaan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=Asian Music |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Quraanku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 114 suuradood oo ay ku jiraan wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood. Suuradaha hore ee soo degay, ee ku soo degay Maka, waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha diiniga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee Madiina ay ka hadlayaan arrimaha bulshada iyo sharciga ah ee khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah.[[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal-gacmeed Quraan ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran rihaal, kaas oo ah taageerada buugga ee qoraalka quduska ah, oo lagu hayo Matxafka Reza Abbasi ee ku yaalla Tehraan, Iran.]] Sharci-yaqaanada Islaamku waxay la tashadaan Xadiiska, ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Nabi Maxamed, si ay u kaalmeeyaan Quraanka una caawiyaan fasiraadiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka Quraanka iyo tafsiirka waxaa loo yaqaanaa tafsiir.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimaddiisa diiniga ah, Quraanka waxaa si weyn loogu tixgeliyaa inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican ee suugaanta Carabiga,<ref>{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=Charles E. Tuttle Company|year=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/koran0000unse_i5u8/page/n32 1]|title=The Koran|url=https://archive.org/details/koran0000unse_i5u8|quote="Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence."|isbn=1842126091}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=Allen & Unwin|year=1956|quote="It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it."|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}</ref> wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo afka Carabiga.<ref>Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. "Literature and the Quran." In ''Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an'' 3. pp. 213, 216.</ref> Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Alle uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo waxyi, oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda dhexdeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah qoraalladii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida Tawraat (Tawraad) iyo Injiil (Injiil), ay noqdeen kuwo la leexiyay—ha ahaato dhinaca fasiraadda, qoraalka, ama labadaba,<ref name="harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5">{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}</ref><ref name="harvp|Peters|2003|p=9">{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}</ref><ref name="610CE">{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Hava Lazarus-Yafeh}}</ref> halka Quraanku (Akhris) loo arko erayga ugu dambeeya ee Alle oo aan wax beddel ah lahayn.<ref name="Ringgren-Quran">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription}} "The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are two different theories about this term and its formation. "</ref><ref>{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}</ref>{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}} === Malaa'igta === [[File:Rashid al-Din Tabib - Jami al-Tawarikh, f.45v detail - c. 1306-15.png|thumb|Maxamed oo helaya [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] oo uga imaanaya malaa'igta [[Gabriel]], oo ka socda qoraal gacmeedka [[Jami' al-tawarikh|Jami' al-Tawarikh]] ee uu qoray [[Rashid al-Din Hamadani|Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]], lagu daabacay [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]], 1307 C.D.]] {{Main|Angels in Islam}} Malaa'igta (keligood: {{langx|ar|ملك|link=no}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|malak}}'') waa makhluuqaad lagu sifeeyay Quraanka{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=23}} iyo xadiiska.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay u abuuran yihiin inay caabudaan Ilaahay iyo inay sidoo kale ka shaqeeyaan waajibaadyo kale oo gaar ah sida gudbinta [[revelation|waxyiga]] ee ka yimid Ilaahay, diiwaangelinta ficilada qof kasta, iyo qaadashada [[soul|nafta]] qofka waqtiga dhimashada. Waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay si kala duwan uga abuurmeen 'iftiin' ([[Nūr (Islam)|''nūr'']])<ref name="Encyclopedia-Nur">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nūr |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423085030/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/nur |archive-date=2022-04-23 |encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |via=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |language=en |access-date=2026-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|last1=Hartner, W.|last2=Tj Boer |year=2012 |c=Nūr |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0874}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Elias |first=Jamal J. |year=2003|c=Light |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00261}}</ref> ama 'dab' (''nār'').<ref>{{harvc |last=Campo |first=Juan E. |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/nar |c=Nar |in=Martin |year=2004}}. – via [[Encyclopedia.com]].</ref><ref>{{harvc|last=Fahd, T. |year=2012 |c=Nār |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0846}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Toelle |first=Heidi |year=2002 |c=Fire |in=McAuliffe}} {{doi|10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00156}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|McAuliffe|2003|p=45}}</ref> Malaa'igta Islaamka waxaa badanaa lagu matalaa [[Anthropomorphism|qaabab bini'aadamnimo]] oo ay ku jiraan sawirro [[supernatural|cajiib ah]], sida baalal, oo ah kuwa aad u waaweyn ama xidhan dhar janno.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|pp=97–99}}<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=26–28}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Webb |first=Gisela |c=Angel |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|last1=MacDonald, D. B.|last2=Madelung, W. |year=2012 |c=Malāʾika |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}}{{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0642}}</ref> Sifooyinka caadiga ah ee malaa'igta waxaa ka mid ah inaysan lahayn baahiyo jir iyo rabitaanno, sida cunidda iyo cabidda.{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|p=140}} Qaarkood, sida [[Gabriel|Jibriil]] iyo [[Michael (archangel)|Miikaa'il]], ayaa magacyadooda lagu xusay Quraanka. Malaa'igtu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan suugaanta ku saabsan [[Isra and Mi'raj|Mi'raajka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu kula kulmo dhowr malaa'igood intii uu ku jirsaday safarkiisa samada.{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=79}} Malaa'ig dheeraad ah ayaa badanaa lagu muujiyay [[Islamic eschatology|qiyaamaha]], [[Kalam|cilmiga kalaamka]] iyo [[Islamic philosophy|falsafada Islaamka]].{{sfnp|Burge|2015|p=22}} === Kitaabyada === [[File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|thumb|Qoraal gacmeed [[Quran|Quraan]] ah oo qarnigii 9-aad ah oo saaran [[Rehal (book rest)|rehal]], oo ah kursiga kitaabka qudduuska ah, oo lagu hayo [[Reza Abbasi Museum]] ee [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].]] {{Main|Islamic holy books|Quran|Wahy}} {{See also|History of the Quran}} Kitaabka quduuska ah ee ugu sarreeya Islaamka waa [[Quran|Quraanka]]. Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in aayaadka Quraanka uu Maxamed u soo waxyooday Ilaahay, iyada oo la sii marinayo [[archangel|malaa'igta]] Jibriil, marar badan inta u dhaxaysa 610 C.D.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=William Montgomery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&pg=PA5 |title=Islam and the Integration of Society |date=2003 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |isbn=978-0-415-17587-6 |pages=5 |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228022949/https://books.google.com/books?id=AQUZ6BGyohQC&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo 632, sanadkii uu geeriyooday Maxamed.{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=17–18, 21}} Intii uu Maxamed noolaa, waxyiyadan waxaa qoray [[Muhammad's companions|saxaabtiisa]], inkastoo habka ugu muhiimsan ee gudbinta uu ahaa af ahaan iyada oo la adeegsanayo [[Hafiz (Quran)|xifdinta]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Al Faruqi |first1=Lois Ibsen |author-link=Lois Lamya al-Faruqi |year=1987 |title=The Cantillation of the Qur'an |journal=[[Society for Asian Music|Asian Music]] |issue=Autumn – Winter 1987 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Quraanku wuxuu u qaybsamaa 114 suuradood (''[[sūrah]]'') oo ka kooban wadarta guud ee 6,236 aayadood (''[[ayah|āyāt]]''). Suuradaha hore ee taariikh ahaan, ee lagaga soo waxyooday [[Mecca|Makka]], waxay inta badan khuseeyaan arrimaha ruuxiga ah, halka suuradaha dambe ee [[Medina|Madiina]] ay ka hadlaan arrimo bulsho iyo sharci oo khuseeya bulshada Muslimka ah. Qareennada Muslimiintu waxay la tashadaan xadiiska ('warka'), ama diiwaanka qoran ee nolosha Maxamed, si ay labadaba u taageeraan Quraanka oo ay uga caawiyaan tafsiirkiisa. Sayniska faallooyinka iyo tafsiirka Quraanka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[tafsir]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |title=Tafsīr |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019035210/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tafsir |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=79–81}} Marka laga reebo muhiimadiisa diimeed, Quraanka waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay si weyn inuu yahay shaqada ugu fiican [[Arabic literature|suugaanta Carabiga]],<ref>{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Jones|location=London|publisher=[[Charles E. Tuttle Company]]|year=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/koran0000unse_i5u8/page/n32 1]|title=The Koran|url=https://archive.org/details/koran0000unse_i5u8|quote="Its outstanding literary merit should also be noted: it is by far, the finest work of Arabic prose in existence."|isbn=1842126091}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Arberry|title=The Koran Interpreted|location=London|publisher=[[Allen & Unwin]]|year=1956|quote="It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it."|page=191|isbn=0684825074}}</ref> wuxuuna saameeyay fanka iyo luqadda Carabiga.<ref>Kadi, Wadad, and Mustansir Mir. "Literature and the Quran." In ''[[Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān|Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an]]'' 3. pp. 213, 216.</ref> Islaamku sidoo kale wuxuu qabaa in Ilaahay uu soo diray waxyiyo, oo la yiraahdo ''[[wahy]]'', oo loo soo diray nabiyo kala duwan marar badan taariikhda oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Islaamku wuxuu barayaa in qaybo ka mid ah kitaabadii hore ee la soo waxyooday, sida [[Torah in Islam|''Towraad'']] ([[Torah]]) iyo [[Gospel in Islam|''Injiil'']] ([[Gospel in Islam|Injiil]]), ay noqdeen kuwo [[tahrif|la leexiyay]]—ha ahaato tafsiirka, qoraalka, ama labadaba,<ref name="harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5">{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=4–5}}</ref><ref name="harvp|Peters|2003|p=9">{{harvp|Peters|2003|p=9}}</ref><ref name="610CE">{{harvc|c=Muhammad|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|last2=Welch|first2=A.T.|last1=Buhl|first1=F.}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Tahrif |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=[[Hava Lazarus-Yafeh]]}}</ref> halka Quraanka ({{Lit|Akhrinta}}) loo arko hadalka ugu dambeeya, ee dhabta ah ee aan wax laga beddelin ee Ilaahay.<ref name="Ringgren">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ringgren |first=Helmer |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran |title=Qurʾān |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505001543/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/487666/Quran |url-status=live }} "The word ''Quran'' was invented and first used in the Quran itself. There are [[Quran#Etymology and meaning|two different theories]] about this term and its formation."</ref><ref>{{harvp|Teece|2003|pp=12–13}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Turner|2006|p=42}}</ref>{{sfnp|Bennett|2010|p=101}} === Nabiyada === {{Main|Prophets and messengers in Islam|Sunnah|Hadith}} [[File:Medieval Persian manuscript Muhammad leads Abraham Moses Jesus.jpg|thumb|[[Persian miniature|Miniakiyada Faarisiga]] ee qarnigii 15-aad oo muujinaysa [[Muhammad in Islam|Maxamed]] oo hoggaaminaya [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] iyo [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|nabiyo kale]] salaadda.<ref>{{cite web |title=BnF. Département des Manuscrits. Supplément turc 190 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |access-date=7 September 2023 |archive-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909130407/https://gallica.bnf.fr/view3if/ga/ark:/12148/btv1b8427195m/f16 |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Nabiyada (Carabi: {{langx|ar|أنبياء|label=none|translit=anbiyāʾ}}) waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay doorteen Ilaahay si ay u wacdhiyaan fariin ilaahi ah. Qaar ka mid ah nabiyadan ayaa sidoo kale keena kitaab cusub waxaana loogu yeeraa "rasuul" ({{langx|ar| رسول&lrm;|label=none|translit=rasūl}}).<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=225}}</ref> Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in nabiyadu ay yihiin bini'aadam oo aan ahayn ilaahyo. Dhammaan nabiyadu waxaa la sheegaa inay wacdiyiyeen fariintii asaasiga ahayd ee Islaamka - u dhiibashada doonista Ilaahay - oo ay u direen quruumihii hore, tan ayaana la sheegay inay sabab u tahay isku mid ahaanshaha badan ee u dhexeeya diimaha. Quraanku wuxuu sheegayaa magacyada tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaadka loo tixgeliyo [[prophets in Islam|nabiyada Islaamka]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Adam in Islam|Aadam]], [[Noah in Islam|Nux]], [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]], [[Moses in Islam|Muuse]], [[David in Islam|Daa'uud]] iyo [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]], iyo kuwo kale.<ref name="Schimmel">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |title=Islam |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504201633/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295507/Islam |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reeves |first=J. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |title=Bible and Qurʼān: Essays in scriptural intertextuality |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=90-04-12726-7 |location=[[Leiden]] |page=177 |access-date=21 August 2019 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WNId86Eu4TEC |url-status=live }}</ref> Sheekooyinka la xiriira nabiyada ee ka baxsan xisaabaadka Quraanka waxaa lagu ururiyaa oo lagu baaraa ''[[Qisas Al-Anbiya|Qisas al-Anbiya]]'' (Sheekooyinka Nabiyada). Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in Ilaahay uu soo diray Maxamed inuu noqdo nabiga ugu dambeeya ("[[Seal of the prophets|khaatumul anbiyo]]") si uu u gaarsiiyo fariinta dhameystiran ee Islaamka.<ref name="Esposito-Islam">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Esposito |first=John L. |author-link=John Esposito |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Islam |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110124812/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100012298 |archive-date=2021-01-10 |quote=Profession of Faith...affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of Allah, the last and final prophet. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Peters-Allah">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Peters |first=F. E. |author-link=Francis Edward Peters |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |title=Allāh |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926053837/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095403960 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |quote=[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.' |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Islaamka dhexdiisa, tusaalaha "caadiga ah" ee nolosha Maxamed waxaa lagu magacaabaa ''[[sunnah]]'' (oo macneheedu yahay "jidka la maray"). Muslimiinta waxaa lagu dhiirrigelinayaa inay ku daydaan dabeecadaha akhlaaqda ee Maxamed noloshooda maalinlaha ah, sunnadana waxaa loo arkaa mid muhiim u ah hagidda tafsiirka Quraanka.<ref>{{harvp|Martin|2004|p=666}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Hadith|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=J. Robson}}</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Sunna|in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d.|author=D.W. Brown}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Goldman |first=Elizabeth |title=Believers: Spiritual Leaders of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/believersspiritu00gold |date=1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-508240-1 |location=Oxford |page=63}}</ref> Tusaalahan waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa dhaqamo loo yaqaan xadiis, oo ah xisaabaadka erayadiisa, ficilladiisa, iyo sifooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed. [[Hadith qudsi|Xadiiska Qudsi]] waa qayb hoose oo ka tirsan xadiiska, oo loo arko inuu yahay erayada dhabta ah ee Ilaahay ee uu soo xigtay Maxamed oo aan ahayn qayb ka tirsan Quraanka. Xadiisku wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba shay: silsiladda sheekeeyayaasha, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies#Traditional importance of the sanad|''sanad'']], iyo ereyada dhabta ah, oo loo yaqaanno [[Hadith studies|''matn'']]. Waxaa jira habab kala duwan oo lagu kala saaro xaqiiqda xadiisyada, iyadoo cabbirka darajada ee badanaa la isticmaalo uu yahay "saxiix" ama "sax ah" ({{langx|ar|صحيح|links=no|translit=[[Authentic hadith|ṣaḥīḥ]]|label=none}}); "xasan" ({{langx|ar|حسن|links=no|label=none|translit=[[Hasan (hadith)|ḥasan]]}}); ama "daciif" ({{langx|ar|ضعيف|label=none|translit=[[Da'if|ḍaʻīf]]}}), iyo kuwo kale. [[Kutub al-Sittah]] waa ururinta lix kitaab, oo loo arko inay yihiin warbixinnada ugu suuban ee [[Sunni Islam|Sunniyada]]. Waxaa ka mid ah [[Sahih al-Bukhari]], oo ay Sunnidu badanaa u arkaan mid ka mid ah [[Hadith terminology#Terminology relating to the authenticity of a hadith|ilaha ugu suuban]] ka dib Quraanka.<ref>[[Aisha Abd al-Rahman|al-Rahman, Aisha Abd]], ed. 1990. [[Introduction to the Science of Hadith|Muqaddimah Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ]]. Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1990. pp. 160–69</ref> Il kale oo caan ka ah xadiisyada waa [[The Four Books|Afrta Kitaab]], oo ay Shiicadu u arkaan tixraaca xadiiska ee ugu suuban.<ref name="Awliyai-Four-Books">{{cite book |last=Awliya'i |first=Mustafa |title=Outlines of the Development of the Science of Hadith |volume=1 |chapter=The Four Books |url=https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144702/https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n12-3/outlines-development-science-hadith-dr-mustafa-awliyai/part-1#four-books |archive-date=2017-09-12 |translator-last=Qara'i |translator-first=A. Q. |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Rizvi-Four-Books">{{cite book |last=Rizvi |first=Sayyid Sa'eed Akhtar |author-link=Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi |title=The Qur'an and Hadith |location=Tanzania |publisher=Bilal Muslim Mission |chapter=The Hadith §The Four Books (Al-Kutubu'l-Arb'ah) |url=https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912191319/https://www.al-islam.org/quran-and-hadith-allamah-sayyid-saeed-akhtar-rizvi/chapter-4-hadith#four-books-al-kutubul-arbah |archive-date=2017-09-12 |via=Al-Islam.org |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en}}</ref> === Soo-noqoshada iyo xukunka === [[File:Chester Beatty T 414 fol 129r Muhammad al-Mehdi.png|thumb|Matxaf qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Maxamed al-Mahdi]]. [[Mahdi|Mahdiga]] waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu soo muuqan doono ka hor [[Eschatology|Waqtiga Dhamaadka]] si uu u soo celiyo cadaaladda oo uu uga adkaado dulmiga iyadoo la kaashanaya [[Jesus in Islam|Ciise]] ([[Jesus]]).]] {{Main|Islamic eschatology}} Rumaysashada "Maalinta Qiyaame" ama ''[[Qiyamah|Yawm al-Qiyāmah]]'' ({{langx|ar|يوم القيامة|link=no}}) ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ah Muslimiinta. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in waqtiga Qiyaamaha uu hore u qadaray Ilaahay, laakiin uusan aqoon bini'aadamku. Quraanka iyo xadiiska, iyo sidoo kale faallooyinka [[Ulama|culimada]], waxay qeexayaan imtixaannada iyo [[Great Tribulation|dhibaatooyinka]] ka horreeya iyo inta uu socdo Qiyaamaha. Quraanka wuxuu xoogga saarayaa [[universal resurrection|soo-noqoshada jirka]], taasoo ah mid ka duwan fahamkii [[pre-Islamic Arabia|Carabtii hore]] ee dhimashada.<ref>{{harvp|Glassé|2003|loc="Resurrection"|pp=382–383}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012|loc="Avicenna"}}. {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_DUM_0467}}: "Ibn Sīnā, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Sīnā is known in the West as 'Avicenna'."</ref><ref>{{harvc|c=Qiyama |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|year=n.d. |author=Gardet, L.}}</ref> Maalinta Qiyaame, Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin in dhammaan bini'aadamka lagu xukumi doono falalkooda wanaagsan iyo kuwa xun waxaana loo gudbin doonaa [[Jannah|Janno]] ama [[Jahannam|Naar]].<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |editor-link=John Esposito |title=Eschatology |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |via=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |access-date=18 April 2017 |archive-date=13 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913062714/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Quraanku wuxuu ku jira [[Surat al-Zalzalah]] wuxuu tan ku sifeeyaa: "Haddaba qofkii sameeya culays atoore oo wanaag ah wuu arki doonaa. Qofkii se sameeya culays atoore oo xumaan ah wuu arki doonaa." Quraanku [[Islamic views of sin|wuxuu qorayaa dunuub badan]] oo qof ku xukumi kara naar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Quraanku wuxuu caddeynayaa in Ilaahay uu cafiyi doono dunuubta kuwa toobad keena haddii uu doono. Falalka wanaagsan, sida sadaqada, salaadda, iyo naxariista xayawaannada{{sfnp|Esposito|2011|p=130}} waxaa lagu abaalmarin doonaa gelitaanka jannada. Muslimiintu waxay u arkaan jannada meel ay ka buuxaan farxad iyo barako, iyadoo tixraacyada Quraanku ay qeexayaan sifooyinkeeda. Dhaqamada suufiga ah ee Islaamka waxay dhigayaan raaxooyinkan jannada xiriir la leh wacyigelin xamaasad leh oo ku saabsan Ilaahay.<ref>{{harvp|Smith|2006|p=89}}; ''Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World'', p. 565</ref><ref>{{harvc |c=Garden |first=Asma |last=Afsaruddin |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Paradise|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> ''Yawm al-Qiyāmah'' sidoo kale waxaa Quraanka loogu aqoonsaday ''Yawm ad-Dīn'' ({{lang|ar|يوم الدين}} "Maalinta Diinta");<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|1|4|b=y}};</ref> ''as-Sāʿah'' ({{lang|ar|الساعة}} "Saacadda Dambe");<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|6|31|b=y}};</ref> iyo ''[[Al-Qaria|al-Qāriʿah]]'' ({{lang|ar|القارعة}} "Qaylisaada").<ref group="lower-roman">{{qref|101|1|b=y}}</ref> === Qadarka === {{Main|Predestination in Islam}} Qaar ka mid ah Muslimiintu waxay rumeysan yihiin qadarka ilaahay, ({{langx|ar|القضاء والقدر}}, ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-qadāʾ wa l-qadar}}'') in arrin kasta uu qaddaray Ilaahay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |date=2002 |title=Andras Rajki's A. E. D. (Arabic Etymological Dictionary) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208204654/http://www.freeweb.hu/etymological/AEDweb.htm |archive-date=8 December 2011 |access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Cohen-Mor|2001|p=4}}: "The idea of predestination is reinforced by the frequent mention of events 'being written' or 'being in a book' before they happen": Say: "Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us..."</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Karamustafa |first=Ahmet T. |c=Fate |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}: The verb ''qadara'' literally means "to measure, to determine". Here it is used to mean that "God measures and orders his creation".</ref><ref>{{harvc |last=Gardet|first=L.|year=2012|c=al-Ḳaḍāʾ Wa 'l-Ḳadar |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0407}}</ref> [[Mu'tazilism|Mu'tasiladu]] iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada Muslimiinta ah ma rumeysna fikraddan.<ref>[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.131-2</ref><ref>[[#AGI1978|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1978]]: p.132</ref><ref>''Need of Religion'', by Sayyid [[Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi]], p. 14.</ref><ref>''Muslims'', by S. H. M. Rizvi, Shibani Roy, B. B. Dutta, p. 20.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shirazi |first1=Naser Makarem |title=The Justice of God |publisher=Al-Islam.org |url=https://www.al-islam.org/justice-god-naser-makarem-shirazi/issue-predestination-and-free-will |access-date=14 June 2022 |chapter=The Issue of Predestination and Free Will|date=12 May 2015 }}</ref><ref>''Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures'', by Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 137.</ref> Badanaa, rumaysashadan masiirka ilaahay waxaa lagu muujiyaa erayga ''[[Inshallah]]'', ({{langx|ar|إن شاء الله}}, {{transliteration|ar|haddii Alle jiro}}) marka laga hadlayo dhacdooyinka mustaqbalka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muslim beliefs – Al-Qadr |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |access-date=13 November 2020 |publisher=BBC |work=Bitesize – GCSE – Edexcel |archive-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115112558/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z43pfcw/revision/4 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Ficilada cibaadada == {{Main|Five Pillars of Islam|Ibadah}} Waxaa jira shan ficil oo cibaado ah oo loo arko inay yihiin [[fard|waajibaad]]–Shahaadada, salaadaha shanta ah ee maalinlaha ah, [[Zakat|sakada]], [[fasting during Ramadan|soonta bisha Ramadaan]], iyo xajka [[Hajj|Hajka]]—oo si wadajir ah loogu yaqaano "Tiirarka Islaamka" (''Arkān al-Islām''). Intaa waxaa dheer, Muslimiintu waxay sidoo kale sameeyaan ficilo kale oo ikhtiyaari ah oo dhiirrigel leh laakiin aan loo arkin inay yihiin waajibaad.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=ZAROUG|first=ABDULLAHI HASSAN|date=1985|title=THE CONCEPT OF PERMISSION, SUPEREROGATORY ACTS AND ASETICISM &#91;sic&#93; IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=24|issue=2|pages=167–180|jstor=20847307|issn=0578-8072|access-date=7 January 2023|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207140013/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20847307|url-status=live}}</ref> === Shahaadada === [[File:Silver Rupee Akbar.jpg|thumb|right|Lacag qalinkii qarnigii 16-aad ee [[Akbar|Akbarkii Weyn]], Boqorkii [[Mughal Empire|Mugalka]], [[India]], oo lagu qoray [[Shahada|Shahaadada]].]] {{Main|Shahada}} [[shahada]]h{{sfnp|Nasr|2003|pp=3, 39, 85, 270–272}} waa [[oath|dhaar]] lagu caddaynayo rumaysashada Islaamka. Qoraalka la ballaariyay waa "{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ʾašhadu ʾal-lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh}}" ({{langx|ar|أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله|label=none}}), ama, "Waxaan qirayaa inuusan jirin [[deity|ilaah]] aan ahayn [[God in Islam|Ilaahay]] waxaanuna qirayaa in Maxamed yahay rasuulkii Ilaahay."<ref name="Mohammad-1985">{{cite journal |last=Mohammad |first=Noor |date=1985 |title=The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-law-and-religion_1985_3_2/page/381 |journal=[[Journal of Law and Religion]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=381–397 |doi=10.2307/1051034 |jstor=1051034 |publisher=Journal of Law and Religion, Inc. |language=en}}</ref> Islaamka waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu doodaa inuu leeyahay caqiido aad u fudud iyadoo shahaadadu ay tahay saldhigga diinta ka hartay. Aan-Muslimiinta raba inay [[Conversion to Islam|soo islaamaan]] waxaa looga baahan yahay inay ku dhawaaqaan shahaadada hortooda markhaatiyaal.<ref>{{harvc |last=Kasim |first=Husain |year=2004 |c=Islam |pp=195–197 |in=Salamone}}</ref><ref name="Galonnier-2021">{{cite book |last=Galonnier |first=Juliette |editor-last=van Nieuwkerk |editor-first=Karin |title=Moving In and Out of Islam |chapter=Moving In or Moving Toward? Reconceptualizing Conversion to Islam as a Liminal Process |location=New York |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2021 |pages=44–66 |doi=10.7560/317471-003 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023001/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/317471-003/html |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}</ref> === Salaadda === [[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|thumb|[[Muslims|Muslimiin]] tukanaya ([[salah]]) gudaha [[Egypt]] waxaa alifay [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1865.]] {{Main|Salah}} {{See also|Mosque|Jumu'ah}} Salaadda Islaamka waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[salah|as-salaad]] ({{langx|ar|الصلاة|link=no}}), ama erayga [[Persian language|Faarisiga]] ee ah "Namaz." Waxaa loo arkaa xiriir shakhsi ah oo lala leeyahay Ilaahay, waxayna ka kooban tahay ku celcelinta qaybo la yiraahdo [[rakat|rakco]] oo ay ku jiraan [[Ruku|rukooc]] iyo [[Sujud|sujuud]] loo sujuudayo Ilaahay. Waxaa jira shan salaadood oo la cayimay maalintii oo dhan kuwaas oo loo arko waajibaad. Salaadaha waxaa lagu akhriyaa luqadda Carabiga waxaana lagu fuliyaa [[Qibla|dhanka]] [[Kaaba|Kacbada]]. Ficilku sidoo kale wuxuu u baahan yahay xaalad nadiif ah oo diimeed oo lagu gaaro hababka [[wudu|weysada]] ama, xaaladaha qaarkood, qubays buuxa oo [[ghusl|qubays ah]].<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|pp=18, 19}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Hedayetullah|2006|pp=53–55}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Kobeisy|2004|pp=22–34}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Momen|1987|p=178}}</ref> [[mosque|Masaajidka]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano masjid ama namazgah, waa [[places of worship|goob cibaado]] oo loogu talagalay Muslimiinta. Inkasta oo ujeeddada ugu weyn ee masaajidku ay tahay inuu u adeego meel salaadeed, sidoo kale waa xarun bulsho oo muhiim u ah [[ummah|bulshada Muslimka ah]]. Tusaale ahaan, [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], wuxuu sidoo kale u adeegi jiray hoy ay degaan dadka saboolka ah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mattson |first=Ingrid |year=2006 |title=Women, Islam, and Mosques |pages=615–629 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America |series=Volume 2, Part VII. Islam |editor1=R. S. Keller |name-list-style=and |editor2=R. R. Ruether |place=Bloomington and Indianapolis |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-34687-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&pg=PA615 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023019/https://books.google.com/books?id=WPILfbtT5tQC&pg=PA615#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Minaret|Minaarooyinku]] waa munaarooyin loo isticmaalo in lagu yeero [[adhan|aanka]], kaas oo ah yeedhid afka ah oo lagu calaamadinayo waqtiga salaadda.<ref name="Pedersen-Masjid-2010">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Pedersen |first1=Johannes |last2=Hillenbrand |first2=Robert |last3=Burton-Page |first3=John |author-link3=John Burton-Page |title=Masd̲j̲id |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year=2010 |doi=10.1163/9789004206106_eifo_COM_0694 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |title=Mosque |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=17 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928065350/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque |url-status=live }}</ref> === Sakada === [[File:Slot at the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II 1.jpg|thumb|Meel lagu bixiyo sakada oo ku taal [[Zawiya of Moulay Idris II]] ee [[Fez, Morocco]].]] {{Main|Zakat}} {{See also|Sadaqah}} [[Zakat|Sakada]] ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|زكاة|translit=zakāh|label=none}}), waa nooc ka mid ah [[Alms|Sadaqada]] oo lagu garto bixinta qayb go'an (2.5% sanadkii)<ref name="Ahmed-Gianci-2005">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Ahmed |first1=Medani |last2=Gianci |first2=Sebastian |title=Zakat |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax Policy |editor1-last=Cordes |editor1-first=Joseph J. |editor2-last=Ebel |editor2-first=Robert D. |editor3-last=Gravelle |editor3-first=Jane |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Urban Institute Press |year=2005 |page=479 |isbn=978-0877667520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m66_BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA479 |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}</ref> ee [[Financial capital|hantida la ururiyay]] ay bixiyaan kuwa awoodda u leh si ay u caawiyaan dadka saboolka ah ama baahan, sida xoraynta maxaabiista, kuwa [[bonded labor|dayn ku jira]], ama safarka ku ah, iyo kuwa loo shaqaaleysiiyo ururinta sakada. Waxay u shaqaysaa sidii nooc ka mid ah [[welfare spending|gar-gaar bulsheed]] oo ka jira bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ariff |first=Mohamed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&pg=PA55 |title=The Islamic Voluntary Sector in Southeast Asia: Islam and the Economic Development of Southeast Asia |publisher=[[Institute of Southeast Asian Studies]] |year=1991 |isbn=978-981-3016-07-1 |pages=55– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023007/https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&&pg=PA55 |url-status=live }}</ref> Waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad diimeed oo ay dadka ladani ku leeyihiin kuwa baahan sababtoo ah hantidooda waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timid nimcada Ilaahay,<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2010|p=109–110}}: This is not regarded as charity because it is not really voluntary but instead is owed, by those who have received their wealth as a trust from God's bounty, to the poor.</ref> waxaana loo arkaa daahirinta hantida dheeraadka ah ee qofka.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = RoutledgeCurzon| isbn = 9780415297967| title =Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present.| location = United Kingdom| year = 2003| last=Ridgeon| first=Lloyd| url =https://archive.org/details/majorworldreligi0000unse| page = [https://archive.org/details/majorworldreligi0000unse/page/258 258]|quote=Aside from its function of purifying believers' wealth, the payment of zakat may have contributed in no small way to the economic welfare of the Muslim community in Mecca.}}</ref> Wadarta guud ee sanadlaha ah ee lagu bixiyo sakada ayaa ah 15 jeer ka badan deeqaha gargaarka bini'aadamnimada ee adduunka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo qiyaaso taxaddar leh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 2012 |title=A faith-based aid revolution in the Muslim world |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114014900/https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/95564/analysis-faith-based-aid-revolution-muslim-world |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sadaqah|Sadaqadu]], si ka duwan Sakada, waa sadaqo ikhtiyaari ah oo aad loo dhiirrigeliyo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Said |first=Abdul Aziz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&pg=PA145 |title=Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-77011-8 |page=145 |display-authors=etal |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023121/https://books.google.com/books?id=4bs7g0O4eLYC&pg=PA145 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/72 72]}} [[Waqf|Waaqfeku]] waa [[charitable trust|kalsooni samafal]] oo joogto ah, taas oo maalgelisa isbitaallada iyo dugsiyada bulshooyinka Muslimka ah.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=A. |title=Equity and Trusts |year=2003 |edition=3rd |page=32 |location=London |publisher=Cavendish Publishing |isbn=1-85941-729-9}}</ref> === Soonta === [[File:Iftar for Ramadhan.jpg|thumb|Munaasabadda afurka, oo loo yaqaan ''[[Iftar]]'', waxaa dhaqan ahaan lagu bixiyaa [[date (fruits)|timir]].]] {{Main|Fasting in Islam}} {{See also|Fasting during Ramadan}} Islaamka dhexdiisa, soonta ([[Arabic language|Carabi]]: {{langx|ar|صوم|translit=ṣawm|label=none}}) waxay mamnuucaysaa cuntada iyo cabitaanka, iyo sidoo kale noocyada kale ee isticmaalka, sida [[Smoking in Islam|sigaar-cabista]], waxaana la fuliyaa laga bilaabo waaberiga ilaa qorrax-dhaca. Inta lagu jiro bisha [[Ramadan]], waxaa loo arkaa waajibaad saaran Muslimiinta inay soomaan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramadan |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009215438/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ramadan |url-status=live }}</ref> Soontu waxay dhiirrigelisaa dareen u dhowaanshaha Ilaahay iyadoo qofku is celinayo dartii Ilaahay wixii kale ee bannaan iyo in laga fikiro kuwa baahan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira maalmo kale, sida [[Day of Arafah|Maalinta Carafo]], marka soontu ay tahay ikhtiyaari.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher =Tughra Books | isbn = 9781597846110| title = Fasting In Islam And The Month Of Ramadan| location = United States| year =2006 | last=Ramadanali| url = |page=51 | quote = }}</ref> === Xajka === {{Main|Hajj|Umrah}} {{See also|Holiest sites in Islam}} [[File:A packed house - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Xujeyda intii lagu jiray xilli [[Hajj|Hajka]] ee [[Masjid al-Haram]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]], [[Saudi Arabia|Sacuudi Carabiya]], [[Holiest sites in islam|goobta Islaamka ee ugu barakeysan]].]] [[pilgrimage|Xajka]] Islaamka, ee loo yaqaan {{transliteration|ar|ALA|ḥajj}} ({{langx|ar|حج|link=no}}), waa in la qabtaa ugu yaraan hal mar nolosha qof kasta oo Muslim ah oo awood u leh inta lagu jiro [[Islamic calendar|bisha Islaamka]] ee [[Dhu al-Hijjah]]. Caadooyinka Hajku waxay inta badan ku daydaan sheekada qoyska [[Abraham in Islam|Ibraahim]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Dr Zakir |author-link=Zakir Naik |date=7 January 2025 |title=What Are the Pillars of Islam? |url=https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115054332/https://islampidia.org/en/what-are-the-pillars-of-islam/ |archive-date=2025-11-15 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Islampidia |language=en-AU}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Five Pillars of Islam |url=https://localhost:5000/learn/educators/curriculum-resources/art-of-the-islamic-world/unit-one/the-five-pillars-of-islam |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026}}</ref> [[Mecca|Makka]], xujeydu waxay toddobo jeer ku wareegaan [[Kaaba|Kacbada]], oo ay Muslimiintu rumeysan yihiin inuu dhisay Ibraahim meel cibaado ah, waxayna toddobo jeer u dhexeeyaan buuraha [[Safa and Marwa|Safa iyo Marwa]], iyagoo xusuusanaya tallaabooyinkii xaaska Ibraahim, [[Hagar]], oo u raadinaysay biyo ilmahaheedii [[Ishmael in Islam|Ismaaciil]] ee lamadegaanka ka hor intaan Makka is rogay degmo.<ref>{{harvp|Goldschmidt|Davidson|2005|p=48}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Farah|1994|pp=145–147}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Hajj |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> Xajku sidoo kale wuxuu ku lug leeyahay in la qaato maalin duco iyo cibaado ah oo ka dhacda bannaanada [[Mount Arafat|Carafo]] iyo sidoo kale [[Stoning_of_the_Devil|tuurista shaydaanka]] si calaamadaysan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peters |first=F.E. |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |date=2009 |isbn=978-1-4008-2548-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&pg=PA19 |page=20 |publisher=Princeton University Press |access-date=7 October 2014 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023112/https://books.google.com/books?id=HYJ2c9E9IM8C&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Dhammaan ragga Muslimiinta ah waxay xidhaan laba maro oo cad oo fudud oo aan tol lahayn oo loo yaqaan [[Ihram clothing|ixraam]], kuwaas oo loogu talagalay inay keenaan isku xirnaan jiilal iyo sinnaan ka dhexaysa xujeyda inkasta oo ay jiraan fasal ama asal.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cornell |first=Vincent J. |title=Voices of Islam: Voices of tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5LNUS0ciAAC&pg=PA29 |access-date=26 August 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-98733-6 |page=29}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Glassé|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA207 207]}}</ref> Nooc kale oo xaj ah, [[Umrah|Umrada]], waa ikhtiyaari waxaana la qaban karaa wakhti kasta oo sanadka ka mid ah. Goobaha kale ee xajka Islaamka waa [[Medina|Madiina]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ku geeriyooday, iyo sidoo kale [[Jerusalem|Quddus]], oo ah magaalo ay ku yaalliin nabiyo badan oo Islaam ah waana goobta [[Al-Aqsa|Al-Aqsa]], taas oo ahayd jihadii salaadda ka hor Makka.<ref>{{cite book|author=Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|title=The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades|publisher=Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University|year=1986|isbn=0918720583|editor1=Goss, V. P.|volume=21|page=208|editor2=Bornstein, C. V.|access-date=15 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023032/https://books.google.com/books?id=p44kAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Trofimov-2008">{{cite book |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |author-link=Yaroslav Trofimov |title=The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine |url=https://archive.org/details/siegeofmecca19790000trof |location=New York |publisher=[[Knopf]] |date=2008 |page=[https://archive.org/details/siegeofmecca19790000trof/page/79 79] |isbn=978-0-307-47290-8 |language=en}}</ref> === Ficilada cibaadada ee kale === {{See also|Quran#Recitation|Dua|Dhikr}} [[File:Men reading the Koran in Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria.jpg|thumb|Rag Muslimiin ah oo akhrinaya Quraanka gudaha [[Umayyad Mosque|Masjidka Umawiyiinta]] ee [[Damascus]], [[Syria]].]] Muslimiintu waxay akhriyaan oo xifdiyaan Quraanka oo dhan ama qaybo ka mid ah si ay u noqdaan camal wanaagsan. [[Tajwid|Tajwiidku]] wuxuu tilmaamayaa xeerar taxane ah oo loogu talagalay [[elocution|akhriska saxda ah]] ee Quraanka.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = | isbn = | title = Foundation of Tajweed| location = | year = 2013|edition=2| last=Aboo Yahyaa| url = | page = 1 | quote = }}</ref> Muslimiin badan ayaa akhriya Quraanka oo dhan inta lagu jiro bisha Ramadaan.{{sfnp|Stefon|2010|p=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/42 42–43]}} Qofka xifdiyay Quraanka oo dhan waxaa loo yaqaanaa Xaafid ("xifdiyey"), xadiisyaduna waxay xusayaan in shakhsiyaadkani ay awood u yeelan doonaan inay shafeecaan dadka kale Maalinta Qiyaamaha.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=my7hnALd_NkC|page=70}} 70]}} Baryada Ilaahay, oo Carabiga lagu yiraahdo {{Transliteration|ar|DIN|duʿāʾ}} ({{langx|ar|دعاء}}&nbsp;{{IPA|ar|dʊˈʕæːʔ|IPA}}) waxay leedahay anshaxeedii gaarka ahaa sida [[Raising hands in dua|gacmaha oo la taago]] sidii iyadoo la baryayo.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Brill| isbn = 9789004335523| title = The Quṣṣāṣ of Early Islam| location = Netherlands| year = 2016| last=Armstrong| first=Lyall| url = | page = 184| quote = }}</ref> Xuska Ilaahay ({{langx|ar|ذكر|translit=Dhikr'|label=none}}) wuxuu tilmaamayaa erayada lagu celceliyo ee tixraacaya Ilaahay. Sida caadiga ah, tan waxaa ka mid ah Tahmiid, oo lagu dhawaaqayo [[Alhamdulillah|ammaan oo dhan waxaa leh Ilaahay]] ({{langx|ar|الحمد لله|translit=al-Ḥamdu lillāh|label=none}}) inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la dareemayo mahadnaq, [[Tasbih|Tasbiix]], oo lagu dhawaaqayo weyneynta Ilaahay inta lagu jiro salaadda ama marka la cajabo shay oo la dhaho '[[Basmala|bismillaah]]' ka hor intaan la bilaabin ficil sida cuntada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=alhamdulillah |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227042540/https://www.lexico.com/definition/alhamdulillah|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 27, 2020|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Lexico}}</ref> == Taariikhda == {{Main|Taariikhda Islaamka}} {{For timeline|Timeline of the history of Islam}} {{See also|List of Muslim empires and dynasties}}{{multiple image | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 600 | image1 = Masjid Nabawi The Prophet's Mosque, Madina.jpg | image2 = Jerusalem DomeoftheRock J65 (cropped).JPG | footer = Bidix: [[Prophet's Mosque|Masjidka Nabiga]] ee [[Medina|Madiina]], Sacuudi Carabiya, waa [[holiest sites in islam|goobta labaad ee ugu barakeysan]] ee Islaamka. Maxamed laftiisa ayaa ku lug lahaa dhismaha masjidka, iyo [[Green Dome|Qubbadiisa Cagaaran]] waa halka lagu aasay. Midig: [[Al-Aqsa|Dhismaha Masjidka Al-Aqsa]] ee [[Jerusalem|Quddus]] waa goobta saddexaad ee ugu barakeysan ee Islaamka, halkaas oo Maxamed uu uga kacay samada intii uu socday [[Isra' and Mi'raj|Isra' iyo Mi'raaj]]. Goobtu waxay ahayd jihadii hore ee salaadda ([[qibla]]), halkaas oo Muslimiintu ay horay ugu tukan jireen ka hor intaan jihada loo beddelin [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] ee [[Mecca|Makka]] ka dib waxyi soo gaaray Maxamed. | caption1 = | caption2 = }} === Maxamed iyo bilowgii Islaamka (570–632) === {{Main|Muhammad|Muhammad in Islam}} {{for timeline|Timeline of early Islamic history}} {{Further|Muhammad in Mecca|Early social changes under Islam|First Islamic state}} [[File:Hira_Cave.jpg|thumb|[[Jabal al-Nour]] u dhow [[Mecca|Makka]], halkaas oo Maxamed uu ka helay [[Muhammad's first revelation|waxyigiisii ugu horreeyay]] ee ku jiray godka Xira.]] Sida ku xusan dhaqanka Islaamka, Maxamed wuxuu ku dhashay [[Mecca|Makka]] sannadkii 570 [[Common Era|C.D.]] wuxuuna noqday agoon caruurnimadiisii. Isagoo ku koray ganacsade ahaan, wuxuu noqday mid loo yaqaan "[[Amin (name)|amin (mid la isku halayn karo)]]" ({{langx|ar|الامين}}) waxaana la doonayay inuu noqdo garsoore dhexdhexaad ah. Intuu ka dib guursaday shaqaalihiisii, haweeneydii ganacsatada ahayd ee [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadiija]].{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=6}} Sannadkii 610 C.D., isagoo dhibsaday hoos u dhaca akhlaaqda iyo shirkiga ka jiray Makka isla markaana raadinaya gooni-isu-taag iyo fikir ruuxi ah, Maxamed wuxuu u baxay Godka Xira ee buurta [[Jabal al-Nour]], oo u dhow Makka. Wuxuu ahaa intii uu ku sugnaa godka halkaas oo la sheegay inuu [[Muhammad's first revelation|helay waxyigii ugu horreeyay]] ee [[Quran|Quraanka]] oo uga yimid malaa'igta [[Gabriel|Jibriil]].<ref name="610CE" /> Dhacdadii bixitaankii Maxamed ee godka iyo waxyigii xigay waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Night of Power|Leylatul Qadr]] waxaana loo arkaa dhacdo muhiim ah taariikhda Islaamka. Intii lagu guda jiray 22-kii sano ee ka dambeeyay nolosha, laga bilaabo da'da 40 wixii ka dambeeyay, Maxamed wuxuu sii waday helitaanka waxyiga Ilaahay, isagoo noqday kii ugu dambeeyay ama [[Seal of the prophets|nabigii ugu dambeeyay]] ee loo diray bini'aadamka.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Muhammad |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> [[File:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg|thumb|Maxamed oo la muujiyay waji daboolan oo jooga [[Kaaba|Kacbada]] laga soo qaatay [[Siyer-i Nebi]], {{Circa|1595}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ottomans : religious painting |url=http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/ottoman33.html |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>]] Inta lagu jiro xilligan, [[Muhammad in Mecca|halka uu joogay Makka, Maxamed]] wuxuu ku wacdiyay marka hore si qarsoodi ah ka dibna si cad, isagoo ka baryaya dhegaystayaashiisa inay ka tagaan [[Arab polytheism|shirkiga]] oo ay caabudaan hal Ilaah. Qaar ka mid ah [[Early Muslims|Muslimiintii ugu horreysay ee soo islaamtay]] waxay ahaayeen dumar, saboolka, ajaanibta, iyo addoommada sida mu'adinkii ugu horreeyay [[Bilal ibn Rabah|Bilaal bin Rabaax]].<ref>Rabah, Bilal B. ''[[Encyclopedia of Islam]].''</ref> Dadka waaweyn ee Makka waxay dareemeen in Maxamed uu [[Early social changes under Islam|khalday nidaamkooda bulsho]] isagoo ka wacdiyaya hal Ilaah oo siinaya fikrado laga shakiyo saboolka iyo addoommada sababtoo ah waxay faa'iida ka helayeen xajka sanamyada Kacbada.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ünal |first=Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&pg=PA1323 |title=The Qurʼan with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English |publisher=Tughra Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-59784-000-2 |pages=1323– |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024048/https://books.google.com/books?id=DyuqdDIjaswC&pg=PA1323#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|p=36}}</ref> Ka dib 12 sano oo ah [[Persecution of Muslims by Meccans|dhibaataynta Muslimiinta ay u geysanayeen dadkii Makka]], Maxamed iyo [[Companions of the Prophet|sahabbadiisii]] waxay sameeyeen [[Hegira|Hijradii]] 622 ee magaalada Yathrib (magaalada Madiina ee maanta). Wuxuu halkaas ka Aasaasay [[First Islamic state|Dowladdii Islaamiga ahayd ee ugu horreysay]] oo ay la socdaan Muslimiintii Madiina (''[[Ansar (Islam)|Ansaarta]]'') iyo muhaajiriintii Makka (''[[Muhajirun|Muhaajiriinta]]''). [[Constitution of Medina|Dastuurkii Madiina]] waxaa saxiixay dhammaan qabiilooyinkii Madiina. Tani waxay aasaastay xorriyadda diinta iyo xorriyadda isticmaalka sharcigooda u gaarka ah ee ka dhex jiray bulshooyinka Muslimka ah iyo kuwa aan Muslimka ahayn hammi ah in Madiina laga difaaco khataraha dibadda.{{sfnp|Serjeant|1978|p=4}} Ciidamadii Makka iyo xulafadoodii waxay guuldarro ka soo gaartay Muslimiinta [[Battle of Badr|Dagaalkii Badar]] 624 ka dibna waxay dagaalameen dagaal aan la isla ogayn oo ka dhacay [[Battle of Uhud|Dagaalkii Uxud]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Peter Crawford |title=The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |page=83 |publisher=Pen & Sword Books Limited |isbn=9781473828650 |date=2013-07-16 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228023957/https://books.google.com/books?id=d-oHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |url-status=live }}.</ref> ka hor intaanay ku guuldarraysan inay hareereeyaan Madiina [[Battle of the Trench|Dagaalkii Khandaq]] (Maarso–Abriil 627). Sannadkii 628, [[Treaty of al-Hudaybiya|Heshiiskii Xudeybiya]] ayaa la kala saxiixday Makka iyo Muslimiinta, laakiin waxaajabiyay Makka laba sano ka dib. Markii qabiilo badan ay islaameen, jidadkii ganacsiga ee Makka waxaa gooyay Muslimiinta.<ref>{{harvp|Peters|2003|pp=78–79, 194}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|pp=23–28}}</ref> Markaatay ahayd 629 Maxamed wuxuu ku guuleystay [[conquest of Mecca|furashadii Makka]] ee aan dhiiggu ku daadan, iyo waqtigii uu geeriyooday 632 (da'da 62) wuxuu midaysiiyay qabiilooyinkii Carabta]] hal qaran oo diimeed. === Islaamkii Hore (632–750) === {{Further|Succession to Muhammad|Early Muslim conquests}} {{See also|Ghadir Khumm|Saqifa|Canonization of Islamic scripture}} [[File:Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg|thumb|Expansion of the Caliphate{{legend|#a1584e|Muhammad, 622–632}}{{legend|#ef9070|Khulafo Al-Raashidiin, 632–661}}{{legend|#fad07d|Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750}}]] Nabi Maxamed wuxuu geeriyooday sanadkii 632 waxaana khulafadii ugu horreysay ee loo yaqaan Khulafo – Abu Bakr, Cumar, Cuthmaan, Cali iyo marmar Xasan bin Cali<ref>{{Cite book| last1 = Melchert| first1 = Christopher| date = 2020| contribution = The Rightly Guided Caliphs: The Range of Views Preserved in Ḥadīth| editor1-last = al-Sarhan| editor1-first = Saud| title = Political Quietism in Islam: Sunni and Shi'i Practice and Thought| location = London and New York| publisher = I.B. Tauris| isbn = 978-1-83860-765-4| pages = 70–71| contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=96TDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63| access-date = 17 February 2022| url-status = live}}</ref> – looga yaqaan Islaamka Sunniga ah ''al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn'' ("Khulafadii Hagaysa").{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=40}} Qaar kamid ah qabiilooyinka ayaa Islaamka ka tagay oo ka inkiiray madax sheegtay in ay yihiin nebiyo cusub balse Abu Bakr wuxuu ku jebiyey dagaalladii Riddada.<ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=57}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Hourani|2002|p=22}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=32}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Madelung|1996|p=43}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Ṭabāṭabāʼī|1979|pp=30–50}}</ref> Bulshooyinka maxalliga ah ee Yuhuudda iyo Nasaarada asaliga ah, ee loo haystay dad laga tirada badan yahay oo diinaysan loona culeysiyay canshuuraha, ayaa inta badan ka caawiyey Muslimiinta inay qabsadaan dhulkooda,{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=38}} taasoo keentay in khilaafaddu ay si degdeg ah ugu ballaarato boqortooyooyinkii Saasaniyiinta iyo Biisantiinta.<ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|p=74}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=J. Kuiper |first=Matthew |title=Da'wa: A Global History of Islamic Missionary Thought and Practice |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9781351510721 |page=85}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lapidus |first=Ira M. |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-521-51430-9 |pages=60–61 |author-link=Ira M. Lapidus}}</ref> Cuthmaan waxaa la doortay 644 waxaana dilkiisii uu kiciyey in Cali loo doorto Khaliifkii xigay. Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Koowaad, xaaskii Nebiga, Caashaa, waxay soo saartay ciidan ka soo horjeeda Cali, iyada oo isku dayaysa inay u aarto dhimashadii Cuthmaan, balse waa lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Geela. Cali wuxuu isku dayay inuu xilka ka qaado guddoomiyihii Suuriya, Mucaawiya, kaas oo loo arkayay musuqmaasuq. Mucaawiya ayaa markaas dagaal ku dhawaaqay Cali waana lagu jabiyey Dagaalkii Sifeyn. Go'aanka Cali ee ahaa inuu dhex-dhexaadin sameeyo ayaa ka caraysiiyey Khawaarijta, oo ahayd koox xagjir ah, kuwaas oo qabay in aan la dagaallamin qof dembiile ah awgeed, Cali uu isna noqday dembiile. Khawaarijtu way caasiyoobeen waxaana lagu jebiyey Dagaalkii Nahrawan balse nin Khawaariji ah ayaa gadaal ka dilay Cali. Wiilkiii Cali, Xasan bin Cali, ayaa loo doortay Khaliif wuxuuna saxiixay heshiis nabadeed si looga fogaado dagaal kale, isaga oo xilka uga degay Mucaawiya si uusan Mucaawiya u soo magacaabin qof beddela.{{sfnp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=67–72}} [[File:Almuñécar, statue of Abd al-Rahman I.jpg|thumb|Taallo ay leedahay Cabduraxmaan I oo ku taal Almuñécar, Isbayn. Islaamku wuxuu gaaray Galbeedka Yurub 711 AD, markii Ṭariiq bin Siyaad uu galay Jasiiradda Iberia. Sanadkii 756, Cabduraxmaan wuxuu aasaasay Imaaradda Cordoba, isagoo ka aasaasay dowlad Islaami ah oo madaxbannaan al-Andalus.]] Mucaawiya wuxuu bilaabay Saldanaddii Umawiyiinta isagoo u magacaabay wiilkiisii Yaziid inay isku xigaan, taasoo dhalisay Dagaalkii Sifeyn ee Labaad. Intii uu socday Dagaalkii Karbala, Xuseen bin Cali, wiilka labaad ee Cali iyo awowgii nebiga, waxaa si arxan darro ah u dilay ciidamadii Yaziid; dhacdadii waxaa sannad walba xusaa Muslimiinta Shiicada ah ilaa maanta. Sunniga, oo uu hoggaaminayo Ibn al-Zubayr oo kasoo horjeeda khilaafad dhaxal ah, ayaa lagaga adkaaday Go'doomintii Makka. Khilaafyadan hoggaanka ayaa keenay inuu dhasho khilaafka Sunni-Shiicada,{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harney |first=John |date=3 January 2016 |title=How Do Sunni and Shia Islam Differ? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/q-and-a-how-do-sunni-and-shia-islam-differ.html |access-date=4 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyadoo Shiicadu ay aaminsan tahay in hoggaanku uu leeyahay qoyskii Nebiga (Ahl al-bayt).{{sfnp|Waines|2003|p=46}} Hoggaankii Abu Bakr wuxuu kormeeray bilowgii ururinta Qur'aanka. Khaliifkii Cumar bin Cabdicasiis wuxuu dhisay guddigii, Todobadii Fuqaha ee Madiina,{{sfnp|Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr|2012|p=505}}<ref>''Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz'' By Imam Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam died 214 AH 829 C.E. Publisher Zam Zam Publishers Karachi, pp. 54–59</ref> waxaana Malik bin Anas uu qoray mid ka mid ah buugagii ugu horreeyay ee ku saabsan fiiqhiga Islaamka, ''Muwatta'', oo ahayd is-afgarad ku saabsan aragtida culimadaas.{{sfnp|Coulson|1964|p=103}}<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last1=Houtsma |editor-first1=M.T. |editor-last2=Wensinck |editor-first2=A.J. |editor-last3=Lévi-Provençal |editor-first3=E. |editor-last4=Gibb |editor-first4=H.A.R. |editor-last5=Heffening |editor-first5=W. |series=Volume V: L—Moriscos |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1993 |edition=reprint |isbn=978-90-04-09791-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va6oSxzojzoC |pages=207– |access-date=19 September 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor=Moshe Sharon |title=Studies in Islamic History and Civilization: In Honour of Professor David Ayalon |year=1986 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789652640147 |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_wUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA264 |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Khawaarijtu waxay aaminsanaayeen in uusan jirin dhexdhexaad la tanaasuli karo oo u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo xumaanta, iyo in muslim kasta oo gala dembi weyn uu noqonayo gaal. Erayga "Khawaarij" waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday in lagu tilmaamo ISIS.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mamouri|first=Ali|date=8 January 2015|title=Who are the Kharijites and what do they have to do with IS?|work=Al-monitor|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2015/01/islamic-state-kjarijites-continuation.html|access-date=6 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Murji'ah waxay barayeen in dadka toosan lagu xukumi karo Eebbe kaligii. Sidaa darteed, dembiilayaasha waxaa loo arki karaa inay marin habaabeen, laakiin aan lagu tilmaamin gaalo.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=43}} Dabeecaddan ayaa timid inay ku guulaysato caqiidada Islaamka ee ugu weyn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}}[[File:BalianofIbelin1490.jpg|thumb|Saliibiyiinta oo ku wareejinaya Qudus Muslimiinta sanadkii 1187 AD.]] Saldanaddii Umawiyiintu waxay qabsatay Maqrib, Jasiiradda Iberia, Gallia Narbonensis iyo Sindh.<ref>{{cite book |first=Donald |last=Puchala |title=Theory and History in International Relations |url=https://archive.org/details/theoryhistoryini0000puch_n6c1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/theoryhistoryini0000puch_n6c1/page/137 137] |publisher=Routledge |year=2003}}</ref> Duullaamadii Islaamka ee hore waxaa lagu tilmaamay imperialism Islaami ah.<ref name="n050">{{cite journal | last=Wright | first=Craig S | title=Arab Colonialism and the Roots of the Golden Age of Islam | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | date=2022 | issn=1556-5068 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.4020040 | url=https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4020040 | access-date=2026-04-24 | page=}}</ref> Umawiyiintu waxay la halgamayeen l'aynaansho sharci ah waxayna ku tiirsanaayeen ciidan aad loo taageero.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=45}} Maaddaama canshuurta Jizya ay ahayd canshuur ay bixiyaan kuwa aan muslimka ahayn oo ka reebayay adeegga ciidanka, Umawiyiintu waxay diideen inay aqoonsadaan islaam-gelitaanka kuwa aan Carabta ahayn, maadaama ay yaraynaysay dakhliga.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Iyadoo Khilaafadii Raashidiintu ay adkaysay adduunyo la'aanta, iyadoo Cumar uu xitaa dalbanayo in la tiriyo hantida sarkaal kasta,<ref>{{cite book |first1=Ahmad Ibn Jabir|last1=Al-Biladhuri |first2=Philip|last2=Hitti|title=Kitab Futuhu'l-Buldan|page=219 |publisher=AMS Press |year=1969}}</ref> raaxada Umawiyiinta ayaa dhalisay qancin la'aan dadka diinta ku adag.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=87}} Khawaarijtu waxay hoggaamiyeen Kacdoonkii Berber, taasoo horseeday dowladaha ugu horreeya ee Islaamka oo ka madax bannaan Khilaafada. Kacdoonkii Cabbasiyiinta, kuwa aan Carabta ahayn ee soo islaamay (Mawla), qabiilooyinkii Carabta ee ay Umawiyiintu meesha ka saareen, iyo qaar ka mid ah Shiicada ayaa midoobay oo riday Umawiyiinta, iyaga oo bilaabay Cabbasiyiinta oo caalami ah sanadkii 750.{{sfnp|Lewis|1993|pp=71–83}} === Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka (786–1258) === {{Further|Hadith studies|Islamic philosophy}} {{See also|Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe|Turco-Persian tradition}} [[File:Al-Risalah_al-Dhahabiah.JPG|thumb|Bog ka mid ah Al-Risala al-Dhahabiyya ee Imam Ali al-Rida (809 AD), oo ah tii ugu qiimaha badnayd ee shaqooyinka Islaamka ee Sayniska Caafimaadka. Waxaa ku jira qaybo saynis sida Anatomiya, Histoloji, Fisioloji, Kimistari iyo Patoloji intii sayniska caafimaadku uu wali ahaa mid bilow ah.]] Al-Shafi'i wuxuu dejiyay hab lagu xaqiijiyo isku-halaynta xadiiska.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|p=86}} Waagii hore ee Ablaasiyiinta, aqoonyahanno sida Muhammad al-Bukhari iyo Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj waxay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Ahlusunna, halka aqoonyahanno sida Al-Kulayni iyo Ibn Babawayh ay soo ururiyeen guryaha waaweyn ee xadiiska Shiicada. Astaamaha afar-madhab ee Ahlusunna—Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki, iyo Shafi'i—waxaa lagu tiiriyay dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Abū Ḥanīfa, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Malik ibn Anas iyo al-Shafi'i. Taa beddelkeeda, dhulalka fundamentiinta ee Ja'far al-Sadiq waxay dhiseen Fiqhiga Ja'fari. Qarnigii 9aad, Al-Tabari wuxuu dhameystiray qafiskii ugu horreeyay ee Tafsiirka Quraanka, Tafsir al-Tabari, oo noqday mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu xigashada badan Ahlusunna Islaamka. Doobab ka mid ah Muslinka waxay ka fekereen ka-sallamaaynta nolosha duniyeed waxayna xoogga saareen saboolnimada, is-hoosaysiinta, iyo fogaanta dambiga ee ku basada diidmada rabitaanka jidhka. Zuhuudka sida Hasan al-Basri waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaq dib u zhugnaaday tasawwuf ama Sufi.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=90, 91}} Waqtigan, dhibaatooyinka fiqiga, gaar ahaan doorashada xorta ah, waxay ahaayeen kuwo si adag loo maareeyay, iyadoo Hasan al-Basri uu qabay in kasta oo Eebbe uu og yahay waxa dadku sameynayaan, wanaagga iyo xintu ay ka yimaadaan isticmaalka qaldan ee doorashada xorta ah iyo Ibliiska.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|pp=38-39}}{{efn|"Hasan al-Basri waxaa inta badan loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah dadkii ugu horreeyay ee diaday asalka malaa'igta ee ibliiska, isagoo ku doodaya in dhicitaankiisu yahay natiijada doorashadiisa xorta ah, oo ma ahan go'aanka Eebbe. Hasan al-Basri wuxuu sidoo kale ku dooday in malaa'igtu aysan awoodin dambiga ama khaladaadka oo ay ka sharaf badan yihiin aadanaha iyo xata cabsida nabiyada. Shiicada iyo Sunnida hore waxay ka soo horjeedeen ra'yigiisa.<ref>Omar Hamdan ''Studien zur Kanonisierung des Korantextes: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrīs Beiträge zur Geschichte des Korans'' Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 2006 {{ISBN|978-3447053495}} pp. 291–292 (German)</ref>}} Falsafada Caqliga Giriiga waxay dhiirrigelisay dugsi feker oo loo yaqaan Mu'tazila, oo si ka muuqata u dooday fikradda doorashada xorta ah ee uu bilaabay Wasil ibn Ata.{{sfnp|Blankinship|2008|p=50}} Khaliif al-Mamun wuxuu ka dhigay caqiido rasmi ah wuxuuna si aan guul lahayn ugu doortay inuu ku qasbo booskan dadka intiisa badan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=88}} Khaliif Al-Mu'tasim wuxuu sameeyay Mihna, iyadoo Ahmad ibn Hanbal oo ilaalinaayay dhaqanka uu si muuqata u diaday inuu waafaqo fikradda Mu'tazila ee ah in Quraanku yahay ku dhacay halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa mid weligeed ah, taas oo ka dhigtay in la jilciyo oo lagu hayo qol madow muddo ku dhow soddon bilood.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Doi |first=Abdur Rahman |title=Shariah: The Islamic Law |url=https://archive.org/details/sharahislamiclaw0000doia |location=London |publisher=Ta-Ha Publishers |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-907461-38-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/sharahislamiclaw0000doia/page/110 110]}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dugsiyada kale ee Kalam—Māturīdism oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi iyo Ash'ari oo uu aasaasay Al-Ash'ari—waxay ahaayeen kuwo si ballaaran loo qaatay. Falsafadyahannada sida Al-Farabi, Avicenna iyo Averroes waxay isku deyeyeen inay waafajiyaan fikradaha Aristotle iyo fundamentiinta Islaamka, iyagoo u dhow Iskolastikada Kiristanka ee Yuubka iyo shaqada Maimonides ee Yuhuudda, halka kuwo kale sida Al-Ghazali ay ka soo horjeedeen habkan oo ugu dambeyntii guuleysteen.<ref>{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=160}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=126–127}}</ref> [[File:Al-Idrisi's_world_map.JPG|thumb|Tabula Rogeriana (1154 AD) ee al-Idrisi, oo ah mid ka mid ah khariidadaha dunida ee ugu horumarsanaa qarniyadii dhexe, oo la sameeyay Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.]] Axdigan inta badan waxaa loo yaqaan Axdigii Dahabiga Ahaa ee Islaamka.<ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lewis|1977|pp=80, 92, 105}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1977|pp=661–663}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{harvp|Lapidus|2002|p=56}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Lewis|1993|p=84}}</ref><ref name="harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012">{{harvp|Gardet|Jomier|2012}}</ref> Guulaha sayniska Islaamku waxay samaysteen qaybo badan oo maadooyin ah sida caafimaadka, xisaabta, astronomiga, iyo beeraha iyo sidoo kale fisigiska, dhaqaalaha, injineernimada iyo optigga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=King |first=David A. |year=1983 |title=The Astronomy of the Mamluks |journal=Isis |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=531–55 |doi=10.1086/353360 |s2cid=144315162 | issn=0021-1753}}</ref><ref name="Hassan-1996">{{cite book |last=Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y. al-Hassan |title=Islam and the Challenge of Modernity |chapter=Factors Behind the Decline of Islamic Science After the Sixteenth Century |editor-last=Al-Attas |editor-first=S. S. |editor-link=Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas |location=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization |year=1996 |pages=351–399 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ854295.pdf|title=Contributions of Islamic scholars to the scientific enterprise|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The greatest scientific advances from the Muslim world|website=TheGuardian.com|date=February 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/feb/01/islamic-science|access-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Avicenna wuxuu ahaa horyaal ku saabsan caafimaadka tijaabada ah,<ref>Jacquart, Danielle (2008). "Islamic Pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Theories and Substances". European Review (Cambridge University Press) 16: 219–227.</ref><ref>David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", Heart Views 4 (2).</ref> oo The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo isticmaalay qoraal caafimaad oo heer sare ah ee dunida Islaamka iyo Yurub qarniyo. Rhazes wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aqoonsaday cudurrada furfuraa iyo jadeecada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx|title=Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes) (c. 865-925)|publisher=sciencemuseum.org.uk|access-date=31 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 Bisha Shanaad 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506072259/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/alrazi.aspx}}</ref> Cisbitaallada dadweynaha ee waqtigaas waxay bixiyeen shahaadooyinka ugu horreeya ee caafimaadka si loogu ogolaado dhakhaatiirta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alatas |first=Syed Farid |year=2006 |title=From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue |url=https://zenodo.org/record/29439 |journal=Current Sociology |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=112–132 |doi=10.1177/0011392106058837 |s2cid=144509355 |access-date=12 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Imamuddin |first=S.M. |title=Muslim Spain 711–1492 AD |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=1981 |isbn=978-90-04-06131-6 |page=169}}</ref> Ibn al-Haytham waxaa loo tixgeliyaa aabaha habka sayniska ee casriga ah iyadoo inta badan loo sheego "saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee runta ah ee dunida", gaar ahaan shaqadiisa optigga.<ref>{{cite journal |author-link=Gerald J. Toomer|first=G. J. |last=Toomer |jstor=228328 |title=Review Work: Matthias Schramm (1963) ''Ibn Al-Haythams Weg zur Physik'' |journal=Isis |volume=55 |issue=4 |date=Dec 1964 |page=464 |quote=Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Al-Khalili |first=Jim |date=4 January 2009 |title=The 'first true scientist' |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gorini |first=Rosanna |date=October 2003 |title=Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision |journal=Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=53–55 |url=http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf |access-date=25 September 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Injineernimada, walaalaha Banū Mūsā aaladdooda turumbada tooska ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ahaan lahayd mashinkii ugu horreeyay ee la barnamijayn karo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Koetsier |first1=Teun |title=On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mechanism-and-machine-theory_2001-05_36_5/page/589 |journal=Mechanism and Machine Theory |date=May 2001 |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=589–603 |doi=10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2 }}</ref> Xisaabta Islaamka, fikradda algorithm waxaa lagu magacaabay Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, oo loo tixgeliyo aasaasaha aljabra, oo lagu magacaabay buugiisa al-jabr, halka kuwo kale ay soo saareen fikradda shaqada (function).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Katz |first1=Victor J. |author1-link=Victor J. Katz |last2=Barton |first2=Bill |title=Stages in the History of Algebra with Implications for Teaching |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-studies-in-mathematics_2007-10_66_2/page/185 |journal=Educational Studies in Mathematics |date=18 September 2007 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=185–201 |doi=10.1007/s10649-006-9023-7 |s2cid=120363574 }}</ref> Dowladda waxay siin jirtay saynisyahannada mushahar u dhigma mushaharka ciyaartoyda xirfadleyda ah ee maanta.<ref>{{harvp|Ahmed|2006|pp=23, 42, 84}}</ref> Guinness World Records wuxuu u aqoonsan yahay Jaamacadda Al Karaouine, oo la aasaasay 859, inay tahay jaamacadda ugu qadiimsan ee bixisa shahaadooyinka dunida.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Young |first=Mark |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofwo1998newy |title=The Guinness Book of Records |year=1998 |page=242 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-57895-9}}</ref> Dad badan oo aan Muslin ahayn, sida Kiristanka, Yuhuudda iyo Saabi'iinta,<ref name="Brague 2009">{{cite book|title=The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/legendofmiddleag0000brag|first=Rémi |last=Brague|year= 2009| isbn=9780226070803| page =[https://archive.org/details/legendofmiddleag0000brag/page/164 164]|publisher=University of Chicago Press|quote=Neither were there any Muslims among the Ninth-Century translators. Almost all of them were Christians of various Eastern denominations: Jacobites, Melchites, and, above all, Nestorians... A few others were Sabians.}}</ref> waxay guntadeen ilbaxnimada Islaamka qaybo meelaha ah,<ref name="Hill-1993">{{cite book |last=Hill |first=Donald |author-link=Donald Routledge Hill |title=Islamic Science and Engineering |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicscienceen0000hill |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=1993 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicscienceen0000hill/page/4 4] |isbn=0-7486-0455-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Brague-Assyrians">{{cite web |last=Brague |first=Rémi |author-link=Rémi Brague |title=Assyrians contributions to the Islamic civilization |url=http://www.christiansofiraq.com/assyriancontributionstotheislamiccivilization.htm |website=Christians of Iraq |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref> iyo machadka loo yaqaan Bayt al-Hikma wuxuu u shaqaaleysiiyay aqoonyahanno Kiristan iyo Faarisi ah si ay ugu turjumaan shaqooyinka luqadda Carabiga iyo si ay u soosaaraan aqoon cusub.<ref name="Meri-Bacharach-2006">{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Meri |editor-first1=Josef W. |editor-link1=Josef W. Meri |editor-last2=Bacharach |editor-first2=Jere L. |editor-link2=Jere L. Bacharach |title=Hadith |encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |page=304 |isbn=978-0415966917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MypbfKdMePIC&pg=PA304 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Saliba-1994">{{cite book |last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George Saliba |title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofarabica0000sali |location=New York |publisher=New York University Press |year=1994 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofarabica0000sali/page/245 245], 250, 256–57 |isbn=0-8147-8023-7 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Cheshm manuscript.jpg|thumb|Anatomiya ee isha oo uu samaystay Hunayn ibn Ishaq, oo mas'uul ka ahaa turjumida Bayt al-Hikma waagii Boqortooyada Ablaasiyiinta, 1200 AD.]]Askartu waxay ka go'een boqortooyadii Ablaasiyiinta waxayna dhiseen khilaafadooda propriyada ah, sida Tulunids oo 868 ku tirsanaa Masar<ref>{{cite book|last=Holt|first=Peter Malcolm|author-link=Peter Holt (historian)|title=The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, 1098–1291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0qLHVGgH7AC&pg=PA8|year=2004|publisher=Pearson Longman|isbn=978-0-582-36931-3|page=6|access-date=2 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo boqortooyada Ghaznavid oo 977 ku tirsanaa Aasiyada Dhexe.<ref>{{cite book |title=Islamic Central Asia: an anthology of historical sources |editor-first1=Scott Cameron |editor-last1=Levi |editor-first2=Ron |editor-last2=Sela |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2010 |page=83}}</ref> Qaybsanaantan waxay keentay Qarnigii Shiicada, oo u dhaxeeyay 945 iyo 1055, oo la arkay kor u kaca dhaqdhaqaaqa Isma'ili Shiicada. Koox Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Fatimid, waxay gacanta ku dhigeen Waqooyiga Afrika qarnigii 10aad<ref>Neue Fischer Weltgeschichte "Islamisierung in Zentralasien bis zur Mongolenzeit" Band 10: Zentralasien, 2012, p. 191 (German)</ref> iyo koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, Qarmatians, waxay boobeen Makka waxayna xadeen Hajar al-Aswad, oo ah dhagaxa ku dhex jira Kacbada, dib-u-jabayntooda aan guulaysan.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Glubb |first=John Bagot |title=Mecca (Saudi Arabia) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mecca#ref887188 |access-date=18 September 2021 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}</ref> Koox kale oo Isma'ili ah, boqortooyada Buyid, waxay qabsadeen Baqdaad waxayna ka dhigeen Ablaasiyiinta boqortooyo magac ah oo kaliya. Boqortooyada Seljuk ee Ahlusunna waxay u dhaqaaqday inay mar kale adkayso Islaamka Ahlusunna iyagoo faafinayay ra'yiyada aqoonyahanada waqtigaas, gaar ahaan dhisidda machadyada waxbarashada ee loo yaqaan Nizamiyyas, oo la xiriira al-Ghazali iyo Saadi Shirazi.<ref>Andreas Graeser ''Zenon von Kition: Positionen u. Probleme'' Walter de Gruyter 1975 {{ISBN|978-3-11-004673-1}} p. 260</ref> Faaftada dunida Muslinka waxay sii socotay iyadoo ergooyinka diinta ay u badaleen Volga Bulgaria Islaamka. Sultanada Delhi waxay gaadhay gudaha qaarad-hoosaadka Hindiya oo kuwo badan ayaa u badalay Islaamka,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=227–228}} gaar ahaan Hinduga heerka hoose ee faracoodu ka kooban yahay inta badan Muslinka Hindiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36220329|title=Why are many Indian Muslims seen as untouchable?|publisher=BBCnews|date=10 May 2016|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Ganacsigu wuxuu keenay Muslin badan oo Shiinaha ah, halkaas oo ay si buuxda u xukumi jireen warshadaha soo dejinta iyo ka deerinta ee boqortooyada Song.<ref>{{cite web |title=Islam in China |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/china_1.shtml |access-date=10 August 2011 |publisher=BBC |url-status=live }}</ref> Muslinka waxaa loo qortay maamulayaal la doortay oo heer sare ah boqortooyada Yuan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lipman|first=Jonathan Newman|title=Familiar Strangers, a history of Muslims in Northwest China|url=https://archive.org/details/familiarstranger0000lipm|location=Seattle, WA|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-295-97644-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/familiarstranger0000lipm/page/33 33]}}</ref> === Casrigii Ka-horreeyay Casriga Cusub (1258 – Qarnigii 18aad) === {{Further|Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam}} [[File:GhazanConversionToIslam.JPG|thumb|Muuqaal qarnigii 14aad ee Ghazan, oo ahaa boqorkii 7aad ee Ilkhanate ee Boqortooyada Mongol, oo Islaamay.]] Pobalka ganacsiga Muslinka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa tariiqooyinka Sufida dhiigooda,{{sfnp|Arnold|1896|pp=125–258}} Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay dhulal cusub<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spread of Islam |url=http://www.yale.edu/yup/pdf/cim6.pdf |access-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Muslinkuna waxay la dhex-galeen dhaqammo cusub. Hoos kaga jirtay Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, Islaamku wuxuu ku faafay Koonfur-bari Yuuroop.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 May 2008 |title=Ottoman Empire |publisher=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&_pos=3 |access-date=26 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 Bisha Shanaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525072847/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1801?_hi=41&_pos=3 }}</ref> Islaamidda inta badan waxay lahayd heer sinkretisam ah,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Islamic and European Expansion |url=https://archive.org/details/islamiceuropeane00adas |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1993 |editor-last=Adas |editor-first=Michael |location=Philadelphia |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamiceuropeane00adas/page/25 25]}}</ref> sida uu muujinayo muuqaalka Muhammad ee suugaanta dadweynaha ee Hinduga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Metcalf |first=Barbara |title=Islam in South Asia in Practice |url=https://archive.org/details/islaminsouthasia0000unse |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2009 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islaminsouthasia0000unse/page/104 104]}}</ref> Turkida Muslinka ah waxay ku dareen walxaha caqiidada Shamanisamka Turkida Islaamka.{{efn|"Sannadaha dhow, fikradda sinkretisamka waa la dhuftay. Maaddaama ay maqan tahay awood lagu go'aamiyo ama lagu tixgeliyo caqiidada Ortodokska ee ku saabsan Islaamka, aqoonyahannada qaarkood waxay ku doodayaan inaysan jirin caqiidooyinka la qresheeyay, oo kaliya ee la amray habka, Islaamka ka hor qarnigii 16aad.{{sfnp|Peacock|2019|p=20–22}}}}{{sfnp|Çakmak|2017|pp=1425–1429}} Muslinka ku jira Boqortooyada Ming ee Shiinaha oo ka soo jeeda soo-galootigii hore waa la la-dhex-galay, mararka qaar shuruuc ku dhiirrigelisa dhex-galka,<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Farmer|editor1-first=Edward L.|title=Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule|date=1995|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004103910|page=82|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCIjZ7l6TX8C&pg=PA82|access-date=19 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> iyagoo qaatay magacyada Shiinaha iyo dhaqanka halka Nanjing uu noqday xarun muhiim ah ee barashada Islaamka.<ref>Israeli, Raphael (2002). ''Islam in China''. p. 292. Lexington Books. {{ISBN|0-7391-0375-X}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dillon |first=Michael |year=1999 |title=China's Muslim Hui Community |publisher=Curzon |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasmuslimhuic00dill |isbn=978-0-7007-1026-3 |page=37 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ndhex-galka dhaqanka wuxuu ahaay mid muuqda iyadoo la yaraysay saamaynta Carabta ka dib burburintii Mongol ee Khilafadii Ablaasiyiinta.<ref>{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=497}}</ref> Khanates-ka Mongol ee Muslinka ah ee ku jira Iiraan iyo Aasiyada Dhexe waxay ka faa'iideysteen kordhinta helitaanka dhaqammada ee Bariga Aasiya oo hoos jirtay xukunkii Mongol sidaas darteed waxay u horumareen oo ay u samaysteen si ka duwan saamaynta Carabta, sida Dib-u-dhalashadii Timurid oo hoos jirtay boqortooyada Timurid.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Subtelny |first=Maria Eva |date=November 1988 |title=Socioeconomic Bases of Cultural Patronage under the Later Timurids |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/socioeconomic-bases-of-cultural-patronage-under-the-later-timurids/2A0F3018EE155F23FC4A7F5F25D7DE6D |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=479–505 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800053861 |s2cid=162411014 |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wuxuu soo bandhigay qaabka xisaabta oo ka dib loo dooday inuu qaatay Copernicus isagoo aan waxba ka badalin qaabkiisa heliocentric-ka,<ref>{{cite web|date=1999|title=Nasir al-Din al-Tusi|publisher=University of St Andrews|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Tusi_Nasir/|access-date=27 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo qiyaasta pi ee Jamshīd al-Kāshī ma aysan dhaafin 180 sano.<ref>{{cite web |date=1999 |title=Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi |publisher=University of St Andrews |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Kashi/ |access-date=29 December 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg|thumb|Mehmed II oo galaya Constantinople.]] Ka dib markii la soo bandhigay hubka baaruda, dawlado waaweyn oo dhawaan xabbada lahaa oo Muslin ah ayaa ku bashqaday boqortooyoyinka baaruda, kuwaas oo hore u kala qaybsanaay dhulal kala duwan. Khilafada waxaa sheegtay boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo sheegashadooda la adkeeyay 1517 markii Selim I uu noqday taliyaha Makka iyo Madiina.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Drews |first=Robert |url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/publications/ |title=Coursebook: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, to the Beginnings of Modern Civilization |date=August 2011 |publisher=Vanderbilt University |chapter=Chapter Thirty – "The Ottoman Empire, Judaism, and Eastern Europe to 1648" |chapter-url=https://my.vanderbilt.edu/robertdrews/files/2014/01/Chapter-Thirty.-The-Ottoman-Empire-Judaism-and-Eastern-Europe-to-1648.pdf |access-date=21 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Boqortooyada Shiicada ee Safavid waxay ku korortay awoodda 1501 ka dibna waxay qabsatay dhammaan Iiraan.<ref>Peter B. Golden: An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples; In: Osman Karatay, Ankara 2002, p. 321</ref> Koonfurta Aasiya, Babur wuxuu aasaasay Boqortooyada Mughal.<ref>{{citation|last=Gilbert|first=Marc Jason|title=South Asia in World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dhKDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75|year=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-066137-3|pages=75|access-date=15 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Diinta dawladaha ku dhex-jira ee boqortooyoyinka baaruda waxay saamaysay dhaqanka diimeed ee dadkooda ku dhex-jira. Wada-noolaanshaha u dhexeeya taliyayaasha Cusmaaniyiinta iyo Sufinimada wuxuu si adag u saameeyay xukunkii Islaamka ee Cusmaaniyiinta tan iyo bilowgii. Tariiqada Mevlevi iyo Bektashis waxay lahaayeen xiriir dhow oo ay la lahaayeen sultannada,<ref>Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 540</ref> maaddaama noocyada Sufi-suufiyada ah iyo kuwo kale oo sinkretik ah ee Islaamka ay u horumareen si muuqata.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Algar |first=Ayla Esen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fc69BhBDjhwC&q=ottomans+sufism |title=The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, Art, and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey |page=15 |date=1 January 1992 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07060-8 |access-date=29 April 2020 |via=Google Books |url-status=live }}</ref> Badanaa qasabka dhex-galka Safavid ee Iiraan ee Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha ee Boqortooyada Safavid wuxuu xaqiijiyay xukunkii dambe ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Shiicada. Soo-galootiga Faarisiga ah ee Koonfurta Aasiya, maaddaama ay ahaayeen maamulayaal saamayntooda leh iyo milkiilayaal dhul, waxay caawiyeen faafinta Islaamka Shiicada, iyagoo dhisay qaar ka mid ah dadka ugu waaweyn ee Shiicada ee ka baxsan Iiraan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/conversion-iii|title=CONVERSION To Imami Shiʿism in India|publisher=Iranica Online|language=English|access-date=6 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Nader Shah, oo riday Safavids, wuxuu isku deyey inuu wanaajiyo xiriirka Ahlusunna ee Cusmaaniyiinta iyadoo la faafinayo dhex-galka Islaamka Shiicada ee Labada-iyo-tobanlaha dhexdiisa Islaamka Ahlusunna sida madhabka shanaad, oo loo yaqaan Ja'farism,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Nadir Shah and the Ja 'fari Madhhab Reconsidered |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=27 |issue=1–4 |date=1994 |pages=163–179 |doi=10.1080/00210869408701825 |jstor=4310891}}</ref> oo ku dhiirran waayay inuu helo aqoonsi ka soo baxa Cusmaaniyiinta.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Nāder Shāh |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nader-shah |date=29 March 2006 |first=Ernest |last=Tucker |access-date=9 March 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Casrigii Casriga Ahaa (Qarniyadii 18aad–20aad) === [[File:Portrait Caliph Abdulmecid II.jpg|thumb|Sawirka Khaliifkii ugu dambeeyay Abdülmecid II, ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta, 1923.]] Horey qarnigii 14aad, Ibn Taymiyya wuxuu dhiirrigeliyay qaab daahir ah oo Islaamka ah, isagoo diaday hababka falsafada si uu u doorbido fiqhiga fudud,<ref name="ReferenceA">Mary Hawkesworth, Maurice Kogan ''Encyclopedia of Government and Politics: 2-volume set'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-1-136-91332-7}} pp. 270–271</ref> wuxuuna ugu baaqay in loo furo albaabada ijtihadka halkii indho la'aan loogu dayan lahaa aqoonyahannada.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=150}} Wuxuu ugu baaqay jihad ka dhan ah kuwa uu u tixgeliyay gaalo,{{Refn|group=note|Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} p. 6}} laakiin qoraalladiisu waxay lahaayeen oo kaliya doorkii ugu yaraa intii uu babacayay.{{Refn|group=note|Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri. SUNY Press. pp. 129–130.}} Qarnigii 18aad ee Carabiya, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, oo ay saameeyeen shaqooyinka Ibn Taymiyya iyo Ibn al-Qayyim, wuxuu aasaasay dhaqdhaqaaq loo yaqaan Wahhabism si loo laabto waxa uu u arkay Islaamka aan la badalin.<ref>Donald Quataert ''The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-83910-5}} p. 50</ref> Wuxuu cambaareeyay caadooyinka badan ee maxalliga ah ee Islaamka, sida bisitaynta qabriga Muhammad ama Imamyada Shiicada, maaddaama ay yihiin bidco cusub iyo dambi<ref name="ReferenceE">Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'' Infobase Publishing 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-4381-1025-7}} p. 260</ref> wuxuuna burburiyay dhagaxyada iyo geedaha xurmada leh, goobaha Sufida, Qabuuraha al-Baqi, qabuuraha Muhammad iyo asxaabtiisa iyo Qabriga Imam Husayn, oo ah goob muhiim ah oo loo bisiteeyo Shiicada.{{Refn|group=note|Graves desecrated in Mizdah, Libya Herald, 2013}}{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=146}} Wuxuu dhisay isbahaysi uu la leeyahay qoyska Saud, oo marka la joogo 1920-yadii ay dhammaystireen qabsashadooda dhulka noqon doona Sacuudi Carabiya.<ref name="Musa-2022">{{Cite thesis |title=The Emergence of a Scholar from a Garrison Society: A contextual analysis of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhāb's doctrine in the light of the Qur'ān and Hadīth |url=https://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/id/eprint/2096/ |publisher=University of Wales Trinity Saint David |date=2022-08-23 |degree=masters |language=en |first=Shahajada Md |last=Musa |access-date=19 December 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Nicolas Laos ''The Metaphysics of World Order: A Synthesis of Philosophy, Theology, and Politics'' Wipf and Stock Publishers 2015 {{ISBN|978-1-4982-0102-5}} p. 177</ref> Ma Wanfu iyo Ma Debao waxay dhiirrigeliyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa salafida qarnigii 19aad sida Sailaifengye ee Shiinaha ka dib markii ay ka soo laabteen Makka laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa dhibay oo lagu qasbay inay dhuuntaan kooxaha Sufida.<ref>{{cite book|first=Barry M.|last=Rubin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA79|page=79|title=Guide to Islamist Movements|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=0-7656-1747-1|access-date=28 June 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Kooxaha kale waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Sufinimada halkii ay ka diadi lahaayeen, iyagoo Senusiyya iyo Muhammad Ahmad ay labadooduba dagaallameen oo ay dhiseen dawlado ku kala yaalla Liibiya iyo Sudaan.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=147}} Hindiya, Shah Waliullah Dehlawi wuxuu isku deyey qaab dib u heshiisiin ah oo ka dhan ah Sufinimada wuxuuna saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=149}} Jawaab ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqa Deobandi, dhaqdhaqaaqa Barelwi waxaa loo aasaasay sida dhaqdhaqaaq dadweyne, iyadoo la difaacaayay Sufinimada caanka ah oo la dib u habaynayay dhaqankeeda.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Canfield |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3JhKNSk8tQC&pg=PAPA131 |title=Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52291-5 |pages=131– |access-date=1 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanyal |first=Usha |date=23 July 1998 |title=Generational Changes in the Leadership of the Ahl-e Sunnat Movement in North India during the twentieth Century |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/generational-changes-in-the-leadership-of-the-ahle-sunnat-movement-in-north-india-during-the-twentieth-century/8AAAC4CFEFC4F4084731C3964A5CAE84 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=635–656 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X98003059 |via=Cambridge Core |access-date=23 February 2020 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[File:Interior of Al Aqsa Mosque Jerusalem. 1900-1910 (id.22715311).jpg|thumb|Sannadkii 1969 Dabka Masjidka Al-Aqsa, oo sidoo cuali burburiyay Minbarkii Saladin, wuxuu keenay ver-xaasidnimo taabtay dunida Muslinka wuxuuna ahaa kicin muhiim ah oo loo aasaasay Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka.]] Dunida Muslinka waxay guud ahaan ku jirtay hoos u dhac siyaasadeed markii ay bilaabatay 1800-yadii, gaar ahaan marka la barbardhigo awoodaha Yuuroop ee aan Muslinka ahayn. Horey, qarnigii 15aad, Reconquista waxay ku guuleysatay inay dhameeyo joogitaanka Muslinka ee Iberia. Marka la joogo qarnigii 19aad, British East India Company waxay si rasmi ah u qabsatay boqortooyada Mughal ee Hindiya.{{sfnp|Lapidus|2002|pp=358, 378–380, 624}} Sida jawaab ka dhan ah Imperialisamka Reer Galbeedka, aqoonyahanno badan waxay isku deyeyeen inay dib u habayn ku samayso Islaamka.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Buzpinar |first=Ş. Tufan |date=March 2007 |title=Celal Nuri's Concepts of Westernization and Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-eastern-studies_2007-03_43_2/page/247 |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.1080/00263200601114091 |jstor=4284539|s2cid=144461915 }}</ref> Casriyeynta Islaamka, oo markii hore loo bixiyay aqoonyahannada Reer Galbeedka sida Salafiyya, waxay soo dhoweysay qiimayaasha casriga ah iyo machadyada sida demokaraasiyada iyadoo la raacaayo qoraallada diinta. Hogaamiyayaasha muhiimka ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa waxaa ka mid ah Muhammad 'Abduh iyo Jamal al-Din al-Afghani.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|pages=231–232}}</ref> Abul A'la Maududi wuxuu caawiyay saamaynta Islaamka siyaasadeed ee casriga ah.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 January 2014 |title=Political Islam: A movement in motion |work=Economist Magazine |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2014/01/political-islam |access-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Wilfred Cantwell |title=Islam in Modern History |url=https://archive.org/details/islaminmodernhis0000smit_l6u5 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1957 |isbn=0-691-03030-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islaminmodernhis0000smit_l6u5/page/233 233] |author-link=Wilfred Cantwell Smith}}</ref> Sida ku dhow qaanuunka casriga ah, shariicada markii ugu horreysay ayaa qayb ahaan loo qoray shaqo ahaan sannadkii 1869 ku dhex-jirtay koodka Mecelle ee Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta. Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta waxay dissilftay ka dib Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Dunida, Khilafadii Cusmaaniyiinta waa la joojiyay 1924<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June – 5 July 2000 |title=New Turkey |work=Al-Ahram Weekly |issue=488 |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=16 May 2010 |archive-date=4 Bisha Tobnaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004145229/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/488/chrncls.htm }}</ref> iyo Khilafadii Sharifian ee ka dib waxay u dhacday si doob ah,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=الوطن |first1=جريدة |last2=webmaster |date=2020-05-05 |title="مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح |url=https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=جريدة الوطن |language=ar |url-status=dead |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516230552/https://www.al-watan.com/article/230610/NEWS/%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%C2%BB-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bani Issa |first=Mohammad Saleh |date=2023-11-01 |title=Factors of stability and sustainable development in Jordan in its first centenary 1921–2021 (an analytical descriptive study) |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=11 |article-number=e20993 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20993 |issn=2405-8440 |doi-access=free|pmid=37928029 |pmc=10623165 |bibcode=2023Heliy...920993B }}</ref> sidaas darteed iyadoo ka tagaysa Islaamka oo aan lahayn Khaliif.<ref name="والخلفاء-2023">{{Cite book |last=والخلفاء |first=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r-5EAAAQBAJ |title=قصص الخلافة الإسلامية والخلفاء |date=2023-03-31 |publisher=Austin Macauley Publishers |isbn=978-1-3984-9251-6 |language=en |access-date=26 December 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> Taageerayaasha Mideynta Islaamka waxay isku deyeyeen inay mideeyaan Muslinka waxayna tartan la galeen awoodaha qarannimada ee korayay, sida Pan-Arabisamka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Doran |first=Michael |title=Pan-Arabism before Nasser: Egyptian power politics and the Palestine question |url=https://archive.org/details/panarabismbefore00dora |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford university press |isbn=978-0-19-512361-6 |series=Studies in Middle Eastern history |location=New York Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Landau |first=Yaʿaqov M. |title=The politics of Pan-Islam: ideology and organization |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofpanisl0000land |date=1994 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-827709-5 |edition=[Rev. and updated] paperback (with additions and corr.) |location=Oxford}}</ref> Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka (OIC), oo ka kooban waddamada Muslinka ah, waxaa la aasaasay 1969 ka dib gubiddii Masjidka Al-Aqsa ee Qudus.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 December 2010 |title=Organization of the Islamic Conference |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1555062.stm |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Xiriirka la la leeyahay waddamada warshadaha leh wuxuu keenay dadka Muslinka ah dhulal cusub iyada oo loo marayo u-guuritaanka dhaqaalaha. Muslin badan ayaa u guuray sida shaqaale heshiis ku jooga (u badan oo ka yimid Hindiya iyo Indoneesiya) Karibiyaanka, iyagoo dhisay dadka ugu waaweyn ee Muslinka ah inta la joogo boqolkiiba ee Ameerika.<ref>{{sfnp|Haddad|Smith|2002|p=271}}</ref> U-guuritaanka ka yimid Siiriya iyo Lubnaan wuxuu ku soo kordhiyay dadka Muslinka ah ee Laatiin Ameerika.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zabel|first=Darcy|title=Arabs in the Americas: Interdisciplinary Essays on the Arab Diaspora|url=https://archive.org/details/arabsinamericasi0000unse|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2006|isbn=9780820481111|location=Austria|page=[https://archive.org/details/arabsinamericasi0000unse/page/5 5]}}</ref> Natiijadii magaalooyinka iyo kordhinta ganacsiga ee Afrika ka hooseysa Saxara waxay keentay Muslinka inay degaan dhulal cusub oo ay faafiyaan diintooda, iyadoo lagu qiyaasay inay laba-laabatay dadkeeda Muslinka ah u dhaxeysa 1869 iyo 1914.<ref>{{harvp|Bulliet|2005|p=722}}</ref> === Casrigii ee Horumarsanaa (Qarnigii 20aad–Ilaa Hada) === [[File:13. Session of the Islamic Summit Conference.jpg|thumb|Hoggaamiyeyaasha dalalka Islaamka intii uu socday kalfadhigii 2016 ee Shirka Iskaashiga Islaamka ee Istambul, Turkiga. Trikiiba saddex sano, OIC waxay isku brings dhammaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Muslinka.|upright=1.35]] Aabbayaashii casriyeynta Islaamka waxay saameeyeen dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka sida Ikhwaanul Muslimeen iyo xisbiyada la xiriira ee dunida Carabta,<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2011 |title=Are secular forces being squeezed out of Arab Spring? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14447820 |access-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=23 December 2008 |title=Jordanian students rebel, embracing conservative Islam |work=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/world/middleeast/24jordan.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> kuwaas oo si wanaagsan uga dhex muuqday doorashooyinkii ka dambeeyay Guudkii Carabta,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kirkpatrick |first=David D. |date=3 December 2011 |title=Egypt's vote puts emphasis on split over religious rule |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/world/middleeast/egypts-vote-propels-islamic-law-into-spotlight.html |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Jamaat-e-Islami ee Koonfurta Aasiya iyo Xisbiga Caddaaladda iyo Horumarinta (AK Party), oo si kemokaraasi ah xukuma Turkiga tobanaan sano. Iiraan, Kacdoonkii Iiraan wuxuu beddelay boqortooyadii laimaaniyadda ee Reer Galbeedku taageerayay iyadoo la dhisay Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah. Kuwa kale sida Sayyid Rashid Rida waxay ka go'een casriyeeyayaasha Islaamka<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lauziere|first=Henri|title=The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-231-17550-0|location=New York, Chichester, West Sussex|page=237|quote="Prior to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, leading reformers who happened to be Salafi in creed were surprisingly open-minded: although they adhered to neo-Hanbali theology. However, the aftermath of the First World War and the expansion of European colonialism paved the way for a series of shifts in thought and attitude. The experiences of Rida offer many examples... he turned against the Shi'is who dared, with reason, to express doubts about the Saudi-Wahhabi project... . Shi'is were not the only victims: Rida and his associates showed their readiness to turn against fellow Salafis who questioned some of the Wahhabis' religious interpretations."}}</ref> waxayna ka hortageen soo dhowaynta waxa uu u arkayay saamaynta Reer Galbeedka.<ref>{{Cite book|last=G. Rabil|first=Robert|title=Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism|url=https://archive.org/details/salafisminlebano0000rabi|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-62616-116-0|location=Washington DC, US|pages=[https://archive.org/details/salafisminlebano0000rabi/page/n47 32]–33|quote="Western colonialists established in these countries political orders... that, even though not professing enmity to Islam and its institutions, left no role for Islam in society. This caused a crisis among Muslim reformists, who felt betrayed not only by the West but also by those nationalists, many of whom were brought to power by the West... Nothing reflects this crisis more than the ideological transformation of Rashid Rida (1865–1935)... He also revived the works of Ibn Taymiyah by publishing his writings and promoting his ideas. Subsequently, taking note of the cataclysmic events brought about by Western policies in the Muslim world and shocked by the abolition of the caliphate, he transformed into a Muslim intellectual mostly concerned about protecting Muslim culture, identity, and politics from Western influence. He supported a theory that essentially emphasized the necessity of an Islamic state in which the scholars of Islam would have a leading role... Rida was a forerunner of Islamist thought. He apparently intended to provide a theoretical platform for a modern Islamic state. His ideas were later incorporated into the works of Islamic scholars. Significantly, his ideas influenced none other than Hassan al-Bannah, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt... The Muslim Brethren have taken up Rida's Islamic fundamentalism, a right-wing radical movement founded in 1928,.."}}</ref> Kooxda ISIS waxay xitaa isku deyday inay dib u samayso diinaarkii dahabka ahaa ee casriga ahaa si uu u noqdo pambakooda lacagta. Halka kuwii ka go'ay ay qaarkood ahaayeen kuwa ka gaabsada siyaasadda, kuwo kale waxay rumechsanaayeen dhibaataynta kuwa ka soo horjeeda, xitaa Muslinka kale.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins |title=Isis to mint own Islamic dinar coins in gold, silver and copper |work=The Guardian |date=21 November 2014 |access-date=31 July 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ka hortagga dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadda Islaamka, qarnigii 20aad ee Turkiga, ciidanku waxay sameeyeen afgembiyo si ay xukuumadaha Islaamiga ah uga tuuraan xukanka, sidoo kale xijabka ayaa si sharci ah loo xaddiday, sida ay sidoo kale ka dhacday Tuniisiya.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 April 2011 |title=Huge rally for Turkish secularism |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6604643.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saleh |first=Heba |date=15 October 2011 |title=Tunisia moves against headscarves |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6053380.stm |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dhulalka kale, awoodda diinta ayaa la maamulay iyada oo hadda loo arko puppeto oo ay dawladdu maamusho. Tusaale ahaan, Sacuudi Carabiya, dawladdu waxay keligeed maamushay aqoonta diinta<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 2007 |title=Laying down the law: Islam's authority deficit |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2007/06/28/islams-authority-deficit |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo Masar, dawladdu waxay qarameysay Jaamacadda Al-Azhar, oo hore u ahayd igo madax-bannaan oo xaddida awoodda dawladda.<ref>{{cite book| title = The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought| url = https://archive.org/details/princetonencyclo0000unse| last1 = Bowering | first1 = Gerhard | last2=Mirza |first2=Mahan |last3=Crone |first3=Patricia| year = 2013 | publisher = Princeton University Press | page=[https://archive.org/details/princetonencyclo0000unse/page/59 59]| isbn = 9780691134840 }}</ref> Salafiyada waxaa dhaqaale lagu siiyay Bariga Dhexe sababtoo ah ka gaabsashadeeda siyaasadda.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 October 2008 |title=Ultraconservative Islam on rise in Mideast |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna27256187 |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=MSNBC |url-status=live }}</ref> Sacuudi Carabiya waxay ololayso ka dhan ah dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiga ah ee kacdoonka ah ee Bariga Dhexe, iyadoo ka soo horjeedda Iiraan.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Almukhtar |first1=Sarah |last2=Peçanha |first2=Sergio |last3=Wallace |first3=Tim |date=5 January 2016 |title=Behind Stark Political Divisions, a More Complex Map of Sunnis and Shiites |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/sunni-shiite-map-middle-east-iran-saudi-arabia.html |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tiro yar oo Muslin ah oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha kala duwan ayaa loo dhibay sida koox diimeed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thames |first1=Knox |title=Why the Persecution of Muslims Should Be on Biden's Agenda |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/muslims-islam-china-india-myanmar-persecution-repression-biden-human-rights/ |work=Foreign Policy Magazine |date=6 January 2021 |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Tan waxaa sameeyay xoogagga shuuciga ah sida Khmer Rouge, kuwaas oo u arkayay inay yihiin armigooda koowaad ee la cirbootinayo maaddaama dhaqankooda diimeed uu ka dhigay kuwa ka dhex muuqda dadka kale,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Perrin |first=Andrew |date=10 October 2003 |title=Weakness in numbers |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/archive/6894001/weakness-in-numbers/ |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-access=subscription |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 Bisha Shanaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509202600/https://time.com/archive/6894001/weakness-in-numbers/ }}</ref> Xisbiga Shuuciga Shiinaha ee Xinjiang<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beydoun |first1=Khaled A. |title=For China, Islam is a 'mental illness' that needs to be 'cured' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/china-islam-mental-illness-cured-181127135358356.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=English |access-date=5 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo xoogagga qarannimada sida intii uu socday xasuuqii Bosniya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mojzes |first=Paul |title=Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/balkangenocidesh0000mojz |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4422-0663-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/balkangenocidesh0000mojz/page/178 178]}}</ref> Ciidanka Miyanmaar ee Tatmadaw oo bartilmaameedsanayay Muslinka Rohingya waxaa loogu yeeray dambi ka dhan ah aadamnimada ay sameeyeen Qaraamada Midoobay iyo Amnesty International,<ref>{{cite news |author=Oliver Holmes |date=19 December 2016 |title=Myanmar's Rohingya campaign 'may be crime against humanity' |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/19/myanmars-rohingya-campaign-may-be-against-humanity |url-status=live |access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 December 2016|title=Rohingya abuse may be crimes against humanity: Amnesty|website=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/19/rohingya-abuse-may-be-crimes-against-humanity-amnesty/|access-date=2023-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref> halka Xafiiska Qaraamada Midoobay ee Wakiilka Sare ee Xaqiiqo-raadinta uu ka helay xasuuq, sifeyn qowmiyadeed, iyo dambiyo kale oo ka dhan ah aadamnimada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/MyanmarFFM/Pages/ReportoftheMyanmarFFM.aspx|title=Report of Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar |date=27 August 2018|website=ohchr.org|access-date=14 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Horumarka isgaarsiinta dunida wuxuu teshay faafinta ballaaran ee aqoonta diinta. Qaadashada xijabka waxay noqotay mid ka sii badan<ref>{{Cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=28 January 2007 |title=In Egypt, a new battle begins over the veil |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28slackman.html |access-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo aqoonyahanno badan oo Muslin ah waxay si kordhayay isku deyayaan inay ka soocaan caqiidooyinka diinta Islaamka iyo dhaqammada caadiga ah.{{sfnp|Nigosian|2004|p=41}} Kooxaha kale dhexdiisa, helitaanka macluumaadka wuxuu keenay kordhinta wacdiyayaasha "televangelist" ee caanka ah, sida Amr Khaled, kuwaas oo kula tartama culumada caadiga ah gaaritaankooda oo ay ka dhigeen awoodda diinta mid aan hal xarun ku dhuftayn.{{sfnp|Esposito|2010|p=263}} Sharraxaadaha "gaarka ah" ee Islaamka<ref>V. Šisler: ''The Internet and the Construction of Islamic Knowledge in Europe'' p. 212</ref> waxay si muuqata u dhex-galaan Muslinka Liberaalka ah oo isku deyaya inay waafajiyaan dhaqammada diinta iyo xukunkii laimaaniyadda ee casriga ah,{{sfnp|Esposito|2004|pp=118–119, 179}}{{sfnp|Rippin|2001|p=288}} hab ka mid ah kuwa ay dhaleeceeyeen qaarkood oo ku saabsan waafaqsanaantiisa.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Adams, Charles J.|editor1-last=Esposito|editor1-first=John L.|title=Voices of Resurgent Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen|url-access=registration|date=1983|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/voicesofresurgen00hcen/page/113 113–4] |chapter=Maududi and the Islamic State|quote=[Maududi believed that] when religion is relegated to the personal realm, men inevitably give way to their bestial impulses and perpetrate evil upon one another. In fact it is precisely because they wish to escape the restraints of morality and the divine guidance that men espouse secularism.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Meisami|first=Sayeh|date=2013|title='Abdolkarim Soroush |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0034.xml|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-12 |website=Oxford Bibliographies|language=en}}</ref> Sidoo kale, laimaaniyaddu waxaa loo arkaa fikrad shisheeye oo ay ku soo impose gareeyeen qabsadayaashii oo ay adkeeyeen maamulayaasha ka dambeeyay gumeysiga,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Secularism, State Neutrality, and Islam|author=Abdullah Saeed|encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Secularism|editor1=Phil Zuckerman|editor2=John R. Shook |url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/abstract/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199988457-e-12|year=2017|page=188 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.12|isbn=978-0-19-998845-7|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> oo inta badan loo fahmo inay u dhiganto ka-horjeedda diinta.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Nader Hashemi|title=Secularism|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0714|access-date=7 August 2023|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> == Tirada Dadka == {{Main|Dunida Muslinka|Ummah}} {{See also|Islaamka waddan ahaan|Koraanka dadka Muslinka ah}} [[File:2020+ Proportion of people in world religions.svg |thumb|Boqolkiiba inta qof ee diimaha dunida. Muslinku waxay ka yihiin dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, taas oo ah tiro yar oo ka hooseysa Masiixiyiinta.<ref name=Pew_20250609>{{cite web |last1=Hackett |first1=Conrad |last2=Stonawski |first2=Marcin |last3=Tong |first3=Yunping |last4=Kramer |first4=Stephanie |last5=Shi |first5=Anne |last6=Fahmy |first6=Dalia |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |publisher=Pew Research Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222070137/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |archive-date=22 February 2026 |date=9 June 2025 |url-status=live |quote=Source: Pew Research Center estimates based on more than 2,700 censuses and surveys. "How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020"}}</ref>]] Marka la joogo 2020, dhawaan 25.6% dadka dunida, ama dhawaan 2&nbsp;bilyan oo qof, waa Muslin.<ref name="pewresearch.orgReligion">{{Cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |date=21 December 2022 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128120036/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/interactives/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2050/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.pewresearch.org-2022">{{Cite web |date=21 December 2022 |title=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205195540/https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/religion/religious-demographics/pew-templeton-global-religious-futures-project/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|date=27 January 2011|access-date=26 October 2022|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930233955/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | title=Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world | date=9 August 2017 | access-date=19 December 2022 | archive-date=8 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108121140/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Pew-Growth-2017">{{cite web |last1=Lipka |first1=Michael |last2=Hackett |first2=Conrad |author-link2=Conrad Hackett |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514123559/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |archive-date=2019-05-14 |website=Fact Tank |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=2017-04-06 |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref> Sannadkii 1900, qiyaastani waxay ahayd 12.3%,<ref name="Barrett-2001">{{cite book |last1=Barrett |first1=David B. |last2=Kurian |first2=George T. |last3=Johnson |first3=Todd M. |title=World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World |volume=1: The World by Countries: Religionists, Churches, Ministries |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |page=4 |isbn=978-0195079630 |language=en}}</ref> sannadkii 1990 waxay ahayd 19.9%<ref name="Pew Research Center-2011">{{Cite report |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> iyada oo saadaalintu ay muujinayso in heerku noqon doono 29.7% marka la joogo 2050.{{rp|8}} Ugu kooban uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020 waxay heshay in dadka Muslinka ah ee dunidu ay ahaayeen kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badnayd tobankii sano, inta badan sababtoo ah Muslinku waxay u janjeeraan inay ku yar yihiin da'da oo ay leeyihiin heer dhalmo oo sarreeya—laba walxood oo muhiim ah oo kexeeya koraanka caadiga ah ee dadka.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |page=9|quote=Increases in the global Muslim population are largely due to Muslims having a relatively young age structure and high fertility rate, two characteristics that result in natural population growth.}}</ref>{{rp|9}} Sida ku xuso qiyaasta dadka ee 2020, 65% dadka Muslinka ah waxay ku dhex jiraan toban waddan, iyada oo dadka ugu waaweyni ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, Bangaladeesh, Nayjeeriya, Masar, Iiraan, Turkiga, Sudaan, iyo Aljeeriya, marka loo eego sida ay u kala hooseeyaan. Indoneesiya waxay xarun u tahay ka badan 230,000,000 oo Muslin ah, Bakistaan ka badan 220,000,000, Hindiya ka badan 210,000,000, Bangaladeesh ka badan 150,000,000, Nayjeeriya ka badan 110,000,000, Masar ka badan 100,000,000, Iiraan iyo Turkiga midkiiba ka badan 80,000,000, iyo Sudaan iyo Aljeeriya midkiiba ka badan 40,000,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/muslim-population-change/|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020: 3. Muslim population change|date=9 June 2025|access-date=12 February 2026|website=Pew Research Center}}</ref>[[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Boqolkiiba Muslinka ee dunida waddan ahaan.<ref name="pew2015" />]]Sida ku xuso warbixin ay soo saartay CNN, "Islaamku wuxuu soo jiitay dad soo Islaamay oo ka soo jeeda dhammaan heerarka nolosha, gaar ahaan Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika".<ref>{{cite news |title=Fast-growing Islam winning converts in Western world |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |access-date=6 May 2016 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015114027/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/14/egypt.islam/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ingiriiska, dhawaan 6,000 oo qof ayaa soo Islaama sannad walba, iyada oo sida ku xuso maqaal ku jira British Muslims Monthly Survey, badanka dadka cusub ee soo Islaama ee Ingiriiska ay ahaayeen dumarka.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |title=British Muslims Monthly Survey for June 2000, Vol. VIII, No. 6 |at=Women convert |access-date=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2008-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214160750/http://artsweb.bham.ac.uk/bmms/2000/06June00.asp#Women%20convert |url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ku xuso The Huffington Post, "ilaaliyayaashu waxay qiyaasayaan in illaa 20,000 oo Ameerikan ah ay soo Islaamaan sannad walba", badankoodu ay yihiin dumarka iyo Muslinka Ameerikanka ka soo jeeda Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-24 |title=Conversion To Islam One Result Of Post-9/11 Curiosity |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=HuffPost |language=en |archive-date=2021-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111201117/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post-911-islam-converts_n_935572 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author-first=Julie |author-last=Bindel |author-link=Julie Bindel |title=Why do Western Women Convert? |url=http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |access-date=8 May 2016 |work=Standpoint |date=26 April 2010 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102003/http://standpointmag.co.uk/features-may-10-why-do-western-women-convert-julie-bindel-islam-female-conversion |url-status=live}}</ref> Sidoo kale boqolkiiba iyo tirada guud ahaan, Islaamku waa kooxda diimeed ee ugu koraanka badan dunida, iyadoo la saadaalinayo inay noqoto ta ugu weyn dunida dhamaadka qarniga 21aad, iyadoo ka badanaysa Masiixiyada. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in marka la joogo 2050, tirada Muslinka ay u dhowaan doonto tirada Masiixiyiinta ee dunida, "sababtoo ah da'da yar iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka marka loo barbardhigo kooxaha kale ee diimaha."{{rp|70}} === Xituunta Pew Research === Dhawaan 49 waddan ayaa ah kuwo dadka ugu badan ee ku nooli ay Muslin yihiin,{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|p=11}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ba-Yunus |first1=Ilyas |title=Muslims in the United States |last2=Kone, Kassim |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu/page/n186 172] |url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsunitedsta00bayu |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-313-32825-1}}</ref><ref name="Pew-Landscape-2012">{{cite report |author=The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life |title=The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010 |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323215026/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-23 |date=December 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Islam in Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia/ |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=Anadolu News Agency |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024349/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/features/2018/3/7/islam-in-russia |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Book review: Russia's Muslim Heartlands reveals diverse population |date=21 April 2018 |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |work=The National |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210257/https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/book-review-russia-s-muslim-heartlands-reveals-diverse-population-1.723230 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyada oo 62% Muslinka dunidu ay ku nool yihiin Aasiya, halka 683 milyan oo taabacsan ay ku nool yihiin Indoneesiya, Bakistaan, Hindiya, iyo Bangaladeesh keligood.<ref name="Pew-Projections-2050">{{cite web |title=10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207115222/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |archive-date=2017-02-07 |website=Pew Research Center |publisher=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life |date=2015-04-02 |type=Projections table |access-date=2026-03-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Secrets of Islam |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |website=U.S. News & World Report |archive-date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122200555/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/graphics/religion/islams_global_reach.htm |url-status=live }} Information provided by the International Population Center, Department of Geography, San Diego State University (2005).</ref>{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|pp=15, 17}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pechilis |first1=Karen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |title=South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today |last2=Raj |first2=Selva J. |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-44851-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&pg=PA193 193] |access-date=3 May 2019 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024331/https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C |url-status=live }}</ref> Muslinka Carabta ah waxay samayeeyaan kooxda qowmiyadeed ee ugu weyn Muslinka dhexdeeda ee dunida,<ref name="Nydell-2005">{{cite book |last=Nydell |first=Margaret Kleffner |title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times |edition=4th |location=Yarmouth, Maine |publisher=Intercultural Press |year=2005 |pages=xxiii, 14 |isbn=978-1931930253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024737/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC |archive-date=2023-12-28 |language=en}}</ref> waxaa ku xiga Bangaaliyiinta<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Eaton|editor=Barbara D. Metcalf|title=Islam in South Asia in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C|date=8 September 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-3138-8|page=275|chapter=Forest Clearing and the Growth of Islam in Bengal}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&pg=PA50 |title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics |author1=Meghna Guhathakurta |author2=Willem van Schendel |page=50 |date=30 April 2013 |publisher=Duke University Press |access-date=7 November 2016 |isbn=978-0822353188 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707092408/https://books.google.com/books?id=haGORCJRlOUC&pg=PA50 |url-status=live }}</ref> iyo Bunjaabiinta.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|page=1|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}.</ref> Qiyaasaha badankood waxay muujinayaan in Shiinaha ay ku nool yihiin dhawaan 20 illaa 30 milyan oo Muslin ah (1.5% illaa 2% dadka waddanka).<ref>{{cite web |work=The World Factbook |title=Explore All Countries – China |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |access-date=15 September 2009 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=13 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213122152/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=China (includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet) |website=Archived Content |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |access-date=24 September 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710075050/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Islaamka ka jira Yurub waa diinta labaad ee ugu weyn Masiixiyadda ka dib waddamo badan dhexdeeda, iyada oo heerarka koraanka ay inta badan ku yimaadaan soogalootiga iyo heerka dhalmo ee sarreeya ee Muslinka ee 2005,<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 December 2005 |title=Muslims in Europe: Country guide |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |access-date=1 April 2010 |archive-date=29 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929213440/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> taas oo samaynaysay 4.9% dhammaan dadka Yurub ee 2016.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe|date=November 29, 2017|work=Pew Research Center|first=Conrad|last=Hackett|access-date=17 January 2023|archive-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105202657/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ku xuso Xituunta Pew Research, soo Islaamidda ma laha saameyn weyn oo saafi ah oo ku saabsan koraanka dadka Muslinka ah maadaama "tirada dadka ku soo Islaama diinta ay u dhowdahay inay la mid tahay tirada Muslinka ah ee ka baxda diinta."<ref>{{Cite report |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |section=Conversion |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |section-url=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors/#conversion |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |quote=there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the faith |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211126/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bagse, Islaamku wuxuu ka helayaa faa'iido yar oo ah 3 milyan oo qof marka loo eego isbeddelka diimaha u dhexeya 2010 iyo 2050, inta badan ka timaada Afrika Sub-Sahara (2.9 milyan).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|title=Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 2010–2050, p.43|access-date=4 May 2016|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150429153811/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2015/03/PF_15.04.02_ProjectionsFullReport.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|title=The Changing Global Religious Landscape|work=Pew Research Center|date=5 April 2017|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218030628/https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ku xuso uturjumaadda Pew ee 2020, dhawaan 1% dadka waaweyn ee ku soo koray Muslimnimada ayaa ka baxa diinta, halka boqolkiiba la mid ah —dhawaan 1%— ay ka soo Islaamaan diimaha kale, taas oo keenta heer hoose oo isbeddel diimeed ah oo soo gala ama ka baxa Islaamka.<ref name="pew2029">{{Cite web |author1=Conrad Hackett|author2=Marcin Stonawski|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US|page=39|quote=Muslims and Hindus have been the least likely to gain or lose adherents from religious switching. About one in every 100 adults raised Muslim (or Hindu) has left their childhood religion, and a similar number from a different religious category have switched into Islam (or Hinduism).}}</ref> Mutaaniqada Islaamka ka baxday waxay u janjeeraan inay u wareegaan diin kale halkii ay ka noqon lahaayeen kuwo aan diin lahayn. == Qaybaha Waaweyn == {{Main|Xiriirka Shiicada iyo Sunnada|Qadiir Khum|Saqiifa|Ciidul Qadiir}} === Matalaadda Qadiir Khum iyo Saqiifa === [[File:Chronology of Ancient Nations, f.162r miniature.jpg|thumb|Magacaabiddii Cali uu Muxammad ku magacaabay Qadiir Khum, 1307 AD fardawsa Ilkhanid.]] Tukhtaan muhiim ah ayaa ka dhacay 632 ee Qadiir Khum, halkaas oo Muxammad, obo yar ka hor dhimashadiisa, uu gacanta ku qabtay Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, uu ka jeediyay khudbad uu ku yiri "Kii aan ahay ''mowlahiisa'', Cali waa ''mowlahiisa''."<ref>{{cite book |title=The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam |author-first=Maria Massi |author-last=Dakake |year=2007 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791470336 |author-link=Maria Massi Dakake}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Veccia Vaglieri|first=L.|date=2012|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|section=G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm|publisher=Brill|access-date=July 14, 2023|isbn=9789004161214|archive-date=14 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714174420/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_2439|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfnp|Campo|2009|pp=257–258}} Ereyga mowla wuxuu leeyahay macnayaal kala duwan oo ku xiran xaaladda, oo ay ku jiraan sayid, ilaaliye, xulafo, taageere, iyo mid awood leh. Shiicada dhexdeeda, waxaa loo fahmaa magacaabidda rasmiga ah ee Muxammad uu Cali uga dhigay beddelkiisa. Sunnadu sidoo kale waxay aqbashaa in tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum uu dhacay iyadoo Muxammad uu yiri hadalkaas ku saabsan Cali. Bagse, uma tarjumaan hadalka inuu yahay magacaabidda Cali ee beddelka Muxammad. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay u tarjumaan ereyga mowla xaaladdan inuu u muuqdo saaxiib dhow, taageere, ama mid mudan daacadnimo iyo kalsooni. Sidaas darteed, waxay u arkaan bayaanka inuu yahay caddayn ah xushmadda Muxammad uu u hayay Cali, iyagoo hoos u dhigaya muhiimadda tukhtaanka. Kalfadhigii Saqiifa wuxuu dhacay obo yar ka dib dhimashadii Muxammad ee 632, halkaas oo Abu Bakar looga doortay beddelkiisa oo uu ku noqday Khaliifkii koowaad. Saqiifa waxay ka mid tahay tukhtaannada ugu muranka badan Islaamka, sababtoo ah ka saarida tiro badan oo ka mid ah Saxaabada Muxammad, oo ay ku jiraan Ahlul Bayt iyo gaar ahaan Cali. Cali iyo tiro badan oo ka mid ah qoyska Muxammad waxay weli ku jireen aasitaanka nabiga markii uu tukhtaanku dhacayay.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |doi-access=free |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |eissn=1477-4585 |issn=0002-7189 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the "lord" or "master" of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Foody |first=Kathleen |date=September 2015 |editor-last=Jain |editor-first=Andrea R. |title=Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=599–623 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 |issn=0002-7189 |eissn=1477-4585 |jstor=24488178 |lccn=sc76000837 |oclc=1479270 |quote=For Shiʿi Muslims, Muhammad not only designated Ali as his friend, but appointed him as his successor—as the "lord" or "master" of the new Muslim community. Ali and his descendants would become known as the Imams, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted special insight into the Qurʾanic text. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over Islamic texts and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the disappearance of the twelfth and final Imam in the ninth century. |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author-last=Amir-Moezzi |author-first=Mohammad Ali |title=Ghadīr Khumm |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=Third |editor1-first=Kate |editor1-last=Fleet |editor2-first=Gudrun |editor2-last=Krämer |editor3-first=Denis |editor3-last=Matringe |editor4-first=John |editor4-last=Nawas |editor5-first=Devin J. |editor5-last=Stewart |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |year=2014 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 |isbn=9789004269613 |author-link=Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay qabaan in Muxammad uu u daayay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee saxaabada inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Cali hore loogu magacaabay beddelka Muxammad ee tukhtaankii Qadiir Khum, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan tukhtaannadii Saqiifa inay ahaayeen kuwo dhaafay xaqiisii beddelka. Dhibaatada beddelka waxay noqotay sababtii ugu horreysay ee qeybsanaanta Muslinka oo keentay soo bixitaanka labada qaybood ee waaweyn ee Islaamka, Sunna iyo Shiica. === Islaamka Sunnada ah === {{Main|Islaamka Sunnada ah}} [[File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art mss 0311 fol 190b-191a.jpg|thumb|Faraq-qoraal ah oo [[Saxiix al-Bukhari]] ah oo ka soo jeeda qarnigii 14aad, ururintii ugu horreysay ee [[xadiis]] ee [[Kutub al-Sittah|Lixda Buug]] ee [[Islaamka Sunnada ah]].]] Islaamka Sunnada ah waa qaybta ugu weyn ee Islaamka iyada oo ah mhabka diimeed ee ugu weyn dunida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of religious populations {{!}} Largest Religions, Smallest Religions, Lists, Data, & Overview {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/List-of-religious-populations|access-date=2025-07-24|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sunni |title=Sunni |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=17 September 2021 |archive-date=30 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430101807/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Sunni Islam |editor-first=John L. |editor-last=Esposito |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2014 |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |access-date=10 January 2010 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005013247/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280 |date=20101028144120 }}</ref><ref name="Denny-2010">{{cite book |last=Denny |first=Frederick |author-link=Frederick M. Denny |title=Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |page=3 |isbn=978-0199804153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3 |quote=Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90%) of that community. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lawson |first1=Russell M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_krEEAAAQBAJ&dq=islam+based+on+the+teachings+of+muhammad&pg=PA419 |title=Science in the Ancient World: From Antiquity through the Middle Ages |date=23 September 2021 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-4408-7353-9 |page=419 |language=en}}</ref> Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha "''Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah''", oo macnaheedu yahay "dadka [[Sunnah|sunnada]] (dhaqankii Muxammad) iyo jamacaadka".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ahl as-Sunnah |encyclopedia=Islam Ansiklopedisi |publisher=Turkish Diyanet Foundation |location=Istanbul |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |last=Yavuz |first=Yusuf Şevki |date=1994 |volume=10 |pages=525–530 |lang=tr |access-date=28 December 2021 |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228114411/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-sunnet |url-status=live }}</ref> Islaamka Sunnada ah mararka qaarkood waxaa loo yaqaanaa "Islaamka Ortodokska ah",<ref>{{cite book |author1=John Richard Thackrah |title=Dictionary of Terrorism |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135165956 |edition=2, revised |page=252}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation |url=https://archive.org/details/statusofwomenund0000nasi_k9w1 |date=2009 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004172739 |editor1-last=Nasir |editor1-first=Jamal J. |edition=revised |page=[https://archive.org/details/statusofwomenund0000nasi_k9w1/page/11 11]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=George W. Braswell |title=What You Need to Know about Islam & Muslims |url=https://archive.org/details/whatyouneedtokno0000bras |date=2000 |publisher=B&H Publishing Group |isbn=978-0805418293 |edition=illustrated |page=[https://archive.org/details/whatyouneedtokno0000bras/page/62 62]}}</ref> ingawa aqoonyahanada qaar ay u arkaan inaysan habboonayn, iyada oo Sunni-nimada ka baxsan ay dad badan u arki karaan fahan xumaan.<ref>An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: "Sunni: Of or pertaining ''sunna'', especially the ''Sunna'' of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, ''mubtadi'', from ''bid'a'', the contrary of ''sunna'' and so 'innovation'."</ref> Sunnadu waxay adkaynaysaa in Muxammad uusan magacaabin beddel, wuxuuna u dhaafay doorashada beddelkiisa bulshada, sidaas darteedna waxay u arkaan doorashadii Abu Bakar ee Saqiifa inay ahayd mid sharci ah. Muslinka Sunnada ah waxay inta badan u noqdaan lixda buug ee xadiiska ee waaweyn arrimaha sharciga, iyagoo u raaca mid ka mid ah afar madhabood ee fiqhiga: [[Hanafi school|Xanafi]], [[Hanbali school|Xanbali]], [[Maliki school|Maaliki]], [[Shafi'i school|Shaafi'i]].<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2003|pp=275, 306}}</ref> Cilmiga tawxiidka ee athariga ah waa madhab Sunni ah oo feker ah, oo uu si weyn ugu doodi jiray Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855 CE), oo lagu garto u noqoshada fahanka qoraalka ah ee Qur'aanka iyo sunnada, aמונה ah in Qur'aanku yahay mid aan la abuurin oo weligeed ah, iyo ka soo horjeeda cilmiga caqliga, ee loo yaqano kalam, marka loo eego arrimaha diinta iyo anshaxa.<ref>Hadi Enayat ''Islam and Secularism in Post-Colonial Thought: A Cartography of Asadian Genealogies'' Springer Publishing, 30 June 2017 {{ISBN|978-3-319-52611-9}} p.48</ref> Maaturidiyada, oo uu aasaasay Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944 CE), waxay leedahay qoraalka la soo dejiyay looma baahna anshaxa asaasiga ah iyada oo wanaagga iyo xawliga lagu fahmi karo caqliga keligiis,<ref>Rico Isaacs, Alessandro Frigerio ''Theorizing Central Asian Politics: The State, Ideology and Power'' Springer Publishing 2018 {{ISBN|978-3-319-97355-5}} p. 108</ref> laakiin dadku waxay u noqdaan waxyiga arrimaha ka baxsan fahanka bahaamka. Ash'ariyada, oo uu aasaasay Al-Ashʿarī (c. 874–936), waxay leedahay anshaxu wuxuu ka imaan karaa oo keliya waxyiga rabbaaniga ah laakiin waxay aqbashaa caqliga arrimaha fasiraadda waxayna isku dartaa hababka Mu'tazilada iyo fikradaha athariga.<ref>{{harvp|Esposito|1999|p=280}}</ref> Salafiyadu waa doonis dib u cusboonaysiin ah oo u dooda u noqoshada dhaqankii qgeneration-kii ugu horreeyay ee Muslinka. Qarnigii 18aad, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab wuxuu kexeeyay dhaqdhaqaaq Salafi ah, oo dadka ka baxsan ay u yaqaanaan Wahaabiya, waddanka maanta loo yaqano Sacuudi Carabiya.<ref>Richard Gauvain ''Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God'' Routledge 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}} page 8</ref> Dhaqdhaqaaq la mid ah oo loo yaqano Ahl al-Hadith ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigay dhaqanka sharciga Sunniga ah ee qarniyada jiray, iyagoo door biday inay si toos ah u raacaan Qur'aanka iyo Xadiiska. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunniga ah ee Nurcu waxaa aasaasay Said Nursi (1877–1960); wuxuu isku darayaa qaybo ka mid ah Tasawufka iyo sayniska.<ref name="Svante E. Cornell p. 283">Svante E. Cornell ''Azerbaijan Since Independence'' M.E. Sharpe {{ISBN| 9780765630049}} p. 283</ref><ref>Robert W. Hefner ''Shariʻa Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World'' Indiana University Press 2011 {{ISBN|978-0-253-22310-4}} p. 170</ref> === Islaamka Shiicada ah === {{Main|Islaamka Shiicada ah}} [[File:Folio from a Nahj al-Balagha.gif|thumb|Warqad gacan-qoraal ah oo ka timaada Nahj al-Balagha, ee taariikhdeedu tahay 1149 AD. Nahj al-Balagha waa ururin khudbado, waraaqo, iyo hadallo ah oo uu leeyahay Cali. Waxaa loo arkaa inay ka mid tahay kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee suugaanta Carabiga iyada oo ka joogta meel sare Islaamka Shiicada ah dhexdeeda.]] Islaamka Shiicada ah waa qaybta labaad ee ugu weyn Islaamka iyo mid ka mid oo ka mid ah mhabada diimeed ee ugu waaweyn dunida.<ref>{{cite web |title=Field Listing :: Religions |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231326/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-date=6 July 2010 |access-date=25 October 2010 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population." ... "Shia Islam represents 10–15% of Muslims worldwide.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sunni |url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614103622/https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs |quote=Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.}}</ref>{{sfnp|Pew Forum for Religion & Public Life|2009|p=1|ps=. "Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims."}} Ereygu waa gaabinta weedha "''Shīʿat ʿAlī''", oo macnaheedu yahay "xisbigii Cali". Muslinka Shiicada ah waxay adkaynayaan in Muxammad uu magacaabay ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii, Cali, inuu noqdo beddelkiisa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|title=Shiʿi|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=28 December 2021|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720054917/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Sunni Islam |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa |publisher=MacMillan Reference |editor-last=Philip Mattar |edition=2nd |author1=Tayeb El-Hibri|author2=Maysam J. al Faruqi}}</ref> Cali waxaa ku xigay silsilad Imaamyo ah oo Ilaah magacaabay oo ka soo jeeda qoyska Muxammad ([[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahlul Bayt]]). Mhabka ugu weyn ee Islaamka Shiicada ah, Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, waxay aqoonsan yihiin Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam inay yihiin hoggaamiyeyaasha Ilaah magacaabay, iyadoo ka bilaabanaysa Cali keligiis oo ku dheehanaysa Mahdiga, oo la rumeysan yahay inuu ku jiro qoyanaanta loona fadhiyo inuu dib u soo laabto Dhamaadka Sannadaha si uu u aasaaso caddaalad oo uu caawin doono Ciise. Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu muhiimad gaar ah siiyaa Ahlul Bayt (qoyska Muxammad), kuwaas oo Muslinka Shiicada ah ay u arkaan inay leeyihiin awood diimeed iyo ruhani ah oo Ilaah siiyay. Qur'aanka, teachings-ka Muxammad (Sunnah), iyo Imaamyada waxay samayeeyaan asaaska ugu muhiimsan ee fekerka diimeed iyo fiqhiga Shiicada. Muslinka Shiicada ah waxaa kexeeya madhabka Jacfariyada ee fiqhiga.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=John Corrigan|author2=Frederick Denny|author3=Martin S Jaffee|author4=Carlos Eire |year=2011 |title=Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions |publisher= Cambridge University Press |id=978-0205026340 }}</ref> Ururinta ugu muhiimsan ee xadiiska ee Islaamka Shiicada ah waa Afarta Buug ee Sharciga ah, oo loo yaqano Kitab al-Kafi, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, iyo Al-Istibsar. Islaamka Shiicada ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr qaybood, ta ugu weyn oo ugu muhiimsan waxay tahay Shiicada Laba-iyo-Tobanka ah, oo ay ku xigaan qaybaha yar ee Ismaaciiliyad iyo Saydiyad.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social and Military History |editor-first1=Spencer C. |editor-last1=Tucker |editor2=Priscilla Mary Roberts |year=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-842-2 |page=917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA917 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA917 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Iraq Effect: The Middle East After the Iraq War |first=Frederic M. |last=Wehrey |year=2010 |publisher=Rand Corporation |isbn=978-0-8330-4788-5 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&pg=PA91 |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228024742/https://books.google.com/books?id=i-3LAlfW7DIC&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|author-link=Andrew J. Newman|title=Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-7833-4|chapter=Introduction|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PP18|page=2|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501201413/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|archive-date=1 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Dagaalkii Karbala, oo uu awoowe u ahaa Nabiga oo ahaa Imaamka saddexaad ee Shiicada, Xuseen ibn Cali, si xun loogu dilay oo madaxa looga jaray iyada oo la dilay badanka xubnaha qoyskiisa, wuxuu siiyay Caliyinta aqoonsi diimeed oo u gaar ah wuxuuna ka qaatay door muhiim ah zhuraalka iyo adkaynta ta noqotay Islaamka Shiicada ah. Wuxuu ka joogaa meel dhexe taariikhda Shiicada, dhaqanka, iyo cilmiga tawxiidka, iyadoo inta badan lagu xuso suugaanta Islaamka. Waa mid ka mid ah waqtiyada ugu murugada badan, muhiimka ah, ee lagu garto taariikhda Islaamka. Dhismaha Imaam Cali ee Najafe, Dhismaha Imaam Xuseen ee Karbala, iyo Dhismaha Imaam Riza ee Mashxad waa saddexda meelood ee ugu xurmada badan ka dib Masjid al-Xaraam ee Makka, Masjid al-Nabawi ee Madiina, iyo Masjid al-Aqsa ee Qudus.<ref name="Sardeg2">{{cite web |last=Escobar |first=Pepe |date=May 24, 2002 |title=Knocking on heaven's door |url=http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020603155002/http://atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |archive-date=June 3, 2002 |access-date=2006-11-12 |work=Asia Times Online |quote=our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places... first is Mecca... second is Medina... third belongs to our first imam of Shia, Ali, which is in Najaf. The fourth belongs to our third imam, Hussein, in Kerbala. The last one belongs to the daughter of our seventh imam and sister of our eighth imam, who is called Fatemah, and will be buried in Qom. |department=Central Asia/Russia}}</ref><ref name="Never Again!" /><ref name="atimes.com">{{cite web |date= |title=Iran Diary, Part 2: Knocking on heaven's door |url=http://atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020603155002/http://atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html |archive-date=June 3, 2002 |access-date= |work=[[Asia Times Online]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Muslim Shia's Saint Imam Ali Holy Shrine |url=http://www.chnphoto.ir/gallery.php?gallery_uid=187&lang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905090748/http://www.chnphoto.ir/gallery.php?gallery_uid=187&lang=en |archive-date=2010-09-05 |access-date= |work=Cultural Heritage Photo Agency |format=16 images}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 4, 2003 |title=The tragic martyrdom of Ayatollah Al Hakim calls for a stance |url=http://www.modarresinews.com/artc.php?id=75%2F |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918084430/http://www.modarresinews.com/artc.php?id=75%2F |archive-date=2010-09-18 |access-date= |work=Modarresi News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=August 13, 2004 |title=Title required |url=http://www.zaman.org/?bl=international&alt=&trh=20040813&hn=11401/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028164619/http://www.zaman.org/?bl=international |archive-date=October 28, 2006 |access-date= |work=Zaman Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=April 1, 2003 |title=Why 2003 is not 1991 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/Iraq/Story/0,,926947,00.html/ |access-date= |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Laba-iyo-Tobanka Imaam sidoo xushmad lagu hayaa Islaamka Sunnada ah dhexdeeda iyagoo ah xubno ka mid ah qoyska Nabiga Muxammad iyo shakhsiyaad muhiim ah oo ku jira taariikhda Islaamka, iyadoo Sunnadu ay booqdaan dhismooyinkooda xushmad darteed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An Iraqi delegation from the Sunni Endowment visited the Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (PBUH).|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/an-iraqi-delegation-from-the-sunni-endowment-visited-the-holy-shrine-of-imam-ali-pbuh|access-date=2026-02-16|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waziri|first=Adam Isa|date=2022-11-21|title=Sunni Professors, Scholars From Pakistan Visit Imam Husain's Holy Shrine in Karbala » Education Monitor News|url=https://educationmonitornews.com/sunni-professors-scholars-from-pakistan-visit-imam-husains-holy-shrine-in-karbala/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Education Monitor News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Arooj|date=2024-02-01|title=Sunni scholars from Turkey express happiness upon visiting holy shrine of Imam Hussein|url=https://shiawaves.com/english/uncategorized/100914-sunni-scholars-from-turkey-express-happiness-upon-visiting-holy-shrine-of-imam-hussein/|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Shia Waves|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16|title=Iraqi Sunni Friday prayer leaders visit Imam Reza (AS) holy shrine|url=https://en.hawzahnews.com/news/358808/Iraqi-Sunni-Friday-prayer-leaders-visit-Imam-Reza-AS-holy-shrine|access-date=2026-02-16|website=Hawzah News Agency|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=English Pakistani Sunnis Visit Imam Reza Shrine|url=https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617090149/https://www.shiachat.com/forum/topic/235051393-english-pakistani-sunnis-visit-imam-reza-shrine/|archive-date=2025-06-17|access-date=2026-02-16|website=ShiaChat.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14|title=Sunni Cleric: Imam Reza Shrine a Center for Unifying Muslims|url=https://en.abna24.com/news/664698/Sunni-Cleric-Imam-Reza-Shrine-a-Center-for-Unifying-Muslims|access-date=2026-02-17|website=ABNA English|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Imam Reza (A.S.) Is the Symbol of Unity among Islamic Sects.|url=https://www.alarbaeen.ir/en/news/imam-reza-as-is-the-symbol-of-unity-among-islamic-sects|access-date=2026-02-17|website=www.alarbaeen.ir}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{multiple image | align = center | image1 = ImamAliShrine2026.jpg | width1 = 217 | alt1 = | caption1 = Imaam Cali Shrine oo ku yaalla Najaf, Ciraaq, ayaa waxaa u arka Muslimiinta Shiicada inay tahay goobta ugu quduska badan Islaamka ka dib Makka, Madiina iyo Qudus. Sano kasta, malaayiin xujey ah ayaa booqda oo maamuusa Cali. | image2 = حرم الامام الحسين.jpg | width2 = 218 | alt2 = | caption2 = Xarunta Imaam Xuseen inta lagu jiro Muxarram ee Karbala, Ciraaq, oo ah goob aad u qudus ka ah Islaamka Shiicada. Xajka Arbacinka ee xarunta ayaa ah isu-soo-baxa dadweynaha sannadlaha ah ee ugu weyn adduunka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peacock |first=Ruth |date=2024-08-26 |title=Millions join the Arbaeen pilgrimage in Iraq, the biggest annual gathering on earth |url=https://religionmediacentre.org.uk/news/the-largest-annual-event-on-earth-millions-join-the-arbaeen-pilgrimage-in-iraq/ |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=Religion Media Centre |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-30 |title=Arba'een Pilgrimage; world's largest annual public gathering |url=https://en.abna24.com/news/1390182/Arba-een-Pilgrimage-world-s-largest-annual-public-gathering |access-date=2026-02-14 |website=ABNA English |language=en}}</ref> | width3 = 315 | alt3 = | footer = | image3 = ImamReza(A).jpg | caption3 = Xarunta Imaam Riza oo ku taalla Mashhad, Iran, waa masaajidka adduunka ugu weyn, mid ka mid ah goobaha ugu quduska badan Islaamka Shiicada, waana goobta xajka ee ugu badan ee la booqdo Islaamka.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118072271215621679 |title=Inside Iran's Holy Money Machine |last=Higgins |first=Andrew |date=2007-06-02 |work=Wall Street Journal |access-date=2017-10-24 |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=2016-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424032806/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118072271215621679 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=soltani |first=mis |title=Islamic Republic of Iran: Over 30 million pilgrims visit Mashhad annually |url=http://www.wocoshiac.org/en/news-events/all-news-en/all-news-b-en/islamic-republic-of-iran-over-30-million-pilgrims-visit-mashhad-annually |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=www.wocoshiac.org |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-08 |title=Mashhad: A Hub of Tourism and Pilgrimage |url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/travel/171/mashhad-a-hub-of-tourism-and-pilgrimage |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=FinancialTribune|language=en}}</ref> Mashhad waxaa u magacaabay Caasimadda Dhaqanka ee Adduunka Islaamka Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka (OIC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran's Mashhad dubbed 2017's 'Islamic culture capital' |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/iran-s-mashhad-dubbed-2017s-islamic-culture-capital-/734177 |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=Anadolu |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-25 |title=Mashhad, Cultural Capital of Islamic World in 2017 |url=https://en.hawzahnews.com/news/348440/Mashhad-Cultural-Capital-of-Islamic-World-in-2017 |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=Hawzah News Agency |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-24 |title=Iran's Mashhad officially named capital of Islamic culture in 2017 |url=https://en.abna24.com/news/806957/Iran-s-Mashhad-officially-named-capital-of-Islamic-culture-in |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=ABNA English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-25 |title=Mashhad Becomes 2017 Cultural Capital of Muslim World |url=https://iqna.ir/en/news/3462032/mashhad-becomes-2017-cultural-capital-of-muslim-world |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=IQNA |language=en}}</ref> }} ===== Cibaadiyada ===== {{Main|Muhakkima|Cibaadiyada|Khawaarijta}} Cibaadiyada waa madhab u gaar ah Islaamka waxaana inta badan loo arkaa qaybta saddexaad ee mhabada Islaamka, oo barbar taagan Islaamka Sunnada ah iyo Islaamka Shiicada ah. Xididdadeedu waxay dib u raacaan go'itaankii Khawaarijta ee ka go'een Cali, oo ahaa ina-adeerkii iyo seedigii nabiga Muxammad oo ahaa Imaamkii ugu horreeyay ee Shiicada iyo khaliifkii afaraad ee Khulafo al-Raashidiinta ee Sunnadu. Waxaaba jirta in Cibaadiyiinta casriga ah ay inta badan diadaan in aqiidadooda lagu tilmaamo Khawaarij. Cibaadiyada waxay soo baxday qarniyadii ugu horreeyay ee Islaamka iyadoo ka timaada khilaafaadkii siyaasadeed iyo kuwa tawxiidka ee ku xeernaa Fitnada Koowaad. Dhaqanku wuxuu taariikhiyan u xiran yahay dhaqdhaqaaqii hore ee Muhakkima. Cibaadiyiintu way ka tiro yar yihiin labada mhab ee ugu waaweyn Islaamka, Sunnadu iyo Shiicada. Cibaadiyada waxay weli tahay mid aan si fican u baran dadka ka baxsan, iyadoo ay ku jiraan kuwo aan Muslin ahayn iyo Muslinka Sunnada iyo Shiicada ah. [[File:Islam branches and schools.png|centre|Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan qaybaha waaweyn iyo mhabada Islaamka]] ===== Qaybaha ===== * Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada waxaa lagu aasaasay Hindiya ee Ingiriisku xukumayay 1889 oo uu aasaasay Mirza Ghulam Ahmad oo ka soo jeeda Qadian, oo sheegtay inuu yahay Masiiyadii la ballanqaaday ("Soo laabashada Labaad ee Ciise"), Mahdiga Muslinku dhowrayaan sidoo kale prophet yar oo raaca nabiga Islaamka Muxammad. Waxaa jira fikrado iyo barashooyin kala duwan oo u gaar ah Axmadiyiinta marka loo eego badanka Muslinka kale, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan fasiraadda cinwaanka Qur'aanka ee Khatam an-Nabiyyin iyo fasiraadda Soo laabashada Labaad ee Masiiyada. deviations-kan loo arko inay ka bixisay fekerka Islaamka ee caadiga ah waxay keeneen in badanka Muslinka ay u arkaan kuwo ka baxay diinta iyo khilaafyada lagu hayo Axmadiyiinta waddamo kala duwan dhexdeeda, gaar ahaan Bakistaan, halkaas oo si rasmi ah looga dhaqangaliyay inaysan Muslin ahayn oo ay dhaqangalisay Xukuumadda Bakistaan. Taabacsanaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Islaamka waxay u qeybsamaan laba kooxood: ta koowaad oo ah Bulshada Muslinka ee Axmadiyada, oo maanta ah kooxda ugu weyn, iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Axmadiyada ee Laahore ee Fafinta Islaamka. * Calawiyada waa dhaqan Islaam oo doonis leh oo maxalli ah, oo taabacsaneedu ay raacaan barashooyinka qarsoon (bāṭenī) ee Cali iyo Haji Bektash Veli. Calawiyada waa isku dharraaq ka mid ah fikradaha dhaqanka ee Turkiga ee qarnigii 14aad, iyadoo leh xididdo ka imaan kara Tengrism iyo Animism oo barbar socda fikradaha Shiicada iyo Tasawufka. Waxaa la qiyaasay inay jiraan 10 milyan illaa ka badan 20 milyan (~0.5–1% dhammaan Muslinka) oo Calawiyiin ah dunida oo dhan. * Qur'aaniyuuntu waa dhaqdhaqaaq diimeed ee Islaamka oo ku aasaasan aqiidada ah in sharciga Islaamka iyo xaqiijintu ay tahay oo keliya inay ka timaado Qur'aanka oo aysan ka imaanin sunnada ama Xadiiska, iyadoo Qur'aaniyuuntu ay si muuqata uga kala duwan yihiin habka loo raaco shanta tiro ee Islaamka. Dhaqdhaqaaqu wuxuu soo baxay qarnigii 19aad wixii ka dambeeyay, iyadoo fekerayaal sida Syed Ahmad Khan, Abdullah Chakralawi iyo Ghulam Ahmed Perwez ee Hindiya ay su'aal ka keeneen dhaqanka xadiiska. Ejipt, Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi wuxuu ku qaray maqaalka ''Islaamku waa Qur'aanka keligiis'' majaladda ''Al-Manār'', isagoo u doodayay awoodda keligeed ee Qur'aanka. Qur'aaniyiin muhiim ah oo qarnigii 20aad ee dambe wuxuu ahaa Rashad Khalifa, oo ahaa biokimiko Masri-Ameerikan ah oo sheegtay inuu helay fure tiro oo ku jira Qur'aanka, wuxuuna aasaasay ururka Qur'aaniyiinta ee United Submitters International. * Mu'tazilada waxay ahayd madhab hore oo cilmiga tawxiidka Islaamka oo lagu garto isticmaalka caqliga, gaar ahaan marka loo eego labada ilo ee ugu horreeya Islaamka, Qur'aanka iyo xadiiska. Madhabtu waxay ku aasaasantaa shanta usool ee waaweyn: tawxiidka, caddaalada rabbaaniga ah, hubaasha ballanqaadyada iyo digniinaha rabbaaniga ah, meel dhexe oo marka loo eego heerka duniyeed ee duntayda waaweyn, iyo waajibka amarrada wanaagsan iyo ka hortaga xumaanta. Ka dib Sunnadu, Mu'taziladu waxay diadeen aragtida dhaqanka ah ee ah in Qur'aanku yahay hadalka aan la abuurin ee Ilaah, waxayna halkaas ka qabteen in Qur'aanku yahay waxyi la abuuray, si loo adkeeyo koodnimada kheyraatka ee Ilaah. Iyagoo adkaynaya isticmaalka caqliga, waxay u doodeen in dookha xorta ah ee bahaamka uu u oggolaado shakhsiyaadka inay doorataan wanaagga ama xumaanta, taas oo ka dhigaysa kuwo mas'uul ka ah eedooda. Bagse saameynta Mu'taziladu waxay hoos u dhacday dhibaatada bulshada iyo siyaasadeed ee ka timaada Sunnadu darteed, reebitaankooda caqliga wuxuu weli yahay mid muhiim ah fekerka casriga ah ee Islaamka. === Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn === {{Main|Non-denominational Muslim}} Muslimiinta aan kooxna ka tirsanayn waa eegmo guud oo loo isticmaalo ama ay isticmaalaan Muslimiinta aan ka tirsanayn ama aan isku tilmaamin mhab gaar ah oo Islaam ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Benakis |first=Theodoros |date=13 January 2014 |title=Islamophoobia in Europe! |work=New Europe |location=Brussels |url=http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |url-status=dead |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131145036/http://neurope.eu/article/islamophobia-europe/ |archive-date=31 January 2016 |quote=Anyone who has travelled to Central Asia knows of the non-denominational Muslims—those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pollack |first=Kenneth |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=jQGZBAAAQBAJ|page=29}} |title=Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American Strategy |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-4767-3393-7 |page=29 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |quote=Although many Iranian hardliners are Shi'a chauvinists, Khomeini's ideology saw the revolution as pan-Islamist, and therefore embracing Sunni, Shi'a, Sufi, and other, more nondenominational Muslims}}</ref> Sahanadii ugu dambeeyay waxay ku warramayaan in qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Muslimiinta ka mid ah kuwa ku nool qaybo ka mid ah dunida ay isku tilmaamaan oo keliya Muslim, inkasta oo ay yar tahay falanqaynta la daabacay ee ku saabsan sababaha ka dambeeya jawaabtan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burns |first=Robert |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=akWUGyN7fwEC|page=55}} |title=Christianity, Islam, and the West |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-7618-5560-6 |page=55 |publisher=University Press of America |quote=40 per cent called themselves "just a Muslim" according to the Council of American-Islamic relations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tatari |first=Eren |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=x_4QBQAAQBAJ|page=111}} |title=Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets |date=2014 |isbn=978-90-04-27226-2 |page=111 |publisher=BRILL |quote=Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi}}</ref> Pew Research waxay ku warramaysaa in jawaab-bixiyeyaasha isku tilmaama oo keliya Muslim ay yihiin inta ugu badan ee Muslimiinta ee toddoba waddan (iyo tiro sare saddex kale dhexdeeda), iyadoo heerka ugu sarreeya uu yahay Kasakhstan oo ah 74%. Ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah shan kasta oo Muslim ah ee ugu yaraan 22 waddan wuxuu isku tilmaamaa habkan.<ref name="Pew">{{cite web|date=9 August 2012|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|access-date=4 September 2013|website=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project}}</ref> == Tasawufka == === Suufiyada === {{Main|Suufiyada}} {{See also|Xiriirka Salafiga iyo Suufiga}} [[File:Mevlana Konya.jpg|thumb|Wareegga Suufiga ee Dhismaha Qabriga Suufiga ee Rumi ee Konya, Turkey.]] Suufiyada (Carabi: تصوف), waa hab ka mid ah Tasawufka Islaamka oo raadiya in lagu helo khibrad shakhsi ah oo toos ah ee Eebbe. Culimadii hore ee Suufiyadu waxay ku tilmaameen tasawufka "cilmiga ujeeddadiisu tahay sixidda wadnaha iyo ka jeedinta dhammaan wixii kale ee aan Eebbe ahayn", iyada oo loo marayo "awoodda caqliga iyo sharafta" oo laga joojiyo in lagu tababaro. Ahmad ibn Ajiba wuxuu ku tilmaamay tasawufka "ku laabashada dhaqanka, bilowgiisuna yahay aqoon, dhexdiisuna tahay wax-qabad [aqoontaas ku saabsan], dhammaadkiisuna yahay hadiya [ka timaada Allah]." Ma aha qayb ka mid ah Islaamka, taabacsanaha ayaana ka tirsan mhabada kala duwan ee Muslinka. Ismaaciiliya, oo barashadeedu ku aasaasan tahay Gnosticism iyo Neoplatonism iyadoo ay barbar socdaan madhabaha Illuminationist iyo Isfahan ee falsafadda Islaamka, waxay samaysay fasiraado tasawuf ah oo Islaamka ah. Hasan al-Basri, oo ahaa Suufigii hore oo inta badan loo arko mid ka mid ah Suufiyadii ugu horreysay, wuxuu adkeeyay cabsida ka timaada guuldarrada Eebbe ee adkaysiga. Taa beddekeeda, Suufiyadii dambe ee waaweynayd, sida Mansur Al-Hallaj iyo Jalaluddin Rumi, waxay adkeeyeen diinta ku aasaasan jacyada loo qabo Eebbe. Jacyadaas waxay sidoo kale saameyn ku lahaayeen fanka, iyadoo Rumi uu weli yahay mid ka mid ah gabayaaga ugu iibka badan Ameerika. [[File:Sema ceremony many.jpg|thumb|Suufiyada ee Turkey.]]Suufiyadu waxay u arkaan tasawufka qayb aan ka go'in Islaamka. Suufiyadii dhaqanka ahayd, sida Bayazid Bastami, Jalaluddin Rumi, Haji Bektash Veli, Junaid Baghdadi, iyo Al-Ghazali, waxay u doodeen in Suufiyadu ku aasaasan tahay usoolka Islaamka iyo barashooyinka nabiga. Taariikhyahan Nile Green wuxuu u dooday in Islaamka qarniyadii dhexe uu ahaa wax yar ama ka badan Suufiyada. Taabacsanaha dhaqdhaqaaqa Sunnada ee dib-u-soocida ee loo yaqaano Salafiyada waxay u arkeen dhaqannada jacyada ee caanka ah, sida weyneynta awliyada Suufiga, inay yihiin cusbooneysiin ka timaada diintii hore. Salafiyiintu inta badan waxay weerareen Suufiyada, taas oo keentay xumaanshaha xiriirka Suufiga iyo Salafiga. Ururrada Suufiga waxay samayskaan dariiqooyin ku xeeran macallin (wali) oo raaca xiriir ruuxi ah oo dib u raaca Muxammad. Suufiyadu waxay kaqaateen door muhiim ah samaynta bulshooyinka Muslinka iyaga oo loo marayo dhaqdhaqaaqyada baahinta iyo waxbarashada. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Ahle Sunnat ama Barelvi ee uu saameeyay Tasawufku wuxuu sheegtaa in ka badan 200 milyan oo taabacsane ku leeyahay Koonfurta Aasiya. Suufiyadu waxay muhiim ku tahay Aasiyada Dhexe, iyo sidoo kale waddamada Afrika sida Tuniisiya, Aljeeriya, Marooko, Senejaal, Chaad iyo Nayjar. == Sharciga iyo Fiqhiga == === Shariicada === {{Main|Shariicada|Fiqhiga}} {{See also|Mantiqa ee Falsafadda Islaamka#Sharciga Islaamka iyo Cilmiga Tawxiidka}} [[File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|Madhabaha sharciga Islaamka ee Dunida Muslinka.]] Shariicada waa tan ka kooban sharciga diinta Islaamka. Doonista ah in la tilmaamo oo lagu ogaado sharciyada hab dhammaystiran oo is-waafaqsan waxay keentay horumarinta aragtida sharciga, oo loo yaqaano fiqhi. Taa beddekeeda, bidco waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo cusbooneysiinta sharciga ka baxsan ee arrimaha diinta. Dhabbooyinka kala duwan, ee loo yaqaano usoolka fiqhiga, ayaa horumaray oo madhabka sharciga ee ka soo baxa dhabbo ku xeeran waxaa loo yaqaanaa madhab. Is-waafaqidda raacda go'aannada khabiir diimeed ama madhab waxaa loo yaqaanaa taqliid. Shuruudda ghayr muqallid waxay u tilmaamaysaa kuwa aan isticmaalin taqliidka iyo, sii dheeraanteeda, aan lahayn madhab. Dhaqanka shakhsigu ku fasirayo sharciga caqliga xor ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa ijtixaad. Kuwa fasira shariicada waxaa loo yaqaanaa muftiyo oo ra'yigooda sharciga ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa fatwo. [[File:'Abd_Allah_ibn_Shaykh_Murshid_al-Katib_-_Sa'di_and_a_Dervish_Go_to_Settle_their_Quarrel_Before_a_Judge_-_Walters_W618106B_-_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Gabayaaga Saadi Shirazi iyo darwiish waxay u socdaan inay khilaafkooda ku dhameeyaan xakim hortiis, farta qarnigii 16aad oo ka timaada Iiraan.]] Ilaaha koowaad ee Shariicadu waa Qur'aanka iyo Sunnada. Ilaa saddexaad oo caani ah waa qiyaas (caqli analoji ah) oo loo isticmaalo dhibcooyinka sharciga ah ee aan si toos ah loogu faahfaahin Qur'aanka ama Sunnada. Isku-barbardhigga ayaa la raadiyaa si loo helo illah, ama sababta halkan ku jirta, oo ah sababta ka dambeysa xukunkii hore. Tusaale ahaan, reebitaanka gaarka ah ee khamriga waxaa ka soo baxaya reebitaanka guud ee alkoolka maadaama ay wadaagayaan sababta shaqaynaysa ee loo gartay inay tahay dabeecadda ma zeexisa ee dhammaan cabitaannada alkoolka ah. Madhabka Saahiriga wuxuu adkeeyay saafinimada tooska ah oo sidaas darteed wuxuu diaday qiyaaska. Is-afgaradka ra'yiga waa ijmaac, iyadoo ikhtilaafku u tilmaamayo khilaafka culimada. Xukunnadu waxay ficillada u kala saaraan mid ka mid ah shan qaybood oo loo yaqaano axkaam: farad, mustaxab, mubaah, makruuh, iyo xaraam. Xilliga casriga ah, sharciyada dambiyada ee ku aasaasan shariicada waxaa inta badan beddelay sharciyo ka yimid moodellada Yurub. Cilmiga dib-u-soocida ee Tanzimat ee Qarnigii 19aad ee Dowladdii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu keenay koodka madaniga ee Mecelle wuxuuna ka dhigan yahay dadaalkii ugu horreeyay ee lagu koodiyeeyo shariicada. Iyadoo Dastuurada badanka states-ka Muslinku u badan yihiin ay ku jiraan tilmaamo ku saabsan shariicada, xeerarkeeda dhaqanka ah waxaa inta badan lagu reebay oo keliya sharciyada heerka shakhsiga (famlida). Hay'adaha sharciga ah oo koodiyeeyay sharciyaddan waxay raadiyeen inay casriyeeyaan iyagoon ka tageyn aasaaskooda fiqhiga dhaqanka ah. Dib-u-soocida Islaamka ee qarnigii 20aad ee dambe waxay keentay baaqyo ka yimid dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamiyiinta oo ku saabsan fulinta dhammaystiran ee shariicada. Doorka shariicadu wuxuu noqday mowduuc lagu tartamo dunida oo dhan. Waxaa jira doodaha socda oo ku saabsan in shariicadu ay la waafaqsan tahay foomamka cilmaani ee xukuumadda, xuquuqda aadanaha, xorriyadda fekerka, iyo xuquuqda dumarka darteed meelaha ay ka mid yihiin faafreebka iyo doonaanta. == Bulshada == === Shakhsiyaadka diinta === {{Main|Culumada}} [[File:Maqamat_hariri.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Culimada ku sugan maktabadda Cabbaasiyiinta, Maqamat al-Hariri. Farta uu qray Yahyá al-Wasiti, Baqdaad, 1237 AD.]] Islaamku maleho wadaado ah macnaha sacerdotalism, sida baaddariyada oo kale oo dhex-dhexaadiya Eebbe iyo dadka. Imaam (Carabi: إمام) waa cinwaanka diinta oo loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo booska hoggaaminta Islaamka, inta badan marka loo eego samaynta adeegga cibaadada Islaamka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Imam|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/imam|access-date=15 January 2023|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> Fasiraadda diinta waxaa hoggaamiya culumada (Carabi: علماء), oo ah shuruud loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo kooxda culimada Muslinka ah ee helay tababarka barashada Islaamka. Caalimka xadiiska waxaa loo yaqaanaa muxaddith, caalimka fiqhiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa faqeeh (Carabi: فقيه), qaanuun-yaqaanka u qalma inuu soo saaro ra'yiga sharciga ah ama fatwooyinka waxaa loo yaqaanaa mufti, qadi-yuna waa xakim Islaam ah. Cinwaannada sharafta leh ee la siiyo culimada waxaa ka mid ah sheekh, mulla iyo mawlawi. Muslinka qaar ka mid ah waxay sidoo kale weyneeyaan awliyada u xiran karaamooyinka (Carabi: كرامات).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Radtke |first1=B. |last2=Lory |first2=P. |last3=Zarcone |first3=Th. |last4=DeWeese |first4=D. |last5=Gaborieau |first5=M. |last6=Denny |first6=F. M. |last7=Aubin |first7=F. |last8=Hunwick |first8=J. O. |last9=Mchugh |first9=N. |title=Walī |orig-year=1993 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Bearman |editor1-first=P. J. |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-link=Thierry Bianquis |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-first=C. E. |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor4-first=E. J. |editor4-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-first=W. P. |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2nd |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill Publishers |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335 |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}</ref> === Maamulka === {{See also|Siyaasadda iyo Islaamka|Dhaqaalaha Islaamka|Qaanuunka ciidanka ee Islaamka|Tasaamuxa|Jihaadka}} [[File:Ali and Aisha at the Battle of the Camel.jpg|thumb|Xaasidii Muxammad, Caasha, oo la dagaallamaysa Cali.]] Fiqhiga dhaqaalaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, kaydsiga hantida si xad-dhaaf ah waa lagu necbyahay, sidaas darteedna dhaqanka maalgashiga monobooliga ah waa laga hoos eegaa.<ref name="Iqbal2010">{{cite book | last1 = Iqbal | first1 = Zamir | last2 = Mirakhor | first2 = Abbas | last3 = Krichenne | first3 = Noureddine | last4 = Askari | first4 = Hossein | title = The Stability of Islamic Finance: Creating a Resilient Financial Environment | location = Singapore | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | year = 2010 | language = en | isbn = 978-0-470-82518-1 | p = 75}}</ref> Dadaallada lagu waafajinayo shariicada waxay keeneen horumarinta bangiyada Islaamka. Islaamku wuxuu reebaa ribada, oo inta badan loo turjumo faa'iido si aan caddaalad ahayn ku timaada ganacsiga, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu tilmaamo faa'iidada ribada.<ref>{{harvc |c=Riba |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |year=n.d. |last1= Schacht|first1=Joseph}}</ref> Taa beddekeeda, bangiyada Islaamku waxay iskaashi la sameeyaan amaanadaha, iyagoo labaduba wadaagaya faa'iidada iyo qasaaraha ka soo baxa mashruuca. Shuruud kale waa ka fogaanshaha hubaal-la'aanta, oo loo arko saqajaan (khumaar), bangiyada Islaamkuna dhaqan ahaan waxay ka fogaadaan aaladaha la soocay sida mustaqbalka ama doorashooyinka, taas oo taariikhiyan ka ilaalisay hoos u dhaca suuqyada.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Foster|first=John |date=1 December 2009|title=How Islamic finance missed heavenly chance|work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8388644.stm|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Domat|first=Chloe|date=20 October 2020|title=What Is Islamic Finance And How Does It Work?|work=Global Finance magazine|url=https://www.gfmag.com/topics/blogs/islamic-finance-faq-what-islamic-finance-and-how-does-it-work|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref> Khulafadii Raashidiinta iyo Dowladdii Umawiyiinta waxay ku lug lahaayeen qaybinta sadaqada ee ka timaada qasnadda dowladda, oo loo yaqaano Bayt al-maal, ka hor inta aysan noqon dadaal shakhsi ah meelaha sannadkii 720. Khaliifkii ugu horreeyay, Abu Bakar, wuxuu u qaybiyay sakada sida tusaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee dakhliga ugu yar ee la dammaanad qaado, iyadoo muwaaddin kasta uu helayay 10 illaa 20 dirham sannadkiiba.<ref>{{cite web |last=Merchant, Brian |date=14 November 2013 |title=Guaranteeing a Minimum Income Has Been a Utopian Dream for Centuries |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/guaranteeing-a-minimum-income-has-been-a-utopian-dream-for-centuries/ |access-date=3 June 2019 |website=VICE}}</ref> Waagii maamulkii khaliifkii labaad ee Cumar, taageerada carruurta ayaa la soo bandhigay, kuwa da'da ah iyo kuwa nafedana waxay xaq u lahaayeen mushaar,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Buraey |first=Muhammad |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=lT8OAAAAQAAJ|page=}} |title=Administrative Development: An Islamic Perspective |publisher=KPI |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-7103-0059-1 |pages=252–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Akgündüz |first1=Ahmed |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=EnT_zhqEe5cC|page=539}} |title=Ottoman History: Misperceptions and Truths |last2=Öztürk |first2=Said |publisher=IUR Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |pages=539– |access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref> iyadoo khaliifkii Umawiyiinta ee Cumar II uu u qoondeeyay adeego dhagool kasta iyo labadii qafis ee xanuunsan oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Al-Jawzi|first1=Ibn |url=|title=The Biography and Virtues of Omar Bin Abd al-Aziz – The Ascetic Caliph |publisher=IUR Press |year=2001 |isbn= |page=130 }}</ref> [[File:Saladin the Victorious.jpg|thumb|Salaxaddiin Guuleystaha, uu qray Gustave Doré.]] Jihaad wuxuu macnehiisu yahay "dadaal ama ilaa qabasho [dhabada Eebbe]", macnehiisa ugu ballaaranina waa "awoodda, dadaalka, ama awoodda ugu dambeysa oo lagu bixiyo la dagaallanka shay laga xumaado". Shiicadu gaar ahaan waxay adkeeyaan "jihaadka weyn" oo ah dadaalka lagu gaarayo wanaajinta nafta ee ruuxiga ah iyadoo "jihaadka yar" loo tilmaamo dagaalka. Marka loo isticmaalo sidaas oo keliya, jihaadka inta badan waxaa loo fahmaa foomkiisa ciidanka. Jihaadku waa foomka keliya ee dagaalka ee loo oggol yahay sharciga Islaamka, waxaana lagu dhawaaqi karaa ka dhan ah ujeedooyinka aan sharciyaysnayn, argagixisada, kooxaha dambiyada, reebleyaasha, murtadiinta, iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha ama dowladaha dhibta Muslinka. Badanka Muslinka maanta waxay u fasiraan Jihaadka oo keliya foom دفاع ah oo dagaalka ah. Jihaadku wuxuu oo keliya noqdaa waajib shakhsi ah kuwa la siiyay awoodda. Dadka kale oo dhan, tani waxay dhacdaa oo keliya marka ay jirto diyaargarow guud. Badanka Shiicada Isnaashariyada, jihaadka weerarka ah waxaa oo keliya lagu dhawaaqi karaa hoggaamiye Eebbe uu doortay oo ee bulshada Muslinka ah, sidaas darteedna, wuu hakad ku jiraa tan iyo gaabinta Muxammad al-Mahdi ee sannadkii 868 CE. === Nolosha maanta iyo tan aabbanimada/qoyska === {{See also|Edabta (Islaamka)|Cuntada reebban ee Islaamka|Islaamka iyo carruurta|Guurka Islaamka|Dumarka Islaamka|Guurka badan ee Islaamka}} [[File:Salat Eid al-Fitr, Tehran (113344343).jpg|thumb|Haweenay Iiraani ah oo xiran astaan Islaami ah (Xijaab).]] Cilmiga edabta ee maalinlaha ah wuxuu ku jiraa qaybta edabta, ama hab-dhaqanka. Cuntooyinka si gaar ah loo reebay waxaa ka mid ah hเนื้อ Doofaarka, dhiigga iyo bakhtiga. Caafimaadka waxaa loo arkaa ammaan ka timaada Eebbe, waxyaabaha maaddada ah ee maaddada maanka dooriya, sida cabitaannada alkoolka ah, waa kuwo reebban.<ref>{{cite book|author=Fahd Salem Bahammam|title=Food and Dress in Islam: An explanation of matters relating to food and drink and dress in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRojJ7lnb18C&pg=PP1|publisher=Modern Guide|isbn=978-1-909322-99-8|page=1}}</ref> Dhammaan hเนื้อ waa inay ka timaadaa xayawaan geed-daaq ah oo loo qashay magaca Eebbe oo uu qashay Muslin, Yuhuudi, ama Christian, marka laga reebo ugaarta uu qofku ugaarsaday ama kaluumaysay maankiisa.<ref>{{harvp|Curtis|2005|p=164}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2002b|p=111}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |c=Slaughter |first=Ersilia |last=Francesca |year=n.d. |in=McAuliffe}}</ref> Garaha inta badan waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa ragga sida shay dabiici ah<ref>{{Cite news |last=De Sondy |first=Amanullah |date=28 January 2016|title=The relationship between Muslim men and their beards is a tangled one|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/28/muslim-men-beards-facial-hair-islam |access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref> iyo isbeddellada jirka, sida peenijka joogtada ah (sawirka jidhka), inta badan waa reebban iyadoo laga baqayo inay kharribaan ubaahda u go'an.{{efn|Muslinka qaar ka mid ah Shiinaha waagii boqortooyada waxay ka horyimaadeen xiridda cagaha gabdhaha sababtaas oo kale darteed.}} <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |title=Are Muslims Allowed to Get Tattoos? |website= |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=8 Bisha Saddexaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308040238/https://www.learnreligions.com/tattoos-in-islam-2004393 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Xariirta iyo dahabka waa reebban yihiin ragga Islaamka dhexdiisa si loo dhowro xaaladda miyir-qabka.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glassé |first1=Cyril |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas_u8y1 |publisher=AltaMira Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas_u8y1/page/158 158] |language=en|year=2001}}</ref> Haya, oo inta badan loo turjumo "xishood", mararka qaar waxaa loo tilmaamaa dabeecadda hoose ee Islaamka<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zine |first1=Jasmin |last2=Babana-Hampton |first2=Safoi |last3=Mazid |first3=Nergis |last4=Bullock |first4=Katherine |last5=Chishti |first5=Maliha |title=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:4 |publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JM4DwAAQBAJ&q=haya+islam&pg=PA59 |access-date=4 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> wuxuuna hagaa badanka nolosha maalinlaha ah ee Muslinka. Tusaale ahaan, dharka Islaamka dhexdiisa wuxuu adkeeyaa heerka xishoodka, oo ay ku jirto xijaabka haweenka. Sidoo kale, nadaafadda shakhsiga ah waa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa shuruudo gaar ah.<ref>{{cite web |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Oxford Islamic Studies Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |access-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114153249/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e4 |archive-date=14 November 2016}}</ref> [[File:Muslim Couple (cropped).jpg|thumb|Saddex laba oo Muslin ah oo ka socda Indoneesiya.]] Guurka Islaamka dhexdiisa, ninka arooska ah waxaa lagu leeyahay inuu bixiyo meherka aroosadda (mahar).<ref>{{harvp|Waines|2003|pp=93–96}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Esposito|2003|p=339}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Esposito|1998|p=79}}</ref> Qoysaska badankood ee dunida Islaamka waxay leeyihiin hal xaas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Newby |first=Gordon D. |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00newb |title=A concise encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=Oneworld |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-85168-295-9 |location=Oxford |page=141}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein |url=https://archive.org/details/islamreligionhis00nasr_0/page/68 |title=Islam : religion, history, and civilization |publisher=HarperOne |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-06-050714-5 |location=New York |page=68}}</ref> Ragga Muslinka ah waxaa loo oggol yahay inay sameeyaan guurka badan waxayna yeelan karaan illaa afar xaas oo isku mar ah. Waxbarashada Islaamku waxay si adag uga baqaysaa inay adkayso in haddii ninku uusan dammaanad qaadi karin taageerada maaliyadeed iyo ta ruuxiga ah oo siman xaasaskiisa mid kasta, waxaa la dhiirri-geliyaa inuu guursado hal haweenay oo keliya. Sabab lagu tilmaamay guurka badan ayaa ah inay ninka u oggolaato inuu siiyo ilaalin maaliyadeed haween badan, oo laga yaabo inaysan helin taageero kale (tusaale, carrooyinka). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaska ugu horreysa waxay shuruud ku xiri kartaa heshiiska guurka in ninku uusan guursan karin haweenay kale inta ay guursan yihiin.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ratno Lukito|title=Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbridgeable|page=81|publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/fatwa/ShowFatwa.php?lang=A&Id=18444&Option=FatwaId |title=IslamWeb |publisher=IslamWeb |date=7 February 2002 |access-date=13 September 2011}}</ref> Waxaa sidoo kale jira kala duwanaansho dhaqameed oo aroosyo ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Gai |url=https://archive.org/details/rememberinggodre0000eato |title=Remembering God: Reflections on Islam |publisher=The Islamic Texts Society |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-946621-84-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=92–93}}</ref> Polyandry, oo ah dhaqan ay haweenaydu ku guursato laba ama ka badan oo ragg ah, waa ku reebban Islaamka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Can't a Woman have 2 Husbands? |url=http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |access-date=27 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223012707/http://www.14publications.com/question-and-answer/why-cant-a-woman-have-2-husbands/ |archive-date=23 December 2015 |website=14 Publications}}</ref> [[File:عکس های مراسم ترتیل خوانی یا جزء خوانی یا قرائت قرآن در ایام ماه رمضان در حرم فاطمه معصومه در شهر قم 20.jpg|thumb|Gabdhaha Muslinka ah oo baranaya Qur'aanka lagu dul dhigay rehalada xilliga Ramadaanka ee Qom, Iiraan.]] Aadada dhalashada ubadka ka dib, adhaanka waxaa lagu dhawaaqaa dhegta midig. Maalinta todobaad, xafladda caqiiqada ayaa la sameeyaa, oo xayawaan lagu qalo oo hantiisa loo qaybiyo masaakiinta. Madaxa ubadka waa la xiiraa, oo lacag la eg miisaanka dhagaha waxaa loo deeqaa masaakiinta. Gudniinka raga, oo loo yaqaano khitaan, inta badan waa lagu dhaqmaa dunida Muslinka.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2014 |title=Khitān |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127165754/https://www.britannica.com/topic/khitan-Islam |archive-date=27 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=January 2017 |title=Reported Male Circumcision Practices in a Muslim-Majority Setting |journal=BioMed Research International |publisher=Hindawi Publishing Corporation |volume=2017 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2017/4957348 |pmc=5282422 |pmid=28194416 |doi-access=free |author1-last=Anwer |author1-first=Abdul Wahid |author2-last=Samad |author2-first=Lubna |author3-last=Baig-Ansari |author3-first=Naila |author4-last=Iftikhar |author4-first=Sundus}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=13 August 2009 |title=Islam: Circumcision of boys |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112170938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/islamethics/malecircumcision.shtml |archive-date=12 November 2012 |access-date=27 May 2020 |work=Religion & ethics—Islam |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Xaq-dhowridda iyo addeecidda waalidiinta, iyo daryeelidooda gaar ahaan markay da'da yihiin waa waajib diini ah. Muslinka dhimanaya waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa inuu dhawaaqo Shahaadada si ay u noqoto hadalkiisa ugu dambeeya.<ref>{{Cite book| isbn = 9783643900678| title =Changing European Death Ways| location = Austria| year = 2013| last1=Mathijssen| first1=Brenda|last2=Venhorst|first2=Claudia|last3=Venbrux|first3=Eric|last4=Quartier|first4=Thomas| url =| page = 265 |publisher=Lit }}</ref> Xaq-dhowridda kii dhintay iyo ka qaybgalka jinaasooyinka ee bulshada dhexdeeda waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ficillada wanaagsan. Caadooyinka aasidda Islaamka, aasidda waxaa lagu dhiirri-geliyaa si dhakhso ah oo ugu macquulsan, inta badan 24 saac dhexdeeda. Meydka waa la dhaqaa, marka laga reebo shuhadada, oo ay dhaqaan kuwo labka ah oo isku jinsi ah waxaana lagu duubaa dhar aan adkayn oo loo yaqaano kafan. Salaadda jinaasada oo loo yaqaano Salat al-Janazah ayaa la tukadaa. Qaylada ama ooyinta weyn ee baroorgaaga ah waa laga fogaadaa. Sanduuqyada aaska inta badan la ma doorbido oo qabrida inta badan calaamad maleho, xata boqorada. === Dhaqanka === {{Main|Dhaqanka Islaamka}} {{See also|Farshaxanka Islaamka|Dhismaha Islaamka|Suugaanta Islaamka|Islaamka iyo kubbadda cagta|Muslinka Dhaqanka}} [[File:Chinese-style minaret of the Great Mosque 2023.jpg|thumb|Minaaradda qaabka Shiinaha ee Masaajidka Weyn ee Xi'an, oo ka mid ah masaajidda ugu ee Shiinaha ee la dhisay 742 AD.]] Erayga "dhaqanka Islaamka" waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee u gaarka ah diinta, sida ciidaha iyo dharka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si dood ku jirto oo loogu tilmaamo dhinacyada dhaqanka ee dadka Muslinka ah ee dhaqanka ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Melikian |first=Souren |author-link=Souren Melikian |date=4 November 2011 |title='Islamic' Culture: A Groundless Myth |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/05/arts/05iht-rartmelikian05.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 November 2013}}</ref> Ugudambeyntii, "ilbaxnimada Islaamka" waxay sidoo kale u tilmaami kartaa dhinacyada dhaqanka isku-dhafka ah ee Khilafaadkii hore, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa aan Muslinka ahayn, mararka ka mid ahna loo yaqaano "Islaamiga".<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Wiley| isbn = 9781405155144| title =Islamicate Cosmopolitan Spirit | location = United Kingdom| year = 2021| last=Lawrence| first=Bruce| url =| page = xii| quote = }}</ref> Farshaxanka Islaamku wuxuu ka kooban yahay farshaxanka muuqaalka ah oo ay ku jiraan ilo kala duwan sida dhismaha, farta qurxoon, sawirka, iyo dhoobada, iyo kuwo kale.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ettinghausen |first1=Richard |first2=Oleg |last2=Grabar |first3=Marilyn |last3=Jenkins-Madina |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300088670/page/3 |title=Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-300-08869-8 |edition=2nd |page=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Suarez|first=Michael F.|title=The Oxford companion to the book|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0002unse_z0d2|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780198606536|location=Oxford and New York|pages=331ff|chapter=38 The History of the Book in the Muslim World|oclc=50238944}}</ref> Iyadoo sameynta sawirrada noolaha inta badan ka laga fogaado oo u xiran sharciyada ka dhanka ah sanam-caabudidda, shuruuddan waxaa u fasiray ilo kala duwan culimo kala duwan iyo xilliyo taariikhi ah oo kala duwan. [[File:Masjid Menara Kudus.jpg|thumb|Masaajidka Menara Kudus ee qarnigii 16aad ee Indoneesiya, oo muujinaya saamaynta Hindiya.]] Xaddidaaddan waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu fashilo badnaanta farta qurxoon, joomatariya isku-dhafka ah, iyo qaababka sida ilaha muhiimka ah ee dhaqanka farshaxanka Islaamka.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Salim Ayduz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=or-6BwAAQBAJ&q=islamic+art+idolatry+geometry&pg=PA263 |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam |last2=Ibrahim Kalin |last3=Caner Dagli |date=2014 |page=263|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-981257-8 |quote=Figural representation is virtually unused in Islamic art because of Islam's strong antagonism of idolatry. It was important for Muslim scholars and artists to find a style of art that represented the Islamic ideals of unity (''tawhid'') and order without figural representation. Geometric patterns perfectly suited this goal.}}</ref> Waxaa sii dheer, sawirka Muxammad waa arrin dood ka jirto dhexdeeda Muslinka.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=860736| title = An Indian Picture of Muhammad and His Companions | author = T. W. Arnold| journal = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs | author-link = T. W. Arnold| date = June 1919| volume = 34| issue = 195 | publisher = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, Vol. 34, No. 195. | pages = 249–252}}</ref> Dhismaha Islaamka dhexdiisa, dhaqanka kala duwan wuxuu muujinayaa saamayn sida dhismaha Islaamka ee Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Isbaanishka sida Masaajidka Weyn ee Kairouan oo ka kooban tiirar marmar iyo borfiri ah oo ka yimid dhismayaashii Roomaanka iyo Bizantiinta,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Isichei |first=Elizabeth Allo |url={{Google books|LgnhYDozENgC|page=PA175|keywords=mosque%20kairouan%20roman columns|text=mosque+kairouan+roman+columns|plainurl=yes}} |title=A history of African societies to 1870 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-45599-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=175 |access-date=6 August 2010}}</ref> iyadoo masaajidda Indoneesiya inta badan leeyihiin saqafyo heerarka badan leh oo ka yimid qaabka dhaladka ah ee Jafa.<ref>{{cite book |first=Gunawan |last=Tjahjono |title=Indonesian Heritage-Architecture |url=https://archive.org/details/architecture00indo/page/88 |year=1998 |publisher=Archipelago Press |location=Singapore |isbn=981-3018-30-5 |pages=88–89 }}</ref> Taariikhda Islaamku waa taariikhda dayaxa oo ka bilaabanta Hijrada 622 CE, oo ah taariikh oo la sheegay inuu doortay Khaliif Cumar maadaama ay ahayd meel isbeddel muhiim ah u ahayd Muxammad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Muslim-calendar|title=Islamic calendar|website=www.britannica.com|date=|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> Maalmaha barakaysan ee Islaamku waxay ku beegan yihiin taariikho go'an oo ee taariikhda dayaxa, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay dhacaan xilliyo kala duwan sannado kala duwan oo ee taariikhda Miilaadiga. Ciidaha ugu muhiimsan Islaamka waa Ciidul Fitri (Carabi: عيد الفطر) ee 1-da Shawaal, oo calaamad u ah dhammaadka bisha soomanaanta ee Ramadaan, iyo Ciidul Adxa (Carabi: عيد الأضحى) ee 10-ka Dhul-Hijjah, oo ku beegan dhammaadka Xajka.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher =Oxford University Press| isbn =9780195165203| title =The Islamic World: Past and Present| year = 2004| last=Esposito| first=John| pages = 75–76 |ref=none}}</ref><ref name="www.britannica.com-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|title=Pillars of Islam &#124; Islamic Beliefs & Practices &#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|date=3 May 2023|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905102524/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pillars-of-Islam|url-status=live}}</ref> Muslinka Dhaqanka waa shakhsiyaad aan cibaadaysaneyn oo wali lagu aqoonsado Islaamka iyadoo laga duulayo asalka qoyska, dhiirrigelinta shakhsiga ah, ama deegaanka bulshada iyo dhaqanka ee ay ku doorteen inay ku koran.<ref>{{cite book|first1= Cara|last1= Aitchison|author1-link= Cara Aitchison|first2= Peter E.|last2= Hopkins|author3-link= Mei-Po Kwan|author3= Mei-Po Kwan|title= Geographies of Muslim Identities: Diaspora, Gender and Belonging|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DRnthQxB8lYC&pg=PA147|access-date= 30 June 2013|year= 2007|publisher= Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn= 978-1-4094-8747-0|pages=147}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice|first=G. Hussein|last= Rassool|year= 2015| isbn=9781317441250| page =10|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_QsCgAAQBAJ&dq=Muslims+who+are+religiously+unobservant,+secular+or+irreligious+individuals+who+still+identify+with+the+Muslim&pg=PA10|quote=The label 'Cultural Muslim' is used in the literature to describe those Muslims who are religiously unobservant, secular or irreligious individuals who still identify with the Muslim culture due to family background, personal experiences, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up... For Cultural Muslim the declaration of faith is superficial and has no effect of their religious practices.}}</ref> === Siyaasada=== [[File:Scotusnfrieze.jpeg|thumb|Muxammad oo lagu muujiyay Adolph Alexander Weinman ee Dhismaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka ee Washington, DC isagoo wada seef iyo Qur'aan.]] Qayb badan oo ka mid ah qarnigii 20aad, aqoonsiga Islaamka iyo maamulka Islaamka ee arrimaha siyaasadda ayaa kordhay horraantii qarnigii 21aad. Siyaasadda Islaamka waa fasiraadda Islaamka oo loo arko il ka mid ah aqoonsiga iyo wax-qabadka siyaasadeed.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last1=Voll|first1=John O.|last2=Sonn|first2=Tamara|title=Political Islam|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/id/obo-9780195390155-0063|journal=Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets|year=2009|language=en|doi=10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0063|access-date=2017-05-26|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223165247/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0063.xml|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Waxay u doodaysaa dhisidda dawladda iyo bulshada sida ku cad (fahamka u doodayaasha) mabaadi'da Islaamka, halkaas oo Islaamku u shaqeeyo il ka mid ah jagooyinka iyo fikradaha siyaasadeed.<ref name=":02">Krämer, Gudrun. "Political Islam." In Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 6. Edited by Richard C. Martin, 536–540. New York: Macmillan, 2004. [http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam via Encyclopedia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713072425/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/political-islam|date=2018-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=March|first1=Andrew F.|title=Political Islam: Theory|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|date=2015|volume=18|issue=1|pages=103–123|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141250|doi-access=free}}</ref> Siyaasadda Islaamka waxaa muriyaal ka dhex jira iyo kuwa ka baxsan tacliinta guud ahaan ugu adeegsadaan si isku mid ah ereyga Islaamiyadda,<ref name=":13" /> waxaana loo haystaa inuu yahay cunsur siyaasadeed oo ka mid ah Soo-reenka Islaamka oo bilaabmay qarnigii 20aad,<ref name=":13" /> halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa oo kaliya nooc kasta oo wax-qabad siyaasadeed oo ay sameeyaan Muslimiintu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale jirey dadaallo cusub oo lagu kala saarayo Islaamiyadda oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo ku basada diinta iyo siyaasadda Islaamka oo ah faham qaran oo casri ah oo ku saabsan Islaamka oo ay wadaagaan jilayaasha cilmaaniga ah iyo kuwa Islaamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jocelyne Cesari|year=2018|title=What Is Political Islam|url=https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.rienner.com|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-1-62637-692-2|archive-date=2023-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106160415/https://www.rienner.com/title/What_Is_Political_Islam|url-status=live}}</ref> Kooxaha dhowr ah oo ku yaala Bariga Dhexe ayaa u kaftamay inay fikradaha casriynta ku xiraan faragelinta boqortooyadii gumaadkeedii. Wadamada Muslimka ah ee dhowr ah, gaar ahaan Masar iyo Bakistaan, dhaqdhaqaaqyo siyaasadeed oo lid ku ah oo u janjeera dhanka diinta ayaa salka ku dhigtay. Sababaha waa kuwo dhinacyo badan leh. Burburkii Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta wuxuu ahaa dhacdo baaxad weyn oo dhalisay gariirro badan. Gobolku wuxuu la kulmay jahwareer sannado badan maadaama waddamada Carabtu ay hoos tageen saamaynta dhaqanka iyo guulaystayaasha waddamada Yurub. Dhanka cadaadiska dhaqanka oo kordhayay Muslimiintu waxay adkeeyeen aqoonsigooda qaran iyo dhaxalkooda dhaqan, kooxaha qaar waxay ugafeen dhinacyada diinta. Masar dhexdeeda daciifnimada Muslimiinta waxaa lagu eedeeyay u kuปฏิบัตitaanka liidata ee qoraallada diinta. Sida ku cad Hassan al-Banna, dhaqanka Yurub wuxuu ahaa mid maaddiyad ku dhisan, anshax xumo ah oo ku batay ku-tagri-falka heerarka bulshada iyo ribada. === Sugaanta === {{Main|Islaamiga}} {{multiple image | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 600 | image1 = Saadi Tomb.jpg | image2 = Hafez 880714 095.jpg | footer = Qabuuraha Saadi, Hafez iyo Ferdowsi, saddexda abwaan ee ugu caansan Muslimiinta, oo dhammaantood ku yaalla Iran. | caption1 = | caption2 = | image3 = Tomb-of-Ferdowsi آرامگاه-فردوسی Davoud-Davoudi 1.jpg }} Shaqada ugu caansan ee khayaaliga ah ee ka timi dunida Islaamka waa Kumaan iyo Hal Habeen, oo ah ururin sheekooyin hoose/folklore oo ka soo jeeda Sanskriit, Faarisi, iyo ka dib fables Carab ah. Fikradda waxaa saameeyay nooc ka horreeyay Islaamka oo Faarisi ah oo loo yaqaannay Hezār Afsān (Kumaan Sheeko) oo ku tiirsanaa walxaha Hindida ee gaarka ah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Marzolph|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|title=Arabian Nights|year=2007|publisher=Brill|volume=I|location=Leiden}}</ref> Waxay gaadhay foomkeeda ugu dambeeyay qarnigii 14aad; tirada iyo nooca sheekooyinku waxay ku kala duwanaayeen farta gacanta mid ka mid ah mid kale.<ref name="arabianNights">Grant & Clute, p. 51</ref> Shaqadan waxay saameyn weyn ku lahayd Galbeedka tan iyo markii loo turjumay qarnigii 18aad, markii ugu horreysay oo uu turjumay Antoine Galland.<ref>L. Sprague de Camp, Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy, p. 10 {{ISBN|0-87054-076-9}}</ref> Ku-dayasho ayaa lagu qray, gaar ahaan Faransiiska.<ref name="arabianNights2">Grant & Clute, p 52</ref> Jilayaal kala duwan oo ka socda epik-kan ayaa iyaguna noqday calaamado dhaqameed ee dhaqanka Galbeedka, sida Aladdiin, Sindibad Nawaakhida iyo Cali Baba. Tusaale ka mid ah tixda Carabiga iyo tixda Faarisiga oo ku saabsan jacaylka waa Layla iyo Majnuun, oo dib u dhaceysa xilligii Umawiyiinta ee qarnigii 7aad. Waa sheeko naxdin leh oo ku saabsan jacayl aan dhimanayn. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, oo ah epik-ka qaranka ee Iran-ta Weyn, waa dib-u-sheegid khayaali iyo geesinimo leh oo ku saabsan taariikhda Faarisiga. Amir Arsalan wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa sheeko khayaali ah oo caan ah oo Faarisi ah. Ibn Tufayl (Abubacer) iyo Ibn al-Nafis waxay ahaayeen hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda. Ibn Tufail wuxuu qray riwaayaddii ugu horreysay ee Carabi ah Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) iyadoo cavab u ah Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, ka dibna Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sidoo kale qray riwaayad Theologus Autodidactus iyadoo cavab u ah Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Labada sheeko waxay lahaayeen jilayaal waaweyn (Hayy ee Philosophus Autodidactus iyo Kamil ee Theologus Autodidactus) oo ahaa carruur is-baray oo duurka ku voolaa oo ku noolaa go'doon kuyeel/jasiirad saxara ah, labaduba waxay ahaayeen tusaalayaasha ugu horreeyay ee sheeko jasiirad saxara ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halka Hayy uu ku nool yahay kaligiis xoolaha jasiiradda saxarada ah inta ka dhiman sheekada Philosophus Autodidactus, sheekada Kamil waxay ka dhib badan tahay jasiiradda saxarada ah ee Theologus Autodidactus, iyadoo u ekaanaysa sheekadii ugu horreysay oo la ogaaday oo ah koreera/hanaqaad oo ugu dambeyntii noqonaysa tusaalaha ugu horreeya ee riwaayadda sayniska khayaaliga ah.<ref>Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).</ref><ref>Nahyan A. G. Fancy (2006), "[http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288)] {{Wayback|url=http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615 |date=20150404020329 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404020329/http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11292006-152615/|date=4 April 2015}}", pp. 95–101, Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame.</ref> Theologus Autodidactus,<ref>Muhammad b. Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufayl. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC Philosophus autodidactus, sive Epistola Abi Jaafar ebn Tophail de Hai ebn Yokdhan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004180638/https://books.google.com/books?id=yFAR_G7HM3QC |date=4 October 2015 }}: in qua ostenditur, quomodo ex inferiorum contemplatione ad superiorum notitiam ratio humana ascendere possit. E Theatro Sheldoniano, excudebat Joannes Owens, 1700.</ref><ref>Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi. The Theologus autodidactus of Ibn al-Nafīs. Clarendon P., 1968</ref> oo uu qray aqoonyahanka Carabi Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFCuoqykV9QC&q=ibn+al+nafis+first+science+fiction+novel&pg=PA236|title=The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature|first=Gregory|last=Claeys|date=5 August 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139828420|via=Google Books}}</ref> wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa walxaha sayniska khayaaliga ah sida abuurista iskood u samaysanta, falanqaynta mustaqbalka, dhamaadka dunida iyo qiyaamaha, soo-tegga/sarakicidda, iyo nolosha ka dib. Halkii uu ka siin lahaa sharraxaad mucjiso ama khayaali ah dhacdooyinkan, Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu isku dayay inuu sharraxo walxaha sheekada iyada oo loo marayo aqoonta sayniska ee bijoolajiga, astronomy-ga, cosmology-ga iyo meelaha/juqraafiga oo lagu yaqaannay xilligiisa. Khayaaliga Ibn al-Nafis wuxuu sharraxay baridda diinta Islaamka iyada oo loo marayo sayniska iyo falsafadda Islaamka.<ref name="Roubi">Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (Cf. [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibnul-Nafees As a Philosopher] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html|date=6 February 2008}}, Encyclopedia of Islamic World).</ref> Turjumaadaha Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus waxay ka muuqdeen Laatiin (1671), Inqiriisi (1708), Jarmal, iyo Dutch. Turjumaadahan luqadaha Yurub waxay ka dib saameyn ku yeesheen Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe<ref>Cyril Glasse (2001), New Encyclopaedia of Islam, p. 202, Rowman Altamira, {{ISBN|0-7591-0190-6}}.</ref> iyo Robert Boyle's The Aspiring Naturalist.<ref name="Toomer-222">G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.</ref> === Falsafadda === [[File:Persian Scholar pavilion in Viena UN (Rhazes&Khayyam).jpg|thumb|Scholars Pavilion waa taallo ay Iran ugu deeqday Xafiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee Vienna. Sannadlaha aqoonyahannadii Muslimka ahaa ee qarniyadii dhexe, Omar Khayyam, Al-Biruni, Rhazes iyo Avicenna ayaa ku dhex jira dhismaha.]] Astaamaha ugu caansan ee lagu qeexo falsafadda Islaamka waa "qaabka falsafadda ee lagu dhex abuuray qaabdhismeedka dhaqanka Islaamka."<ref name="RoutledgeEoP">[http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/H057 "Islamic Philosophy"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606082214/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/islamic-philosophy;jsessionid=B31B033F077DD5E68E09CC9D35C02105|date=6 June 2022}}, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998)</ref> Falsafadda Islaamka, qeexidtan laguma xidho arrimo diimeed oo keliya, mana aha mid ay Muslimiinta oo keliya curiyeen.<ref name="RoutledgeEoP" /> Aqoonyahanka Faarisiiga ah ee Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) wuxuu lahaa ka badan 450 buug oo loo tiriyo. Qoraalladiisu waxay ku saabsanaayeen maadooyin kala duwan, gaar ahaan falsafadda iyo daawada. Buuggiisa daawada ee The Canon of Medicine waxaa loo adeegsaday sida buugga heerka sare ah ee jaamacadaha Yurub ee qarniyo badan. Wuxuu sidoo kale qray The Book of Healing, oo ah encyclopediya saynis iyo falsafad saameyn leh.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Ibn Sina [Avicenna]|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|date=2024|quote=The Cure...had momentous consequences...his philosophical system dominated intellectual history in both Shi’ite and most of Sunni Islam}}</ref> Shakhsiyad kale oo ka tirsan Casrigii Dahabiga ahaa ee Islaamka, Avicenna, wuxuu sidoo kale sameeyay dugsigiisa falsafadda ee Avicennism, oo saameyn ku lahaa dhulka Islaamka iyo kan Masiixiga dhexdiisa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Saliba|first=George|author-link=George Saliba|date=1994|title=A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofarabica0000sali|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofarabica0000sali/page/245 245], 250, 256–257|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=0-8147-8023-7}}</ref> Falsafad kale oo saameyn ku lahaa falsafadda casriga ah wuxuu ahaa Ibn Tufail. Riwaayaddiisii falsafadda ahayd, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, oo loo turjumay Laatiin siday tahay Philosophus Autodidactus sannadkii 1671, waxay horumarisay mawduucyada empiricism, tabula rasa, dabiicadda iyo korinta, xaaladda suurtogalnimada, materialism,<ref>Dominique Urvoy, "The Rationality of Everyday Life: The Andalusian Tradition? (Aropos of Hayy's First Experiences)", in Lawrence I. Conrad (1996), The World of Ibn Tufayl: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān, pp. 38–46, Brill Publishers, {{ISBN|90-04-09300-1}}.</ref> iyo Molyneux's problem.<ref>Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufail and Léon Gauthier (1981), Risalat Hayy ibn Yaqzan, p. 5, Editions de la Méditerranée.</ref> Aqoonyahannada iyo qoraayaasha Yurub ee uu saameeyay riwaayaddan waxaa ka mid ah John Locke,<ref>Russell (1994), pp. 224–39</ref> Gottfried Leibniz,<ref name="Wainwright">Martin Wainwright, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/mar/22/featuresreviews.guardianreview1 Desert island scripts], The Guardian, 22 March 2003.</ref> Melchisédech Thévenot, John Wallis, Christiaan Huygens,<ref>Russell (1994) p. 227</ref> George Keith, Robert Barclay, Quakers,<ref>Russell (1994), p. 247</ref> iyo Samuel Hartlib.<ref name="Toomer-2222">G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 222, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-820291-1}}.</ref> Falsafada Islaamku waxay sii waday horumarka falsafadda ilaa qarnigii 17aad, markii Mulla Sadra uu sameeyay dugsigiisa Transcendent theosophy oo uu horumaray fikradda existentialism-ka.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy|first=Muhammad|last=Kamal|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-5271-7|pages=9, 39|oclc=224496901}}</ref> Falsafado kale oo saameyn lahaa oo Muslimiin ah waxaa ka mid ah Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), oo ah hormuudka phenomenology iyo falsafadda sayniska iyo dhaleeceeyaha dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian iyo fikradda Aristotle ee goobta (topos); Al-Biruni, dhaleeceeye dabiiciga ah ee Aristotelian; Ibn al-Nafis, hormuudka riwaayadda falsafadda; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, aasaasaha falsafadda Illuminationist; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, dhaleeceeye mantiqa Aristotelian iyo hormuudka mantiqa inductive-ka; iyo Ibn Khaldun, oo ah hormuudka falsafadda taariikhda.<ref name="Akhtar">S.R.W. Akhtar (1997). "The Islamic Concept of Knowledge", Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought & Culture 12 (3). https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol-12-no3/islamic-concept-knowledge-sayyid-wahid-akhtar</ref> === Sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada === [[File:Statue of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi in Urgench.jpg|thumb|Taallada Al-Khwarizmi ee Urgench, Uzbekistan.]] Ibn al-Haytham waxaa sidoo xaqiiqo ah loo arkaa aabbaha optics-ka, gaar ahaan cadeyntiisa empirik-ka ah ee aragtida intromission-ka ee iftiinka. Jim Al-Khalili wuxuu sheegay 2009 in Ibn al-Haytham 'loogu yeero inta badan "saynisyahankii ugu horreeyay ee dhabta ah ee dunida".'<ref>{{cite news |last=Al-Khalili|first=Jim|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7810846.stm|title=BBC News|date=4 January 2009|access-date=11 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426041228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm|archive-date=26 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Al-Khwarizmi wuxuu alifay nidaamyada log base-ka ee maanta loo adeecsado, wuxuu sidoo kale ka qaybqaatay theorems ee trigonometry iyo sidoo kale limits.<ref>Plofker, Kim (2009), Mathematics in India: 500 BCE–1800 CE, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-12067-6}}.</ref> Waxbarashooyinkii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujinayaan inay u badan tahay in fannaaniintii Muslimka ahayd ee Qarniyadii Dhexe ay ogaayeen geometriyada quasicrystal ee decagonal ah ee sare ee la helay kala bar millennium ka dib 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii ee Galbeedka, ayna u adeegsadeen shaqada tiled-ka ee dhismaha.<ref>Peter J. Lu, [http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html Harvard's Office of News and Public Affairs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314012002/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/03.01/99-tiles.html|date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Dhaqaatiirta Muslimiinta ah waxay ka qaybqaateen sahanka daawada, oo ay ku jiraan anatomy iyo physiology: sida shaqadii Faarisiiga ahayd ee qarnigii 15aad ee uu sameeyay Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas ee loo yaqaan Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy-ga jirka) oo ku jireen sawirro guud oo ku saabsan habka jirka, dareemayaasha iyo habka wareegga dhiigga; ama shaqadii dhakhtarkii Masar Ibn al-Nafis, oo soo bandhigay aragtida wareegga dhiigga ee sambabada. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Abulcasis) wuxuu ka qaybqaatay edbinta qalliinka daawada buuggiisa Kitab al-Tasrif ("Buugga Tanaasulaadka"), oo ah encyclopediya daawa oo ka dib loo turjumay Laatiin oo loo adeegsaday iskoolada daawada ee Yurub iyo Muslimiinta ee qarniyo badan. Horumaro kale oo daawo ah waxay ka tulmeen dhinacyada pharmacology iyo pharmacy.<ref>Turner, H. (1997) pp. 136–38</ref> Saynisyahannada ugu caansan ee ka mid ah dunida Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe waxaa ka mid ah Jābir ibn Hayyān, al-Farabi, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Biruni, Avicenna, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, iyo Ibn Khaldun. Tiknoolajiyada dhexdeeda, dunida Islaamka waxay warqad-sameynta ka qaadatay Shiinaha.<ref name="Lucas">Adam Robert Lucas (2005), "Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe", Technology and Culture 46 (1), pp. 1–30 [10].</ref> Aqoonta baaruudda waxaa sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay Shiinaha iyada oo loo marayo waddamada badankooda Islaamka ah.<ref>Arming the Periphery. Emrys Chew, 2012. p. 1823.</ref> Horumar ayaa lagu sameeyay waraabinta iyo beeraha, iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyad cusub sida mishiinka dabaysha. Dalagyada sida lowska/almond iyo miraha sitrus waxaa loo keenay Yurub iyadoo loo marayo al-Andalus, oo beerashada sonkorta ayaa si tartiib-tartiib ah ay ugu ku-daydeen Yurubiyanku. Ganacsatada Carabta waxay maamuleen ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya ilaa imaatinka Boortaqiisku ee qarnigii 16aad. Hormuz wuxuu ahaa xarun muhiim ah oo ganacsigan ah. Waxaa sidoo kale ka jirey shabakad cufan oo waddooyinka ganacsiga ee Badda Dhexe, oo ay waddamada aqlabiyadda Muslimka ah ku ganacsan jireen kesooda iyo awoodaha Yurub sida Venice, Genoa iyo Catalonia (sido kale eeg: Indo-Mediterranean). Jidka Xariirta oo ka tallaabaya Aasiyada Dhexe wuxuu marayay dawlado Islaam ah oo u dhexeya Shiinaha iyo Yurub. Soo-bixidda boqortooyooyinka dhaqaale ee waaweyn oo leh kheyraad tiknoolajiyadeed ka dib qabsashadii Timur (Tamerlane) iyo soo-reenka Timurid Renaissance waxaa ka mid ah Boqortooyada Mali iyo Saltanaddii Bengal gaar ahaan, oo ah qaran ganacsi oo caalami ah oo dunida ku yaal, oo Yurubiyanku ku describe gareeyeen "waddanka ugu hodansan ee lagu ganacsado".<ref>Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. {{ISBN|978-81-8069-149-2}}. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.</ref> Iinjineerada Muslimiinta ee dunida Islaamka waxay sameeyeen isticmaalo warshadeed oo cusub oo hydropower ah, iyo isticmaalo warshadeed oo hore oo ah tidal power iyo wind power.<ref>Ahmad Y. al-Hassan (1976). Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering, pp. 34–35. Institute for the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo.</ref> Isticmaalka warshadeed ee watermills ee dunida Islaamka wuxuu dib u dhacaa qarnigii 7aad, halka water mills-ka leh giraangiraha jiifa iyo kuwa taagan oo dhan loo adeegsanayay si weyn tan iyo ugu yaraan qarnigii 9aad. Mashiinno warshadeed oo kala duwan ayaa lagu adeegsanayay dunida Islaamka, oo ay ku jiraan fulling mills, gristmills, paper mills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills iyo windmills. Markii ay gaadhay qarnigii 11aad, gobol kasta oo ka mid ah dunida Islaamka wuxuu lahaa mashiinnadan warshadeed oo shaqaynaya, kuwo ka billowda al-Andalus iyo Waqooyiga Afrika ilaa Bariga Dhexe iyo Aasiyada Dhexe.<ref name="Lucas" /> Iinjineerada Muslimiinta waxay sidoo kale alifeen crankshafts iyo water turbines, waxay adeegsadeen gears ee mashiinnada iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada, waxayna hormuud u ahaayeen isticmaalka dam-yada sida il ka mid ah awoodda biyaha, oo loo adeegsaday in lagu siiyo awood dheeraad ah watermills iyo mashiinnada biyaha kor u qaada.<ref name="Hassan">Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering</ref> Horumaradan waxay suurtogal ka dhigeen in shaqooyinka warshadeed oo hore loogu kexayn jiray shaqaale hanto ama gacanta xilliyadii hore ay noqdaan kuwo la mishiineeyay oo lagu kexo mashiinno beddelkeeda dunidii Islaamka ee qarniyadii dhexe. Wareejinta tiknoolajiyadan oo loo wareejiyay Yurubtii qarniyadii dhexe waxay saameyn ku lahayd Industrial Revolution-ka, gaar ahaan ka soo jeeda proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal iyo Tipu Sultan's Kingdom, iyadoo loo marayo qabsashadii East India Company. === Aqsanta === [[File:Taj Mahal (Edited).jpeg|thumb|Taj Mahal ee India waxaa loo arkaa masterpiece si caalami ah loo bogsho oo ka tirsan World's Heritage, iyo mid ka mid ah Seven Wonders of the World.]] {{excerpt|Islamic architecture|only=paragraphs}} == Saamaynta diimaha kale, iyo Islaamiga == {{Main|Islaamiga|Islaamiga waddan ahaan}} [[File:Mohammed2.jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad iyo Rahibkii Sergius, oo uu sameeyay Lucas van Leyden, 1508 AD. Waxay muujineysaa Halsooreedkii Nabi Muxammad ee ku dhex wareegi jiray Yurub.]] [[File:La.Vie.de.Mahomet Christies.jpg|thumb|403x403px|Nabi Muxammad oo haysta seef iyo bilal halka uu ku tunto dunida, iskutallaabta, iyo Tobanka Amrood. Waxaa sameeyay Humphrey Prideaux, 1699.]] [[File:Nuremberg chronicles - Mohammed (CLIv).jpg|thumb|Nabi Muxammad oo fadhiya dhanka bidix, oo ku sawiran Nuremberg Chronicle, 1440 AD.]] Haddii dhaqdhaqaaqyada sida Druze,<ref>{{Cite book |last=De McLaurin |first=Ronald |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalroleofm0000unse |title=The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East |publisher=Michigan University Press |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-03-052596-4 |page=114 |quote=Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles, the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=Shireen |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofislami0000unse |title=The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and Unity: Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-253-34549-3 |page=33 |quote=Druze – An offshoot of Shi'ism; its members are not considered Muslims by orthodox Muslims.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=R. Williams |first=Victoria |title=Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 volumes] |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-4408-6118-5 |page=318 |quote=As Druze is a nonritualistic religion without requirements to pray, fast, make pilgrimages, or observe days of rest, the Druze are not considered an Islamic people by Sunni Muslims.}}</ref> Berghouata iyo Ha-Mim, ay ka soo baxeen Islaamka ama ay la wadaageen rumayntooda gaarka ah Islaamka, iyo haddii mid kastaa yahay diin gooni ah ama firqad ka mid ah Islaamka waa aragtiyo dood ku jiraan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=D. Grafton |first=David |title=Piety, Politics, and Power: Lutherans Encountering Islam in the Middle East |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-63087-718-7 |page=14 |quote=In addition, there are several quasi-Muslim sects, in that, although they follow many of the beliefs and practices of orthodox Islam, the majority of Sunnis consider them heretical. These would be the Ahmadiyya, Druze, Ibadi, and the Yazidis.}}</ref> Caqiidada Druze waxay sii kala qaybisay Ismaaciiliyada maadaama ay horumarisay caqiidooyinkeeda gaarka ah, waxayna ugu dambeyntii ka sootagday Ismaaciiliyada iyo Islaamka labadaba; kuwan waxaa ka mid ah rumaynta in Imaamka Al-Xaakim bi-Amr Allaah uu ahaa Ilaah jisoobay.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Poonawala |first=Ismail K. |date=July–September 1999 |title=Review: ''The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning'' by Heinz Halm |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_july-september-1999_119_3/page/542 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |publisher=American Oriental Society |volume=119 |issue=3 |page=542 |doi=10.2307/605981 |issn=0003-0279 |jstor=605981 |lccn=12032032 |oclc=47785421}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Bryer | first = David R. W. | title = The Origins of the Druze Religion (Fortsetzung) | journal = Der Islam | year = 1975 | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–262 | doi = 10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | s2cid = 162363556 | url = https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.2.239 | issn = 1613-0928 | ref = {{harvid|Bryer|1975b}} | url-access = subscription }}</ref> Yazdânism waxaa loo arkaa isku-dhafan ka mid ah rumaynta dhaladka ee Kurdiida iyo caqiidada Suufiyada Islaamka ee loo soo bandhigay Kurdistan ee Sheekh Cadi ibn Musafir ee qarnigii 12aad.<ref>{{cite book |last=Foltz |first=Richard |title=Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present |url=https://archive.org/details/religionsofiranf0000folt |date=7 November 2013 |isbn=978-1-78074-307-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/religionsofiranf0000folt/page/219 219] |chapter=Two Kurdish Sects: The Yezidis and the Yaresan |publisher=Oneworld Publications |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access=}}</ref> Bábism waxay ka soo bilaabatay Shiicada Isnaashariyada ee martay Siyyid 'Ali Muhammad i-Shirazi al-Bab iyadoo mid ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri Baha'u'llah uu aasaasay Caqiidada Baha'i.<ref>{{cite web |last=House of Justice |first=Universal |title=One Common Faith |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/OCF/ocf-8.html |access-date=1 April 2017 |website=reference.bahai.org}}</ref> Yarsanism,<ref name="Z. Mir-Hosseini 1994, p.267">{{cite journal |last=Mir-Hosseini |first=Z. |date=1994 |title=Inner Truth and Outer History: The Two Worlds of the Ahl-e Haqq of Kurdistan |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1994-04_26_2/page/267 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=26 |pages=267–268}}</ref> Din-i Ilahi,{{sfnp|Roychoudhury|1941|page=306}} iyo Ali-Illahism<ref>{{Cite book |last=Layard |first=Austen Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SQe_sNtIaMC&q=ali%2520illahism&pg=PA216 |title=Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum |date=2010-08-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108016773 |page=216 |language=en}}</ref> waxaa loo arkaa kuwo ka sootagay Islaamka. Sikhism, oo uu aasaasay Guru Nanak oo ku sugan Punjab qarnigii 15aad ee dambe, waxaa saameeyay Islaamku.<ref>{{cite book |last=Elsberg |first=Constance |date=2003 |title=Graceful Women |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |isbn=978-1-57233-214-0 |pages=27–28}}</ref> == Dhaleeceynta == {{Main|Dhaleeceynta Islaamka}} {{see also|Dhaleeceynta Muxammad|Dhaleeceynta Qur'aanka}} Dhaleeceynta Islaamku waxay jirtay tan iyo heeraradeedii ugu horreeyay. Dhaleeceyntii hore waxay ka timid qoraayaal Yahuud ah, sida Ibn Kammuna, iyo qoraayaal Masiixi ah, oo kuwo badan oo ka mid ah ay u arkayeen Islaamka bidco Masiixi ah ama nooc sanam-caabudid ah, iyagood inta badan ku fashilayay terms apocalyptic ah.{{sfnp|Fahlbusch et al|2001|p=[{{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC|page=759}} 759]}} Qoraayaasha Masiixiyiinta ahi waxay dhaleeceeyeen sharraxaadaha laab-lakacsan ee Islaamku ka bixiyo jannada. Qarnigii sagaalaad aqoonyahankii Muslinka ahaa ee Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari wuxuu u dooday sharraxaadda Qur'aanka ee jannada iyadoo sheegaysa in Baybalku sidoo kale tilmaamayso fikradahaas, sida cabbidda khamriga ee jannada dhexdeeda oo ku jirta Injiilka Matayos. Caalimkii Masiixiga ahaa ee qarnigii 4aad Augustine ee Hippo caqiidooyinkiisu waxay keeneen diidmo baahsan oo ku saabsan raaxada jidhka ee nolosha iyo aakhiro dhexdeeda labadaba.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Christian Lange |title=Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-50637-3 |pages=18–20}}</ref> Sawirro aflaadaad ah oo ka dhan ah Muxammad, oo ka soo bilaabmay sawirraddii hore ee qarnigii 7aad ee Kaniisadda Ortodokska Bari ee Boqortooyada Bizantiinta,<ref>Reeves, Minou, and P. J. Stewart. 2003. ''Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making''. NYU Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8147-7564-6}}. p. 93–96.</ref> waxay ka muuqdaan gabayga qarnigii 14aad ee Divine Comedy oo uu qaray Dante Alighieri. Halkan, Muxammad waxaa lagu muujiyay goobta sideedaad ee jahannamada, iyadoo la joogo Cali. Dante ma eedayno Islaamka guud ahaan laakiin wuxuu eedaynayaa Muxammad kala qaybin, maadaama uu aasaasay diin kale Masiixiyadda ka dib.<ref name="Stone">Stone, G. 2006. ''Dante's Pluralism and the Islamic Philosophy of Religion''. Springer Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4039-8309-1}}. p. 53–54.</ref> Dhaleeceynaha kale waxay diiradda saaraan la-dhaqanka shakhsiyaadka ee gudaha waddamada casriga ah ee Muslinku ku badan yahay, oo ay ku jiraan arrimo ku saabsan xuquuqda aadanaha, goorta ay si dhow u la xiriirto fulinta sharciga Islaamka.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Yohanan|last1=Friedmann|year=2003|title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/tolerancecoercio00frie/page/n31 18], 35|isbn=978-0-521-02699-4}}</ref> Sidoo kale, isbeddellada dhowaan ee dhaqammada kala duwan ka dib, kartida loo malaynayo inay leeyihiin soo-galootiga Muslinka ah ee Galbeedka si ay u la qabsadaan waa la dhaleeceeyay oo waxaa loo eedeeyay asalka Islaamka kuwo ka mid ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Modood |first=Tariq |url=https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo |title=Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship: A European Approach |date=6 April 2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35515-5 |edition=1st |page=[https://archive.org/details/multiculturalism00modo/page/n43 29] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ugu dambeyntii cilmi-baaris{{what|date=April 2026}} waxay heshay in diindhaqameedka Islaamka oo sarreeya uu la xiriiro xagjirinimada Islaamka oo sarreysa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kamenowski |first1=Maria |last2=Manzoni |first2=Patrik |last3=Haymoz |first3=Sandrine |last4=Isenhardt |first4=Anna |last5=Jacot |first5=Cédric |last6=Baier |first6=Dirk |date=2021-06-17 |title=Religion as an influencing factor of right-wing, left-wing and Islamist extremism. Findings of a Swiss youth study |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=6 |article-number=e0252851 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0252851 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=8211158 |pmid=34138885 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1652851K }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== ===Qoraallo=== {{notelist}} {{reflist|group=note}} ===Qur'aan iyo xadiis=== {{Reflist|group=lower-roman}} ===Xigasho=== {{reflist}} === Ilaha === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Signs in the heavens |volume=2 |publisher=Amana Publications |year=2006 |isbn=1-59008-040-8}} * {{cite book |last=Arnold|first=Thomas |title=The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith.|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.536294|volume= |publisher= |year=1896 |isbn=}} * {{Cite book |last=Bennett |first=Clinton |title=Interpreting the Qur'an: a guide for the uninitiated |url=https://archive.org/details/interpretingqura0000benn |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8264-9944-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/interpretingqura0000benn/page/101 101] |author-link=Clinton Bennett}} * {{cite book |last=Blankinship |first=K. |year=2008 |chapter=The early creed |editor=T. 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Montgomery |title=The Formative Period of Islamic Thought |url=https://archive.org/details/formativeperiodo0000watt |publisher=University Press Edinburgh |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-85224-245-2 |author-link=William Montgomery Watt}} * {{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadprophets00watt |title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-19-881078-0 |edition=New |author-mask=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Weiss |first=Bernard G. |title=Studies in Islamic Legal Theory |publisher=Brill Academic publishers |year=2002 |isbn=978-90-04-12066-2 |location=Boston |author-link=Bernard G. Weiss}} {{Refend}} === Qaamuusyo iyo encyclopedias === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{harvc |last1=Gardet|first1=L.|last2=Jomier|first2=J.|year=2012|c=Islām |in=Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)}} {{doi|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0387}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Fahlbusch et al|2001}} |editor-last=Fahlbusch |editor-first=Erwin |display-editors=etal |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=yaecVMhMWaEC}} |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=2001 |isbn=978-90-04-11695-5 |volume=2}} * {{cite encyclopedia |year=1913–1936 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor1-last=Houtsma |editor1-first=M.T. |editor1-link=Martijn Theodoor Houtsma |editor2-first=T.W. |editor2-last=Arnold |editor2-link=Thomas Walker Arnold |editor3-first=R. |editor3-last=Basset |editor4-first=R. |editor4-last=Hartmann |edition=1st |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-08265-6 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (1st ed.)|1913–1936}}}} * {{cite encyclopedia |year=2012 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |edition=2nd |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4 |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.)|2012}}}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P.J. |issn=1573-3912 |editor1-link=Peri Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |ref={{harvid|Encyclopaedia of Islam Online|n.d.}} |date=n.d. |url=https://brill.com/view/package/eio?language=en |url-access=subscription}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2004 |title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World |series=Macmillan Reference Books |publisher=Thomson-Gale |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofis0001unse |editor-last=Martin |editor-first=Richard C. |isbn=978-0-02-865603-8}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |date=n.d. |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |editor-link=Jane Dammen McAuliffe}} * {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=2 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2002}} * {{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān |volume=3 |editor-first=Jane Dammen |editor-last=McAuliffe |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=2003}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Salamone |editor-first=Frank |edition=1st |isbn=978-0-415-94180-8 |series=Routledge Encyclopedias of Religion and Society |volume=6 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre00sala |jstor=j.ctt1jd94wq |year=2004}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=AltaMira Press |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas |editor-last=Glassé |editor-first=Cyril |series=Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam |isbn=978-0-7591-0190-6 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada |url-access=registration}} {{doi|10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001}} – via Oxford Reference. * {{Cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John |year=2004 |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-975726-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |title=The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=isDgI0-0Ip4C|page=}} |editor-last=Leaman |editor-first=Oliver |isbn=978-0-415-32639-1}} {{Refend}} == Akhrin dheeraad ah == {{Refbegin}} * Abdul-Haqq, Abdiyah Akbar (1980). ''Sharing Your Faith with a Muslim''. Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers. ''N.B''. Presents the genuine doctrines and concepts of Islam and of the Holy Qur'an, and this religion's affinities with Christianity and its Sacred Scriptures, in order to "dialogue" on the basis of what both faiths really teach. {{ISBN|0-87123-553-6}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2008 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |publisher=SAGE; Cato Institute |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |last=Ahmad |first=Imad-ad-Dean |title=Islam |author-link=Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-first=Ronald |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |pages=256–258 |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n155 |isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4 |lccn=2008009151 |oclc=750831024 |url={{Google books|yxNgXs3TkJYC|plainurl=yes}}}} * {{Cite book |last=Akyol |first=Mustafa |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwithoutextr0000akyo |title=Islam Without Extremes |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-393-07086-6 |edition=1st |author-link=Mustafa Akyol}} * {{Cite book |last=Arberry |first=A.J. |url=https://archive.org/details/koraninterpreted00ajar |title=The Koran Interpreted: A Translation |publisher=Touchstone |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-684-82507-6 |edition=1st |author-link=A. J. Arberry}} * Cragg, Kenneth (1975). ''The House of Islam'', in ''The Religious Life of Man Series''. Second ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company 1975. xiii, 145 p. {{ISBN|0-8221-0139-4}}. * {{Cite book |last=Hafez |first=Sherine |title=An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements |year=2011 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=9780814773055 |url=https://opensquare.nyupress.org/books/9780814790724/}} * {{Cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Muhammad Muhsin |title=Noble Quran |last2=Al-Hilali Khan |last3=Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=1999 |isbn=978-9960-740-79-9 |edition=1st |author-link=Muhammad Muhsin Khan}} * Khanbaghi, A, (2006). ''The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran''. I. B. Tauris. * Khavari, Farid A. (1990). ''Oil and Islam: the Ticking Bomb''. First ed. Malibu, Calif.: Roundtable Publications. viii, 277 p., ill. with maps and charts. {{ISBN|0-915677-55-5}}. * {{Cite book |title=The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis |url=https://archive.org/details/jewishdiscoveryo0000unse |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-965-224-040-8 |editor-last=Kramer |editor-first=Martin |editor-link=Martin Kramer}} * {{Cite book |last=Kuban |first=Dogan |title=Muslim Religious Architecture |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |year=1974 |isbn=978-90-04-03813-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/islamwest00lewi_0 |title=Islam and the West |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-19-509061-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesinconfli0000lewi |title=Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-19-510283-3 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Mubarkpuri |first=Saifur-Rahman |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Prophet |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-59144-071-0}} * {{Cite book |last=Najeebabadi |first=Akbar Shah |title=History of Islam |publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-59144-034-5}} * {{Cite book |last=Sayilgan |first=Salih |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/god-evil-and-suffering-in-islam/C4C89591ADAAF25F104D517C4F4634B3 |title=God, Evil, and Suffering in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9781009377294}} * {{Cite book |last=Schimmel |first=Annemarie |url=https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |title=Deciphering the Signs of God: A Phenomenological Approach to Islam |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7914-1982-3 |author-link=Annemarie Schimmel |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422154518/https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/deciphering-signs-god-phenomenological-approach-islam |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite book |last=Schuon |first=Frithjof |title=Understanding Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/understandingisl0000schu |publisher=Allen & Unwin |year=1963 |isbn=978-0941532242 |edition=3rd |author-link=Frithjof Schuon}} * {{Cite book |last=Stoddard |first=Lothrop |title=The New World of Islam |publisher=Chapman & Hall |year=1922 |url=https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/24107}} * {{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Benjamin |title=Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith |url=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofisl0000walk |publisher=Peter Owen Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7206-1038-3 |author-link=Benjamin Walker (author)}} {{Refend}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islam "Islam"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/index.shtml Religion & Ethics – Islam] Maqaallo hordhac u ah Islaamka oo ka socda BBC 7t8kei5wht7m85utrfe597qhrnz8pd8 0 2803 309495 309121 2026-09-24T17:30:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309495 wikitext text/x-wiki '''El Afweyn''' ({{langx|so|Ceelafweyn}}, {{Langx|ar|عيل أفوين}}) waa magaalo ku taal gobolka [[Sanaag]] ee [[Soomaaliya]] gaar ahaan maamulka [[Somaliland]].{{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ceelafweyn | other_name = | native_name = {{native name|so|Ceelafweyn}}<br />{{native name|ar|عيل أفوين|italic=no}} | nickname = | settlement_type = magaalo | motto = | image_skyline = El Afweyn.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = 600*600 | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Soomaaliya | subdivision_type = Wadan | subdivision_name = {{Flag|Soomaaliya}} | subdivision_type1 = Dhulka sheegta | subdivision_name1 = [[Somaliland]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Sanaag]] | subdivision_type3 = Degmo | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Ceel Afweyn]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Duqa magaalada | leader_name = Maxamed Aadan Digaale Ku xigeenka duqa magaalada Maxamed Jaamac Liibaan | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = 2012 | population_footnotes = <ref name="briggs">{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Philip Robarts |title=Somaliland: with the overland route from Addis Ababa via eastern Ethiopia the Bradt Travel Guide |date=2019 |publisher=Bradt |isbn=978-1-78477-605-3 |edition=2nd |location=Chalfont St Peter |pages=130}}</ref> | population_note = | population_total = 60,000 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|9|55|45|N|47|13|2|E|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = | name = | population_rank = [[List of cities in Somaliland|9aad]] }} Ceelafweyn waa magaalo taariikhi ah oo muhiim ah oo ku taal galbeedka gobolka [[Sanaag]] isla markaana ku taal wadada weyn ee xiriirisa magaaloyinka [[Burco]] iyo [[Ceerigaabo]]. Dhanka wadada, magaaladu waxay qiyaastii u jirtaa 283&nbsp;km dhanka bari ee Burco iyo 88&nbsp;km dhanka koonfur-galbeed ee Ceerigaabo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Distance between Ceel Afweyn, Sanaag Somalia SO and Erigavo, Sanaag Somalia SO (Sanaag, Somalia)|url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Somalia_Distance_Result.asp?state=12&vr=sehest&fromlat=9.93&fromlng=47.2166667&tolat=10.6180556&tolng=47.37&fromplace=Ceel%20Afweyn,%20Sanaag%20Somalia%20SO&toplace=Erigavo,%20Sanaag%20Somalia%20SO|access-date=2021-05-10|website=distancecalculator.globefeed.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=283 Km – Distance from burco to El Afweyn|url=http://www.distancesfrom.com/so/distance-from-burco-to-El-Afweyn-Somalia/DistanceHistory/39869829.aspx|access-date=2021-05-10|website=distancesfrom.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abokor |first=Abdi |date=2018-10-01 |title=The Proliferation of Traditional Leaders in Somaliland: Past and Present Situations |url=https://doi.org/10.55569/spdj.24594 |journal=Somaliland Peace and Development Journal |doi=10.55569/spdj.24594 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Magaaladu sidoo kale waa xarunta maamulka ee [[El Afweyn District|Degmada Ceelafweyn]]. == Taariikhda == === Xasuuqii Isaaqda === Intii lagu guda jiray [[Isaaq genocide|xasuuqii Isaaqda]], Ceelafweyn iyo dhulka ku xeeran waxay arkeen in ka badan 300 oo qof la dilay Oktoobar 1988 si aargoosi ah dhimashadii sarkaal ciidan ah oo lagu dilay miino dhulka la geliyay oo ay dhigatay jabhaddii [[Somali National Movement]] (ama SNM oo kooban). Magaalada waxaa sidoo kale duqeeyay [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ford|first1=Richard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MEdyAAAAMAAJ&q=%22killed+by+a+rebel-laid+landmine%22|title=War destroys, peace nurtures: reconciliation and development in Somalia|last2=Adam|first2=Hussein Mohamed|last3=Ismail|first3=Edna Adan|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=978-1-56902-186-6|language=en}}</ref> [[Oxfam Australia]] (oo hore loo oran jiray Community Aid Abroad) waxay ku sifeysay xaaladda Ceelafweyn sidatan:<blockquote>Waxaa la ogyahay in dad badani ay ka carareen magaalada Ceelafweyn kadib weerarro duqeyn ah oo ay fuliyeen ciidamada dowladdu. Siyaasad "guba oo dhulka dhig" ah ayaa lagu dabaqay tuulooyinka ku yaal bannaanada Ceelafweyn. Dadkan barakacayaasha ah waxay ku dhuumanayaan duurka iyaga oo aan helin cunto ku filan iyo agab caafimaad.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book|url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/somalia_1990.pdf|title=Somalia: A Government at War With Its Own People|publisher=Human Rights Watch|year=1990|page=158}}</ref></blockquote> July 2000, waxaa la sheegay in Ceelafweyn ay ahayd midda ugu daran ee ay saameeyeen fatahaaduhu gobolka Sanaag.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Food Security Analysis Unit |date=27 July 2000 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/sections-food-insecureat-risk-populations-somaliland |title=Sections of Food Insecure/At Risk Populations in Somaliland |accessdate=2021-07-04}}</ref> === Amniga === [[Jama Ali Jama]], oo si KMG ah ula wareegay madaxtooyada ka dib markii uu ka saaray madaxweynihii xilligaas ee [[Puntland]] [[Abdullahi Yusuf]] caasimadda [[Garowe]] sanadkii 2002, ayaa u baxay dhanka Ceelafweyn ka dib guuldarro culus oo ka soo gaartay Dhuudo, Puntland Diseembar 2002.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|author=interpeace|date=July 2008|title=The Puntland Experience: A Bottom-up Approach to Peace and State Building|url=https://www.interpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/2008_SomP_PDRC_Interpeace_A_Bottom_Up_Approach_To_Peace_And_Statebuilding_EN.pdf|page=27|accessdate=2021-07-04}}</ref> Maleeshiyadu waxay ku hartay Ceelafweyn, oo ah magaalo ka baxsan aagga ay sheegato Puntland,<ref>{{Cite web|author=Refworld|date=1 July 2001|title=Transitional Constitution of Puntland Regional Government|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4bc589e92.html|quote=The territorial sovereignty of Puntland shall extend to: East Region of Bari, Nugal, Sool, South Togdher (Buhodle District), Mudug except the Districts of Hobyo and Haradhere and Sanag Region except the '''District of El-Afweyn''' and Northeast of Erigavo District|accessdate=2022-02-24}}</ref> ilaa horraantii 2003 markii labada dhinac ay heshiiyeen. Qeybo ka mid ah maleeshiyada ayaa isu dhiibay ciidamada Puntland March 2003,<ref>{{Cite web|author=Allpuntland|date=14 May 2003|title=Maleeshiyadii Ceel-Afweyn oo Qaar u soo galeen Daraawiishta Puntland|url=https://mudugonline.tripod.com/2003/March/150303maanta.htm|accessdate=2021-07-04}}</ref> iyadoo maleeshiyadu lafteedu ay u soo gurtay Boosaaso bishii Abril isla sannadkaas.<ref name=":13" /> Sanadkii 2005, heshiis dhex maray Osman Aw Mohamud ([[Buurmadow]]) iyo Axmed Cali Ducaale, oo labaduba sheegtay in ay yihiin Boqor. [[House of Elders (Somaliland)|Golaha Guurtida Somaliland]] ayaa sidoo kale door muhiim ah ka qaatay heshiiskaas.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Boqor Cismaan Buur-Madow Iyo Boqor Axmed Dheere Go'aamo Hordhac Ah Ka Gaadhay Xiisadii Ceel-Afweyn |newspaper=haatuf.net |date=23 January 2005 |url=http://www.haatuf.net/Archive2003/00076700.htm#2 |accessdate=2021-07-04 }}</ref> === Dhismaha ay ka fulisay Somaliland === Qiyaastii 2010, amnigu wuxuu ahaa mid degan, waxaana la sheegay in hoggaamiyaha xisbiga mucaaradka ee [[Kulmiye Peace, Unity, and Development Party]] uu halkaas ka jeediyay khudbad olole doorasho ah.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Madaxda xisbiyada oo ololeynaya. |publisher=BBC |date=18 June 2010 |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war/2010/06/100618_ololeyntadoorashadasomaliland |accessdate=2021-07-04 }}</ref> Sanadkii 2012, dowladda Somaliland waxay qodday ceel 350 mitir ah, oo ay si buuxda u maalgelisay dowladda dhexe, si ay biyo nadiif ah u siiso in ka badan 1,000 qoys.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Somaliland: Governmen20t to Avail El-Afweyne Residents Safe Drinking Water |newspaper=Somaliland Sun |date=10 March 2012 |url=https://www.somalilandsun.com/somaliland-government-to-avail-el-afweyne-residents-safe-drinking-water/ |accessdate=2021-07-04 }}</ref> === Khilaafka Beelaha iyo Heshiisiinta === Ceelafweyn waxay ahayd goob ay ka dhaceen dagaallo muddo dheer soo jiitamayay oo billowday 2015 kuwaas oo ku saabsanaa daaqsin, biyo yaraan, iyo muranno ku saabsan awoodda siyaasadeed iyo saameynta laba bulsho oo deegaanka degta ah.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somalia - Security Situation in Somalia (last update: August 2020) - ecoi.net|url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/countries/somalia/featured-topics/security-situation/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=ecoi.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Peace and Strategic Policy Center|url=https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=136179524498784&id=112353013548102|access-date=2021-05-10|via=Facebook|language=en}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=July 2022}} Khilaafka ayaa markii dambe la xaliyay bartamihii July 2018 iyada oo la kaashanayo ergo uu hoggaaminayay maamul ka socda Akademiyadda Nabadda iyo Horumarinta (AFD) oo ka tirsan dowladda Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Somaliland: 'Declaration of Peace' Halts Protracted Conflict in Ceel Afweyn – Somalia|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somaliland-declaration-peace-halts-protracted-conflict-ceel-afweyn|access-date=2021-05-10|website=ReliefWeb|language=en}}</ref> Laakiin isla bishii Sebtembar waxaa dhacay dagaal kale oo dhimasho sababay.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Akhriso:-Khasaaraha Ka Dhashay Dagaal Dhex Maray Laba Maleeshiyo Beeleed |newspaper=radiodalsan.com |date=6 September 2018 |url=https://www.radiodalsan.com/akhriso-khasaaraha-ka-dhashay-dagaal-dhex-maray-laba-maleeshiyo-beeleed/ |accessdate=2021-07-04 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183612/https://www.radiodalsan.com/akhriso-khasaaraha-ka-dhashay-dagaal-dhex-maray-laba-maleeshiyo-beeleed/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 23 Sebtembar 2018, waxaa la furay wadada laamiga ah ee u dhexeyso [[Ceerigaabo]] iyo Ceelafweyn.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Somaliland: Waddada laamiga ah ee u dhexeeysa Ceerigaabo iyo Ceel-Afweyn oo la furay |publisher=BBC |date=23 September 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-45617551 |accessdate=2021-07-04 }}</ref> 5 Nofeembar 2019, heshiis nabadeed oo dhex maray laba beelood oo dirirtay ayaa lagu dawaaqay Ceelafweyn.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Heshiis la dhex-dhigay beelo ku dagaalamay Ceel-Afweyn |newspaper=badweyntimes.net |date=5 November 2019 |url=https://badweyntimes.net/heshiis-la-dhex-dhigay-beelo-ku-dagaalamay-ceel-afweyn/ |accessdate=2021-07-04 }}</ref> 27 Maajo 2020, Wasaaradda Deegaanka ee Somaliland ayaa qabatay dhir qoyan oo si sharci darro ah looga jaray degmada Ceelafweyn, waxayna ku dawaaqday in dowladdu ay la wareegi doonto maamulka keynta.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ceel-Afweyn: Wasaaradda Deegaanka Oo Qabatay Dhir Qoyan Oo La Soo Jaray |newspaper=Hargeisa Press |date=27 May 2020 |url=https://hargeisapress.com/ceel-afweyn-wasaaradda-deegaanka-oo-qabatay-dhir-qoyan-oo-la-soo-jaray/ |accessdate=2021-07-04 }}</ref> == Qadiimiga== Magaalada Ceelafweyn waxaa ku yaal goobo qadiimi ah oo ay ka mid yihiin godad taariikhi ah iyo sawirro dhagaxaanta lagu xardhay. 1972, koox wada jir ah oo ka socotay Soomaaliya/Midowgii Sofiyet ayaa timid Ceelafweyn si ay u baaraan xardhankan dhagaxa ah.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ivanova|first=Lyubov|title=The Somali-Soviet Expedition of 1971–1972|url=https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1227&context=bildhaan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116120215/https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1227&context=bildhaan |archive-date=2021-01-16 }}</ref> Ceelafweyn sidoo kale waa hoy ay ku yaalliin taallooyin badan iyo goobta farshaxanka dhagaxa ee God-Hardune oo u dhow magaalada.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rodríguez|first=Jorge de Torres|year=2018|title=Against All Odds: The History of Archaeological Research in Somaliland and Somalia|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0271|journal=Northeast African Studies|volume=18|issue=1–2|pages=271–310|doi=10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0271|jstor=10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0271|issn=0740-9133|hdl=10261/216289|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ceelafweyn waxaa u dhow magaalada Islaamiga ah ee burbursan ee [[Maduna]], taas oo loo arko mid ka mid ah burburrada ugu waaweyn uguna fudud ee noociisa ah ee laga heli karo Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dev |first=Bradt Guides |title=Maduna ruins |url=https://www.bradtguides.com/destinations/africa/somaliland/madana-ruins/ |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=Bradt Guides |language=en-GB |archive-date=4 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304224300/https://www.bradtguides.com/destinations/africa/somaliland/madana-ruins/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Philip |title=Somaliland : with Addis Ababa & Eastern Ethiopia |url=https://archive.org/details/somalilandwithad0000brig |date=2012 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-84162-371-9 |location=Chalfont St. Peter, Bucks, England |pages=[https://archive.org/details/somalilandwithad0000brig/page/128 128]–129 |oclc=766336307}}</ref> Qaab-dhismeedka ugu weyn ee magaaladan burbursan waxaa ka mid ah masaajid weyn oo leydi ah, kaas oo derbiyadiisa 3-mitir dhererka ah ay weli taagan yihiin oo ay ku jiraan miхраab iyo suurtogal in ay ku jiraan meelo yar yar oo qaab arc ah.<ref name=":02" /> Masaajidka waxaa ku xeeran guryo duug ah oo badan, kuwaas oo inta badan qayb ahaan taagan.<ref name=":02" /> Guryaha waxaa ku jira qolal saqaf leh, iyo sidoo kale dhismayaal dome ah oo aan lahayn albaabo ama daaqado.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Somaliland: archaeology in a breakaway state {{!}} Sada Mire |url=https://www.sadamire.com/somaliland-archaeology-in-a-breakaway-state/ |access-date=2022-03-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Jiirada hoose ee magaaladan burbursan waxaa ka taagan geedka weyn ee Ciika (Baobab), kaas oo cabirkiisu muujinayo in la beeray xilligii magaaladu ay dadku deganaayeen.<ref name=":02" /> Wax badan lagama oga taariikhda Maduna, qaab-dhismeedkeeda dhagaxa qalalan wuxuu tilmaamayaa in Maduna ay la mid ahayd magaalooyinka kale ee burbursan ee Somaliland sida [[Amud|Amoud]] iyo [[Abasa, Awdal|Abasa]], taas oo la macne ah in Maduna ay u badneyd inay qeyb ka ahayd [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]].<ref name=":02" /> Khabiirka qadiimiga ah ee u dhalatay Iswiidhan-Soomaaliya [[Sada Mire]] waxay magaaladan burbursan ku taariikheynaysaa qarniyadii 15aad ilaa 17aad.<ref name=":1" /> == Dhirta iyo Duurjoogta == Ceelafweyn waxaa ku nool ururin kala duwan oo dhir iyo duurjoog ah, gaar ahaan shimbiraha. Shimbiraha ku dhalan magaalada waxaa ka mid ah Shimbir-Biyoodka madaxa buluuga ah, Shimbir-Biyoodka baalasha cad, shimbiraha socotada ah, Gabar-Waceyska, Shimbir-Biyoodka Squacco, [[Egyptian vulture|Gorgorka Masar]], Wattled Starling iyo Lappet-faced Vulture.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Redman|first=Nigel|date=9-27 September 2012|title=DJIBOUTI & SOMALILAND|url=https://www.birdquest-tours.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/SOMALILAND-REP-12-ebook.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226235754/https://www.birdquest-tours.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/SOMALILAND-REP-12-ebook.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-26 }}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha == Dhaqaalaha Ceelafweyn wuxuu inta badan ku saleysan yahay dhoofinta xoolaha. Magaaladu waa hoyga suuqyada xoolaha ee ugu waaweyn gobolka Sanaag, waana mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu waaweyn Geeska Afrika. Suuqa xooluhu wuxuu maareeyaa xoolaha ka yimaada dhamaan geesaha dhulka Soomaaliyeed wuxuuna soo saaraa boqolkiiba muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dakhliga magaalada.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d2EwAQAAIAAJ&q=yiroowe|title=A Self-portrait of Somaliland: Rebuilding from the Ruins|date=1999|publisher=Somaliland Centre for Peace and Development|language=en}}</ref> == Waxbarashada == Waxaa ku yaal sagaal dugsi hoose iyo dhexe oo ku yaal Ceelafweyn, oo ay ku jiraan Dugsiga Aadan Abokor Qorsheel iyo Dugsiga Hoose iyo Dhexe ee Nugaal, Dugsiga Hoose ee God-Barwaaqo, Dugsiga Hoose iyo Dhexe ee Dhabar-mamac, iyo kuwo kale.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 September 2019|title=Somaliland: Conflict of El-Afwayn disrupts education for hundreds of children|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2019/09/01/somaliland-conflict-of-el-afwayn-disrupts-education-for-hundreds-of-children/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=Horn Diplomat|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510170305/https://www.horndiplomat.com/2019/09/01/somaliland-conflict-of-el-afwayn-disrupts-education-for-hundreds-of-children/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aadan Abokor Qoorsheel|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place//@9.9302483,47.2188966,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0xf5d523510887832a?entry=s&sa=X&hl=sv-se&ved=2ahUKEwjv8_O6x7_wAhUK8BQKHcORA4MQ_BIwB3oECBQQLg|access-date=2021-05-10|website=Aadan Abokor Qoorsheel|language=sv-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NUGAAL P&I SCHOOLS|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place//@9.9245192,47.2225979,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x58cd0592799c8ea7?entry=s&sa=X&hl=sv-se&ved=2ahUKEwjY5eWKyL_wAhXOA2MBHZzVAggQ_BIwB3oECBkQLw|access-date=2021-05-10|website=NUGAAL P&I SCHOOLS|language=sv-US}}</ref> == Dadweynaha == Laga soo bilaabo 2012 Ceelafweyn waxay leedahay dad lagu qiyaasay 60,000.<ref name="briggs">{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Philip Robarts |title=Somaliland: with the overland route from Addis Ababa via eastern Ethiopia the Bradt Travel Guide |date=2019 |publisher=Bradt |isbn=978-1-78477-605-3 |edition=2nd |location=Chalfont St Peter |pages=130}}</ref> Waxaa inta badan deggan [[Habr Je'lo]] oo ka tirsan qoys-beeleedka [[Isaaq]],<ref>{{Cite journal|date=February 2016|title=EASO Country of Origin Information Report Somalia – Security Situation|url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1158113/1226_1457606427_easo-somalia-security-feb-2016.pdf|journal=European Asylum Support Office|pages=72|quote=The Ceel Afweyn district is mainly inhabited by the Isaaq subclan Habar Jeelo.}}</ref> gaar ahaan [[Musa Abokor|Bi'ide]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=30 August 2018|title=S/2018/800 – Security Council Report|url=https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2018_800.pdf|journal=United Nations Security Council|pages=4}}</ref> iyo laan-beeleedka [[Habar Yoonis]] ee ka tirsan [[Garhajis]] [[Isaaq]], gaar ahaan Sacad Yuunis.<ref name=":0" /> == Dad caan ah == {{Portal|Somaliland}} <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their OWN article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> * [[Bashir Abdi]] – Orodyahan Soomaali-Belgian ah oo ku guuleystay billadda naxaasta ah ee [[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|maratoonka]] ciyaaraha [[2020 Summer Olympics|Olimbikada Xagaaga 2020]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Wiilashii Soomaalida oo guul wayn Yurub uga soo hooyay Maaradoonka Tokyo|language=so|work=BBC News Somali|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-58133305|access-date=2021-08-11}}</ref> * [[Mohammed Ahmed (runner)|Mohammed Ahmed]] – Orodyahan fogaan-dheer oo reer Kanada ah. Ahmed wuxuu ku guuleystay billadda lacagta ah ciyaaraha [[2020 Tokyo Olympics]] tartanka 5000m == Tixraacyada == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/12/Ceel_Afweyn.html Ceel Afweyn, Somalia Page] {{Portal bar|Somaliland}} [[Category:Populated places in Sanaag]] slirpql1s06qlrydz1r0gl64o48idvb 0 4401 309585 303479 2026-09-24T22:06:34Z Mm66oui 47555 309585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|31|35|type:country|display=title}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Dawladda Israaiil |native_name = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|he|מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל|italics=off}}|{{native name|ar|دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل|italics=off}}}} |common_name = Israel |image_flag = Flag of Israel.svg |alt_flag = Centered blue star within a horizontal triband |image_coat = |alt_coat = Centered menorah surrounded by two olive branches |symbol_type = Emblem |national_anthem = {{native phrase|he|"[[Hatikvah]]"|italics=off}}<br />{{small|"Rajada"}} |image_map = Israel (orthographic projection).svg |alt_map = Projection of Asia with Israel in green |map_width = 220px |capital = [[Qudus]] <small>(''sheegtay'')</small> [[Talaabiib]] <small>(''la aqoonsan yahay'')</small> |latd=31 |latm=47 |latNS=N |longd=34 |longm=47 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Hebrow]]|[[Carabi]]}} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list|75.3% [[Israeli Jews|Yuhuudi]]|20.7% [[Arab citizens of Israel|Carab]]}} |ethnic_groups_year = 2013 |demonym = [[Israa'iiliyiinta|Israa'iil]] |government_type = {{nowrap|Kalitalisnimo xasuuq <br />}} |leader_title1 = [[President of Israel|Madaxweyne]] |leader_name1 = [[Isaac Herzog]] |leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Israel|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] |leader_name2 = [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] |legislature = [[Knesset]] |sovereignty_type = [[History of Israel|Madaxbanaanida]] |sovereignty_note = [[Boqortooyada Britain]] |established_event1 = [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|Madaxbanaanidii lagu dhawaaqay]] |established_date1 = 14 May 1948 |established_event2 = [[Israel, Palestine, and the United Nations|Aqoonsiga]] |established_date2 = 1 May 1949 |area_km2 = 20,770{{\}}22,072 ([[List of countries and dependencies by area|153rd]]) |area_sq_mi = 8,019{{\}}8,522 |area_magnitude = 1 E+10 |percent_water = 2.12 (440&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}170&nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}}) |population_estimate = 8,051,200<ref>[http://www1.cbs.gov.il/webpub/pub/text_page_eng.html?publ=93 Monthly Bulletin of Statistics for Population, August 2013 Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2013 |population_estimate_rank = 96th |population_census = 7,412,200<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The 2008 Israel Integrated Census of Population and Housing, Israel Central Bureau of Statistics 28 December 2008 |url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/www/mifkad/mifkad_2008/profiles/rep_e_000000.pdf |access-date=10 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2013 |archive-date=14 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114031326/http://www1.cbs.gov.il/www/mifkad/mifkad_2008/profiles/rep_e_000000.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |population_census_year = 2008 |population_census_rank = 99th |population_density_km2 = 387.63 |population_density_sq_mi = 1,004.00 |population_density_rank = 34th |GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$474.504 billion<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2014&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=436&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=&pr.x=13&pr.y=9 Report for Selected Countries and Subjects, October 2013, International Monetary Fund]</ref>}} |GDP_PPP_rank = 49th |GDP_PPP_year = 2017 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $33,975 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$132.737 billion}} |GDP_nominal_rank = 43rd |GDP_nominal_year = 2020 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $33,951 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita_year = 2013 |Gini_year = 2008 |Gini = 39.2 |Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Distribution of family income – Gini index, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, September 1, 2009 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |access-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 10, 2013 |archive-date=Bisha Shanaad 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |Gini_rank = 66th |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_rank = 16th |currency = [[Sheqelka cusub Israa'iil]] ({{rtl-lang|he|₪}}) |currency_code = ILS |time_zone = [[Israel Standard Time]] |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = [[Israel Summer Time]] |utc_offset_DST = +3 |date_format = {{unbulleted list|dd-mm-yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]])}} |drives_on = Xaq |calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Israel|+972]] |cctld = [[.il]] }} '''Israaiil''' ([[Af-Hebrow]]: יִשְׂרָאֵל‎, Yisra'el; [[Af-Carabi]]: إِسْرَائِيلُ‎, Isrā'īl) waa wadan ku taal Bariga Dhexe oo xuduud la leh [[Lubnaan]], [[Urdun]], [[Masar]], [[Suuriya]], iyo [[Daanta galbeed]], [[Marinka Gaza]]. Carabta iyo sidoo kale wadamo badan oo Islaami ah iyo dhulka falastiiniyiinta ayaa muddo dheer la dagaalamayay Israa’iil, kaas oo ilaa maanta socda. 60sano kadib dhulka falastiin waxaa la kala dhahaa [[Marinka Gaza]] iyo [[daanta galbeed]]. Magaalada caasimadda ah ee Israa'iil waa Quddus. Sanadkii 1947, Qaramada Midoobay waxay ogolaatay Qorshe Iskudhin ah oo Falastiin ku talinaysa in la abuuro dalal madaxbannaan oo ka madaxbannaan Carabta iyo Yuhuuda iyo Yeruusaalem oo caalami ah. Qorshaha waxaa aqbalay hay'adda Yuhuudda, oo ay diideen hoggaamiyeyaasha Carbeed. Sanadka soo socda, hay'adda Yuhuuddu waxay ku dhawaaqday inay madaxbannaan tahay dalka Israel, iyo 1948dii dagaalkii Carabta ee Israa'iil ka dib markii uu Israel ka abuuray dhismihii hore ee mandiqadda hore, halka Bankiga Galbeedka iyo Gaza ay qabsadeen dalalka jaarka ah. Waxay sharciyaddeeda u ballaarisay Golan Dhulbahante iyo Bariga Yeruusaalem, laakiin maaha Bankiga Galbeedka. Dadaallo lagu xalinayo colaadda Israa’iil iyo Falastiin ma aysan dhalin heshiis nabadeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heshiisyo nabadeed oo u dhexeeya Israa'iil iyo labada Masar iyo Urdun ayaa la saxiixay. ==Xubin== * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] ==Waddnamha Le Deggan Israel== * {{Flag|France}} 2,000+ *. * {{Flag|Australia}} 200+ *. * {{Flag|Greece}} 100+ *url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722083009/https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. .[<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/s/Soviet_Union.htm |access-date=2022-11-08 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163107/https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/s/Soviet_Union.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. Qawaaniintiisa aasaasiga ah, Israel ayaa isu muujinaysa sida Yuhuudda iyo dimuqraadiyadda. Israel waa dimuqraadiyad wakiil ah nidaamka baarlamaanku, wakiilnimada saami iyo codbixinta caalamiga ah Ra'iisul wasaaraha waa madaxa dawladda, Knesset waa sharci dejinta. Israel waa waddan horumarsan iyo xubin ka mid ah OECD, oo leh dhaqaalaha 33-ka ugu weyn adduunka adigoo soo saarey wax soo saarka gudaha ee sannadka 2018. Dalka ayaa ka faa'iideysanaya shaqaale xirfad sare leh wuxuuna ka mid yahay dalalka ugu aqoonta badan dunida mid ka mid ah boqolleyda ugu badan ee muwaadiniinta haysta shahaadada waxbarashada heerka jaamacadeed. Israel waxay leedahay heerka ugu sarreeya ee ku nool Bariga Dhexe, waxayna leedahay mid ka mid ah rajooyinka nolosha ee ugu weyn adduunka. [[File:Ashkelon_Panorama_Image.JPG|thumb|right|397px|City of Ashleklon]] [[File:Central_station_from_the_air.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Capital City: Tel Aviv]] [[File:Israel_Railways_Map_(en).png|thumb|right|399px|Ysrael]] The State of Israel is divided into six main administrative [[Districts of Israel|districts]], known as ''mehozot'' (מחוזות; singular: ''mahoz'')&nbsp;– [[Central District (Israel)|Center]], [[Haifa District|Haifa]], [[Jerusalem District|Jerusalem]], [[Northern District (Israel)|North]], [[Southern District (Israel)|South]], and [[Tel Aviv District|Tel Aviv]] districts, as well as the [[Judea and Samaria Area]] in the [[West Bank]]. All of the Judea and Samaria Area and parts of the Jerusalem and Northern districts are not recognized internationally as part of Israel. Districts are further divided into fifteen sub-districts known as ''nafot'' (נפות; singular: ''nafa''), which are themselves partitioned into fifty natural regions.<ref>[http://www.cbs.gov.il/shnaton53/download/st_eng01.doc Central Bureau of Statistics Introduction to the Tables: Geophysical Characteristics]</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2"| District ! rowspan="2"| Capital ! rowspan="2"| Largest city ! colspan="4"| Population<ref>[http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_17&CYear=2017 Localities and Population, by Population Group, District, Sub-District and Natural Region 6 September 2017 Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]</ref> |- ! Jews ! Arabs ! Total ! class="unsortable"| note |- ! [[Jerusalem District|Jerusalem]] | colspan="2"| [[Qudus|Jerusalem]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|721300|1083300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|344500|1083300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1083300|1,083,300}} | {{ref|jerusalemdistrict|a}} |- ! [[Northern District (Israel)|North]] | [[Nazareth Illit]] | [[Nazareth]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|603400|1401300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|752700|1401300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1401300|1,401,300}} | |- ! [[Haifa District|Haifa]] | colspan="2"| [[Haifa]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|679400|996300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|255100|996300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|0996300|996,300}} | |- ! [[Central District (Israel)|Center]] | [[Ramla]] | [[Rishon LeZion]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|1852400|2115800}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|172700|2115800}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|2115800|2,115,800}} | |- ! [[Tel Aviv District|Tel Aviv]] | colspan="2"| [[Tel Aviv]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|1289500|1388400}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|20900|1388400}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1388400|1,388,400}} | |- ! [[Southern District (Israel)|South]] | [[Beersheba]] | [[Ashdod]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|909200|1244200}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|250800|1244200}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1244200|1,244,200}} | |- ! [[Judea and Samaria District|Judea and Samaria]] | [[Ariel (city)|Ariel]] | [[Modi'in Illit]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|391000|399300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|600|399300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|0399300|399,300}} | {{ref|judeaandsamaria|b}} |} * [[Israaiil Visa Dalalka]] * [[Dooxada Eelaah]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == {{lowercase title}} <references/> {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Israaiil| ]] {{commons|ישראל / إسرائيل}} 4pzsvcfhtfkk7gt401a5dkhfv9b89qx 309586 309585 2026-09-24T22:08:33Z Mm66oui 47555 Corretta grammatica 309586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|31|35|type:country|display=title}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Dawladda Israaiil |native_name = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|he|מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל|italics=off}}|{{native name|ar|دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل|italics=off}}}} |common_name = Israel |image_flag = Flag of Israel.svg |alt_flag = Centered blue star within a horizontal triband |image_coat = |alt_coat = Centered menorah surrounded by two olive branches |symbol_type = Emblem |national_anthem = {{native phrase|he|"[[Hatikvah]]"|italics=off}}<br />{{small|"Rajada"}} |image_map = Israel (orthographic projection).svg |alt_map = Projection of Asia with Israel in green |map_width = 220px |capital = [[Qudus]] <small>(''sheegtay'')</small> [[Talaabiib]] <small>(''la aqoonsan yahay'')</small> |latd=31 |latm=47 |latNS=N |longd=34 |longm=47 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Hebrow]]|[[Carabi]]}} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list|75.3% [[Israeli Jews|Yuhuudi]]|20.7% [[Arab citizens of Israel|Carab]]}} |ethnic_groups_year = 2013 |demonym = [[Israa'iiliyiinta|Israa'iil]] |government_type = {{nowrap|Kalitalisnimo xasuuq <br />}} |leader_title1 = [[President of Israel|Madaxweyne]] |leader_name1 = [[Isaac Herzog]] |leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Israel|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] |leader_name2 = [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] |legislature = [[Knesset]] |sovereignty_type = [[History of Israel|Madaxbanaanida]] |sovereignty_note = [[Boqortooyada Britain]] |established_event1 = [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|Madaxbanaanidii lagu dhawaaqay]] |established_date1 = 14 May 1948 |established_event2 = [[Israel, Palestine, and the United Nations|Aqoonsiga]] |established_date2 = 1 May 1949 |area_km2 = 20,770{{\}}22,072 ([[List of countries and dependencies by area|153rd]]) |area_sq_mi = 8,019{{\}}8,522 |area_magnitude = 1 E+10 |percent_water = 2.12 (440&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}170&nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}}) |population_estimate = 8,051,200<ref>[http://www1.cbs.gov.il/webpub/pub/text_page_eng.html?publ=93 Monthly Bulletin of Statistics for Population, August 2013 Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2013 |population_estimate_rank = 96th |population_census = 7,412,200<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The 2008 Israel Integrated Census of Population and Housing, Israel Central Bureau of Statistics 28 December 2008 |url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/www/mifkad/mifkad_2008/profiles/rep_e_000000.pdf |access-date=10 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2013 |archive-date=14 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114031326/http://www1.cbs.gov.il/www/mifkad/mifkad_2008/profiles/rep_e_000000.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |population_census_year = 2008 |population_census_rank = 99th |population_density_km2 = 387.63 |population_density_sq_mi = 1,004.00 |population_density_rank = 34th |GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$474.504 billion<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2014&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=436&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=&pr.x=13&pr.y=9 Report for Selected Countries and Subjects, October 2013, International Monetary Fund]</ref>}} |GDP_PPP_rank = 49th |GDP_PPP_year = 2017 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $33,975 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$132.737 billion}} |GDP_nominal_rank = 43rd |GDP_nominal_year = 2020 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $33,951 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita_year = 2013 |Gini_year = 2008 |Gini = 39.2 |Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Distribution of family income – Gini index, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, September 1, 2009 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |access-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 10, 2013 |archive-date=Bisha Shanaad 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |Gini_rank = 66th |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_rank = 16th |currency = [[Sheqelka cusub Israa'iil]] ({{rtl-lang|he|₪}}) |currency_code = ILS |time_zone = [[Israel Standard Time]] |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = [[Israel Summer Time]] |utc_offset_DST = +3 |date_format = {{unbulleted list|dd-mm-yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]])}} |drives_on = Xaq |calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Israel|+972]] |cctld = [[.il]] }} '''Israaiil''' ([[Af-Hebrow]]: יִשְׂרָאֵל‎, Yisra'el; [[Af-Carabi]]: إِسْرَائِيلُ‎, Isrā'īl) waa wadan ku taal Bariga Dhexe oo xuduud la leh [[Lubnaan]], [[Urdun]], [[Masar]], [[Suuriya]], iyo [[Daanta galbeed]], [[Marinka Gaza]]. Carabta iyo sidoo kale wadamo badan oo Islaami ah iyo dhulka falastiiniyiinta ayaa muddo dheer la dagaalamayay Israa’iil, kaas oo ilaa maanta socda. 60sano kadib dhulka falastiin waxaa la kala dhahaa [[Marinka Gaza]] iyo [[daanta galbeed]]. Magaalada caasimadda ah ee Israa'iil waa Quddus. Sanadkii 1947, Qaramada Midoobay waxay ogolaatay Qorshe Iskudhin ah oo Falastiin ku talinaysa in la abuuro dalal madaxbannaan oo ka madaxbannaan Carabta iyo Yuhuuda iyo Yeruusaalem oo caalami ah. Qorshaha waxaa aqbalay hay'adda Yuhuudda, oo ay diideen hoggaamiyeyaasha Carbeed. Sanadka soo socda, hay'adda Yuhuuddu waxay ku dhawaaqday inay madaxbannaan tahay dalka Israel, iyo 1948dii dagaalkii Carabta ee Israa'iil ka dib markii uu Israel ka abuuray dhismihii hore ee mandiqadda hore, halka Bankiga Galbeedka iyo Gaza ay qabsadeen dalalka jaarka ah. Waxay sharciyaddeeda u ballaarisay Golan Dhulbahante iyo Bariga Yeruusaalem, laakiin maaha Bankiga Galbeedka. Dadaallo lagu xalinayo colaadda Israa’iil iyo Falastiin ma aysan dhalin heshiis nabadeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heshiisyo nabadeed oo u dhexeeya Israa'iil iyo labada Masar iyo Urdun ayaa la saxiixay. ==Xubin== * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] ==Waddnamha Le Deggan Israel== * {{Flag|France}} 2,000+ *. * {{Flag|Australia}} 200+ *. * {{Flag|Greece}} 100+ *url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722083009/https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. .[<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/s/Soviet_Union.htm |access-date=2022-11-08 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163107/https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/s/Soviet_Union.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. Qawaaniintiisa aasaasiga ah, Israel ayaa isu muujinaysa sida Yuhuudda iyo dimuqraadiyadda. Israel waa dimuqraadiyad wakiil ah nidaamka baarlamaanku, wakiilnimada saami iyo codbixinta caalamiga ah Ra'iisul wasaaraha waa madaxa dawladda, Knesset waa sharci dejinta. Israel waa waddan horumarsan iyo xubin ka mid ah OECD, oo leh dhaqaalaha 33-ka ugu weyn adduunka adigoo soo saarey wax soo saarka gudaha ee sannadka 2018. Dalka ayaa ka faa'iideysanaya shaqaale xirfad sare leh wuxuuna ka mid yahay dalalka ugu aqoonta badan dunida mid ka mid ah boqolleyda ugu badan ee muwaadiniinta haysta shahaadada waxbarashada heerka jaamacadeed. Israel waxay leedahay heerka ugu sarreeya ee ku nool Bariga Dhexe, waxayna leedahay mid ka mid ah rajooyinka nolosha ee ugu weyn adduunka. [[File:Ashkelon_Panorama_Image.JPG|thumb|right|397px|City of Ashleklon]] [[File:Central_station_from_the_air.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Capital City: Tel Aviv]] [[File:Israel_Railways_Map_(en).png|thumb|right|399px|Ysrael]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center |} |- ! rowspan="2"| District ! rowspan="2"| Capital ! rowspan="2"| Largest city ! colspan="4"| Population<ref>[http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_17&CYear=2017 Localities and Population, by Population Group, District, Sub-District and Natural Region 6 September 2017 Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]</ref> |- ! Jews ! Arabs ! Total ! class="unsortable"| note |- ! [[Jerusalem District|Jerusalem]] | colspan="2"| [[Qudus|Jerusalem]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|721300|1083300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|344500|1083300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1083300|1,083,300}} | {{ref|jerusalemdistrict|a}} |- ! [[Northern District (Israel)|North]] | [[Nazareth Illit]] | [[Nazareth]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|603400|1401300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|752700|1401300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1401300|1,401,300}} | |- ! [[Haifa District|Haifa]] | colspan="2"| [[Haifa]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|679400|996300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|255100|996300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|0996300|996,300}} | |- ! [[Central District (Israel)|Center]] | [[Ramla]] | [[Rishon LeZion]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|1852400|2115800}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|172700|2115800}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|2115800|2,115,800}} | |- ! [[Tel Aviv District|Tel Aviv]] | colspan="2"| [[Tel Aviv]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|1289500|1388400}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|20900|1388400}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1388400|1,388,400}} | |- ! [[Southern District (Israel)|South]] | [[Beersheba]] | [[Ashdod]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|909200|1244200}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|250800|1244200}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1244200|1,244,200}} | |- ! [[Judea and Samaria District|Judea and Samaria]] | [[Ariel (city)|Ariel]] | [[Modi'in Illit]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|391000|399300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|600|399300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|0399300|399,300}} | {{ref|judeaandsamaria|b}} |} * [[Israaiil Visa Dalalka]] * [[Dooxada Eelaah]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == {{lowercase title}} <references/> {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Israaiil| ]] {{commons|ישראל / إسرائيل}} djysutcauqgft4vkxy0qw9jrfqevb8w 0 5013 309584 266599 2026-09-24T22:05:19Z Mm66oui 47555 Aggiunti collegamenti 309584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|31|25|N|34|20|E|region:PS_type:adm1st_scale:300000|display=title}} [[File:Gaza Strip map2-ar1.svg|thumb|Marinka Gaza]] '''Marinka Gaza''' ([[Af-Carabi]] قطاع غزة) waa dhul yar oo ka mid ah dhuka [[Falastiin]], oona lagu xiray shacabka falastiinta. Dadka degen Gaza, waxee garayaan, 1.5 milyan oo qof. Waxeena xuduud la leeyihiin, [[Masar]] oo ka xigta Koonfur galbeed, iyo [[Israaiil]] oo ka xigta koonfur bari. Sida la xaqiijiyay, guryo badan oo yahuuda leedahay, ayaa laga dhisay, meelo badan oo ka mid ah Gaza, 2005 waxaa dhacday, in ee yahuuda dib uuga laabtaan, guryo dhiska ee ku haayeen caradaas. Laakiinsa wali waxee gacanta ku haayaan, meelo badan oo ka mid ah Gaza, sida garoonka diyaaradaha iyo xeebaha. Yahuuda waxee ku indho adagyihiin in ee gaza ka midtahay dhulka Israaiil. Ayaga oo maalin kasto ku wada, dil iyo isbaarooyiin aad u farabadan. [[Category:Falastiin]] p7e22kjkvpzjt98uvz3fnr72mwi4xzd 309588 309584 2026-09-25T02:34:27Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Mm66oui|Mm66oui]] ([[User talk:Mm66oui|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:QalasQalas|QalasQalas]] 240700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|31|25|N|34|20|E|region:PS_type:adm1st_scale:300000|display=title}} [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|thumb|Calanka Falastiin]] [[File:Gaza Strip map2-ar1.svg|thumb|Marinka Gaza]] '''Marinka Gaza''' ([[Af-Carabi]] قطاع غزة) waa dhul yar oo ka mid ah dhuka [[Falastiin]], oona lagu xiray shacabka falastiinta. Dadka degen Gaza, waxee garayaan, 1.5 milyan oo qof. Waxeena xuduud la leeyihiin, [[Masar]] oo ka xigta Koonfur galbeed, iyo [[Israaiil]] oo ka xigta koonfur bari. Sida la xaqiijiyay, guryo badan oo yahuuda leedahay, ayaa laga dhisay, meelo badan oo ka mid ah Gaza, 2005 waxaa dhacday, in ee yahuuda dib uuga laabtaan, guryo dhiska ee ku haayeen caradaas. Laakiinsa wali waxee gacanta ku haayaan, meelo badan oo ka mid ah Gaza, sida garoonka diyaaradaha iyo xeebaha. Yahuuda waxee ku indho adagyihiin in ee gaza ka midtahay dhulka Israaiil. Ayaga oo maalin kasto ku wada, dil iyo isbaarooyiin aad u farabadan. [[Category:Falastiin]] cc944gui5t6c6hyi6afhm2rftael1je 0 7248 309583 274153 2026-09-24T21:59:54Z Mm66oui 47555 Corretto errore di battitura 309583 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Ogaden National Liberation Front.svg|thumb|Calanka Ogaden]] {{Short description|Social and political movement in Ogaden, Ethiopia}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2026}} {{Infobox political party | name = Ogaden National Liberation Front <br /> الجبهة الوطنية لتحرير أوجادين | abbreviation = ONLF, JWXO | native_name = Jabhadda Waddaniga Xoreynta Ogaadeeniya | logo = Jawxo save.jpg | foundation = {{start date and age|1984|8|15|df=y}} | position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] | ideology = [[Somali nationalism]] | colors = [[Cagaar]], [[Bluug]], [[Cassan]] | split = [[Western Somali Liberation Front]] | flag = Flag of Ogaden National Liberation Front.svg | colorcode = {{party colour|Ogaden National Liberation Front}} | leader = [[Sheikh Ibrahim Abdalla Mohamed ''MAH"]] (1991–1998) <br /> [[Mohammed Omar Osman]] (1998–2018) <br /> [[Cabdiraxmaan Mahdi]] (since 2018) | website = http://onlf.org/ | country = Ogaden }} '''Jabhadda Wadaniga Xoreynta ogaadeeniya''' waa jabhad hubaysan oo dagaal dheer oo gobonimo doon kulajirta Gumaysiga [[Itoobiya]] waxay u dagaalamayaan in gobolka somalida ee [[Ogaden]] uu dib u helo madaxbanaanidooda Dalka Ogaden dhaqan dhaqaale ahaan ka mid maaha Itoobiya balse maamul ahaan ayaa ciidamada Itoobiya xoog ugu joogaan taaso horseeday dagaal hubaysan in kala horyimaadeen [[dad]]ka Ogaadeenya dagaalka oo hab shacab u jira ayaa maamul ahaan hagistiisu marxaladdo iyo hogaamin nidaam oo kala duwan soo martay nidaamyadaas dagaalka habka umadnimo u jira hagaaya waxaa u danbaysay Jabhadda Waddaniga Xoraynta Ogadenya oo ku guulaystay Gumaysiga Itoobiya in kala furfurto oo wajaho dagaalo gudahiisa taaso gobonimo doonku u arkaan in u dhawaynayso yoolki xoriyada xaqiijintiisa Dhulka Ogadenya dhaqan-dhaqaale ahaan iyo nolol ahaan waligii uguma xidhmin itoobiya kumana laha gumaysigu saamayn dhaafsiisan joogitaanka goobo cayman ok gumaysigu maamul ku sheego kuwaasoon jiri karin hadaan ciidamada gumaysigu waardiyaynin tanina waxay keentay in Ogaadeenya noqoto halka u badan ee ciidamada itoobiya joogaan kuwaas ka gaysta gabood falo ka baxsan Aadaminimada oo marar badan Bulshada caalamku qirtay gabood faladaas Gumaysiga Itoobiya si u wiiqo halganka gobonimo doonka ogadenya wuxuu ku qaaday dagaal furan oo dhamaan qaybaha bulshada ku wajahaayo taaso sii fool xumaysay xaalada Dalka Ogadenya sababtay barakac baahsan balse Gumaysigu kuma guulaysan ujeedka noocyada dagaaladiisa oo ah inuu halganka ku wiiqo Jabhadda Waddaniga Xoraynta Ogadenya waa matalaha Shacabka Ogadenya ee Gobobimo doonka waana isha laga heli karo wararka saxdaa ee xaalada Ogadenya {{gumud}} nu4iwy11q6nzkvvgagj3ivmaxzq2fwv 10 11916 309456 120039 2026-09-24T16:48:41Z Isma4l 41797 309456 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: {{#ifeq:{{{socks|}}}|none|95|135}}px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <!-- Left arm --> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{leftarm}}};color:inherit;">{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt={{{alt|}}}|Team colours]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }} }}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit left arm.svg|top|link=|{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|alt=|alt={{{alt|}}}{{!}}Team colours}}]]</div> <!-- Body ---> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{body}}};color:inherit;">{{#if: {{{pattern_b|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}</div> <div style="position: absolute; 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Waxaa loo habeeyay curiyeyaasha sida u kala badan yihiin [[tiro]]da [[atom]], elektaroonada iyo astaamaha fal-gal eey leeyihiin. Diiwaankan wuxuu meel iskugu keenayaa dhamaan [[macdan]]ta, kimikooyinka, [[hawo]]da, [[biyo]]ha iyo dhamaan [[walax]] kasta ood ku aragto [[dhul]]ka. Sida la ogyahay, ilaa hada waxaa jira [[118 Curiye]], [http://pf.kakao.com/_szxbMG kuwaas] oo ku xusan miiska ''Diwaanka Curiye''. = Curiye = Sida caadiga ah, [[curiye]] waa walax kimiko oo ka samaysan [[atom]] taas oo lagu kala saaro [[tiro|tirada atomic]] ee bu'diisa ku jirta<ref>Gray, p. 6</ref> - tirada borotoono ee bu'da atom. Guud ahaan, waxaa [[curiye|curiyaha]] loo qeybiyaa sadex nooc: [[Bir]], [[Bir la Mood]] iyo [[Bir Ma Ahe]]. Tusaale fiican waxaa ah, [[Ogsajiin]]ta iyo [[Nitrojiin]]ta (Bir Ma Ahe), [[Silikoon]]ta iyo [[Aarsenik]] (Bir La Mood), iyo [[Aayron]]ta, [[Naxaas]]ta, [[Dahab]]ka iyo [[Kober]]ta oo ah bir. Curiyaha kimiko waxaa ugu miisaan fudud [[Haydarojiin]]ta oo leh tiro atomic 1 iyo tan ku xigta [[Hiliyaam]]ta oo leh tiro atomic 2. Sidoo kale, labadan curiye waa kuwa ugu badan [[Koon]]ka; halka [[Aayron]] iyo [[Ogsajiin]]tu ay yihiin labada ugu badan qaab-dhismeedka [[qolof dhul|qolofta dhulka]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Koppenol |first=W. H. |title=Naming of New Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2002) |journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry |year=2002 |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=787–791 |url=http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7405x0787.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.1351/pac200274050787}}</ref>. Inkastoo [[macdan]]ta iyo [[isku dhis]]yada curiyaha qaarkood [[dad]]ku aqoon u lahaayeen tan iyo [[qarni|10,000 sano]] ka [http://pf.kakao.com/_PIxbMG hor], inta u badan curiyayaasha waxaa la helay dhamaadkii [[qarni|qarnigii 19aad]] iyo [[qarni|qarnigii 20aad]]. == Tirada Atomikga Curiye == Tirada Atomikga ee curiye waxay la mid tahay tirada borotoonis ee ku jirta bu'da curiyahaas, isla markaana waa tan qeexda astaamaha [[falgal]]ka ee curiyahaas. Tusaale ahaan, dhamaan [[atom]]yada [[Kaarboon]]tu waxay ka kooban yihiin 6 borotoonis (protons) taas oo macnaheedu yahay tirada atomikga ee Kaarboon waa 6. Dhinaca kale, atomyada Kaarboontu waxaa laga yaabaa ineey leeyihiin tiro nuyuutroono (neutron) kala duwan; marka atomka curiye isku mid ah kaas oo leh tiro nuyuutroono kala duwan waxaa lagu magacaabaa [[isotope]]ka curiye. Tirada borotoono ee ku jirta bu'da (nucleus) atomika curiye waxaa lagu ogaan karaa saxarada koronto (electric charge) taas oo ku xidhn tirada elektaroono ee atomkaasi. Sidoo kale, elektaroonadu waxay ku wareegaan bu'da atomka ayagoo sheega astaamaha iyo dhaqanka curiyahaas. Tirada nuyuutroono ee caloosha atomka ku dhex jirta inta badan saamayn kuma laha dhaqanka curiye. Calaamada astaanta u ah tirada atomika ee atom waa [[halbeeg]]a '''Z'''. == Miisaanka & Cufka Atomik == Tirada [[cuf]]ka ee [[curiye]], (calaamada [[halbeeg]]a '''A'''), waa tirada Nukliyuusta (nukliyuustu waa tirada borotoonada iyo nuyuutroonada) ee ku dhex jirta bu'da atomik. Isotopeyo kala duwan oo curiye isku mid ah waxaa lagu kala saaraa ama soocaa tirada cufka ee atomka<ref>Gray, p. 6</ref>, taas oo lagu qoro bidixda astaanta curiye (e.g ²⁷⁶C). Tusaale fiican waxaan u soo qaadan karnaa curiyaha [[Magniisiyaam]] tirada cufkiisu waa 24, marka waxaan u qoraynaa Magniisiyaam-24, taas oo u dhiganta 12 borotoon iyo 12 elektaroon. Halka [[cuf|tirada cufku]] ka tahay tirada nuyuutroono iyo elektaroono ee atom, cufka atomikgu waa tirada saxda ah ee cufka isotope gaar ah ee curiye. Calaamada [[halbeeg]]a u ah cufka atomik waa '''u'''. == Isotopes == Dhinaca kale, [[isotope]] waa atomyo ka tirsan hal curiye kuwaas oo leh tiro borotoono isku mid ah, laakiin tirada nuyuutroonadu kala duwan yihiin. In ka badan 66 ka mid ah 96ka curiye si dabiici ah loo helo, waxay leeyihiin in ka badan hal isotope dagan<ref name="emsley">{{cite book|last=Emsley|first=John|title=Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4|edition=New|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-19-960563-7}}</ref>. Tusaale ahaan, curiyaha Kaarboon wuxuu leeyahay 3 isotope oo kala duwan. Hadaba tirada borotoono ee Kaarboontu waa isku mid, dhamaantood waa 6, laakiin waxay kala leeyihiin 6, 7, iyo 8 nuyuutroon. Maadaama tirada cufka ee kaarboon tahay 12, 13 iyo 14 gebi ahaan waxaa inoo soo bixi sadex isotope oo kala ah kaarbon-12 oo loo qoro ¹²C, kaarboon-13 ¹³C, iyo kaarboon-14 ¹⁴C. Kaarboonta ku jirta nolosha maalin kasta waa iskujir ¹²C, ¹³C, iyo ¹⁴C. Guud ahaan, curiyeyaasha inta u badan waxay leeyihiin isotopeyo radioactive ah, kuwaas oo in badani loo helo si dabiici ah, kuwo kalena lagu diyaariyo laabka (laboratory). Isotopeyada radioactive ah waa kuwo aan fadhiyin (unstable isotopes), laakiin haddii isotopeka atom aanu ahayn radioactive waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''isotope degan'' (stable isotope). Dhamaan isotopeyada degani waa kuwo dabiici ah. = Shaxda Diiwaanka Curiye = Qaab-dhismeedka miiska diiwaanka curiye waa shax ka kooban 18 saf oo kor ka imanaya ilaa hoos iyo 7 saf oo ka bilaabma midig ilaa bidix, iyo labo saf oo ka hooseeya. Sidoo kale, miiska jadwalka diiwaanka curiye waxaa loo kala jabin karaa afar afar-gees oo kala ah: [[s-block]] oo dhinaca bidix xiga, [[p-block]] oo dhanka midig xiga, [[d-block]] oo dhexda ku jira, iyo [[f-block]] oo ka hooseeya dhamaantoodba. Qaybaha khaanadaha safafka midig ilaa bidix waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''heerka'' (period), sida [[Heerka 1 ee curiye|heerka 1aad]], halka safafka khaanadaha kor ka imanaya loo yaqaano ''guruub'' (group) kuwaas oo qaarkood magacyo leeyihiin sida [[Biniktojiin]] ([[Pnictogen]]s) oo ah [[guruubka 15]]aad, [[Jaalkojiin]] (chalcogen) oo ah [[guruubka 16]]aad,[[Halogen]]s [[guruubka 17]]aad iyo [[Neefta Gobta]] (noble gas) [[guruubka 18]]aad. Dhamaan curiyaha ka soo biloow mida [[koow]]aad ee [[Haydarojiin]] oo leh tiro atomic 1 ilaa laga gaadho curiyaha 118 [[Ununoktiyaam]] waxaa la helay [[wakhti]]yo kala duwan iyo meelo kala duwan; ayadoo curiyaha 113, 115, 117 iyo 118 aan wali la xaqiijinin. In kastoo qaarkood la arko qadar iyo tiro aad u yar, 98ka curiye ee ugu horeeya jadwalka Diwaanka Curiye ayaa ah kuwo si dabiici ah looga helo [[qolof dhul|oogada]] [[dhul]]ka. {{Jadwalka Curiyayaasha}} == Guruubyada Diwaanka Curiye == Marka laga waramayo jadwalka miiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Guruub]]ku waa guuto [[curiye]] isku astaan, dhaqan iyo calaamad ah kuwaas oo ku jira [[hal]] saf oo khaanadaha [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diwaanka Curiye]]. Shaxda jadwalka Diwaanka Curiye, oo uu sameeyay [[saynis]]yahan [[Ruushka|Ruush]] ah Dmitri Mendeleev, waxay ka kooban yihiin [[Guruub|18 Guruub]] kuwaas oo ey ku dhex jiraan dhamaan [[118ka Curiye]]. Inkastoo guruubyadu ku magacaaban yihiin [[tiro|tirada]] guruubka oo u dhexaysa [[kow|1]] ilaa [[toban|18]] qaarkood waxay leeyihiin magacyo u gaar ah, kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[Guruubka 15]]aad oo lagu magacaabo [[Biniktojiin]] ama ([[Pnictogen]]s), [[Guruubka 16]]aad oo ah [[Jaalkojiin]] ([[Chalcogen]]s), [[Guruubka 17]]aad oo lagu naaneyso [[Halogen]]s, iyo [[Guruubka 18]]aad oo loo yaqaano [[Neefta Gobta]] ama (Noble Gases). Waxayna kala yihiin: [[Guruubka 1]]aad ([[Birta Alkali]]), [[Guruubka 2]]aad ([[Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]]), [[Guruubka 3]]aad, [[Guruubka 4]]aad, [[Guruubka 5]]aad, [[Guruubka 6]]aad, [[Guruubka 7]]aad, [[Guruubka 8]]aad, [[Guruubka 9]]aad, [[Guruubka 10]]aad, [[Guruubka 11]]aad, [[Guruubka 12]]aad, [[Guruubka 13]]aad, [[Guruubka 14]]aad, [[Guruubka 15]]aad sidoo kale loo yaqaano [[Biniktojiin]] ama ([[Pnictogen]]s), [[Guruubka 16]]aad [[Jaalkojiin]] ([[Chalcogen]]s), [[Guruubka 17]]aad oo lagu naaneyso [[Halogen]]s, iyo [[Guruubka 18]]aad oo loo yaqaano [[Neefta Gobta]] ama (Noble Gases). Tirada [[curiye]] ee ku jirta khaanadaha guruubku way kala duwan yihiin. Qaarkood waxaa ku jira 8 curiye, kuwo kale wax ku dhex jira 6 curiye, halka guruubyada qaar ay ku dhex jiraan 4 curiye oo kali ah. == Heerarka Diwaanka Curiye == [[File:Periodic_Table_2.svg|thumb|Heerarka Diwaanka Curiye.]] Qaabdhismeedka shaxda miiska lagu ururiyey [[curiye]]yaasha ee loo yaqaano Diwaanka Curiye wuxuu leeyahay safaf khaanado u kala socdo kor iyo hoos ([[guruub]]), midig iyo bidix ([[heerka]]). [[Heerka|Heerku]] (period) waa safafka khaanadaha ee ka bilaabma midig ilaa bidix ee miiska jadwalka curiyayaasha, kuwaas oo ah [[todobo|todoba saf]] (7) oo qeybta sare ka kooban tahay iyo [[labo|labo saf]] oo ka hooseeya. Curiyayaasha ku jira saf heerka isku midka ah waxay leeyihiin [[cuf|cuf atomik]], awood aayano (ions), iyo is-heysad elektaroono isku mid ah. Ka soo biloow midig ilaa bidix tirada gacan-atomik hoos ayay u dhacdaa. Tani waxaa keentay isku xigida borotoonada iyo elektaroonada curiye ayaa aad ugu sii dhowaanaya bu'da atomka. Si ka duwan [[guruub]]yada, [[Heerka|Heerarka]] shaxda miiska diwaanka curiye ma lahan magacyo u gaar ah, laakiin waxaa lagu kala soocaa [[tiro]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Heerka 1 ee curiye|heerka 1aad]], [[Heerka 2 ee curiye|heerka 2aad]], [[Heerka 3 ee curiye|heerka 3aad]], [[Heerka 4 ee curiye|heerka 4aad]], [[Heerka 5 ee curiye|heerka 5aad]], [[Heerka 6 ee curiye|heerka 6aad]], iyo [[Heerka 7 ee curiye|heerka 7aad]]. Intaas waxaa soo raaca labo saf oo ka hooseeya kuwaas oo kala ah [[Lanthanides]] iyo [[Actinides]]. == Khaanadaha == === S-Block === [[S-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]yaasha ku jira [[guruubka 12|2da guruub]] ee ugu horeeya guruubyada jadwalka Diwaanka Curiye. Kuwaas oo ka bilaabmaya [[guruubka 1]]aad iyo [[guruubka 2]]aad ee loo kala yaqaano [[Birta Alkali]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.cytss.edu.hk/chem/f67res/i1.pdf |access-date=2014-01-11 |archive-date=2013-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123202946/http://www.cytss.edu.hk/chem/f67res/i1.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> iyo [[Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]]. [[S-block]] curiyeyaasha ku jira waa kuwo intooda badan firfircoon oo leh astaamo iyo calaamado ka duwan dhamaan guruubyada kale ee Diwaanka Curiye. In kastoo ay ku jiraan khaanado kale, [[Haydarojiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]] waxaa lagu tiriyaa guruubkan s-block. Dhaqanka iyo astaamaha s-block waxay la xidhiidhaa [[tiro|tirada atomic]]<ref>http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/ElectronConfigurationString.sp.html</ref> ee curiyuhu leeyahay, midaas oo sii korodha marka la sii dhexgalo diwaanka curiye. Labada guruub ee s-block waxay leeyihiin tirooyinka atomik ee hoos ku xusan: : [[Guruub|Guruubka 1aad]]: :: [[Haydarojiin]] (Z=1), [[Liithiyaam]] (Z=3), [[Sodhiyaam]] (Z=11), [[Botashiyaam]] (Z=19), [[Rubiidhiyaam]] (Z=37), [[Kaasiyaam]] (Z=55), [[Faransiyaam]] (Z=87). : [[Guruub|Guruubka 2aad]]: ::[[Beriiliyaam]] (Z=4), [[Magniisiyaam]] (Z=12), [[Kaalshiyaam]] (Z=20), [[Istoroontiyaam]] (Z=38), [[Baariyaam]] (Z=56), [[Raadhiyaam]] (Z=88). === D-Block === [[D-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]yaasha ku jira [[guruubka 3|9ka guruub]] ee ka bilaabma [[guruubka 3]]aad ilaa [[guruubka 12]]aad<ref name = Petrucci>R.H. Petrucci, W.S. Harwood and F.G. Herring “General Chemistry” (8th ed, Prentice-Hall 2002), p.341-2</ref><ref name=Housecroft>C.E. Housecroft and A.G. Sharpe “Inorganic Chemistry” (2nd ed, Pearson Prentice-Hall 2005), p..20-21</ref>. Curiyeyaasha d-block waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa [[Transitional Metal]]<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Journal of Chemical Education|volume = 80|issue = 8|year = 2003|url = http://www.uv.es/~borrasj/ingenieria_web/temas/tema_1/lecturas_comp/p952.pdf|title = The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table|first = William B.|last = Jensen|pages=952–961|doi = 10.1021/ed080p952|bibcode = 2003JChEd..80..952J }}</ref>. D-block curiyayaasha ku jira waxay leeyihiin [[tiro|tiro atomik]]<ref name=Petrucci/> ka bilaabanta s²d¹ (Guruub 3) ilaa s²d¹⁰ (Guruub 12). Tusaale ahaan, Cr waa s¹d⁵ (ma ahan s²d⁴); sidoo kale, birta Guruubka 11waxay noqonayaan s¹d¹⁰ (ma ahan s²d⁹), taasi oo dhamaystireysa qolofka-d (d-subshell) ee Guruubka 11aad<ref name=Housecroft/><ref>F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry” (5th ed, John Wiley 1988) p.625</ref>. === P-Block === [[P-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]yaasha ku jira [[guruubka 12|6da guruub]] ee ugu dambeeya guruubyada jadwalkani, marka laga reebo [[Hiliyaam]]ta oo ayadu ka mid ah [[s-block]]. Kuwaas oo ka bilaabmaya [[guruubka 12]]aa ilaa laga gaadho [[guruubka 18]]aad ee loo yaqaano [[Neefta Gobta]] (noble gases). [[P-block]] waxaa ku jira dhamaan [[Bir Ma Ahe]], birta daciifka ah iyo half-birta oo dhan. [[Guruub]]yada p-block waa: * 13 (IIIB, IIIA): [[Guruubka Boron]] * 14 (IVB, IVA): [[Guruubka 14|Guruubka Kaarboon]] * 15 (VB, VA): [[Guruubka 15|Guruubka Nitrojiinta]] (ama [[Pnictogen]]s) * 16 (VIB, VIA): [[Guruubka 16]]aad ama [[Chalcogen]]s * 17 (VIIB, VIIA): [[Halogen]]s * 18 (0, VIIIA): [[Neefta Gobta|Noble gases]] (marka laga reebo [[Hiliyaam]]) === F-Block === [[F-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]ha [[atom]]kiisa ama aayaniskiisu (ions) leeyihiin elektaroono hab wareeg f (f-orbital). Curiyayaashan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa ''curiyayaasha dhexe ee transitionka''. = Taariikhda Diwaanka Curiye = [[Sanad|Sanadkii 1789]] ayaa [[saynis]]yahan Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu sameeyay liisto ay ku jiraan [[curiye|33 curiye]] kuwaas oo u kala qeybiyay [[bir]], [[bir ma ahe]], [[neef]]o iyo [[dhul]]ka; asagoo ilaa dhimashaddiisii ku mashquulsanaa inuu helo curiyayaal kale. Ka dib, [[sanad|sanadkii 1829]] ayaa [[Kemisteri]]yahan Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner ee Jarmalka ah ayaa wuxuu keenay fikrada ah in curiyayaasha loo habayn karo [[falgal]]kooda kimiko ayadoo intii isku dhaqan ah meel la iskugu geeyn karo. Taariikhdu markey maraysay 1862kii ayaa jiyoolajiis u dhashay Faransiiska Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois ayaa wuxuu sameeyay noocii ugu horeeyay diwaanka curiye kaas oo ugu magac daray ''telluric helix''. Ka dib, sanadkii 1864 ayaa saynisyahan u dhashay dalka Jarmalka Julius Lothar Meyer, asagoo tixraacaya jadwalka Chancourtois uu sameeyay shax diiwaan curiye oo ka kooban 44 curiye. Wakhti yar ka dib, saynisyahan [[ingiriis|Ingiriis]] ah ayaa balaadhiyay jadwalkaas oo ka dhigay 57 curiye, asagoo u habeeyay cufka iyo miisaanka eey leeyihiin curiyayaashu. Isbedelo badan ka dib, sanadadii 1869kii iyo 1870kii ayaa professor ku takhasusay [[cilmi]]ga [[Kimisteri]]ga Dmitri Mendeleev ee dalka [[Ruush]]ka iyo [[kimisteri]]yahan Jarmalka u dhashay Julius Lothar Meyer soo daabaceen jadwalkii ugu horeeyay ee diiwaanka curiye een maanta naqaano. Labadooduba waxay sameeyeen shax jadwal leh [[guruub]]yo iyo [[heer]]ar muujinaya sida curiyeyaashu qaraabada u yihiin. Sanado badan ka dib waxaa la isla afgartey in shaxda jadwalka Dmitri Mendeleev loo aqoonsado in uu yahay aasaaska diiwaanka curiye ee saxda ah. Wakhtigii ka dambeeysay dhimashaddiisa ilaa [[sanad|sanadkii 2000]] dib u habayn, curiye ku daris iyo isku hagaajin ayaa ku socotay jadwalka diiwaanka curiye. = Qeybaha Diiwaanka Curiye = Ayadoo la tix-raacayo naqshad uu sameeyay [[saynis]]yahan [[Ruush]] ahaa oo la odhan jirey '''Dmitri Mendeleev''' (1869), ayaa guud ahaan curiyeha waxaa loo qeeybiyaa guruubyo, heerar iyo jufooyin ku salaysan astaamahooda, habka [[falgal]]ka iyo sida ay qaraabo u yihiin. Kuwaas waxaa ugu caansan: [[Bir]]ta, [[Bir La Mood]]ka, [[Bir Ma Ahe]], iyo [[Neef]]ta. == Bir (Metal) == '''Bir''' ([[Metal]]) waa shey [[adke]] ah ([[curiye]], [[Isku dhis]] iyo [[Jaandi]]) taas oo iftiimaysa, [[jidh]] adag leh, isla markaana aad ugu wanaagsan gudbinta [[dab]]ka iyo [[kul]]ka. Birtu waa [[curiye]] kimiko kuwaas oo leh calaamado iyo astaamo ka duwan kuwa [[Bir Ma ahe]] iyo [[Bir La Mood]]kaba. Birtu waa shey marka la garaaco la qaloocin karo ayadoon kala jabayn, la dhalaalin karo, isla markaana la dhuubi karo ama wax dhuuban laga dhigi karo<ref>{{cite book| title = The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last = Morss| editor2-first = Norman M.| editor2-last = Edelstein| editor3-last = Fuger|editor3-first = Jean| last = Haire|first = Richard G.| chapter = Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium and Lawrencium| publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year = 2006| isbn = 1-4020-3555-1| location = Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition = 3rd| ref = CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref>. [[Curiye|91 curiye]] oo ka mid ah [[118 Curiye|118da curiye]] ee jadwalka [[Diwaanka Curiye]] waa bir. 27ka kale ayaa u kala baxa [[neef]], [[bir ma ahe]], [[bir la mood]] iyo qeybaha kale ee Diwaanka Curiye. Si ka duwan [[cilmi]]ga [[Kemisteri]]ga, micnaha ereyga bir waa ku kala duwan yahay qeybaha [[aqoon]]ta. Tusaale ahaan, aqoonyahana xidigaha ee [[Cilmi Falag]]u waxay ereyga bir u isticmaalaan dhamaan curiyayaasha marka laga reebo [[Haydarojiin]] ([[H]]) iyo [[Hiliyaam]]ta ([[He]]) kuwaas oo ah walxaha ugu badan [[Xidig]]aha muuqda ee [[Koon]]ka.<ref>Scerri 2007, p. 24</ref> Dhinaca kale, curiyeyaal badan iyo [[isku dhis]]yo badan ayaa noqda bir marka [[kul]]eyl badan lagu shido, kuwaas waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''Sheyada Birta ee ka Samaysmay Bir Ma ahe''. {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Birta ah |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Titaaniyaam]] ||[[File:Titan-crystal bar.JPG|25px]] |- | [[Aayron]] || [[File:Iron electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Naxaas]] || [[File:NatCopper.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Sinki]] || [[File:Zinc fragment sublimed and 1cm3 cube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Dahab]] || [[File:Gold-crystals.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Alumiiniyaam]] || [[File:Aluminium-4.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Nikel]] || [[File:Nickel chunk.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Iskaandhiyaam]] || [[File:Scandium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Kobalti]] || [[File:Kobalt_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Roodhiyaam]] || [[File:Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Manganiis]] || [[File:Mangan_1-crop.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Gaaliyaam]] || [[File:Gallium_crystals.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Tin]] || [[File:Sn-Alpha-Beta.jpg|25px]] |} === Transitional Metals === Marka lagu gudo jiro [[cilmi]]ga [[Kimistari]]ga, [[Transitional Metal]]sku waxay leeyihiin labo macno: * Qeexida waafaqsan (IUPAC)<ref>{{GoldBookRef|file=T06456|title=transition element}}</ref> waxay ku sheegtay in transitional metal ay yihiin [[curiye]] kimiko kuwaas oo qolofka elektaroonadoodu aanu dhamaystirneyn ama kuwo leh atom qolofka bu'diisu leedahay elektaroono kala dhantaalan<ref>{{cite journal|title=Langmuir's theory of the arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules|journal=J. Amer. Chem. Soc. |volume=43|doi=10.1021/ja01440a023|pages=1602–1609|year=1921|author=Bury, C. R. |issue=7}}</ref>. * Mida labaad waa in [[saynis]]yahanadu ku sheegeen transitional metalsku yihiin [[bir]] kasta oo ku jirta guruubka [[d-block]] ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]] kuwaas oo ka bilaabma [[Guruubka 3]]aad ilaa laga gaadho [[Guruubka 12]]aad<ref name=Jensen/>. Guruubka [[d-block]] tirada [[atom]]ka curiyuhu waxay u dhaxeysaa 1 ilaa 10 elektaroono ''d'' ah<ref>Petrucci, R. H. ''et al.'' (2002), “General Chemistry”, 8th edn, Prentice-Hall, pp. 49–50, 951</ref><ref>Miessler, G. L. and Tarr, D. A. (1999) “Inorganic Chemistry”, 2nd edn, Prentice-Hall, p. 16</ref>. {| border="1" align="center" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; background: #ffe; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- ![[Guruubka 3|Guruubyada]] !style="background-color:red" |[[Guruubka 3|3]] ![[Guruubka 4|4]] ![[Guruubka 5|5]] ![[Guruubka 6|6]] ![[Guruubka 7|7]] ![[Guruubka 8|8]] ![[Guruubka 9|9]] ![[Guruubka 10|10]] ![[Guruubka 11|11]] ![[Guruubka 12|12]] |- ![[Heerka 4 ee curiye|Heerka 4aad]] |[[Iskaandhiyaam|Sc]] 21 |[[Titaaniyaam|Ti]] 22 |[[Fandhiyaam|V]] 23 |[[Koroomiyaam|Cr]] 24 |[[Manganese|Mn]] 25 |[[Aayron|Fe]] 26 |[[Kobalti|Co]] 27 |[[Nikel|Ni]] 28 |[[Kober|Cu]] 29 |[[Sinki|Zn]] 30 |- ![[Heerka 5 ee curiye|Heerka 5aad]] |[[Itriyaam|Y]] 39 |[[Sirkooniyaam|Zr]] 40 |[[Niyobiyaam|Nb]] 41 |[[Molybdenum|Mo]] 42 |[[Teknetiyaam|Tc]] 43 |[[Rutheniyaam|Ru]] 44 |[[Roodhiyaam|Rh]] 45 |[[Baladiyaam|Pd]] 46 |[[Naxaas|Ag]] 47 |[[Kaadmiyaam|Cd]] 48 |- ![[Heerka 6 ee curiye|Heerka 6aad]] |style="background-color:red" |[[Lanthanides|*]] 57–71 |[[Haafniyaam|Hf]] 72 |[[Tantalum|Ta]] 73 |[[Tungsten|W]] 74 |[[Reheniyaam|Re]] 75 |[[Osmiyaam|Os]] 76 |[[Iridiyaam|Ir]] 77 |[[Balatiniyaam|Pt]] 78 |[[Dahab|Au]] 79 |[[Meerkuri|Hg]] 80 |- ![[Heerka 7 ee curiye|Heerka 7aad]] |style="background-color:red" |[[Actinides|**]] 89–103 |[[Rutherfordium|Rf]] 104 |[[Dubniyaam|Db]] 105 |[[Siiborgiyaam|Sg]] 106 |[[Bohriyaam|Bh]] 107 |[[Hasiyaam|Hs]] 108 |[[Meitneriyaam|Mt]] 109 |[[Darmstadtiyaam|Ds]] 110 |[[Roentgeniyaam|Rg]] 111 |[[Kobernishiyaam|Cn]] 112 |} [[Guruubka 3]]aad: [[Iskaandhiyaam]] ([[Sc]]), [[Itriyaam]] ([[Y]]) [[Lanthanum]] ([[La]]), [[Aktiiniyaam]] ([[Ac]]), [[Luteetiyaam]] ([[Lu]]), iyo [[Lawreensiyaam]] ([[Lr]]). [[Guruubka 4]]aad: [[Titaaniyaam]] ([[Ti]]), [[Sirkooniyaam]] ([[Zr]]), [[Haafniyaam]] ([[Hf]]) iyo [[Rutherfordium]] ([[Rf]]). [[Guruubka 5]]aad: [[Fanadhiyaam]] ([[V]]), [[Dubniyaam]] ([[Db]]), [[Niyobiyaam]] ([[Nb]]) iyo [[Tantalum]] ([[Ta]]). [[Guruubka 6]]aad: [[Koroomiyaam]] ([[Cr]]), [[Molybdenum]] ([[Mo]]), [[Tungsten]] ([[W]]) iyo [[Siiborgiyaam]] ([[Sg]]). [[Guruubka 7]]aad: [[Manganiis]] ([[Mn]]), [[Teknetiyaam]] ([[Tc]]), [[Reheniyaam]] ([[Re]]) iyo [[Bohriyaam]] ([[Bh]]). [[Guruubka 8]]aad: [[Aayron]] ([[Fe]]), [[Rutheniyaam]] ([[Ru]]), [[Osmiyaam]] ([[Os]]) iyo [[Hasiyaam]] ([[Hs]]). [[Guruubka 9]]aad: [[Kobalti]] ([[Co]]), [[Roodhiyaam]] ([[Rh]]), [[Iridiyaam]] ([[Ir]]) iyo [[Meitneriyaam]] ([[Mt]]). [[Guruubka 10]]aad: [[Nikel]] ([[Ni]]), [[Baladiyaam]] ([[Pd]]), [[Balatiniyaam]] ([[Pt]]) iyo [[Darmstadtiyaam]] ([[Ds]]). [[Guruubka 11]]aad: [[Kober]] ([[Cu]]), [[Naxaas]] ([[Ag]]), [[Dahab]]ka ([[Au]]) iyo [[Roentgeniyaam]] ([[Rg]]). [[Guruubka 12]]aad: [[Sinki]] ([[Zn]]), [[Kaadmiyaam]] ([[Cd]]), [[Meerkuri]] ([[Au]]) iyo [[Kobernishiyaam]] ([[Cn]]). === Birta Alkali === [[Birta Alkali]] (Alkali Metal) waa guuto [[curiye]]yaal [[bir]] ah kuwaas oo leh astaamo kimiko isku mid ah. Guruubka [[Birta Alkali]] waa [[curiye|lix curiye]] ee [[guruubka 1]]aad ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Liithiyaam]] ([[Li]]), [[Sodhiyaam]] ([[Na]]), [[Botashiyaam]] ([[K]]), [[Rubiidhiyaam]] ([[Rd]]), [[Kaasiyaam]] ([[Cs]]) iyo [[Faransiyaam]] ([[Fr]]). Curiyayaasha safkan [[guruubka 1]]aad waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[s-block]] sababtoo ah dhamaantood waxay leeyihiin elektaroono qolof-sare u wareega ''s'' (s-orbital).<ref group="n"/> Sidoo kale, curiyeyaasha Birta Alkali waxay leeyihiin dhaqan isku dhow: dhamaantood waa bir iftiimaysa, jilicsan, isla markaana aad u firfircoon oo leh [[falgal]] degdeg ah. Dhamaantood waxa lagu kala jari karaa [[midi]da jileec darteed, si dhakhso badan ayayna u [[daxal]]eeystaan sababtoo ah waxay la falgalaan [[Ogsajiin]]. Firfircoonida falgalkooda darteed, ayaa waxa lagu dhex keeydiyaa [[saliid]]a si looga ilaaliyo [[hawo|hawada]], waxaana sida dabiiciga ah la helaa ayagoo [[isku dhis]]yo kala duwan ah sida [[cusbo|cusbada]]. Sidoo kale, curiyeyaasha birta alkali waa [[milme]] si fudud ugu dhex milma [[biyo|biyaha]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Birta Alkali |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Kaalshiyaam]] || [[File:Calcium unter Argon Schutzgasatmosphäre.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Magniisiyaam]] || [[File:Magnesium crystals.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Liithiyaam]] || [[File:Lithium_paraffin.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Sodhiyaam]] || [[File:Na_(Sodium).jpg|25px]] |- | [[Botashiyaam]] || [[File:Potassium-2.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Rubiidhiyaam]] || [[File:Rb5.JPG|25px]] |- | [[Kaasiyaam]] || ([[Cs]]) |- | [[Faransiyaam]] || ([[Fr]]) |} === Birta Alkalineta Dhulka === [[File:Be-140g.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Beriiliyaam.]] [[File:Magnesium_crystals.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Magniisiyaam.]] [[File:Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Istaroontiyaam.]] [[File:Radium226.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Raadhiyaam.]] [[Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] (Alkaline Earth Metal) waa guuto [[curiye]]yaal [[bir]] ah kuwaas oo leh astaamo kimiko isku mid ah. Guruubka Birta Alkalineta dhulka waa [[curiye|lix curiye]] ee [[guruubka 2]]aad ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Beriiliyaam]] ([[Be]]), [[Magniisiyaam]] ([[Mg]]), [[Kaalshiyaam]] ([[Ca]]), [[Istoroontiyaam]] ([[Sr]]), [[Baariyaam]] ([[Br]]) iyo [[Raadhiyaam]] ([[Ra]]). Curiyayaasha safkan [[guruubka 2]]aad waxay soo galaan [[s-block]] sababtoo ah dhamaantood waxay leeyihiin elektaroono qolof-sare u wareega ''s'' (s-orbital).<ref group="n"/> Marka [[heerkul]]ku caadiga yahay, Birta Alkalineta Dhulku waa [[adke]], dhamaantoon leh midabka [[naxaas]]ta oo iftiimaya, isla markaana leh [[falgal]] firfircoon.<ref>{{cite book |last=Messler|first=R. W.|title=The essence of materials for engineers|url=https://archive.org/details/essenceofmateria0000mess|year=2010|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|location=Sudbury, MA|isbn=0763778338|page=[https://archive.org/details/essenceofmateria0000mess/page/32 32]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Birta Alkalineta Dhulka |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Botashiyaam]] || [[File:Potassium-2.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Meerkuri]] || [[File:Pouring liquid mercury bionerd.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Beriiliyaam]] || [[File:Be-140g.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Istoroontiyaam]] || [[File:Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Baariyaam]] || |- | [[Magniisiyaam]] || [[File:Magnesium_crystals.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Kaalshiyaam]] || |- | [[Raadhiyaam]] || [[File:Radium226.jpg|25px]] |} == Bir La Mood (Metalloid) == '''Bir la Mood''' ( Metaloid) waa [[curiye]] kimiko kuwaas oo leh calaamado iyo astaamo u dhexeeya [[bir]]ta iyo [[bir ma ahe]]ha, taas ooy aad u adag tahay in la kala saaro ineey bir tahay iyo ineey bir ma ahe tahay.<ref>Scerri 2007, p. 24</ref> In kastoo barashada [[Kimisteri]]ga ay ku jirto Bir la moodku, ma jiraan nimaad u gaar ah oo lagu qeexi karo curiyeyaashan. Lixda curiye ee loo aqoonsadey bir la moodka waa: [[Booron]] ([[B]]),[[Silikoon]] ([[Si]]), [[Jermaaniyaam]] ([[Ge]]), [[Aarsenik]] ([[As]]), [[Antimony]] ([[Sb]]), iyo [[Teluriyaam]] ([[Te]]). Sidoo kale waxaa jira tiro dhowr ah oo ayagana lagu daro liiska Bir la Moodka, waxaana ka mid ah: [[Kaarboon]] ([[C]]),[[Alumiiniyaam]] ([[Al]]), [[Seleniyaam]] ([[Se]]), [[Boloniyaam]] ([[Po]]) iyo [[Astantiin]] ([[At]]). Sida caadiga ah, curiyeha Bir la Moodka ahi wuxuu leeyahay muuqaalka birta oo kale, laakiin waa [[adke]] si fudud loo kala jabin karo, halka birta aanan sahal lagu kala jabin karin. Waxaa intaas dheer, curiyaha bir la moodka waa mid [[kul]]ka iyo [[koronto|korontada]] si daciif ah u gudbiya ama aanan gudbinin gebi ahaanba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, curiyeyaashan waxaa laga samayn karaa [[isku dhis]]yo tayo fiican oo [[jaandi]] ah, quruurado ama dhalooyin, [[olol]] difaace, iyo badh-gudbiye [[dab]]ka iyo [[koronto|korontada]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bagnall|first=K. W.|year=1967|contribution=Recent advances in actinide and lanthanide chemistry|title=Advances in chemistry, Lanthanide/Actinide chemistry|volume=71|pages=1–12|publisher=American Chemical Society|doi=10.1021/ba-1967-0071|editor1-first=PR|editor1-last=Fields|editor2-first=T|editor2-last=Moeller |series=Advances in Chemistry |isbn=0-8412-0072-6 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Day|first1=M. C.|last2=Selbin|first2=J.|title=Theoretical inorganic chemistry|url=https://archive.org/details/theoreticalinorg0000daym_q3l3|year=1969|publisher=Reinhold Book Corporation|edition=2nd|location=New York, MA|isbn=0763778338|page=[https://archive.org/details/theoreticalinorg0000daym_q3l3/page/103 103]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Holman|first1=J.|last2=Hill|first2=G. C.|title=Chemistry in context|url=https://archive.org/details/chemistryinconte00unse|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|edition=5th|location=Walton-on-Thames|isbn=0174482760|page=40}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Bir La Moodka |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Silikoon]] || [[File:SiliconCroda.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Booron]] || [[File:Boron_mNACTEC.jpg|25px]] |} == Bir Ma Ahe (Non-Metallic) == '''[[Bir Ma Ahe]]''' ([[Nonmetal]]) waa [[curiye]] kimiko kuwaas oo leh calaamado iyo astaamo ka duwan kuwa [[bir]]ta. Sida caadiga ah, curiyaha bir ma ahe waxaa lagu yaqaanaa waa kuwo si fudud u [[uumi]] baxa, si fudud loo kala jabin karo, iyo in aanay gudbinin [[kul]]ka iyo [[koronto|korontada]]. Waxa sidoo kale lagu yaqaanaa curiyaha bir ma ahe markuu la [[falgal]]o walax kale inuu soo sii daayo [[awood]] ion aad u sareeysa, isla markaana ku daro ama la wadaago elektaroono curiyaha kale ama [[isku dhis]]ka uu la falgalaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, toban-iyo-todoba (17) curiye ayaa loo aqoonsadey bir ma ahe kuwaas oo inta ugu badan tahay [[neef]]o kala ah: [[Haydarojiin]] ([[H]]),[[Hiliyaam]] ([[He]]), [[Nitrojiin]] ([[N]]), [[Ogsajiin]] ([[O]]), [[Foloriin]] ([[F]]), [[Niyoon]] ([[Ne]]), [[Koloriin]] ([[Cl]]), [[Aargon]] ([[Ar]]), [[Kiribtoon]] ([[Kr]]), [[Siinoon]] ([[Xe]]) iyo curiyaha radioactiveka ah [[Raadhoon]] ([[Rn]]); hal curiye oo bir ma ahe ahi waa [[dareere]] [[Boromiin]] ([[Br]]); iyo xoogaa curiye [[adke]] ah sida [[Kaarboon]] ([[K]]), [[Fosforos]] ([[P]]), [[Salfar]] ([[S]]), [[Seleniyaam]] ([[Se]]), iyo [[Aaydhiin]] ([[I]]). Curiyayaasha [[Bir Ma Ahe]] waxay inta u badan ku kala jiraa khaanado ka mid ah [[guruubka 14]]aad, [[guruubka 15]]aad ama [[Biniktojiin]] ([[Pnictogen]]), [[Jaalkojiin]] ([[Chalcogen]]), [[Guruubka 17]]aad ama [[Halogen]]s, iyo [[Guruubka 18]]aad ama [[Neefta Gobta]]. In kastoo curiyaha [[bir]]ta shan-jeer laab ka badan yahay curiyaha bir ma ahe, labo ka mid ah bir ma ahe - [[Haydarojiin]] iyo [[Ogsajiin]]ta - ayaa waxay yihiin boqolkiiba sagaal-iyo-sagaashan (99%) [[Koon]]ka muuqda; iyo hal curiye bir ma ahe ah, waa Ogsajiinta, ayaa waxay tahay in ku dhow 50% samayska [[Qolof dhul|qolofka dhulka]], [[bad]]aha iyo [[cir]]ka [[dhul]]ka. Intaas waxaa dheer, [[jidh]]ka [[noole|noolaha]] dhamaantiis wuxuu ka samaysan yahay bir ma ahe iyo [[isku dhis]]yo ka samaysan bir ma ahe. {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Bir Ma Ahe |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- |[[Fosforos]] || [[File:PhosphComby.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Kaarboon]] || [[File:Diamond.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Salfar]] || [[File:Sulfur-sample.jpg|25px]] |} == Neef (Gas) == [[File:Gas_particle_movement.svg|thumb|Atomyada, Malakuyuulada iyo aayonada (ions) neefta waa kuwo xor ah oo hadba dhinac u socda.]] [[Neef]]tu (gas) waa mid ka mid ah [[sadex]]da aasaaska u ah [[walax]]da (matter). Waxa laga yaabaa in neefta saafi ahi ka samaysan [[hal]] [[atom]], sida [[Neefta Gobka]] ama neef atomic sida [[Niyoon]], malakuyuul ka samaysan [[labo]] atom, sida [[Ogsajiin]]ta oo kale, ama [[isku dhis]] (compound) ka kooban malakuyuulo ka yimid atomyo kala duwan, sida [[Kaarboon|Kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]] (C₂O). [[Milan|Iskumilanka]] [[neef]]tu waxay ka kooban tahay neefo saafi ah oo kala duwan sida [[hawo|hawada]] oo kale. Waxa neefta ka soocay [[adke]]ha iyo [[dareere]]ha waa ayadu waxay ka samaysan tahay saxaro (particles) kala furan isla markaana kala madax-banaan, taasi oo ka dhigtey neefta mid bilaa [[ur]] ah oo [[il|isha]] [[dad]]ku arki karin. Marka [[cadaadis]]ka iyo [[heerkul]]ku caadiga yihiin, [[neef]]aha kali ah ee dagan ee [[curiye]]ha ka tirsan waa kuwa ka sameysan malakuyuulo labo atom iyo wixii ka badan, kuwaas oo ah: [[Haydarojiin]] (H₂), [[Nitrojiin]] (N₂), [[Ogsajiin]] (O₂); iyo marka lagu daro labo ka mid ah [[Halogen]]ska [[Foloriin]] (F₂), iyo [[Koloriin]] (Cl₂). Neefahaasi waxaa soo raaca kuwa ka samaysan [[hal|hal atom]] ee [[Neefta Gobta]] (Noble Gases) kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Hiliyaam]] (He), [[Niyoon]] (Ne), [[Aargon]] (Ar), [[Kiribtoon]] (Kr), [[Siinoon]] (Xe) iyo [[Raadhoon]] (Rn). {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Neefta ah |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Haaydarojiin]] || [[File:Hydrogen discharge tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Hiliyaam]] || |- |[[Nitrojiin]] || [[File:Liquidnitrogen.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Ogsajiin]] || |- | [[Koloriin]] || [[File:Chlorine ampoule.jpg|25px]] |} === Curiyeha Biniktojiinska (Pnictogens) === [[Biniktojiin]] (Pnictogen) sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Guruubka Nitrojiinta''' waa guuto [[curiye]] kimiko ee [[Guruubka 15]]aad ee safafka [[Diwaanka Curiye]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Langmuir's theory of the arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules|journal=J. Amer. Chem. Soc. |volume=43|doi=10.1021/ja01440a023|pages=1602–1609|year=1921|author=Bury, C. R. |issue=7}}</ref>. Guruubkan wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[curiye|lix curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Nitrojiin]] ([[N]]), [[Fosforos]] ([[F]]), [[Aarsenik]] ([[As]]), [[Antimony]] ([[Sb]]), [[Bismuth]] ([[Bi]]) iyo [[Ununbentiyaam]] ([[Uup]]). === Curiyaha Jaalkojiin (Chalcogen) === [[File:Sulfur-sample.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Salfar.]] [[File:SeBlackRed.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Seleniyaam.]] [[File:Tellurium2.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Teluriyaam.]] [[Jaalkojiin]] ([[Chalcogen]]) sidoo kale loo yaqaano Guruubka Ogsajiinta ama [[Guruubka 16]]aad waa guruub [[curiye]] kimiko ee qeybta 16aad ee safafka [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. Guruubkan wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[curiye|lix curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Ogsajiin]] ([[O]]), [[Salfar]] ([[S]]), [[Seleniyaam]] ([[Se]]), [[Teluriyaam]] ([[Te]]), [[Boloniyaam]] ([[Po]]) iyo [[Lifermoriyaam]] ([[Lv]]). === Neefta Halogenka === [[Halogen]] waa guuto [[curiye]]yaal [[hawo]], [[dareere]] iyo [[adke]] ah kuwaas oo leh astaamo kimiko isku mid ah. Marka [[heerkul]]ku caadiga yahay, curiyeyaasha [[hawo]]da ah waa midab casaan ah, kuwa [[dareere|dareeraha]] ahi waa cagaar, halka kuwa [[adke|adkaha]] ahi leeyihiim midab madoow ah. Guruubkan [[Halogen]]ska waa [[curiye|shan curiye]] ee [[guruubka 17]]aad ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Foloriin]] ([[F]]), [[Koloriin]] ([[Cl]]), [[Boromiin]] ([[Br]]), [[Aaydhiin]] ([[I]]), iyo [[Astatiin]] ([[At]]). Curiyeyaasha Halogenska waa guutada kali ah ee dhamaan [[118 Curiye|118da Curiye]] laga helo [[sadex|sadexda marxaladood]] ee [[walax]]da - [[adke]], [[dareere]] iyo [[hawo]]. Dhinaca kale, dhamaan xubnaha halogenska waxay noqdaan asiidh (acid) markey la [[falgal]]aan [[Haydarojiin]]ta, waxaana laga soo dhex saaraa [[macdan]]ta [[cusbo|cusbada]]. Dhamaantood waa [[sun]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Halogenska |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Aaydhiin]] || [[File:Sample of iodine.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Koloriin]] || [[File:Chlorine ampoule.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Foloriin]] || [[File:Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg|25px]] |- | [Boromiin]] || File:Bromine_25ml.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Astatiin]] || [[File:Iod_kristall.jpg|25px]] |} === Neefta Gobta (Noble Gases) === [[Neefta Gobta]] ama (Noble Gas) waa guuto [[curiye]]yaal [[neef]] ah kuwaas oo leh astaamo kimiko isku mid ah. Marka xaalada caadiga ah dhamaantood waa [[hawo]] bilaa [[ur]], bilaa [[midab]] ah kuwaas oo leh [[falgal]] hooseeya. Neefaha gobta ah waa [[curiye|lixda curiye]] ee [[guruubka 18]]aad ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Hiliyaam]] ([[He]]), [[Niyoon]] ([[Ne]]), [[Aargon]] ([[Ar]]), [[Kiribtoon]] ([[Kr]]), [[Siinoon]] ([[Xe]]) iyo curiyaha radioactiveka ah [[Raadhoon]] ([[Rn]]). Hab-dhaqanka neefaha gobta ah waxaa lagu ogaan karaa dersida qaabdhismeedka atomkooda, qolofkooda sare iyo [[isku dhis]]yada ay sameeyaan. Barta dhalaalida iyo [[kul]]uleynta neefahan waa mid isku dhow taas oo ka hooseysa [[salsiyas|10 °C]] (18&nbsp;°F); taas micnaheedu waa farqi yar oo [[heerkul]] ah ayay [[dareere]] ku noqon karaan. Niyoon, Aargoon, Siinoon, iyo Kiribtoon waxaa laga soo dhex saaraa [[hawo|hawada]] [[cir]]ka, halka hiliyaamta laga dhex helo [[Shidaal|neefaha dabiiciga]] ee [[shidaal]]ka laga soo saaro. {| class="wikitable" |+ Neefaha Noble Gaseska |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Niyoon]] || [[File:Neon_discharge_tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Aargon]] || [[File:Argon_discharge_tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Kiribtoon]] || [[File:Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Siinoon]] || [[File:Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Hiliyaam]] || [[File:Helium_discharge_tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Raadhoon]] || ([[Rn]]) |} = Magaca & Astaanta Curiye = Si loo kala saaro farqiga iyo kala duwanaanshaha, isla markaana si fudud loogu aqoonsado, curiyayaashu waxay leeyihiin magacyo iyo calaamado kala duwan. [[Curiye]] kasta waxaa loogu magac daray deegaanka laga helay ama qofka helay markii ugu horeeysay. Inta u badan magaca curiyaha waxaa gadaal lagaga daray -iyaam (-ium). Tusaale ahaan, magaca curiyaha [[Sirkooniyaam]] (Zirconium) waxaa laga keenay [[macdan]]ta ''Zircon'', taas oo lagu daray -iyaam (-ium). Sidoo kale, curiyaha [[Bohriyaam]] waxaa loogu magac daray [[saynis]]yahanka reer Denmark ee Niels Bohr, taas oo ereyga ''Bohr'' lagu daray ''-iyaam'' (-ium). Dhinaca kale, curiye kasta wuxuu leeyahay calaamad astaan u ah taas oo inta badan ah [[labo|labo xaraf]] oo laga soo dhex saaray magaca curiyaha. Intaas waxaa dheer, waxa jira curiyayaal leh calaamad [[hal|hal xaraf]] ah iyo kuwo leh calaamad [[sadex|sadex xaraf]] ah. Tusaale ahaan, curiyaha [[Haydarojiin]] calaamada astaantiisu waa [[H]], curiyaha [[Kiribtoon]] waxa astaan u ah [[Kr]], sidoo kale curiyaha [[Ununtriyaam]] astaanteedu waa [[Uut]]. Guud ahaan, xarafka u horeeya ee magaca iyo calaamada astaanta ee curiye waxaa laga dhigaa xaraf weyn. '''Curiyaha Birta Ah''' [[Titaaniyaam]] ([[Ti]]), [[Aayron]]([[Fe]]), [[Nikel]]([[Ni]]), [[Alumiiniyaam]]([[Al]]), [[Dahab]]([[Au]]), [[Sinki]]([[Cd]]), [[Naxaas]]([[Cu]]), [[Iskaandhiyaam]], [[Kobalti]], [[Roodhiyaam]], [[Manganiis]], [[Gaaliyaam]], [[Tin]] '''Birta Alkali''' [[Liithiyaam]] ([[Li]]), [[Sodhiyaam]] ([[Na]]), [[Botashiyaam]] ([[K]]), [[Rubiidhiyaam]] ([[Rd]]), [[Kaasiyaam]] ([[Cs]]) iyo [[Faransiyaam]] ([[Fr]]). '''Curiyaha Neefta ah''' [[Ogsajiin]] ([[O]]), [[Nitrojiin]] ([[N]]), [[Haaydarojiin]] ([[H]]), [[Hiliyaam]] ([[He]]), [[Koloriin]] ([[Cl]]), '''Curiyaha Bir la moodka ah''' [[Silikoon]] ([[Si]]), [[Booron]] '''Curiyaha Bir Ma ahe''' [[Fosforos]] ([[P]]), [[Kaarboon]] ([[C]]), [[Salfar]] ([[S]]) '''Curiyaha Birta Alkalineta Dhulka''' [[Beriiliyaam]] ([[Be]]), [[Magniisiyaam]] ([[Mg]]), [[Kaalshiyaam]] ([[Ca]]), [[Istoroontiyaam]] ([[Sr]]), [[Baariyaam]] ([[Br]]) iyo [[Raadhiyaam]] ([[Ra]]). '''Neefta Halogenska''' [[Foloriin]] ([[F]]), [[Koloriin]] ([[Cl]]), [[Boromiin]] ([[Br]]), [[Aaydhiin]] ([[I]]), iyo [[Astatiin]] ([[At]]). '''[[Neefta Gobta]] (Noble gases)''' [[Hiliyaam]] ([[He]]), [[Niyoon]] ([[Ne]]), [[Aargon]] ([[Ar]]), [[Kiribtoon]] ([[Kr]]), [[Siinoon]] ([[Xe]]) iyo curiyaha radioactiveka ah [[Raadhoon]] ([[Rn]]). = Ciwaano La Mid Ah = Sidoo kale akhri: * '''[[Curiye]]''' * '''[[Falgal]]''' * '''[[Isku dhis]]''' * '''[[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha]]''' = Xigasho = {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir Ma Ahe]] [[Category:Bir La Mood]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefaha Halogen]] [[Category:Chalcogen]] [[Category:Pnictogen]] [[Category:Guruubyada Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Millan]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Halogen]] [[Category:Noble Gas]] [[Category:Bir la mood]] [[Category:Bir Ma Ahe]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Baayooloji]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Birta Alkali]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Halogen]] [[Category:Noble Gas]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] aoknpnq9h6wf87qdratoxtbcoga57ww 0 12420 309496 309247 2026-09-24T17:31:24Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309496 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AdhesivesForHouseUse004.jpg|thumb|right|Nitrocellulose adhesive waxaa laga soo saaray tuubo]] '''Xabag''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno '''koolo''', '''sement''', ama '''pastow''',<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Pike|first=Roscoe|title=adhesive|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/5823/adhesive|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.|access-date=9 April 2013}}</ref> waa shay kasta oo aan bir ahayn oo la dusha saaro mid ama labada dusha ee laba shay oo kala gooni ah taas oo isku xidha isla markaana ka celisa inay kala tagaan.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kinloch|first=A.J.|title=Adhesion and Adhesives: Science and Technology|url=https://archive.org/details/adhesionadhesive0000kinl|year=1987|publisher=Chapman and Hall|location=London|isbn=0-412-27440-X |page=[https://archive.org/details/adhesionadhesive0000kinl/page/1 1]|edition=Reprinted.}}</ref> Isticmaalka xabagaha wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyin gaar ah marka la barbardhigo farsamooyinka kale ee isku xidhka sida tolidda, xajiyeyaasha farsamada, iyo alxanka. Kuwan waxaa ka mid ah awoodda lagu xidho agabka kala duwan, qaybinta culeyska oo waxtar badan leh oo ka dhexaysa wadajirka, kharash-ku-oolnimada habka mashiinka fudud, iyo dabacsanaan weyn oo naqshadaynta ah. Khasaarooyinka isticmaalka xabagta waxaa ka mid ah xasiloonida oo hoos u dhacda heerkulka sarreeya, daciifnimo qaraabo ah oo ku jirta xidhitaanka walxaha waaweyn ee leh aagga dusha sare ee yar, iyo dhib weyn oo ah kala soocidda walxaha inta lagu jiro tijaabinta.{{sfn|Kinloch|1987|page=2}} Xabagaha waxaa badanaa lagu habeeyaa habka dhejiska iyadoo ay ku xigto ''falcelin'' ama ''aan falcelin lahayn'', erey tilmaamaya in xabagta ay fal-gelayso kiimiko ahaan si ay u adkaato. Sidoo kale, waxaa lagu habeyn karaa iyadoo la raacayo marxaladdooda jireed ee bilowga ah ama in kaydkooda ceyriin uu ka yimid asal dabiici ah ama macmal ah. Xabagaha waxaa laga heli karaa si dabiici ah ama waxaa lagu soo saari karaa si macmal ah. Isticmaalka ugu horreeya ee bini'aadamka ee walxaha xabagta oo kale ah wuxuu ahaa qiyaastii 200,000 sano ka hor,<ref name="Mazza">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.006 |title=A new Palaeolithic discovery: tar-hafted stone tools in a European Mid-Pleistocene bone-bearing bed |date=January 2006|author=Mazza, P |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=33 |page=1310 |last2=Martini |first2=F |last3=Sala |first3=B |last4=Magi |first4=M |last5=Colombini |first5=M |last6=Giachi |first6=G |last7=Landucci |first7=F |last8=Lemorini |first8=C |last9=Modugno |first9=F |last10=Ribechini |first10=E| issue=9|bibcode=2006JArSc..33.1310M }}</ref> markii Neanderthals ay soo saareen daamur ka soo baxay foornada qallalan ee qolofka björken si loogu isticmaalo in lagu xiro qalabka dhagaxa ah gacan-qabashada alwaax.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kozowyk|first1=P. R. B.|last2=Soressi|first2=M.|last3=Pomstra|first3=D.|last4=Langejans|first4=G. H. J.|date=2017-08-31|title=Experimental methods for the Palaeolithic dry distillation of birch bark: implications for the origin and development of Neandertal adhesive technology|journal=Scientific Reports|language=En|volume=7|issue=1|page=8033|doi=10.1038/s41598-017-08106-7|doi-access=free|pmid=28860591|issn=2045-2322|bibcode=2017NatSR...7.8033K|pmc=5579016}}</ref> Tixraacyadii ugu horreeyay ee xabagta ee suugaanta ayaa ka muuqday qiyaastii 2000 BC. Giriigga iyo Roomaanku waxay qayb libaax leh ka qaateen horumarinta xabagaha. Yurub dhexdeeda, koolada si weyn looma isticmaali jirin ilaa xilligii AD 1500–1700.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Stamm |first1=A.J. |title=Principles of Wood Science and Technology |last2=Kuenzi |first2=E.W. |last3=Kollmann |first3=Franz F.P. |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |year=2012 |isbn=978-3-642-87931-9 |page=1}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo waqtigaas ilaa 1900-meeyadii kororka isticmaalka xabagta iyo helitaankeedu wuxuu ahaa mid tartiib tartiib ah. Kaliya tan iyo qarnigii 20-aad ayuu horumarinta xabagaha macmalka ah si degdeg ah u dedejiyay, hal-abuurnimaduna waxay ka socotaa goobta ilaa maanta. == Taariikhda == [[File:Animal glue liquid.jpg|thumbnail|left|Koolada xoolaha ee dareeraha ah]] Caddayntii ugu horreysay ee isticmaalka xabagta bini'aadamka waxaa laga helay bartamaha Talyaaniga markii saddex qalab oo dhagax ah laga helay calaamado daamur qolof björken ah. Qalabkan waxaa loo asteeyay inay ahaayeen ilaa 200,000 oo sano ka hor intii aan la gaarin Paleolithic-ga Dhexe. Waa tusaalihii ugu horreeyay ee qalabka dhagaxa ee daamurku xidhay.<ref name="Mazza" /> Daraasad ku saabsan qadiimiga tijaabada ah oo la daabacay 2019 ayaa muujisay sida daamurka qolofka björken loo soo saari karo hab sahlan oo la heli karo. Waxay ku lug leedahay in si toos ah loo gubo qolofka björken ee hoos yimaada dusha sare ee dhagaxa ee jawi furan oo la ururiyo daamurka ka dhasha dhagaxa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Schmidt|first1= P.|last2=Blessing|first2= M.|last3= Rageot|first3= M.|last4= Iovita|first4= R.|last5= Pfleging|first5= J.|last6= Nickel|first6= K. G.|last7= Righetti|first7= L. |last8=Tennie|first8= C.|title=Birch tar extraction does not prove Neanderthal behavioral complexity|journal=PNAS|doi=10.1073/pnas.1911137116|pmid=31427508|volume=116|pmc=6731756|year=2019|issue=36|pages=17707–17711|bibcode=2019PNAS..11617707S |doi-access=free}}</ref> In kasta oo ay dhagayaan, xabagaha dhirta ku salaysan ee qaybta keliya ah waxay noqon karaan kuwo jaban oo u nugul xaaladaha deegaanka. Isticmaalkii ugu horreeyay ee xabagaha isku-dhafan waxaa laga helay Sibudu, Koonfur Afrika. Halkaan, qaybo dhagax ah oo 70,000 sano jir ah oo horay loogu geliyay gacan-qabashada faaska ayaa la helay iyagoo ay ku daboolan tahay xabag ka kooban xabagta dhirta iyo ocher cas (cilmiga birta dabiiciga ah) maadaama ku darida ocher xabagta dhirta ay soo saarto badeeco xoog leh oo ka ilaalinaysa xabagta inay burburto xaaladaha qoyan.<ref name="Wadley">{{cite journal |pmid=19433786 |date=Jun 2009|author1=Wadley, L |author2=Hodgskiss, T |author3=Grant, M |title=Implications for complex cognition from the hafting of tools with compound adhesives in the Middle Stone Age, South Africa |volume=106 |issue=24 |pages=9590–4 |issn=0027-8424 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0900957106 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |pmc=2700998|bibcode = 2009PNAS..106.9590W |doi-access=free}}</ref> Awoodda ay u leeyihiin inay soo saaraan xabag xoog leh ayaa u oggolaatay dadkii Stone Age ee dhexe inay ku xiraan qaybaha dhagaxa ulaha oo leh kala duwanaansho badan, taas oo horseeday horumarinta qalab cusub.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wadley|first=Lyn|title=Compound-Adhesive Manufacture as a Behavioral Proxy for Complex Cognition in the Middle Stone Age|journal=Current Anthropology|date=1 June 2010|volume=51|issue=s1|pages=S111–S119|doi=10.1086/649836|s2cid=56253913}}</ref> Daraasad lagu sameeyay agabka ka yimid Le Moustier ayaa tilmaamaysa in dadkii Paleolithic-ga Dhexe, oo laga yaabo inay ahaayeen Neanderthals, ay isticmaaleen koolo ka samaysan isku-dar ah ocher iyo bitumen si ay u sameeyaan gacmo-qabasho si loo gooyo oo loo xoqo qalabka dhagaxa.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Patrick|last1= Schmidt|first2= Radu|last2= Iovita|first3= Armelle|last3= Charrié-Duhaut|first4= Gunther|last4= Möller|first5= Abay|last5= Namen|first6= Ewa|last6= Dutkiewicz|date=21 February 2024|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378369816|title=Ochre-based compound adhesives at the Mousterian type-site document complex cognition and high investment|journal=Science Advances|volume=10|issue=8|article-number=eadl0822 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adl0822|pmid=38381827 |pmc=10881035|bibcode=2024SciA...10L.822S }}</ref> Tusaalooyin dhowaan la helay oo ah isticmaalka xabagta ee bini'aadamka taariikhda ka horreeya waxaa laga helay goobaha lagu aaso qabaa'ilkii hore. Qadiimiyayaasha baranayay goobaha ayaa ogaaday in qiyaastii 6,000 sano ka hor dadkii qabiilka ahaa ay meydkooda ku aaseen cunto laga helay dhalooyin dhoobo ah oo jabay oo lagu hagaajiyay resins-ka geedaha.{{sfn|Ebnesajjad|2010|p=137}} Baaritaan kale oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahannada qadiimiga ayaa lagu ogaaday isticmaalka sementiga bituminous si loogu xiro indhaha fool-maroodiga taallooyinka macbisyada Babyloniyaanka ah ee soo jeeda qiyaastii 4000 BC.{{sfn|Mittal|Pizzi|2003|p=1}} [[File:ReconstructedOetziAxe.jpg|thumb|upright|Dib-u-dhiska faaska Ötzi, kaas oo isticmaalay garaw sida xabag ah]] Sannadkii 2000, warqad ayaa daaha ka qaaday helitaanka nin 5,200 sano jir ah oo loogu magac daray Tyrolean Iceman ama Ötzi, kaas oo lagu ilaaliyay baraf hoose oo ku dhow xadka Austria iyo Talyaaniga. Qaar ka mid ah alaabtiisii ayaa la helay isaga oo ay ku jiraan laba fallaarood oo wata madaxda fallaadhaha flint iyo hal geesiga naxaasta ah, mid walbana wuxuu caddayn u ahaa xabagta dabiiciga ah ee loo isticmaalo in lagu xiro qaybaha dhagaxa ama birta ulaha alwaaxa. Xabagta waxaa loo falanqeeyay inay tahay pitch, taas oo u baahan kululaynta daamurka inta ay soo saarayso. Soo-celinta daamurkan waxay u baahan tahay beddelka qolofka björken iyada oo la adeegsanayo kulayl, oo ah hab loo yaqaanno pyrolysis.<ref>Sauter F, Jordis U, Graf A, Werther W, Varmuza K. (2000). [http://www.arkat-usa.org/get-file.php?fileid=19868 Studies in organic archaeology I: identification of the prehistoric adhesive used by the "Tyrolean Iceman" to fix his weapons] ARKIVOC, 1:[5] 735–747</ref> Tixraacyadii ugu horreeyay ee xabagta ee suugaanta ayaa ka muuqday qiyaastii 2000 BC. Diiwaanno taariikheed oo dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan isticmaalka xabagta waxaa laga helay xilliga u dhexeeya 1500–1000 BC. Agabka xilligan waxaa ka mid ah sawirro muujinaya hawlgallada alwaax-dheejinta iyo sanduuq ka samaysan alwaax iyo koolo oo ku yaal qabriga Boqor Tutankhamun.{{sfn|Ebnesajjad|2010|p=137}} Agabyada kale ee Masar ee qadiimiga ah waxay adeegsadaan xabagta xoolaha si loogu xiro ama loogu lamiyeeyo. Lamination-ka noocaas ah ee alwaaxa ee qaansooyinka iyo alaabta guriga ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay dheereeyeen noloshooda waxaana lagu fuliyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo casein (borotiinka caanaha) ku salaysan koolada. Masriyiinta qadiimiga ah waxay sidoo kale horumariyeen pastow ku salaysan istaariish si loogu xiro papyrus dharka iyo agab gypsum oo kale ah oo ka samaysan calcined gypsum.{{sfn|Mittal|Pizzi|2003|p=2}} [[File:Molten beeswax.JPG|thumb|Maliinta shimbiraha|left]] Laga soo bilaabo AD 1 ilaa 500 Giriigga iyo Roomaanku waxay qayb libaax leh ka qaateen horumarinta xabagaha. Veneer-ka alwaaxa iyo marquetry ayaa la horumariyay, soo-saaridda xabagta xoolaha iyo kaluunka waa la sifeeyay, waxaana la isticmaalay agabyo kale. Pastowga ku salaysan ukunta waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu xiro caleemaha dahabka ah, waxayna ku dareen maaddooyin dabiici ah oo kala duwan sida dhiigga, lafta, maqaarka, caanaha, farmaajada, khudaarta, iyo badarka.{{sfn|Ebnesajjad|2010|p=137}} Giriiggu waxay bilaabeen isticmaalka slaked lime sida nuurad halka Roomaanku ay sii horumariyeen horumarinta nuuradda iyagoo ku daraya nuuradda dambaska foolkaanaha iyo ciidda. Agabkan, oo loo yaqaanno pozzolanic cement, waxaa loo isticmaalay dhismaha Roman Colosseum iyo Pantheon.{{sfn|Mittal|Pizzi|2003|p=2}} Roomaanku waxay sidoo kale ahaayeen dadkii ugu horreeyay ee la ogyahay inay isticmaaleen daamurka iyo malabka shimbiraha sida caulk iyo shaabeeye u dhexeeya looxyada alwaaxa ee doonyahooda iyo maraakiibtooda.{{sfn|Ebnesajjad|2010|p=137}} Aasiya Dhexe, kor u kaca Mongols qiyaastii AD 1000 waxaa qayb ahaan loo aanayn karaa kala duwanaanshaha wanaagsan iyo awoodda qaansooyinka Genghis Khan. Qaansooyinkan waxaa laga sameeyay xudunta bambooka, oo wata geeso caloosha ah (u jeeda xagga qaanso-sidaha) iyo muruqyo dhabarka ah, oo isku xidhan oo wata xabagta xoolaha.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ashton |first1=J. E.|last2=Halpin|first2=John C. |last3=Petit|first3=P.H.|title=Primer on Composite Materials: Analysis |date=1969 |publisher=Technomic Publishing|oclc=27238 |location=Westport, Connecticut |isbn=0-87762-754-1}}</ref> [[File:Casein glue preparation.jpg|framed|right|Diyaarinta xabagta Casein]] Yurub dhexdeeda, kooladu waxay gashay dayacaad ilaa xilligii AD 1500–1700.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Stamm |first1=A.J. |title=Principles of Wood Science and Technology |last2=Kuenzi |first2=E.W. |last3=Kollmann |first3=Franz F.P. |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |year=2012 |isbn=978-3-642-87931-9 |page=1}}</ref> Waqtigan xaadirka ah, kuwa sameeya golaha wasiirada iyo alaabta guriga ee caanka ka ah adduunka sida Thomas Chippendale iyo Duncan Phyfe waxay bilaabeen inay isticmaalaan xabagta si ay alaabtooda isugu hayaan.{{sfn|Ebnesajjad|2010|p=137}} Sannadkii 1690, warshaddii ugu horreysay ee koolada ganacsiga ayaa la aasaasay Netherlands. Warshaddani waxay soo saartay koolo laga helay maqaarka xoolaha.{{sfn|Mittal|Pizzi|2003|p=3}} Sannadkii 1750, shatigii ugu horreeyay ee koolada Ingiriiska ayaa la bixiyay ee loogu talagalay xabagta kalluunka. Tobanaankii xigay ee qarnigii xigay waxay arkeen soo-saaridda xabagta casein ee Jarmalka iyo Switzerland.{{sfn|Ebnesajjad|2010|p=137}} Sannadkii 1876, shatigii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykanka (lambar 183,024) ayaa la siiyay walaalaha Ross ee soo-saaridda xabagta casein.{{sfn|Ebnesajjad|2010|p=137}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Ross|first=John|title=Improvement in Processes of Preparing Glue|url=http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00183024&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect2%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526d%3DPALL%2526S1%3D0183024.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F183024%2526RS%3DPN%2F183024&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page|publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office|access-date=14 April 2013|author2=Charles Ross|date=10 October 1876}}</ref> Boostada ugu horreysay ee Mareykanka waxay isticmaashay xabagta ku salaysan istaariishka markii la soo saaray 1847. Shatigii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykanka (lambar 61,991) ee dextrin (oo ah badeecada istaariishka) xabagta ayaa la bixiyay 1867.{{sfn|Ebnesajjad|2010|p=137}} Caagadda dabiiciga ah waxaa markii ugu horreysay loo isticmaalay agab xabagta ah 1830,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bonding- An Ancient Art|url=http://www.adhesives.org/adhesives-sealants/fastening-bonding/history-of-bonding/bonding-an-ancient-art|work=Adhesives.org|publisher=Adhesives and Sealants Council|access-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> taas oo calaamadisay barta billowga ah ee xabagta casriga ah.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wypych|first=George|title=Handbook of Adhesion Promoters|publisher=Elsevier|year=2018|isbn=978-1-927885-30-7|page=2}}</ref> Sannadkii 1862, shatiga Ingiriiska (lambar 3288) ayaa la siiyay dahaarka birta leh naxaas iyadoo la adeegsanayo electrodeposition si loo helo xidhid adag oo loogu talagalay caagadda.{{sfn|Mittal|Pizzi|2003|p=3}} Horumarinta baabuurka iyo baahida loo qabo kuraasta shoogga caagadda waxay u baahdeen xidhitaanno adag oo waara oo caag iyo bir ah. Tani waxay kicisay horumarinta caagadda wareegsan ee lagu daweeyay aashitada adag. Sannadkii 1927, habkan waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu soo saaro xabagta caagadda ah ee thermoplastic ee ku salaysan dareeraha birta ilaa xidhitaanka caagadda.{{sfn|Mittal|Pizzi|2003|p=4}} Xabagta dhagaxa ah ee ku salaysan caagadda dabiiciga ah waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu isticmaalay dhabarka waxaa sameeyay Henry Day (US Patent 3,965) 1845.{{sfn|Mittal|Pizzi|2003|p=4}} Markii dambe noocyada xabagtaan waxaa lagu isticmaalay qalliinka maro gadaal ah iyo cajaladaha korontada. Sannadkii 1925, warshadaha cajaladaha cadaadiska xasaasiga ah ayaa dhashay.{{sfn|Kinloch|1987|page=2}} Maanta, xusuus-qoryaha dhejiska ah, cajaladda Scotch, iyo cajaladaha kale ayaa tusaale u ah xabagta cadaadiska xasaasiga ah (PSA).<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QZcbSr8MW98C&pg=PA499|title=Adhesion Science and Engineering: Surfaces, Chemistry and Applications|chapter=Chapter 13: Effect of rheology on PSA performance|author1=David J. Yarusso |editor1=A.V. Pocius |editor2=David A. Dillard|date=2002|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-052598-3|language=en}}</ref> Tallaabo muhiim ah oo ku jirta horumarinta caagagga macmalka ah waxay ahayd soo-bandhigidda caag thermoset ah oo loo yaqaanno Bakelite phenolic 1910.{{sfn|Ebnesajjad|2010|p=138}} L laba sano gudahood, resin phenolic waxaa lagu dabaqay plywood sida varnish dahaarka ah. Horraantii 1930-meeyadii, phenolics waxay muhiimad ka heleen sida resins xabagta.{{sfn|Mittal|Pizzi|2003}} 1920-meeyadii, 1930-meeyadii, iyo 1940-meeyadii waxay arkeen horumarro waaweyn oo ku saabsan horumarinta iyo soo-saaridda caagagga cusub iyo resins sababtoo ah Dagaalkii Koowaad iyo Labaad ee Adduunka. Horumarintani waxay si weyn u wanaajisay horumarinta xabagta iyadoo u oggolaanaysa isticmaalka agabyada cusub ee la soo saaray oo soo bandhigay sifooyin kala duwan. Iyada oo la beddelayo baahiyaha iyo tignoolajiyada weligood is beddesha, horumarinta xabagta cusub ee macmalka ah waxay sii socotaa ilaa maanta.{{sfn|Ebnesajjad|2010|p=138}} Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah kharashkooda hooseeya, xabagta dabiiciga ah ayaa weli ah kuwa inta badan la isticmaalo.{{sfn|Mittal|Pizzi|2003|p=10}} == Noocyada == {{See also|List of glues}} Xabagaha waxaa badanaa lagu habeeyaa habka dhejiska. Kuwan waxaa markaa loo habeeyaa xabagta falcelinta iyo aan falcelinta lahayn, taas oo tilmaamaysa in xabagta ay fal-gelayso kiimiko ahaan si ay u adkaato. Sidoo kale waxaa loo habayn karaa iyadoo la eegayo in kaydka cayriin uu ka yimid asal dabiici ah ama macmal ah, ama marxaladdooda jireed ee billowga ah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://roofonline.com/mil-hdbk-691b-department-of-defense-military-standardization-handbook-adhesive-bonding|title=MIL-HDBK-691B – Department of Defense – Military Standardization Handbook – Adhesive Bonding|page=47|website=Roof Online|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> === Falcelinta === ==== Aan falcelin lahayn ==== ===== Qallajinta ===== Waxaa jira laba nooc oo xabag ah oo ku adkaada qalajinta: xabagta ku salaysan dareeraha iyo xabagta kala-baxa polymer, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno xabagta emulsion. Xabagta ku salaysan dareeraha waa isku-dar ah maaddooyinka (badanaa polymers) oo lagu milay dareeraha. Koolada cad ee Polyvinyl acetate, xabagta xiriirka iyo xabagta caagadda ah ayaa xubin ka ah qoyska xabagta qallajinta. Marka dareeraha uumiga baxo, xabagta ayaa adkaata. Iyadoo ku xiran halabuurka kiimikada ee xabagta, waxay ku dhegi doonaan agabyo kala duwan si ka yar ama ka badan. Xabagta kala-baxa polymer waa kala-bax caano-cad oo inta badan ku saleysan polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha alwaaxa iyo baakadaha. Wax waxaa sidoo kale loogu isticmaalaa dharka iyo agabka dharka ku salaysan, iyo alaabta injineernimada ah sida koonisyada cod-baahiyaha. ===== Cadaadiska xasaasiga ah ===== {{Main|Pressure-sensitive adhesive}} Xabagta cadaadiska xasaasiga ah (PSA) waxay samaysaa xidhitaan iyadoo la adeegsanayo cadaadis fudud si loo xiro xabagta iyo dhejiska. Waxaa loo qaabeeyey inay yeeshaan dheelitirka u dhexeeya socodka iyo is caabbinta socodka. Xidhitaanku wuxuu sameeyaa sababtoo ah xabagtu waa mid jilicsan oo ku filan inay qulqulaato (sida, qoyan) dhejiska. Xidhitaanku wuxuu leeyahay xoog sababtoo ah xabagtu waa mid adag oo ku filan inay u adkaysato socodka marka cadaadiska la saaro xidhitaanka. Marka xabagta iyo dhejiska ay ku dhow yihiin dhow, fal-dhexgalka molecular, sida xoogagga van der Waals, ayaa ku lug leh xidhitaanka, taas oo gacan weyn ka geisanaysa xooggeeda ugu dambeeya. PSAs waxaa loogu talagalay codsiyada joogtada ah ama la saari karo. Tusaalooyinka codsiyada joogtada ah waxaa ka mid ah sumadaha badbaadada ee qalabka korontada, cajaladda foornada ee shaqada dhuumaha HVAC, golaha qurxinta gudaha baabuurka, iyo filimada qoyan ee dhawaqa/gariirka. Qaar ka mid ah PSAs joogtada ah ee waxqabadka sarreeya waxay muujinayaan qiyamka dhejiska sare waxayna taageeri karaan kiiloogaraam oo miisaan ah mitir laba jibaaran ee aagga xiriirka, xitaa heerkulka sarreeya. PSAs joogtada ah waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan weligood la saari karin (tusaale ahaan si loo soo ceshado alaabta khaldan) oo ay dhistaan xabag xidhitaan joogto ah saacado ama maalmo kadib. Xabagta la saari karo waxaa loo qaabeeyey inay sameeyaan xidhitaan ku-meel-gaar ah, oo sida ugu habboon looga saari karo bilo ama sano iyada oo aan laga tegin haraaga dhejiska. Xabagta la saari karo waxaa loo isticmaalaa codsiyada sida filimada ilaalinta dusha sare, cajaladaha maaskarada, calaamadaha buug-yaraha iyo warqadaha xusuusin, calaamadaha koodhka bar-bar, calaamadaha calaamadaynta qiimaha, agabka xayeysiinta, iyo xiriirka maqaarka (daryeelka boogaha, elektaroodyada EKG, cajaladda ciyaaraha, dawooyinka xanuunka iyo daroogooyinka trans-dermal, iwm.). Qaar ka mid ah xabagta la saari karo waxaa loo qaabeeyey inay ku dhegaan oo kala tagaan si isdaba joog ah.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Barcode|first1=Barry|title=Rubber Acrylic Adhesive Labels|url=http://www.midcomdata.com/rubber-acrylic-adhesive-labels/|website=Midcomdata|date=23 July 2014}}</ref> Waxay leeyihiin xabag hoose, guud ahaanna ma taageeri karaan miisaan badan. Cadaadiska xasaasiga ah ee xabagta waxaa lagu isticmaalaa xusuusinaha Post-it. Xabagta cadaadiska xasaasiga ah waxaa lagu soo saaraa qaade dareere ah ama qaab adag oo 100%. Maqaallada waxaa laga sameeyaa PSA dareere ah iyadoo la marinayo xabagta oo la qalajinayo dareeraha ama qaade biyaha. Waxaa laga yaabaa in si dheeraad ah loo kululeeyo si loo bilaabo falcelinta isku xidhka oo la kordhiyo miisaanka molecular. 100% PSA adag waxay noqon karaan polymers viscosity hoose oo la dahaaray oo markaas lagula falgelay shucaaca si loo kordhiyo miisaanka molecular oo loo sameeyo xabagta, ama waxay noqon karaan agab viscosity sarreeya oo la kululeeyo si loo yareeyo viscosity ku filan si loo oggolaado dahaarka, ka dibna qaboojiyo foomkooda ugu dambeeya. Maaddada ceyriin ee ugu weyn ee PSA waa polymers acrylate ku salaysan. ===== Xiriirka ===== {{See also|Contact adhesives}} Xabagta xiriirka waxay samaysaa xidhitaan adkaysi u leh xiiridda oo wata waqti adkaansho degdeg ah. Badanaa waxaa lagu dabaqaa lakabyo dhuuban oo loogu isticmaalo laminate-yada, sida ku xiridda Formica dusha sare, iyo kabaha, sida ku xiridda lugaha hoose ee sare. Caagadda dabiiciga ah iyo polychloroprene (Neoprene) waa xabagta xiriirka ee caadiga ah. Labadan elastomers waxay maraan crystalization xiisad. Xabagta xiriirka waa in lagu dabaqaa labada dusha sare oo la siiyaa xoogaa waqti ah si ay u qallalaan ka hor inta aan labada dusha la isku riixin. Qaar ka mid ah xabagta xiriirka waxay qaadataa ilaa 24 saacadood inay si buuxda u qallajiso ka hor inta aan dusha la isku haynin. Marka dusha la isku riixo, xidhitaanka wuxuu sameeyaa si aad u degdeg ah.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://composite.about.com/library/glossary/c/bldef-c1257.htm| title = Definition of ''contact adhesive'' on About.com| access-date = 25 September 2006}}</ref> Isku xiridda looma baahna sababtoo ah samaynta xidhitaanka degdegga ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Magazine |first=Wood |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ltsv0oq_C6EC&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Wood Magazine - Making Great Boxes |date=2006 |publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. |isbn=978-1-4027-0763-6 |language=en}}</ref> ===== Kulul ===== [[File:Stanley-Hot-Glue-Gun-GR35K.jpg|right|thumbnail|Qoriga koolada, oo ah tusaale ka mid ah xabagta kulul]] {{Main|Hot-melt adhesive}} Xabagta kulul, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno xabagta dhalaasha kulul, waa thermoplastics lagu dabaqo qaab dhalaalay (inta u dhaxaysa 65–180 °C) kuwaas oo adkaada marka la qaboojiyo si ay u sameeyaan xidhitaan adag oo u dhexeeya agabyo kala duwan. Xabagta dhalaasha kulul ee ku salaysan Ethylene-vinyl acetate ayaa si gaar ah caan ugu ah farsamada gacanta sababtoo ah sahlanaanta isticmaalkooda iyo agabka caadiga ah ee kala duwan ee ay ku biiri karaan. Qoriga koolada (oo midigta ka muuqda) waa hal hab oo lagu dabaqo xabagta kulul. Qoriga koolada wuxuu dhaliyaa xabagta adag, ka dibna u oggolaanaysa dareeraha inuu dhex maro foornadiisa ilaa agabka, halkaas oo uu ku adkaado. Xabagta thermoplastic waxaa laga yaabaa inay soo saartay qiyaastii 1940 Procter & Gamble oo xal u ah dhibaatada ah in xabagta biyaha ku salaysan, ee caadi ahaan loogu isticmaalo baakadaha waqtigaas, ay ku guuldarraysteen cimilada qoyan, taas oo keentay inay baakadaha furmaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xabagta biyaha ku salaysan ayaa weli ah kuwo aad u xiiso badan maadaama aysan inta badan ka koobnayn dareeraha uumiga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bhakare |first1=Madhuri A. |last2=Lokhande |first2=Kshama D. |last3=Bondarde |first3=Mahesh P. |last4=Dhumal |first4=Pratik S. |last5=Some |first5=Surajit |date=2023-02-15 |title=Dual functions of bioinspired, water-based, reusable composite as a highly efficient flame retardant and strong adhesive |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894722059010 |journal=Chemical Engineering Journal |volume=454 |article-number=140421 |doi=10.1016/j.cej.2022.140421 |issn=1385-8947}}</ref> === Falcelinta === ==== Anaerobic ==== Xabagta anaerobic waxay adkaataa marka ay la xiriirto birta, iyada oo aan lahayn ogsajiin.<ref>{{cite web |title=About anaerobic adhesives |publisher=ThreeBond Holdings Co. |url=https://www.threebond.co.jp/en/technical/seminar/adhesion2.html |access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref> Si fiican ayay uga shaqeeyaan meel bannaan oo isku xiran, sida marka loo isticmaalo dareeraha xiritaanka dunta. ==== Qaybo badan leh ==== Xabagta qaybo badan leh waxay adkaadaan iyadoo la isku darayo laba qaybood ama ka badan oo fal-gelaya kiimiko ahaan. Falcelintani waxay keentaa in polymers-ku isku xirmaan acrylates, urethanes, iyo epoxies. Waxaa jira dhowr kombinasyon oo ganacsi oo ah xabagta qaybo badan leh oo laga isticmaalo warshadaha. Qaar ka mid ah isku-darkaan waa: * Polyester resin & polyurethane resin * Polyols & polyurethane resin * Acrylic polymers & polyurethane resins Qaybaha shakhsi ahaaneed ee xabagta qaybo badan leh ma aha kuwo xabag ah dabiici ahaan. Qaybaha shakhsi ahaaneed waxay midba midka kale la falgalaan ka dib marka la isku daro waxayna muujiyaan xabag buuxda oo keliya marka la daweeyo. Resins-ka qaybo badan leh waxay noqon karaan kuwo dareere ku salaysan ama dareere la'aan ah. Dareerayaasha ku jira xabagta ayaa ah dhexdhexaad u ah polyester ama polyurethane resin. Dareeraha waa la qalajiyaa inta lagu jiro habka daweynta. ==== Xabagta la sii qaboojiyay ee horay loo sii daray ==== Xabagta la sii qaboojiyay ee horay loo sii daray (PMFs) waa xabag la isku daray, hawada laga saaray, la baakadeeyay, lana qaboojiyay.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XiRdDgAAQBAJ|title=Polymeric Thermosetting Compounds|publisher=Apple Academic Press|author=Ralph D. Hermansen|page=31|date=16 March 2017|access-date=27 October 2017|isbn=978-1-77188-315-3}}</ref> Sida ay lagama maarmaanka u tahay in PMFs ay baraf ahaadaan intaan la isticmaalin ka hor, marka la qaboojiyo −80 °C waxaa lagu soo raraan baraf engegan waxaana looga baahan yahay in lagu keydiyo ama ka hooseeyo −40 °C.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adhesivesmag.com/articles/93547-repackaging-options-for-two-component-adhesives-sealants-and-coatings|title=Repackaging Options for Two-Component Adhesives, Sealants and Coatings|publisher=Adhesives and Sealants Industry|date=5 January 2015|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref> Xabagaha PMF waxay meesha ka saaraan qaladaadka isku-darka ee uu sameeyo isticmaalaha ugu dambeeya waxayna yareeyaan soo-gaaridda wakiillada adkeeya ee ka koobnaan kara waxyaabaha cuncunka ama sunta leh.<ref>{{cite book|title=Adhesives Technology for Electronic Applications: Materials, Processing, Reliability|publisher=Elsevier|author1=James J. Licari|author2=Dale W. Swanson|date=2011|page=121|access-date=27 October 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZ5kEWU5aHoC&q=Premixed+and+frozen+adhesives+history&pg=PA28|isbn=978-1-4377-7890-8}}</ref> PMFs waxaa ganacsi ahaan la soo bandhigay 1960-meeyadii waxaana badanaa lagu isticmaalaa hawada sare iyo difaaca.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.appli-tec.com/adhesives/history-of-frozen-adhesives/|title=History of Pre-Mixed and Frozen (PMF) Adhesives|publisher=Appli-tec|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref> ==== Qayb-hal ==== Xabagaha qayb-hal ah waxay adkaadaan iyada oo loo marayo fal-gal kiimikaad oo ay la leeyihiin il tamar oo dibadda ah, sida shucaaca, kulaylka, iyo qoyaanka. [[File:Steeldive SD8205-2.jpg|thumb|Saacad wadata muraayad weyneynaysa taariikhda. Muraayadda waxaa lagu dhejiyay xabag hufan oo UV rays ku adkaata dusha sare ee muraayadda saacadda.]] Xabagaha ultraviolet (UV) ee ku adkaada iftiinka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno agabka iftiinka ku adkaada (LCM), ayaa caan ka noqday qaybta wax-soo-saarka sababtoo ah waqtigooda adkaanshaha degdegga ah iyo xoogga xidhmo adag. Xabagaha iftiinka ku adkaada waxay ku adkaan karaan ilaa hal ilbiriqsi gudahood waxaana qaabab badan ay ku xidhi karaan substrates kala duwan (agab) oo ay u adkeysan karaan heerkulka daran. Tilmaamahan ayaa ka dhigaya xabagaha UV curing kuwo lagama maarmaan u ah soo-saaridda alaabta ee suuqyo badan oo warshadeed sida elektaroonigga, isgaarsiinta, caafimaadka, hawada sare, dhalada, iyo indhaha. Si ka duwan xabagaha dhaqameed, xabagaha UV ee iftiinka ku adkaada ma aha oo kaliya in ay isku xidhaan agabka laakiin sidoo-kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu shaabadeeyo oo lagu daweeyo alaabta. Inta badan waxay ku saleysan yihiin akrilik. Xabagaha kulaylka ku adkaada waxay ka kooban yihiin isku-dar hore loo sii sameeyay oo ah laba qaybood ama ka badan. Markა kulaylka la adeegsado qaybaha ayaa fal-gelaya oo isku xidhma. Noocyada xabagtan waxaa ka mid ah thermosetting polymer thermoset epoxies, urethanes, iyo polyimides. Xabagaha qoyaanka ku adkaada waxay adkaadaan marka ay la falgalaan qoyaanka ka jira dusha sare ee substrate-ka ama hawada. Noocyada xabagtan waxaa ka mid ah cyanoacrylates iyo urethanes. {{See also|List of polyurethane applications#Adhesives}} === Asal ahaan === ==== Dabiici ah ==== Xabagaha dabiiciga ah waxaa laga sameeyaa ilaha dabiiciga ah sida borotiinka khudaarta (dextrin), resins-ka dabiiciga ah, ama xayawaanka (tusaale borotiinka caanaha casein<ref name="cornell">[https://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/index.html?quid=160 CCMR – Ask A Scientist!]</ref> iyo xabagta xoolaha ee maqaarka ku salaysan). Kuwan waxaa badanaa loogu yeeraa bioadhesives. Tusaale ahaan waa koolo fudud oo lagu sameeyo iyadoo la karkarinayo bur biyo ku jira. Xabagaha ku salaysan istaariishka waxaa lagu isticmaalaa soo-saaridda looxyada laalaaban iyo bacaha warqadda, duubista tuubooyinka warqadda, iyo xabagaha darbiyada. Xabagta casein waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalka in lagu dhejiyo sumadaha dhalada dhalada ah. Xabagaha xoolaha waxaa dhaqan ahaan loo isticmaali jiray buugaagta la xidho, ku biirista alwaaxa, iyo meelo kale oo badanimada laakiin hadda waxaa inta badan beddelay xabagta macmalka ah marka laga reebo codsiyada gaarka ah sida soo-saaridda iyo dayactirka qalabka muusigga ee xadhkaha leh. Albumen-ka laga soosaaray qaybta borotiinka ee dhiigga ayaa waxaa lagu isticmaali jiray warshadaha plywood. Masonite, oo ah alwaax adag, ayaa asal ahaan lagu xidhay iyadoo la adeegsanayo lignin alwaax dabiici ah, in kasta oo inta badan looxyada casriga ah ee Particle board-ka sida MDF ay isticmaalaan resins-ka kulaylka ku adkaada ee macmalka ah. ==== Macmal ah ==== Xabagaha macmalka ah waxaa laga sameeyaa xeryahooda dabiiciga ah.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Mantanis | first1=George I. | last2=Athanassiadou | first2=Eleftheria Th. | last3=Barbu | first3=Marius C. | last4=Wijnendaele | first4=Kris | author1-link=George Mantanis |title=Adhesive systems used in the European particleboard, MDF and OSB industries | journal=Wood Material Science & Engineering | volume=13 | issue=2 | date=2018-03-15 | issn=1748-0272 | doi=10.1080/17480272.2017.1396622 | pages=104–116 }}</ref> Intooda badani waxay ku saleysan yihiin elastomers, thermoplastics, emulsions, iyo thermosets. Tusaalooyinka xabagaha kulaylka ku adkaada waa: epoxy, polyurethane, cyanoacrylate iyo acrylic polymers. Xabagta macmalka ah ee ugu horreysay ee ganacsi ahaan loo soo saaro waxay ahayd Karlsons Klister 1920-meeyadii.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/innovation/article3208149.ece| title = Ny Teknik: Sverige fastnade tack vare åsnan| access-date = 15 August 2011}}</ref> == Codsiga == Qalabka lagu mariyo xabagaha kala duwan waxaa loo qaabeeyey si waafaqsan xabagta la isticmaalayo iyo cabbirka aagga ay tahay in xabagta lagu mariyo. Xabagta waxaa lagu mariyaa mid ka mid ah ama labada shay ee la isku xidhayo. Cadadku waa la simaa waxaana la saaraa cadaadis si loogu caawiyo dhejinta isla markaana laga saaro xabagta xumbooyinka hawada. Hababka caadiga ah ee lagu mariyo xabagta waxaa ka mid ah burushyada, rollers, iyadoo la isticmaalayo filimada ama xabadaha, qoryaha buufinta iyo qoryaha codsiga (tusaale, qoriga caulk). Dhammaan kuwan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si gacmeed ah ama si otomaatig ah qayb uga ah mashiinka. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} tg53ssmrt3226kfzdntrx2wwajmoizs 0 12779 309581 219285 2026-09-24T21:49:11Z ~2026-51596-12 47557 309581 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Ilkaha qofka qaandhaadhla ah.]] [[File:Close_up_-_chimpanzee_teeth.png|thumb|Ilkaha iyo [[Mici]]yaha [[daanyeer]]ka.]] [[File:Denticao.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka ilkaha, [[gows]]aha iyo [[mici]]yada dadka.]] '''Ilig''' wadar ahaan loo yaqaano '''Ilko''' ({{lang-ar|سن}} {{lang-it|dente}} {{lang-en|tooth}} waa [[laf]] cad, adag oo [[af]]ka [[dad]]ka, [[xoolo|xoolaha]] iyo in badan oo [[xayawaan]]ka ku dhex taala. Ilkahu waxay ka soo baxaan [[cirid]]ka ku dhex yaala afka. Ilkaha balaadhan ee dhumucda wayn waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Gows]]o, halka [[mici]]yuhu yihiin kuwo dhaadheer oo fiiqan. Afarta ilig ee hore ee dhabanka sare ku yaala waxaa lagu magacaabaa [[Fool|4ta fool]]. Shaqada ilkuhu waa ineey burburiyaan iyo jajabiyaan walxaha [[af]]ka soo dhexgala sida [[cunto|cuntada]] iyo ineey qaab u sameeyaan [[dhaban]]ada. Qofka qaangaadhka ah wuxuu leeyahay 32 ilig oo u kala baxa, [[gows|20 gows]], [[mici|4 mici]] iyo [[sideed|8 ilig]]. Sidoo kale, ilkuhu waxay ku kala yaalaan daanka sare - oo leh 16 ilig - iyo daanka hoose oo leh 16 ilig. Si ka duwan dadka, xayawaanku wuxuu leeyahay ilko af badan oo aad u fiiqan, kuwaas oo si fudud wax u kala jari kara. Xayawaanaadka bada, sida [[Libaaxbadeed]]ku wuxuu leeyahay ilko miinshaar ah. [[File:Surfacing_great_white_shark.jpg|thumb|Ilkaha [[Libaaxbadeed]]ka.]] = Ilkaha Dadka = [[File:Jointtypodonts.jpg|thumb|Qaabdhismeedka ilkaha dadka.]] [[File:Lower_wisdom_tooth.jpg|thumb|[[Gows]] dambeed.]] [[Cilmi]]ga barashada, daawaynta iyo fahanka ilkaha iyo [[cirid]]ka aadamaha waxaa loo yaqaanaa "Dental". Ilkaha oo dhamaantood ah 32, ayaa waxa loo kala saaraa [[Ilkaha sare]] iyo [[ilkaha hoose]]. [[Ilmo|Ilmaha]] yar ee dadku wuxuu leeyahay 20 ilig, laakiin qofka qaangaadhka ah wuxuu leeyahay 32 ilig oo u kala baxa, [[fool|4 fool]], [[gows|20 gows]], [[mici|4 mici]] iyo [[afar|4 ilig]]. Sidoo kale, ilkuhu waxay ku kala yaalaan [[daan]]ka sare - oo leh 16 ilig - iyo daanka hoose oo leh 16 ilig. [[File:Gray997.png|thumb|Jeex ilkaha hoose ooy ka dhex muuqdaan [[fool]]asha hoose, [[mici]]yada hoose iyo [[gows]]aha hoose.]] [[File:Gray1003.png|thumb|Ilkaha [[dhaban]]ka [[midig]].]] Ilkuhu waxay ku dhex yaalaan ciridka sare iyo kan hoose ayagoo ku wareegsan [[daan]]ka bidix ilaa midig. Ilkuhu waxay yihiin xubnaha ugu adag [[jidh]]ka [[dad]]ka. == Samaysanka iyo Koritaanka Ilkaha == [[File:Molarsindevelopment11-24-05.jpg|thumb|Ilkaha yaryar ee dadka.]] Ilkaha dadku waxay ka mid yihiin waxyaabaha ugu cajabta badan ee jidhka bani-aadamka. Inta u badan ilmaha dadku ma lahan ilko markeey soo dhashaan - tiro yar ayaa ilko la soo dhasha - laakiin bilo ka dib, ilko yaryar ayaa u soo baxa ilmaha. [[Sanad|5 Sanno]] ilaa 10 sanno markuu ilmuhu jiro ayaa ilkihii yaryaraa ka dhacaan oo ilko cusub oo awood badan kana waawayn kuwii hore u soo baxaan ilmaha. Ilkuhu waxay ka samaysmaan [[unug|unugyo carjow]] ah kuwaas oo wakhti ka dib adkaada awoodna yeesha. == Qaabdhismeedka Ilkaha == [[File:Cirid.jpg|thumb|Qaabdhismeedka ilkaha dadka.]] Si la mid ah xayawaanka intiisa kale, ilkaha dadku waxay dhex qotomaan ciridka kuwaas oo ciridka kula jira in ka badan inta muuqata. Lakabka ugu sareeya ilkaha waa mid laf cad oo aad u adag, taasi oo suurtogelisay in si fudud ilkuhu wax u burburiyaan. Qolofka sare ee ilkaha waxaa ka hoosee carjow adag oo loo yaqaano Dentin taas oo ayada lafteedu aad u adag. Dentin waxaa ka hooseeya [[jiidh]] yar oo ciridka ka mid ah oo ay dhex socdaan [[xidid]]o [[dhiig]]a kor iyo hoos u dhex wada ilkaha. == Xanuunada Ilkaha == = Ilakaha Xayawaanka = * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g201406/gum-disease/ Gum Disease—Are You at Risk?] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20051108/How-You-Can-Protect-Your-Smile/ How You Can Protect Your Smile] * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200004339 TEETH] {{Gumud}} [[Category:Ilko]] ovdbqf5tw7uq9flhl7wwxr229mk1h8c 309582 309581 2026-09-24T21:50:31Z ~2026-51596-12 47557 Corretto errore di battitura 309582 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Ilkaha qofka qaandhaadhla ah.]] [[File:Close_up_-_chimpanzee_teeth.png|thumb|Ilkaha iyo [[Mici]]yaha [[daanyeer]]ka.]] [[File:Denticao.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka ilkaha, [[gows]]aha iyo [[mici]]yada dadka.]] '''Ilig''' wadar ahaan loo yaqaano '''Ilko''' ({{lang-ar|سن}} {{lang-it|dente}} {{lang-en|tooth}} waa [[laf]] cad, adag oo [[af]]ka [[dad]]ka, [[xoolo|xoolaha]] iyo in badan oo [[xayawaan]]ka ku dhex taala. Ilkahu waxay ka soo baxaan [[cirid]]ka ku dhex yaala afka. Ilkaha balaadhan ee dhumucda wayn waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Gows]]o, halka [[mici]]yuhu yihiin kuwo dhaadheer oo fiiqan. Afarta ilig ee hore ee dhabanka sare ku yaala waxaa lagu magacaabaa [[Fool|4ta fool]]. Shaqada ilkuhu waa ineey burburiyaan iyo jajabiyaan walxaha [[af]]ka soo dhexgala sida [[cunto|cuntada]] iyo ineey qaab u sameeyaan [[dhaban]]ada. Qofka qaangaadhka ah wuxuu leeyahay 32 ilig oo u kala baxa, [[gows|20 gows]], [[mici|4 mici]] iyo [[sideed|8 ilig]]. Sidoo kale, ilkuhu waxay ku kala yaalaan daanka sare - oo leh 16 ilig - iyo daanka hoose oo leh 16 ilig. Si ka duwan dadka, xayawaanku wuxuu leeyahay ilko af badan oo aad u fiiqan, kuwaas oo si fudud wax u kala jari kara. Xayawaanaadka bada, sida [[Libaaxbadeed]]ku wuxuu leeyahay ilko miinshaar ah. [[File:Surfacing_great_white_shark.jpg|thumb|Ilkaha [[Libaaxbadeed]]ka.]] = Ilkaha Dadka = [[File:Jointtypodonts.jpg|thumb|Qaabdhismeedka ilkaha dadka.]] [[File:Lower_wisdom_tooth.jpg|thumb|[[Gows]] dambeed.]] [[Cilmi]]ga barashada, daawaynta iyo fahanka ilkaha iyo [[cirid]]ka aadamaha waxaa loo yaqaanaa "Dental". Ilkaha oo dhamaantood ah 32, ayaa waxa loo kala saaraa [[Ilkaha sare]] iyo [[ilkaha hoose]]. [[Ilmo|Ilmaha]] yar ee dadku wuxuu leeyahay 20 ilig, laakiin qofka qaangaadhka ah wuxuu leeyahay 32 ilig oo u kala baxa, [[fool|4 fool]], [[gows|20 gows]], [[mici|4 mici]] iyo [[afar|4 ilig]]. Sidoo kale, ilkuhu waxay ku kala yaalaan [[daan]]ka sare - oo leh 16 ilig - iyo daanka hoose oo leh 16 ilig. [[File:Gray997.png|thumb|Jeex ilkaha hoose ooy ka dhex muuqdaan [[fool]]asha hoose, [[mici]]yada hoose iyo [[gows]]aha hoose.]] [[File:Gray1003.png|thumb|Ilkaha [[dhaban]]ka [[midig]].]] Ilkuhu waxay ku dhex yaalaan ciridka sare iyo kan hoose ayagoo ku wareegsan [[daan]]ka bidix ilaa midig. Ilkuhu waxay yihiin xubnaha ugu adag [[jidh]]ka [[dad]]ka. == Samaysanka iyo Koritaanka Ilkaha == [[File:Molarsindevelopment11-24-05.jpg|thumb|Ilkaha yaryar ee dadka.]] Ilkaha dadku waxay ka mid yihiin waxyaabaha ugu cajabta badan ee jidhka bani-aadamka. Inta u badan ilmaha dadku ma lahan ilko markeey soo dhashaan - tiro yar ayaa ilko la soo dhasha - laakiin bilo ka dib, ilko yaryar ayaa u soo baxa ilmaha. [[Sanad|5 Sanno]] ilaa 10 sanno markuu ilmuhu jiro ayaa ilkihii yaryaraa ka dhacaan oo ilko cusub oo awood badan kana waawayn kuwii hore u soo baxaan ilmaha. Ilkuhu waxay ka samaysmaan [[unug|unugyo carjow]] ah kuwaas oo wakhti ka dib adkaada awoodna yeesha. == Qaabdhismeedka Ilkaha == [[File:Teeth model front.jpg | thumb | right]] Si la mid ah xayawaanka intiisa kale, ilkaha dadku waxay dhex qotomaan ciridka kuwaas oo ciridka kula jira in ka badan inta muuqata. Lakabka ugu sareeya ilkaha waa mid laf cad oo aad u adag, taasi oo suurtogelisay in si fudud ilkuhu wax u burburiyaan. Qolofka sare ee ilkaha waxaa ka hoosee carjow adag oo loo yaqaano Dentin taas oo ayada lafteedu aad u adag. Dentin waxaa ka hooseeya [[jiidh]] yar oo ciridka ka mid ah oo ay dhex socdaan [[xidid]]o [[dhiig]]a kor iyo hoos u dhex wada ilkaha. == Xanuunada Ilkaha == = Ilakaha Xayawaanka = * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g201406/gum-disease/ Gum Disease—Are You at Risk?] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20051108/How-You-Can-Protect-Your-Smile/ How You Can Protect Your Smile] * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200004339 TEETH] {{Gumud}} [[Category:Ilko]] 2e5blhqw8iaga4qgrco5uxd1lomlpxd 10 14090 309580 126067 2026-09-24T19:02:46Z Isma4l 41797 309580 wikitext text/x-wiki <var {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="padding-right: 1px;{{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</var><noinclude> <!--Categories and interwikis go near the bottom of the /doc page.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1ph0r212s7cz1dvg2q4quotqwsozpa8 10 15058 309567 132575 2026-09-24T18:54:21Z Isma4l 41797 309567 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{♥|safesubst:}}}#invoke:key|keypress}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4j2emwcxmf4dx4zblg3n3h8o0vkve67 0 17454 309490 305784 2026-09-24T17:28:50Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|41|15|N|96|0|W|display=title}} ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan gobolka Alaska, Maraykanka.'' ::''Boga "[[AK]]" halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay. {{Infobox Gobol Weyn |Name = Alaska |Fullname = Gobolka Alaska |Flag = Flag of Alaska.svg |image Size = 400px |Flaglink = [[Calan]] |Seal = Seal of the State of Alaska.svg |Former = Deegaanada Alaska |Map = Alaska in United States (US50).svg |Motto = '''Mustaqbalka Waqooyi''' |Nickname = '''''Xuduuda ugu dambeysa''''' |StateAnthem = Alaska's Flag" ''micne:'' "Calanka Alaska |Demonym = [[Dad|Alaskan]] |Capital = [[Juneau, Alaska|Juneau]] |OfficialLang = [[Ingiriis]], [[Luuqad|Inupiaq]], Siberian Yupik, Badhtamaha Alaskan Yup'ik, Alutiiq, Unangan, Dena'ina, Deg Xinag, Holikachuk, Koyukon, Upper Kuskokwim, Gwich'in, Tanana, Upper Tanana, Tanacross, Hän, Ahtna, Eyak, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.ktoo.org/2014/10/24/forbidden-alaskas-native-languages-now-official-state-languages/ | title=Once forbidden, Alaska's Native languages now official state languages | publisher=KTOO | date=October 24, 2014 | accessdate=October 25, 2014}}</ref> |Languages = [[Ingiriis]] 89.7%<br />Luuqado kale (Eskimo–Aleut iyo Na-Dene languages) 5.2%<br />[[Isbayn|Isbanish]] 2.9% |LargestCity = [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]] |Governor = Bill Walker (Siyaasi Madaxbanaan) |Lieutenant Governor = Byron Mallott ([[Dimuqraadi|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga]]) |Legislature = Xeerdajinta Alaska |Upperhouse = Golaha Guurtida Alaska |Lowerhouse = Golaha Wakiilada Alaska |Senators = Lisa Murkowski (Xisbiga Jamhuuriga)<br /> Dan Sullivan (Xisbiga Jamhuuriga) |Representative = Don Young (Jamh) (Ugu badan) |PostalAbbreviation = AK |AreaRank = 1aad |TotalArea = 1,717,856 |TotalAreaUS = 663,268 |LandArea = 1,481,346 |LandAreaUS = 571,951 |WaterArea = 236,507 |WaterAreaUS = 91,316 |PCWater = 13.77 |PopRank = 48aad |2010Pop = 736,732 (2014 qiyaas) |DensityRank = 50aad |2000Density = 0.49 |2000DensityUS = 1.26 |MedianHouseholdIncome = US$64,333 |IncomeRank = 4aad |AdmittanceOrder = 49aad |AdmittanceDate = Janaayo 3, 1959 |TimeZone = [[Alaska Time Zone|Alaska]]: [[Isuduwaha Waqtiga Caalamiga|UTC]] [[Wakhti|-9]]/[[Saacad|-8]] |TZ1Where = Bariga 169° 30' |TimeZone2 = [[USA|Aleutian]]: [[Isuduwaha Waqtiga Caalamiga|UTC]] [[Wakhti|-10]]/[[Saacad|-9]] |TZ2Where = Galbeedka 169° 30' |Latitude = 51°20'N to 71°50'N |Longitude = 130°W to 172°E |Width = 3,639 |WidthUS = 2,261 |Length = 2,285 |LengthUS = 1,420 |HighestPoint = Denali (buurta McKinley)<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|accessdate=October 21, 2011|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=July 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722022527/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |HighestElev = 6190.5 |HighestElevUS = 20,310 |MeanElev = 580 |MeanElevUS = 1900 |LowestPoint = |LowestElev = 0 |LowestElevUS = 0 |ISOCode = US-AK |Website = www.alaska.gov }} '''Alaska''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Alaska.ogg|ə|ˈ|l|æ|s|k|ə}}) waa [[gobol]] dhaca waqooyigalbeed ee cidhifta [[Waqooyiga Ameerika|qaarada Waqooyiga Ameerika]] kaasi oo ka tirsan [[Maraykanka|kontonka gobol ee wadanka Maraykanka]]. Bariga Gobolka Alaska wuxuu xad kala leeyahay wadanka [[Kanada]] deegaanda Yukon iyo [[gobol|gobolka Kanada ee Biritish Kolombiya]]. Dhinaca waqooyiga waxaa ka xiga gobolkan [[Badweynta Araktika]]; iyo [[Badweynta Baasifik]] oo ka xigta galbeedka iyo koonfur. Intaas waxaa dheer wadanka [[Ruushka]] (gaar ahaan "Deegaanda Jukotka Okrug" iyo "Kamjatka Krai") aya ka xiga galbeedka fog. Dhinaca kale, gobolka Alaska waa [[dhul|deegaanka ugu weyn kontonka gobol]] ee Maraykanka, sidoo kale wuxuu [[4|kaalinta afaraad]] kaga jiraa [[dad|liiska gobolada ugu dadka yar]], waxaana ku nool gobolka dad gaadhaya 735,132 qof kuwaasi oo intooda ugu badan ku dhaqan yihiin [[magaalo|magaalada]] [[Anchorage, Alaska|Ankoraje]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Dhaqaalaha gobolka Alaska waxaa u lafdhabar ah [[shidaal]]ka, gaaska dabiiciga ah, iyo [[wershad]]aha [[kaluun|kaluumeysiga]] kuwaasi oo ah kheyraad aad ugu qani ah deegaanada gobolka Alaska. Waxaa iyadna dhaqaalaha aad u kaba dalxiiska iyo siyaarada joogtada ah ee [[aduun|caalamka]] oo dhan. In kastoo kumanaan sano lagu soo noolaa deegaanda Alaska, hadana dunidu waxay si fiican u baratey gobolka iyo sheekooyinkiisa wixii ka dambeeyay [[qarni|qarnigii 18aad]] goortaasi oo la ogaaday kheyraadka ku keeydsan iyo nolosha ka jirta deegaanada Alaska. Markii ay taariikhdu ahayd Maarso 30, 1867dii ayaa dowlada wadanka [[Maraykanka]] iibsatay gobolka Alaska, taasi oo siisay [[Ruush|boqortooyadii Ruushka]] [[milyan|lacag dhan US$ 7.2 milyan]]. Dhulka Alaska marka lagu qiimeeyo lacagta dowlada Maraykanku ka bixisey waxay noqoneysaa labo senti halkii akre ee dhul ah ($4.74/km²).<ref>{{cite AV media| year =1959| title =Video: 49th Star. Alaska Statehood, New Flag, Official, 1959/01/05 (1959)| url =http://www.archive.org/details/1959-01-05_49th_Star_Alaska_Statehood| publisher =[[Universal Newsreel]]| accessdate =February 20, 2012}}</ref> =Magaca= Magaca "Alaska" (Аляска) waxaa markii ugu horeeysay laga maqley gumeystihii Ruushka, kaasi oo wakhtigaasi gacanta ku hayay maamulka deegaankaasi. Sida ku fasireen [[cilmi|culimada]]-luuqadaha waxaa ereyga Alaska laga keenay luuqada Aleut ooy ku hadlaan dad u dhashay deeganka Alaska, taasi oo micnaheedu yahay ''shey uu hogaaminayo ficilka biyaha badu''.<ref name=Aleut>{{cite book|title=Aleut Dictionary: Unangam Tunudgusii|url=https://archive.org/details/aleutdictionaryu0000berg|author=Bergsland, Knut (ed.)|publisher=Alaska Native Language Center|year=1994|isbn=1-55500-047-9}}, at pp. 49 (Alaxsxi-x = mainland Alaska), 50 (''alagu-x'' = ''sea''), 508 (''-gi'' = suffix, ''object of its action'').</ref><ref name=Bright>{{cite book|title=Native American Placenames in the United States|url=https://archive.org/details/nativeamericanpl0000brig|author=Bright, William|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0806135984}}</ref><ref>Ransom, J. Ellis. 1940. "Derivation of the Word "Alaska", " ''American Anthropologist'' n.s., 42: pp. 550–551</ref> Waxaa sidoo kale la sheegaa ereyga ''Alyeska,'' oo lagu fasiro "dhulkii weynaa", midani waxay ku arooraysaa luuqada Aleut ee dhawaaqa dhow Alaska. =Juquraafiga= [[File:Alaska area compared to conterminous US.svg|thumb|left|Xajmiga iyo baaxada Alaska oo la barbar dhigay qeybo ka mid wadanka Maraykanka intiisa kale]] Deegaanda Alaska waxay leeyihiin [[xeeb]] ka dheer marka la isku daro dhamaan xeebaha gobolada kale dhan ee Maraykanka.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF14/1404.html |title=Alaska's Size in Perspective |accessdate=November 19, 2007 |author=Benson, Carl |date=September 2, 1998 |publisher=[[Geophysical Institute]], [[University of Alaska Fairbanks]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071125211706/http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF14/1404.html |archivedate=November 25, 2007 |deadurl=yes |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive }}</ref> Alaska waa deeganka kali ah ee leh dhinac walbo xeeb ee ku yaala [[qaarad|qaarada Waqooyiga Ameerika]]; taasi oo ku fadhida dhul baaxadiisu le'eg tahay 663,268 mayl labo laaban (1,717,856 km²). Deegaan ahaan gobolka Alaska wuu ka go'an yahay qaarada Ameerika waloow weli lagu xisaabiyo qaaradaasi. Magalo-madaxda Alaska [[Juneau]] waxay ku taalaa dhul ka tirsan qaarada Ameerika, laakiin ma lahan wado laami ah oo ku xidhiidhisa wadanka itiisa kale, taasi waxa sababay waa fogaanshaha dhulkaasi iyo dad la'aanta. Guud ahaan, gobolka Alaska wuxuu jaar la yahay deegaanka Yukon iyo British Kolombiya ee wadanka [[Kanada]], gacanka Alaska iyo Badweynta Baasifika xaga koonfureed, Bada Bering, Deegaanka Bering iyo Bada Jukji (Chukchi Sea) xata galbeed iyo Badweynta barafleyda ah ee Araktik oo ka xigta waqooyi. Biyaha u hareersan gobolka Alaska waxay gaadhaan biyaha wadanka Ruushka waxayna ku kulmaan Deegaanka Bering iyo Gasiirada Bid Diomede taasi oo noqoneysa kaliya masaafo dhan 3 mayl (4.8 km) Gabi ahaanba gobolka Alaska waa kan ugu weyn wadnka Maraykanka isla markaana leh bulshada ugu yar dhamaan kontonka gobol. Alaska waxay u dhigantaa labo laabka gobolka [[Tegsas]] (Texas) oo ah mida labaad ee ugu balaadhan wadanka. Marka la eego xaga wadanada caalamka, gobolka Alaska wuxuu noqonayaa midka 18aad ee ugu balaadhan caalamka. =Muuqaal= <gallery> File:Grizzly Bear Fishing Brooks Falls.jpg File:Augustine Volcano Jan 12 2006 edited-1.jpg File:Augustine Volcano Jan 12 2006 edited-1.jpg File:Russian Sloop-of-War Neva.jpg File:AlutiiqDancer.jpg File:Miners climb Chilkoot.jpg File:1964 Alaska Quake Kodiak Before and After.jpg File:US troops at the Battle of Attu.jpg File:Prudhoe Bay aerial FWS.jpg File:Alaska Pipeline Closeup Underneath.jpg File:Pacific Halibut Fileting.JPG File:Sitka - St. Michael's Russian Orthodox Cathedral.jpg File:Susitnabridge.JPG File:Alaska Railroad.jpg File:Sterling Highway.jpg [[File:Apple logo grey.svg|thump|left|125px|Abbel Enky.|Dn’tRmvpl.:{{Flag|Germany}}]] </gallery> =Gobolada Maraykanka= {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} [[File:Apple logo grey.svg|thump|left|125px|Abbel Enky.|Dn’tRmvpl.:{{Flag|Germany}}]] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Ameerika]] [[Category:Magaalo]] [[Category:Gobol]] [[Category:Dad]] rzdyn17mu1bmzmxbtswfdv8pqrt03f4 0 17504 309524 305838 2026-09-24T17:49:58Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309524 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan Curiyaha kimiko. Maqaal kale fiiri [[Curiye]] {{Infobox |data1 = [[File:Periodic table (polyatomic).svg|x200px]] |data2 = [[File:Hydrogen discharge tube.jpg|x50px|left]][[File:Barium unter Argon Schutzgas Atmosphäre.jpg|x100px|right]] |data3 = [[File:Copper.jpg|x100px|left]][[File:HEUraniumC.jpg|x100px|right]] |data4 = [[File:Bromine vial in acrylic cube.jpg|x100px|left]][[File:HeTube.jpg|x100px|right]] |data5 = Kor: [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha]] ee ku jiraan dhamaan curiyayaasha kimiko.<br/>Hoos: tusaale falal kimiko. Ka so biloow bidix ila midig: [[haydarojiin]], [[baariyaam]], [[kober]], [[yuraaniyaam]], [[boromiin]], iyo [[hiliyaam]]. }} '''Curiye kimiko''' ({{lang-en|chemical element}}; {{lang-ar|عنصر كيميائي}}) waa [[macdan]], kimiko [[adke]], [[hawo]] ama [[dareere]] ah kuwaas oo laga helo meelo kala duwan oo [[dhul]]ka ah. Sida la ogyahay, ilaa hada waxaa jira [[118 Curiye]], kuwaas oo ku xusan miiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. Intaas waxaa dheer, ayadoo lagu saleeynayo calaamadaha iyo dhaqanka curiye ayaa wuxuu u kala baxaa qeeybo badan oo, guud ahaan, soo hoosgala [[Bir]] (metal) 91 curiye, [[Bir la Mood]] (metalloid) 6 curiye, [[Bir Ma Ahe]] (nonmetal) 17 curiye, iyo [[Neef]]o. = Qeexida Curiye = Sida caadiga ah, curiye waa walax kimiko oo ka samaysan [[atom]] taas oo lagu kala saaro [[tiro|tirada atomic]]<ref name="Greenwood">Greenwood, pp. 24–27</ref> ee bu'diisa ku jirta - tirada borotoono ee bu'da atom. Guud ahaan, waxaa curiyaha loo qeybiyaa sadex nooc: [[Bir]], [[Bir la Mood]] iyo [[Bir Ma Ahe]]. Tusaale fiican waxaa ah, [[Ogsajiin]]ta iyo [[Nitrojiin]]ta (Bir Ma Ahe), [[Silikoon]]ta iyo [[Aarsenik]] (Bir La Mood), iyo [[Aayron]]ta, [[Naxaas]]ta, [[Dahab]]ka iyo [[Kober]]ta oo ah bir. Curiyaha kimiko waxaa ugu miisaan fudud [[Haydarojiin]]ta oo leh tiro atomic 1 iyo tan ku xigta [[Hiliyaam]]ta oo leh tiro atomic 2. Sidoo kale, labadan curiye waa kuwa ugu badan [[Koon]]ka; halka [[Aayron]] iyo [[Ogsajiin]]tu ay yihiin labada ugu badan qaab-dhismeedka [[qolof dhul|qolofta dhulka]]. Inkastoo [[macdan]]ta iyo [[isku dhis]]yada curiyaha qaarkood [[dad]]ku aqoon u lahaayeen tan iyo [[qarni|10,000 sano]] ka hor, inta u badan curiyayaasha waxaa la helay dhamaadkii [[qarni|qarnigii 19aad]] iyo [[qarni|qarnigii 20aad]].<ref>Gray, p. 6</ref> == Tirada Atomikga Curiye == Tirada Atomikga ee curiye waxay la mid tahay tirada borotoonis ee ku jirta bu'da curiyahaas, isla markaana waa tan qeexda astaamaha [[falgal]]ka ee curiyahaas. Tusaale ahaan, dhamaan [[atom]]yada [[Kaarboon]]tu waxay ka kooban yihiin 6 borotoonis (protons) taas oo macnaheedu yahay tirada atomikga ee Kaarboon waa 6. Dhinaca kale, atomyada Kaarboontu waxaa laga yaabaa ineey leeyihiin tiro nuyuutroono (neutron) kala duwan; marka atomka curiye isku mid ah kaas oo leh tiro nuyuutroono kala duwan waxaa lagu magacaabaa [[isotope]]ka curiye. Tirada borotoono ee ku jirta bu'da (nucleus) atomika curiye waxaa lagu ogaan karaa saxarada koronto (electric charge) taas oo ku xidhn tirada elektaroono ee atomkaasi. Sidoo kale, elektaroonadu waxay ku wareegaan bu'da atomka ayagoo sheega astaamaha iyo dhaqanka curiyahaas. Tirada nuyuutroono ee caloosha atomka ku dhex jirta inta badan saamayn kuma laha dhaqanka curiye. Calaamada astaanta u ah tirada atomika ee atom waa [[halbeeg]]a '''Z'''. == Miisaanka & Cufka Atomikga Curiye == Tirada [[cuf]]ka ee curiye, calaamada [[halbeeg]]a u ah waa '''A''', waa tirada Nukliyuusta (nukliyuustu waa tirada borotoonada iyo nuyuutroonada) ee ku dhex jirta bu'da atomik<ref>{{cite journal|title=Langmuir's theory of the arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules|journal=J. Amer. Chem. Soc. |volume=43|doi=10.1021/ja01440a023|pages=1602–1609|year=1921|author=Bury, C. R. |issue=7}}</ref>. Isotopeyo kala duwan oo curiye isku mid ah waxaa lagu kala saaraa ama soocaa tirada cufka ee atomka, taas oo lagu qoro bidixda astaanta curiye (e.g ²⁷⁶C). Tusaale fiican waxaan u soo qaadan karnaa curiyaha [[Magniisiyaam]] tirada cufkiisu waa 24, marka waxaan u qoraynaa Magniisiyaam-24, taas oo u dhiganta 12 borotoon iyo 12 elektaroon. Halka [[cuf|tirada cufku]] ka tahay tirada nuyuutroono iyo elektaroono ee atom, cufka atomikgu waa tirada saxda ah ee cufka isotope gaar ah ee curiye. Calaamada [[halbeeg]]a u ah cufka atomik waa '''u'''. == Isotopes == Dhinaca kale, [[isotope]] waa atomyo ka tirsan hal curiye kuwaas oo leh tiro borotoono isku mid ah, laakiin tirada nuyuutroonadu kala duwan yihiin. In ka badan 66 ka mid ah 96ka curiye si dabiici ah loo helo, waxay leeyihiin in ka badan hal isotope dagan. Tusaale ahaan, curiyaha Kaarboon wuxuu leeyahay 3 isotope oo kala duwan. Hadaba tirada borotoono ee Kaarboontu waa isku mid, dhamaantood waa 6, laakiin waxay kala leeyihiin 6, 7, iyo 8 nuyuutroon. Maadaama tirada cufka ee kaarboon tahay 12, 13 iyo 14 gebi ahaan waxaa inoo soo bixi sadex isotope oo kala ah kaarbon-12 oo loo qoro ¹²C, kaarboon-13 ¹³C, iyo kaarboon-14 ¹⁴C. Kaarboonta ku jirta nolosha maalin kasta waa iskujir ¹²C, ¹³C, iyo ¹⁴C. Guud ahaan, curiyeyaasha inta u badan waxay leeyihiin isotopeyo radioactive ah, kuwaas oo in badani loo helo si dabiici ah, kuwo kalena lagu diyaariyo laabka (laboratory). Isotopeyada radioactive ah waa kuwo aan fadhiyin (unstable isotopes), laakiin haddii isotopeka atom aanu ahayn radioactive waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''isotope degan'' (stable isotope). Dhamaan isotopeyada degani waa kuwo dabiici ah. = Shaxda Diiwaanka Curiye = Qaab-dhismeedka miiska [[Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa shax ka kooban 18 saf, [[Guruub]]yo, kuwaas oo kor ka imanaya ilaa hoos iyo 7 saf, [[Heerka]], kuwaas oo ka bilaabma midig ilaa bidix, iyo labo saf oo ka hooseeya. Sidoo kale, miiska jadwalka diiwaanka curiye waxaa loo kala jabin karaa afar afar-gees oo kala ah: [[s-block]] oo dhinaca bidix xiga, [[p-block]] oo dhanka midig xiga, [[d-block]] oo dhexda ku jira, iyo [[f-block]] oo ka hooseeya dhamaantoodba. Qaybaha khaanadaha safafka midig ilaa bidix waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''heerka'' (period), sida [[Heerka 1 ee curiye|heerka 1aad]], halka safafka khaanadaha kor ka imanaya loo yaqaano ''[[guruub]]'' (group) kuwaas oo qaarkood magacyo leeyihiin sida [[Biniktojiin]] ([[Pnictogen]]s) oo ah [[guruubka 15]]aad, [[Jaalkojiin]] (chalcogen) oo ah [[guruubka 16]]aad,[[Halogen]]s [[guruubka 17]]aad iyo [[Neefta Gobta]] (noble gas) [[guruubka 18]]aad. Dhamaan curiyaha ka soo biloow mida [[koow]]aad ee [[Haydarojiin]] oo leh tiro atomic 1 ilaa laga gaadho curiyaha 118 [[Ununoktiyaam]] waxaa la helay [[wakhti]]yo kala duwan iyo meelo kala duwan; ayadoo curiyaha 113, 115, 117 iyo 118 aan wali la xaqiijinin. In kastoo qaarkood la arko qadar iyo tiro aad u yar, 98ka curiye ee ugu horeeya jadwalka [[Diwaanka Curiye]] ayaa ah kuwo si dabiici ah looga helo [[qolof dhul|oogada]] [[dhul]]ka. {{Jadwalka Curiyayaasha}} = Qeybaha Diiwaanka Curiye = Ayadoo la tix-raacayo naqshad uu sameeyay [[saynis]]yahan [[Ruush]] ahaa oo la odhan jirey '''Dmitri Mendeleev''' (1869), ayaa guud ahaan curiyeha waxaa loo qeeybiyaa [[toban]]-iyo-[[sideed]] (18) Juffo<ref>{{cite journal |last=Koppenol |first=W. H. |title=Naming of New Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2002) |journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry |year=2002 |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=787–791 |url=http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7405x0787.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.1351/pac200274050787}}</ref>, kuwaas waxaa ugu caansan: == Bir (Metal) == [[Bir]] (Metal) waa shey [[adke]] ah ([[curiye]], [[Isku dhis]] iyo [[Jaandi]]) taas oo iftiimaysa, [[jidh]] adag leh, isla markaana aad ugu wanaagsan gudbinta [[dab]]ka iyo [[kul]]ka. Birtu waa [[curiye]] kimiko kuwaas oo leh calaamado iyo astaamo ka duwan kuwa [[Bir Ma ahe]] iyo [[Bir La Mood]]kaba. Birtu waa shey marka la garaaco la qaloocin karo ayadoon kala jabayn, la dhalaalin karo, isla markaana la dhuubi karo ama wax dhuuban laga dhigi karo. [[Curiye|91 curiye]] oo ka mid ah [[118 Curiye|118da curiye]] ee jadwalka [[Diwaanka Curiye]] waa bir. 27ka kale ayaa u kala baxa [[neef]], [[bir ma ahe]], [[bir la mood]] iyo qeybaha kale ee Diwaanka Curiye.<ref>Gray, p. 6</ref> Si ka duwan [[cilmi]]ga [[Kemistari]]ga, micnaha ereyga bir waa ku kala duwan yahay qeybaha [[aqoon]]ta. Tusaale ahaan, aqoonyahana xidigaha ee [[Cilmi Falag]]u waxay ereyga bir u isticmaalaan dhamaan curiyayaasha marka laga reebo [[Haydarojiin]] ([[H]]) iyo [[Hiliyaam]]ta ([[He]]) kuwaas oo ah walxaha ugu badan [[Xidig]]aha muuqda ee [[Koon]]ka. Dhinaca kale, curiyeyaal badan iyo [[isku dhis]]yo badan ayaa noqda bir marka [[kul]]eyl badan lagu shido, kuwaas waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''Sheyada Birta ee ka Samaysmay Bir Ma ahe''.<ref name="emsley">{{cite book|last=Emsley|first=John|title=Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements|url=https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4|edition=New|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-19-960563-7}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Birta ah |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Titaaniyaam]] ||[[File:Titan-crystal bar.JPG|25px]] |- | [[Aayron]] || [[File:Iron electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Naxaas]] || [[File:NatCopper.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Sinki]] || [[File:Zinc fragment sublimed and 1cm3 cube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Dahab]] || [[File:Gold-crystals.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Alumiiniyaam]] || [[File:Aluminium-4.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Nikel]] || [[File:Nickel chunk.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Iskaandhiyaam]] || [[File:Scandium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Kobalti]] || [[File:Kobalt_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Roodhiyaam]] || [[File:Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Manganiis]] || [[File:Mangan_1-crop.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Gaaliyaam]] || [[File:Gallium_crystals.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Tin]] || [[File:Sn-Alpha-Beta.jpg|25px]] |} === Birta Ku Meelgaadhka (Transitional Metals) === Marka lagu gudo jiro [[cilmi]]ga [[Kimisteri]]ga, [[Transitional Metal]]sku (ama [[Birta Ku Meelgaadhka]] ah) waxay leeyihiin labo macno: * Qeexida waafaqsan (IUPAC)<ref>{{GoldBookRef|file=T06456|title=transition element}}</ref> waxay ku sheegtay in transitional metal ay yihiin [[curiye]] kimiko kuwaas oo qolofka elektaroonadoodu aanu dhamaystirneyn ama kuwo leh atom qolofka bu'diisu leedahay elektaroono kala dhantaalan<ref>{{cite journal|title=Langmuir's theory of the arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules|journal=J. Amer. Chem. Soc. |volume=43|doi=10.1021/ja01440a023|pages=1602–1609|year=1921|author=Bury, C. R. |issue=7}}</ref>. * Mida labaad waa in [[saynis]]yahanadu ku sheegeen transitional metalsku yihiin [[bir]] kasta oo ku jirta guruubka [[d-block]] ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]] kuwaas oo ka bilaabma [[Guruubka 3]]aad ilaa laga gaadho [[Guruubka 12]]aad<ref name=Jensen/>. Guruubka [[d-block]] tirada [[atom]]ka curiyuhu waxay u dhaxeysaa 1 ilaa 10 elektaroono ''d'' ah<ref>Petrucci, R. H. ''et al.'' (2002), “General Chemistry”, 8th edn, Prentice-Hall, pp. 49–50, 951</ref><ref>Miessler, G. L. and Tarr, D. A. (1999) “Inorganic Chemistry”, 2nd edn, Prentice-Hall, p. 16</ref>. {| border="1" align="center" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; background: #ffe; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- ![[Guruubka 3|Guruubyada]] !style="background-color:red" |[[Guruubka 3|3]] ![[Guruubka 4|4]] ![[Guruubka 5|5]] ![[Guruubka 6|6]] ![[Guruubka 7|7]] ![[Guruubka 8|8]] ![[Guruubka 9|9]] ![[Guruubka 10|10]] ![[Guruubka 11|11]] ![[Guruubka 12|12]] |- ![[Heerka 4 ee curiye|Heerka 4aad]] |[[Iskaandhiyaam|Sc]] 21 |[[Titaaniyaam|Ti]] 22 |[[Fandhiyaam|V]] 23 |[[Koroomiyaam|Cr]] 24 |[[Manganese|Mn]] 25 |[[Aayron|Fe]] 26 |[[Kobalti|Co]] 27 |[[Nikel|Ni]] 28 |[[Kober|Cu]] 29 |[[Sinki|Zn]] 30 |- ![[Heerka 5 ee curiye|Heerka 5aad]] |[[Itriyaam|Y]] 39 |[[Sirkooniyaam|Zr]] 40 |[[Niyobiyaam|Nb]] 41 |[[Molybdenum|Mo]] 42 |[[Teknetiyaam|Tc]] 43 |[[Rutheniyaam|Ru]] 44 |[[Roodhiyaam|Rh]] 45 |[[Baladiyaam|Pd]] 46 |[[Naxaas|Ag]] 47 |[[Kaadmiyaam|Cd]] 48 |- ![[Heerka 6 ee curiye|Heerka 6aad]] |style="background-color:red" |[[Lanthanides|*]] 57–71 |[[Haafniyaam|Hf]] 72 |[[Tantalum|Ta]] 73 |[[Tungsten|W]] 74 |[[Reheniyaam|Re]] 75 |[[Osmiyaam|Os]] 76 |[[Iridiyaam|Ir]] 77 |[[Balatiniyaam|Pt]] 78 |[[Dahab|Au]] 79 |[[Meerkuri|Hg]] 80 |- ![[Heerka 7 ee curiye|Heerka 7aad]] |style="background-color:red" |[[Actinides|**]] 89–103 |[[Rutherfordium|Rf]] 104 |[[Dubniyaam|Db]] 105 |[[Siiborgiyaam|Sg]] 106 |[[Bohriyaam|Bh]] 107 |[[Hasiyaam|Hs]] 108 |[[Meitneriyaam|Mt]] 109 |[[Darmstadtiyaam|Ds]] 110 |[[Roentgeniyaam|Rg]] 111 |[[Kobernishiyaam|Cn]] 112 |} [[Guruubka 3]]aad: [[Iskaandhiyaam]] ([[Sc]]), [[Itriyaam]] ([[Y]]) [[Lanthanum]] ([[La]]), [[Aktiiniyaam]] ([[Ac]]), [[Luteetiyaam]] ([[Lu]]), iyo [[Lawreensiyaam]] ([[Lr]]). [[Guruubka 4]]aad: [[Titaaniyaam]] ([[Ti]]), [[Sirkooniyaam]] ([[Zr]]), [[Haafniyaam]] ([[Hf]]) iyo [[Rutherfordium]] ([[Rf]]). [[Guruubka 5]]aad: [[Fanadhiyaam]] ([[V]]), [[Dubniyaam]] ([[Db]]), [[Niyobiyaam]] ([[Nb]]) iyo [[Tantalum]] ([[Ta]]). [[Guruubka 6]]aad: [[Koroomiyaam]] ([[Cr]]), [[Molybdenum]] ([[Mo]]), [[Tungsten]] ([[W]]) iyo [[Siiborgiyaam]] ([[Sg]]). [[Guruubka 7]]aad: [[Manganiis]] ([[Mn]]), [[Teknetiyaam]] ([[Tc]]), [[Reheniyaam]] ([[Re]]) iyo [[Bohriyaam]] ([[Bh]]). [[Guruubka 8]]aad: [[Aayron]] ([[Fe]]), [[Rutheniyaam]] ([[Ru]]), [[Osmiyaam]] ([[Os]]) iyo [[Hasiyaam]] ([[Hs]]). [[Guruubka 9]]aad: [[Kobalti]] ([[Co]]), [[Roodhiyaam]] ([[Rh]]), [[Iridiyaam]] ([[Ir]]) iyo [[Meitneriyaam]] ([[Mt]]). [[Guruubka 10]]aad: [[Nikel]] ([[Ni]]), [[Baladiyaam]] ([[Pd]]), [[Balatiniyaam]] ([[Pt]]) iyo [[Darmstadtiyaam]] ([[Ds]]). [[Guruubka 11]]aad: [[Kober]] ([[Cu]]), [[Naxaas]] ([[Ag]]), [[Dahab]]ka ([[Au]]) iyo [[Roentgeniyaam]] ([[Rg]]). [[Guruubka 12]]aad: [[Sinki]] ([[Zn]]), [[Kaadmiyaam]] ([[Cd]]), [[Meerkuri]] ([[Au]]) iyo [[Kobernishiyaam]] ([[Cn]]). === Birta Alkali === [[Birta Alkali]] (Alkali Metal) waa guuto [[curiye]]yaal [[bir]] ah kuwaas oo leh astaamo kimiko isku mid ah. Guruubka [[Birta Alkali]] waa [[curiye|lix curiye]] ee [[guruubka 1]]aad ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Liithiyaam]] ([[Li]]), [[Sodhiyaam]] ([[Na]]), [[Botashiyaam]] ([[K]]), [[Rubiidhiyaam]] ([[Rd]]), [[Kaasiyaam]] ([[Cs]]) iyo [[Faransiyaam]] ([[Fr]]). Curiyayaasha safkan [[guruubka 1]]aad waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[s-block]] sababtoo ah dhamaantood waxay leeyihiin elektaroono qolof-sare u wareega ''s'' (s-orbital).<ref>{{cite book| title = The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last = Morss| editor2-first = Norman M.| editor2-last = Edelstein| editor3-last = Fuger|editor3-first = Jean| last = Haire|first = Richard G.| chapter = Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium and Lawrencium| publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year = 2006| isbn = 1-4020-3555-1| location = Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition = 3rd| ref = CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref> Sidoo kale, curiyeyaasha Birta Alkali waxay leeyihiin dhaqan isku dhow: dhamaantood waa bir iftiimaysa, jilicsan, isla markaana aad u firfircoon oo leh [[falgal]] degdeg ah. Dhamaantood waxa lagu kala jari karaa [[midi]]da jileec darteed, si dhakhso badan ayayna u [[daxal]]eeystaan sababtoo ah waxay la falgalaan [[Ogsajiin]]. Firfircoonida falgalkooda darteed, ayaa waxa lagu dhex keeydiyaa [[saliid]]a si looga ilaaliyo [[hawo|hawada]], waxaana sida dabiiciga ah la helaa ayagoo [[isku dhis]]yo kala duwan ah sida [[cusbo|cusbada]]. Sidoo kale, curiyeyaasha birta alkali waa [[milme]] si fudud ugu dhex milma [[biyo|biyaha]].<ref>Scerri 2007, p. 24</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Birta Alkali |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Kaalshiyaam]] || [[File:Calcium unter Argon Schutzgasatmosphäre.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Magniisiyaam]] || [[File:Magnesium crystals.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Liithiyaam]] || [[File:Lithium_paraffin.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Sodhiyaam]] || [[File:Na_(Sodium).jpg|25px]] |- | [[Botashiyaam]] || [[File:Potassium-2.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Rubiidhiyaam]] || [[File:Rb5.JPG|25px]] |- | [[Kaasiyaam]] || ([[Cs]]) |- | [[Faransiyaam]] || ([[Fr]]) |} === Birta Alkalineta Dhulka === [[File:Be-140g.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Beriiliyaam.]] [[File:Magnesium_crystals.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Magniisiyaam.]] [[File:Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Istaroontiyaam.]] [[File:Radium226.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Raadhiyaam.]] [[Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] (Alkaline Earth Metal) waa guuto [[curiye]]yaal [[bir]] ah kuwaas oo leh astaamo kimiko isku mid ah. Guruubka Birta Alkalineta dhulka waa [[curiye|lix curiye]] ee [[guruubka 2]]aad ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Beriiliyaam]] ([[Be]]), [[Magniisiyaam]] ([[Mg]]), [[Kaalshiyaam]] ([[Ca]]), [[Istoroontiyaam]] ([[Sr]]), [[Baariyaam]] ([[Br]]) iyo [[Raadhiyaam]] ([[Ra]]). Curiyayaasha safkan [[guruubka 2]]aad waxay soo galaan [[s-block]] sababtoo ah dhamaantood waxay leeyihiin elektaroono qolof-sare u wareega ''s'' (s-orbital).<ref>{{cite book |last=Messler|first=R. W.|title=The essence of materials for engineers|url=https://archive.org/details/essenceofmateria0000mess|year=2010|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|location=Sudbury, MA|isbn=0763778338|page=[https://archive.org/details/essenceofmateria0000mess/page/32 32]}}</ref> Marka [[heerkul]]ku caadiga yahay, Birta Alkalineta Dhulku waa [[adke]], dhamaantoon leh midabka [[naxaas]]ta oo iftiimaya, isla markaana leh [[falgal]] firfircoon. {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Birta Alkalineta Dhulka |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Botashiyaam]] || [[File:Potassium-2.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Meerkuri]] || [[File:Pouring liquid mercury bionerd.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Beriiliyaam]] || [[File:Be-140g.jpg|75px]] |- | [[Istoroontiyaam]] || [[File:Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg|75px]] |- | [[Baariyaam]] || |- | [[Magniisiyaam]] || [[File:Magnesium_crystals.jpg|75px]] |- | [[Kaalshiyaam]] || |- | [[Raadhiyaam]] || [[File:Radium226.jpg|75px]] |} == Bir La Mood (Metaloid) == [[Bir la Mood]] ([[Metaloid]]) waa [[curiye]] kimiko kuwaas oo leh calaamado iyo astaamo u dhexeeya [[bir]]ta iyo [[bir ma ahe]]ha, taas ooy aad u adag tahay in la kala saaro ineey bir tahay iyo ineey bir ma ahe tahay. In kastoo barashada [[Kimisteri]]ga ay ku jirto Bir la moodku, ma jiraan nimaad u gaar ah oo lagu qeexi karo curiyeyaashan. Lixda curiye ee loo aqoonsadey bir la moodka waa: [[Booron]] ([[B]]),[[Silikoon]] ([[Si]]), [[Jermaaniyaam]] ([[Ge]]), [[Aarsenik]] ([[As]]), [[Antimony]] ([[Sb]]), iyo [[Teluriyaam]] ([[Te]]). Sidoo kale waxaa jira tiro dhowr ah oo ayagana lagu daro liiska Bir la Moodka, waxaana ka mid ah: [[Kaarboon]] ([[C]]),[[Alumiiniyaam]] ([[Al]]), [[Seleniyaam]] ([[Se]]), [[Boloniyaam]] ([[Po]]) iyo [[Astantiin]] ([[At]]). Sida caadiga ah, curiyeha Bir la Moodka ahi wuxuu leeyahay muuqaalka birta oo kale, laakiin waa [[adke]] si fudud loo kala jabin karo, halka birta aanan sahal lagu kala jabin karin. Waxaa intaas dheer, curiyaha bir la moodka waa mid [[kul]]ka iyo [[koronto|korontada]] si daciif ah u gudbiya ama aanan gudbinin gebi ahaanba.<ref>Scerri 2007, p. 24</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, curiyeyaashan waxaa laga samayn karaa [[isku dhis]]yo tayo fiican oo [[jaandi]] ah, quruurado ama dhalooyin, [[olol]] difaace, iyo badh-gudbiye [[dab]]ka iyo [[koronto|korontada]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Bir La Moodka |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Silikoon]] || [[File:SiliconCroda.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Booron]] || [[File:Boron_mNACTEC.jpg|25px]] |} == Bir Ma Ahe (Non-Metallic) == [[Bir Ma Ahe]] ([[Nonmetal]]) waa [[curiye]] kimiko kuwaas oo leh calaamado iyo astaamo ka duwan kuwa [[bir]]ta. Sida caadiga ah, curiyaha bir ma ahe waxaa lagu yaqaanaa waa kuwo si fudud u [[uumi]] baxa, si fudud loo kala jabin karo, iyo in aanay gudbinin [[kul]]ka iyo [[koronto|korontada]]. Waxa sidoo kale lagu yaqaanaa curiyaha bir ma ahe markuu la [[falgal]]o walax kale inuu soo sii daayo [[awood]] ion aad u sareeysa, isla markaana ku daro ama la wadaago elektaroono curiyaha kale ama [[isku dhis]]ka uu la falgalaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, toban-iyo-todoba (17) curiye ayaa loo aqoonsadey bir ma ahe kuwaas oo inta ugu badan tahay [[neef]]o kala ah: [[Haydarojiin]] ([[H]]),[[Hiliyaam]] ([[He]]), [[Nitrojiin]] ([[N]]), [[Ogsajiin]] ([[O]]), [[Foloriin]] ([[F]]), [[Niyoon]] ([[Ne]]), [[Koloriin]] ([[Cl]]), [[Aargon]] ([[Ar]]), [[Kiribtoon]] ([[Kr]]), [[Siinoon]] ([[Xe]]) iyo curiyaha radioactiveka ah [[Raadhoon]] ([[Rn]]); hal curiye oo bir ma ahe ahi waa [[dareere]] [[Boromiin]] ([[Br]]); iyo xoogaa curiye [[adke]] ah sida [[Kaarboon]] ([[K]]), [[Fosforos]] ([[P]]), [[Salfar]] ([[S]]), [[Seleniyaam]] ([[Se]]), iyo [[Aaydhiin]] ([[I]]). Curiyayaasha [[Bir Ma Ahe]] waxay inta u badan ku kala jiraa khaanado ka mid ah [[guruubka 14]]aad, [[guruubka 15]]aad ama [[Biniktojiin]] ([[Pnictogen]]), [[Jaalkojiin]] ([[Chalcogen]]), [[Guruubka 17]]aad ama [[Halogen]]s, iyo [[Guruubka 18]]aad ama [[Neefta Gobta]]. In kastoo curiyaha [[bir]]ta shan-jeer laab ka badan yahay curiyaha bir ma ahe, labo ka mid ah bir ma ahe - [[Haydarojiin]] iyo [[Ogsajiin]]ta - ayaa waxay yihiin boqolkiiba sagaal-iyo-sagaashan (99%) [[Koon]]ka muuqda; iyo hal curiye bir ma ahe ah, waa Ogsajiinta, ayaa waxay tahay in ku dhow 50% samayska [[Qolof dhul|qolofka dhulka]], [[bad]]aha iyo [[cir]]ka [[dhul]]ka. Intaas waxaa dheer, [[jidh]]ka [[noole|noolaha]] dhamaantiis wuxuu ka samaysan yahay bir ma ahe iyo [[isku dhis]]yo ka samaysan bir ma ahe. {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Bir Ma Ahe |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- |[[Fosforos]] || [[File:PhosphComby.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Kaarboon]] || [[File:Diamond.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Salfar]] || [[File:Sulfur-sample.jpg|25px]] |} == Neef (Gas) == [[File:Gas_particle_movement.svg|thumb|Atomyada, Malakuyuulada iyo aayonada (ions) neefta waa kuwo xor ah oo hadba dhinac u socda.]] [[Neef]]tu (gas) waa mid ka mid ah [[sadex]]da aasaaska u ah [[walax]]da (matter). Waxa laga yaabaa in neefta saafi ahi ka samaysan [[hal]] [[atom]], sida [[Neefta Gobka]] ama neef atomic sida [[Niyoon]], malakuyuul ka samaysan [[labo]] atom, sida [[Ogsajiin]]ta oo kale, ama [[isku dhis]] (compound) ka kooban malakuyuulo ka yimid atomyo kala duwan, sida [[Kaarboon|Kaarboon-labo-ogsaydh]] (C₂O). [[Milan|Iskumilanka]] [[neef]]tu waxay ka kooban tahay neefo saafi ah oo kala duwan sida [[hawo|hawada]] oo kale. Waxa neefta ka soocay [[adke]]ha iyo [[dareere]]ha waa ayadu waxay ka samaysan tahay saxaro (particles) kala furan isla markaana kala madax-banaan, taasi oo ka dhigtey neefta mid bilaa [[ur]] ah oo [[il|isha]] [[dad]]ku arki karin. Marka [[cadaadis]]ka iyo [[heerkul]]ku caadiga yihiin, [[neef]]aha kali ah ee dagan ee [[curiye]]ha ka tirsan waa kuwa ka sameysan malakuyuulo labo atom iyo wixii ka badan, kuwaas oo ah: [[Haydarojiin]] (H₂), [[Nitrojiin]] (N₂), [[Ogsajiin]] (O₂); iyo marka lagu daro labo ka mid ah [[Halogen]]ska [[Foloriin]] (F₂), iyo [[Koloriin]] (Cl₂). Neefahaasi waxaa soo raaca kuwa ka samaysan [[hal|hal atom]] ee [[Neefta Gobta]] (Noble Gases) kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Hiliyaam]] (He), [[Niyoon]] (Ne), [[Aargon]] (Ar), [[Kiribtoon]] (Kr), [[Siinoon]] (Xe) iyo [[Raadhoon]] (Rn). {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Neefta ah |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Haaydarojiin]] || [[File:Hydrogen discharge tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Hiliyaam]] || |- |[[Nitrojiin]] || [[File:Liquidnitrogen.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Ogsajiin]] || |- | [[Koloriin]] || [[File:Chlorine ampoule.jpg|25px]] |} === Curiyeha Biniktojiinska (Pnictogens) === [[Biniktojiin]] ([[Pnictogen]]) sidoo kale loo yaqaano Guruubka Nitrojiinta waa guuto [[curiye]] kimiko ee [[Guruubka 15]]aad ee safafka [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. Guruubkan wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[curiye|lix curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Nitrojiin]] ([[N]]), [[Fosforos]] ([[F]]), [[Aarsenik]] ([[As]]), [[Antimony]] ([[Sb]]), [[Bismuth]] ([[Bi]]) iyo [[Ununbentiyaam]] ([[Uup]]). === Curiyaha Jaalkojiin (Chalcogen) === [[File:Sulfur-sample.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Salfar.]] [[File:SeBlackRed.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Seleniyaam.]] [[File:Tellurium2.jpg|thumb|Curiyaha Teluriyaam.]] [[Jaalkojiin]] ([[Chalcogen]]) sidoo kale loo yaqaano Guruubka Ogsajiinta ama [[Guruubka 16]]aad waa guruub [[curiye]] kimiko ee qeybta 16aad ee safafka [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. Guruubkan wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[curiye|lix curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Ogsajiin]] ([[O]]), [[Salfar]] ([[S]]), [[Seleniyaam]] ([[Se]]), [[Teluriyaam]] ([[Te]]), [[Boloniyaam]] ([[Po]]) iyo [[Lifermoriyaam]] ([[Lv]]). === Neefta Halogen === [[Halogen]] waa guuto [[curiye]]yaal [[hawo]], [[dareere]] iyo [[adke]] ah kuwaas oo leh astaamo kimiko isku mid ah. Marka [[heerkul]]ku caadiga yahay, curiyeyaasha [[hawo]]da ah waa midab casaan ah, kuwa [[dareere|dareeraha]] ahi waa cagaar, halka kuwa [[adke|adkaha]] ahi leeyihiim midab madoow ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bagnall|first=K. W.|year=1967|contribution=Recent advances in actinide and lanthanide chemistry|title=Advances in chemistry, Lanthanide/Actinide chemistry|volume=71|pages=1–12|publisher=American Chemical Society|doi=10.1021/ba-1967-0071|editor1-first=PR|editor1-last=Fields|editor2-first=T|editor2-last=Moeller |series=Advances in Chemistry |isbn=0-8412-0072-6 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Day|first1=M. C.|last2=Selbin|first2=J.|title=Theoretical inorganic chemistry|url=https://archive.org/details/theoreticalinorg0000daym_q3l3|year=1969|publisher=Reinhold Book Corporation|edition=2nd|location=New York, MA|isbn=0763778338|page=[https://archive.org/details/theoreticalinorg0000daym_q3l3/page/103 103]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Holman|first1=J.|last2=Hill|first2=G. C.|title=Chemistry in context|url=https://archive.org/details/chemistryinconte00unse|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|edition=5th|location=Walton-on-Thames|isbn=0174482760|page=40}}</ref> Guruubkan [[Halogen]]ska waa [[curiye|shan curiye]] ee [[guruubka 17]]aad ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Foloriin]] ([[F]]), [[Koloriin]] ([[Cl]]), [Boromiin]] ([[Br]]), [[Aaydhiin]] ([[I]]), iyo [[Astatiin]] ([[At]]). Curiyeyaasha Halogenska waa guutada kali ah ee dhamaan [[118 Curiye|118da Curiye]] laga helo [[sadex|sadexda marxaladood]] ee [[walax]]da - [[adke]], [[dareere]] iyo [[hawo]]. Dhinaca kale, dhamaan xubnaha halogenska waxay noqdaan asiidh (acid) markey la [[falgal]]aan [[Haydarojiin]]ta, waxaana laga soo dhex saaraa [[macdan]]ta [[cusbo|cusbada]]. Dhamaantood waa [[sun]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Curiyaha Halogenska |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Aaydhiin]] || [[File:Sample of iodine.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Koloriin]] || [[File:Chlorine ampoule.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Foloriin]] || [[File:Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg|25px]] |- | [Boromiin]] || File:Bromine_25ml.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Astatiin]] || [[File:Iod_kristall.jpg|25px]] |} === Neefta Gobta (Noble Gases) === [[Neefta Gobta]] ama (Noble Gas) waa guuto [[curiye]]yaal [[neef]] ah kuwaas oo leh astaamo kimiko isku mid ah. Marka xaalada caadiga ah dhamaantood waa [[hawo]] bilaa [[ur]], bilaa [[midab]] ah kuwaas oo leh [[falgal]] hooseeya. Neefaha gobta ah waa [[curiye|lixda curiye]] ee [[guruubka 18]]aad ee [[Diwaanka Curiye]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Hiliyaam]] ([[He]]), [[Niyoon]] ([[Ne]]), [[Aargon]] ([[Ar]]), [[Kiribtoon]] ([[Kr]]), [[Siinoon]] ([[Xe]]) iyo curiyaha radioactiveka ah [[Raadhoon]] ([[Rn]]). Hab-dhaqanka neefaha gobta ah waxaa lagu ogaan karaa dersida qaabdhismeedka atomkooda, qolofkooda sare iyo [[isku dhis]]yada ay sameeyaan. Barta dhalaalida iyo [[kul]]uleynta neefahan waa mid isku dhow taas oo ka hooseysa [[salsiyas|10 °C]] (18&nbsp;°F); taas micnaheedu waa farqi yar oo [[heerkul]] ah ayay [[dareere]] ku noqon karaan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bagnall|first=K. W.|year=1967|contribution=Recent advances in actinide and lanthanide chemistry|title=Advances in chemistry, Lanthanide/Actinide chemistry|volume=71|pages=1–12|publisher=American Chemical Society|doi=10.1021/ba-1967-0071|editor1-first=PR|editor1-last=Fields|editor2-first=T|editor2-last=Moeller |series=Advances in Chemistry |isbn=0-8412-0072-6 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Day|first1=M. C.|last2=Selbin|first2=J.|title=Theoretical inorganic chemistry|url=https://archive.org/details/theoreticalinorg0000daym_q3l3|year=1969|publisher=Reinhold Book Corporation|edition=2nd|location=New York, MA|isbn=0763778338|page=[https://archive.org/details/theoreticalinorg0000daym_q3l3/page/103 103]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Holman|first1=J.|last2=Hill|first2=G. C.|title=Chemistry in context|url=https://archive.org/details/chemistryinconte00unse|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|edition=5th|location=Walton-on-Thames|isbn=0174482760|page=40}}</ref> Niyoon, Aargoon, Siinoon, iyo Kiribtoon waxaa laga soo dhex saaraa [[hawo|hawada]] [[cir]]ka, halka hiliyaamta laga dhex helo [[Shidaal|neefaha dabiiciga]] ee [[shidaal]]ka laga soo saaro. {| class="wikitable" |+ Neefaha Noble Gaseska |- ! ! colspan="2"| |- ! Magaca ! Sawir |- | [[Niyoon]] || [[File:Neon_discharge_tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Aargon]] || [[File:Argon_discharge_tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Kiribtoon]] || [[File:Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Siinoon]] || [[File:Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Hiliyaam]] || [[File:Helium_discharge_tube.jpg|25px]] |- | [[Raadhoon]] || ([[Rn]]) |} = Magaca & Astaanta Curiye = Si loo kala saaro farqiga iyo kala duwanaanshaha, isla markaana si fudud loogu aqoonsado, curiyayaashu waxay leeyihiin magacyo iyo calaamado kala duwan. Curiye kasta waxaa loogu magac daray deegaanka laga helay ama qofka helay markii ugu horeeysay. Inta u badan magaca curiyaha waxaa gadaal lagaga daray -iyaam (-ium). Tusaale ahaan, magaca curiyaha [[Sirkooniyaam]] (Zirconium) waxaa laga keenay [[macdan]]ta ''Zircon'', taas oo lagu daray -iyaam (-ium). Sidoo kale, curiyaha [[Bohriyaam]] waxaa loogu magac daray [[saynis]]yahanka reer Denmark ee Niels Bohr, taas oo ereyga ''Bohr'' lagu daray ''-iyaam'' (-ium). Dhinaca kale, curiye kasta wuxuu leeyahay calaamad astaan u ah taas oo inta badan ah [[labo|labo xaraf]] oo laga soo dhex saaray magaca curiyaha. Intaas waxaa dheer, waxa jira curiyayaal leh calaamad [[hal|hal xaraf]] ah iyo kuwo leh calaamad [[sadex|sadex xaraf]] ah. Tusaale ahaan, curiyaha [[Haydarojiin]] calaamada astaantiisu waa [[H]], curiyaha [[Kiribtoon]] waxa astaan u ah [[Kr]], sidoo kale curiyaha [[Ununtriyaam]] astaanteedu waa [[Uut]]. Guud ahaan, xarafka u horeeya ee magaca iyo calaamada astaanta ee curiye waxaa laga dhigaa xaraf weyn. = Dhismaha Diwaanka Curiye = Qaab-dhismeedka miiska [[Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa shax ka kooban 18 saf, [[guruub]], kuwaas oo kor ka imanaya ilaa hoos; iyo 7 saf, [[heerka]], kuwaas oo ka bilaabma midig ilaa bidix, iyo labo saf oo ka hooseeya. Sidoo kale, miiska jadwalka diiwaanka curiye waxaa loo kala jabin karaa afar afar-gees oo kala ah: [[s-block]] oo dhinaca bidix xiga, [[p-block]] oo dhanka midig xiga, [[d-block]] oo dhexda ku jira, iyo [[f-block]] oo ka hooseeya dhamaantoodba. Qaybaha khaanadaha safafka midig ilaa bidix waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[heerka]] (period), sida [[Heerka 1 ee curiye|heerka 1aad]], halka safafka khaanadaha kor ka imanaya loo yaqaano [[guruub]] (group) kuwaas oo qaarkood magacyo leeyihiin sida [[Biniktojiin]] ([[Pnictogen]]s) oo ah [[guruubka 15]]aad, [[Jaalkojiin]] (chalcogen) oo ah [[guruubka 16]]aad,[[Halogen]]s [[guruubka 17]]aad iyo [[Neefta Gobta]] (noble gas) [[guruubka 18]]aad. Dhamaan curiyaha ka soo biloow mida [[kow]]aad ee [[Haydarojiin]] oo leh tiro atomic 1 ilaa laga gaadho curiyaha 118 [[Ununoktiyaam]] waxaa la helay [[wakhti]]yo kala duwan iyo meelo kala duwan; ayadoo curiyaha 113, 115, 117 iyo 118 aan wali la xaqiijinin. In kastoo qaarkood la arko qadar iyo tiro aad u yar, 98ka curiye ee ugu horeeya jadwalka Diwaanka Curiye ayaa ah kuwo si dabiici ah looga helo [[qolof dhul|oogada]] [[dhul]]ka. == Guruubyada == Marka laga waramayo jadwalka miiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Guruub]]ku waa guuto [[curiye]] isku astaan, dhaqan iyo calaamad ah kuwaas oo ku jira [[hal]] saf oo khaanadaha [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diwaanka Curiye]]. Shaxda jadwalka Diwaanka Curiye, oo uu sameeyay [[saynis]]yahan [[Ruushka|Ruush]] ah Dmitri Mendeleev, waxay ka kooban yihiin [[Guruub|18 Guruub]] kuwaas oo ey ku dhex jiraan dhamaan [[118ka Curiye]]. Inkastoo guruubyadu ku magacaaban yihiin [[tiro|tirada]] guruubka oo u dhexaysa [[kow|1]] ilaa [[toban|18]] qaarkood waxay leeyihiin magacyo u gaar ah, kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[Guruubka 15]]aad oo lagu magacaabo [[Biniktojiin]] ama ([[Pnictogen]]s), [[Guruubka 16]]aad oo ah [[Jaalkojiin]] ([[Chalcogen]]s), [[Guruubka 17]]aad oo lagu naaneyso [[Halogen]]s, iyo [[Guruubka 18]]aad oo loo yaqaano [[Neefta Gobta]] ama (Noble Gases). Waxayna kala yihiin: [[Guruubka 1]]aad ([[Birta Alkali]]), [[Guruubka 2]]aad ([[Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]]), [[Guruubka 3]]aad, [[Guruubka 4]]aad, [[Guruubka 5]]aad, [[Guruubka 6]]aad, [[Guruubka 7]]aad, [[Guruubka 8]]aad, [[Guruubka 9]]aad, [[Guruubka 10]]aad, [[Guruubka 11]]aad, [[Guruubka 12]]aad, [[Guruubka 13]]aad, [[Guruubka 14]]aad, [[Guruubka 15]]aad sidoo kale loo yaqaano [[Biniktojiin]] ama ([[Pnictogen]]s), [[Guruubka 16]]aad [[Jaalkojiin]] ([[Chalcogen]]s), [[Guruubka 17]]aad oo lagu naaneyso [[Halogen]]s, iyo [[Guruubka 18]]aad oo loo yaqaano [[Neefta Gobta]] ama (Noble Gases). Tirada [[curiye]] ee ku jirta khaanadaha guruubku way kala duwan yihiin. Qaarkood waxaa ku jira 8 curiye, kuwo kale wax ku dhex jira 6 curiye, halka guruubyada qaar ay ku dhex jiraan 4 curiye oo kali ah. == Heerarka == [[File:Periodic_Table_2.svg|thumb|Heerarka Diwaanka Curiye.]] Qaabdhismeedka shaxda miiska lagu ururiyey [[curiye]]yaasha ee loo yaqaano [[Diwaanka Curiye]] wuxuu leeyahay safaf khaanado u kala socdo kor iyo hoos ([[guruub]]), midig iyo bidix ([[heerka]]). [[Heerka|Heerku]] (period) waa safafka khaanadaha ee ka bilaabma midig ilaa bidix ee miiska jadwalka curiyayaasha, kuwaas oo ah [[todobo|todoba saf]] (7) oo qeybta sare ka kooban tahay iyo [[labo|labo saf]] oo ka hooseeya. Curiyayaasha ku jira saf heerka isku midka ah waxay leeyihiin [[cuf|cuf atomik]], awood aayano (ions), iyo is-heysad elektaroono isku mid ah. Ka soo biloow midig ilaa bidix tirada gacan-atomik hoos ayay u dhacdaa. Tani waxaa keentay isku xigida borotoonada iyo elektaroonada curiye ayaa aad ugu sii dhowaanaya bu'da atomka. Si ka duwan [[guruub]]yada, [[Heerka|Heerarka]] shaxda miiska diwaanka curiye ma lahan magacyo u gaar ah, laakiin waxaa lagu kala soocaa [[tiro]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Heerka 1 ee curiye|heerka 1aad]], [[Heerka 2 ee curiye|heerka 2aad]], [[Heerka 3 ee curiye|heerka 3aad]], [[Heerka 4 ee curiye|heerka 4aad]], [[Heerka 5 ee curiye|heerka 5aad]], [[Heerka 6 ee curiye|heerka 6aad]], iyo [[Heerka 7 ee curiye|heerka 7aad]]. Intaas waxaa soo raaca labo saf oo ka hooseeya kuwaas oo kala ah [[Lanthanides]] iyo [[Actinides]]. == S-Block == [[S-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]yaasha ku jira [[guruubka 12|2da guruub]] ee ugu horeeya guruubyada jadwalka Diwaanka Curiye. Kuwaas oo ka bilaabmaya [[guruubka 1]]aad iyo [[guruubka 2]]aad ee loo kala yaqaano [[Birta Alkali]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.cytss.edu.hk/chem/f67res/i1.pdf |access-date=2015-09-19 |archive-date=2013-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123202946/http://www.cytss.edu.hk/chem/f67res/i1.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> iyo [[Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]]. [[S-block]] curiyeyaasha ku jira waa kuwo intooda badan firfircoon oo leh astaamo iyo calaamado ka duwan dhamaan guruubyada kale ee Diwaanka Curiye. In kastoo ay ku jiraan khaanado kale, [[Haydarojiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]] waxaa lagu tiriyaa guruubkan s-block. Dhaqanka iyo astaamaha s-block waxay la xidhiidhaa [[tiro|tirada atomic]]<ref>http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/ElectronConfigurationString.sp.html</ref> ee curiyuhu leeyahay, midaas oo sii korodha marka la sii dhexgalo diwaanka curiye. Labada guruub ee s-block waxay leeyihiin tirooyinka atomik ee hoos ku xusan: : Group 1: :: [[Haydarojiin]] (Z=1), [[Liithiyaam]] (Z=3), [[Sodhiyaam]] (Z=11), [[Botashiyaam]] (Z=19), [[Rubiidhiyaam]] (Z=37), [[Kaasiyaam]] (Z=55), [[Faransiyaam]] (Z=87). : Group 2: ::[[Beriiliyaam]] (Z=4), [[Magniisiyaam]] (Z=12), [[Kaalshiyaam]] (Z=20), [[Istoroontiyaam]] (Z=38), [[Baariyaam]] (Z=56), [[Raadhiyaam]] (Z=88). == D-Block == [[D-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]yaasha ku jira [[guruubka 3]]aad ilaa [[guruubka 12]]aad<ref name = Petrucci>R.H. Petrucci, W.S. Harwood and F.G. Herring “General Chemistry” (8th ed, Prentice-Hall 2002), p.341-2</ref><ref name=Housecroft>C.E. Housecroft and A.G. Sharpe “Inorganic Chemistry” (2nd ed, Pearson Prentice-Hall 2005), p..20-21</ref>. Curiyeyaasha d-block waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa [[Transitional Metal]]<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Journal of Chemical Education|volume = 80|issue = 8|year = 2003|url = http://www.uv.es/~borrasj/ingenieria_web/temas/tema_1/lecturas_comp/p952.pdf|title = The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table|first = William B.|last = Jensen|pages=952–961|doi = 10.1021/ed080p952|bibcode = 2003JChEd..80..952J }}</ref>. D-block curiyayaasha ku jira waxay leeyihiin [[tiro|tiro atomik]]<ref name=Petrucci/> ka bilaabanta s²d¹ (Guruub 3) ilaa s²d¹⁰ (Guruub 12). Tusaale ahaan, Cr waa s¹d⁵ (ma ahan s²d⁴); sidoo kale, birta Guruubka 11waxay noqonayaan s¹d¹⁰ (ma ahan s²d⁹), taasi oo dhamaystireysa qolofka-d (d-subshell) ee Guruubka 11aad<ref name=Housecroft/><ref>F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry” (5th ed, John Wiley 1988) p.625</ref>. == P-Block == [[P-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]yaasha ku jira [[guruubka 12|6da guruub]] ee ugu dambeeya guruubyada jadwalkani, marka laga reebo [[Hiliyaam]]ta oo ayadu ka mid ah [[s-block]]. Kuwaas oo ka bilaabmaya [[guruubka 12]]aa ilaa laga gaadho [[guruubka 18]]aad ee loo yaqaano [[Neefta Gobta]] (noble gases). [[P-block]] waxaa ku jira dhamaan [[Bir Ma Ahe]], birta daciifka ah iyo half-birta oo dhan. == F-Block == [[F-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]ha [[atom]]kiisa ama aayaniskiisu (ions) leeyihiin elektaroono hab wareeg f (f-orbital). Curiyayaashan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa ''curiyayaasha dhexe ee transitionka''<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}} Chapters 30 and 31</ref>. = Falgalka Curiye = = Ciwaano La Mid Ah = Sidoo kale akhri: * '''[[Diwaanka Curiye]]''' * '''[[Falgal]]''' * '''[[Isku dhis]]''' * '''[[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha]]''' = Xigasho = {{Reflist}} [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Chalcogen]] [[Category:Pnictogen]] [[Category:Guruubyada Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Millan]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Halogen]] [[Category:Noble Gas]] [[Category:Bir la mood]] [[Category:Bir Ma Ahe]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Baayooloji]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Birta Alkali]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Halogen]] [[Category:Noble Gas]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] {{commons|Chemical element}} pqxww9pan99q1iivjn5ejd05b9zexfx 0 17740 309531 241429 2026-09-24T17:55:46Z ~2026-51461-57 47547 weyn 309531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | native_name = {{lang|so|boqorka harti}} | conventional_long_name = harti boqor | year_start = 17th century | year_end = 1895 | p1 = | p2 = | flag_p1 = | flag_p2 = | s1 = Garadate | s2 = | flag_s2 = | date_end = | event_start = | event_end = | image_flag = | flag_type = | flag = | image_coat = | image_map = | map_caption = | image_map_caption = | national_motto = | national_anthem = | capital = | common_languages = [[Somali language|Somali]]{{·}}[[Arabic language|Arabic]] | government_type = [[Monarchy]] | leader1 = | year_leader1 = ~1700s | leader2 = Yusuf | year_leader2 = {{nowrap|1650–1708 (first Garad)}} | leader3 = | year_leader3 = | title_leader = [[Garad]] | legislature = | stat_year1 = | stat_pop1 = | stat_area4 = | population_density3 = | religion = [[Hanafi]]<br>[[Shafi'i]]<br>[[Salihiyya]] | currency = | demonym = | area_km2 = | area_rank = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_year = | HDI = | HDI_year = | today = [[Ethiopia]]<br>[[Somalia]] }} The Harti Boqorate is presumed to have began in the 16th century with Garad Shishore assuming the royal title in approximately 1530. During the 19th century, the Dhulbahante garadate morphed into a [[dual monarchy]]. The current Garad, Garad Jama Garad Ali hails from this long line of succession. It ended in 1895 upon creatiin of '''Territory of Nogal''', another name for Dervish. ==Dual garadate== The garadate split from being under a single monarch, under the Baharsame lineage, to splitting into a double garadate during the early 19th century.<ref name="memoir 61b"/> 19th-century explorer C.J Cruttenden on the Dhulbahante and their horse breed: <blockquote> "The Dulbahanta are a nation who fight chiefly on horseback, their arms being two spears and a shield. Their horses are powerful and courageous; the breed descended, according to Somali tradition, from the stud of Suleiman, the son Of David, and consequently is highly valued. The Dulbahanta, as far as I have seen of them, are a fine martial race of men, second to none...either in conduct or appearance".<ref name="memoir 61">{{cite web|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=130MAAAAIAAJ&q=%22%22Memoir+on+the+Western+or+Edoor+Tribes+with+Southern+Branches+of+the+Family+of+Darrood%22+cruttenden&pg=PA73|title=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.67|year=1849}}</ref></blockquote> The clan boundary between the [[Habr Je'lo]], a clan of the [[Isaaq]] clan-family, and the Dhulbahante clan during the 19th century was traditionally in ''Laba Garday'', situated between [[War Idaad]] and [[Wadamago]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Muray |first1=John |title=Supplementary Papers |date=1893 |page=553 |quote=Our way for a day's march lay amongst stony hills and up a thorny valley , until we reached the summit of a low range which separates the Habr Toljaala from the Dulbahanta country , and is here called Laba Gardai ( two views ) .}}</ref> The Dhulbahante traditionally had two adjacent kingdoms: <blockquote>The Dulbahante, as far as I have seen them, are a fine martial race of men, second to none of the branches of Darrood either in conduct or appearance, and they are described as being courteous and hospitable to the stranger who visits them. They have generally two Sultans, or Garaads, the elder of whom, Mahomed Ali Harrin, governs the eastern limits of the province; whilst his colleague, Ali Garaad, (recently deceased) guards the N. W. frontier from the thieving Haber-tel- Jahleh in the neighbourhood of Kurrum and from the Agahdur family of Noh Amor.</blockquote>[[Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London|Journal of the Royal Geographical Society]]<ref name="memoir 61b">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=130MAAAAIAAJ&q=Gerhajis&pg=PA73|title=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society|volume=19|page=67|first=|year=1849}} Markus Hoehne described the 19th century existence of a northern Dhulbahante kingdom and a southern Dhulbahante kingdom as follows:<ref>Political orientations and repertoires of identification : state and identity formation in northern Somalia, p. 254, 2011</ref> <blockquote> Originally, Dhulbahante had one Garaad who came from the Faarax Garaad branch. It seems that in the mid-nineteenth century, a conflict between the Maxamuud Garaad inhabiting the Nugaal valley in the north and the Faarax Garaad residing toward the south and the Hawd led to the establishment of a separate garaad for the Maxamuud Garaad branch.</blockquote> The cultural background of Dhulbahante was one of self-determination and autonomy inclined ways according to author Said Sheikh Samatar:<ref>Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism, p 104</ref> <blockquote>... unlike other pastoralists, the Dulbahante are also excellent horsemen. Even by pastoral standards, the Dulbahante have a reputation for pride, independence and martial spirit </blockquote> ===Successful split=== According to Richard Burton, the successful split by northern Dhulbahante of Ali Haram was reascertained during his visit in the 1850s: <blockquote> I now retired to cool myself by shooting, and on returning again was met by the Abban, interpreter, and many Dulbahanta Akils, who, now trying the conciliating dodge, came to report the good news that a victory had been gained by the northerners, and the southerners were in full retreat to their provinces, by which the road to Berbera would be open to my proceeding onwards</blockquote> ===Capital=== The capital of the northern kingdom was Jidali: <blockquote>I now heard more particulars of the Dulbahantas' fights, and the manner in which they first originated. For full thirteen years they had been disputing amongst themselves, and many cabals had sprung out of it. Whilst these intrigues were gaining ground, a minor chief, named Ali Haram, with a powerful support in connections, about five years ago determined on alienating himself from the yoke of the government, which was headed by an old Gerad, called Mahamed Ali, the rightful and hereditary chief. Since then the original kingdom has been divided into two portions, called the Northern and Southern Dulbahantas; but although the northerners declare themselves independent, the chief of the south still fights for his lawful rights, and at this present time had driven the northerners, with all their cattle and stock, to Jid Ali Tug, the next valley beyond this, which I was now desirous of visiting. Ali Haram was an old man, and consequently incapacitated from taking an active part in these tumultuous filibusterings; he had therefore, since his first accession to power, deputed a son called Mahamed Ali Gerad to act as Regent in his stead, and this was the man of whom the Warsingali spoke to me at Bunder Gori so disparagingly.</blockquote> ===Dhulbahante bigger than marehan & western border is burnt island=== According to Lodovico de Varthema, Dhulbahante and Warsangeli were more numerous than Marehan in the mid 19th century: <blockquote>The principal of these two great families is that to the eastward, or windward, of Burnt Island. It is divided into four large and three smaller tribes as follows, the Mijirtheyn , the Ahl Oor Sungeli or Wur Sungeli , the Dultahutah , and the Ahl Agahdur , forming the chief branches. Murreyhan , Girrhi , and Burtirrhi , the smaller ones . They claim as their common father Darrood ... nation extending to Bunder Jedid or burnt island to the eastward</blockquote> ===Naturalisation=== According to Richard Burton, one could be naturalised as Dhulbahante in the 19th century: <blockquote>The man I was endeavouring to seduce to favour me was one of the gang of forty thieves, and as birds of a feather all Dulbahantas flocked together to assist the victim of my displeasure; for Sumunter was, by his intermarriage with these northerners, naturalised amongst them</blockquote> ===Contortion=== A common nomenclature used by the British to describe the head of the Dhulbahante clan was "sultan" during the colonial era.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pubblica Istruzione |first1=Ministero |title=Somaliya: antologia storico-culturale |date=1966 |page=73 |quote=The Sultan of the Dolbahanta gave the Mullah his daughter in wedlock , and three thousand men rallied to his leadership ; Arab slavers on the coast provided sixty guns}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Quennell |first1=Peter |title=History Today |date=1960 |publisher=Bracken House |page=524 |quote=when the Sultan of the Dolbahanta , Ali Gerad , defected from the Derwish cause , his own son pleaded for the privilege of killing him ... It is meet that the infidel father be put to death by the believing son who is deprived of a place in paradise.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jardine |first1=Douglas |title=Mad Mullah of Somaliland |date=1923 |page=44 |quote=the Sultan of the Dolbahanta, made so bold as to send a message to the Consul-General to the effect that his old friendly relations with us remained unchanged}}</ref> According to author Said Samatar, he concurs that the terms ''Garad'' and ''Sultan'' are interchangeable.<ref name=oral>{{Cite web|url=https://epdf.pub/oral-poetry-and-somali-nationalism-the-case-of-sayid-mahammad-abdille-hasan-afri.html|title=Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayid Mahammad 'Abdille Hasan (African Studies) - PDF Free Download|website=epdf.pub}}</ref> In the 3rd of May 1899 Darawiish proclamation of independence letter sent to [[James Hayes Sadler (colonial administrator)|James Hayes Sadler]], the head or sultan of Dhulbhante position encompasses and coalesces with the Dervish state too:<ref name="indianauniversity">{{cite book |last1=Osman Omar |first1=Mohamed |title=The Scramble in the Horn of Africa; History of Somalia (1827-1977) |date=2001 |publisher=Indiana University |page=333 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713202443/http://dspace-roma3.caspur.it/bitstream/2307/2960/1/The%20scramble%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa.%20History%20of%20Somalia%20(1827-1977).pdf |quote=. This letter is sent by all the Dervishes, the Amir, and all the Dolbahanta to the Ruler of Berbera ... We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects ... In his last letter the Mullah pretends to speak in the name of the Dervishes, their Amir (himself), and the Dolbahanta tribes. This letter shows his object is to establish himself as the Ruler of the Dolbahanta, and it has a Mahdist look}}</ref> :: ''This letter is sent by all the Dervishes, the Amir, and <br>all the Dolbahanta to the Ruler of Berbera ... We are a Government,<br> we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects.'' The next day, on May 4, 1899, after it was received, the British administrator James Hayes Sadler in a letter to the British foreign minister states that the Dervish proclamation of independence letter spoke on behalf of the Dhulbahante tribe:<ref name="indianauniversity"/> :: ''In his last letter the Mullah pretends to speak in the name of the Dervishes, their Amir (himself), and the Dolbahanta tribes. This letter shows his object is to establish himself as the Ruler of the Dolbahanta, and it has a Mahdist look'' Poetry was a major theme in Darawiish life, and notable people who engaged in poetry within Darawiish quarters include [[Ismail Mire]], Xaaji Nuur Ciise, Xirsi Diihaal Halanje, Jaamac Seed, Xuseen Dhiqle, Cabdi-yare Dhalbaas and Afqarshe Ismail.<ref>Ahmed Farah Ali, 1974</ref> The nobility of the Shirshoore, who had two kingdoms, is coalesced with their Dervish identity in the following verses: {{Verse translation |Hawa beena Soomaalidaa, hadafka raacdaa leh Hadal ruma Daraawiishta iyo, weli hanoonaa leh Raggii diinta hooyga u noqdiyo, hanad shirshooraa leh |Somalis whom are by and large deceitful, they belong to the terminus of their journey Those truthful words of Darawiish, still belongs to the kind-hearted Those men who are the vanguards of faith, bravery truly belongs to the Shirshoore }} The poem Wiilyahow Daloombiyi forges a link between Garad Ali's former Dhulbahante kingdom as being superseded by Dervishism using the metaphor ''duubcad'' meaning white scarf, a well know Dervish insignia:<ref>diiwaanka gabayadii, 1974, p 96</ref> {{Verse translation |Oo aan dunjiga Cali Garaad, duub cad wada saaray |Whereby I covered the kingdom of Ali Garad with the white scarf }} ===Others=== In Genealogies Of The Somal: *"asaleh ... usually called usbeyan ... they live to the south of dolbhanta" *"marehan ... they live to the south of dolbhanta" ==Garads== The fourth Garad ali was the first garad to dissipate of the hereditary tradition, as he no longer had royal recognition beyond the year 1898, the position being usurped by [[Las Anod#Diiriye Guure|Diiriye Guure]].<ref>Foreign Department – External-B, August, 1899, No. 33- 234, NAI, New Delhi.</ref> Later [[Garad]]s: {| class="wikitable" ! !Name !Reign From !Reign Till |- |# |style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garad'' '''[[Jama Garad Ali|Jama]]''' ''Garad'' Ali II |style="white-space:nowrap" |2006 |current |- |# |''[[Garad Abdiqani Garad Jama]]''<ref>PEACE IN SOMALILAND: An Indigenous Approach to State-Building Burao, Borama, and Sanaag Conferences. In one of the most significant early examples of such an approach, the Dhulbahante’s Garaad Abdiqani initiated talks in the Ethiopian towns of Qararro, Danood, Gashaamo and Gowlalaale in February 19909 with representatives of the Habar Je’lo clan of the Isaaq. A similar conference took place in August of the same year in Gashaamo with the Habar Yoonis.</ref> |1985 |2006 |- |# |[[Garad Ali Garad Jama|''Garad'' '''Ali''']] ''Garad'' Jama V<ref>Political parties and national integration in tropical Africa By jr Rosberg (Carl G.), James S. Coleman page 544. Ali Garad Jama, university educated son of Gerad (Chief) Jama was the main drive behind the USP party formed 1958 in the Dariod center of Lasanod.</ref> |1966 |1985 |- |# |[[Garad Jama Farah|''Garad'' '''Jama "Farah"''']] ''Garad'' Ali I<ref>Political parties and national integration in tropical Africa By jr Rosberg (Carl G.), James S. Coleman page 545. Gerad jama, Traditional Chief of Bah Arasame Dhulbahante, with authority over the most numerous of Dhulbahante subclans, the Farah Garad, supported the SYL as a protest against the government's local authority system.</ref> |1930s |1966 |- |# |Garad Hersi Boqor ''Garad'' Osman Mahmud |1921 |1923 |- |# |[[Garad Jama Farah|''Garad'' '''Aardheel''']] ''Garad'' Ali<ref>Garad Aar Dheel was the closest relative to the Garad Family so he took was a regent Garad since the Royal family wasn't present in the Nogal Valley)</ref> |1921 |1923 |- |# |''Garad'' '''Mohamed''' ''Garad'' Ali IV |1920 |1920 |- |# |''[[Las Anod#Diiriye Guure|Diiriye Guure]]'' (nominal) | - ''[[Adan Ali Gurey]]''{{efn|The Darawiish maintained the bilateral ''garaad guud''; although the traditional structures were revamped including for the twelve secondary segmentation chieftains}} |1905 |1920 |- |# |''[[Guuleed Caligeri Axmed]]''<ref name="leged">Gaala-leged, poem 78, Diiwaanka gabayadi Sayid Mohamed Cabdullah Xassan</ref> |1904 |1904 |- |# |''[[Las Anod#Diiriye Guure|Diiriye Guure]]'' |1898 |1903 |- |# |''[[Las Anod#Diiriye Guure|Diiriye Guure]]'' (joint rule) |1895 |1898 |- |# |[[Garad Jama Farah#Predecessors|''Garad'' '''Ali''']] ''Garad'' Mohomoud IV <ref>The Collapse of the Somali state, p.29-30. The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas Jardine, p.44</ref> |1863 |1895–1898 |- |# |[[Garad Jama Farah#Predecessors|''Garad'' '''Mohamoud''']] ''Garad'' Ali IV (koore-baas)<ref>Diary and Observations Made by Lieutenant Speke, When Attempting to Reach the Wady Nogal|He has, however, been successfully opposed by Mahmud Ali, the rightful chief of the Dulbahanta family; the southern clans of Haud and beyond the Nogal being more numerous and more powerful than the northern divisions.</ref> |1840 |1863 |- |# |[[Garad Jama Farah#Predecessors|''Garad'' '''Ali''']] ''Garad'' Mohamed III |1825 |1840 |- |# |''Garad'' '''Mohamed''' ''Garad'' Ali III |1802 |1825 |- |# |''Garad'' '''Ali''' ''Garad'' Mohamoud II |1780 |1802 |} {{notelist|close}} Earlier [[Garad]]s: {| class="wikitable" ! !Name |- |# |''Garad'' '''Mohamoud''' ''Garad'' Mohamed III |- |# |''Garad'' '''Mohamed''' ''Garad'' Mohamoud II |- |# |''Garad'' '''Mohamoud''' ''Garad'' Ali II |- |# |''Garad'' '''Ali''' ''Garad'' Mohamoud I |- |# |''Garad'' '''Mohamoud''' ''Garad'' Mohamed (Jabane) I |- |# |''Garad'' '''Mohamed''' ''Garad'' Abdullah I |- |# |''Garad'' '''Yasin''' ''Garad'' Abdullah (Abdullah's brother) |- |# |''Garad'' '''Abdullah''' ''Garad'' Farah I |- |# |''Garad'' '''Farah''' ''Garad'' Shirshore |- |# |''Garad'' '''Shirshoore''' ''Ugaas'' Habarwaa |} ===Treaties=== For the treaty between the Somalis and colonial powers, see [[Isma%27il_Pasha#Relinquishment_and_subsequent_treaties|"treaties"]]. According to Roman Loimeier, the Dhulbahante non-treaty was an impetus for Dervish (or Darawiish) emergence:<ref name="loimeier">{{cite book |last1=Loimeier |first1=Roman |title=Muslim Societies in Africa |date=2013 |page=204 |quote=The Dulbahante had a number of good reasons to put their energies into ajihad: first, the British had not concluded a trade agreement or treaty with them and favored competing clans; second, the Dulbahante felt threatened by the Ethiopian advance into the Ogaden, which formed part of Dulbahante pastures}}</ref> {{Blockquote |text=The Dulbahante had a number of good reasons to put their energies into a jihad: first, the British had not concluded a trade agreement or treaty with them and favored competing clans; second, the Dulbahante felt threatened by the Ethiopian advance into the Ogaden, which formed part of Dulbahante pastures |author=Roman Loimeier }} Former colonial administrator [[Douglas James Jardine]] also noted that Dhulbhante were the only major Somali northern tribe whose chieftains did not sign a colonial treaty with a European colonial power:<ref>Douglas Jardine. p.74</ref> {{Blockquote |text=Early in 1885 Great Britain concluded separate protective treaties with all the Somali tribes now living under her protection, except the Warsangeli, who concluded a treaty in 1886, and the Dolbahanta, with whom no treaty has been made. |author=Douglas Jardine }} {{Blockquote |text=and consciences were salved by the reflection that our obligation to protect the tribe from the man whom they themselves had created, supported and followed, was less than our obligations to the Ishaak tribes who had for the most part resisted the movement from its very start. Moreover, as will be recalled, the Dolbahanta were the only tribe with whom we had no formal protective treaty. |author=Douglas Jardine }} {{Blockquote |text=The War Office replied that His Majesty's Government had no treaty with the Dolbahanta, and that to put the General's policy into effect would involve assurances of protection, which would still further add to our liabilities in a direction which had already cost so much. |author=Douglas Jardine }} ===Post-Taleh airstrikes=== Further Dhulbahante migration south towards the Haud was limited according to John Anthony Hunt for the following reason: <blockquote>The factors limiting the southward migrational tendency are : ( i ) political : the wells to the south being held by other tribes ( Mijertein and Ogaden under Italian and Ethiopian rule respectively </blockquote> ==Terriroy of Nogal (Darwiish) era== {| | 1880s- 1890s | Garad Ali | onset scramble for Africa |- | 1890s - 1900s | Diiriye Guure | midst scramble for Africa |- | 1900s | Guuleed Caligeri Axmed | midst scramble for Africa |- | 1900s | Garad Mohamed IV | midst scramble for Africa |- | 1920 | Aar dheel | military occupation period |- | early 1920s | Osman Mahmud | conflict with Barkad |- | latter 1920s | Hersi Boqor | conflict with Barkad |- | latter colonial period | Garad Jama | self-exile to Mogadishu |} The sultan or supreme garad of Dhulbahante during colonial era was in order chronological order, Garad Ali, Diiriye Guure also spelled Deeria Goori or Deria Gure, Guuleed Caligeri Axmed, Garad Mohamed IV, Garad Osman Mahmud, Garad Hersi Boqor, and finally Garad Jama I, also called Garad Jama Farah, or Garad Jama Garad Ali. The early and latter colonial era were largely concerned with intra-Shirshoore antagonism. In the initial phase, the Ali Gheri took center stage, whilst in the latter stage, the Barkad took center stage, the former against Mohamoud Garad and Baharsame which were settled via conciliatory gifts of horses, and the latter against Ali Gheri and Baharsame, which were settled by colonial administration-issued fines.<ref name="hornafric">{{cite book |last1=Omar |first1=Mohamed |title=The Scramble in the Horn of Africa |date=2001 |page=402 |quote=The Mahmood Girad lately took a strong force and looted the Ali Gheri ... into the interior to settle a dispute between the Ali Gheri and the Bahr As Samah.}}</ref> With regard to capturing Deria Guure, the British stated that "no guarantee of any kind as to ... future treatment being given", insinuates the intent of retribution on the part of the British government and a high priority for capture.<ref name="office">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZQLAAAAIAAJ&q=%22guarantee+of+any+kind+as+to+%22+gure|title = Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-04|year = 1907|quote='''Deria Gure''' – only an unconditional surrender should be accepted, no guarantee of any kind as to future treatment being given.}}</ref> The verbatim motion as presented by James Hayes Sadler states that the Darawiish is a movement that geolocates to the Dhulbahante territories, and states that Diiriye Guure is among those it seeks to capture: {{Blockquote |text= The object of the expeditions is to capture or defeat the Mullah and to put an end to his movement in the Dolbahanta ... In the unlikely event of the Mullah offering to surrender ... '''Deria Gure''' – only an unconditional surrender should be accepted, no guarantee of any kind as to future treatment being given. |author= }} The transcript from James Hayes Sadler to general Eric Swayne, and subsequently forwarded to levies was rendered by Somali historian [[Jama Omar Issa]] as follows:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ciise |first1=Jaamac cumar |title=Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan |date=1976 |page=50 |quote='''Diiriye Guure''' waxa qur ah oo laga oggolaan karaa isdhiibid aan shuruud lahayn}}</ref> {{Verse translation | '''Diiriye Guure''' waxa qur ah oo laga oggolaan karaa isdhiibid aan shuruud lahayn; wax sugan oo ballanqaad ah oo noloshooda dambe laga siin karaa ma jirto. |Diiriye Guure can solely be permitted to capitulate and give himself up, without any conditions. We do not attach any agreements or safeguards hereafter. }} An Evening Express piece published by Walter Alfred Pearce referred to Diiriye Guure as the head of the Dhulbahante clan during the Dervish era. It further describes Guure as wealthy and powerful, and that he participated at the Battle of Gumburu Cagaarweyne, sustaining injuries therein.<ref name="eveningexpress,walterspearce">{{cite book |last1=Spearce |first1=Walter |title=Somali Campaign |date=August 1903 |url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:TOLiKgxj78AJ:https://newspapers.library.wales/view/4136185/4136187/47/john%2520powell&hl=en&gl=si&strip=1&vwsrc=0 |quote=The third leader is '''Deeria Goori''', of the Dolbahanta tribe, who was badly wounded at the Battle of Gunrburru ... These men are the '''heads of their respective tribes''', and are all wealthy and powerful. }}</ref> :: '' The third leader is '''Deeria Goori''', of the Dolbahanta tribe, who was badly wounded at the Battle of Gunburru ... These men are the heads of their respective tribes, and are all wealthy and powerful. ''<ref name="eveningexpress,walterspearce"/> A report in 1903 in the Evening Express states that Diiriye Guure's role was equivalent to the commander of the [[Royal Engineers]], whom in 1903 happened to be [[Richard Harrison (British Army officer)|Richard Harrison]]. This report also states he was a veteran of the Gumburru battle,<ref name="wels">{{Cite web|title=I SOMALI CAMPAIGN. I&#124;1903-08-17&#124;Evening Express - Welsh Newspapers|url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/4136185/4136187/22/|website=newspapers.library.wales}}</ref> and his brother Maxmud Guure mentioned in the [[Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list|Geoffrey Archer's list]]<ref name="brit">British intelligence report, 1916, PRO CO 535 / 47 ; followed by National Archives, PRO WO 106 / 23</ref> was mentiond as witnessing after-effects of Cagaarweyne battle, i.e. an eagle filled the remnants of human testicles: "waxaana calooshiisii laga soo saaray 500 oo xiniinyo rag ah",<ref name="taarii">Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan, Jaamac Cumar Ciise · 2005 , PAGE 114</ref> an event described by Douglas Jardine as "the enemy force was represented by the leading die-hards".<ref>Douglas Jardine, page 102 "There was no longer any doubt that the enemy were collected in thick bush some 10 miles to the west of Cobbe ; and a captured rifle, which had been lost by us at Erigo, and two horses which were recognised as belonging to the Mullah's khusuusi, or intimate advisers, gave rise to suspicions that the enemy force was represented by the leading die-hards. "</ref> ===Colonial era=== The incident concerning Hersi Boqor, the Barkat were considered the more amenable, and as such, Baharsame as well as Hersi Boqor were threatened accordng to Brock Millman with "and steps would be taken to affect their arrest or 'destruction'."<ref>British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960, Brock Millman, p. 19-30</ref> The Barkat were perceived to get favorable treatment from illaalo contingents when a decade later they were once again found less tractable in an intra-shirshoore dispute. Nonetheless, the chief caaqil of Barkad, who was Maxamed Cali Bulay, was considered bellicose and contentious for his consistent refusal to part with dia payments, even in the event of a killing. These events meant former Barkad Dervishes such as Xareed Duubi Deero squared off against his former Dervish allies of the Ali Gheri.<ref>Ismaaciil Mire, A. F. Cali ("Idaajaa.") , 1974</ref> This also meant formerly disparate Barkad dia groups, such as Baha Ali united under the Barkad umbrella for safety.<ref>Force and Fission in Northern Somali Lineage Structure, IM Lewis, 2009, IM Lewis, p 108</ref> Likewise, during this era, the Daahyaale raids by Dhulbahante Dervish against Ogaden during the Illig era also temporarily created bad blood between these two lineages.<ref>https://www.doollo.com/mainpage/boggasuugaanta/guba/Bullaale/bulaale.htm</ref> ==Territory & demographics== The Dhulbahante traditionally inhabit the territory of the Nugaal, in its topographic sense, and its pre-1980s administrative sense.<ref name="smtroral">{{cite book |last1=Said Samatar |first1=Said Samatar |title=Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism |date=1982 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=199–200 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-KwGPQAACAAJ |access-date=20 September 2019|isbn=9780521104579 }}</ref> Neil Faulkner stated that by 1895, the Dervishes were founded in Dhulbahante lands.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Faulkner |first1=Neil |title=Empire and Jihad |date=2021 |page=339 |quote=Returning from his final pilgrimage in 1895, he moved back to his home, Kirrit in the Dolbahanta tribal territory ... and there launched his mission to redeem Islam and reclaim Somalia"}}</ref> Scholars generally state the Ali Geri clan were the first tribe to adopt the Dervish identity in the Horn of Africa, thus making Ali Gheri the begetters and initiators of Dervish or making Ali Gheri the Daraawiish founders.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Genis |first1=Gerhard |title=Mohammed Abdulle Hassan en sy volgelinge |date=1996 |publisher=Scientia Militaria - South African Journal of Military Studies |page=81 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gerhard-Genis/publication/269867283_DIE_SOMALILAND_BURGHER_CONTINGENT/links/5ed6119c92851c9c5e725c09/DIE-SOMALILAND-BURGHER-CONTINGENT.pdf |quote=Die Mullah se eerste volgelinge was die Ali Gheri, sy moedersmense. Laasgenoemde was dee I van die Dolbahanta-stam en die grootste getal van die Derwisj-beweging se volgelinge was uit die stam afkomstig. (english translation) The Mullah's first followers were the Ali Gheri, his mother's kin. The latter is a subtribe of the Dolbahanta tribe and is where largest proportion of the Darwish followers were descended from.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Abdi |first1=Abdulqadir |title=Divine Madness |date=1993 |publisher=Zed Books |page=101 |quote=to the Dervish cause, such as the Ali Gheri, the Mullah's maternal kinsmen and his first converts. In fact, Swayne had instructions to fine the Ali Gheri 1000 camels for possible use in the upcoming campaign}}</ref><ref name="AngusHamilton">*{{cite book |last1=Bartram |first1=R |title=The annihilation of Colonel Plunkett's force |date=1903 |publisher=The Marion Star |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/296280296/ |quote=By his marriage he extended his influence from Abyssinia, on the west, to the borders of Italian Somaliland, on the east. The '''Ali Gheri were his first''' followers.}}<br />*{{cite book |last1=Hamilton |first1=Angus |title=Field Force |publisher= [[Hutchinson & Co]] |date=1911 |page=50 |url=https://archive.org/stream/dli.ministry.06400/209.94.A.61_djvu.txt |quote=it appeared for the nonce as if he were content with the homage paid to his learnings and devotional sincerity by the Ogaden and Dolbahanta tribes. The '''Ali Gheri were his first followers'''}}<br />*{{cite book |last1=Leys |first1=Thomson |title=The British Sphere |publisher=[[Auckland Star]] |date=1903 |page=5 |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/imageserver/newspapers/P29pZD1BUzE5MDMwNDI0LjEuNSZnZXRwZGY9dHJ1ZQ== |quote='''Ali Gheri were his first''' followers, while these were presently joined by two sections of the Ogaden}}</ref> Upon the demise of the Dhulbahante garadate and the establishment of Dervish (Darawiish), scholars state the latter predominantly were composed of the Dhulbahante tribe, including Omar Mahmood,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mahmood |first1=Omar |title=The case of Sool and Sanaag |date=2019 |publisher=EAR |page=15 |url=https://media.africaportal.org/documents/Overlapping_claims_by_Somaliland_and_Puntland.pdf |quote="The Dhulbahante were dominant in both the Dervish movement and under the Barre regime"}}</ref> Robert Hess,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hess |first1=Robert |title=THE RISE AND FALL OF THE UNION OF ISLAMIC COURTS |date=1964 |page=48 |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/375ceb586d73d397fc8a6db519d4ca7b/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750 |quote="with the establishment of the Nogal protectorate ... the Dervish followers of Muhammad Abdullah Hassan were for the most part from the Dolbahanta"}}</ref> Roy Irons,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Irons |first1=Roy |title=War with the Sayyid |date=2013 |page=30 |url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:U8ht5xS6wPYJ:https://www.academia.edu/48849228/The_Mad_Mullah+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=si |quote="The defiant Sayyid, who from his base among the powerful Dolbahanta clan"}}</ref> and Said Samatar.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Samatar |first1=Said |title=Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism |date=1982 |page=100 |url=https://docshare.tips/oral-poetry-and-somali_5883b0c6b6d87fc0298b4875.html |quote=make a few observations about the Dulbahante, for it was this clan who formed the core of the Sayyid's following and whose strengths and weaknesses Dervishism as a movement could be said to have reflected}}</ref> According to Major F. Cunliffe Owen, in terms of Dhulbahante political allegiance "the great preponderance lay" with Dervishes (darawiish), whilst that of Isaaq tribe was "mostly attached" to the British.<ref name="cunliffe">{{cite book |last1=Owen |first1=Cunliffe |title=The Position of the Enemy and Our Objective |date=1905 |location=169-182 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03071840509418669?needAccess=true&journalCode=rusi19 |quote=In making this move to the Nogal, the Mullah had entered into a region which was acceptable to a large portion of his following ... the Somali tribes may be classed generally into the four following divisions: (1) Ishak (2) Dolbahanta (3) Mijjarten (4) Ogaden. The first are mostly attached to us, inhabiting the coast and more northerly portion of our Protectorate. The second, more of a fighting class than the first, were divided between us and the Mullah; but the great preponderance lay with him. Their habitat comprises the Nogal and country N., W., and S. of the latter. The Mijjarten are the one great tribe occupying the N. and E. Somali coasts in Italian territory. The Ogaden country lies in the west of our Protectorate up to and across the Abyssinian border.}}</ref> Cunliffe Owen also stated that Dervish followers emphasized Nugaal as their territory,<ref name="cunliffe"/> with Dervish negotiators and diplomats likewise emphasizing Nugaal as a jurisdiction.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Issa-Salwe |first1=Abdisalam |title=The Collapse of The Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy |date=1996 |page=32 |url=https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/5265/1/The%20Collapse%20of%20The%20Somali%20State%20-The%20Impact%20of%20the%20Colonial%20Legacy.pdf |quote="After heated negotiations an agreement was reached on 5 March 1905 ... The Ilig Treaty recognised Sayid Mahamed as leader of a mini state in the Nugaal Valley"}}</ref> Dervish leader Sayid Abdullah Hassan likewise placed an emphasis on Nugaal in Dervish demarcation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kapteijns |first1=Lidwien |title=A LETTER FROM Muhammad Abdullah Hassan |date=1996 |page=8 |url=https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/06/6Kapteijns.pdf |quote=Sayyid used this new international recognition to realize some of his state building ambitions ... you say that you will go away from the country, that is, from the Nugaal and Buuhoodleh and their environs. At this we rejoiced greatly}}</ref> Dervish historian Jaamac Cumar Ciise likewise stated Dervish placed an emphasis on Nugaal, stating "sal u ahayd ... ugu jeclaayeen ... kama maaranto .. dhulkay asalka " , singling out Nugaal as the Dervish headquarters, their most desired land, their indispensable land and original land. Ciise also stated "haanka ku hayeen ... inaanay gacantooda ka bixin" i.e. the Nugaal is the Dervish ultimate objective, and that Nugaal should forever remain in their (the Dervishes) firm grip.<ref name="nugaalgrip">{{cite book |last1=Issa |first1=Jama Omar |title=Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan |date=2005 |page=252-259 |quote=Daraawiishi xagga dalka iyo xagga degmadaba Nugaal baa sal u ahayd arladana waa ugu jeclaayeen ... Daraawiishi Nugaal kama maaranto oo waa dhulkay asalka u lahayd waa dalkii loo gartay inay iyagu ka taliyaan (translation) For the Dervish, their country and habitation had Nugaal as headquarters, as the land they desired most ... Dervishes viewed Nugaal as indispensable, as their original land, and the country that was known as ruled by them ... Weligoodna Daraawiishtu waxay haanka ku hayeen in dhulka loo yaqaan Nugaal iyo dhulka ciidda cas midna inaanay gacantooda ka bixin ... Since its beginnings, the ultimate objective of Dervish had always been that Nugaal and the reddish soil of 'Iid should forever remain in their firm grip}}</ref> ==Culture== The Nugaal is traditionally Dhulbahante territory<ref name="smtroral"/> and also the territory emphasized by the Dervish.<ref name="nugaalgrip"/> ''Maarsasho'' is a Somali term which literally means minimalism, referring to the off-the-grid lifestyle. The Dervish stated in a 1903 letter to the British colonial consulate that the Darawiish pride themselves on having no material possessions:<ref name="taarii">Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan, Jaamac Cumar Ciise · 2005 , PAGE 114</ref> {{Blockquote |text= Last year I fought with you and Musa Farah was with you. God willing, I will take many rifles from you, but you won’t get any rifles or ammunition from me, and I will not take your country. I have no forts, no houses, no country. I have no cultivated fields, no silver or gold for you to take. I have no artificers. Musa Farah has gained no benefit by killing my men and my country is of no good to you |author= }} Douglas Jardine likewise noted the propensity of ''maarsasho'' (minimalism) among Darawiish, and said this extended to avoiding drugs such as the Khat leaf:<ref>Douglas Jardine, p 39</ref> {{Blockquote |text= With all the corrosive invective of the born agitator and the recklessness of the reformer, he inveighed against the luxury of the age. He proclaimed that the Somalis were wasting their substance on riotous living, especially on tea-drinking. He protested against the immorality of chewing kat |author= }} The onset of colonialism didn't necessarily directly engender a binary colonial or Dervish identity, with Jardine describing a set of people who had "immunity from attack":<ref name="jardin"> Douglas Jardine, p. 239</ref> <blockquote>From this place, the chief grazing grounds of the tribes were at his mercy. It was an excellent base from which to carry out raids in any direction. Many of the tribesmen, loath to leave such luxuriant pastures, had remained in close proximity to the Dervish post; and their immunity from attack had shown that some sort of understanding existed between them and the Dervishes with whom they had exchanged visits and presents.</blockquote> The Mariyama Shiikh poem suggests a culture of nativism in the Nugaal with the usage of ''muhajir'' (emigrant) for non-natives:<ref>MARIYAMA SHIIKH, Sudanic Africa - Volume 7 - Page 32</ref> {{Verse translation |5 Kun lag oo muhaajiriina waa, ma hurihiisiiye |5 a thousand emigrants have arrived; and she (Mariyama) is indispensable for them}} ===Dervishphobia=== The author Ali Jimale described an anti-dervish feeling among Somalis: <blockquote>The Isaaqs were not the only Somali group that had an ax to grind against the dervishization of the state . The Hawiyes and the Reewin ( mistakenly called ' Rahanweyn ' ) were later outraged by the construction of a monument for the Sayyid.</blockquote> ==Jubaland== ===Formation of Somali identity=== Henry Hastings Horne and comissioner Jennings accepted an 1 August 1922 (SAME DAY AS PUNTLAND INDEPENDENCE) request by Darod elders to give Somalis a separate category:<ref>Pushing Marginalization: British Colonial Policy, Somali Identity, and the Gosha ‘Other’ in Jubaland Province, 1895 to 1925</ref> "an Ordinance making provision for administering Somali Tribes, such Ordinance would authorize taxation, Tribal Councils, Headmen and Chiefs and define their duties and powers: the word Somali would appear in place of the word Native. Thus the Somali would be taken out of the jurisdiction of Native Authority Ordinance and placed under a similar ordinance of their own" ===Clan composition=== The clan composition <ref>Pushing Marginalization: British Colonial Policy, Somali Identity, and the Gosha ‘Other’ in Jubaland Province, 1895 to 1925 https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/76774/etd-05172011-112522_Blaha_DR_T_2011.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref> as as follows: "While Somalis from other clans could be found within BEAP and across the Juba River in Italian Somaliland, Jubaland province was almost exclusively populated by the Darod" "These two clan-families are further broken down into six main clans and sub clans, including the Darod clan of the Samaale who are virtually the sole Somali occupants of Jubaland." [[Category:Boqor]] ttx9241pl3dqm3ad8bsrq0o3p6ogdx7 309532 309531 2026-09-24T17:56:08Z ~2026-51461-57 47547 Noqay bedelaadka [[Special:Diff/309531|309531]] ee sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-51461-57|~2026-51461-57]] ([[User talk:~2026-51461-57|hadal]]) 309532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Garaad''' waa hoggaamiyaha [[reer daraawiish]] oo ah beelweyn oo ka tirsan beelaha soomaaliyeed ee ugu faca weyn uguna taariikh dheer Afrika. Garaadnimadu waa boqornimo lakala dhaxlo waxaana caan ku ah Beesha Si'iid Harti (reer darawiish). [[category:dhaqan]] 6ozrk11unrcn77f6iz1kkn2abip0cbd 309533 309532 2026-09-24T17:58:30Z ~2026-51461-57 47547 309533 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Garaad''' waa hoggaamiyaha beel ama qabiil ee lagu magacaabu caaqilada dadka geeska Afrika. Xagga Soomaalida, qofka boqor lagu magacaabo waa qof abtirsi ahaan maqaamkaas ku yeeshay. Qofka lagu doorto inuu noqdo garaad waxaa laga raba inuu ahaado qof sharaf, asluub, xirrib, aqoon ku xeeldheer iyo qof miisaami karo dadka Garaadnimadu waa boqornimo lakala dhaxlo waxaana caan ku ah Beesha Si'iid Harti (reer darawiish). [[category:dhaqan]] mzoev8dj46tg3rv0t4y7ly2z6fhisie 309534 309533 2026-09-24T18:20:40Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badaladii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-51461-57|~2026-51461-57]] ([[User talk:~2026-51461-57|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Kalayladeeliyagu|Kalayladeeliyagu]] 241429 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Garaad''' waa hoggaamiyaha [[reer daraawiish]] oo ah beelweyn oo ka tirsan beelaha soomaaliyeed ee ugu faca weyn uguna taariikh dheer Afrika. Garaadnimadu waa boqornimo lakala dhaxlo waxaana caan ku ah Beesha Si'iid Harti (reer darawiish). [[category:dhaqan]] 6ozrk11unrcn77f6iz1kkn2abip0cbd 309535 309534 2026-09-24T18:22:10Z Isma4l 41797 La ilaaliyay "[[Garaad]]": Ku darista qoraalo aan tixraac laheen/ iyo [[Wikipedia:Khariibaad|Kharribaad]] (using [[:metawikimedia:User:Isma4l/AdminInspector.js|AdminInspector]]) ([Wax ka badal=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn) [Wareeji=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn)) 241429 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Garaad''' waa hoggaamiyaha [[reer daraawiish]] oo ah beelweyn oo ka tirsan beelaha soomaaliyeed ee ugu faca weyn uguna taariikh dheer Afrika. Garaadnimadu waa boqornimo lakala dhaxlo waxaana caan ku ah Beesha Si'iid Harti (reer darawiish). [[category:dhaqan]] 6ozrk11unrcn77f6iz1kkn2abip0cbd 309536 309535 2026-09-24T18:22:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ Hagaajin 309536 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Garaad''' ([[Af-Harari|Harari]]: ገራድ ''Gärād'', {{Langx|so|Garaad}}, {{Langx|ar|الجراد}}, [[Af-Oromo|Oromo]]: ''Garaada'') waa magac ama cinwaan loo adeegsado in loogu yeero boqor, suldaan, ama maamule goboleed. Waxaa inta badan isticmaali jiray muslimiinta ku nool [[Geeska Afrika]] ee ku xirnaa dowladaha Islaamka, gaar ahaan [[Saldanaddii Adal]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abubaker |first1=Abdulmalik |title=Taxes, tax payers and collectors-pre and post Menelik: Harari experience |publisher=University of Alabama |page=24 |url=https://everythingharar.com/files/Abdulmalik_Abubaker.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hassan |first1=Mohammed |title=Oromo of Ethiopia |publisher=University of London |page=177 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29226/1/10731321.pdf}}</ref> == Asalka Erayga== Asalka dhabta ah ee erayga ''Garaad'' waa mid aan la hubin.<ref>{{citation|title=Emirate, Egyptian, Ethiopian: Colonial Experiences in Late Nineteenth ..|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3N0DwAAQBAJ&q=garad+origin+in+ethiopia&pg=PA87|date=n.d.|isbn=978-0-8156-5431-5|last1 = Ben-Dror|first1 = Avishai| publisher=Syracuse University Press }}</ref> Sida uu qabo [[Enrico Cerulli]], Garaad wuxuu ka soo jeedaa xilligii [[Adal (gobol taariikhi ah)|Adal]].<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Hersi |first1=Ali |title=The Arab factor in Somali history the origins and the development of Arab enterprise and cultural influences in the Somali peninsula |date=1977 |publisher=University of California |page=13 |url=https://iucat.iu.edu/iue/576862}}</ref> Garaad wuxuu tilmaamayaa oday ama madax ka tirsan ''"Gaar"'' (qabiil/reer).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Woldeselassie |first1=Zerihun |title=Ethnicity, belonging and identity among the Eastern Gurage of Ethiopia |journal=Ethnicities |year=2017 |volume=17 |issue=3 |publisher=Sage Publications, Inc |page=438 |doi=10.1177/1468796815588619 |jstor=26413960 |hdl=10037/18693 |s2cid=143003936 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26413960|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Turton |first1=Edmund |title=The Pastrol tribes of Northern Kenya |publisher=University of London |page=27 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29105/1/10731200.pdf}}</ref> Garaad wuxuu macnihiisu yahay ''"madax ama duug"'' luqadaha [[Af-Harari|Harari]] iyo [[Af-Silt'e|Silt'e]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: Gärad |url=https://en.sewasew.com/phrases/4612?withDetails=1}}</ref> Taariikhyahanka Abdurahman Garad wuxuu sheegay in Garaad uu ka soo jeedo erayga Harariga ah ee ah ''agârada'' oo macnihiisu yahay "in si fiican loo fiirsado" sidaas darteedna uu si dhow u xiriiro cinwaanka gaarka u ah Harar ee [[Malak (cinwaan)|Malak]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Garad |first1=Abdurahman |title=Harar Wirtschaftsgeschichte eines Emirats im Horn von Afrika (1825-75) |date=1990 |publisher=P. Lang |page=24 |isbn=978-3-631-42492-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_gwAAAAMAAJ&q=Harar:+Wirtschaftsgeschichte+des+Emirats+im+Horn+von+Afrika+(1825-75)}}</ref> Sida uu qabo [[Wolf Leslau|Leslau]], Garaad waa erey ka soo amaahday luqadaha Kushitiga ee ku dhex jira af-Harariga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, luqaan-yahanka [[Giorgio Banti]] waa uu diiddan yahay sheegashadan, isagoo sheegaya in caddaymaha Leslau aanay ku filnayn in lagu taageero. Banti wuxuu ku daray inaysan jirin caddayn xooggan oo lagu taageerayo inuu asal ka soo jeedo luqadaha [[Afafka Semitiga-Itoobiyaanka|Ethio-Semitic]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Banti |first1=Giorgio |title=African Arabic: Approaches to Dialectology |chapter=Strata on loanwords from Arabic and other Semitic languages in Northern Somali |date=2013 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=203–204 |doi=10.1515/9783110292343.185 |isbn=978-3-11-029232-9 |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110292343.185/html?lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Leslau |first=Wolf |date=1959 |title=An Analysis of the Harari Vocabulary |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ethio_0066-2127_1959_num_3_1_1310 |journal=Annales d'Éthiopie |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=290 |doi=10.3406/ethio.1959.1310}}</ref> Af-Soomaaliga dhexdiisa, erayga ''Garaad'' waxaa inta badan loogu turjumaa "madax", "oday", ama "nin xigmad leh", iyo sidoo kale "xigmad".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Höhne |first=Markus Virgil |title=Between Somaliland and Puntland : marginalization, militarization and conflicting political vision |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-907431-13-5 |location=London |pages=47 |oclc=976483444}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Waller |first1=David |title=Rwanda : which way now? |date=1993 |publisher=Oxfam |isbn=0-85598-217-9 |location=Oxford |pages=68 |oclc=29513928}}</ref> Asal kale oo erayga ah oo ku jira af-Soomaaliga waa ''Gar Aad'', kaas oo ah isku-darka erayada "gar" (caddaalad) iyo "aad" (u socda), sidaas darteed macnaha dhabta ah ee Garaad ee Af-Soomaaliga waa "midka raadiya caddaaladda".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kirk |first1=J. W. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yPVWJxtLG6IC |title=A Grammar of the Somali Language: With Examples in Prose and Verse, and an Account of the Yibir and Midgan Dialects |date=2010-10-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-01326-0 |language=en}}</ref> == Taariikhda == [[File:Ala Oromo Garad.jpg|thumb|right|190px|Garaad ka tirsan Oromada Ala sanadkii 1885]] Dowladaha iyo maamulada Islaamka ee kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan [[Saldanaddii Hadiya]], [[Saldanaddii Darfur]], [[Gobolka Ganz]], [[Harla]] iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha saldanadaha [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ayaa hoggaamiyeyaashooda loogu yeeri jiray Garaadyo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Boustead |first1=J.E.H |title=The Youth & Last Days of Sultan Ali Dinar "A Fur View" |journal=Sudan Notes and Records |year=1939 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=149–153 |publisher=University of Khartoum |jstor=41716321 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716321}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Markakis |first1=John |title=Ethiopia: The Last Two Frontiers |year=2011 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |page=141 |isbn=978-1-84701-033-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yckMyLVh3oYC&q=somali+elders+with+titles+such+as+sultan%2C+Ugas%2C+Garad%2C+Damin+and+Malaq&pg=PA141}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Huntingford |first1=G.W.B |title=Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646: Being Extracts from The History of High Ethiopia or Abassia by Manoel de Almeida Together with Bahrey's History of the Galla |date=15 May 2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-05271-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gAgkDwAAQBAJ&q=hadiya+garad&pg=PT46}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Levi |first1=Vida |title=Le manuscrit Vatican arabe 1792 |page=2 |url=https://f.hypotheses.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/4313/files/2020/07/Labadie_Manuscrit_Vatican_Arabe_1792-1.pdf |publisher=European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme}}</ref> Sida uu qabo taariikhyahanka Alessandro Gori, qoraallada Masiixiga iyo kuwa Islaamkaba waxay cinwaanka ''Garaad'' ku xiriiriyaan hoggaamiyihii caanka ahaa ee qarnigii lixaad ee Adal [[Axmed bin Ibraahim Al-Gaasi]] (Axmed Gurey).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gori |first1=Alessandro |title=Fame (and debts) beyond the sea two mentions of imām Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm in an Indian Arabic source |publisher=University of Copenhagen |page=484 |url=https://curis.ku.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/156864506/GORI_in_GS_Marrassini.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chekroun |first1=Amélie |title=Derniers échos du jihad éthiopien (XVIe siècle) : l'apport de la biographie du fils de l'imām Aḥmad par al-Jazīrī |publisher=Centre Français des Études Ethiopiennes |page=24 |url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-05395526/}}</ref> Sannadkii 1550, warqad ka timid boqorkii [[Boqortooyada Itoobiya|Xabashida]] oo loo diray boqorkii [[Portugal]] ayaa faahfaahin ka bixinaysa guushii uu hoggaamiyihii Adal ee ''Garaad Axmed'' ka gaaray taliyihii Bortuqiiska [[Cristóvão da Gama]]:<ref>{{cite book |title=The Portuguese expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543 |page=116 |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/The_Portuguese_expedition_to_Abyssinia_in_1541-1543_as_narrated_by_Castanhoso_%28IA_portugueseexpedi00whitrich%29.pdf}}</ref> {{Blockquote |text=Taliyihii, D. Christovao, wuxuu ka degay badda, wuxuuna dalkayga la galay afar boqol oo Faransiis ah, iyo bambaanooyin badan, qoryaha gacanta iyo hub kale. Muslimiin badan ayaa ku soo ururay inay la dagaallamaan. Raggeenu waxay ahaayeen kuwo kooban, sidaas darteedna maalintu may ahayn tii aan guuleysanay. Ma aanan iman waqtigii aan kula biiri lahaa Taliyaha, waayo waxaan ka fogaa waddan kale oo la yiraahdaa [[Shawa|Seoa]]. Intii uu D. Christovao joogay [[Gobolka Tigray|Tigre]], wuxuu ii soo diray ergay si uu iiga codsado inaan si degdeg ah u imaado, maadaama ay ahayd in labaduba aan kulanno. Ergaygii waa i soo gaaray, waxaa la dhihi jiray Ayres Dias, oo ah adeege ka tirsan Taliyaha, kaas oo ay dadka dalkan u yaqaaniin Marcos. Markaan maqlay fariintii waxaan bilaabay inaan si degdeg ah u socdaalo, si aan u midoobno. Intii aan jidka ku jiray waxaan maqlay in Garaad Axmed uu dilay D. Christovao iyo Faransiisiyaal badan, isla markaana uu qabsaday dhammaan bambaanooyinkii, agabkii dagaalka iyo hubkii ay wateen; iyo in Faransiisiyaalkii ka baxsaday ay ku kala firdheen dalka oo dhan. Warkaas markaan maqlay aad baan u murugooday oo waxaan la ooyay murugo iyo xamaasad.}} Qoysaska iyo qabaa'ilada Soomaaliyeed dhexdooda, isticmaalka cinwaanka hidaha iyo dhaqanka ee ''"Garaad"'' wuxuu aad ugu baahsan yahay qabiillada [[Dhulbahante]] iyo [[Karanle]], waxaana sidoo kale isticmaali jiray [[Habar Awal]] ilaa horraantii 1940-meeyadii.<ref>{{cite book|last=Felix|first=Rosen|url=https://archive.org/details/einedeutscheges00rose|title=Eine deutsche Gesandtschaft in Abessinien|publisher=VERLAG VON VEIT & COMP Leipzig|year=1907|isbn=978-0-274-11341-5|page=115|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Buur |first1=L |last2=Kyed |first2=K |title=State Recognition and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Dawn for Traditional Authorities? |date=2007 |publisher=Springer |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vMeHDAAAQBAJ&q=dhulbahante+i+m+lewis&pg=PA176 |access-date=21 September 2019|isbn=978-0-230-60971-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cerulli |first1=Enrico |title=Islam: Yesterday and Today translated by Emran Waber |publisher=Istituto Per L'Oriente |page=199 |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1g-LkxaXWZopjLCFEuWm8wnly2lh4WvFp/view}}</ref> Sida ay qabto hidaha iyo dhaqanka, Garaadkii aas-aasay qabiilka Girhi ee Soomaaliyeed ''"Aboker"'' wuxuu noolaa shan qarni ka hor magaalada [[Harar]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hussein |first1=Jeylan |title=Sociocognitive Processes in the Construction of Identity and Conflict between the Jarso and Girhi in Eastern Ethiopia |journal=African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review |year=2015 |volume=5 |issue=2 |publisher=Indiana University Press |page=107 |doi=10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.5.2.89 |jstor=10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.5.2.89 |s2cid=154694376 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.5.2.89|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Dhaqanka qabiilka Soomaaliyeed ee [[Geledi]] wuxuu sheegayaa in [[Aw (aabbe)|Aw]] Kalafow, oo ah farcankii [[Abadir]], uu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee isticmaala cinwaanka ''Garaad''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mukhtar |first1=Mohammed |title=Historical Dictionary of Somalia |date=25 February 2003 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |page=87 |isbn=978-0-8108-6604-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC&dq=first+to+use+the+title+gereed&pg=PA87}}</ref> Enrico Cerulli iyo kuwo kale waxay sheegeen in cinwaannada [[Af-Harari|Harari]] sida ''Garaad'' ay qaateen oo ay adeegsadeen madaxda Soomaaliyeed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cerulli |first1=Enrico |title=HARAR CENTRO MUSULMANO IN ETIOPIA |publisher=Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino |page=314 |url=http://everythingharar.com/images/pdf/publication/Harar,%20Centro%20Musulmano%20In%20Ethiopia%20-%20Cerulli.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Banti |first1=Giorgio |title=Strata in Semitic loanwords in Northern Somali |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |page=192 |url=https://www.academia.edu/5529034}}</ref> Horraantii qarnigii 17-aad ee [[Emirate of Harar|Imaaraddii Harar]], Garaad wuxuu ahaa cinwaanka la siiyo dadka canshuur ururiyayaasha ah ee u adeegaya dowladda. Waxaa loo sii gudbin jiray oo inta badan loo dhaxalsiin jiray wiilka curadka ah.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Yusuf |title=An Inquiry into Some Aspects of the Economy of Harar and the Records of the Household Economy of Harari Amirs (1825-1875) |publisher=Addis Ababa University |page=24}}</ref> Sida uu qabo Richard Caulk, Garaad wuxuu ahaa cinwaan hore oo Harari ah kaas oo loo soo bandhigay [[Oromada]] ku nool [[Hararghe]] oo iyaguna bilaabay inay isticmaalaan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abubaker |first1=Abdulmalik |title=Trade for Peace not for Conflict: Harari Experience |publisher=School of Law, University of Warwick |url=https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/lgd/2013_1/abubaker}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=WONDIMU |first1=ALEMAYEHU |title=A CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE HARARI PEOPLE |publisher=Jimma University |page=18 |url=https://repository.ju.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/803/Edd.%20Ful.%20%20His.%20RES.%207%20Alemayehu%2020099.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421223316/https://repository.ju.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/803/Edd.%20Ful.%20%20His.%20RES.%207%20Alemayehu%2020099.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=21 April 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Garaadyadu waxay kaloo ahaayeen taliyayaal ciidan oo lagu magacaabi jiray [[Malassay]] oo ka tirsanaa Imaaradda Harar.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kropp |first1=Manfred |title=Mäläsay: Selbstbezeichnung Eines Harariner Offizierskorps und Ihr Gebrauch in Äthiopischen und Arabischen Chroniken |journal=Paideuma |year=1990 |volume=36 |publisher=Frobenius Institute |page=111 |jstor=40732663 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40732663}}</ref> Taariikh qoraal ah oo qarnigii 18-aad ah oo ku saabsan Harar ayaa sheegaysa in gobolka Harar uu soo maray qalalaase weyn dhammaadkii 1700-meeyadii kaas oo sababay burburinta dhowr tuulo oo ay maamuli jireen Garaadyadu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wagner |first1=Ewald |title=Three Arabic Documents on the History of Harar |year=1974 |issue=1 |journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies |volume=12 |pages=213–224 |jstor=44324707 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44324707}}</ref> Int u dhaxaysay 1831 iyo 1833, boqorkii Shawa [[Sahle Selassie]] wuxuu u magacaabay al-Hajj Garaad oo ka tirsan dadka [[Argobba]], inuu noqdo guddoomiyaha [[Aliyu Amba]] ee gobolka taariikhiga ah ee [[Ifat (gobol taariikhi ah)|Ifat]] ee [[Boqortooyada Itoobiya|Xabashida]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Omer |first1=Ahmed |title=Aleyyu Amba: L'Ifat et ses réseaux politiques, religieux et commerciaux au XIXe siècle |publisher=Editions De Boccard |page=194 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Aleyyu_Amba/izIlzgEACAAJ?hl=en}}</ref> == Qabaa'ilada Garaad ee Soomaaliyeed == Waxaa jira qabaa'il Soomaaliyeed oo magaca Garaad raaciyo ama ay ka tirsanyihiin, gaar ahaan laamaha qabaa'ilka [[Mareexaan]], [[Dhulbahante]], iyo [[Karanle]] oo ay ka mid yihiin:<ref>GIKONYO, FLORENCE, MÉMOIRE SOUMIS POUR L’OBTENTION DU, and DIPLÔME DE MAÎTRISE ES LETTRES. "UNIVERSITÉ KENYATTA." (2011).</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hunt|first=John Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ|title=A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950: Final Report on "An Economic Survey and Reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950," Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D. 484|date=1951|publisher=To be purchased from the Chief Secretary|pages=141–143|language=en}}</ref> *[[Faarax Garaad]] *[[Maxamuud Garaad]] == Goobaha == *[[Madaarka Jigjiga Gerad Wilwal]], garoon diyaaradeed oo ku yaal [[Jigjiga]], Itoobiya *Garado, magaalo ku taal [[Gobolka Wollo]] ee [[Gobolka Amxaarada]] taas oo magaceedu ka soo jeedo Garaad.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hussein |first1=Ahmed |title=HARAR-WALLO RELATIONS REVISITED: HISTORICAL, RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL DIMENSIONS |publisher=Kyoto University |page=112 |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/108279/1/ASM_S_41_111.pdf}}</ref> *Garad Erer, buur ka muuqata [[godka Porc-Epic]] ee u dhow [[Dire Dawa]], Itoobiya *[[Garacad|Garaad]] (Garacad), magaalo dekedeed ku taal [[Puntland]], [[Soomaaliya]] *Garad Abdal Kader Nur, tuulo u dhow [[Harar]], Itoobiya<ref>{{cite book |last1=Braukämper |first1=Ulrich |title=Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia Collected Essays |publisher=Lit |page=115 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Islamic_History_and_Culture_in_Southern/HGnyk8Pg9NgC?hl=en&gbpv=0}}</ref> == Garaadyada caanka ah == *[[Maxfud]] ee Saldanadda Adal *[[Garaad Hirabu Goita Tedros]] *[[Asmadin]] ee [[Gobolka Wej|Wej]] *[[Abun Adashe]] ee Saldanadda Adal *[[Gerad Dhidhin|Dhidhin]], taliyihii ugu horreeyay ee qabiilka Soomaaliyeed ee [[Warsangali]] *[[Abu Bakr Qecchin]] ee Saldanadda Adal *[[Sidi Maxamed]], ayeeyaha dadka [[Halaba people|Halaba]] *[[Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali]] ee Saldanadda Adal *[[Jama Garad Ali|Jama Cali]], madaxa qabiilka Soomaaliyeed ee [[Dhulbahante]] *[[Hassan Enjamo]] ee dadka [[Kebena people|Kebena]] *[[Aze (taliye)|Aze]] ee [[Saldanaddii Hadiya|Hadiya]] *[[Garad Abdiqani Garad Jama|Abdiqani Jama]], garaadkii guud ee qabiilka [[Dhulbahante]] iyo mid ka mid ah saxiixayaasha [[Baaqa Madaxbannaanida Somaliland|bayaanada madaxbannaanida Somaliland]] *Garaad Xirsi Faarax Xirsi ([[Wiil Waal]]), Garaadkii 17-aad ee [[Absame]] == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ugaas]] * [[Malak (cinwaan)|Malak]] == Tixraacyada == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Geeska Afrika]] [[Category:Taariikhda Darfur]] [[Category:Bulshada Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Saldanaddii Adal]] [[Category:Cinwaannada boqortooyada]] [[Category:Cinwaannada sharafta leh]] [[Category:Cinwaannada hoggaanka qaran ama qowmiyadeed]] [[Category:Dadweynaha la doortay]] [[Category:Madaxda dowladaha]] blp7t3d5ubpmvlpmahsj8p8baevaa45 10 18948 309545 154692 2026-09-24T18:35:30Z Isma4l 41797 309545 wikitext text/x-wiki ^{<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}|correct |&nbsp;{{tick|7}} |&nbsp;{{xmark|7}}{{main other |[[Category:Articles with changed InChI identifier{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}|changed||{{!}}?}}]] }}}}<!-- -->{{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|}}}}} |=|chemspider=|??= |#default=&#91;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation|{{#if:1|{{{2|}}}}}]]&#93;}}<!-- -->}{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}blah|blah|[[Category:Chembox and Drugbox articles with a broken CheMoBot template]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6ynkykr8lgym19hmb8cbulnm1c2vxbi 10 20976 309579 163635 2026-09-24T19:02:14Z Isma4l 41797 309579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|{{{code|{{{1}}}}}}|lang="{{{lang|{{{2|text}}}}}}"|{{#ifeq:{{{border|}}}|no|style="border: none !important"}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- This template's categories are added at the /doc subpage. Not here. Thanks. --> </noinclude> 1hdhalftmcb4dw994xcs5qqlsimsvq7 10 21874 309387 167973 2026-09-24T14:28:10Z Isma4l 41797 309387 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:str rightc|rightc}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 0qv0wcxn42h7xzcrv9awc8tmuda0wtv 10 30297 309393 200400 2026-09-24T14:34:37Z Isma4l 41797 309393 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:String|replace|source={{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|plain={{safesubst:#if:{{{plain|}}}|{{{plain}}}|true}}|count={{{count|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> r178n7opmwh460jjikowaqng5m5fzrn 10 31853 309410 207788 2026-09-24T14:45:53Z Isma4l 41797 309410 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><templatestyles src="Template:Fake link/styles.css" />{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{Error|[[Template:Dummy reference]] is only for use in template documentation, guidelines and other Wikipedia-internal purposes. Do not use it in actual articles.}}[[Category:Articles with dummy references]]|<sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[{{#ifeq:{{yes/no|{{{txtital|}}}}}|yes|<span style="font-style:italic">}}{{#if:{{{txtcol|}}}|<span style="color:{{{txtcol|}}}">}}{{{1|1}}}{{#if:{{{txtcol|}}}|</span>}}{{#ifeq:{{yes/no|{{{txtital|}}}}}|yes|</span>}}]</sup>}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 3828y1r2mkmf07ivpxy6vai4mywogwe 0 36921 309493 309207 2026-09-24T17:30:23Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox peninsulas | name = | local_name = | image = Geographic map of Balkan Peninsula.svg | image_caption = Geographical map of the Balkan Peninsula | image_alt = The Balkan Peninsula according to Prof. R. J. Crampton | locator_map = | mapframe-zoom = 4 | location = Koon-bari Bari [[Europe]] | coordinates = | highest_mount = [[Musala]] ([[Bulgaria]]) | elevation_m = 2925 | country = [[#Definitions and boundaries|Eeg hoose]] | demonym = }} Erayga '''Balkan''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɔː|l|k|ən|z}}) {{respell|BAWL|kənz}}, ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɒ|l|k|ən|z}}) {{respell|BOL|kənz}} </ref>), oo qayb ahaan u dhigma '''Jasiiradda Balkan''', waa deegaan juqraafi ah oo ku yaalla [[southeastern Europe|koon-bari Bari Yurub]] oo leh qeexitaanno juqraafi iyo taariikheed oo kala duwan.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7BakAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA116 |first1=Colin S. |last1=Gray |first2=Geoffrey |last2=Sloan |title=Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy |access-date=10 November 2014 |isbn=9781135265021 |year=2014|publisher=Routledge }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Balkans |title=Balkans |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2017-12-13 |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517055138/https://www.britannica.com/place/Balkans |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Schaefer2008">{{cite book |author=Richard T. Schaefer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMUola6pDnkC&pg=PT181 |title=Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society |publisher=Sage |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4129-2694-2 |page=129}}</ref> Gobolku magaciisa wuxuu ka qaataa [[Balkan Mountains|Buuraha Balkan]] ee dherisan dhammaan [[Bulgaria]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Niktalab |first=Poopak |author-link=Poopak NikTalab |title=Over the Alps: History of Children and Youth Literature in Europe |publisher=Faradid Publisher |year=2024 |isbn=9786225740457 |edition=1st |location=Tehran, Iran |pages=6 |language=fa}}</ref> Jasiiradda Balkan waxaa xudduud la leh [[Adriatic Sea]] oo dhanka waqooyi-galbeed kaga beegan, [[Ionian Sea]] oo dhanka koon-galbeed kaga beegan, [[Aegean Sea]] oo dhanka koonfureed kaga beegan, [[Turkish Straits]] oo dhanka bari kaga beegan, iyo [[Black Sea]] oo dhanka waqooyi-bari kaga beegan. Xudduuda waqooyi ee [[peninsula|jasiiradda]] waxaa loo qeexaa si kala duwan.<ref name="DaskalovMishkova2017">{{cite book |author=Alexander Vezenkov |editor=Roumen Dontchev Daskalov, Tchavdar Marinov |title=Entangled Histories of the Balkans – Volume Four: Concepts, Approaches, and (Self-) Representations |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R3cEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA141 |year=2017 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-33782-4 |pages=115–256 |chapter=Entangled Geographies of the Balkans: The Boundaries of the Region and the Limits of the Discipline}}</ref> Meesha ugu sarreysa ee Balkans waa [[Musala]], {{convert|2925|m}}, oo ku taalla silsiladda buuraleyda [[Rila]], Bulgaria. Fikradda Jasiiradda Balkan waxaa abuuray juqraafiyaha Jarmalka ah [[August Zeune]] sannadkii 1808,<ref name="Tomic2006">{{cite book |author=Olga M. Tomic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFWOYUHULgsC&pg=PA35 |title=Balkan Sprachbund Morpho-Syntactic Features |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4020-4488-5 |page=35}}</ref> kaasoo si khaldan u tixgeliyey Buuraha Balkan inay yihiin n galka buuraleyda ee ugu muhiimsan koon-bari Bari Yurub ee ka soo fidaya Badda Adriatic ilaa Badda Madow. Qarnigii 19-aad ereyga ''Jasiiradda Balkan'' wuxuu ahaa mid la macne ah [[Rumelia]], qaybaha Yurub ee ahaa gobollada [[Ottoman Empire|Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta]] xilligaas. Wax lahayd qeexitaan siyaasadeed intii ay ahaan lahayd mid juqraafi ah, taas oo sii xoogaysatay intii lagu jiray [[creation of Yugoslavia|aasaaskii Yugoslaafiya]] horraantii qarnigii 20-aad. Qeexitaanka xudduudaha dabiiciga ah ee Jasiiradda Balkan ma waafaqsana qeexitaanka farsamo ee jasiiradda; sidaas darteed juqraafaayeyaasha casriga ah waxay diidaan fikradda Jasiiradda Balkan, halka culimada taariikhdu ay badanaa kaga hadlaan Balkans sidii gobol. Eraygani wuxuu helay macne sumcad xumo iyo aflagaado ah oo la xiriira habka [[Balkanization]].<ref name="DaskalovMishkova2017"/><ref name="BideleuxJeffries2007">{{cite book |author1=Robert Bideleux |author2=Ian Jeffries |title=The Balkans: A Post-Communist History |url=https://archive.org/details/balkanspostcommu0000bide |url-access=registration |year=2007 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-58328-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/balkanspostcommu0000bide/page/n22 1]–3}}</ref> Gobolka waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeri karaa [[Southeast Europe|Yurubta Koon-bari Bari]]. Xudduudaha qaranka ee Balkans, oo ay sabab u tahay qeexitaanno badan oo is khilaafaya, waa kuwo aad loogu murmo, iyada oo aan jirin heshiis caalami ah oo ku saabsan qaybaha ay ka kooban tahay. Sida ku cad qeexitaannada badankood, ereygu wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Albania]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]] (oo keliya aagga koonfureed ee wabiyada [[Sava]] iyo [[Kupa]]), dhulka weyn ee [[Greece]], [[Kosovo]], [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Romania]] (oo keliya [[Northern Dobruja]]), [[Serbia]] (oo keliya aagga koonfureed ee wabiga [[Danube]]), [[Slovenia]] (qiyaasta hoose ee koon-galbeed) iyo [[East Thrace]] ee ku taalla [[Turkey]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qeexitaanno kale oo ballaaran ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ku jira dhulka harsan ee Romania iyo Serbia. Intaa waxaa dheer, qeexitaanno qaar ayaa waxaa ku jira [[Hungary]] iyo [[Moldova]] sababo la xiriira arrimo dhaqameed iyo kuwo taariikheed. [[province of Trieste|Gobolka Trieste]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Italy]], inkasta oo qeexitaanno qaar ay ku taallo jasiiradda juqraafiyaha ah, haddana guud ahaan waa laga saaray Balkans marka laga eego xaalad goboleed. ==Magaca== ===Asalka erayga=== Asalka erayga ''Balkan'' waa mid aan caddayn; waxaa laga yaabaa inay la xiriirto luqadda [[Turkish language|Turkish]] {{lang|tr|bālk}} 'dhiiqo' (laga soo bilaabo Proto-Turkic *''bal'' 'dhiiqo, dhoobo; walax culus ama dhegdheg leh', eeg sidoo kale Turkic [[:en:wiktionary:Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bạl|bal]] 'malab'), iyo suufijinta Turkish ''-an'' 'kayn dhiiqo leh'<ref>Current Trends in Altaic Linguistics; [https://www.academia.edu/5693478/European%20Balkan%20s%20Turkic%20bal%20yk%20and%20the%20problem%20of%20their%20original%20meanings European Balkan(s), Turkic bal(yk) and the Problem of Their Original Meanings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710141315/https://www.academia.edu/5693478/European%20Balkan%20s%20Turkic%20bal%20yk%20and%20the%20problem%20of%20their%20original%20meanings |date=10 July 2022 }}, Marek Stachowski, Jagiellonian University, p. 618.</ref> ama [[Persian language|Faaris]] ''bālā-khāna'' 'guri weyn oo sarreeya'.<ref name="Todorova 1997 27" /> Waxaa loo isticmaali jiray inta badan xilligii [[Ottoman Empire|Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta]]. Labada [[Ottoman Turkish]] iyo [[Turkish language|Turkish-ka casriga ah]], ''{{lang|tr|balkan}}'' waxaa loola jeedaa 'silsilad buuro kaymo leh'.<ref name="Balkan.">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/balkan.html |title=Balkan |encyclopedia=Encarta World English Dictionary |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |access-date=31 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110000315/http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/balkan.html |archive-date=10 January 2007 |url-status=dead}} {{Wayback|url=http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/balkan.html |date=20090412052903 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Büyük Türkçe Sözlük |title=balkan |publisher=Türk Dil Kurumu |url=http://www.tdkterim.gov.tr/bts/ |quote=Sarp ve ormanlık sıradağ |language=tr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825034714/http://www.tdkterim.gov.tr/bts/ |archive-date=25 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kélékian |first=Diran |title=Dictionnaire Turc-Français |publisher=Mihran |year=1911 |pages=247 |language=fr |chapter=بالقان balqan |quote=Chaîne de montagnes couveres de forêts. ''Geogr.'' Le mont Hæmus; le Balkan.}}</ref> ===Magacyadii taariikhiga ahaa iyo macnaha=== ====Laga soo bilaabo qadiimiga ilaa qarniyadii dhexe ee horraanta==== Gobolka maanta loo yaqaanno Balkans waa inta badan [[Danube civilisation|ilbaxnimadii duqda ahayd ee Danube]] (taas oo ahayd tii ugu da'da weynayd Yurub),<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tiLoDwAAQBAJ|title=The Mystery of the Danube Civilisation|last1=Haarmann|first1=Harald|publisher=Marix Verlag|date=2020|isbn=9783843806466}}</ref> oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno ilbaxnimadii [[Old Europe (archaeology)|Yurubta Duqda ah]], taas oo gaartay heerkeedii ugu sarreeyay int u dhaxaysay 5000 iyo 3500 C.H.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFEARIQ6zYoC|title=The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC|date=2010|isbn=9780691143880|last1=Anthony|first1=David|editor-last1=Anthony|editor-first1=David|editor-last2=Chi|editor-first2=Jennifer|publisher=New York University, Institute for the Study of the Ancient World|pages=29}}</ref> {{Anchor|Haemus}}Laga soo bilaabo [[classical antiquity|xilligii qadiimiga ahaa ee classic]] ilaa [[Middle Ages|Qarniyadii Dhexe]], Buuraha Balkan waxaa loogu yeeri jiray magaca [[Thracians|Thracian]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VDoQAQAAMAAJ&q=hemus+thracian+name |title=Bulgaria |page=54 |work=Hemus – a Thracian name |publisher=Indiana University |year=1986}}</ref> ee [[Haemus]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Balkan Studies|date=1986|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEJpAAAAMAAJ&q=thracian+sama+greek+haemus}}</ref> Sida ku cad khuraafaadka Giriigga, boqorka [[Thrace|Thracian]] [[Haemus]] waxaa [[Zeus]] u beddelay buur ciqaab ahaan buurtiina waxay ku hartay magaciisii.<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' 6.87–89</ref> Nidaam magac oo roon ayaa sidoo kale la soo jeediyay. D. Dechev wuxuu u arkaa in Haemus (Αἷμος) laga soo qaatay erayga [[Thracian language|Thracian]] ''*saimon'', oo macnaheedu yahay 'dhabarka buurta'.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Decev |first1=D |title=Balkan Studies |date=1986 |publisher=University of Michigan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEJpAAAAMAAJ&q=thracian+sama+greek+haemus |access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref> Suurtagalnimada saddexaad ayaa ah in "Haemus" ({{lang|grc|Αἵμος}}) uu ka soo jeedo erayga Giriigga ah ee ''haima'' ({{lang|grc|αἷμα}}) oo macnaheedu yahay 'dhiig'. Khuraafaadku wuxuu la xiriiraa dagaal dhex maray [[Zeus]] iyo bahalkii/ninkii weynaa ee [[Typhon]]. Zeus wuxuu dhaawacay Typhon oo wata hillaac dhiiggii Typhonna wuxuu ku dhacay buuraha, taas oo siiyay magacooda.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900870232069|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900870232069/page/20 20]|quote=Haemus bloody zeus typhon.|title=Gods and Heroes of the Greeks: The Library of Apollodorus|publisher=Univ of Massachusetts Press|access-date=12 September 2014|isbn=978-0870232060|last1=Apollodorus|year=1976}}</ref> ====Qarniyadii Dhexe ee dambe iyo xilligii Cusmaaniyiinta==== Xusidda ugu horreysa ee magaca waxay ka muuqataa khariidad Carabi ah oo qarnigii 14-aad ah, taas oo [[Haemus Mons|Buuraha Haemus]] loogu yeero ''Balkan''.<ref name="Dobrev 1989">{{cite book | title = Проиcхождение географического названия Балкан – Sixieme Congres international d'etudes du Sud-Est Europeen |language=fr | first= Ivan | last = Dobrev | publisher = Ed.de l'Académie bulgare des Sciences | year = 1989 | location = Sofia | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jxYZnQEACAAJ }}</ref> Markii ugu horreysay ee la xaqiijiyo in magaca "Balkan" loo isticmaalay Galbeedka silsiladda buuraleyda ee [[Bulgaria]] waxay ahayd warqad la diray 1565 oo loo diray Pope [[Pope Innocent VIII|Innocent VIII]] waxaa qoray [[Filippo Buonaccorsi]], oo ahaa aqoonyahan Talyaani ah, qoraa iyo diblomaasi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Todorova |first=Maria |author-link=Maria Todorova |title=[[Imagining the Balkans]] |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-538786-5 |page=22}}</ref> [[Ottoman Turks|Cusmaaniyiintu]] waxay marka ugu horreysa ku xuseen dukumenti taariikhdiisu tahay 1565.<ref name="Todorova 1997 27" /> Ma jirin wax isticmaal ah oo kale oo la diiwaangeliyey oo eraygan loogu isticmaalay in lagu tixraaco gobolka ka hor inta aan la gaarin waqtigaas, inkasta oo qabiilooyin kale oo Turkic ah ay horay ugu degeen ama ay soo mareen gobolka.<ref name="Todorova 1997 27">{{cite book | title = Imagining the Balkans | first=Maria N. | last =Todorova | publisher = Oxford University Press, Inc. | year = 1997 | location = New York | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-EuFwLQhvYMC&pg=PA27 | page=27| isbn=9780195087512 }}</ref> Waxaa sidoo kale jirta sheegasho ku saabsan asal hore oo [[Oghuric languages|Bulgar]] Turkic ah oo erayga ka mid ah oo caan ka ah Bulgaria, si kastaba ha ahaatee waa sheegasho aan cilmiyeysnayn oo keliya.<ref name="Todorova 1997 27" /> Erayga waxaa ay Cusmaaniyiintu u isticmaaleen [[Rumelia]] macnihiisa guud ee buurta, sida ku jirta ''Kod̲j̲a-Balkan'', ''Čatal-Balkan'', iyo ''Ungurus-Balkani̊'', laakiin gaar ahaan waxaa lagu dabaqay buurta Haemus.<ref>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Editors: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online Reference Works.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/balkan-SIM_1152?s.num=309&s.start=300|title=Balkan – Brill Reference|website=Brillonline.com|date=2012-04-24|last1=Inalcık|first1=Halil|archive-date=18 May 2015|access-date=7 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518074444/http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/balkan-SIM_1152?s.num=309&s.start=300|url-status=live}}</ref> Magacu weli wuxuu ku sugan yahay [[Central Asia|Aasiyada Dhexe]] oo wata [[Balkan Daglary]] (Buuraha Balkan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://land.worldcitydb.com/balkhan_mountains_3522246.html |title=Balkan Mountains |work=World Land Features Database |publisher=Land.WorldCityDB.com |access-date=31 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228223148/http://land.worldcitydb.com/balkhan_mountains_3522246.html |archive-date=28 February 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyo [[Balkan Region]] ee [[Turkmenistan]]. Safarka Ingiriiska ah [[John Bacon Sawrey Morritt]] ayaa ku soo bandhigay eraygan suugaanta Ingiriiska dhamaadkii qarnigii 18-aad, qoraaya kalena waxay bilaabeen inay magaca ku dabaqaan aagga ballaaran ee u dhexeeya Badda Adriatic iyo Badda Madow. Fikradda "Balkans" waxaa abuuray juqraafiyaha Jarmalka ah [[August Zeune]] sannadkii 1808,<ref>{{cite web|last=Pavic|first=Silvia|url=http://geography.about.com/library/misc/ucbalkans.htm|title=Some Thoughts About The Balkans|publisher=About, Inc.|date=22 November 2000|access-date=31 March 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080228230925/http://geography.about.com/library/misc/ucbalkans.htm| archive-date= 28 February 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> kaasoo si khaldan u tixgeliyey nidaamka buuraleyda dhexe ee Yurubta Koon-bari oo ka soo fidaya Badda Adriatic ilaa Badda Madow.<ref name="Somek15"/><ref name="Altić11"/><ref name="DaskalovMishkova2017"/> Intii lagu jiray 1820-meeyadii, "Balkan wuxuu noqday erayga la door biday inkasta oo aanu weli ahayn mid gaar ah oo ay weheliso Haemus oo ay isticmaali jireen dadka safarka ah ee Ingiriiska... Dadka safarka ah ee Ruushka ee aan culayska ku hayn toponymy-ga qadiimiga ah, Balkan wuxuu ahaa erayga la door biday".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Todorova |first=Maria |title=Imagining the Balkans |url=https://archive.org/details/imaginingbalkans0000todo |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=9780195087512 |page=[https://archive.org/details/imaginingbalkans0000todo/page/24 24]}}</ref> Buugaagta Yurub ee la daabacay ilaa dhammaadkii 1800-meeyadii waxaa sidoo kale loogu yiqiin Jasiiradda Illyrian ama Illyrische Halbinsel ee Jarmalka.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5RhYAAAAcAAJ |title=Illyrische Halbinsel |year=1851}}</ref> ===Isbeddelka macnaha qarniyadii 19-aad iyo 20-aad=== [[File:Cvijic, Jovan - Breisemeister, William A. - Carte ethnographique de la Péninsule balkanique (pd).jpg |thumb|265px|Khariidadda Jasiiradda Balkan ee laga soo bilaabo 1918 oo si weyn ugu saleysan [[Jovan Cvijić]]]]Erayga si caadi ah looma isticmaali jirin suugaanta juqraafiyada illaa badhtamihii qarnigii 19-aad sababtoo ah, markaas horeba, saynisyahano sida [[Carl Ritter]] waxay ka digeen in qaybta koonfureed ee Buuraha Balkan oo keliya loo tixgeliyo inay tahay jasiirad waxayna ku taliyeen in loo bixiyo "Jasiiradda Giriigga". Juqraafiyeyaasha kale ee caanka ah ee aan ku raacsanayn Zeune waxay ahaayeen [[Hermann Wagner (geographer)|Hermann Wagner]], [[Theobald Fischer]], [[Marion Newbigin]], iyo [[Albrecht Penck]], halka diblomaasiga Austria [[Johann Georg von Hahn]], sannadkii 1869, isla dhulkaas, uu isticmaalay erayga ''Südosteuropäische Halbinsel'' ('Jasiiradda Yurubta Koon-bari'). Sabab kale oo aan si weyn loogu aqbalin sida qeexitaanka [[East Thrace|Turkida Yurub]] ee xilligaas ay ahayd inay lahayd baaxad dhul oo la mid ah.{{clarify|date=April 2025}} Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib [[Congress of Berlin|Shirweynihii Berlin]] (1878) waxaa jirtay baahi siyaasadeed oo loo qabay eray cusub oo tartiib tartiib ah "Balkans" dib loogu soo nooleeyay, laakiin khariirado badan, xudduuda waqooyi waxay ahayd Serbia iyo Montenegro isla markaana Giriiggu ma jirin (waxay muujinaysaa oo keliya qaybaha Yurub ee ay markaas hayssteen Cusmaaniyiintu), halka khariiradaha Yugoslaafiyana ay ku jireen Croatia iyo Bosnia. Xilligaas, ''Jasiiradda Balkan'' sidoo kale waxaa loo fahmay inay tahay mid la macne ah [[Rumelia]] ama ''Turkiga Yurub'', iyo, macnaheeda ugu ballaaran, waxay daboolaysay xudduudaha dhammaan gobollada hore ee Cusmaaniyiinta ee Yurub.<ref name="DaskalovMishkova2017"/><ref name="Altić11"/><ref name="VezenkovIWM06">{{cite journal |last=Vezenkov |first=Alexander |date=2006 |title=History against Geography: Should We Always Think of the Balkans As Part of Europe? |url=http://www.iwm.at/publications/5-junior-visiting-fellows-conferences/vol-xxi/alexander-vezenkov/ |journal=Junior Visiting Fellows' Conferences |volume=XXI |issue=4 |access-date=5 January 2018 |archive-date=24 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224123749/http://www.iwm.at/publications/5-junior-visiting-fellows-conferences/vol-xxi/alexander-vezenkov/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Isticmaalka eraygu wuxuu isbeddelay dhammaadkii qarnigii 19-aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 20-aad, markii ay qaateen juqraafiyeyaasha Serbia, ugu caansanaa [[Jovan Cvijić]].<ref name="Somek15"/> Waxaa lagu sameeyay sababayn siyaasadeed oo caddayn u ah [[Serbian nationalism|Waddaniyadda Serbia]] ee dhulka oo dhan ee [[South Slavs|Slawga Koonfureed]], waxaana sidoo kale ku jiray daraasado anthropologi iyo etnologi ah oo ku saabsan Slawga Koonfureed oo lagu sheegtay aragtiyo waddaniyadeed iyo jinsiyeed oo kala duwan.<ref name="Somek15"/> Siyaasadaha caynkaas ah iyo khariiradaha Yugoslaafiyada erayga waxaa loo sarreeysiiyay heerka casriga ah ee gobol juqraafi ah.<ref name="Altić11"/> Eraygu wuxuu helay tilmaamo waddaniyadeed siyaasadeed oo ka fog macnihiisa juqraafi ee bilowga ah,<ref name="DaskalovMishkova2017"/> oo ka soo unkamay isbeddelladii siyaasadeed ee dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad ilaa abuuritaanka [[World War I|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]] ka dib [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] (bilowgii [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Boqortooyada Serbs, Croats iyo Slovenes]] 1918).<ref name="Altić11"/> Ka dib [[Breakup of Yugoslavia|kala diristii Yugoslaafiyada]] oo bilaabatay bishii Juun 1991, erayga ''Balkans'' wuxuu helay macne siyaasadeed oo xun, gaar ahaan Croatia iyo Slovenia, iyo sidoo kale adeegsiga caadiga ah ee adduunka oo dhan ee loogu talagalay isku dhacyada dagaalka iyo kala qaybsanaanta dhulka.<ref name="Somek15"/><ref name="Altić11"/> ===Yurubta Koon-bari Bari=== {{Main|Southeast Europe}} Qayb ahaan waxaa sabab u ah macnaha taariikhiga ah iyo kan siyaasadeed ee erayga ''Balkans'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/balkanize|title=Balkanize|publisher=merriam-webster.com}}</ref> gaar ahaan tan iyo markii ay dhaceen isku dhacyadii militariga ee 1990-meeyadii ee Yugoslaafiyada qaybteeda galbeed, erayga [[Southeast Europe|Yurubta Koon-bari Bari]] wuxuu noqonayaa mid si aad u weyn u caan baxaya.<ref name="Altić11"/><ref>{{cite book |title=A history of Eastern Europe |last=Bideleux |first=Robert |author2=Ian Jeffries |year=2007 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-36627-4 |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTB0gn_qwTcC}}</ref> Hindise ay lahayd [[European Union|Midowga Yurub]] (EU) oo soo baxay 1999 ayaa la yiraahdaa [[Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe|Heshiiska Xasiloonida ee Yurubta Koon-bari Bari]]. Wargeyska internetka ee ''Balkan Times'' ayaa dib loo magacaabay ''[[Southeast European Times]]'' sannadkii 2003.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} ===Hadda=== Luqadaha kale ee Balkans, gobolka ama jasiiradda waxaa loo yaqaanaa: * Luqadaha Slavic: ** [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] iyo {{langx|mk|Балкански Полуостров}}, oo la isticmaalay alifbeetada laatiinka: ''{{lang|mk|Balkanski Poluostrov}}'' ** [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] iyo {{langx|sr|Balkansko poluostrvo}} / {{lang|sr-cyrl|Балканско полуострво}} ** [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] iyo {{langx|hr|Balkanski poluotok}} ** {{langx|sl|Balkanski polotok}} * Luqadaha Romance: ** {{langx|rup|Peninsula Balcanicã}} ama {{lang|rup|Balcani}} ** {{langx|ro|Peninsula Balcanică}} ama {{lang|ro|Balcani}} ** {{langx|it|Penisola balcanica}} ama {{lang|it|Balcani}} * Luqadaha kale: ** {{langx|sq|Gadishulli Ballkanik}} iyo ''{{lang|sq|Siujdhesa e Ballkanit}}'' ** {{langx|el|Βαλκανική χερσόνησος}}, oo la isticmaalay alifbeetada laatiinka: ''{{lang|el|Valkaniki chersonisos}}'' ** {{langx|hu|Balkán-félsziget}} ama ''Balkán'' ** {{langx|tr|Balkan Yarımadası}} ama ''Balkanlar'' ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} b6llyt2exw81hrs6n938l0afmgx2rsy 0 39797 309595 305550 2026-09-25T05:18:30Z Muuse8 36079 309595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry| United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Dulmar Guud == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref><ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Qaybinta== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Geed qabiil== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagale) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Yonis Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud **********************Hamud Shirdon **********************Jama Shirdon **********************Geele Shirdon *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Osman Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Kalil Jibirl ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Dirie Hussien **************************Hassan Dirie **************************Aden Dirie **************************Guled Dirie ***************************Abdalle Guled ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Jama Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Osman Abdi **********************Dalal Abdi **********************Ismail Abdi **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Adan Mohamed ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Shacab caan ah== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Aadan Mooge Hirsi– was a respected SNM freedom fighter and intellectuals * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 21o640pkomxz36zxo4o4etbijthg1xb 309597 309595 2026-09-25T05:38:13Z Muuse8 36079 /* Geed qabiil */ 309597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry| United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Dulmar Guud == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref><ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Qaybinta== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Geed qabiil== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagale) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Yonis Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud **********************Hamud Shirdon **********************Jama Shirdon **********************Geele Shirdon *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Osman Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Kalil Jibirl ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Dirie Hussien **************************Hassan Dirie **************************Aden Dirie **************************Guled Dirie ***************************Abdalle Guled ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Jama Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour *************************Omar Mohamed *************************Sharmake Mohamed *************************Jama Mohamed ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Osman Abdi **********************Dalal Abdi **********************Ismail Abdi **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Adan Mohamed ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Shacab caan ah== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Aadan Mooge Hirsi– was a respected SNM freedom fighter and intellectuals * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} a8h9cela3kousmx75keoxowrd777gjz 309602 309597 2026-09-25T05:45:28Z Muuse8 36079 /* Geed qabiil */ 309602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry| United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Dulmar Guud == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref><ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Qaybinta== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Geed qabiil== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagale) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Yonis Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud **********************Hamud Shirdon **********************Jama Shirdon **********************Geele Shirdon *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Osman Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Kalil Jibirl ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ahmed Aden ************************Ali Aden *************************Eiye Aden *************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Dirie Hussien **************************Hassan Dirie **************************Aden Dirie **************************Guled Dirie ***************************Abdalle Guled ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Jama Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour *************************Omar Mohamed *************************Sharmake Mohamed *************************Jama Mohamed ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Osman Abdi **********************Dalal Abdi **********************Ismail Abdi **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Adan Mohamed ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Shacab caan ah== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Aadan Mooge Hirsi– was a respected SNM freedom fighter and intellectuals * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} d1iva9uqfl0zp7cau0w9nnbgagvervy 0 39883 309525 307238 2026-09-24T17:50:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac | group = Geri Koombe <br> جرئ كومبي <!-- [[WP:NOETHNICGALLERIES]] --> | flag = [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|60px]] | langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] | rels = [[Islam|Islaam]] | related-c = [[Majeerteen]], [[Dhulbahante]], [[Warsangali]], [[Mareexaan]], [[Ogaden|Ogaadeen]] iyo kooxaha kale ee [[Darod|Daarood]]. }} '''Geri Koombe''' ({{langx|so|Geri Koombe}}, {{langx|ar|جرئ كومبي}} ) waa meherad ama laag ka mid ah [[Darod|Daarood]], oo ah [[Somali clan|qabiil Soomaaliyeed]] oo taariikhi ah kana mid ah kuwii ugu horreeyay ee laga qoray nidaamka [[Garad|Garaadnimada]]. Qabiilka Geri wuxuu dhaliyay xubno caan ah sida Axmed Gurey<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cerulli |first=Enrico |title=Somalia: Storia della Somalia. L'Islām in Somalia. Il Libro degli Zengi |date=1957 |publisher=Istituto poligrafico dello Stato P.V. |language=Italian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Enciclopedia italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti |date=1950 |publisher=Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondata da Biovanni Freccani |volume=32}}</ref> iyo seedigiis [[Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan.]] Waagii [[Early Middle Ages|Qarniyadii Dhexe ee Horraanta]], Boqortooyada [[Gidaya]] ayaa u soo baxday maamul xoog leh qarnigii 12aad, iyadoo markii dambe noqotay maamul madax-bannaan oo isbahaysi la lahaa Saldaynada Cadal. Qoraagii [[Arab|Carabta]] ee qarnigii 13aad ee [[Al-Mufaddal ibn Abi al-Fada'il|al-Mufaḍḍal]] wuxuu diiwaangeliyay boqor Geri ah oo xukumi jiray Gidaya oo ka talinayay Shewa kaasto oo loo vocab gooyay Yuusuf ibn Aarsame<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> Qoraallada gacanta ee Carabta waxay sidoo kale xuseen xakim ka dambeeyay oo loo yaqaannay Sihab al-Din Gidaya Girri, oo loo aqoonsanaa hogaamiyaha iyo xakinkii guud ee Gidaya <ref name=":4">{{cite book |last1=Braukamper |first1=Ulrich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGnyk8Pg9NgC&dq=gidaya+hubat&pg=PA34 |title=Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia |publisher=Lit |year=2002 |isbn=9783825856717 |page=34}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir ʻArabfaqīh |first=Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad |title=The Conquest of Abyssinia: 16th Century |date=2013 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors |isbn=9780972317269 |pages=125 |language=Arabic |trans-title=English}}</ref> Geri Koombe waxay caan ku yihiin qabsashadii buuraha Masiixiyiinta ee Xabashida qarnigii 16aad iyagoo horkacayay qabsashadii [[Ethiopian Empire|Xabashida]] taas oo sababtay [[islamisation|islaaminta]] ku dhawaad ilaa helkeedii Itoobiya iyo go siege-gii Aksum. Telo qarni ka dib, baadhaha Ingiriiska ah ee Sir Richard Burton ayaa yimid dalka Geri. Sannadkii 1858, Garaad Aadan wuxuu ahaa hogaamiyaha wuxuuna maamulayay dhulka u dhexeeya Jigjiga iyo Herer, wuxuuna lahaa 5,000 oo ciidan ah. Waqooyiga Jigjiga waxaa maamulayay Garaad Aadan, dhanka koonfureedna waxaa maamulayay Garaad Xirsi oo Bertire ah. Sida uu sheegay Richard Burton, [[Garad Adan Bin Kooshin|Garaad Aadan]] wuxuu xiriir leeyahay Amiir Nuur oo ahaa xakimkii Herer. == Boqortooyada Gidaya qarnigii 12aad - 14aad == [[File:Harladomain.jpg|thumb]] Aaditaanka Islaamku wuxuu fududeeyay soo bixitaanka boqortooyooyin Muslim ah oo ka curtay Geeska Afrika, Gidaya waxay kor u ulayeysay ganacsiga gudaha oo gaarayay ilaa magaalada maanta ee [[Addis Ababa]], taasi oo si buuxda u waafaqsan raadadka baadhayaasha Ingiriiska ee xaqiijiyay in kooxaha Soomaalida ay maamulayeen buuraha Itoobiya<ref name=":6" /> Qarnigii 13aad qoraagii [[Arab|Carabta]] ee [[Al-Mufaddal ibn Abi al-Fada'il|al-Mufaḍḍal]] wuxuu xusay boqorkii Gidaya oo xukunkiisa fextension-siiyay ilaa Shewa<ref name=":6">{{cite book |last1=Hirsch |first1=Bertrand |url=https://books.openedition.org/cfee/714 |title=The port of Zeyla and its hinterland in the Middle Ages |chapter=2. Le port de Zeyla et son arrière-pays au Moyen Âge : Investigations archéologiques et retour aux sources écrites |series=Annales d'Éthiopie Hors-Série / Special Issues |date=2011 |pages=27–74 |publisher=French Center for Ethiopian Studies|isbn=978-2-8218-8265-2 }}</ref> Sida uu sheegay Dr. Lapiso Delebo boqortooyada Gidaya waxay ka mid ahayd dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee si dhakhso ah ugu zhilaacay [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]] qarniyadii 9aad ilaa 14aad<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dilebo |first1=Lapiso |url=https://emu.tind.io/record/42082?ln=en |title=An introduction to Ethiopian history from the Megalithism Age to the Republic, circa 13000 B.C. to 2000 A.D. |date=2003 |publisher=Commercial Printing Enterprise|oclc=318904173 }}</ref> Qoraagii Cadal ee qarnigii 16aad [[Shihab al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Sālim ibn ʿUthmān|Carab Faqiih]], wuxuu xusay in Boqortooyada Gidaya ay ka mid ahayd ciidankii [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed ibn Ibraahim al-Ghaazi]] waagii [[Ethiopian-Adal war|Dagaalkii Xabashida iyo Cadal]]<ref name=":5">{{cite book |last1=Tamrat |first1=Taddesse |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965996 |title=Review: Place Names in Ethiopian History |date=November 1991 |publisher=Journal of Ethiopian Studies |page=120 |jstor=41965996}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Oliver |first1=Roland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWjxR61xAe0C&dq=geday+cambridge&pg=PA170 |title=The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050 |date=1975 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521209816 |page=170}}</ref> Ulrich Braukamper wuxuu sidoo kale sheegay in Gidaya ay xiriir la leedahay qabiilka Geri ee [[Somali people|Soomaalida]] ee lagu xusay Futuux al-Xabasha kuwaas oo maanta dega agagaarka [[Jigjiga]], oo ah goobta loo malaynayo in ay ahayd dawladdii Gidaya.<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":3"/> == Saldaynada Cadal qarnigii 16aad == {{main|Adal Sultanate|Somali aristocratic and court titles}} ===Xiriirka qoyska=== [[File:Gragne.jpg|thumb|Taallada Axmed Gurey (Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi)]] Imaam Axmed wuxuu ka dhashay Reer Ibraahim, oo ah mid ka mid ah laagaha ugu waaweyn ee Geri Koombe. Wuxuu ku dhashay Tuuli Guuleed, oo ah magaalo caan ku ah Geri Koombe oo dhowr meelood u jirta Jigjiga halkaas oo ay ku yaallaan harraadka masaajidkiisa. Sido kale, Imaam Axmed walaashiis oo la dhihi jiray Fardowsa waxay u dhoptay [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan ibn Couthmaan Al Soomaali]] oo ka dhashay Reer Maxamuud ee Geri Koombe, isagoo isla markaana ahaa jeneraal laga cabsado oo ka qayb qaatay Jihaadyo badan, taas oo jeneraalka ka dhigtay seediga imaamka iyo jeneraal aamin u ah ciidankiisa. Waxaa sii dheer, Geri Koombe waxay ahaayeen kuwii ugu horreeyay ee qaabila baaqii jihaadka iyagoo ahaa taageerayaashii ugu waaweynaa ee jihaadkii. Sababtan darteed, waxaa la sheegay in qabiilka Geri Koombe uu lahaa sababo uga badan kuwo kale oo ay jihaadka ku galaan.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Conquest Of Abyssinia |isbn=9780972317252 |pages=44 |language=English |last1=Pankhurst |first1=Richard |date=July 2003 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Hassan Ali Jama wuxuu qoray:<blockquote>Imaam Axmed Gurey wuxuu riday maamulkii "Sa'daddin ee Berbera sababo la xiriira dib-u-habayn diimeed ka hor inta uusan bilaabin kacdoonkii Islaamiga ahaa ee ka dhanka ahaa boqortooyadii Masiixiga ahayd ee Xabashida. Qabiillada Soomaaliyeed, gaar ahaan Geri Koombe oo ka tirsan Daarood oo noqday ehelkiisa tooska ah, waxay barbar taagnaayeen iyagoo taageerayay tillaabo kasta oo uu qaado <ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Ali Jama |title=Who Cares about Somalia |publisher=Schiler |year=2013 |isbn=9783899300758 |pages=86–88 |language=english}}</ref></blockquote>Qabiilka Girhi oo soo baxay. Hogaamiyahoodu wuxuu ahaa Mataan bin Couthmaan bin Khaalid, oo Soomaali ahaa. Waxay muujiyeen hubkooda iyo gaashaandhigooda, waxay socodsiiyeen faraskooda iyagoo qaansooyinkooda ku sita garbaha markay fool-ka-fool u la kulmeen imaamka. Wuxuu amray markaas inay u dhaqaaqaan goob la yiraahdo Sim. Hogaamiyahoodu wuxuu la socday xaaskiisa, Fardawsa, oo ahayd walaashiis imaam Axmed. Wuxuuna hore u socday isaga iyo ciidankiisu.<ref name=":1" /> Dagaalkii [[Battle of Amba Sel|Amba Sel]] hogaamiyihii Geri, [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan Bin Couthmaan]] wuxuu ku shahiiday dagaalka. Markii imaamku ngheeray warkii geerida seedigiis wuu ooyay isagoo caadifadeysan wuxuuna yiri [[Istirja|Innaa lillahi wa innaa ilaihi raaji'uun]]. Imaamku wuu u duceeyay.<ref>{{Cite book |title=futuh al habesh |isbn=9780972317252 |pages=261 |last1=Pankhurst |first1=Richard |date=July 2003 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors }}</ref><blockquote>Sahaabadii Garaad Axmusa oo la jabiyay, waxay gaareen imaamka maalintii uu u socday dhanka Amba. Waxay ku waraliyeen wixii dhacay. Wuu ka murugooday geerida seedigiis Mataan, wuxuuna yiri ducadii Innaa lillahi wa innaa ilaihi raaji'uun, wuuna ooyay.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last1=Richard |first1=Pankhurst |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCHWAOyWmWcC |title=The Conquest of Abyssinia: 16th Century. |last2=ʻArabfaqīh |first2=Shihāb |date=1974 |isbn=9780972317252 |pages=261 |publisher=Lightning Source Incorporated |author-link1=Richard Pankhurst (historian) |author-link2=Shihāb ʻArabfaqīh}}</ref></blockquote> === Doorka ay ka ciyaareen Saldaynada Cadal === Geri Koombe waxay ahaayeen kuwii ugu horreeyay ee qaabila baaqii jihaadka. Waxay sidoo xaqiijiyeen hogaamiyayaal ciidan oo caan ah sida [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan ibn Couthmaan Al Soomaali]] oo ahaa seediga imaamka, faddas ka tirsanaa Saldaynada Cadal oo markii dambe u goay hogaamiye ciidan oo horkacayay unugyada Soomaalida ee dagaalka. Geri Koombe oo dhan waxay ahaayeen kuwo caan ku ah faras-fuulidda.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Conquest Of Abyssinia |isbn=9780972317252 |last1=Pankhurst |first1=Richard |date=July 2003 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors }}</ref><blockquote>Wuxuu sidoo kale ergey u diray qabiilka Girhi oo ahaa qabiilkii uu hogaamiyaha u ahaa Mataan bin 'Utmaan bin Khaalid, Soomaaliga ah, oo ahaa seedigiis kana mid ahaa faddasiinta dhiirran ee ku shahiiday dagaalkii Amba sida dambe lagu xusi doono.<ref name="auto" /> Sheeko-xariiraha, Ilaahay ha u naxariistee, wuxuu leeyahay: Dhanka bidix waxaa joogay qabiilka Soomaaliyeed ee Harti, oo ka mid ahaa dadka Meydh; dad aan guul-darrada ka baqin. Waxay ahaayeen saddex boqol oo nin, oo caan ku ahaa seef-la-duubnimada pedas-ka. Sidoo kale waxaa joogay qabiilka Yibberi, oo ahayd ilaa afar boqol oo ciidanka lugta ah, oo qaansooley ah. Imaamku wuxuu ku xiray shanta boqol oo bartamaha taagnayd, isagoo ku yiri, 'Halkaasi jooga; ninna ha ka dhaqaaqina.' Qabiilka Girhi dhan waxay ahaayeen faras-fuul, oo caan ku ah fuulitaanka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Din |first=Sihab |title=Conquest of Abyssinia |date=July 2003 |isbn=9780972317252 |pages=76 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors |language=english}}</ref></blockquote> <blockquote>Markas wuxuu [imaamku] ku xiray calan cas waran wuxuuna u dhiibay seedigiis Mataan bin 'Couthmaan bin Khaalid, Soomaaliga ah, oo ahaa hogaamiyahooda, faras-fuulkooda, iyo kan ugu dhiirran guud ahaan. Waxaa ku soo xoogay boqol iyo toban faras-fuul iyo saddex lib oo ciidanka lugta ah, iyagoo la socda qabiilka Harti, qabiilka Jairan iyo qabiilka Mazra, oo dhammaantood Soomaali ahaa.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Conquest Of Abyssinia |isbn=9780972317252 |pages=44 |language=english |last1=Pankhurst |first1=Richard |date=July 2003 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors }}</ref></blockquote> ===Doorka Hogaamineed=== Qabiilka Geri Koombe wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray hogaaminta, isagoo horkacayay unugyo badan oo Soomaali ah dagaalka. Tani waxay ka timaadday maadaama hogaamiyihii Geri Koombe uu xiriir toos ah la lahaa imaamka. [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan ibn Couthmaan Al Soomaali]] waxaa si toos ah loogu dhifaay mid ka mid ah hogaamiyayaasha ciidanka ee ugu dhiirran [[Adal Sultanate|Saldaynada Cadal]]. Imaamku wuxuu markaas soo ururiyay dhammaan qabiillada Soomaaliyeed wuxuuna u dhiibay seedigiis [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan bin Couthmaan Al Soomaali]].<ref name="auto"/><blockquote>Sidaas darteed, ka dib, Muslimiintii waxay iska caabiyeen weerarkii. Qabiilka Soomaalida wuxuu yiri waa qabiilka Xarla kan na sababay halka qabiilka Xarla uu yiri waa qabiilka Soomaalida kan na sababay Imaamku wuxuu ciidankiisa u qeybiyay saddex qeybood: dhammaan Soomaalida waxay ku jireen halka qeyb oo hogaaminteeda uu u dhiibay Mataan;<ref name="auto" /></blockquote> === Dhiirranida ka dhex jirtay Saldaynada Cadal === Qabiilka Geri Koombe wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray hogaaminta, isagoo horkacayay unugyo badan oo Soomaali ah dagaalka. Tani waxay ka timaadday maadaama hogaamiyihii Geri Koombe uu xiriir toos ah la lahaa imaamka. [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan ibn Couthmaan Al Soomaali]] waxaa si toos ah loogu dhifaay mid ka mid ah hogaamiyayaasha ciidanka ee ugu dhiirran [[Adal Sultanate|Saldaynada Cadal]]. Imaamku wuxuu markaas soo ururiyay dhammaan qabiillada Soomaaliyeed wuxuuna u dhiibay seedigiis [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan bin Couthmaan Al Soomaali]].<ref name="auto" /> Futuux waxay xustay:<blockquote> Sanam-caabudayaashii la dagaallamayay Xabashida waxay weerar kedis ah ku qaadeen Muslimiinta gaar ahaan xeradii [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan bin Couthmaan Al Soomaali]], sanam-caabudayaashu waxay ugu skheeyeen Muslimiinta iyagoo ganoonsaday gaashaan-qaansooyinkooda agagaarka [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan bin Couthmaan Al Soomaali]]. Mataan wuxuu markaas fuulay faraskiisa wuxuuna sanam-caabudayaashii u dib-u-ruqseeyay ilaa buuraha. Wax gaashaan-qaanso ah ma ahan kuwo ku dhacay Muslimiinta.<ref name="auto" /></blockquote><blockquote> Sheeko-xariiraha, Ilaaha Qaadirka ahi ha u naxariistee, wuxuu leeyahay: Markii ay afar dhudhun oo habeenka ka mid ah tagtay, waxaa ka dhacay weerar kedis ah agagaarka xerada iyadoo ay soo qaadeen sanam-caabudayaashii la dagaallamayay Muslimiinta buurta dushiisa. Waxay ku ganoonsadeen gaashaan-qaansooyinkooda agagaarka uu joogay Mataan Soomaaliga ahaa. Wuxuu fuulay faraskiisa wuxuuna ku ruqseeyay errada ilaa uu u dib-u-ruqseeyay buurta dhufeyskeeda. Markaas ka dib wuxuu u dib-u-soosocday xeradiisa. Wax gaashaan-qaanso ah ma ahan kuwo ku dhacay Muslimiinta.<ref name="auto" /></blockquote>Qabiilka Geri Koombe wuxuu ahaa midka ugu aaminraan uguna dhow imaamka maadaama ay ahaayeen ehelkiisa. Dagaal ka mid ah dagaallada qaar ka mid ah Muslimiinta ayaa ka flasday dagaalka, Qabiilka Geri iyo Jidwaaq waxay ahaayeen kuwo kaliya oo aan ka flasday dagaalka iyagoo iska caabiyay. Qoraaga futuux (oo joogay waqtigaas) wuxuu ammaanay qabiilka Geri isagoo leh waxay dagaallameen jihaad wanaagsan. Futuux waxay xustay:<blockquote>Wixii ku dhacay Muslimiinta markii dagaalku ku adkaaday waxay u dib-u-ruqsadeen flas, iyadoo gaaladu ay errodasay, waxaana lagu dilay slaughter daran. Qaar ka mid ah waa la qabtay, laakiin saddex lib oo ka mid ah ayaa ku geeriyooday. Hogaamiyayaashoodu Si kastaba waxay iska caabiyeen Mataan bin Couthmaan Soomaaliga ahaa seediga imaamka Axmed, Ilaaha Sareeya ha u naxariistee, wuxuu dagaallamay jihaad wanaagsan. Wuxuu iska caabiyay isaga iyo Axmed Girri; iyo 'Cali Garaad, oo ahaa walaalka Mataan; iyo Farasaham Tal, oo ahaa walaalka Besara iyo 'Cali Mad Jira oo ka dhashay qabiilka Mataan; iyo Xuseen Muusa Bin *Abd Allah Makida; iyo Yuusuf Latahia oo ka dhashay qabiilka Axmed Girri. Waxyaabihii ay maanta qabteen dhab ahaantii waa kuwo Ilaah leeyahay.<ref name="auto" /></blockquote> == Dilkii Guddoomiyihii Gondar == Cali Madjir oo ahaa walaalka [[Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan]] wuxuu dagaallamay dagaal daran, Dagaalkaas oo Cali Madjir uu ku dilay guddoomiyihii Bagmeder oo ah maanta Gondar oo ay degan yihiin dad badan oo Amxaaro ah. Horjoogayaashii Muslimiinta waxay ku sugnaayeen buurta waxayna qaadeen weerar, mid ka mid ah Muslimiinta wuxuu dilay Takala iyasu, Dagaalkan dhexdiisa hogaamiyayaal sare oo badan ayaa lagu dilay. 121 hogaamiye ayaa lagu dilay Cadalites-ka. Futuux Al Xabash waxay xustay: <blockquote>Hogaamiyihii Kefle guddoomiyaha Oeda, oo ahaa wiilka Takla lyasus, waxaa sidoo kale qabtay, faras-ilaaliye imaamka oo la dhihi jiray Xasan. Hogaamiyihii Giyorgis, guddoomiyaha Goijam, waxaa qabtay faras-ilaaliye Farasaham "Cali. Azmad Yeshaq, guddoomiyaha Bagemder, waxaa dilay 'Cali Mad Jira oo ka dhashay qabiilka Mataan Soomaaliga ah.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=ʻAbd al-Qādir ʻArabfaqīh |first=Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad |title=Futuh al habesh |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors |year=2003 |isbn=9780972317269 |pages=43–44 |language=English}}</ref></blockquote> == Qarnigii 18aad == [[Richard Francis Burton]] wuxuu ku deskribeeyay qabiilka Geri inuu yahay mid ka mid ah qabiillada ugu xoogga badan gobolka oo uu hogaaminayay [[Garad Adan Bin Kooshin|Garaad Aadan]] oo ahaa hogaamiye xoog leh waqtigaas, wuxuu sidoo kale sheegay in Geri ay lahaayeen ilaalino adag oo ka dhan ah Oromada oo daris la ahaa Soomaalida waqtigaas. Geri Koombe waxay lahaayeen oo ay maamulayeen dherer ahaan 180 tuulo iyagoo si helevel ah u hubeysnaa. Iyagoo lahaa 5,000 oo hub ah. Girhi ama "Twiga" ee degan buuraha waxay noqdeen sida ugu badan ee Soomaalida degan, kuwo ka dhashay Daarood oo ka soo jeeda Koombe. Waxay ka soo flasdeen Oromada ka dib, waxay si dherer ah u soo miyir-guureen dhanka galbeedka Makhar, oo ahayd guryahoodii ugu horreeyay, maanta waxay gaarayaan 5,000 oo gaashaan, waxay leeyihiin ilaa 180 tuulo, waxaa loo arkaa manaafacaadka ugu sarreeya. Inkastoo ay xiriir wanaagsan la leeyihiin [[Habr Awal|Xabar Awal]], Girhi si dhakhso ah kuma soo degaan, ilaa ay ku qasabto daaqsintu, dhanka bannaanka<ref name="Sir Burton 2010">{{Cite book |last=Sir Burton |first=Richard Francis |title=First footsteps in East Africa |date=2010 |publisher=PubOne.info |isbn=978-2-8199-0900-2 |location=[Place of publication not identified] |oclc=1100902383}}</ref> Garaad Aadan Bin Kooshin wuxuu ahaa Garaadkii ugu sarreeyay ee Geri Koombe wuxuuna si buuxda u diiwaangeliyay baadhaha Ingiriiska ah ee Richard Burton Burton wuxuu qoray:<blockquote>Garaad Aadan wuxuu ahaa mid xoog leh, maadaama uu ahaa hogaamiyaha qabiil beeraley ah, oo aan u qeybsanayn sida reer baadiyaha ah, qabiillo madax-bannaan, wuxuuna si toos ah u maamulayay races-ka gobolka Waxaa sii dheer, Richard Burton wuxuu kusoo gabagabeeyay in Geri ay ka mid ahaayeen qabiillada ugu xoogga badan Afrika ee Bariga iyagoo isbahaysi iyo [[Xiriirka|Xiriir]] la lahaa [[Marehan|Mareexaan]], sidoo kale [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaadeen]] oo ahaa qabiil xoog leh.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richard |first=Burton |title=first footsteps in east africa |isbn=978-2-8199-0900-2 |pages=359 |language=english}}</ref> Burton wuxuu xusay qabiillada ugu xoogga badan Afrika ee Bariga </blockquote><blockquote>Geeska Bariga Afrika, iyo Ogaadeen, Mareexaan waa qabiil xoog leh, halkan ma ahan mid yar, waxayna [[Xiriirka|Xiriir]] la leeyihiin Girhi. Abaskul sidoo kale waxay ku kala baahsan yihiin buuraha Herer, waxayna u aqoonsan yihiin Garaad Aadan inuu yahay hogaamiyahooda. Qabiilkan wuxuu leeyahay afar iyo toban tuulo, iyo u dhexeeya 400 iyo 500 oo gaashaan, wuxuuna u qeybsamaa Reer Yuusuf, Jibrailah<ref name="Sir Burton 2010" /></blockquote> == Kacdoonkii Geri 1912 == Kacdoonkii Geri wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah kacdoonno badan oo uu qabiilka Geri Koombe ka sameeyay boqortooyadii Itoobiya, kaas oo sababay dagaal adag oo ka dhan ah Boqortooyada Amxaarada, tani waxay ahayd kacdoon maamul ee ka dhacay qeybo waaweyn oo ka mid ah Soomaali Galbeed. Waxaa sii dheer, qabiilka Geri Koombe wuxuu si daran u iska caabiyay boqortooyadii Itoobiya.<blockquote>Soomaalidu waxay degan yihiin magaalada Herer waxayna yihiin ganacsato iyo bir-tumayaal. U dhexeysa 1936 iyo 1911 Talyaanigu wuxuu isku dayay inuu kiciyo Muslimiinta, gaar ahaan Geri Soomaalida, oo ka dhan ah Masiixiyiinta Amxaarada ee Hererge, dhulkii ay lahaayeen Amxaaradana waxaa la siiyay Soomaalida. Telo badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha, si kastaba, marka laga reebo Geri Soomaalida oo kacdoon sameeyay 1912, 1936 iyo 1952 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arthur Lipsky |first=George |date=1964 |title=Area Handbook for Ethiopia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qw9BAAAAIAAJ |journal=Area Handbook for Ethiopia}}</ref> </blockquote> == Iska caabintii Herer == Taariikh ahaan, Soomaalidu waxay deganayd Herer u dhexeysa boqollaal sano, waagii [[Menelik II]], dadka Herer waxaa lagu samaynayay cadaadis daran. boqor Menelik wuxuu rabay inuu qabsado magaalada Herer. dagaalkii adkaa dhexdiisa dadka kaliya ee ka haray inay difaacaan magaalada waxay ahaayeen Soomaalida gaar ahaan Geri Koombe oo si dhiirran u dagaallamay halka Amiir Cabdullaahi uu ka flasday Herer, Amiirku markii dambe wuxuu u dib-u-soosocday Herer wuxuuna ka raadsaday dhoofis Geri-gii ka haray madasha <blockquote>Amiirku wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu ka flasdo Herer, halkaas oo uu ka tagay habeenkiiba si uu u aado oo uu dhoofis uga raadsado hogaamiyaha qabiilka Geri ee bariga Herer, dhanka Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rimbaud |first=Arthur |title=Selected Poems and Letters |url=https://archive.org/details/selectedpoemslet0000rimb |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |date=2 September 2004 |isbn=9780141932347 |language=english}}</ref></blockquote> == Ehelka Amiirradii Herer == Waxay ahayd mid si wanaagsan loo diiwaangeliyay in Geri Koombe uu deganaa Herer taariikh ahaan uuna u dagaallamay. Garaad Aadan oo ahaa Garaad xoog leh ee Geri wuxuu lahaa [[Xiriirka|Xiriir]] dhow oo ka mid ah amiirradii Herer. waxaa sidoo kale la diiwaangeliyay in Garaad Aadan uu ehel la ahaa amiirradii Herer. Richard Burton wuxuu qoray:<blockquote>dab dhul-daaqsi ah, oo lahayd dab weyn oo ku socday buur ka mid ah oo markii dambe ku dhowaad inuu gubo dhammaan Barr- wax ka dhacay ma jirin oo xitaa kicin lahaa neerfaha Soomaalida. Dhammaan waxay si nabad ah ku gaareen Wilensi oo ahayd tuulo dherer ah oo ka tirsanayd Garaad Aadan, oo ahaa hogaamiye xoog leh ee buuraha Girhi, sida mar hore lagu sheegay, ehel la ahaa Amiirkii Herer. Garaadku wuxuu ahaa mid maqan laakiin mid ka mid ah xaaskiisa ayaa amrtay<ref>{{Cite book |last=M. Stisted |first=Georgiana |title=The True Life of Capt. Sir Richard F. BurtonThe True Life of Capt. Sir Richard F. Burton |date=January 2004 |publisher=Cosimo Classics |isbn=9781596050136 |pages=142 |language=english}}</ref></blockquote> == Tirada Dadka ee Geri Koombe == Tirada dadka Geri waxay ahayd mid si wanaagsan loo diiwaangeliyay buugaagta Richard Burton, Qarnigii 1800-aadkii Geri waxay lahaayeen tirada dadka ilaa 80,000 waqtigaas. Qarnigii 1900-aadkii Geri iyo Jidwaaq waxay lahaayeen tirada dadka oo wadajir ah oo ahayd 300,000, tiradii ugu dambeysay ee la diiwaangeliyay ee dadka Geri waxay ahayd ilaa 200,000 <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=Peoples of horn africa |publisher=Taylor & Francis |date=3 February 2017 |isbn=9781315308173 |language=English}}</ref> == Dagaallada Geri iyo Oromada == === Asalka Jarso === Jarso waxay ka soo jeedaan asal Soomaaliyeed, Taariikh ahaan Soomaalidu waxay addoonsan jireen dadka Oromada ah ee laga soo qabtay dagaallada iyo weerarrada lagu qaado deegaannada Oromada. Garaadada Girhi waxay doenayeen inay helaan shaqaale beeraley ah markii dambena waxay soo wadeen Oromada si ay uga shaqeeyaan beerta Shiiniqsaan (Jinicsani) iyo deegaannada ku xeeran Faafan.<ref>{{Cite book |title=World directory of minorities |date=1992 |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-1-55862-016-2 |editor-last=Thornberry |editor-first=Patrick |edition=Repr |series=Longman international reference |location=Harlow |editor-last2=Bruce-Mitford |editor-first2=Miranda |editor-last3=Minority Rights Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=24 January 2011 |title=Department of Sociology and Social Administration, Addis Ababa University |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT8wAQAAIAAJ |journal=Department of Sociology and Social Administration, Addis Ababa University |volume=1 |issue=1–2 |pages=57–59 |via=Sociology Ethnology Bulletin. (1994). Ethiopia: Department of Sociology and Social Administration, Addis Ababa University.}}</ref> Dhowr waqti ka dib dagaal adag ka dib Jarso (oo ay taageerayso OLA) waxay markii dambe ka go'een [[Somali Region|Deegaanka Soomaalida]] waxayna ku meel-marayn [[Oromia|Oromiya]] ka dib aftidii 2004. Tobias Hagmann wuxuu sheegay:<blockquote>Qabiilka Geri wuxuu asal ahaan ka dhashay qabiilka weyn ee Daarood ee Soomaalida. Jarso waxay asal ahaan ka tirsan yihiin saddexda confederacy ee Oromada ee gobolkii hore ee Hererge Si kastaba kuwa Jarso ee ku hadla af Soomaaliga waxay isticmaalaan af Soomaaliga iyo nidaamka dhaqanka ee heerka Soomaalida xeer waxaa looga yaqaannaa 'Oromo Soomaaliyeed<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hagmann |first=Tobias |title=Negotiating Statehood Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |date=4 October 2011 |isbn=9781444395570 |pages= |language=English}}</ref></blockquote> === Darajada Soomaalida Geri iyo Oromada === Waxa uu ahaa nidaamka darajada u dhexeeya Soomaalida Geri iyo Jarso ee Soomaaliyeed (Oromo) Jarso waxay muujiyeen in ay leeyihiin daraja hoose ee bulshada marka loo eego Soomaalida Geri waxayna u baahdeen in ay helaan daraja ka mid ah Geri oo ahaa hogaamiyayaasha deegaanka. Dr Tim Allen wuxuu qoray:<blockquote> Dagaalku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa Jarso ee Soomaaliyeed iyo qabiilka Soomaalida, ee Geri oo sida Mareexaanka ka tirsan Daarood. Sida muuqata dhibaatadu waxay ku saabsan tahay xaqa dhulka, laakiin Jarso waxay u muuqdaan kuwo inta badan ka walwalsan inay helaan daraja u dhiganta qabiilka Geri. Jarso waxay sheegaan in Geri oo ahaa hogaamiyayaasha dhaqanka ee deegaanka, ay u arkaan kuwo hooseeya oo xitaa ma guursadaan gabdhahooda<ref>{{Cite book |title=In search of cool ground: war, flight & homecoming in Northeast Africa |date=1996 |publisher=Currey |isbn=978-0-85255-224-7 |editor-last=Allen |editor-first=Tim |edition=1. Aufl |location=London |pages=133–134}}</ref></blockquote>Prof Didier Péclard wuxuu sidoo kale qoray: <blockquote>Geri waxay noqdeen qabiilka hogaamiyaha deegaanka, halka Jarso - oo tirada dadka ku badnayd - la hoos geeyay inay noqdaan beeraley. [[Xiriirka]] u dhexeeya Geri iyo Jarso wuxuu ahaa mid adag qarniyadii ugu dambeeyay, iyadoo kuwa dambe ay isku dayayeen inay ka hor yimaadaan nidaamka darajada ee ka dhex jiray labada kooxood. Ndheecaanka dawladda Itoobiya ee loo badalay nidaamka xiriirka gobollada, iyo sidoo kale habka loo samaynayo xadadka gobollada, waxay ku qasbtay dib-u-wada-xaajoodka aqoonsiga u dhexeeya labada bulsho. Geri iyo Jarso maanta waxay u qeybsan yihiin u dhexeeya gobollada Oromiya iyo Soomaalida sababtoo ah habkan.<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote> === Ka go'iddii Jarso ee deegaanka Soomaalida === Sannadkii 1992 waxaa ka dhacay dagaallo iyo adkaansho xadka u dhexeeya Soomaalida iyo Oromada, adkaantu waxay kor u kagtay ka dib markii Jabhadda Liberashinka Oromiya ay isku dayday inay ka furto xafiis si ay taageero u hesho Jarso. Tani waxay markii dambe sababtay dagaal buuxa. Ka hor matalaadaas xubnaha Jarso waxay u arkeen in ku meel-maridda Gobolka Oromiya ay u keenayso manaafacaad ka badan. Prof Didier Péclard wuxuu qoray: <blockquote>qaar ka mid ah ganacsatada Jarso, oo u arkayay in nidaamka cusub ee Itoobiya, danahooda ay uga fiicnaan doonaan ku meel-maridda gobolka Oromiya intii ay ku sii jiri lahaayeen gobolka Soomaalida, waxay bilaabeen inay taageeraan kooxaha siyaasadda ee Oromada sida OLF iyo Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia (IFLO).<ref name=":0" /></blockquote> Soomaalida Geri iyo Oromada Jarso waxay arkeen dagaal weyn iyadoo IFLO iyo OLF ay isbahaysi la samaysteen Jarso, halka Geri ay taageerayeen Jidwaaq iyo deegaanka Soomaalida, Sido kale dagaalkan wuxuu u go'ay dagaal u dhexeeya Soomaalida iyo Oromada. dagaalku wuxuu ahaa mid adag oo xitaa ciidankii hore ee Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya ay ka qayb qaateen labada dhinacba.<blockquote>Dagaalkan wuxuu arkay qayb-qaadashada kooxaha hubeysan ee Oromada sida IFLO oo ka dhinac dagaallamayay Jarso, iyo qabiillada Daarood ee Soomaalida, gaar ahaan Jidwaaq oo ku sugan Jigjiga oo ka dhinac dagaallamayay Geri. Dagaalka u dhexeeya labada kooxood wuxuu ahaa mid daran oo labada dhinacba waxay isticmaaleen hubka culus sida madaafiicda lagu xiro gaadiidka. Ciidankii hore ee dawladihii Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya waxay ka qayb qaateen labada dhinacba. </blockquote> === Aftidii Jarso ee 2004 === Sannadkii 2004 habka deegaanka Soomaalida wuxuu u badnayd si joogto ah, sannadkii 2004 dawladda Itoobiya waxay samaysay afti gobolka ah. sannadkii 2004 Jarso waxay ugu codeeyeen inay ka mid noqdaan gobolka Oromiya waxayna ka go'een deegaanka Soomaalida. <blockquote>Qaar ka mid ah odayaasha iyo dadka muhiimka ah ee Jarso waxay u arkeen aftida in ay tahay fursad ay ku go'aamiyaan dhulka iyo subservience-kooda Geri. Waxay bilaabeen in ay olole u samaynayaan ku meel-maridda gobolka Oromiya.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote> ==Xiriirinta== <blockquote>[[Caruurta]] Daarood maanta waxay u qeybsamaan laba kooxood oo waaweyn: "Harti" waa magaca qoyska ee Dhulbahante, Ogaadeen, Warsangali iyo Majeerteen, Dishiishe. kuwaas oo isku call-seeya [[Caruurta]] Harti bin Koombe bin Kablalax bin Daarood: qabiillada kale ee Daarood ee aan ku jirin magacaas waa Girhi, Bertire, Mareexaan, iyo Bahabar Cali.<ref name="Sir Burton 2010"/></blockquote>Geri oo ahaa walaalka [[Harti]], Wuxuu dhalay 12 wiil wiilka ugu dhererka badnaa ee Geri wuxuu ahaa Awbarre. Xasan wiilka awbarre wuxuu dhalay ehel caan ah sida [[Abayonis|Abayoonis]] iyo Isxaaq Xasan Sheekh [[Darod|Daarood]] (Daarood bin Ismaaciil) ** Kabalah *** Koombe **** '''Geri''' ***** Maxamed Geri ***** Abroon Geri ***** Burhaan Geri ***** Cabdi Geri ***** Libaan Geri ***** Aadan Yare Geri ***** Magan Wayne Geri ***** Teerago Geri ***** Coofle Geri ***** Hayraan Geri ***** Aw Beere Geri ***** Ilkaxume Geri ****** '''Xasan Aw Barre''' ******* Abayoonis Xasan ******** Sheekh Maame Abayoonis ******** Fiqi Yoonis Abayoonis ******** Sheekh Dhaa Abayoonis ******** Jibriil Abayoonis ******** Sheekh Muuse Abayoonis ******** Sheekh Axmed Bare Abayoonis ******** Sheekh Cali Abayoonis ******* Cumar Xasan ******* Yuusuf Xasan ******* Isxaaq Xasan ==Dadka caanka ah == ===Boqortooyada=== *[[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garaad Mataan ibn Couthmaan Al Soomaali]] Jeneraalkii Cadal ee qarnigii 16aad & Seediga [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Imaam Axmed Bin Ibraahim Al Ghaazi]] *[[Garad Adan Bin Kooshin|Garaad Aadan Bin Kooshin]] Garaadkii Ugu Sarreeyay Ee Geri Caan ku ahaa diiwaangelintii [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] ee 1800-aadkii * Abdirizak Ibrahim Takhal (Zak Idan) Xubin ka tirsan Golaha Deegaanka Magaalada Tukwila, Gobolka Washington, Mareykanka. {{Portal|Somalia}} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Puntland]] [[Category:Somali clans]] [[Category:Somali clans in Ethiopia]] aclfdbj7bfenftbytqnd305bgtg7w8s 0 40321 309498 264701 2026-09-24T17:32:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309498 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[File:Arabic_manuscript_with_the_Diwan_of_Mutanabbi,_Sharh_Diwan_Al-Mutanabbi,_by_the_scribal_scholar_Abu-I-Tayyib_Ahmad_Ibn_al-Hussain,_c._1300_CE,_origin_unknown.jpg|thumb| Qoraal Carabi ah oo uu ku qoran yahay Diwaankii Mutanabbi (Sharh Diwaan Al-Mutanabbi), oo uu qoray caalimkii Abu-I-Tayyib Ahmad Ibn al-Hussain, c. 1300 AD, asal ahaan lama garanayo]] '''Abu al-Ṭayyib Axmad bin al-Xussein al-Mutanabbi al-Kindi''' ( Arabic أبو الطيب أحمد بن الحسين المتنبّي الكندي; c. 915 – 23 Sebtembar 965 [[C.D|Miilaadiyada]] ) oo ka yimid [[Kuufa]], [[Dawladii Cabaasiyiinta|Khaliifadii Cabbaasiyiinta]], waxa uu ahaa gabyaa Carbeed oo caan ahaa [[Dawladii Cabaasiyiinta|xilligii Cabbaasiyiinta,]] kana tirsanaan jiray maxkamaddii Amiirkii Xamdaani ee Sayf al-Dawla ee [[Xalab]], wuxuuna u curiyay 300 oo folios oo gabayo ah. [1] [2] [3] Hab-dhaqankiisa maansada waxa uu ku kasbaday sumcad weyn waqtigiisii, qaar badan oo ka mid ah gabayadiisana maaha kuwo weli si weyn looga akhriyo dunida Carabta maanta ee waxa loo arkaa maahmaahyo. Wuxuu gabayga bilaabay isagoo sagaal jir ah. Waxa uu caan ku yahay garaad fiiqan iyo markhaati. Mawduucyadii uu ka hadlay waxaa ka mid ahaa geesinnimada, falsafada nolosha, iyo sharraxaadda dagaallada. Isagoo ka mid ah gabayaaga ugu waaweyn, ugu caansan uguna saamaynta badan [[Carabi|luqadda Carabiga]], intiisa badan shaqadiisa waxaa loo turjumay in ka badan 20 luqadood oo adduunka ah. [[File:Al-Mutanabbi by Kahlil Gibran.png|thumb|Al-Mutanabbi by Khalil Gibran]] == Buugaag == * Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq,'' University of California Press, 1991, p.&nbsp;74. * Al-Mutanabbî, ''Le Livre des Sabres'', choix de poèmes, présentation et traduction de Hoa Hoï Vuong & Patrick Mégarbané, Actes Sud, Sindbad, novembre 2012. * Arberry, A. J. (trans.), ''Poems of al-Mutanabbi: A Selection with Introduction, Translations and Notes'' (London: Cambridge University Press, 1967). * {{Cite book|last=Khallikān (Ibn)|first=Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad|url=https://archive.org/stream/WafayatAlAyantheObituariesOfEminentMenByIbnKhallikan/Vol1Of4WafayatAl-ayantheObituariesOfEminentMenByIbnKhallikan#page/n142/mode/2up|title=Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā' Abnā' al-Zamān (The Obituaries of Eminent Men)|publisher=Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|year=1843|volume=I|location=Paris|pages=102–110|translator-last=[[William McGuckin de Slane|McGuckin de Slane]]|translator-first=William|author-link=Ibn Khallikan}} * {{Cite book|last=Nadīm (al-)|first=Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq Abū Ya'qūb al-Warrāq|title=The Fihrist of al-Nadim; a tenth-century survey of Muslim culture|url=https://archive.org/details/fihristofalnadim0000ibna|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1970|editor-last=[[Bayard Dodge|Dodge]]|editor-first=Bayard|location=New York & London|pages=189, 373, 1066|author-link=Ibn al-Nadim}} * {{Cite book|last=Nadīm (al-)|first=Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq|url=https://archive.org/details/KitabAlFihrist/page/n551/mode/2up/search/Mutanabb%C4%AB|title=Kitāb al-Fihrist|publisher=F.C.W. Vogel|year=1872|editor-last=[[Gustav Leberecht Flügel|Flügel]]|editor-first=Gustav|location=[[Leipzig]]|page=552 (169)|language=ar|author-link=Ibn al-Nadim}} * {{Cite book|last=Thaʻālibī|first=ʻAbd al-Mālik b. Muḥ.|url=https://archive.org/details/mutanabbiundsei00thagoog/page/n4/mode/2up|title=Mutanabbi und Seifuddaula aus der Edelperle [Yatîmat al-dahr] des Tsaâlibi|publisher=Fr. Chr. Wilh. Vogel|year=1847|editor-last=Dieterici|editor-first=Friedrich|editor-link=Friedrich Dieterici|location=[[Leipzig]]|language=de, ar|author-link=ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Muḥammad Thaʻālibī}} * Warren, James (trans.), ''The Complete Poems of Al-Mutanabbi,'' (Cultural Books, 2022) <nowiki>ISBN 9798218064082</nowiki> * Wormhoudt, Arthur (trans.), ''The Diwan of Abu Tayyib Ahmad Ibn Al-Husayn Al-Mutanabbi'' (Kazi 2002) {{ISBN|9781930637382}} == Sidoo kale eeg == * Safa Khulusi * [[kuufa]] * [[Dawladii Cabaasiyiinta|Khaliifadii Cabbaasiyiinta]] 63zbdhxk27mqz8dmcnstft38p9x9ppb 0 41373 309371 272444 2026-09-24T13:43:49Z ~2026-51281-27 47542 309371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hospital Pharmacy.JPG|thumb|Daas-daaweed]] '''Daas daaweed''' ([[ingiriis]]: phamacy) ama '''Farmashiyaha''' waa meel ama xarun ay dawooyinka lagu diyaariyo, lagu qaybiyo, laguna iibiyo. Badanaa waxaa shaqaale ka ah xirfadlayaal shati leh oo loo yaqaan farmashiyiin, kuwaas oo bixiya dawooyinka uu dhakhtarku qoro, waxayna bixiyaan talo ku saabsan sida loo isticmaalo dawooyinka si sax ah, iyo sidoo kale macluumaad ku saabsan suurtogalnimada dhibaatooyinka ama is-dhexgalka dawooyinka. Farmashiyeyaashu sidoo kale waxay iibiyaan dawooyinka aan dhakhtarka looga baahnayn, alaabooyinka caafimaadka, iyo mararka qaar alaabta daryeelka shaqsiga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, farmashiyiin waxay bixiyaan adeegyo sida tallaalada, baaritaanka caafimaadka, iyo la-talinta ku saabsan caafimaadka guud.<ref> Pray, W Steven (2010). "Why pharmacists should not selling homeopathic products". Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 15 (4): 280–283. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7166.2010.01052.x. ISSN 1465-3753. Retrieved 26 January 2025.</ref> ==tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Ganacsi]] [[Category:Dad]] 75i77cyvfnat13ckcb932gdbsmfj38c 309372 309371 2026-09-24T13:52:34Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-51281-27|~2026-51281-27]] ([[User talk:~2026-51281-27|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Girligaanshub|Girligaanshub]] 272441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daas daaweed''' ([[ingiriis]]: phamacy) ama '''Farmashiyaha''' waa meel ama xarun ay dawooyinka lagu diyaariyo, lagu qaybiyo, laguna iibiyo. Badanaa waxaa shaqaale ka ah xirfadlayaal shati leh oo loo yaqaan farmashiyiin, kuwaas oo bixiya dawooyinka uu dhakhtarku qoro, waxayna bixiyaan talo ku saabsan sida loo isticmaalo dawooyinka si sax ah, iyo sidoo kale macluumaad ku saabsan suurtogalnimada dhibaatooyinka ama is-dhexgalka dawooyinka. Farmashiyeyaashu sidoo kale waxay iibiyaan dawooyinka aan dhakhtarka looga baahnayn, alaabooyinka caafimaadka, iyo mararka qaar alaabta daryeelka shaqsiga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, farmashiyiin waxay bixiyaan adeegyo sida tallaalada, baaritaanka caafimaadka, iyo la-talinta ku saabsan caafimaadka guud.<ref> Pray, W Steven (2010). "Why pharmacists should not selling homeopathic products". Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 15 (4): 280–283. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7166.2010.01052.x. ISSN 1465-3753. Retrieved 26 January 2025.</ref> ==tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Ganacsi]] [[Category:Dad]] bem1pww5gqxy549fm5ykzgmt93sd5qd 309373 309372 2026-09-24T13:55:03Z Isma4l 41797 309373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daas daaweed''' ([[ingiriis]]: phamacy) ama '''Farmashiyaha''' waa meel ama xarun ay dawooyinka lagu diyaariyo, lagu qaybiyo, laguna iibiyo. Badanaa waxaa shaqaale ka ah xirfadlayaal shati leh oo loo yaqaan farmashiyiin, kuwaas oo bixiya dawooyinka uu dhakhtarku qoro, waxayna bixiyaan talo ku saabsan sida loo isticmaalo dawooyinka si sax ah, [[Image:36apteka.jpg|300px|thumb|Farmashiye casri ah]] [[File:Pharmacy Prague Dlouha st..JPG|300px|thumb|right|farmashiye casri ah oo ku yaal [[Prague]]]] [[File:Small pharmacy in Kerala.jpg|thumb|Farmashiye yar oo ku yaal Kerala]] iyo sidoo kale macluumaad ku saabsan suurtogalnimada dhibaatooyinka ama is-dhexgalka dawooyinka. Farmashiyeyaashu sidoo kale waxay iibiyaan dawooyinka aan dhakhtarka looga baahnayn, alaabooyinka caafimaadka, iyo mararka qaar alaabta daryeelka shaqsiga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, farmashiyiin waxay bixiyaan adeegyo sida tallaalada, baaritaanka caafimaadka, iyo la-talinta ku saabsan caafimaadka guud.<ref> Pray, W Steven (2010). "Why pharmacists should not selling homeopathic products". Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 15 (4): 280–283. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7166.2010.01052.x. ISSN 1465-3753. Retrieved 26 January 2025.</ref> Daawooyinka qaarkood waa kuwo gaar ah, sababtoo ah waxay noqon karaan kuwo [[addiction|balwad keena]], ama waxay beddelaan habka ay daawooyinka kale u shaqeeyaan, ama waxay u baahan yihiin in loo qaato hab gaar ah. Daawooyinkan si fudud loogama iibsan karo farmashiye. [[prescription|Warqad dhakhtar]] ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah helitaankooda. Dhakhaatiirta caafimaadku waxay bixiyaan [[prescription|warqad dhakhtar]]<nowiki/>o, taas oo markaas loo isticmaali karo in lagu helo daawada. Xeerarka ku saabsan waxa la iibsan karo iyada oo aan warqad dhakhtar la haysan way ku kala duwan yihiin dalal kala duwan. Waxaa jira dukaamo badan oo yaryar oo farmashiyeyaal maxalli ah ah. Waxa kale oo jira farmashiyeyaal ku yaal inta badan isbitaallada kuwaas oo bukaannada isbitaalka siiya daawooyinka. Dukaamo badan oo farmashiyeyaal ah ma iibiyaan daawooyin oo keliya. Waxay sidoo kale iibiyaan [[beauty products|alaabooyinka quruxda]] iyo alaabooyinka la xiriira [[hygiene|nadaafadda]], sida [[tampon|tamponnada]] loogu talagalay haweenka iyo [[contraception|ka hortagga uurka]]. Tirada farmashiyeyaasha ku yaal England ayaa hoos u dhacaysay. Waxaa jiray 11,500 farmashiyayaal firfircoon sannadkii 2022— tiradii ugu hoosaysay tan iyo 2015/2016. Tirada daawooyinka warqadaha dhakhtarka lagu bixiyay 2021/2022 waxay ahayd 1.1 bilyan, taas oo 2.7% ka badan 2020/2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Quinn|first=Helen|title=Community pharmacies at lowest number for seven years, NHS figures show|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/community-pharmacies-at-lowest-number-for-seven-years-nhs-figures-show|access-date=2023-02-06|website=The Pharmaceutical Journal|language=en-US}}</ref> Sahan ay [[Association of Convenience Stores]] samaysay sannadkii 2024 ayaa lagu ogaaday in dadku u arkayeen farmashiyeyaasha adeegga maxalliga ah ee ugu muhiimsan, iyadoo [[Post office|xafiisyada boostada]] ay kaalinta labaad galeen, halka [[Convenience store|dukaamada adeegga degdegga ah]] ay kaalinta saddexaad galeen.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Burns|first=Corrinne|date=2024-07-09|title=Pharmacies considered ‘most essential’ local service in annual poll|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/pharmacies-considered-most-essential-local-service-in-annual-poll|access-date=2024-07-10|website=The Pharmaceutical Journal|language=en-US}}</ref>My Dr. XM Pharmacy waa farmashiye online ah oo lagu kalsoonaan karo, kaas oo bixiya noocyo badan oo ah daawooyin aan warqad dhakhtar u baahnayn, fiitamiino, kaabeyaasha nafaqada, iyo alaabooyinka daryeelka shakhsiyeed. Waxay bixisaa waayo-aragnimo wax-iibsi oo fudud in la isticmaalo iyo dhoofin caalami ah, taas oo ka dhigaysa alaabooyinka caafimaadka kuwo laga heli karo adduunka oo dhan. [[Pharmacology|Farmakoolajigu]] waa laan ka mid ah [[chemistry|kiimikada]] oo daraasaysa qaab-dhismeedka molecular-ka ee daawooyinka si loo helo daawooyin ka wanaagsan. ==tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Ganacsi]] [[Category:Dad]] cyd8wnn765z4s5x34890j5uski0881s 10 44174 309477 288492 2026-09-24T17:07:18Z Isma4l 41797 309477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#iferror:{{ #ifexpr:(({{{1}}}) >= 1E+27) | {{formatnum:{{Format price/digits|{{#expr:({{{1}}}) / 1E+27}}}}}}&nbsp;oktiliyan}}{{ #ifexpr:((({{{1}}}) >= 1E+24) and (({{{1}}}) < 1E+27)) | {{Format price/digits|{{#expr:({{{1}}}) / 1E+24}}}}&nbsp;septiliyan}}{{ #ifexpr:((({{{1}}}) >= 1E+21) and (({{{1}}}) < 1E+24)) | {{Format price/digits|{{#expr:({{{1}}}) / 1E+21}}}}&nbsp;sekstiliyan}}{{ #ifexpr:((({{{1}}}) >= 1E+18) and (({{{1}}}) < 1E+21)) | {{Format price/digits|{{#expr:({{{1}}}) / 1E+18}}}}&nbsp;kwintiliyan}}{{ #ifexpr:((({{{1}}}) >= 1E+15) and (({{{1}}}) < 1E+18)) | {{Format price/digits|{{#expr:({{{1}}}) / 1E+15}}}}&nbsp;kwadriliyan}}{{ #ifexpr:((({{{1}}}) >= 1E+12) and (({{{1}}}) < 1E+15)) | {{Format price/digits|{{#expr:({{{1}}}) / 1E+12}}}}&nbsp;tiriliyan}}{{ #ifexpr:((({{{1}}}) >= 1E+9) and (({{{1}}}) < 1E+12)) | {{Format price/digits|{{#expr:({{{1}}}) / 1E+9}}}}&nbsp;bilyan}}{{ #ifexpr:((({{{1}}}) >= 1E+6) and (({{{1}}}) < 1E+9)) | {{Format price/digits|{{#expr:({{{1}}}) / 1E+6}}}}&nbsp;milyan}}{{ #ifexpr:((({{{1}}}) >= 1E+3) and (({{{1}}}) < 1E+6)) | {{formatnum:{{Format price/digits|{{#expr:({{{1}}})}}}}}}}}{{ #ifexpr:((({{{1}}}) >= 0) and (({{{1}}}) < 1E+3)) | {{formatnum:{{#expr:({{{1|}}}) round {{{2|2}}}}}}}{{#ifexpr:(({{{2|2}}} = 1) or ({{{2|2}}} = 2))|{{#ifexpr:(((((({{{1|}}}) round {{{2|2}}})*100) round 1) mod 100) = 0)|.00|{{#ifexpr:(((((({{{1|}}}) round {{{2|2}}})*100) round 1) mod 10) = 0)|0}}}}}}}}{{ #ifexpr:(({{{1|}}}) < 0)|{{Error|[[Template:Format price|Format price]] khalad: lama akhriyi karo qiimaha "{{{1|}}}"}}}}|{{Error|[[Template:Format price|Format price]] khalad: lama akhriyi karo qiimaha "{{{1|}}}"}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> c5agzv66lig5u5rk27ibb53n5e2npk7 0 46811 309526 304310 2026-09-24T17:51:10Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | name = Hans Aarsleff | image = File:Hans Aarsleff.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1925|07|19|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Rungsted]] Kyst, Denmark | fields = taariikhda [[linguistics|cilmiga luqadda]], [[history of ideas|taariikhda fikradaha]], taariikhda [[philosophy|falsafada]] }} ​'''Hans Aarsleff''' (dhashay 19 Luulyo 1925) waa aqoonyahan iyo khabiir ku xeeldheer cilmiga luqadda oo u dhashay dalka Denmark, kaasoo soo ahaa bare-sare (emeritus professor) oo luqadda Ingiriisiga ka dhiga [[Princeton University]] tan iyo sanadkii 1997. Aarsleff waa khabiir caan ku ah taariikhda [[linguistics|cilmiga luqadda]], [[history of ideas|taariikhda fikradaha]], iyo taariikhda [[philosophy|falsafada]] ee qarniyadii 17-aad, 18-aad, iyo 19-aad.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aarsleff, Anderson, Clark, Gross, Jameson, Kuenne, Taylor transfer to emeritus status|url=https://www.princeton.edu/pr/pwb/97/0526/0526-emeriti.html|website=From the Princeton Weekly Bulletin, May 26, 1997|accessdate=10 July 2015}}</ref> ​ ==Taariikh nololeedka== Ka dib markii uu ka qalin-jabiyay dugsiga sare (gymnasium) isagoo ku takhasusay sayniska iyo xisaabta sanadkii 1943, wuxuu cilmiga luqadda Ingiriisiga iyo suugaanta ka bartay [[University of Copenhagen]]. Sanadkii 1948 wuxuu deeq waxbarasho u helay heerka sare ee jaamacadda [[University of Minnesota]], halkaas oo uu joogay siddeedii sano ee xigtay ilaa uu yimid Princeton sanadkii 1956. Dissertation-kiisii dhakhtarnimada (PhD), “The Study of Language in England, 1780–1860”, wuxuu dhammaystiray 1960. Waxaa daabacay [[Princeton University Press]] sanadkii 1967<ref>{{cite book|last1=Aarsleff|first1=Hans|title=The study of language in England, 1780-1860|url=https://archive.org/details/studyoflanguagei0000aars|url-access=registration|date=1967|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9780691061245}}</ref> (mar kale la soo saaray 1983), wuxuuna durbadiiba noqday buug caan ah (classic) oo dhexdiisa laga tixraaco taariikhyannada cilmiga luqadda. Wuxuu ahaa af-hayeen si weyn looga raadiyo shirarka iyo jaamacadaha gudaha iyo dibadda Maraykanka. Wuxuu joogay Princeton, halkaas oo uu ka gaaray darajada bare-sare (full professor) sanadkii 1972, inta hartayna xirfadiisa halkaas ayuu ku qaatay.<ref>{{cite web|title=Member Page for Hans Aarsleff|url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=aarsleff|website=American Philosophical Society Member History|publisher=American Philosophical Society|accessdate=28 July 2015}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Waxaa loo doortay labadaba [[American Philosophical Society]] iyo [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] sanadkii 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hans Aarsleff|url=https://www.amacad.org/person/hans-aarsleff|access-date=2022-02-10|website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Hans+Aarsleff&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2022-02-10|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> ​ ==Shaqada aqooneed== Bilowgiiba, shaqada Aarsleff ee taariikhda cilmiga luqadda waxay ku fiday inay daboosho taariikhda fikradaha, taariikhda falsafada, iyo taariikhda sayniska, taasoo keentay maqaallo waaweyn oo ku saabsan [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[John Locke|Locke]], [[Étienne Bonnot de Condillac|Condillac]], [[Wilhelm von Humboldt]], [[René Descartes|Descartes]], iyo [[Johann Gottfried Herder|Herder]]. Sanadkii 1982, xulasho ka mid ah maqaalladiisa ayaa lagu daabacay cinwaanka “From Locke to Saussure: Essays in the Study of Language and Intellectual History”, kaasoo mar kale ahaa daabacaad sumcad sare ku leh fagaarahaas. Aarsleff wuxuu sidoo kale qayb ka qaatay qoraallo dhowr ah oo ku jira “The Dictionary of Scientific Biography” ee [[Charles Coulston Gillispie|Charles C. Gillispie]], kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin maqaallo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan [[John Wilkins]] iyo [[Thomas Sprat]]. Bishii Juun 1991, waxaa lagu qabtay shir gaar ah oo lagu sharfayo Hans Aarsleff jaamacadda [[University of Paris (post-1970)|Sorbonne]] ee Paris. Tani waxay dhalisay [[festschrift]] (buug xusuus-qor ah) “La linguistique entre mythe et histoire”, oo ay tafatireen [[Elmore D|Daniel Droixhe]] iyo Chantal Grell (Münster: Nodus, 1993). ​Qoraalladii Aarsleff ee ku saabsanaa Wilhelm von Humboldt waxay kiciyeen muran maadaama ay soo jiiteen dareenka xaqiiqada ah in Humboldt ay saameyn weyn ku yeesheen faylasuufiinta iyo khubarada luqadda ee Faransiiska, taas oo ay diideen aqoonyahannada Jarmalka ee muddada dheer taagnaa.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gipper|first1=H.|title=Schwierigkeiten beim Schreiben der Wahrheit in der Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft: zum Streit um das Verhältnis Wilhelm von Humboldts zu Herder|journal=Logos Semantikos|date=1981|volume=1|pages=101–115}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Oesterreicher|first1=W.|title=Wem gehört Humboldt? Zum Einfluß der französischen Aufklärung auf die Sprachphilosophie der deutschen Romantik|journal=Logos Semantikos|date=1981|volume=1|pages=117–135}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Trabant|first1=J.|title=Der Gallische Herkules|date=2002|publisher=Francke Verlag|location=Tübingen}}</ref> Qoraalladiisii ku saabsanaa khabiirka luqadda ee Faransiiska iyo Swiss-ka ah ee [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] ayaa kiciyay muran la mid ah, maadaama uu ku dooday in fikradaha udub-dhexaadka u ah Saussure ay si xoog leh u saameeyeen naqdiye-faylasuufkii Faransiiska ee qarnigii 19-aad ee [[Hippolyte Taine]], taas oo ay diideen aqoonyahannada bartay Saussure, kuwaas oo muujiyay in fikradaha Aarsleff uu u tiiriyay Taine laga heli karo ilo kale oo isaga (Saussure) qudhiisu wax ka qoray, halka aanu jirin hal tixraac oo ku saabsan Taine oo ku jira qoraalladiisa tirada badan, kuwa la daabacay iyo kuwa aan la daabicinba.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Joseph|first1=J.|title=Root and branch: Pictet’s role in the crystallization of Saussure’s thought|journal=Times Literary Supplement|date=9 January 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Aarsleff|first1=Hans|title=Duality the key: Saussure’s debt to Taine in conceiving "the double essence of language"|journal=Times Literary Supplement|date=20 August 2004}}</ref> ​Sanadkii 1970, Aarsleff wuxuu daabacay maqaal cinwaankiisu ahaa “The history of linguistics and Professor Chomsky” kaasoo ku soo baxay majallada caanka ah ee cilmiga luqadda ee ''[[Language (journal)|Language]]''. Maqaalkani wuxuu soo jiitay dareen badan maadaama uu ahaa weerar ka dhan ah shaqadii [[Noam Chomsky]] ee aadka loo xayaysiiyay ee sanadihii ka horreeyay ee ku saabsanayd taariikhda cilmiga luqadda, isagoo ku doodaya inay ku dhisnayd aqoon dhiman oo eex leh. In kasta oo khubaro waaweyn oo goobtaas ku takhasusay ay qabeen ra’yi la mid ah,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Miel|first1=J.|title=Pascal, Port-Royal, and Cartesian linguistics|journal=Journal of the History of Ideas|date=1969|volume=30|pages=261–271}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Salmon|first1=V.|title=Review of Cartesian Linguistics|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-linguistics_1969-04_5_1/page/165|journal=Journal of Linguistics|date=1969|volume=5|pages=165–187}}</ref> falcelintii kululayd iyo meel-ka-dhaca ahayd ee ka timid Chomsky iyo taageerayaashiisa<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bracken|first1=H.|title=Mind and Language. Essays on Descartes and Chomsky|date=1984|publisher=Foris|location=Dordrecht|pages=xi|quote=The kind of scholarship manifested by Aarsleff differs in quantity but not in quality from that recently displayed by Trevor-Roper in identifying the Hitler ‘diaries’}}</ref> waxay Aarsleff ka dhigtay shakhsi muran badan dhex dhigay khubarada aragtida cilmiga luqadda ee raacsan Chomsky.<ref>{{cite book|author1=C. Hamans|author2=P. Seuren|editor1-last=Kibbee|editor1-first=Douglas A.|title=Chomskyan (R)evolutions|year=2010|url=https://archive.org/details/chomskyanrevolut0000unse|publisher=Benjamins|location=Amsterdam/Philadelphia|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chomskyanrevolut0000unse/page/377 377]–394|chapter=Chomsky in search of a pedigree}}</ref> ​Waxyaabihii ugu waaweynaa ee uu daabacay waxaa ka mid ah: ​“The Study of Language in England, 1780–1860.” Princeton: Princeton University Press. ​“The history of linguistics and Professor Chomsky.” Language 46: 570–585. ​“Taine and Saussure.” The Yale Review 68: 71–81. ​“From Locke to Saussure. Essays on the Study of Language and Intellectual History.” London: University of Minnesota Press. London: The Athlone Press. ​“Introduction to ‘On Language. Wilhelm von Humboldt: The Diversity of Human Language-Structure and its Influence on the Mental Development of Mankind’, oo uu turjumay Peter Heath hordhacna u qoray Hans Aarsleff.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ​“Etienne Bonnot de Condillac, ‘Essay on the Origin of Human Knowledge’, oo uu turjumay lana tafatiray Hans Aarsleff, hordhacna uu u qoray.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ​ ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== ​[https://english.princeton.edu/people/hans-c-aarsleff Bogga Hans Aarsleff ee Jaamacadda Princeton] ​{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aarsleff, Hans}} iuxuaulagwzu1bowgrrqhnmr4q9zfod 828 50778 309516 305098 2026-09-24T17:44:54Z Isma4l 41797 309516 Scribunto text/plain local MessageBox = require('Module:Message box') local p = {} local function singleText(args) local from_oldid = args["from_oldid"] or args["from_oldid1"] or "" local from = args["from"] or args["from1"] or "" local to = args["to"] or args["to1"] or "" local date = args["date"] or args["date1"] or "" local afd = args["afd"] or args["afd1"] or "" local merge = args["merge"] or args["merge1"] or "" local mergedFrom = args["mergedFrom"] or "" local text if (mergedFrom == 'yes') then text = "Nuqul ka mid ah" else text = "Qoraal ama nuxur kale oo hal abuur leh oo laga keenay" end if not (from_oldid == "") then text = string.format("%s [%s noocaan] ee", text, tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {oldid=from_oldid} ))) end if from then text = string.format("%s <span class='plainlinks'>[%s %s]</span>",text, tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {redirect="no"} )), from) else text = text .. '[[]]' end if (merge == "yes") or (mergedFrom == "yes") or not (afd == "") then text = text .. " ayaa la [[Wikipedia:Merging|isku daray]]" else text = text .. " ayaa la nuqulay ama la u raray" end if (to == "") then -- If no target given assume current page is the target to = ":" .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subjectPageTitle.fullText end text = string.format("%s [[%s]]", text, to) local diff = args["diff"] or args["diff1"] local to_diff = args["to_diff"] or args["to_diff1"] local to_oldid = args["to_oldid"] or args["to_oldid1"] if (diff) then text = string.format("%s adigoo isticmaalaya [%s wax ka beddelkan]",text,diff) elseif (to_oldid or to_diff) then text = string.format("%s adigoo isticmaalaya [%s wax ka beddelkan]",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(to, {diff=to_diff or "next", oldid = to_oldid or "prev"} ))) end if not (date == "") then text = string.format("%s taariikhda %s",text,date) end if not (afd == "") then if (mw.ustring.match(afd, "Wikipedia:", 1 )) then --If no venue is given add AfD prefix text = string.format("%s kadib markii loo [[%s|mideeyay in la tirtiro]]",text,afd) else text = string.format("%s kadib markii loo [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/%s|mideeyay in la tirtiro]]",text,afd) end end text = text .. "." -- Finish first sentence text = string.format("%s Taariikhda boggii hore ee [%s taariikhda] waxay hadda u adeegtaa in ay [[WP:Copying within Wikipedia|bixiso tilmaamaha]] ee nuxurkaas ku jira bogga dambe, mana aha in la tirtiro inta uu bogga dambe jiro.",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from,{action="history"}) or "")) if (args["talk"] == 'yes' or (mergedFrom == 'yes' and args["talk"] ~= 'no')) then local fromPage = mw.title.new(from) local fromTalk = fromPage and fromPage.talkPageTitle.fullText or "Talk:" .. from text = string.format("%s Wixii wadahadal ah ee halkaas ka dhacay, fiiri [[%s|boggiisa wadahadalka]].", text, fromTalk) end return text end local function row(args, i) local text = "" local afd = args["afd" .. i] if (afd or args["merge" .. i] or args["mergedFrom"]) then text = string.format("%s\n*La isku daray",text) else text = string.format("%s\n*La nuqulay",text) end local from = args["from" .. i] or "" text = string.format("%s [%s %s] (",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {redirect = "no"} )),from) local from_oldid = args["from_oldid" .. i] if (from_oldid) then text = string.format("%s[%s noocii hore], ",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {oldid = from_oldid} ))) end local talk = args["talk".. i] or "" if (talk == "yes" or (args["mergedFrom"] == 'yes' and talk ~= "no")) then local fromPage = mw.title.new(from) local fromTalk = fromPage and fromPage.talkPageTitle.fullText or "Talk:" .. from text = string.format("%s[[%s|wadahadal]], ", text, fromTalk) end local to = args["to".. i] or "" if (to == "") then -- If no target given assume current page is the target to = ":" .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subjectPageTitle.fullText end text = string.format("%s[%s taariikhda]) → [[%s]]",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(from, {action = "history"} )), to) local diff = args["diff" .. i] if (diff) then text = string.format("%s ([%s farqiga])",text,diff) elseif (args["to_oldid" .. i] or args["to_diff".. i]) then local to_diff = args["to_diff".. i] or "next" local to_oldid = args["to_oldid" .. i] or "prev" text = string.format("%s ([%s farqiga])",text,tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(to, {diff=to_diff, oldid = to_oldid} ))) end local date = args["date" .. i] if (date) then text = string.format("%s taariikhda %s",text,date) end if (afd) then if (mw.ustring.match(afd, "Wikipedia:", 1 )) then --If no venue is given add AfD prefix text = string.format("%s kadib markii loo [[%s|mideeyay in la tirtiro]]",text,afd) else text = string.format("%s kadib markii loo [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/%s|mideeyay in la tirtiro]]",text,afd) end end if (not (args["to_oldid" .. i] or args["to_diff".. i])) then if (args["mergedFrom"] == 'yes') then text = string.format("%s[[Category:Wikipedia pages using merged-from template without oldid]]",text) else text = string.format("%s[[Category:Wikipedia pages using copied template without oldid]]",text) end end return text end local function list(args) local text = "" local from1 = args["from1"] if (from1) then --Support from1 and from in case of multiple rows text = string.format("%s%s",text,row(args, 1)) else text = string.format("%s%s",text,row(args, "")) end local i = 2 while (args["from" .. i]) do text = string.format("%s%s",text,row(args, i)) i = i + 1 --Check if from(i+1) exists end return text end local function multiText(args) local pageType if (mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespace(1)) then pageType = "maqaal" else pageType = "bog" end local historyList = list(args) if (args["collapse"] == 'yes') then local collapsedText if (args["mergedFrom"] == 'yes') then collapsedText = '<table style="width:100%%; background: transparent; color: inherit;" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">\n<tr><th>Bogagga la isku daray:</th></tr>\n<tr><td> %s </td></tr></table>' else collapsedText = '<table style="width:100%%; background: transparent; color: inherit;" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">\n<tr><th>Bogagga la nuqulay:</th></tr>\n<tr><td> %s </td></tr></table>' end historyList = string.format(collapsedText, historyList) end local mergedFrom local copies if (args["mergedFrom"]) then mergedFrom = "la isku daray" copies = "boggan" else mergedFrom = "laga nuqulay ama looga wareejiyay" copies = "nuqullada" end local text = "Qoraal ayaa %skan %s; fiiri liiska hoose. Bogagga isha u ah waxay hadda u adeegaan in ay [[WP:Copying within Wikipedia|bixiyaan tilmaamaha]] nuxurka ku jira bogagga bartilmaameedka ah mana aha in la tirtiro ilaa inta %s uu jiro. Wixii tilmaam ah iyo si aad u gashid noocyadii hore ee qoraalka la nuqulay, fadlan fiiri xiriiriyeyaasha taariikhda ee hoose. %s" text = string.format(text, mergedFrom, pageType, copies, historyList) return text end local function categories(args,multiUsed) local to_oldid = args["to_oldid"] or args["to_diff"] or args["diff"] or args["to_oldid1"] or args["to_diff1"] or args["diff1"] local from_oldid = args["from_oldid"] or args["from_oldid1"] local text = "[[Category:Wikipedia pages using copied template]]" if ((not from_oldid) or (not to_oldid)) and not multiUsed then if (args["mergedFrom"] == 'yes') then text = text .. "[[Category:Wikipedia pages using merged-from template without oldid]]" else text = text .. "[[Category:Wikipedia pages using copied template without oldid]]" end end return text end local function BannerText(args) --Checks if there are multiple rows local text local from2 = args["from2"] if (from2) then text = multiText(args) .. categories(args,true) else text = singleText(args) .. categories(args,false) end return text end local function renderBanner(args) local image if args.mergedFrom then image = '[[File:Mergefrom.svg|frameless|50px|link=|alt=]]' else image = '[[File:Splitsection.svg|frameless|50px|link=|alt=]]' end return MessageBox.main('tmbox', { class = "copiednotice", small = args["small"], image = image, text = BannerText(args) }) end function p.main(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) return renderBanner(args) end return p gvljz141kj4toygrbafaxerhnt9awod 0 51278 309530 306229 2026-09-24T17:53:40Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309530 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Buffalo sentence 1 parse tree.svg|right |320px|thumb|Simplified [[parse tree]]<br /> {{image key|list type=unbulleted |S – [[sentence (linguistics)|sentence]] |NP – [[noun phrase]] |RC – [[relative clause]] |VP – [[verb phrase]] |PN – [[noun#Proper nouns and common nouns|proper noun]] |N – [[noun]] |V – [[verb]] }}]] [[File:Buffalo (5617485389).jpg|thumb|Magaalada [[Buffalo, New York]]]] [[File:Bison bison DSC03293.jpg|thumb|[[American bison]], oo si caadi ah loogu tixraaco ''buffalo'']] '''Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo''' waa [[Grammaticality|jumlad]] ku saxsan [[Grammaticality|naxwaha]] luqadda [[English Language|Ingiriiska]] taas oo inta badan loo soo bandhigo tusaale ahaan sida [[homonym|erayada isku dhawaaqa ama isku qoraalka ah]] iyo [[homophone|erayada isku dhawaaqa ah]] loo adeegsan karo si loo abuuro qaab-dhismeed luqadeed oo adag iyada oo loo marayo [[lexical ambiguity|mideyn laba-leh]]. Waxaa lagaga dooday suugaanta siyaabo kala duwan ilaa 1965, markaas oo ay ka soo muuqatay buuggii [[Dmitri Borgmann]] ee ''[[Beyond Language: Adventures in Word and Thought]]''. Qaab macno ahaan u dhigma oo ilaalinaya habayntii ereyada asalka ah waa: "Buffalonian bison [oo ay kale] Buffalonian bison dhibaateeyaan [sidoo kale] dhibaateeyaan Buffalonian bison." == Dhismaha Jumlada == [[File:Buffalo sentence diagram.svg|right|thumb|[[Reed–Kellogg diagram]] ee jumlada]] Jumladu waa mid aan lahayn calaamadaha hakadka waxayna isticmaashaa saddex macne oo kala duwan oo erayga "buffalo" ah. Sida ay u kala horreeyaan isticmaalkooda ugu horreeya, kuwani waa: * '''a.''' magaalo la yiraahdo Buffalo. Tan waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii [[noun adjunct|kordhin magac]] oo ku jirta jumlada; * '''n.''' [[noun|magaca]] ''buffalo'', oo ah xayawaan, oo ah jamac (oo u dhigma "buffaloes" ama "buffalos"), si looga fogaado [[article (grammar)|maqaallada]]. * '''v.''' [[verb|ficilka]] "[[wikt:buffalo#Verb|buffalo]]" oo macnaheedu yahay in la dhaafo, la wareero, la qiyaano, la cabburiyo, ama la wareeriyo. Jumladu waa mid ku saabsan [[Syntactic ambiguity|dhanka naxwaha oo laba-leh]]; hal falanqeyn oo suurtagal ah (oo lagu calaamadinayo "buffalo" kasta qaybteeda hadalka sida kor ku xusan) waa sida soo socota: {{in5}}Buffalo^a buffaloⁿ Buffalo^a buffaloⁿ buffalo^v buffalo^v Buffalo^a buffaloⁿ. Marka loo kala saaro dhanka naxwaha, tani waxay u dhigantaa: [(Buffalonian bison) (Buffalonian bison intimidate)] intimidate (Buffalonian bison). Maaddaama jumladu leedahay [[restrictive clause|weero xaddidan]], ma jiri karaan wax hakad ah. Magac-u-yaalka xiriirinta ah ee "which" ama "that" waxay ka muuqan karaan inta u dhaxaysa ereyada labaad iyo saddexaad ee jumlada, sida ku jirta ''Buffalo buffalo that Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo''; marka magac-u-yaalkan la tago, weerada xiriirinta ah waxay noqotaa [[reduced relative clause|weero xiriirin oo la soo koobay]]. Qaab la ballaariyay oo ah jumlada oo ilaalisa habayntii ereyada asalka ah waa: "Buffalo bison that other Buffalo bison bully also bully Buffalo bison." Haddaba, [[parsing|falanqaynta]] jumladu waxay sheeganeysaa in bison-ta ''ay cabburiyeen ama dhibaateeyeen bison'' ay iyagu isku dayaan inay ''cabburiyaan ama dhibaateeyaan bison'' (ugu yaraan magaalada Buffalo – si dadban, Buffalo, New York): #Buffalo buffalo (xayawaannada lagu magacaabo "buffalo" ee ka yimid magaalada Buffalo) [oo ay] Buffalo buffalo buffalo (in noocaas ah ee xayawaannada ka yimid magaalada ay dhibaateeyaan) buffalo Buffalo buffalo (dhibeeyaan xayawaannadan ka yimid magaaladaas). #[Kuwani] buffalo(es) ka yimid Buffalo [ee ay dhibaateeyeen] buffalo(es) ka yimid Buffalo waxay dhibaateeyaan buffalo(es) ka yimid Buffalo. #Bison ka yimid Buffalo, New York, oo ay dhibaateeyeen bison kale oo bulshadooda ah ayaa iyaguna dhankooda dhibaateeya bison kale oo bulshadooda ah. #''The'' buffalo ''ka yimid'' Buffalo ''ee ay'' buffalo''eeyeen'' buffalo ''ka yimid'' Buffalo buffalo (ficiil) ''kale'' buffalo ''ka yimid'' Buffalo. #Buffalo buffalo (farta ugu weyn ee mawduuca) [in] Buffalo buffalo ([[subordinate clause|weerada hoose]] mawduuca) buffalo (weerada hoose ficiilka) iyaguna buffalo ([[main clause|weerada ugu weyn]] ficiilka) Buffalo buffalo (weerada ugu weyn shayga tooska ah). #Buffalo ka yimid Buffalo [in] buffalo [ka yimid] Buffalo buffalo [iyaguna] buffalo buffalo [ka yimid] Buffalo. [[File:Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_sentence_diagram.jpg|thumb|Shax sharxaysa jumlada]] [[File:Buffalo-comparison sentence.svg|thumb|Shax isticmaalaysa isbarbardhig si loo sharxo jumlada buffalo]] === Isticmaalka === [[Thomas Tymoczko]] wuxuu tilmaamay inaysan jirin wax gaar ah oo ku saabsan siddeed "buffalos";<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sweet Reason: A Field Guide to Modern Logic|url=https://archive.org/details/sweetreasonfield0000henl|last1=Henle|first1=James|last2=Garfield|first2=Jay|last3=Tymoczko|first3=Thomas|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2011|isbn=978-1118078631}}</ref> jumlad kasta oo ka kooban oo keliya erayga "buffalo" ee la celceliyay tiro kasta waa mid sax ah naxwaha ahaan. Midda ugu gaaban waa "Buffalo!", taas oo loo qaadan karo tilmaan [[imperative mood|ficiil amar ah]] oo lagu dhibaateeyo qof ("[Adigu,] buffalo!") iyadoo la saaray mawduuca la tilmaamay ee "you" oo la tirtiray,<ref name="sweet" />{{rp|99–100, 104}} ama, sida qaylo-dhaan magac ah, oo muujinaysa tusaale ahaan in buffalo la arkay, ama sida qaylo-dhaan sifo ah, tusaale ahaan jawaab ahaan su'aasha, "xaggee baad ka timid?" Jumladaha ka dheer siddeed eray waxaa lagu dhisi karaa iyadoo lagu darayo weedho xiriirin oo dheeraad ah. Tymoczko wuxuu isticmaalaa jumladada tusaale ahaan muujinaysa [[rewrite rule|xeerarka dib-u-qorista]] ee luqadshaha.<ref name="sweet" />{{rp|104–105}} == Asalka == Fikradda ah in qof dhihi karo wuxuu dhisi karaa jumlad naxwahan sax ah oo ka kooban wax aan ahayn celcelinta "buffalo" ayaa si [[Multiple discovery|madaxbannaan loo helay]] dhawr jeer qarnigii 20-aad. Tusaalihii qoran ee ugu horreeyay ee la og yahay, "Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo", wuxuu ka muuqdaa qoraalkii asalka ahaa ee buuggii [[Dmitri Borgmann]] ee 1965 [[Language on Vacation]], inkastoo cutubkii ku jiray laga reebay nooca la daabacay.<ref name="apocrypha" /> Borgmann wuxuu dib u isticmaalay qaar ka mid ah agabkii cutubkan, oo ay ku jirto jumlada "buffalo", buugiisa 1967, [[Beyond Language: Adventures in Word and Thought]].<ref name="borgmann" />{{rp|290}} Sanadkii 1972, [[William J. Rapaport]], oo markaas ahaa arday qalin-jabiyay oo ka tirsan [[Indiana University]], wuxuu la imid noocyo ay ku jiraan shan iyo toban jeer oo "buffalo" ah.<ref name="history" /> Dambena wuxuu isticmaalay labada nooc ee wax-barashadiisa, iyo 1992 wuxuu ku dhajiyay [[LINGUIST List]].<ref name="history" /><ref name="Linguistlist" /> Jumlad leh siddeed buffalo oo is xiga ayaa ka muuqata buuggii [[Steven Pinker]] ee 1994 [[The Language Instinct]] tusaale ahaan jumlad "u muuqata mid aan macno lahayn" laakiin sax ah naxwaha ahaan. Pinker wuxuu magacaabay ardaygiisa, [[Ann Senghas]], inay tahay qofkii hal-abuurtay jumlada.<ref name="pinker" />{{rp|210}} Hadday ahaato Rapaport, Pinker, ama Senghas midkoodna bilowgii ma ogeyn hal-abuuryadii hore.<ref name="history" /> Pinker wuxuu bartay tusaalihii hore ee Rapaport kaliya 1994, waxaana Rapaport la ogeysiiyay jumladay Borgmann ilaa 2006.<ref name="history" /> Noocyada cajiibka ah ee luqadshahan waxaa lagu dhisi karaa erayada kale ee sida oo kale ah isku mar u adeega sida [[collective noun|magaca wadareed]], sifo, iyo ficiil, kuwaas oo qaarkoodaysan u baahnayn far-weyn (sida "police").<ref name="gaertner" /> Police waa magac, (boolis) ficiil, (waxa uu boolisku sameeyo) iyo [[Police, West Pomeranian Voivodeship|magaalada ku taal Poland]]. == Tixraacyo == <references> <ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/buffalobuffalo.html |title=A History of the Sentence 'Buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo.' |last=Rapaport |first=William J. |author-link=William J. Rapaport |date=5 October 2012 |website=University at Buffalo Computer Science and Engineering |access-date=7 December 2014 |archive-date=21 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621162601/http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/buffalobuffalo.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Linguistlist">{{cite web |url=https://linguistlist.org/issues/3/3-175/ |title=Message 1: Re: 3.154 Parsing Challenges |last=Rapaport |first=William J. |author-link=William J. Rapaport |date=19 February 1992 |website=[[LINGUIST List]] |access-date=14 September 2006 |archive-date=19 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019180523/http://linguistlist.org/issues/3/3-175.html#1 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="apocrypha">{{cite journal |author-link=A. Ross Eckler, Jr. | last=Eckler | first=A. Ross Jr. |date=November 2005 |title=The Borgmann Apocrypha |url=http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/wordways/vol38/iss4/4/ |journal=[[Word Ways: The Journal of Recreational Linguistics]] |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=258–260 |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-date=1 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101221036/http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/wordways/vol38/iss4/4/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="pinker">{{cite book |last=Pinker |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Pinker |date=1994 |title=[[The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language]] |location=New York|publisher=William Morrow and Company, Inc. }}</ref> <ref name="sweet">{{Cite book | year=2000 | title=Sweet reason: a field guide to modern logic | author1=Thomas Tymoczko | author2=James M. Henle | edition=2 | publisher=Birkhäuser | isbn=978-0-387-98930-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQnsSuvP9dAC&pg=PA99 | access-date=23 September 2016 | archive-date=22 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422112819/https://books.google.com/books?id=LQnsSuvP9dAC&pg=PA99 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="borgmann">{{cite book |title=[[Beyond Language: Adventures in Word and Thought]] |first=Dmitri A. |last=Borgmann |author-link=Dmitri Borgmann |location=New York |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |oclc=655067975 |year=1967 }}</ref> <ref name="gaertner">{{cite book |last=Gärtner |first=Hans-Martin |date=2002 |title=Generalized Transformations and Beyond |location=Berlin |publisher=[[Akademie Verlag]] |page=58 |isbn=978-3050032467 }}</ref> </references> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Spoken Wikipedia|buffalo8.ogg|date=9 December 2006}} {{wiktionary|buffalo}} * [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001817.html Buffaloing buffalo] at ''[[Language Log]]'', 20 January 2005 * Easdown, David. {{cite web|url= http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/pubs/publist/preprints/2006/easdown-13.pdf |title=Teaching mathematics: The gulf between semantics (meaning) and syntax (form) }}&nbsp;{{small|(273&nbsp;KB)}} * [[William J. Rapaport]], [https://cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/BuffaloBuffalo/buffalobuffalo.html A History of the Sentence "Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo."] 1xyv2so1t7dg198p4umq3ou5nndh7lq 0 51337 309528 307317 2026-09-24T17:52:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dherginta macnaha''' waa dhacdo [[psychology|cilmi nafsiyeyneed]] taas oo ay [[Repetition (rhetorical device)|celcelisku]] keento in eray ama weedh ay si ku meel gaar ah u lumiso [[macnihii]] ay u lahayd dhageystaha,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Verbal Conditioning and Behaviour|last=Das|first=J.P.|publisher=Pergamon Press, Ltd.|year=2014|isbn=9781483156538|location=Oxford|pages=92}}</ref> kaas oo markaas u arka hadalka sidii dhawaaqyo soo noqnoqonaya oo aan macno lahayn. Kormeerid ama falanqeyn dheer (in muddo dheer la eegayo erayga ama weedha) oo beddesha celceliska ayaa sidoo kale soo saarta saameyn la mid ah. == Taariikhda iyo cilmibaarista == Leon Jakobovits James ayaa curiyey odhaahda "semantic satiation" intii uu ku jiray [[Thesis|qoraalkiisa takhasuska ee PhD]] ee 1962 ee [[McGill University]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |type=PhD |url=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/c821gp587 |title=Effects of Repeated Stimulation on Cognitive Aspects of Behavior: Some Experiments on the Phenomenon of Semantic Satiation |first=Leon. A. |last=Jakobovits |date=April 1962 |access-date=2018-08-13 |publisher=[[McGill University]]}}</ref> Waxaa loo muujiyay inay tahay dhacdo xasiloon oo laga yaabo inay la mid tahay nooc ka mid ah garashada ee [[reactive inhibition]].<ref name=":0" /> Intaas ka hor, odhaahda "verbal satiation" ayaa la isticmaali jiray iyada oo lala kaashanayo erayo muujinaya fikradda daalka maskaxda. Qoraalku wuxuu ku qoray magacyo badan oo ay dadka kale u adeegsadeen dhacdadan: {{bquote|Many other names have been used for what appears to be essentially the same process: inhibition (Herbert, 1824, in Boring, 1950), refractory phase and mental fatigue (Dodge, 1917; 1926a), lapse of meaning (Bassett and Warne, 1919), work decrement (Robinson and Bills, 1926), cortical inhibition (Pavlov, 192?), adaptation (Gibson, 1937), extinction (Hilgard and Marquis, 1940), satiation (Kohler and Wallach, 1940), reactive inhibition (Hull, 1913 {{sic}}), stimulus satiation (Glanzer, 1953), reminiscence (Eysenck, 1956), verbal satiation (Smith and Raygor, 1956), and verbal transformation (Warren, 1961b).|From Leon Jakobovits James, 1962}} James wuxuu soo bandhigay dhowr tijaabo oo muujiyay hawlgalka saamaynta dheregta macnaha ee hawlaha garashada ee kala duwan sida qiiraynta erayada iyo tirooyinka ee si isdaba joog ah loo soo bandhigo waqti gaaban dhexdiis, ku celcelinta afka ee erayada ka dibna u kala saaridda fikrado, ku darista tirooyinka ka dib markii lagu celceliyo si cod dheer ah, iyo turjumaadaha laba-luqadlaha ah ee erayada lagu celceliyay mid ka mid ah labada luqadood. Xaalad kasta, dadka la tijaabinayo waxay ku celcelin lahaayeen eray ama lambar ilaa dhowr ilbiriqsi ah, ka dibna waxay qaban lahaayeen hawsha garashada iyagoo adeegsanaya eraygaas. Waxaa la muujiyay in ku celcelinta erayga ka hor int>**__NOT_FOUND__** da la isticmaalin hawshu ay ka dhigayso hawsha mid xoogaa adag. Sharaxaada dhacdadan ayaa ah in celceliska degdega ahi uu keeno in labada dhaqdhaqaaq ee dareemayaasha iyo muruqyada [[Piaget's theory of cognitive development|sensorimotor]] iyo kicinta neerfayaasha dhexe ay shaqeeyaan si isdaba joog ah.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} Tani waxaa la og yahay inay keento caqabad falcelin ah, sidaas awgeedna hoos u dhac ku yimaada xoojinta dhaqdhaqaaqa celcelis kasta. Jakobovits James (1962) wuxuu ugu yeeraa gabagabadan bilowga "neurosemantics tijaabo ah" {{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}. Cilmibaaridaha sii baaray dheregta macnaha waxaa ka mid ah shaqada Pilotti, Antrobus, iyo Duff (1997), oo sheegtay inay suurtogal tahay in meesha ugu muhiimsan ee dhacdadan ay tahay ka hor inta aan la gaarin macnaha halkii ay ka noqon lahayd la qabsiga macnaha.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pilotti|first1=M.|last2=Antrobus|first2=J.S.|last3=Duff|first3=M.|date=1997|title=The effect of presemantic acoustic adaptation on semantic "satiation"|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_memory-cognition_1997-05_25_3/page/305|journal=Memory & Cognition|volume=25|issue=3|pages=305–312|doi=10.3758/BF03211286|pmid=9184482|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa jira tijaabada ay sameeyeen Kouinos et al. (2000), taas oo muujisay in dheregta macnaha aysan ahayn si qasab ah mid ka timaada "faqriga wax soo saarka aragtiyeed."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advances in Psychology Research, Volume 26|last=Shohov|first=Serge|publisher=Nova Science Publishers, Inc. ^_^|year=2003|isbn=978-1590337981|location=New York|pages=69}}</ref> == Codsiyada == Jakobovits wuxuu xusay dhowr codsi oo suurtagal ah oo dheregta macnaha ah kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin isku-dhafankooda daawaynta [[phobia|cabashada cabsida]] iyada oo loo marayo [[systematic desensitization|dejinta nidaamsan]]. Wuxuu ku dooday in "mabaadi'da ahaan, dheregta macnaha ah ee qalab ahaan loo adeegsado ay tahay inay shaqeyso meel kasta oo hawlaha garashada ee la cayimi karo ay dhexdhexaadiyaan dabeecad qofku rabo inuu beddelo."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED011107.pdf|title=Semantic Satiation and Cognitive Dynamics|last=Jakobovits|first=Leon|date=1966|website=U.S. Department of Education|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Codsi ayaa sidoo kale la horumariyay si loo yareeyo [[speech anxiety|cabashada hadalka]] ee dadka leh dhibaatooyinka hadalka iyada oo la abuurayo dhereg macne ah iyada oo la adeegsanayo celcelis, sidaas darteed la dhimayo xoojinta shucuurta taban ee kiciya inta lagu jiro hadalka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1966-11392-001|title=Semantic Satiation and Cognitive Dynamics|author=Leon James (formerly Leon A. Jakobovits) University of Illinois}}</ref> Waxaa jira daraasado sidoo kale ku xiray dheregta macnaha [[education|waxbarashada]]. Tusaale ahaan, shaqada Tian iyo Huber (2010) waxay baartay saamaynta dhacdadan ku leedahay barashada erayada iyo akhriska waxtarka leh. Qorayaashu waxay sheegeen in geedi socodkani uu u adeegi karo hab gaar ah oo lagu tijaabiyo dhimista iyada oo la adeegsanayo luminta xiriirka maadaama ay u oggolaanayso kala soocidda "heerka ereyada ee saamaynta heerka macnaha ee hawl ku saleysan macnaha taas oo ku lug leh celceliska erayada."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tian|first1=Xing|last2=Huber|first2=David E.|date=June 2010|title=Testing an associative account of semantic satiation|journal=Cognitive Psychology|volume=60|issue=4|pages=267–290|doi=10.1016/j.cogpsych.2010.01.003|issn=0010-0285|pmc=2882703|pmid=20156620}}</ref> Dheregta macnaha waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay qalab lagu helo faham dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan helitaanka luqadda sida daraasaadkaas oo baaray dabeecadda [[multilingualism|luqadaha badan]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advances in the Study of Societal Multilingualism|last=Fishman|first=Joshua|publisher=Mouton Publishers|year=2014|isbn=9783111684376|location=The Hague|pages=55}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal | author=Dodge, R. | title=The laws of relative fatigue | journal=Psychol. Rev. | volume=24 | issue=2 | year=1917 | pages=89–113 | doi=10.1037/h0075549 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1429173 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Don, V.J. |author2=Weld, H.P. | title=Lapse of meaning with visual fixation |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychology_1924-07_35_3/page/446 | journal=[[American Journal of Psychology]] | volume=35 | issue=3 | year=1924 | pages=446–50 | doi=10.2307/1414024 | jstor=1414024 }} * {{cite journal | author=Duncan, C.P. | title=On the similarity between reactive inhibition and neural satiation | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychology_1956-06_69_2/page/227 | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=69 | issue=2 | year=1956 | pages=227–35 | doi=10.2307/1418151 | pmid=13327083 | jstor=1418151 }} * {{cite journal | author=Eysenck, H.J. | title=Cortical inhibition, figural after-effect, and theory of personality | journal=Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology | volume=51 | issue=1 | year=1955 | pages=94–106 | doi=10.1037/h0043564 | pmid=13242293 }} * {{Cite thesis | author=Gaynor, Miriam | title=An effect of satiation on recall | degree=PhD | publisher=[[The New School for Social Research|New School for Social Research]] | location=New York | year=1954 }} Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. * {{cite journal |author1=Severance, Elisabeth |author2=Washburn, Margaret | title=The loss of associative power in words after long fixation |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychology_1907-04_18_2/page/182 | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=18 | issue=2 | year=1907 | pages=182–86 | doi=10.2307/1412411 | jstor=1412411 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Smith, D.E.P. |author2=Raygor, A.L. | title=Verbal satiation and personality | journal=J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. | volume=52 | issue=3 | year=1956 | pages=323–26 | pmid=13318837 |doi=10.1037/h0041334 }} * {{cite journal | author=Warren, R.M. | title=Illusory changes in repeated words: Differences between young adults and the aged | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychology_1961-12_74_4/page/506 | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=74 | issue=4 | year=1961<!--a--> | pages=506–16 | doi=10.2307/1419661 | pmid=14005061 | jstor=1419661 }} * {{cite journal | author=Warren, R.M. | title=Illusory changes of distinct speech upon repetition—the verbal transformation effect | journal=British Journal of Psychology | volume=52 | issue=3 | pages=249–58 | year=1961<!--b--> | doi=10.1111/j.2044-8295.1961.tb00787.x | pmid=13783239 }} * {{cite journal | author=Wertheimer, M. | title=Studies of some Gestalt qualities of words | journal=In Gestalthaftes Sehen: Ergebnisse und Aufgaben der Morphologie | editor=F. Weinhandl | pages=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft | year=1960 }} * {{cite journal | author=Wertheimer, M. | title=The relation between the sound of a word and its meaning | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychology_1958-06_71_2/page/412 | journal=American Journal of Psychology | volume=71 | issue=2 | year=1958 | pages=412–15 | doi=10.2307/1420089 | jstor=1420089 | pmid=13545417 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Lambert, W.E. |author2=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Verbal satiation and changes in the intensity of meaning | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=60 | issue=6 | pages=376–83 | year=1960 | pmid=13758466 | doi=10.1037/h0045624 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation among bilinguals | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=62 | issue=6 | pages=576–82 | year=1961 | pmid=14450947 | doi=10.1037/h0042860 |url=http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112835 |type=Submitted manuscript | doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation in an addition task | journal=Canadian Journal of Psychology | year=1962 | volume=16 | issue=2 | pages=112–19 | doi=10.1037/h0083238 |pmid=14450948 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Mediated satiation in verbal transfer | journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology | volume=64 |issue=4 | pages=346–51 | year=1962 | pmid=14450946 | doi=10.1037/h0044630 }} * {{Cite book |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | chapter=The effects of repetition in communication on meanings and attitudes |editor1=L. Arons |editor2=M.A. May | title=Television and Human Behavior |url=https://archive.org/details/televisionhumanb0000aron_n1i5 | location=New York | publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts | year=1963 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/televisionhumanb0000aron_n1i5/page/167 167]–76 }} * {{cite journal | author=Messer, S., Jakobovits, L.A., Kanungo, R., and Lambert, W.E. | title=Semantic satiation of words and numbers | journal=British Journal of Psychology | volume=55 | issue=2 | pages=155–63 | year=1964 | pmid=14168480 | doi=10.1111/j.2044-8295.1964.tb02715.x }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=Stimulus-characteristics as determinants of semantic changes with repeated presentation |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychology_1964-03_77_1/page/84 | journal=American Journal of Psychology | year=1964 | volume=77 | issue=1 | pages=84–92 | doi=10.2307/1419274 | jstor=1419274 | pmid=14133230 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Semantic satiation in concept formation | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=17 | issue=1 | pages=113–14 | year=1965 | pmid=5826453 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1965.17.1.113 | s2cid=36214432 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title= Repetition of auditorily presented information | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=17 | issue=3 | pages=785–86 | year=1965 | pmid=5854255 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1965.17.3.785 | s2cid= 10067885 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Utilization of semantic satiation in stuttering: A theoretical analysis | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-speech-and-hearing-disorders_1966-05_31_2/page/105 | journal=Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders | volume=31 | issue=2 | year=1966 | pages=105–14 | doi=10.1044/jshd.3102.105 | pmid=5327594 }} * {{cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Studies of fads: I. The 'Hit Parade.' | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=18 | issue=2 | year=1966 | pages=443–50 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1966.18.2.443 | s2cid=144148539 }} * {{cite journal |author = Jakobovits, L.A. |title = Semantic satiation and cognitive dynamics |journal = Journal of Special Education |volume = 2 |issue = 1 |pages = 35–44 |year = 1967 |doi = 10.1177/002246696700200103 |s2cid = 144805146 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Hogenraad, Robert | title=Some suggestive evidence on the operation of semantic generation and satiation in group discussions | journal=Psychological Reports | volume=20 | issue=3 | pages=1247–50 | year=1967 | doi=10.2466/pr0.1967.20.3c.1247 |s2cid=144297750 }} * {{Cite journal | author=Jakobovits, L.A. | title=Words, words, words | journal=In L. Kuppuswami, Modern Trends in Psychology | year=1967 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Lambert, W.E. | title=A note on the measurement of semantic satiation | journal=Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | volume=6 | issue=6 | year=1967 | pages=954–57 | doi=10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80165-8 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Jakobovits, L.A. |author2=Hogenraad, Robert | title=Le phénomène de la satiation semantique | journal= Bulletin de Psychologie | volume=22 | year=1968 |issue=273 | pages=140–49 |doi=10.3406/bupsy.1968.9957 }} * {{cite journal |author1=Kounios, John |author2=Kotz, Sonja I. |author3=Holcomb, Philip J. |title=On the Locus of the Semantic Satiation Effect: Evidence from Event-Related Brain Potentials |url=http://neurocog.psy.tufts.edu/papers/semsatMC.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010125084700/http://neurocog.psy.tufts.edu/papers/semsatMC.htm |archive-date=January 25, 2001 |journal=Memory & Cognition |year=2000 |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=1366–77 |doi=10.3758/BF03211837 |pmid=11219964 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |author1=Zongker, Doug |title=Chicken Chicken Chicken: Chicken Chicken |url=https://improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume12/v12i5/chicken-12-5.pdf |journal=Annals of Improbable Research |year=2006 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=17–21 }} {{refend}} 4henwo8ukzazfm30v2kjccdx6i10wme 0 52368 309501 308285 2026-09-24T17:33:15Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Lehesten.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|28|32|N|11|26|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lehesten in SLF.png |state = |district = Saalfeld-Rudolstadt |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Schiefergebirge |elevation = 640 |area = 35.94 |postal_code = 07349 |area_code = 036653 |licence = SLF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 73 046 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.lehesten.de/ www.lehesten.de] |mayor = Nicole Vockeroth<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;27 |party = }} '''Lehesten''' ({{IPA|de|ˈleːəstn̩|-|De-Lehesten.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Thuringian Forest]], oo 20&nbsp;km koonfur-bari kaga beegan [[Saalfeld]]. == Xarunta Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka V-2 == Ka dib go'aankii Ogosto 1943 ee ahaa in loo guuro soo saaridda gantaalka V-2 ee dhulka hoostiisa ah,<ref name=Neufeld>{{cite book |last=Neufeld|first=Michael J|title=The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780029228951|year=1995|publisher=The Free Press|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780029228951/page/200 200]-201|isbn=978-0-02-922895-1}}</ref> militariga Jarmalku waxay saxiixeen kireysi loogu talagalay miiska slate ee Oertelsbruch ee Lehesten 15 Sebtember 1943.<ref name=Gropp>{{cite book |last=Gropp|first=Dorrit|title=Das Konzentrationslager Aussenkommando Laura und Vorwerk Mitte Lehesten -Testbetrieb für V2-Triebwerke|year=1999|publisher=Westkreuz|page=25-33}}</ref> Dr. Martin Schilling, oo ahaa madaxa tijaabada ee Peenemünde, ayaa doortay goobta, 400 oo injineer ayaana halkaas loogu wareejiyay [[Peenemünde#Evacuation|Peenemünde]].<ref name=Ordway>{{cite book |last1=Ordway |first1=Frederick I III |author-link1=Frederick I. Ordway III |url=https://archive.org/details/rocketteam0000ordw |title=The Rocket Team |last2=Sharpe |first2=Mitchell R. |publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell |year=1979 |isbn=1-894959-00-0 |series=Apogee Books Space Series 36 |location=New York |page=99}}</ref> Shaqaalaha xeryaha fiirsashada, ee lagu hayay xero ku taal goobta ("Laura"), ayaa dhisay warshadda dhulka hoostiisa ah waxayna gacan ka geysteen shaqadeeda.<ref name=Kessler>{{cite book |last=Kessler|first=Ryszard|title=Die Hölle im Schieferberg. Erinnerungen an "Laura."|year=1998|publisher=Schwarm Verlag}}</ref> Soo saaridda ogsajiinta dareeraha ah iyo cabbiraadda qolka gubashada ayaa bilaabatay Janaayo 1944. Sagaal mashiin oo ogsajiin ah ayaa la rakibay oo shaqeynayay bishii Maarso 1944. Janaayo 1945 saddex mashiin oo dheeraad ah ayaa halkaas loo raray. Goobta waxaa la daadgureeyay 13 Abriil 1945 ka hor intaysan imaan ciidamada xulafada.<ref name="Schmundt-Thomas">{{cite journal|last=Schmundt-Thomas|first=Georg|date=January 2026|title= Bottleneck: the supply of liquid oxygen for the German V-2 rocket|journal=Journal of Military History|volume=90|issue=1|pages=86-113}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == <references/> {{Authority control}} nf9lih95qk0nio5ntnm7gh2v9vojpxs 0 52399 309529 308346 2026-09-24T17:53:07Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = Wappen Lieberose.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|58|59|N|14|18|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Lieberose in LDS.png |state = |district = Dahme-Spreewald |Amt = Lieberose/Oberspreewald |elevation = 50 |area = 72.51 |postal_code = 15868 |area_code = 033671 |licence = LDS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 61 308 |divisions = 5 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.amt-lieberose-oberspreewald.de/ www.amt-lieberose-oberspreewald.de] |mayor = Kerstin Michelchen<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12061000 Landkreis Dahme-Spreewald Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 27 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 }} '''Lieberose''' ([[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]: ''Luboraz'') waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Dahme-Spreewald]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa 25&nbsp;km waqooyi kaga beegan [[Cottbus]]. [[File:Lieberose aus der Vogelperspektive.jpg|thumb|Lieberose, Aragtida hawada]] [[File:Stadtkirche in Lieberose.jpg|thumb|Lieberose, Kaniisad]] [[File:Lieberose-Sammlung Duncker (5365598).jpg|thumb|Qasriga Lieberose, ilaa 1861/62, Daabacaaddii [[Alexander Duncker]]]] [[File:Lieberose Schloss.jpg|thumb|left|Qasriga Lieberose]] [[File:Lieberose Rathaus.jpg|thumb|left|Xarunta magaalada]] ==Taariikhda== Laga soo bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1947, Lieberose waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg]]. Intii lagu guda jiray [[World War II]], [[Lieberose forced labor camp]], oo ahayd xero hoos timaada [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp]] ayaa ku tiilay halkaan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishgen.org/ForgottenCamps/General/ListeEng.html|title=The List of the Camps|accessdate=2016-09-16|website=jewishgen.org}}</ref> (Xerada hoose, KL Lieberose, waxay ahayd xero shaqaale oo loogu talagalay barta taageerada ee SS- Division "Kurmark".{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} SS- Division "[[Kurmark]]" oo ku taal Lieberose iyo aagga ku xeeran.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} Dhamaadkii dagaalka ku dhowaa, maxaabiistii Yuhuudda ahayd waxaa loo diray [[death march]] oo ku wajahnayd Sachsenhausen.<ref>{{cite book|isbn=9780415281454|title=The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust|url=https://archive.org/details/routledgeatlasof0000gilb_f3l1|first=Martin|last=Gilbert|page=[https://archive.org/details/routledgeatlasof0000gilb_f3l1/page/212 212]|date=2002|publisher=Routledge}}</ref> Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib xeradu waxay ahayd xero xabsi oo loogu talagalay adeegga qarsoodiga ah ee Soofiyeedka (NKGB).{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Lieberose waxaa lagu daray Gobolka [[Brandenburg]] laga bilaabo 1947 ilaa 1952 iyo [[Bezirk Frankfurt]] ee [[East Germany]] laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990. Laga soo bilaabo 1990, Lieberose waxay dib ugu noqotay qayb ka mid ah Brandenburg. ==Tirakoobka dadka== [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Lieberose.pdf|thumb|200px|left|Horumarinta dadweynaha ilaa 1875 xuduudaha hadda jira (Xariqda buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Xariqda dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarka dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka cawliga ah: Waqtigii Xukunka Naasiyada; Asalka gaduudan: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr |title = Lieberose: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>xuduudaha hadda jira gudahooda (2017)<ref>Ilaha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 2919 | 1890 | 2712 | 1910 | 2576 | 1925 | 2415 | 1933 | 2411 | 1939 | 2261 | 1946 | 3330 | 1950 | 3244 | 1964 | 2495 | 1971 | 2396 | 1981 | 2068 | 1985 | 2017 | 1989 | 2006 | 1990 | 1970 | 1991 | 1939 | 1992 | 1892 | 1993 | 1880 | 1994 | 1864 | 1995 | 1832 | 1996 | 1823 | 1997 | 1796 | 1998 | 1809 | 1999 | 1793 | 2000 | 1770 | 2001 | 1707 | 2002 | 1664 | 2003 | 1651 | 2004 | 1611 | 2005 | 1613 | 2006 | 1573 | 2007 | 1534 | 2008 | 1514 | 2009 | 1503 | 2010 | 1485 | 2011 | 1472 | 2012 | 1417 | 2013 | 1416 | 2014 | 1391 | 2015 | 1379 | 2016 | 1360 | 2017 | 1379 }} == Dadka ka soo jeeda Lieberose == * [[Dietrich von der Schulenburg]] (1849-1911), siyaasiga Jarmalka ah iyo xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka Prussia ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Lieberose forced labor camp]] *[[Lieberose Photovoltaic Park]] ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category-inline|Lieberose}} {{Authority control}} rb37riaclurh28wkg7ss8hg4vzzy48k 0 52746 309492 308798 2026-09-24T17:29:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = Merdingen_002.650.jpg |image_coa = Wappen Merdingen.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|1|4|N|7|41|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Merdingen in FR.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald |elevation = 251 |area = 14.39 |postal_code = 79291 |area_code = 07668 |licence = FR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 15 072 |website = [http://www.merdingen.de/ www.merdingen.de] |mayor = Martin Rupp<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-merdingen-2022/ Bürgermeisterwahl 2022], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 1 February 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;30 }} '''Merdingen''' waa degmo ka tirsan deegaanka [[Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald]] ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany]]. Warshadaha ugu muhiimsan ee Merdingen waa beeraha canabka. Ku guuleystaha Tour de France [[Jan Ullrich]], oo ahdegane caan ah oo muddo badan ka mid ahaa xirfadiisii baaskiil-wadista, ayaa dib ugu soo laabtay deegaanka markii uu fariistay hawlgabka - qayb ahaan sababtoo ah waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu qorraxda badan Jarmalka.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Friebe |first1=Daniel |title=Jan Ulrich: The Best There Never Was |url=https://archive.org/details/janullrichbestth0000dani |date=9 September 2022 |publisher=Pan Macmillan |isbn=978-1509801572}}</ref> == Dadweynaha == '''Horumarka dadweynaha:'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merdingen (Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland) - Einwohnerzahlen, Grafiken, Karte, Lage, Wetter und Web-Informationen |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/de/germany/badenwurttemberg/breisgau_hochschwarzwald/08315072__merdingen/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable sortable zebra hintergrundfarbe5" !Sanadka !Dadweynaha |- align="right" |1990 |2,311 |- align="right" |2001 |2,528 |- align="right" |2011 |2,553 |- align="right" |2021 |2,542 |} |} ==Tixraacyo== {{Commons category|Merdingen}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8701bf0p9fkbl4nrhyxxy9yha7l3wq6 0 52825 309527 309216 2026-09-24T17:51:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260924)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 309527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple issues| {{Essay-like|date=September 2026}} }} '''Kemetism''' (sidoo kale '''Kemeticism ama Kemetic paganism'''; mararka qaarkood waxaa loogu yeeraa '''Neterism''' oo laga soo qaatay netjer "ilaah") waa diin neopagan ah oo ku saleysan caqiidadii Masar-ti aadaankii, taas oo soo baxday intii lagu jiray 1970-meeyadii. Kemetic waa qof raaca Kemetism.<ref>{{cite news |last=Daugherty |first=Michelle |title=Kemetism. Ancient Religions in our Modern World |url=http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp455-fs14/2014/10/02/kemetism-ancient-religions-in-our-modern-world/ |access-date=18 January 2017 |work=Michigan State University |date=2 October 2014 |location=USA |archive-date=28 Bisha Labaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228030246/http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp455-fs14/2014/10/02/kemetism-ancient-religions-in-our-modern-world/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxaa jira dhowr kooxood oo waaweyn, kuwaas oo mid walba uu qaato hab kale oo ku saabsan caqiidadiisa, iyaga oo u dhexeeya eclectic ilaa reconstructionist. Kuwan waxaa loo qaybin karaa saddex nooc: Kemetism dib loo dhisay, hab syncretic ah, iyo Kemetic Orthodoxy ee monotheistic-ka ah.<ref>Harrison, PM (2012). ''Profane Egyptologists: The Revival and Reconstruction of Ancient Egyptian Religion''. UCL (University College London).</ref> == Asalka ereyga == [[File:Ta_Kemet.jpg|thumb|Hieroglyphic writing "Kemet"|left]] Magaca dhaqdhaqaaqa wuxuu ku saleysan yahay endonym ee Masar,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ta-noutri.com/tanoutri/pages/khemitisme.htm |title=Khémitisme, Tradition païenne égyptienne, la religion des anciens égyptiens |language=French |access-date=2008-08-21 |archive-date=2008-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219132633/http://www.ta-noutri.com/tanoutri/pages/khemitisme.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ORTHO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemet.org/kemexp1.html|title=What is Kemetic Orthodoxy? Introduction|language=English|access-date=2008-08-19|archive-date=2008-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911234223/http://www.kemet.org/kemexp1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kemet (codadka caadiga ah ee qoraalka hieroglyphic km.t). Erayga sidoo kale mararka qaarkood waxaa loo qoraa sida Takemet, oo ka yimid tꜣ km.t oo buuxa.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Verner |first1=Miroslav |author-link=Miroslav Verner |last2=Bareš |first2=Ladislav |author-link2=Ladislav Bareš |last3=Vachala |first3=Břetislav |author-link3=Břetislav Vachala |year=2007|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt|publisher=Libri|place=Prague|isbn=978-80-7277-306-0 |pages=168}}</ref> Turjubaanka laga soo qaatay luqadda Masar, waxay ka dhigan tahay "madow" (ama qaab dheer "dhulka madow"), taas oo ka soo jeeda midabka madow ee dhoobada bacrin ah ee uu keenay Niil inta lagu jiro fatahaadaha sanadlaha ah (hadda aan sii dhicin sababtoo ah jiritaanka Biyo-xidheenka Assuan). Kemetics mararka qaarkood waxay ugu yeeraan ilaahyadii Masar ee hore Netjeru, oo sidoo kale loogu yeero Neteru ama Netjer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netjer {{!}} Kemet.org |url=https://www.kemet.org/taxonomy/term/123 |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=www.kemet.org}}</ref> Kemetics sidoo kale badanaa waxay doorbidaan inay ugu yeeraan Netjeru orthography caadiga ah ee Masar-ti aadaankii asalka ahaa: tusaale ahaan, waxay ugu yeeri lahaayeen Horus sida Heru iyo Anubis sida Anpu. == Dib-u-dhisidda == [[File:Ra_Barque.jpg|thumb|The traditional ancient idea of a solar god in a barque; his daily voyage across the sky (𓇯)]][[File:Isis_1652.jpg|thumb|Ancient Isis (ancient Egyptian Isis) in modern imagery; she holds a sistrum in her hand]] Qaar ka mid ah Kemetics ama hermeticists waxay sheeganayaan xiriir toos ah oo lala yeesho bulshada qarsoodiga ah ee la sheegay inay si joogto ah u jireen tan iyo markii la mamnuucay Paganism-ka uu sameeyay boqortooyada Roomaanka Theodosius I sannadkii 392 CE, ama tan iyo xiritaankii macbudkii Masar ee ugu dambeeyay (ee ilaahiyadda Isis ee jasiiradda Philae) waxaa sameeyay Boqor Justinian qiyaastii 535.<ref>{{Cite book |last=David(ova) |first=Rosalie |title=Religion and Magic of Ancient Egypt |publisher=BB/art |year=2006 |isbn=80-7341-698-0 |place=Prague |pages=333 |translator-last1=Vymazalová |translator-first1=Hana}}</ref><ref>Verner, Bareš, Vachala, p. 139</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sheegashooyinkan waa kuwo aan taariikh ahaan la caddayn karin.<ref>{{Cite book |author=DeTraci Regula |title=Isis and her mysteries: understanding the universal goddess |publisher=Book Club |year=2002 |isbn=80-242-0806-7 |place=Prague |pages=35 |translator-last1=Muková |translator-first1=Ivana}}</ref> Tan iyo xilligii Hellenistic, diinta Masar-ti aadaankii waxay saameyn ku yeelatay nidaamyo badan oo caqiido ah.<ref name="HORNUNG9">{{Cite book |last=Hornung |first=Erik |author-link=Erik Hornung |year=2002 |title=Mysterious Egypt: the roots of Hermetic wisdom |publisher=Paseka |place=Prague |translator-first1=Allan |translator-last1=Plzák |isbn=80-7185-436-0 |pages=9n, 175n}}</ref> Tusaale ahaan, Hermeticism waxay ku saleysan tahay wax-baridda Hermes Trismegistus (oo ah isku-darka ilaaha Giriigga Hermes iyo ilaaha Masar Thoth). Christianity-gii hore iyo kii dhexe sidoo kale waxay ku dareen fikirka Masar-ti aadaankii, oo ay ku jiraan khuraafaadka dheeraadka ah ee Baydka ee joogitaanka Ciise Masiix ee Masar, aqoonsiga awoodda Hermes Trismegistos ee Aabayaasha Kaniisadda iyo falsafada Dhexe, ama la qabsiga khuraafaadka la xiriira ilaahiyadda Isis.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Forman |first1=Werner |surname2=Quirke |first2=Stephen |year=1996 |title=Afterlife on the Nile |publisher=Opus Publishing |place=London |pages=17, 177n |translator-first1=Ladislav |translator-last1=Bareš}}</ref><ref>Hornung, p. 74n</ref> Khuraafaadkan badanaa waxay u tarjumaan dhaqanka Masar-ti aadaankii, diinta, iyo ilaahyada si calaamadaysan.<ref>see, e.g., {{Cite book |last=Kefer |first=John |author-link=Jan Kefer |year=1991 |title=Synthetic Magic |publisher=Trigon |place=Prague |isbn=80-85320-18-5 |pages=136n}}</ref> Taas beddelkeeda, ujeeddada kooxaha Kemetic waa soo celinta in ka yar ama ka badan oo adag ee nidaamka diinta ee qaabkeeda taariikhiga ah, in kasta oo Kemetists guud ahaan ay qirayaan in nuqul sax ah oo buuxa oo ah dhaqamada qadiimiga ah aan mar walba suurtagal ahayn ama xataa la talin karo.<ref name="NAYDLER8">{{Cite book |last1=Naydler |first1=Jeremy |year=1999 |title=Temple of the Cosmos: the Ancient Egyptian Experience of the Sacred |publisher=Volvox Globator |place=Prague |isbn=80-7207-245-5 |pages=8n |translator-first1=Miroslav |translator-last1=Krůta}}</ref> Diinta Masar-ti aadaankii waxay soo martay isbeddello adag oo wakhti ka waqti ah waxaana loo caabuday si kala duwan meelo kala duwan.<ref>{{Cite book |surname=David(ova) |first1=Rosalie |year=2006 |title=Religion and Magic of Ancient Egypt |publisher=BB/art |place=Prague |isbn=80-7341-698-0 |pages=68 |translator-first1=Hana |translator-last1=Vymazalová}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Assmann |first=Jan |author-link=Jan Assmann |year=2002 |title=Egypt: theology and piety of an early civilization |publisher=Oikuméné |place=Prague |isbn=80-7298-052-1 |pages= |translator-first1=Barbora |translator-last1=Krumphanzlová |translator-first2=Ladislav |translator-last2=Bareš}}</ref> Hal ilaah wuxuu yeelan karaa xiriirro khuraafaad oo kala duwan iyo siyaabo caabudaad oo ku jira nomes shakhsi ah ama xataa macbudyo shakhsi ah. Way adagtahay in la raadiyo qaab dhab ah oo asal ah oo ah diinta Masar oo si fudud loo tilmaami karo oo dib loo dhisi karo (eeg Reconstructionism). == Mabaadi'da Kemetism-ka == {{CSS image crop|Image=The judgement of the dead in the presence of Osiris.jpg|cHeight=120|cWidth=250|oTop=50|bSize=1100|oLeft=9|Location=right|Description=Hunefer wuxuu jilba joogsadaa si uu u caabudo hortooda shirkad ilaahyo ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=papyrus {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA9901-3 |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=www.britishmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref>}} [[File:800px-Louvre_Re_tete_faucon2.jpg|thumb|Sun god as "Lord of Order"]] Hal mabda' muhiim ah oo Kemetism ah waa maat, nidaam. Fikraddan waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah saldhigyada fikirka diimeed ee dadkii hore ee Masar - dhawrkeeda waxaa loogu talagalay inay xaqiijiso xasiloonida adduunka iyo socodkeeda nidaamsan. Muhiimadeeda waxaa ka muuqata xaqiiqda ah xataa faraonkii, oo loo fahmay inuu ahaa qof ilaah ah, inta badan waxaa lagu eedeeyay inuu mas'uuliyad ka saaran yahay oo uu wax ku biiriyo maat. Astaanta fikradda diinta Masar-ti aadaankii waxay ahayd ilaahiyadda magaca leh Maat iyo calaamadeeda baaliga gorayada. Natiijo ahaan, ixtiraamka xeerarka dhammaan noocyada ah ee qof kasta wuxuu ahaa mid la mid ah taageerada iyo dayactirka nidaamka caalamiga ah, halka aan la dhawrin ay horseedi karto burburkeeda. Burburka maat wuxuu horseedi lahaa dhimashada adduunka iyo guusha fowdada. Si loo raadiyo maat, dadka ku dhaqma Kemetism waxay raaci karaan fikradaha anshaxa ee adkaada iyo akhlaaqda wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jiro qoraal si cad u xiraya oo qeexaya caadooyinka anshaxa. == Dhaqanka diinta == [[File:Naos_kemeti.JPG|thumb|A Kemetic altar with a small offering]] [[File:Mezaenaset's household Kemetic Shrine.jpg|thumb|Household Kemetic shrine]] Dhaqanka Masar-ti aadaankii wuxuu sharfay maat, fikrad ka kooban runta iyo sharafta. Caabudaadda cibaadada ee ilaahyada ee raadinta maat sidaas darteed waxaa loo arkaa mid quduus ah. Ilaahyadii hore ee Masar ee caanka ahaa ee la caabudo waxaa ka mid ah Ra, Amun, Isis iyo Osiris, Thoth, Sekhmet, Bastet, Hathor, iyo kuwo kale. Caabudaaddani guud ahaan waxay qaadataa qaab ducada, qurbaan, iyo dejinta meelaha allabariga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-08 |title=Kemetic Starter Guide |url=https://thetwistedrope.wordpress.com/kemeticism/kemetic-starter-guide/ |access-date=2018-12-12 |website=The Twisted Rope |language=en}}</ref> Meelaha allabariga waxaa inta badan la dhisyaa iyadoo la isticmaalaya taallo ama matalaad laba-cabbir ah oo ka mid ah hal ama in ka badan oo ilaahyo ah, maadaama ay u adeegaan sidii xarunta diiradda ee caabudaadda.<ref>{{Cite book |author=DeTraci Regula |year=2002 |title=Isis a její mystéria : poznání univerzální bohyně |publisher=Book Club |pages=17 |isbn=80-242-0806-7 |place=Prague |translator-first1=Ivana |translator-last1=Muková}}</ref> Waxyaabaha dheeraadka ah ee meesha allabariga waxaa ka mid ah shumac, qurbaan loogu talagalay, tusbaxyo duco, gubasho uunsiga, iyo hal ama in ka badan oo suxuun ah oo loogu talagalay qurbaanka cuntada.<ref>{{Cite book |last=LaBorde |first=Sharon |title=Following the Sun: A Practical Guide to Egyptian Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/followingsunprac0000labo |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-365-87722-3 |edition=New Revised}}</ref> Inta badan qurbaanka Kemetic waxay isku dayaan inay ilaashadaan dhaqanka, iyagoo bixinaya shay isku mid ah ama la mid ah oo ay Masriyiintii hore bixin lahaayeen. == Ururada Kemetism-ka == === Kemetic Orthodoxy === {{Main|Kemetic Orthodoxy}} [[File:Truth and Mother Temple.jpg|thumbnail|The Truth and the Mother, the main shrine of Kemetic Orthodoxy]] Bulshada Mareykanka ee Kemetic Orthodoxy waxaa la aas aasay 1980-meeyadii. Waxay isu keentaa xubno ka kala yimid gobollo kala duwan, iyo sida uu qabo dabeecadeeda, waxay isku daydaa inay raacdo dhaqanka Masar sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah oo ay dib u soo noolayso.<ref name="kemet.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemet.org/nisutAUS.html|title=Biography of Hekatawa I, our Nisut (AUS)|language=English|access-date=2008-08-19|archive-date=2011-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111174240/http://www.kemet.org/nisutAUS.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gabi ahaanba ruuxaas, waxaa madax u ah maamul (hadda Tamara Siuda) oo isticmaalaya qaar ka mid ah cinwaannada iyo sifooyinka kale ee Faraonnadii hore ee Masar. Waxaa loo fahmay inay tahay qaab-muujinta hadda ee ka boqortooyada ah, dahabka ku dhex jira ruuxa Hora, oo ah dhinac ka mid ah ilaahnimada oo lagu muujiyey qaab bini'aadam ah oo ah hoggaamiye ruuxi ah bulshada dhexdeeda.<ref name="kemet.org"/> Dhanka kale, waa dhaqdhaqaaqan halkaas oo ka bixitaanka fikradda dhaqameed (oo ah tan ugu dhow diinta Masar) ee ilaah/ilaahyada, lagu muujiyey fikradda monolatry oo ah caqiidada rasmiga ah, ay tahay mid aad u cad.<ref name="ORTHO" /> === Fellowship of Isis === {{Main|Fellowship of Isis}} Nooc kale oo ka mid ah ururka Kemetic waa Fellowship of Isis, oo lagu sameeyay Ireland. Waxay kaga duwan tahay inta badan kuwa kale in, iyadoo la raacaya qaabka xilligii dambe ee dareenka henoteistic, ay diiradda saarto cibaadada ilaahiyadda Isis, oo loo beddelay jawiga Giriigga qadiimiga ah iyo Roomaanka. Sidaa darteed dhaqanka Masar waa la beddelay isaga oo ay ugu wacan tahay tarjumaaddoodii hore, syncretism diimeed, iyo multiculturalism casriga ah.<ref>See the book {{Cite book |first=DeTraci |last=Regula |year=2002 |title=Isis and her mysteries: the knowledge of a universal goddess |publisher=Book Club |place=Prague |translator-first1=Ivana |translator-last1=Muková |isbn=80-242-0806-7}}, which is not, however, the official text of the community.</ref> === Ausar Auset Society === {{Main|Ausar Auset Society}} Ausar Auset Society waa urur ruuxi ah oo Pan-African ah oo la aas aasay 1973 waxaa aas aasay Ra Un Nefer Amen.<ref>{{cite book |last=Asante & Mazama |title=''Encyclopedia of Black Studies'' |publisher=Sage Publications |year=2005 |page=104}}</ref> Waxay xarunteedu tahay Brooklyn, New York. Waxay isticmaalaan bilicda Masar-ti aadaankii sida saldhigga diintooda. === Kuwo kale === Bulshooyinka kale ee Kemetist waxaa ka mid ah The Living Nuhati, iyo Ta Noutri ee Faransiiska ah ee shaqada ka tagtay.<ref>Ta Noutri is referred to as a Kemetic organization by the website [http://liens.religion.info/index.php?id=186 Religioscope] {{Wayback|url=http://liens.religion.info/index.php?id=186 |date=20071124085529 }} iyo the website [http://www.unisson06.org/annuaire/liens_spiritualite.htm Unisson]</ref> == Fiiro gaar ah == {{Reflist}} == Tixraacyada == {{More footnotes needed|date=May 2011}} * Marilyn C. Krogh; Brooke Ashley Pillifant, ''Kemetic Orthodoxy: Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Internet: A Research Note'', Sociology of Religion (2004). *Ellen Cannon Reed, ''Circle of Isis: Ancient Egyptian Magic for Modern Witches'' (2002), {{ISBN|978-1-56414-568-0}}. *J. G. Melton, ''Encyclopedia of American Religions'', 5th ed., Detroit (1996). == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category-inline|Kemetism}} 3ammwnetmuld6r18s7ldl3jx9vpjtmd 10 53086 309374 2026-09-24T14:19:52Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{1<noinclude>|Template:Cycling showdata</noinclude>}}} | team link = Visma–Lease a Bike (men's team) | team name = Visma–Lease a Bike | team name-1984 = Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | team name-1985 = Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | team name-1986 = Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | team name-1987 = Superconfex–Kwantum–Yoko–Colnago | team name-1988 = Superconfex–Yoko–Opel–Colnago | team name-1989 = Superconfex–Yoko–Opel–Colnago | team name-1990 = Buckler–Colnago–De... 309374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|Template:Cycling showdata</noinclude>}}} | team link = Visma–Lease a Bike (men's team) | team name = Visma–Lease a Bike | team name-1984 = Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | team name-1985 = Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | team name-1986 = Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko | team name-1987 = Superconfex–Kwantum–Yoko–Colnago | team name-1988 = Superconfex–Yoko–Opel–Colnago | team name-1989 = Superconfex–Yoko–Opel–Colnago | team name-1990 = Buckler–Colnago–Decca | team name-1991 = Buckler–Colnago–Decca | team name-1992 = Buckler–Colnago–Decca | team name-1993 = WordPerfect–Colnago–Decca | team name-1994 = WordPerfect–Colnago–Decca | team name-1995 = Novell–Decca–Colnago | team name-1996 = Rabobank | team name-1997 = Rabobank | team name-1998 = Rabobank | team name-1999 = Rabobank | team name-2000 = Rabobank | team name-2001 = Rabobank | team name-2002 = Rabobank | team name-2003 = Rabobank | team name-2004 = Rabobank | team name-2005 = Rabobank | team name-2006 = Rabobank | team name-2007 = Rabobank | team name-2008 = Rabobank | team name-2009 = Rabobank | team name-2010 = Rabobank | team name-2011 = Rabobank | team name-2012 = Rabobank | team name-2013a = Blanco Pro Cycling | team name-2013b = Belkin Pro Cycling | team name-2014 = Belkin Pro Cycling | team name-2015 = LottoNL–Jumbo | team name-2016 = LottoNL–Jumbo | team name-2017 = LottoNL–Jumbo | team name-2018 = LottoNL–Jumbo | team name-2019 = Team Jumbo–Visma | team name-2020 = Team Jumbo–Visma | team name-2021 = Team Jumbo–Visma | team name-2022 = Team Jumbo–Visma | team name-2023 = Team Jumbo–Visma | team name-2024 = Visma–Lease a Bike | team name-2025 = Visma–Lease a Bike | team name-2026 = Visma–Lease a Bike | year = {{{year|}}} }}<noinclude> [[Category:Cycling team data|TVL]] </noinclude> 1s2em4nidtixzpjkysl0gqbarvmesmk 10 53087 309375 2026-09-24T14:20:33Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{1<noinclude>|Template:Cycling showdata</noinclude>}}} | team link = Lotto–Intermarché | team name = Lotto–Intermarché | team name-1985 = Lotto | team name-1986a = Lotto–Emerxil–Merckx | team name-1986b = Joker–Emerxil–Merckx | team name-1987a = Lotto–Merckx | team name-1987b = Joker–Merckx | team name-1988a = Lotto | team name-1988b = Lotto–Vlaanderen–Jong–Mbk–Merckx | team name-1989 = Lotto–Vlaanderen–Jong–Mbk–Merckx | team name-1990 = Lot... 309375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|Template:Cycling showdata</noinclude>}}} | team link = Lotto–Intermarché | team name = Lotto–Intermarché | team name-1985 = Lotto | team name-1986a = Lotto–Emerxil–Merckx | team name-1986b = Joker–Emerxil–Merckx | team name-1987a = Lotto–Merckx | team name-1987b = Joker–Merckx | team name-1988a = Lotto | team name-1988b = Lotto–Vlaanderen–Jong–Mbk–Merckx | team name-1989 = Lotto–Vlaanderen–Jong–Mbk–Merckx | team name-1990 = Lotto–Superclub | team name-1991 = Lotto | team name-1992 = Lotto–Mavic–MBK | team name-1993 = Lotto | team name-1994 = Lotto | team name-1995 = Lotto–Isoglass | team name-1996 = Lotto | team name-1997 = Lotto–Mobistar–Isoglass | team name-1998 = Lotto–Mobistar | team name-1999 = Lotto–Mobistar | team name-2000 = Lotto–Adecco | team name-2001 = Lotto–Adecco | team name-2002 = Lotto–Adecco | team name-2003 = Lotto–Domo | team name-2004 = Lotto–Domo | team name-2005 = Davitamon–Lotto | team name-2006 = Davitamon–Lotto | team name-2007 = Predictor–Lotto | team name-2008 = Silence–Lotto | team name-2009 = Silence–Lotto | team name-2010 = Omega Pharma–Lotto | team name-2011 = Omega Pharma–Lotto | team name-2012 = Lotto–Belisol | team name-2013 = Lotto–Belisol | team name-2014 = Lotto–Belisol | team name-2015 = Lotto–Soudal | team name-2016 = Lotto–Soudal | team name-2017 = Lotto–Soudal | team name-2018 = Lotto–Soudal | team name-2019 = Lotto–Soudal | team name-2020 = Lotto–Soudal | team name-2021 = Lotto–Soudal | team name-2022 = Lotto–Soudal | team name-2023 = Lotto–Dstny | team name-2024 = Lotto–Dstny | team name-2025 = Lotto | team name-2026 = Lotto–Intermarché | year = {{{year|}}} }}<noinclude> [[Category:Cycling team data|LTD]] </noinclude> 1zyomm11d6zw2ecacvasn4n53s68b1e 10 53088 309376 2026-09-24T14:21:26Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}trim|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| # First check whether this is a year or a decade: YYYY or YYY0s # No regexes, so check separately for "YYYY" and "YYY0s" # In each case, the find function returns 0 for a nomatch, and 1 for a match, # so we add the two together and take a total of 0 as an error }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|find|{{{1|}}}|^%s*%d?%d?%d?%d%s*$|plain=false}} + {{... 309376 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}trim|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| # First check whether this is a year or a decade: YYYY or YYY0s # No regexes, so check separately for "YYYY" and "YYY0s" # In each case, the find function returns 0 for a nomatch, and 1 for a match, # so we add the two together and take a total of 0 as an error }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|find|{{{1|}}}|^%s*%d?%d?%d?%d%s*$|plain=false}} + {{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|find|{{{1|}}}|^%s*%d?%d?%d?0s%s*$|plain=false}} }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| }}|0{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| }}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| # Doesn't match, so do nothing unless the "nomatch" parameter is set }}{{{nomatch|}}}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| }}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| # We have a match # Years and decades need different calculations }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|match|{{{1|}}}|^%s*%d?%d?%d?%ds%s*$|1|1|false|%%NOMATCH%%}}|%%NOMATCH%%{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| }}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| # It's a year }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Ordinal|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr: 1 + floor(({{{1|}}} - 1) / 100)}}}}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| }}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| # It's a decade }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Ordinal|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr: 1 + floor(({{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|replace|{{{1|}}}|^%s*(%d?%d?%d?0)s%s*$|%1|1|false}} + 5) / 100)}}}}}}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| # Now use a dash if the "dash" parameter is set to yes, true, or 1 }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: {{{2|}}}|dash{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| }}|&#45;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| }}|&#32;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| }}}}century{{{{{|safesubst:}}}void| -->}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> nk8w2abf5ge9qle842qoszdbewdjg50 10 53089 309377 2026-09-24T14:22:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#expr:{{title year}} +1}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#expr:{{title year}} +1}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 4f9jm6l32m0oh1tym72fuxg46562kvx 10 53090 309378 2026-09-24T14:22:25Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|match|{{{page|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|%d%d%d%d–%d%d%d?%d?|match={{{1|{{{match|1}}}}}}|nomatch={{{2|{{{nomatch|}}}}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|match|{{{page|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|%d%d%d%d–%d%d%d?%d?|match={{{1|{{{match|1}}}}}}|nomatch={{{2|{{{nomatch|}}}}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> r7zoz62t0hbyzzkbbhts3svbrym6mco 10 53091 309379 2026-09-24T14:22:47Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Year2range|{{Title year}}|{{{1|1}}}}}<noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}}<!-- --></noinclude> 309379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Year2range|{{Title year}}|{{{1|1}}}}}<noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}}<!-- --></noinclude> cxm7lbqtvdtxurbpp4u4ad66tm8s87l 10 53092 309380 2026-09-24T14:23:10Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|match|1={{{1}}}|2=^%d?%d?%d?%d$|nomatch=}}||{{Error|Error!! [[:Template:Year2range]] expects a number of up to four digits.}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:ustring|gsub|\{{{1}}}–{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1}}}+{{{2|1}}}}}|^([0-9]*)([0-9][0-9])–%1([0-9][0-9])$|%1%2–%3}}}}}}<noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 309380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|match|1={{{1}}}|2=^%d?%d?%d?%d$|nomatch=}}||{{Error|Error!! [[:Template:Year2range]] expects a number of up to four digits.}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:ustring|gsub|\{{{1}}}–{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1}}}+{{{2|1}}}}}|^([0-9]*)([0-9][0-9])–%1([0-9][0-9])$|%1%2–%3}}}}}}<noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 2cmhnsc4vflm1yrsd9m7uszmw7x9v70 10 53093 309381 2026-09-24T14:23:39Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if:{{Title year}}|{{Year2range|{{#expr:{{Title year}}+1}}|{{{1|1}}}}}|}}<noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}}<!-- --></noinclude> 309381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{Title year}}|{{Year2range|{{#expr:{{Title year}}+1}}|{{{1|1}}}}}|}}<noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}}<!-- --></noinclude> oad5tnxwgxklqh9n2gykg7uuqqv4hjp 10 53094 309382 2026-09-24T14:25:20Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{page|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}} | {{#invoke:String|replace|source={{{page|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|pattern=^.-(%d+)[snrt][tdh][ \-]century.*$|replace=%1|count=1|plain=false}}<!-- -->|<!-- ######### input and output are the same, so there was no match ######### -->{{{nomatch|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ######### input and output are different, so we have a match ######### ######### Now return that match #########... 309382 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{page|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}} | {{#invoke:String|replace|source={{{page|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|pattern=^.-(%d+)[snrt][tdh][ \-]century.*$|replace=%1|count=1|plain=false}}<!-- -->|<!-- ######### input and output are the same, so there was no match ######### -->{{{nomatch|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ######### input and output are different, so we have a match ######### ######### Now return that match ######### -->{{#invoke:String|replace|source={{{page|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|pattern=^.-(%d+)[snrt][tdh][ \-]century.*$|replace=%1|count=1|plain=false}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1r2k7ot3vtyvq8e2amt9hljmg04ez6b 10 53095 309383 2026-09-24T14:25:47Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly><!-- -->{{Century name from decade or year|{{Title year}}|{{{1|}}}|nomatch={{{nomatch|}}}}}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}}<!-- --></noinclude> 309383 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{Century name from decade or year|{{Title year}}|{{{1|}}}|nomatch={{{nomatch|}}}}}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}}<!-- --></noinclude> k0deg3b789wg98n3vcs57vbmpsjswtb 10 53096 309384 2026-09-24T14:26:14Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Century name from decade or year|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Title decade}}s|{{{1|}}}|nomatch={{{nomatch|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309384 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Century name from decade or year|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Title decade}}s|{{{1|}}}|nomatch={{{nomatch|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 8vi8ezktbq60tyf61asqo17erg0t5hz 10 53097 309385 2026-09-24T14:26:49Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|sub|s={{{1|{{{s|}}}}}}|i={{{2|{{{i|1}}}}}}|j={{{3|{{{j|-1}}}}}}|no_category={{{nocategory|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309385 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:String|sub|s={{{1|{{{s|}}}}}}|i={{{2|{{{i|1}}}}}}|j={{{3|{{{j|-1}}}}}}|no_category={{{nocategory|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> jmgysdx9kjpv1cd6ucxxmxqkr4axzf7 10 53098 309386 2026-09-24T14:27:27Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:String | sub | s={{{1|}}} | 1 | {{safesubst:#expr: -{{{2|1}}} - 1}} | ignore_errors=true }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 309386 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:String | sub | s={{{1|}}} | 1 | {{safesubst:#expr: -{{{2|1}}} - 1}} | ignore_errors=true }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> n0lrovj1bv85hf3j8hj0ny8majdzr3h 828 53099 309388 2026-09-24T14:28:35Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: require[[strict]] local p = {} function p._rightc(str, count, empty) str = mw.text.trim(str or '') if '' == str then return mw.text.trim(empty or '') end count = tonumber(count or '') if nil == count then return str end if count <= 0 then return '' end return mw.ustring.sub(str, -count) end function p.rightc(frame) local args = frame.args if '' == (args.notemplate or '') then args = frame:getParent().args end return p._rightc(args[1], args[2], args[3]) end... 309388 Scribunto text/plain require[[strict]] local p = {} function p._rightc(str, count, empty) str = mw.text.trim(str or '') if '' == str then return mw.text.trim(empty or '') end count = tonumber(count or '') if nil == count then return str end if count <= 0 then return '' end return mw.ustring.sub(str, -count) end function p.rightc(frame) local args = frame.args if '' == (args.notemplate or '') then args = frame:getParent().args end return p._rightc(args[1], args[2], args[3]) end return p r1jxmcgwujh9vwabv7fhkrb8gi4ujb5 10 53100 309389 2026-09-24T14:29:57Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{safesubst<noinclude/>:#invoke:String|replace|source={{{1|}}}|pattern=^(%s*)(%[*)(.-)(%]*)(%s*)$|replace=%3|plain=false}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst<noinclude/>:#invoke:String|replace|source={{{1|}}}|pattern=^(%s*)(%[*)(.-)(%]*)(%s*)$|replace=%3|plain=false}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> r7hs0erjcmnhmu1szv65f17nn7twmo1 10 53101 309390 2026-09-24T14:30:26Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#switch:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:String2|matchAny |^%[%[:|^%[%[|^%[|^https?://|^//|^{|source={{{1}}}|plain=false}} | 1 | 3 = {{{1}}} | 2 = [[:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:string|sub|{{{1|}}}|3|-3}}]] | 4 | 5 = {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{2|}}}|[{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:1|{{{1}}}}} {{{2}}}]|[{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:1|{{{1}}}}}]}} | 6 = [[:{{{1}}}]] |#default=:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>FU... 309390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#switch:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:String2|matchAny |^%[%[:|^%[%[|^%[|^https?://|^//|^{|source={{{1}}}|plain=false}} | 1 | 3 = {{{1}}} | 2 = [[:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:string|sub|{{{1|}}}|3|-3}}]] | 4 | 5 = {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{2|}}}|[{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:1|{{{1}}}}} {{{2}}}]|[{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:1|{{{1}}}}}]}} | 6 = [[:{{{1}}}]] |#default=[[:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>FULLPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{2|}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>!}}{{{2}}}}}]] }}|{{{2|}}}}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 3ad85b2eygmdhorpn4n2sbabxhv6b6o 10 53102 309391 2026-09-24T14:31:11Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{1|}}} | {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}NAMESPACE:{{{1|}}}}} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}ns:Category}} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}FULLPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}ns:Category}}:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:X|{{{1|}}}}} }} | }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{1|}}} | {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}NAMESPACE:{{{1|}}}}} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}ns:Category}} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}FULLPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}ns:Category}}:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:X|{{{1|}}}}} }} | }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6jn32kix5z3h9f0sh850p21cdxh7kjc 10 53103 309392 2026-09-24T14:33:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [[{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE|{{{1}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 309392 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE|{{{1}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> t7r5bzcdcbdl9atfr31s7oa4mkij4zb 10 53104 309394 2026-09-24T14:35:30Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{subst:dtag|nowiki|{{{1|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309394 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{subst:dtag|nowiki|{{{1|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> kjyfu85yh0tqw5az35ynytohjdzmtgv 10 53105 309395 2026-09-24T14:35:55Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#invoke:Unstrip|unstripNoWiki|{{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 309395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Unstrip|unstripNoWiki|{{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 35pgdh1bd7wxuemlyvywm6cqsedyi02 10 53106 309396 2026-09-24T14:36:19Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{MultiReplace|{{{1}}}|plain=yes|{{{<noinclude/>{|<}}}|{|{{{!|!}}}|{{!}}|{{{}|>}}}|}<noinclude/>}}<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 309396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MultiReplace|{{{1}}}|plain=yes|{{{<noinclude/>{|<}}}|{|{{{!|!}}}|{{!}}|{{{}|>}}}|}<noinclude/>}}<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> mxef9w8cufpnk5sk1v4164qo08vt26n 10 53107 309397 2026-09-24T14:36:47Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#invoke:Unstrip|unstrip|{{{1}}}}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Unstrip|unstrip|{{{1}}}}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 4qxwa7jyxmx495pckoibhv2r3japik8 10 53108 309398 2026-09-24T14:39:49Z Isma4l 41797 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Platinum=500000}} }} |0 }} |2|3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=250000| Platinum=500000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=150000| Platinum=300000|Diamond=1000000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=200000| Platinum=400000|Diamond=1000000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=300000| Platinum=600000|Diamond=1500000}} }} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=300000| Platinum=600000|Diamond=1500000}} }} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/GermanPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr: {{{certyear}}} <= 1987 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=500000| Platinum=1000000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=250000| Platinum=500000}} }} |0 }} |2|3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=250000| Platinum=500000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=150000| Platinum=300000|Diamond=1000000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=200000| Platinum=400000|Diamond=1000000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=300000| Platinum=600000|Diamond=1500000}} }} }} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=25000 | Platinum=50000}} |jazz={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=10000 | Platinum=20000}} }} |Greece={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/GreekPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0|7=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=50000| Platinum=100000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=6000| Platinum=12000}} }} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/GreekPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0|7=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=50000| Platinum=100000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=3000| Platinum=6000}} }} }} |video={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/GreekPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0|7=0 |1|2|3|4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=3000| Platinum=6000}} }} |single={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} >= 2021 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=1000000| Platinum=2000000|Diamond=10000000}} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/GreekPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3|4={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=3000| Platinum=6000}} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=1000000| Platinum=2000000|Diamond=10000000}} }} }} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/GreekPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3|4={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=3000| Platinum=6000}} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=1000000| Platinum=2000000|Diamond=10000000}} }} }} }} |Hong Kong={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/HongKongPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true|{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}}|{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}}}} |2=0 |3={{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true|{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}}|{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}}}} |4={{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true|{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}}|{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}}}}}} |Hungary={{#if:{{{year|}}} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/HungarianPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=100000| Platinum=200000|Diamond=400000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=50000| Platinum=100000|Diamond=200000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} |8|9={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=2000| Platinum=4000}} }} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/HungarianPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0|1|2|3=0 |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} |6|7={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=3000| Platinum=6000}} |8={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=1000| Platinum=2000}} |9={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=2000| Platinum=4000}} }} }} |single={{#if:{{{year|}}} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/HungarianPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3|4={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=2500| Platinum=5000}} |6|7|8={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=1500| Platinum=3000}} |9={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=2000| Platinum=4000}} }} |0 }} |video={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/HungarianPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3|4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=3000| Platinum=6000}} |6|7|8={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=2000| Platinum=4000}} |9=0 }} }} |0 }} |Ireland={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album|single={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}} | Gold=2000| Platinum=4000}}}} |Italy={{#if:{{{certyear|}}}{{{year|}}} |{{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 2009 |{{#if:{{{year|}}} |{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/ItalianHelper|award={{{award|}}}|year={{{year|}}}|type={{{type}}}}} |0 }} |{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/ItalianHelper|award={{{award|}}}|year={{{certyear|}}}|week={{{certweek|}}}|type={{{type}}}}} }} |{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/ItalianHelper|award={{{award|}}}|year={{{year|}}}|type={{{type}}}}} }} |0 }} |Japan={{#ifeq:{{{streamsonly|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Silver=30000000| Gold=50000000 | Platinum=100000000|Diamond=500000000}} |{{#ifeq:{{{award|}}}|Million |1000000 |{{#ifeq:{{{digital|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=100000| Platinum=250000}} |{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|ringtone |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=100000| Platinum=250000}} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/JapanesePeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=200000| Platinum=400000}} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=100000| Platinum=200000}} |single={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000}} }} }} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=100000| Platinum=250000}} }} }} }} }} }} |Netherlands={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} >= 2024 |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} | single = {{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=46500| Platinum=93000| Diamond=232500}} | album = {{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=18600| Platinum=37200| Diamond=93000}} | jazz = {{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=9300| Platinum=18600 | Diamond=46500}} }} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/DutchPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=80000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=35000| Platinum=70000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |8|9|10|11= {{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} }} |single={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/DutchPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=100000| Platinum=150000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=75000| Platinum=100000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=75000}} |4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=60000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |8|9={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} |10={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |11={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=80000}} }} |video={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/DutchPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3|4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=80000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |7|8={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |9|10|11={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} }} |jazz={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/DutchPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3|4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=25000}} |6|7|8|9|10|11={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} }} }} }} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/DutchPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=80000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=35000| Platinum=70000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |8|9|10|11={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |12={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=18600| Platinum=37200| Diamond=93000}} }} |single={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/DutchPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=100000| Platinum=150000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=75000| Platinum=100000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=75000}} |4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=60000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |8|9={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} |10={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |11={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=80000}} |12={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=46500| Platinum=93000| Diamond=232500}} }} |video={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/DutchPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3|4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=80000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |7|8={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |9|10|11={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |12=0 }} |jazz={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/DutchPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3|4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=25000}} |6|7|8|9|10|11={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |12={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=9300| Platinum=18600 | Diamond=46500}} }} }} }} |New Zealand={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album|compilation={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=2500| Platinum=5000}} |single={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/NewZealandPeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}|day={{{certday|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Silver=5000 |Gold= 10000| Platinum=20000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold= 5000| Platinum=10000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold= 7500| Platinum=15000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/NewZealandPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Silver=5000 |Gold= 10000| Platinum=20000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold= 5000| Platinum=10000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold= 7500| Platinum=15000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} }} }} |Nigeria={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Silver=12500|Gold=25000|Platinum=50000}} |single={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Silver=25000|Gold=50000|Platinum=100000}} }} |Norway={{#ifeq:{{{streamsonly|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=1500000|Platinum=3000000}} |{{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} >= 2018 |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} | album= {{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} | single= {{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} | video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} }} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} <!-- Same code below, remember to copy --> |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/NorwegianPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |3|4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} }} |single= {{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/NorwegianPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0|1=0 |2|3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} }} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} }} }} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} <!-- Same code below, remember to copy --> |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/NorwegianPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |3|4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} }} |single= {{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/NorwegianPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} }} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} }} }} }} |Philippines={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/PhilippinesPeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |0|1|3=0 |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=20000| Platinum=40000|Diamond=400000}} |4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=15000| Platinum=30000|Diamond=300000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=12500| Platinum=25000|Diamond=250000}} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=10000| Platinum=20000|Diamond=200000}} |8={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=7500| Platinum=15000|Diamond=150000}}}} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/PhilippinesPeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |0|1|3=0 |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=20000| Platinum=40000|Diamond=400000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=15000| Platinum=30000|Diamond=300000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=10000| Platinum=20000|Diamond=200000}} |6|7|8={{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=7500| Platinum=15000|Diamond=150000}}}}}} |single={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/PhilippinesPeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7=0 |8 = {{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=75000| Platinum=150000}}}} |video={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/PhilippinesPeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7=0 |8 = {{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}}}}}} |Poland={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000| Diamond=50000}} |single={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 2021 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000| Diamond=100000}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} = 2021 |{{#if:{{{certmonth|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certmonth}}} < 8 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000| Diamond=100000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000| Diamond=250000}} }} |0 }} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 2025 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000| Diamond=250000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=62500| Platinum=125000| Diamond=500000}} }} }} }} |0 }} |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/PolishPeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=100000| Platinum=200000| Diamond=1000000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000| Diamond=500000}} }} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000| Diamond=500000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=35000| Platinum=70000| Diamond=350000}} |4={{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=35000| Platinum=70000| Diamond=350000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000| Diamond=200000}} }} |5={{#if:{{{year|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} < 2005 |{{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=35000| Platinum=70000| Diamond=350000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000| Diamond=200000}} }} |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} = 2005 |{{#if:{{{month|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{month}}} < 7 |{{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=35000| Platinum=70000| Diamond=350000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000| Diamond=200000}} }} |{{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000| Diamond=150000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000| Diamond=100000}} }} }} |0 }} |{{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000| Diamond=150000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000| Diamond=100000}} }} }} }} |0 }} |6={{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000| Diamond=150000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000| Diamond=100000}} }} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000| Diamond=150000}} }} |jazz={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/PolishPeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000| Diamond=100000}} |3|4|5|6|7={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000| Diamond=50000}} }} }} |Portugal={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 2024 |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} <!-- Code repeated below. This refers to certifications made before 2024 --> |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/PortuguesePeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Silver=10000 | Gold=20000| Platinum=40000|Diamond=350000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |3|4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=3500| Platinum=7000|Diamond=70000}} }} |single={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/PortuguesePeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Silver=10000 | Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |2|3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000|Diamond=100000}} }} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=4000| Platinum=8000}} }} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=3500| Platinum=7000|Diamond=70000}} |single={{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} = 2024 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000|Diamond=100000}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} = 2025 |{{#if:{{{certweek|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certweek}}} <= 26 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000|Diamond=100000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=12000| Platinum=25000|Diamond=250000}} }} |0 }} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=12000| Platinum=25000|Diamond=250000}} }} }} }} }} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} <!-- Code repeated from above. This refers to certifications with no certification date, assumed to be made before 2024 --> |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/PortuguesePeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Silver=10000 | Gold=20000| Platinum=40000|Diamond=350000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |3|4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=3500| Platinum=7000|Diamond=70000}} }} |single={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/PortuguesePeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Silver=10000 | Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |2|3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000|Diamond=100000}} }} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=4000| Platinum=8000}} }} }} |Russia={{#ifeq:{{{award|}}}|Million |1000000 |{{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/RussianPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000|Diamond=300000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000|Diamond=100000}} }} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |ringtone={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=100000| Platinum=200000}} }} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/RussianPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000|Diamond=200000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000|Diamond=30000}} }} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=3000| Platinum=6000}} |ringtone={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=100000| Platinum=200000}} }} }} }} |Singapore={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 2007 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} = 2007 |{{#if:{{{certmonth|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certmonth}}} < 8 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=6000| Platinum=12000}} }} |0 }} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} = 2008 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=6000| Platinum=12000}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} = 2009 |{{#if:{{{certmonth|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certmonth}}} < 12 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=6000| Platinum=12000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} }} |0 }} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} }} }} }} }} |0 }} |single={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} }} |South Africa={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 2024 |{{#if:{{{year|}}} <!-- Code repeated below, this is for certifications before 2024 --> |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} < 2006 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} = 2006 |{{#if:{{{month|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{month}}} < 8 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} }} |0 }} |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} < 2015 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} = 2015 |{{#if:{{{month|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{month}}} < 12 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} |0 }} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} }} }} }} |0 }} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} }} |{{#if:{{{year|}}} <!-- Code repeated from above, this is for certifications with no certyear, assumed to be before 2024 for backwards compatibility --> |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} < 2006 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} = 2006 |{{#if:{{{month|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{month}}} < 8 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} }} |0 }} |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} < 2015 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} = 2015 |{{#if:{{{month|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{month}}} < 12 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} |0 }} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} }} }} }} |0 }} }} |single={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 2016 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=25000}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 2024 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} }} }} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000}} <!-- For backwards compatibility --> }} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}}<!-- This refers to DVD since "music video" certification was never awarded--> }} |South Korea={{#ifeq:{{{streamsonly|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Platinum=100000000|Billion=1000000000}} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Platinum=250000| Million=1000000}} |single={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Platinum=2500000| Diamond=10000000}} }} }} |Spain={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/SpanishAlbumsPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}|day={{{day|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=80000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} }} |ringtone={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |single={{#ifeq:{{{streamsonly|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=4000000| Platinum=8000000}} |{{#ifeq:{{{digital|}}}|true |{{#if:{{{year|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{year}}} < 2009 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} }} |0 }} |{{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} >= 2022 |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/SpanishSinglesPeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000}} }} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/SpanishSinglesPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=25000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} }} }} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/SpanishSinglesPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=25000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000}} }} }} }} }} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=25000}} }} |Sweden={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} >= 2018 |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} | album= {{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} | single= {{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 2024 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=4000000| Platinum=8000000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=6000000| Platinum=12000000}} }} | video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} }} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} <!-- Same code below, remember to copy. Options 7|8 are irrelevant here and only added for reference --> |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/SwedishPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=80000}} |3|4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |5|6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |7|8={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} |single={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/SwedishPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |2|3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} |4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=4000000| Platinum=8000000}} |8={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=6000000| Platinum=12000000}} }} |video={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/SwedishPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3|4|5|6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |7|8={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} }} }} }} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} <!-- Same code above --> |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/SwedishPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum=100000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=40000| Platinum=80000}} |3|4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=30000| Platinum=60000}} |5|6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |7|8={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} |single={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/SwedishPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |2|3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} |4|5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |7={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=4000000| Platinum=8000000}} |8={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=6000000| Platinum=12000000}} }} |video={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/SwedishPeriod|year={{{year|}}}|month={{{month|}}}}} |0=0 |1|2|3|4|5|6={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |7|8={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum=10000}} }} }} }} |Switzerland={{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|video |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=3000| Platinum=6000}} |{{#if:{{{year|}}} |{{#ifexpr: {{{year}}} < 2001 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum=50000}} |{{#ifexpr: {{{year}}} < 2006 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum=40000}} |{{#ifexpr: {{{year}}} < 2007 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} |{{#ifexpr: {{{year}}} < 2013 |{{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} |{{#ifexpr: {{{year}}} < 2017 |{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|album |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} |{{#ifeq:{{{domestic|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7500| Platinum=15000}} |{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|album |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |{{#ifexpr: {{{year}}} < 2023 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |{{#ifexpr: {{{year}}} < 2024 |{{#if:{{{month|}}} |{{#ifexpr: {{{month}}} < 7 |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum=20000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} |0 }} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum=30000}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |0 }} }} |Taiwan={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#ifeq:{{{domestic}}}|true |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/TaiwanesePeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=100000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=200000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=50000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=100000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=35000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=70000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=20000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=40000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=30000}} }} |{{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/TaiwanesePeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=50000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=15000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=30000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=20000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=14000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=10000}} }} }} |single={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/TaiwanesePeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=25000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=50000}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=20000}} |3={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=10000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=20000}} |4={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=7000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=14000}} |5={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=5000| Platinum+Gold|Platinum=10000}} }} }} |Turkey={{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|album |{{#ifeq:{{{domestic}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=100000|Platinum=200000|Diamond=300000}} |{{#switch:{{{award|}}}|Gold=5000|Platinum=10000|Diamond=20000}} }} |0 }} |United Kingdom={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |video={{#switch:{{{award}}}|Gold=25000|Platinum=50000}} |single={{#if:{{{year|}}} |{{#ifexpr: {{{year}}} < 1989 |{{#switch:{{{award}}}|Silver=250000|Gold=500000|Platinum=1000000}} |{{#switch:{{{award}}}|Silver=200000|Gold=400000|Platinum=600000}}}} |0}} |album={{#ifeq:{{{discount|}}}|true |{{#switch:{{{award}}}|Silver=120000|Gold=200000|Platinum=600000}} |{{#switch:{{{award}}}|Silver=60000|Gold=100000|Platinum=300000}}}}}} |United States={{#if:{{{Spanish|}}} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album={{#switch:{{Certification Table Entry/Sales/UnitedStatesSpanishPeriod|year={{{certyear|}}}|month={{{certmonth|}}}|day={{{certday|}}}}} |0=0 |1={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold={{#expr:50000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}}| Platinum={{#expr:100000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}}| Diamond={{#expr:1000000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}}}} |2={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold={{#expr:30000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}}| Platinum={{#expr:60000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}}| Diamond={{#expr:600000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}}}} }} |single={{#switch:{{{award}}}|Gold=30000|Platinum=60000|Diamond=600000}} }} |{{#switch:{{{type|}}} |video={{#switch:{{{award}}}|Gold={{#expr:50000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}} |Platinum={{#expr: 100000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}}}} |videosingle={{#switch:{{{award}}}|Gold=25000|Platinum=50000}} |single={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 1989 |{{#switch:{{{award}}}|Gold=1000000|Platinum=2000000|Diamond=10000000}} |{{#switch:{{{award}}}|Gold=500000|Platinum=1000000|Diamond=10000000}} }} |0}} |album|EP={{#switch:{{{award}}}|Gold={{#expr:500000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}}|Platinum={{#expr:1000000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}}|Diamond={{#expr:10000000 / {{{multidisc}}} round 0}}}} |ringtone={{#switch:{{{award}}}|Gold=500000|Platinum=1000000}} }} }} |Uruguay={{#switch:{{{type|}}} |album|single={{#if:{{{certyear|}}} |{{#ifexpr:{{{certyear}}} < 2005 | {{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=3000| Platinum=6000}} | {{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=2000| Platinum=4000}}}} |0}} |video={{#switch:{{{award|}}}| Gold=1000| Platinum=2000}}}} }}}}}}}}|0}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 4xlt4uhjq25lstirs8bg4b3sccm0ryv 10 53109 309399 2026-09-24T14:40:47Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: .fakelink { color: var(--color-link, #0645ad); cursor: default; } .fakelink:hover { color: var(--color-link--hover, #0645ad); } body.skin-cologneblue .fakelink { color: #236; } body.skin-modern .fakelink { color: #036; } body.skin-monobook .fakelink { color: #002BB7; } body.skin-timeless .fakelink { color: #36c; } body.skin-timeless .fakelink:hover { color: #2952A3; } 309399 sanitized-css text/css .fakelink { color: 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class="fakelink">{{{1|caadi}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> inakirej4s16tcnjytt3nw7iwzsxrns 10 53111 309402 2026-09-24T14:42:22Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <templatestyles src="Template:Fake link/styles.css" />{{#if: {{{default|}}} |{{#if: {{{1|}}}|↑ <sup class="fakelinks">'''''{{{1|}}}'''''</sup>|<sup class="fakelinks">'''↑'''</sup>}} |{{#if: {{{1|}}}|^ <sup class="fakelinks">'''''{{{1|}}}'''''</sup>|<sup class="fakelinks">'''^'''</sup>}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude> 309402 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Fake link/styles.css" />{{#if: {{{default|}}} |{{#if: {{{1|}}}|↑ <sup class="fakelinks">'''''{{{1|}}}'''''</sup>|<sup class="fakelinks">'''↑'''</sup>}} |{{#if: {{{1|}}}|^ <sup class="fakelinks">'''''{{{1|}}}'''''</sup>|<sup class="fakelinks">'''^'''</sup>}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude> 9kiw3eyn4vvdoe9ctbmjpgkrx74h1rl 10 53112 309403 2026-09-24T14:42:48Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <templatestyles src="Dummy footnote/styles.css" /> <div class="dummy-footnote" {{#if:{{{margin|}}}|style="margin-left: {{{margin}}};"}}>{{{1|1}}}.&#32;{{#if: {{{2|}}}|^ <sup class="dummy-fn-ital">{{Fake link|{{{2}}}}}</sup>|^{{{Fake link|^}}}}} &#32;<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/><span class="citation">{{{3|Citation}}}</span></div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309403 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Dummy footnote/styles.css" /> <div class="dummy-footnote" {{#if:{{{margin|}}}|style="margin-left: {{{margin}}};"}}>{{{1|1}}}.&#32;{{#if: {{{2|}}}|^ <sup class="dummy-fn-ital">{{Fake link|{{{2}}}}}</sup>|^{{{Fake link|^}}}}} &#32;<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/><span class="citation">{{{3|Citation}}}</span></div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> jg00c33w1xn7peiebjyxn10rnfe6me4 10 53113 309404 2026-09-24T14:43:11Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: .dummy-footnote { font-size: 90%; /* Default font-size */ margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 2em; } .dummy-footnote > sup { font-weight: bold; } .dummy-fn-ital { font-style: italic; } 309404 sanitized-css text/css .dummy-footnote { font-size: 90%; /* Default font-size */ margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 2em; } .dummy-footnote > sup { font-weight: bold; } .dummy-fn-ital { font-style: italic; } t7kir9zii7cohos3daq83omq28btd2g 10 53114 309405 2026-09-24T14:43:53Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if:{{{nouser|}}}||[[User:Example|{{{1|Tusaale}}}]]&nbsp;}}([[User talk:Example|talk]]) {{time|hide-tz=yes|hide-refresh=yes}} (UTC)<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{nouser|}}}||[[User:Example|{{{1|Tusaale}}}]]&nbsp;}}([[User talk:Example|talk]]) {{time|hide-tz=yes|hide-refresh=yes}} (UTC)<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> qyep5cvoib24dxjnmlvakoq41bfzv96 309406 309405 2026-09-24T14:44:11Z Isma4l 41797 309406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{nouser|}}}||[[User:Example|{{{1|Tusaale}}}]]&nbsp;}}([[User talk:Example|wadahadal]]) {{time|hide-tz=yes|hide-refresh=yes}} (UTC)<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> isvn1358vnqkdd3bqj7pkrb3yr1n5aa 10 53115 309407 2026-09-24T14:44:43Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <templatestyles src="Fake redlink/styles.css"/><span title="{{{2|{{{1|foo}}}}}}" class="fakeredlink">{{{1|default}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309407 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Fake redlink/styles.css"/><span title="{{{2|{{{1|foo}}}}}}" class="fakeredlink">{{{1|default}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 3msb08aqqrff755wrk6sy1r36dvlvge 309408 309407 2026-09-24T14:44:55Z Isma4l 41797 309408 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Fake redlink/styles.css"/><span title="{{{2|{{{1|foo}}}}}}" class="fakeredlink">{{{1|caadi}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 8itg7prs3pwkfy8pb9j4g65rdctvqio 10 53116 309409 2026-09-24T14:45:19Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: .fakeredlink { color: var(--color-destructive, #ba0000); cursor: default; } .fakeredlink:hover { color: var(--color-destructive--hover, #ba0000); } 309409 sanitized-css text/css .fakeredlink { color: var(--color-destructive, #ba0000); cursor: default; } .fakeredlink:hover { color: var(--color-destructive--hover, #ba0000); } j7dn6cololt9uclqti2d8uhz56liltm 10 53117 309411 2026-09-24T14:48:19Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#invoke:WritingCredits|main}}<!--Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{Main other|[[Category:Pages using WritingCredits with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:WritingCredits]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | ex1 | ex1label | ex2 | ex2label | ex3 | ex3label | order | s | slabel | sb | sblabel | t | tlabel | w | wlabel }}<!--</includeonly><noinclude> {{documenta... 309411 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:WritingCredits|main}}<!--Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{Main other|[[Category:Pages using WritingCredits with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:WritingCredits]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | ex1 | ex1label | ex2 | ex2label | ex3 | ex3label | order | s | slabel | sb | sblabel | t | tlabel | w | wlabel }}<!--</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> a9r8xe9nlcb9i91w6ot4d5xa3k67q02 828 53118 309412 2026-09-24T14:48:43Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- This module implements {{WritingCredits}}. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- WritingCredits class -- The main class. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local WritingCredits = {} function WritingCredits.splitTable(tab) -- Split comma-separated values by letter/number local t = {} for v in string.gmatch(tab, "[%w%d]+") do t[#t+1] = v end return t end function WritingCredits... 309412 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{WritingCredits}}. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- WritingCredits class -- The main class. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local WritingCredits = {} function WritingCredits.splitTable(tab) -- Split comma-separated values by letter/number local t = {} for v in string.gmatch(tab, "[%w%d]+") do t[#t+1] = v end return t end function WritingCredits.hasValue(tab, val) -- Check for value within table for k, v in ipairs(tab) do if v == val then return true end end return false end function WritingCredits.new(frame, args) args = args or {} local categories = "" -- Default order: writer, story, teleplay, storyboard, extras local defaultOrder = "w,s,t,sb,ex1,ex2,ex3" local defaultOrder_split = WritingCredits.splitTable(defaultOrder) local givenOrder = args.order or "" local givenOrder_split = WritingCredits.splitTable(givenOrder) -- Order of parameters: any provided by template call in their order, then any undeclared in their default order for k, v in ipairs(defaultOrder_split) do if WritingCredits.hasValue(givenOrder_split, v) == false then table.insert(givenOrder_split, v) end end -- Default or custom labels local labels = {} local extraDefault = "Additional credits" labels['w'] = args['wlabel'] or "Written by" labels['s'] = args['slabel'] or "Story by" labels['t'] = args['tlabel'] or "Teleplay by" labels['sb'] = args['sblabel'] or "Storyboarded by" labels['ex1'] = args['ex1label'] or extraDefault labels['ex2'] = args['ex2label'] or extraDefault labels['ex3'] = args['ex3label'] or extraDefault -- Format labels and values local redundantLabel = false local writingCredits = args[1] or "" for _num, para in ipairs(givenOrder_split) do if args[para] then writingCredits = writingCredits .. (writingCredits ~= "" and "<br />" or "") .. ("<i>" .. labels[para] .. "</i>&hairsp;: " .. args[para]) -- Redundant label check; e.g. |slabel=Written by |s=John Doe (this should just be |w=John Doe) for l_para, l_label in pairs(labels) do -- e.g.: sb ~= t (and) labels[sb] == labels[t] (and) labels[sb] ~= extraDefault if l_para ~= para and labels[l_para] == labels[para] and l_label ~= extraDefault then redundantLabel = true end end end end local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.namespace == 0 and redundantLabel then categories = categories .. "[[Category:Pages using Template:WritingCredits with redundant labels]]" end return writingCredits .. categories end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { removeBlanks = false, wrappers = 'Template:WritingCredits' }) return WritingCredits.new(frame, args) end return p nbol8fl6esrhm1pj6pm6trjtnadmyfp 10 53119 309413 2026-09-24T14:49:44Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{Establishment category in continent/core<!-- -->|year={{Title year}}<!-- -->|decade={{#expr:((({{Title year}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}<!-- -->|continent={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{PAGENAME}}|pattern=^%d+ establishments +in +(.+)$|replace=%1|count=1|plain=false}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, please, not here! --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309413 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Establishment category in continent/core<!-- -->|year={{Title year}}<!-- -->|decade={{#expr:((({{Title year}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}<!-- -->|continent={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{PAGENAME}}|pattern=^%d+ establishments +in +(.+)$|replace=%1|count=1|plain=false}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, please, not here! --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1zziz3eg39wn7p4jk3eivjy1lin0dda 10 53120 309414 2026-09-24T14:50:09Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{Portal|History|{{FindYDCportal|{{title year}}}}}} {{Category series navigation|skip-gaps=yes}} {{Category see also if exists 2|{{Title year}} disestablishments by continent|{{DECADE|{{Title year}}}} disestablishments by continent}} [[Category:{{Title year}} establishments| by continent]] [[Category:{{Title year}} by continent|/Establishments]] [[Category:{{DECADE|{{Title year}}}} establishments by continent|*{{PAGENAME}}]] Category:Establishments by year and cont... 309414 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Portal|History|{{FindYDCportal|{{title year}}}}}} {{Category series navigation|skip-gaps=yes}} {{Category see also if exists 2|{{Title year}} disestablishments by continent|{{DECADE|{{Title year}}}} disestablishments by continent}} [[Category:{{Title year}} establishments| by continent]] [[Category:{{Title year}} by continent|/Establishments]] [[Category:{{DECADE|{{Title year}}}} establishments by continent|*{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Establishments by year and continent]]</includeonly><noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, please, not here! --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> mgniyn25mvt2hy6d8e82qdsxjs84iij 10 53121 309415 2026-09-24T14:51:42Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly><!-- # Tallaabada koowaad waa in la hubiyo in kani yahay bog qaybeed (category page) -->{{Category other<!-- -->|<!-- ############### Waa qayb ############################### # Marka waa in la hubiyo inuu waafaqsan yahay qaabka loo baahan yahay: "YYY0s establishments in continent" ama "YYY0s disestablishments in continent" # Ma jiro regex, markaa si gooni ah ayaan u hubineynaa "establishments" iyo "disestablishments"... 309415 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- # Tallaabada koowaad waa in la hubiyo in kani yahay bog qaybeed (category page) -->{{Category other<!-- -->|<!-- ############### Waa qayb ############################### # Marka waa in la hubiyo inuu waafaqsan yahay qaabka loo baahan yahay: "YYY0s establishments in continent" ama "YYY0s disestablishments in continent" # Ma jiro regex, markaa si gooni ah ayaan u hubineynaa "establishments" iyo "disestablishments" # Xaalad kasta, shaqada raadinta waxay soo celineysaa 0 haddii aan la helin, iyo 1 haddii la helo, # markaa labada ayaan isku darnaa waxaana qaadaneynaa wadarta 0 oo ah khalad -->{{#ifeq: {{#expr: {{#invoke:String|find|{{PAGENAME}}|^%d*0s establishments in .+$|plain=false}} + <!-- -->{{#invoke:String|find|{{PAGENAME}}|^%d*0s disestablishments in .+$|plain=false}} }}<!-- -->|0<!-- -->|<!-- # Kuma habboona qaabka -->{{Error|Magaca bogga waa khalad.<br />[[Template:Decade (dis)establishments in continent category header]] waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo oo keliya bogagga qaybaha ee cinwaankoodu yahay qaabka {{nowrap|"YYY0s&nbsp;establishments in continent"}} ama {{nowrap|"YYY0s&nbsp;disestablishments in continent"}}, halkaas oo YYY0s ay tahay toban sano (decade)}}<!-- -->[[Category:Errors reported by other category header templates]]<!-- -->|<!-- -->{{Decade (dis)establishments in continent category header/core<!-- -->|decade={{{decade|{{Title decade}}}}}<!-- # u oggolow cabirka decade ujeedooyinka bandhigga -->|continent={{#invoke:String|replace|{{PAGENAME}}|pattern=^%d*0s d?i?s?establishments in (.+)$|%1|1|false}}<!-- -->|type={{#invoke:String|replace|{{PAGENAME}}|pattern=^%d*0s (d?i?s?establishments) in .+$|%1|1|false}}<!-- -->|nocat={{{nocat|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|<!-- ############### Ma aha qayb ############################### -->{{Error|Boggani kuma jiro [[Wikipedia:Namespace|meesha magaca qaybta]].<br />[[Template:Decade (dis)establishments in continent category header]] waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo oo keliya bogagga qaybaha ee cinwaankoodu yahay qaabka {{nowrap|"YYY0s&nbsp;establishments in continent"}} ama {{nowrap|"YYY0s&nbsp;disestablishments in continent"}}, halkaas oo YYY0s ay tahay toban sano (decade)}}<!-- -->[[Category:Errors reported by other category header templates]]<!-- -->}}</includeonly><!-- # Fiiro gaar ah: {{Automatic category TOC}} waxay u baahan tahay inay diyaar ahaato iyadoon loo eegeyn in boggan template-ka ah la geliyay iyo in kale -->{{Automatic category TOC}}<!-- --><noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation}} </noinclude> syr4skzakxy7eaf53yi823ax6g3lqcs 10 53122 309416 2026-09-24T14:52:06Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{DisestcatContinent/core<!-- -->|year={{Title year}}<!-- -->|decade={{#expr:((({{Title year}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}<!-- -->|continent={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{PAGENAME}}|pattern=^%d+ disestablishments +in +(.+)$|replace=%1|count=1|plain=false}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, please, not here! --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309416 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{DisestcatContinent/core<!-- -->|year={{Title year}}<!-- -->|decade={{#expr:((({{Title year}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}<!-- -->|continent={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{PAGENAME}}|pattern=^%d+ disestablishments +in +(.+)$|replace=%1|count=1|plain=false}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, please, not here! --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> k981mm5h3aighpl6i2i9b31hq6f315b 10 53123 309417 2026-09-24T14:52:47Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly><!-- # Tallaabada koowaad waa in la hubiyo in tani ay isticmaasho cabirrada sanadka ee qaabkii hore, ee ah qaabka {{DisestcatCountry| YYY | Y | country [ | sort key ] }} # Qaabka cusub waa {{DisestcatCountry| country [ | sort key ] }} # Haddii ay isticmaasho qaabkii hore, markaa soo saar fariin khalad ah # # Tan waxaan ku hubineynaa annagoo isku xireynaa 2-da cabir ee ugu horreeya, ka dibna hubineynaa inay ku billowdaan tirooyin (digits). -->{{#ifeq: {{#inv... 309417 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- # Tallaabada koowaad waa in la hubiyo in tani ay isticmaasho cabirrada sanadka ee qaabkii hore, ee ah qaabka {{DisestcatCountry| YYY | Y | country [ | sort key ] }} # Qaabka cusub waa {{DisestcatCountry| country [ | sort key ] }} # Haddii ay isticmaasho qaabkii hore, markaa soo saar fariin khalad ah # # Tan waxaan ku hubineynaa annagoo isku xireynaa 2-da cabir ee ugu horreeya, ka dibna hubineynaa inay ku billowdaan tirooyin (digits). -->{{#ifeq: {{#invoke:String|match|s={{{1}}}{{{2}}}|pattern=^%d+$|start=1|match=1|plain=false|nomatch=%%nomatch%%}}|%%nomatch%%<!-- -->|<!-- # MA ISTICMAALAYO cabirradii qaabkii hore # Markaa yeer xudunta (core) cusub -->{{DisestcatCountry/core | year = {{{year|{{Title year}}}}} <!-- u oggolow cabirka sanadka ujeedooyinka bandhigga --> | country = {{{1|}}} | sortkey = {{{2|}}} | decadeparent = {{{decadeparent|}}} | nocat={{{nocat|}}} | min={{{min|}}} | dab={{{dab|}}} }}<!-- -->|<!-- # LA HELAY cabirradii qaabkii hore # Markaa soo saar digtoonoo khalad ah -->{{error|KHALAD! Cabir tiro aan la filayn oo ku jira [[Template:DisestcatCountry]]<br /><!-- -->Ogow in laga bilaabo Sebtembar 2019, cabirrada sanadka aan la baahnayn, isla markaana aan la taageerin}}<!-- # La socodka isticmaalka noocyadii hore ee template-ka -->{{Category other|[[Category:Errors reported by establishment and disestablishment templates]]}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><!-- # Fiiro gaar ah: {{Automatic category TOC}} waxay u baahan tahay inay diyaar ahaato iyadoon loo eegeyn in boggan template-ka ah la geliyay iyo in kale -->{{Automatic category TOC}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, fadlan, halkan ha ku darin! --></noinclude> mf2703frh6ux34crqb64comc6ypdc3d 10 53124 309418 2026-09-24T14:53:25Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly><!-- # Tallaabada koowaad waa in la hubiyo in tan lagu isticmaalayo qaybta "YYY0s disestablishments in [Country]" -->{{#ifeq: {{#invoke:String|match|s={{FULLPAGENAME}}|pattern=^Category:%d?%d?%d?0s disestablishments in .+$|start=1|match=1|plain=false|nomatch=%%nomatch%%}}|%%nomatch%%<!-- -->|<!-- # MA JOOGNO bog sax ah # Markaa soo saar khalad -->{{error|KHALAD! {{t|Disestablishment category in country by decade}} waxaa loogu talagala... 309418 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- # Tallaabada koowaad waa in la hubiyo in tan lagu isticmaalayo qaybta "YYY0s disestablishments in [Country]" -->{{#ifeq: {{#invoke:String|match|s={{FULLPAGENAME}}|pattern=^Category:%d?%d?%d?0s disestablishments in .+$|start=1|match=1|plain=false|nomatch=%%nomatch%%}}|%%nomatch%%<!-- -->|<!-- # MA JOOGNO bog sax ah # Markaa soo saar khalad -->{{error|KHALAD! {{t|Disestablishment category in country by decade}} waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo oo keliya qayb magaceedu yahay "YYY0s disestablishments in [Country]".}}<!-- -->[[Category:Errors reported by establishment and disestablishment templates|Disestablishment category in country by decade]]<!-- -->|<!-- # Waan joognaa bog sax ah # Markaa yeer xudunta (core) -->{{Disestablishment category in country by decade/core | decade = {{{decade|{{Title decade}}}}} <!-- u oggolow cabirka decade ujeedooyinka bandhigga --> | country = {{{1|}}} | sortkey = {{{2|{{{1|}}}}}} | nocat={{{nocat|}}} | dab={{{dab|{{{1|}}}}}} }}<!-- -->}}<!-- # Hubinta cabirrada aan la aqoon waa ugu horrayn si loo qabto # qaabkii ka horreeyay Ogosto 2024 ee qaadan jiray sanadaha cabir ahaan # (tusaale. {{Disestablishment category in country by decade|20|1|21st|Zimbabwe}}), # laakiin sidoo kale waxay leedahay saameyn togan oo ah in la qabto khaladaadka kale -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|1|2|nocat|decade|dab|unknown=<!-- # Waxaan haysanaa cabirro aan la aqoon # Markaa soo saar digtoonoo oo u kala saar si habboon -->KHALAD! Cabir aan la filayn "_VALUE_" oo ku jira {{t|Disestablishment category in country by decade}}<!-- -->{{Category other|[[Category:Errors reported by establishment and disestablishment templates|Disestablishment category in country by decade]]}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><!-- # Fiiro gaar ah: {{Automatic category TOC}} waxay u baahan tahay inay diyaar ahaato iyadoon loo eegeyn in boggan template-ka ah la geliyay iyo in kale -->{{Automatic category TOC}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, fadlan, halkan ha ku darin! --></noinclude> 6nbam9bmky7e7zeaz3gwrtlqkpb95mp 10 53125 309419 2026-09-24T14:54:14Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly> {{YearInCountryPortalBox|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}}} {{Category explanation|ururada, goobaha, shirkadaha ama waxyaabaha kale ee dhammaaday ama la baabi'iyay gudaha {{{6}}} qarnigii '''[[{{{2}}} century|{{{2}}} century]]'''}} {{-}} {| id="toc" class="toc" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;" | style="text-align:center;" | {{#ifexpr: 0{{{1}}} =0|{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1st-century BC disestablishments in {{{6}}}}}|1st c. BC ←}}|{{LinkCatIfExis... 309419 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{YearInCountryPortalBox|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}}} {{Category explanation|ururada, goobaha, shirkadaha ama waxyaabaha kale ee dhammaaday ama la baabi'iyay gudaha {{{6}}} qarnigii '''[[{{{2}}} century|{{{2}}} century]]'''}} {{-}} {| id="toc" class="toc" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;" | style="text-align:center;" | {{#ifexpr: 0{{{1}}} =0|{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1st-century BC disestablishments in {{{6}}}}}|1st c. BC ←}}|{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|{{{3}}}-century disestablishments in {{{6}}}}}|{{{3}}} c. ←}}}} '''Disestablishments in [[{{{6}}}]] in the [[{{{2}}} century]]''' {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|{{{4}}}-century disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} |→ {{{4}}} c.}} {{#if:{{{no-table|}}}<!-- no-table parameter may be used for any date to suppress table of decade/year categories -->| | {{#if:{{{decades|}}}<!-- decades parameter may be set for any date, early or late, and will generate a simple table without year categories -->| {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}00s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}00s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}10s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}10s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}20s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}20s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}30s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}30s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}40s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}40s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}50s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}50s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}60s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}60s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}70s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}70s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}80s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}80s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}90s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}90s}} |{{#ifexpr: 0{{{1}}} >= 10 |<!-- 11th century onwards shows full table unless decades parameter is set --> {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}00s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}00s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{spaces|12}} {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}01 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}01}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}02 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}02}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}03 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}03}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}04 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}04}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}05 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}05}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}06 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}06}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}07 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}07}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}08 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}08}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}09 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}09}} {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}10s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}10s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|11|{{space|hair}}}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}10 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}10}} • {{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|11|{{space|thin}}}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}11 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}11}} • {{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|11|{{space|hair}}}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}12 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}12}} • {{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|11|{{space|hair}}}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}13 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}13}} • {{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|11|{{space|hair}}}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}14 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}14}} • {{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|11|{{space|hair}}}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}15 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}15}} • {{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|11|{{space|hair}}}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}16 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}16}} • {{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|11|{{space|hair}}}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}17 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}17}} • {{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|11|{{space|hair}}}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}18 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}18}} • {{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|11|{{space|hair}}}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}19 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}19}} {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}20s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}20s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}20 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}20}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}21 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}21}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}22 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}22}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}23 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}23}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}24 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}24}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}25 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}25}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}26 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}26}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}27 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}27}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}28 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}28}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}29 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}29}} {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}30s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}30s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}30 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}30}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}31 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}31}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}32 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}32}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}33 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}33}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}34 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}34}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}35 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}35}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}36 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}36}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}37 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}37}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}38 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}38}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}39 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}39}} {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}40s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}40s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}40 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}40}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}41 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}41}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}42 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}42}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}43 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}43}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}44 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}44}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}45 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}45}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}46 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}46}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}47 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}47}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}48 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}48}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}49 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}49}} {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}50s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}50s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}50 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}50}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}51 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}51}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}52 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}52}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}53 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}53}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}54 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}54}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}55 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}55}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}56 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}56}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}57 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}57}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}58 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}58}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}59 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}59}} {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}60s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}60s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}60 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}60}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}61 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}61}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}62 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}62}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}63 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}63}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}64 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}64}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}65 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}65}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}66 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}66}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}67 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}67}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}68 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}68}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}69 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}69}} {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}70s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}70s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}70 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}70}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}71 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}71}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}72 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}72}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}73 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}73}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}74 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}74}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}75 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}75}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}76 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}76}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}77 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}77}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}78 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}78}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}79 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}79}} {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}80s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}80s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}80 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}80}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}81 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}81}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}82 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}82}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}83 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}83}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}84 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}84}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}85 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}85}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}86 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}86}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}87 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}87}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}88 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}88}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}89 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}89}} {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}90s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}90s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}90 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}90}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}91 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}91}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}92 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}92}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}93 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}93}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}94 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}94}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}95 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}95}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}96 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}96}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}97 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}97}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}98 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}98}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}99 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{{1}}}99}} {{!}}- {{!}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{#expr: {{{1}}} + 1 }}00s disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{#expr: {{{1}}} + 1 }}00s disestablishments in {{{6}}}}} &mdash; {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{#expr: {{{1}}} + 1 }}00 disestablishments in {{{6}}}|{{#expr: {{{1}}} + 1 }}00}} }}}}}} {{!}}} {{-}} {{Category see also if exists|{{resolve category redirect|{{{2}}}-century establishments in {{{6}}}}}}} [[Category:{{{2}}}-century disestablishments by country|{{{7|{{{6}}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{5|}}}|[[Category:{{resolve category redirect|{{{5}}}-millennium disestablishments in {{{6}}}}}]]|}} {{#ifexist:Category:Disestablishments in {{{6}}} by century | [[Category:{{resolve category redirect|Disestablishments in {{{6}}} by century}}]] | [[Category:Disestablishments in {{{6}}}]] }} [[Category:{{resolve category redirect|{{{2}}} century in {{{6}}}}}|/Disestablishments]] </includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> lvk9mq05iimzihegomc336rujaqvst5 10 53126 309420 2026-09-24T14:55:00Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly><!-- loogu talagalay qaybaha 2nd-millennium disestablishments in _country_ --> <!-- isticmaal sida tan oo kale: {{EstcatCountry2ndMillennium|the United States|United States}} --> {{YearInCountryPortalBox|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}}} Ururada, goobaha, ama waxyaabaha kale ee dhammaaday ama la baabi'iyay gudaha {{{1}}} qarnigii [[2nd millennium|kun-labaad (2nd millennium)]]. {{-}} {| id="toc" class="toc" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;" | style="text-align:center;"| {... 309420 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- loogu talagalay qaybaha 2nd-millennium disestablishments in _country_ --> <!-- isticmaal sida tan oo kale: {{EstcatCountry2ndMillennium|the United States|United States}} --> {{YearInCountryPortalBox|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}}} Ururada, goobaha, ama waxyaabaha kale ee dhammaaday ama la baabi'iyay gudaha {{{1}}} qarnigii [[2nd millennium|kun-labaad (2nd millennium)]]. {{-}} {| id="toc" class="toc" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;" | style="text-align:center;"| {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1st-millennium disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1st millennium ←}} '''Disestablishments in [[{{{1}}}]] in the [[2nd millennium]]''' {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|3rd-millennium disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|→ 3rd millennium}} |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|11th-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} — {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1000s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1000s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1010s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1010s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1020s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1020s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1030s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1030s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1040s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1040s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1050s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1050s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1060s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1060s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1070s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1070s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1080s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1080s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1090s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1090s}} |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|12th-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} — {{space|hair}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1100s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1100s}} • {{space|thin}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1110s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1110s}} • {{space|hair}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1120s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1120s}} • {{space|hair}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1130s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1130s}} • {{space|hair}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1140s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1140s}} • {{space|hair}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1150s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1150s}} • {{space|hair}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1160s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1160s}} • {{space|hair}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1170s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1170s}} • {{space|hair}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1180s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1180s}} • {{space|hair}}{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1190s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1190s}} |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|13th-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} — {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1200s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1200s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1210s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1210s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1220s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1220s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1230s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1230s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1240s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1240s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1250s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1250s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1260s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1260s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1270s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1270s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1280s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1280s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1290s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1290s}} |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|14th-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} — {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1300s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1300s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1310s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1310s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1320s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1320s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1330s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1330s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1340s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1340s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1350s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1350s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1360s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1360s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1370s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1370s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1380s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1380s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1390s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1390s}} |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|15th-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} — {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1400s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1400s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1410s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1410s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1420s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1420s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1430s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1430s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1440s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1440s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1450s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1450s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1460s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1460s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1470s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1470s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1480s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1480s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1490s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1490s}} |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|16th-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} — {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1500s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1500s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1510s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1510s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1520s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1520s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1530s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1530s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1540s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1540s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1550s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1550s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1560s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1560s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1570s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1570s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1580s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1580s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1590s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1590s}} |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|17th-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} — {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1600s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1600s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1610s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1610s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1620s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1620s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1630s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1630s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1640s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1640s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1650s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1650s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1660s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1660s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1670s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1670s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1680s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1680s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1690s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1690s}} |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|18th-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} — {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1700s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1700s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1710s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1710s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1720s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1720s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1730s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1730s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1740s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1740s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1750s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1750s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1760s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1760s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1770s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1770s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1780s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1780s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1790s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1790s}} |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|19th-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} — {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1800s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1800s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1810s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1810s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1820s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1820s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1830s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1830s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1840s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1840s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1850s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1850s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1860s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1860s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1870s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1870s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1880s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1880s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1890s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1890s}} |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|20th-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} — {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1900s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1900s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1910s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1910s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1920s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1920s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1930s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1930s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1940s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1940s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1950s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1950s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1960s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1960s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1970s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1970s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1980s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1980s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|1990s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|1990s}} |} {{Category see also if exists|2nd-millennium establishments in {{{1}}}}} [[Category:2nd-millennium disestablishments by country|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] [[Category:{{resolve category redirect|Disestablishments in {{{1}}} by millennium}}]] [[Category:{{resolve category redirect|2nd millennium in {{{1}}}}}|/Disestablishments]]</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> h91090scfk9utzd4a02q1lyo42uyoej 10 53127 309421 2026-09-24T14:55:51Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{YearInCountryPortalBox|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}}} Ururada, goobaha, ama waxyaabaha kale ee dhammaaday ama la baabi'iyay gudaha {{{1}}} qarnigii [[3rd millennium|kun-saddexaad (3rd millennium)]]. {{-}} {| id="toc" class="toc" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;" | style="text-align:center;" | {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|2nd-millennium disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|2nd millennium ←}} '''Disestablishments in [[{{{1}}}]] in the [[3rd millennium]]'... 309421 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{YearInCountryPortalBox|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}}} Ururada, goobaha, ama waxyaabaha kale ee dhammaaday ama la baabi'iyay gudaha {{{1}}} qarnigii [[3rd millennium|kun-saddexaad (3rd millennium)]]. {{-}} {| id="toc" class="toc" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;" | style="text-align:center;" | {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|2nd-millennium disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|2nd millennium ←}} '''Disestablishments in [[{{{1}}}]] in the [[3rd millennium]]''' |- |{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|21st-century disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}}} &mdash; {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|2000s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|2000s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|2010s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|2010s}} • {{LinkCatIfExists2|{{resolve category redirect|2020s disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}|2020s}} |} {{Category see also if exists|3rd-millennium establishments in {{{1}}}}} [[Category:3rd-millennium disestablishments by country|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] [[Category:{{resolve category redirect|Disestablishments in {{{1}}} by millennium}}]] [[Category:{{resolve category redirect|3rd millennium in {{{1}}}}}|/Disestablishments]]</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 91cdfhkn6k949figbjggbhe420w2lqx 10 53128 309422 2026-09-24T14:56:29Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{Portal<!-- -->|{{#ifexist:Portal:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexist:Portal:{{{2}}}|{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#invoke: FindYDCportal | findydcportal |{{Title year}} }}<!-- -->|History<!-- -->}} {{Category explanation|ururada, goobaha ama waxyaabaha kale ee la aasaasay ama la dhisay gudaha '''[[<!-- -->{{#if:{{{dab|}}}<!-- -->|{{{dab}}}{{!}}{{{1}}}<!-- -->|{{{1}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->]]''' sanadka '''[[{{Title year}}]]'''}} {{Category series navi... 309422 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Portal<!-- -->|{{#ifexist:Portal:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexist:Portal:{{{2}}}|{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#invoke: FindYDCportal | findydcportal |{{Title year}} }}<!-- -->|History<!-- -->}} {{Category explanation|ururada, goobaha ama waxyaabaha kale ee la aasaasay ama la dhisay gudaha '''[[<!-- -->{{#if:{{{dab|}}}<!-- -->|{{{dab}}}{{!}}{{{1}}}<!-- -->|{{{1}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->]]''' sanadka '''[[{{Title year}}]]'''}} {{Category series navigation|skip-gaps=yes}} {{Category see also if exists 2|{{Title year}} establishments in {{{1}}}|{{DECADE|{{Title year}}}} establishments in {{{1}}}}} [[Category:{{DECADE|{{Title year}}}} disestablishments in {{{1}}}]] {{#ifexpr: {{Title year}} < 1000<!-- -->|[[Category:Disestablishments in {{{1}}} by year{{!}}0{{Title year}}]]<!-- -->|[[Category:Disestablishments in {{{1}}} by year{{!}}{{Title year}}]]<!-- -->}} [[Category:{{Title year}} in {{{1}}}|Disestablishments]] [[Category:{{Title year}} disestablishments in {{{2}}}|{{{3|{{{1}}}}}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, fadlan, halkan ha ku darin! --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 73o0jq889e9g8h9mpy97e18c38ch3o1 10 53129 309423 2026-09-24T14:57:06Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{Portal<!-- -->|{{#ifexist:Portal:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexist:Portal:{{{2}}}|{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#invoke: FindYDCportal | findydcportal |{{Title year}} }}<!-- -->|History<!-- -->}} {{Category explanation|ururada, goobaha ama waxyaabaha kale ee la aasaasay ama la dhisay gudaha '''<!-- -->{{#if:{{{dab|}}}<!-- -->|[[{{{dab}}}{{!}}{{{1}}}]]<!-- -->|[[{{{1}}}]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->''' sanadka '''[[{{Title year}}]]'''<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{... 309423 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Portal<!-- -->|{{#ifexist:Portal:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexist:Portal:{{{2}}}|{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#invoke: FindYDCportal | findydcportal |{{Title year}} }}<!-- -->|History<!-- -->}} {{Category explanation|ururada, goobaha ama waxyaabaha kale ee la aasaasay ama la dhisay gudaha '''<!-- -->{{#if:{{{dab|}}}<!-- -->|[[{{{dab}}}{{!}}{{{1}}}]]<!-- -->|[[{{{1}}}]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->''' sanadka '''[[{{Title year}}]]'''<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{Category series navigation|skip-gaps=yes}}<!-- -->{{category see also if exists 2|{{Title year}} disestablishments in {{{1}}}|{{DECADE|{{Title year}}}} disestablishments in {{{1}}}}}<!-- --> {{#ifexist:Category:{{DECADE|{{Title year}}}} establishments in {{{1}}}| [[Category:{{resolve category redirect|{{DECADE|{{Title year}}}} establishments in {{{1}}}}}]]}} {{#ifexpr: {{Title year}} < 1000<!-- -->|[[Category:{{resolve category redirect|Establishments in {{{1}}} by year}}{{!}}0{{Title year}}]]<!-- -->|[[Category:{{resolve category redirect|Establishments in {{{1}}} by year}}{{!}}{{Title year}}]]<!-- -->}} [[Category:{{Title year}} in {{{1}}}|Establishments]] [[Category:{{Title year}} establishments in {{{2}}}|{{{sort|{{{1}}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{3|}}}<!-- -->|[[Category:{{Title year}} establishments in {{{3}}}|{{{sort|{{{1}}}}}}]]<!-- -->}} </includeonly><noinclude> <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, fadlan, halkan ha ku darin! --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> smujr3c5eqr2p92jebnp2bcny4hl5hd 10 53130 309424 2026-09-24T14:58:41Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <templatestyles src="Committed identity/styles.css"/><div id="user-committed-identity" class="user-committed-identity skin-invert notheme" style="{{#if:{{{background|}}}|background-color:{{{background|}}};}} {{#if:{{{border|}}}|border-color:{{{border|}}};}} text-align: center; {{{extra-style|}}}">{{#switch: {{{1|}}} | <!-- SHA-256("") -->e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855 | <!-- SHA-384("") -->38b060a751ac96384cd9327eb1b1e36a21fdb71114be07434c0cc7b... 309424 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Committed identity/styles.css"/><div id="user-committed-identity" class="user-committed-identity skin-invert notheme" style="{{#if:{{{background|}}}|background-color:{{{background|}}};}} {{#if:{{{border|}}}|border-color:{{{border|}}};}} text-align: center; {{{extra-style|}}}">{{#switch: {{{1|}}} | <!-- SHA-256("") -->e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855 | <!-- SHA-384("") -->38b060a751ac96384cd9327eb1b1e36a21fdb71114be07434c0cc7bf63f6e1da274edebfe76f65fbd51ad2f14898b95b | <!-- SHA-512("") -->cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e = {{error|<code>{{{1}}}</code> waa hargayska (hash) [[empty string|xarig madhan]], ma aha aqoonsi ballanqaad oo sax ah.}} | '''[[Template:Committed identity|Aqoonsiga ballanqaadka]]''': {{{1}}} waa {{#if:{{{article|}}}|{{{article}}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{link if exists|{{{2}}}}}|[[SHA-512]]}}|{{a or an|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{link if exists|{{{2}}}}}|[[SHA-512]]}}}}}} [[Commitment scheme|ballanqaad]] ku aaddan aqoonsiga nolosha dhabta ah ee isticmaalahan. }} </div><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, fadlan, halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> eaxxwdnq7veisoavqf5v0r03sejvwxk 10 53131 309425 2026-09-24T14:59:11Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ .user-committed-identity { display: block; font-size: 85%; background-color: #E0E8FF; border: 1px solid #A2A9B1; color: #000; margin: 0.2em 0; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; word-wrap: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; /* creates a new block formatting context, clearing it of floats */ } 309425 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .user-committed-identity { display: block; font-size: 85%; background-color: #E0E8FF; border: 1px solid #A2A9B1; color: #000; margin: 0.2em 0; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; word-wrap: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; /* creates a new block formatting context, clearing it of floats */ } 75tqubl3doeucn9zcaxctksatkwa0hk 10 53132 309426 2026-09-24T15:00:35Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{serif|{{#invoke:su|invoke_main|a=c|p='''{{{1}}}'''|b='''{{{2}}}'''|lh=0.85em}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{serif|{{#invoke:su|invoke_main|a=c|p='''{{{1}}}'''|b='''{{{2}}}'''|lh=0.85em}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> mmi4myngo2zj2kdbc0utjmmlswpoytn 828 53133 309427 2026-09-24T15:01:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- This module implements {{su}}. local p = {} function p.main(frame) -- Use arguments from the parent frame only, and remove any blank arguments. -- We don't need to trim whitespace from any arguments, as this module only -- uses named arguments, and whitespace is trimmed from them automatically. local origArgs = frame:getParent().args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end -- Define the variables to pass to luaMain.... 309427 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{su}}. local p = {} function p.main(frame) -- Use arguments from the parent frame only, and remove any blank arguments. -- We don't need to trim whitespace from any arguments, as this module only -- uses named arguments, and whitespace is trimmed from them automatically. local origArgs = frame:getParent().args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end -- Define the variables to pass to luaMain. local sup = args.p local sub = args.b local options = { align = args.a, fontSize = args.w, lineHeight = args.lh, verticalAlign = args.va } return p._main(sup, sub, options) end function p.invoke_main(frame) -- entry point for invocation using frame arguments local origArgs = frame.args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end -- Define the variables to pass to luaMain. local sup = args.p local sub = args.b local options = { align = args.a, fontSize = args.w, lineHeight = args.lh, verticalAlign = args.va } return p._main(sup, sub, options) end function p._main(sup, sub, options) options = options or {} local span = mw.html.create('span') -- Set the styles. span:css{ ['display'] = 'inline-block', ['margin-bottom'] = '-0.3em', ['vertical-align'] = options.verticalAlign or sub and '-0.4em' or '0.8em', ['line-height'] = options.lineHeight or '1.2em' } if options.fontSize == 'f' or options.fontSize == 'fixed' then span:css{ ['font-family'] = 'monospace', ['font-size'] = '80%' } else span:css('font-size', options.fontSize or '80%') end if options.align == 'r' or options.align == 'right' then span:css('text-align', 'right') elseif options.align == 'c' or options.align == 'center' then span:css('text-align', 'center') else span:css('text-align', 'left') end -- Add the wikitext. span :tag('sup') :css('font-size', 'inherit') :css('line-height', 'inherit') :css('vertical-align', 'baseline') :wikitext(sup) :done() :tag('br', {selfClosing = true}):done() :tag('sub') :css('font-size', 'inherit') :css('line-height', 'inherit') :css('vertical-align', 'baseline') :wikitext(sub) return '<span class="nowrap">' .. tostring(span) .. '</span>' end return p bph4xbdqec2fv9k8h1ll28fiyt9ke58 10 53134 309428 2026-09-24T15:03:11Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#if:{{#if:{{{developer|}}}|{{{title|}}}|{{{developer|}}}}} |{{Cite book | title = {{{title|}}} | trans-title = {{{trans-title|}}} | author = {{{developer|}}} | author2 = {{{developer2|}}} | author3 = {{{developer3|}}} | author4 = {{{developer4|}}} | author5 = {{{developer5|}}} | author6 = {{{developer6|}}} | author7 = {{{developer7|}}} | publisher = {{{publisher|}}} | date = {{{date|}}} | medium = {{{platform|}}} | edition = {{#if:{{{version|}}}|{{{version|}}}}}... 309428 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{#if:{{{developer|}}}|{{{title|}}}|{{{developer|}}}}} |{{Cite book | title = {{{title|}}} | trans-title = {{{trans-title|}}} | author = {{{developer|}}} | author2 = {{{developer2|}}} | author3 = {{{developer3|}}} | author4 = {{{developer4|}}} | author5 = {{{developer5|}}} | author6 = {{{developer6|}}} | author7 = {{{developer7|}}} | publisher = {{{publisher|}}} | date = {{{date|}}} | medium = {{{platform|}}} | edition = {{#if:{{{version|}}}|{{{version|}}}}} | at = {{#if:{{{scene|}}}|Scene: {{{scene|}}}|}}{{#if:{{{level|}}}|{{#if:{{{scene|}}}|.&#32;}}Level/area: {{{level|}}}}} | language = {{{language|}}} | quote = {{{quote|}}} | script-quote = {{{script-quote|}}} | trans-quote = {{{trans-quote|}}} | ref = {{{ref|}}} }} |{{Citation error|{{tl|Cite video game}} requires '''title''' and '''developer''' parameters}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> iqds3l4hloixbn9jivad4ibgtdyual7 10 53135 309429 2026-09-24T15:05:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Ordnance Survey National Grid|{{#if:{{yesno|{{{cap|}}}}}|Grid|grid}} reference]] {{#invoke:Ordnance Survey coordinates|oscoord|{{{1}}}_region:GB_scale:25000|{{{1}}}|name={{{name|}}}|direct=1}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Ordnance Survey National Grid|{{#if:{{yesno|{{{cap|}}}}}|Grid|grid}} reference]] {{#invoke:Ordnance Survey coordinates|oscoord|{{{1}}}_region:GB_scale:25000|{{{1}}}|name={{{name|}}}|direct=1}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 0xlnvgpofeycmwngyqtvo6ipfx35bee 10 53136 309430 2026-09-24T15:07:32Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{1|x}}}}}|{{uc:{{{1|y}}}}}|[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{1|x}}}}}|{{uc:{{{1|y}}}}}|{{{1}}}|}}&title={{{2|}}} {{{1|(error 1)}}}] | {{{1|}}}}} {{{2|}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309430 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{1|x}}}}}|{{uc:{{{1|y}}}}}|[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{1|x}}}}}|{{uc:{{{1|y}}}}}|{{{1}}}|}}&title={{{2|}}} {{{1|(error 1)}}}] | {{{1|}}}}} {{{2|}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> oir8a06sufpgg128u0ezfe36i2msjck 828 53137 309431 2026-09-24T15:08:20Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: require('strict') local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} -- Determine whether a query string matches a stored timespan string -- Arguments: -- s: query string -- sub: standard name of timespan -- Returns: -- false if there is no match -- prefix and suffix of match, otherwise local function matches(s, sub) local sLen = mw.ustring.len(s) local subLen = mw.ustring.len(sub) if subLen > sLen then return false end local lowerS = mw.ustring.low... 309431 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} -- Determine whether a query string matches a stored timespan string -- Arguments: -- s: query string -- sub: standard name of timespan -- Returns: -- false if there is no match -- prefix and suffix of match, otherwise local function matches(s, sub) local sLen = mw.ustring.len(s) local subLen = mw.ustring.len(sub) if subLen > sLen then return false end local lowerS = mw.ustring.lower(s) local lowerSub = mw.ustring.lower(sub) local startOffset, endOffset = mw.ustring.find(lowerS,lowerSub,1,true) if not startOffset then return false end return (mw.ustring.sub(s,1,startOffset-1) or ""), (mw.ustring.sub(s,endOffset+1) or "") end -- Create list of strings to search corresponding to a standard timespan -- Some timespans are disambiguated: first search for the dabbed title, then -- the base title. Otherwise just search for the standard timespan string -- Argument: -- span = value in timespan lists (above) -- Returns: -- list of strings to search in query string local function searchStringList(span) if type(span) == "table" then return {span.base.." "..span.dab, span.base} end return {span} end -- When an adjacent time span is found, this function returns the -- corresponding basename for the page. -- Arguments: -- span: adjacent entry from table, above -- prefix: prefix of query string before match -- suffix: remainder of original query string beyond match -- Returns: -- page title -- -- If the adjacent time span is dabbed, then return the dab if the suffix -- is empty. If the suffix is non-empty (e.g., "life"), append it to the base -- name of the span (e.g., "Oxfordian") --> "Oxfordian life" local function matchedString(span, prefix, suffix) if type(span) == "table" then if prefix == "" and suffix == "" then return span.base.." "..span.dab end return prefix..span.base..suffix end return prefix..span..suffix end -- Function to find the page titles of time spans adjacent to a query string -- Arguments: -- s: query string to search for local function find(s) -- lazy load list of geological timespans, local data = mw.loadData('Module:Geological time/data') -- Search from most-specific to least, to catch "Cambrian Series 2" before "Cambrian" for _, level in ipairs({'age', 'epoch', 'series', 'period', 'era', 'eon'}) do local list = data[level] local listLen = data.listLen[level] for i, span in ipairs(list) do -- Each timespan might have more than one search string for _, searchString in ipairs(searchStringList(span)) do local prefix, suffix = matches(s, searchString) if suffix then local prevSpan = i > 1 and matchedString(list[i-1], prefix, suffix) local nextSpan = i < listLen and matchedString(list[i+1], prefix, suffix) -- return first match found return {prev=prevSpan, next=nextSpan} end end end end return nil end -- Lua entry point to generate see also hatnote for geological time spans adjanct in time -- Arguments: -- args[1]: name of page to generate adjacency (current page if None) -- Returns: -- See also previous and next, formatted as a hatnote function p._seeAlso(args) local title = args[1] and mw.title.new(args[1]) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local basetext = title.baseText local namespace = title.namespace local adjacent = find(basetext) if not adjacent then local warning = require('Module:If preview')._warning local warn = warning({"Cannot find geological time frame in "..basetext}) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText ~= "Template" then warn = warn.."[[Category:Missing geological time frame]]" end return warn end local prevTitle = adjacent.prev and mw.title.new(adjacent.prev, namespace) local nextTitle = adjacent.next and mw.title.new(adjacent.next, namespace) local catPair = require('Module:Category pair')._pair return catPair(prevTitle, nextTitle) end -- Function to find timespan before argument function p._before(s) local findOut = s and find(tostring(s)) return findOut and findOut.prev end -- Function to find timespan after argument function p._after(s) local findOut = s and find(tostring(s)) return findOut and findOut.next end -- Template entry points function p.seeAlso(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._seeAlso(args) end function p.before(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._before(args[1]) or "" end function p.after(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._after(args[1]) or "" end return p 7oxyjdi7ew24znyr3a876wpbhrpk6ba 828 53138 309432 2026-09-24T15:09:15Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- Ordered list of eons, era, periods, etc. The code will search through -- these lists for a match, then return an appropriate link to the timespans -- adjacent to those matches local p = {} p.eon = {'Hadean', 'Archean', 'Proterozoic', 'Phanerozoic'} p.era = {'Eoarchean', 'Paleoarchean', 'Mesoarchean', 'Neoarchean', 'Paleoproterozoic', 'Mesoproterozoic', 'Neoproterozoic', 'Paleozoic', 'Mesozoic', 'Cenozoic'} p.period = {'Siderian', 'Rhyacian', 'Orosirian', 'Statherian',... 309432 Scribunto text/plain -- Ordered list of eons, era, periods, etc. The code will search through -- these lists for a match, then return an appropriate link to the timespans -- adjacent to those matches local p = {} p.eon = {'Hadean', 'Archean', 'Proterozoic', 'Phanerozoic'} p.era = {'Eoarchean', 'Paleoarchean', 'Mesoarchean', 'Neoarchean', 'Paleoproterozoic', 'Mesoproterozoic', 'Neoproterozoic', 'Paleozoic', 'Mesozoic', 'Cenozoic'} p.period = {'Siderian', 'Rhyacian', 'Orosirian', 'Statherian', 'Calymmian', 'Ectasian', 'Stenian', 'Tonian', 'Cryogenian', 'Ediacaran', 'Cambrian', 'Ordovician', 'Silurian', 'Devonian', 'Carboniferous', 'Permian', 'Triassic', 'Jurassic', 'Cretaceous', 'Paleogene', 'Neogene', 'Quaternary'} p.epoch = {'Terreneuvian', 'Cambrian Series 2', 'Miaolingian', 'Furongian', 'Early Ordovician', 'Middle Ordovician', 'Late Ordovician', {base='Llandovery', dab='epoch'}, {base='Wenlock', dab='epoch'}, {base='Ludlow', dab='epoch'}, {base='Pridoli', dab='epoch'}, 'Early Devonian', 'Middle Devonian', 'Late Devonian', {base='Mississippian', dab='(geology)'}, {base='Pennsylvanian',dab='(geology)'}, 'Cisuralian', 'Guadalupian', 'Lopingian', 'Early Triassic', 'Middle Triassic', 'Late Triassic', 'Early Jurassic', 'Middle Jurassic', 'Late Jurassic', 'Early Cretaceous', 'Late Cretaceous', 'Paleocene', 'Eocene', 'Oligocene', 'Miocene', 'Pliocene', 'Pleistocene', 'Holocene'} p.series = {'Furongian', 'Lower Ordovician', 'Middle Ordovician', 'Upper Ordovician', 'Llandovery', 'Wenlock', 'Ludlow', 'Pridoli', 'Lower Devonian', 'Middle Devonian', 'Upper Devonian', 'Lower Carboniferous', 'Upper Carboniferous', 'Cisuralian', 'Guadalupian', 'Lopingian', 'Lower Triassic', 'Middle Triassic', 'Upper Triassic', 'Lower Jurassic', 'Middle Jurassic', 'Upper Jurassic', 'Lower Cretaceous', 'Upper Cretaceous','Paleocene'} p.age = {'Fortunian', 'Cambrian Stage 2', 'Cambrian Stage 3', 'Cambrian Stage 4', 'Wuliuan', 'Drumian', 'Guzhangian', 'Paibian', 'Jiangshanian', 'Cambrian Stage 10', 'Tremadocian', 'Floian', 'Dapingian', 'Darriwilian', 'Sandbian', 'Katian', 'Hirnantian', 'Rhuddanian', 'Aeronian', 'Telychian', 'Sheinwoodian', 'Homerian', 'Gorstian', 'Ludfordian', 'Lochkovian', 'Pragian', 'Emsian', 'Eifelian', 'Givetian', 'Frasnian', 'Famennian', 'Tournaisian', 'Viséan', 'Serpukhovian', 'Bashkirian', {base='Moscovian', dab='age'}, 'Kasimovian', 'Gzhelian', 'Asselian', 'Sakmarian', 'Artinskian', 'Kungurian', 'Roadian', 'Wordian', 'Capitanian', 'Wuchiapingian', 'Changhsingian', 'Induan', 'Olenekian', 'Anisian', 'Ladinian', 'Carnian', 'Norian', 'Rhaetian', 'Hettangian', 'Sinemurian', 'Pliensbachian', 'Toarcian', 'Aalenian', 'Bajocian', 'Bathonian', 'Callovian', {base='Oxfordian', dab='age'}, 'Kimmeridgian', 'Tithonian', 'Berriasian','Valanginian','Hauterivian','Barremian','Aptian','Albian', 'Cenomanian','Turonian','Coniacian','Santonian','Campanian','Maastrichtian', 'Danian','Selandian','Thanetian','Ypresian','Lutetian','Bartonian','Priabonian','Rupelian','Chattian', {base='Aquitanian', dab='age'},'Burdigalian','Langhian','Serravallian','Tortonian','Messinian','Zanclean','Piacenzian', 'Gelasian',{base='Calabrian', dab='stage'},'Late Pleistocene','Greenlandian','Northgrippian','Meghalayan'} p.listLen = {eon=#p.eon, era=#p.era, period=#p.period, epoch=#p.epoch, series=#p.series, age=#p.age} return p nmhyv3qqf0837wultbooenrzeremygi 10 53139 309433 2026-09-24T15:10:10Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="font-weight: normal">{{#if:{{{nocap|}}}|v|V}}oiced by: {{{1}}}{{ #if: {{{2|}}} | &#32;({{#if:{{{info|}}}|{{{info}}}; }}Japanese); {{{2}}} ({{#if:{{{info2|}}}|{{{info2}}}; }}English) }}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309433 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-weight: normal">{{#if:{{{nocap|}}}|v|V}}oiced by: {{{1}}}{{ #if: {{{2|}}} | &#32;({{#if:{{{info|}}}|{{{info}}}; }}Japanese); {{{2}}} ({{#if:{{{info2|}}}|{{{info2}}}; }}English) }}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> s3u1695c51hib1p9wqvsy81a898ay8t 10 53140 309434 2026-09-24T15:11:03Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span class="plainlinks"><!-- -->[[User:{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}|{{Encodefirst|{{ucfirst:{{{User|{{{1|''Example''}}}}}}}}}}]]&nbsp;<!-- -->([[User talk:{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}|wadahadal]]{{int:dot-separator}}<!-- -->[[Special:Contributions/{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}|tabarucyada]]{{int:dot-separator}}<!-- --><span class="sysop-show">[[Special:DeletedContributions/{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}|la tirtiray]]{{int:dot-separator}}</span><!-- -->{{Edit count link|{{ucfirs... 309434 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks"><!-- -->[[User:{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}|{{Encodefirst|{{ucfirst:{{{User|{{{1|''Example''}}}}}}}}}}]]&nbsp;<!-- -->([[User talk:{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}|wadahadal]]{{int:dot-separator}}<!-- -->[[Special:Contributions/{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}|tabarucyada]]{{int:dot-separator}}<!-- --><span class="sysop-show">[[Special:DeletedContributions/{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}|la tirtiray]]{{int:dot-separator}}</span><!-- -->{{Edit count link|{{ucfirst:{{{User|{{{1|Example User}}}}}}}}|linklabel=tirada wax-ka-beddelka}}{{int:dot-separator}}<!-- -->{{AfD count link|{{urlencode:{{ucfirst:{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}}}}}|linklabel=AfD}}{{int:dot-separator}}<!-- -->[{{fullurl:Special:Log|user={{urlencode:{{ucfirst:{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}}}}}}} diiwaannada]{{int:dot-separator}}<!-- -->[{{fullurl:Special:Log/block|page=User:{{urlencode:{{ucfirst:{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}}}}}}} diiwaanka&nbsp;xayiraadda]{{int:dot-separator}}<!-- -->[{{fullurl:Special:Listusers|limit=1&username={{urlencode:{{ucfirst:{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}}}}}}} lu]{{int:dot-separator}}<!-- -->[[Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/{{Encodefirst|{{ucfirst:{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}}}}}|rfar]]{{int:dot-separator}}<!-- -->[[Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/{{Encodefirst|{{ucfirst:{{{User|{{{1|Example}}}}}}}}}}|spi]]<!-- -->)</span><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:User/doc}} </noinclude> 4k7qopd3df7w5602yeqg4loqjo72qjc 10 53141 309435 2026-09-24T15:11:45Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://tools.wmflabs.org/afdstats/afdstats.py?name={{urlencode:{{{1|{{{username|Example}}}}}}}}&max={{{max|{{{max|500}}}}}}&startdate={{{startdate|{{{startdate|}}}}}}&enddate={{{enddate|{{{enddate|}}}}}}&altname={{{altname|{{{altname|}}}}}}&nomsonly={{{nomsonly|{{{nomsonly|false}}}}}} {{{linkname|{{{linkname|AfD}}}}}}]<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309435 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://tools.wmflabs.org/afdstats/afdstats.py?name={{urlencode:{{{1|{{{username|Example}}}}}}}}&max={{{max|{{{max|500}}}}}}&startdate={{{startdate|{{{startdate|}}}}}}&enddate={{{enddate|{{{enddate|}}}}}}&altname={{{altname|{{{altname|}}}}}}&nomsonly={{{nomsonly|{{{nomsonly|false}}}}}} {{{linkname|{{{linkname|AfD}}}}}}]<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 86i6p245puloxdz3ogqoajj41hdq4k2 10 53142 309436 2026-09-24T15:12:42Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [[xtools:ec/{{{2|{{{project|{{{2letterlanguage|en}}}.{{{projectname|wikipedia}}}.org}}}}}}/{{urlencode:{{{1|{{{username|Example}}}}}}|PATH}}|{{{3|{{{linklabel|{{{linkname|Edit count}}}}}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[xtools:ec/{{{2|{{{project|{{{2letterlanguage|en}}}.{{{projectname|wikipedia}}}.org}}}}}}/{{urlencode:{{{1|{{{username|Example}}}}}}|PATH}}|{{{3|{{{linklabel|{{{linkname|Edit count}}}}}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fs8nb4l89zg4jufqoeb8xf1c2i3iyuq 309437 309436 2026-09-24T15:13:26Z Isma4l 41797 309437 wikitext text/x-wiki [[xtools:ec/{{{2|{{{project|{{{2letterlanguage|en}}}.{{{projectname|wikipedia}}}.org}}}}}}/{{urlencode:{{{1|{{{username|Example}}}}}}|PATH}}|{{{3|{{{linklabel|{{{linkname|Tirada Wax ka beddelka}}}}}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> j4ypsfrbjqmtveybvgwj8mk4cnwo4m0 309438 309437 2026-09-24T15:14:02Z Isma4l 41797 309438 wikitext text/x-wiki [[xtools:ec/{{{2|{{{project|{{{2letterlanguage|en}}}.{{{projectname|wikipedia}}}.org}}}}}}/{{urlencode:{{{1|{{{username|Example}}}}}}|PATH}}|{{{3|{{{linklabel|{{{linkname|Tirada wax ka beddelka}}}}}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ejgfvgabpcvt769cbbdj8gnpbhokwq3 10 53151 309450 2026-09-24T16:44:02Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <templatestyles src="MLB standings/styles.css"/>{{#invoke:MLB standings|generateStandingsTable_fromTemplate}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309450 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="MLB standings/styles.css"/>{{#invoke:MLB standings|generateStandingsTable_fromTemplate}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> lcsffzag4jcjrryvlufvwmnoz81qbuq 10 53152 309451 2026-09-24T16:44:41Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: .MLBStandingsTable, .MLBStandingsTable th { text-align:center; } .MLBStandingsTable .MLBStandingsHighlightedRow { background:#CCFFCC; color:black; } 309451 sanitized-css text/css .MLBStandingsTable, .MLBStandingsTable th { text-align:center; } .MLBStandingsTable .MLBStandingsHighlightedRow { background:#CCFFCC; color:black; } 9wrwlxjzlv53j0xptdf5gpsqpra0c0m 828 53153 309452 2026-09-24T16:45:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: -- This module copies content from Template:MLB_standings; see the history of that page -- for attribution. local me = { } local mlbData = mw.loadData('Module:MLB standings/data') local Navbar = require('Module:Navbar') -- -- defaultOutputForInput: table mapping from input format to default output format -- (if the output format is not specified in the template arguments) -- local defaultOutputForInput = { default = 'default', overallWinLoss = 'winLossOnly', } -- --... 309452 Scribunto text/plain -- This module copies content from Template:MLB_standings; see the history of that page -- for attribution. local me = { } local mlbData = mw.loadData('Module:MLB standings/data') local Navbar = require('Module:Navbar') -- -- defaultOutputForInput: table mapping from input format to default output format -- (if the output format is not specified in the template arguments) -- local defaultOutputForInput = { default = 'default', overallWinLoss = 'winLossOnly', } -- -- readTeamInfo: table of input parsers -- Keys are the input formats, values are functions that parse the unnamed parameters -- that were passed to the template and return a table holding the team name -- and the win-loss records (either overall, or home and away, depending on the -- input format). -- The parsers take the following parameters: -- args: table holding the parameters (indexed by numeric position) -- currentIdx: the current index from where the next set of data should be parsed -- returnData: table that the parser will update to pass additional data back to the caller. -- returnData.cIndicesRead is updated with the number of parameters that were parsed -- local readTeamInfo = { default = function(args, currentIdx, returnData) if (args[currentIdx] == nil or args[currentIdx+1] == nil or args[currentIdx+2] == nil or args[currentIdx+3] == nil or args[currentIdx+4] == nil ) then return nil end teamInfo = { name = mw.text.trim(args[currentIdx]), homeWins = tonumber(mw.text.trim(args[currentIdx+1])), homeLosses = tonumber(mw.text.trim(args[currentIdx+2])), roadWins = tonumber(mw.text.trim(args[currentIdx+3])), roadLosses = tonumber(mw.text.trim(args[currentIdx+4])), } returnData.cIndicesRead = 5 teamInfo.wins = teamInfo.homeWins + teamInfo.roadWins teamInfo.losses = teamInfo.homeLosses + teamInfo.roadLosses return teamInfo end, -- function readTeamInfo.default() overallWinLoss = function(args, currentIdx, returnData) if (args[currentIdx] == nil or args[currentIdx+1] == nil or args[currentIdx+2] == nil ) then return nil end teamInfo = { name = mw.text.trim(args[currentIdx]), wins = tonumber(mw.text.trim(args[currentIdx+1])), losses = tonumber(mw.text.trim(args[currentIdx+2])), } returnData.cIndicesRead = 3 return teamInfo end, -- function readTeamInfo.default() } -- readTeamInfo object -- -- generateTableHeader: table of functions that generate table header -- Keys are the output formats, values are functions that return a string with the table header -- The generator functions take the following parameter: -- tableHeaderInfo: table that contains the information needed for the header -- local generateTableHeader = { default = function(tableHeaderInfo) return '{| class="wikitable MLBStandingsTable" \ |+ |' .. tableHeaderInfo.navbarText .. '[[' .. tableHeaderInfo.divisionLink .. '|' .. tableHeaderInfo.division .. ']]\ |- \ ! width="51%" | Team \ ! width="6%" | [[Win (baseball)|W]]\ ! width="6%" | [[Loss (baseball)|L]]\ ! width="9%" | [[Winning percentage|Pct.]]\ ! width="8%" | [[Games behind|GB]]\ ! width="10%" | [[Home (sports)|Home]]\ ! width="10%" | [[Road (sports)|Road]]\ ' end, -- function generateTableHeader.default() winLossOnly = function(tableHeaderInfo) return '{| class="wikitable MLBStandingsTable" \ |+ |' .. tableHeaderInfo.navbarText .. tableHeaderInfo.division .. '\ |- \ ! width="66%" | Team\ ! width="10%" | [[Win (baseball)|W]]\ ! width="10%" | [[Loss (baseball)|L]]\ ! width="14%" | [[Winning percentage|Pct.]]\ ' end, -- function generateTableHeader.winLossOnlyNoNavBar() wildCard2012 = function(tableHeaderInfo) return '{| class="wikitable MLBStandingsTable" \ |+ |' .. tableHeaderInfo.navbarText .. 'Wild Card teams<br><small>(Top 2 teams qualify for postseason)</small>\ |- \ ! width="64%" | Team \ ! width="8%" | [[Win (baseball)|W]]\ ! width="8%" | [[Loss (baseball)|L]]\ ! width="10%" | [[Winning percentage|Pct.]]\ ! width="10%" | [[Games behind|GB]]\ ' end, -- function generateTableHeader.wildCard2012 wildCard = function(tableHeaderInfo) local teamText = 'team' local numberOfTeamsText = 'team qualifies' if tableHeaderInfo.wildCardsPerLeague > 1 then teamText = 'teams' numberOfTeamsText = tableHeaderInfo.wildCardsPerLeague .. ' teams qualify' end return '{| class="wikitable MLBStandingsTable" \ |+ |' .. tableHeaderInfo.navbarText .. 'Wild Card ' .. teamText .. '<br><small>(Top ' .. numberOfTeamsText .. ' for postseason)</small>\ |- \ ! width="64%" | Team \ ! width="8%" | [[Win (baseball)|W]]\ ! width="8%" | [[Loss (baseball)|L]]\ ! width="10%" | [[Winning percentage|Pct.]]\ ! width="10%" | [[Games behind|GB]]\ ' end, -- function generateTableHeader.wildCard } -- generateTableHeader object -- -- generateTeamRow: table of functions that generate a table row -- Keys are the output formats, values are functions that return a string with the table row -- The generator functions take the following parameter: -- tableRowInfo: table that contains additional the information needed for the row -- teamInfo: table that contains the team name and win-loss info -- local generateTeamRow = { default = function(teamRowInfo, teamInfo) return '|-' .. teamRowInfo.rowStyle .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.seedText .. '[[' .. teamRowInfo.teamSeasonPage .. '|' .. teamInfo.name .. ']]\ || ' .. teamInfo.wins .. ' || ' .. teamInfo.losses .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.winningPercentage .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.gamesBehind .. '\ || ' .. teamInfo.homeWins .. '&zwj;–&zwj;' .. teamInfo.homeLosses ..'\ || ' .. teamInfo.roadWins .. '&zwj;–&zwj;' .. teamInfo.roadLosses .. '\n' end, -- function generateTeamRow.default() winLossOnly = function(teamRowInfo, teamInfo) return '|-' .. teamRowInfo.rowStyle .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.seedText .. '[[' .. teamRowInfo.teamSeasonPage .. '|' .. teamInfo.name .. ']]\ || ' .. teamInfo.wins .. ' || ' .. teamInfo.losses .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.winningPercentage .. '\n' end, -- function generateTeamRow.winLossOnly wildCard2012 = function(teamRowInfo, teamInfo) return '|-' .. teamRowInfo.rowStyle .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.seedText .. '[[' .. teamRowInfo.teamSeasonPage .. '|' .. teamInfo.name .. ']]\ || ' .. teamInfo.wins .. ' || ' .. teamInfo.losses .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.winningPercentage .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.gamesBehind .. '\n' end, -- function generateTeamRow.wildCard2012 wildCard = function(teamRowInfo, teamInfo) return '|-' .. teamRowInfo.rowStyle .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.seedText .. '[[' .. teamRowInfo.teamSeasonPage .. '|' .. teamInfo.name .. ']]\ || ' .. teamInfo.wins .. ' || ' .. teamInfo.losses .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.winningPercentage .. '\ || ' .. teamRowInfo.gamesBehind .. '\n' end, -- function generateTeamRow.wildCard } -- generateTeamRow object -- -- parseSeeds: function to parse the seeds template argument -- local function parseSeeds(seedsArg, seeds) local seedList = mw.text.split(seedsArg, '%s*,%s*') if (#seedList == 0) then return end for idx, seed in ipairs(seedList) do local seedData = mw.text.split(seed, '%s*:%s*') if (#seedData >= 2) then local seedNumber = tonumber(mw.text.trim(seedData[1])) local team = mw.text.trim(seedData[2]) seeds[seedNumber] = team seeds[team] = seedNumber end end end -- function parseSeeds() -- -- parseHighlightArg: function to parse the highlight template argument -- local function parseHighlightArg(highlightArg, teamsToHighlight) local teamList = mw.text.split(highlightArg, '%s*,%s*') if (#teamList == 0) then return end for idx, team in ipairs(teamList) do teamsToHighlight[mw.text.trim(team)] = true end end -- function parseHighlightArg -- -- parseTeamLInks: function to parse the team_links template argument -- local function parseTeamLinks(teamLinksArg, linkForTeam) local teamList = mw.text.split(teamLinksArg, '%s*,%s*') if (#teamList == 0) then return end for idx, teamLinkInfo in ipairs(teamList) do local teamData = mw.text.split(teamLinkInfo, '%s*:%s*') if (#teamData >= 2) then local team = mw.text.trim(teamData[1]) local teamLink = mw.text.trim(teamData[2]) linkForTeam[team] = teamLink end end end -- function parseTeamLinks local function getWildCardsPerLeagueForYear(year) if year == '' then return 0 end for idx, wildCardInfo in ipairs(mlbData.wildCardInfo) do if wildCardInfo.startYear <= year and year <= wildCardInfo.endYear then return wildCardInfo.wildCardsPerLeague; end end -- year not found, thus no wild cards for specified year return 0; end -- function getWildCardsPerLeagueForYear -- -- function generateStandingsTable -- -- Parameters: frame object from template -- frame.args.input: input format for standings info -- if not specified, the default is team name followed by home win-loss and road win-loss records -- - overallWinLoss: team name followed by overall win-loss record -- -- frame.args.output: output format for standings table -- if not specified, the output format is based on the input format (see defaultOutputForInput table): -- - default => games behind and home and road win-loss records displayed -- - overallWinLoss => overall win-loss records displayed, no games behind column -- - winLossOnly: overall win-loss records displayed, no games behind column -- - wildCard: wildcard standings table displayed -- - wildCard2012: wildcard standings table displayed (effectively the same as wildcard for years from 2012-2021; kept for backwards compatibility) -- -- frame.args.template_name: name of standings template -- if not specified, the default is <year> <division name> standings -- -- frame.args.seeds: list of team seedings -- frame.args.highlight: list of teams to highlight -- frame.args.team_links: list of link targets for each team -- If not specified, the default is just the team name. -- This is used to generate the season page for each team, in the form -- <year> <team link target> season -- function me.generateStandingsTable(frame) local inputFormat = 'default' -- If the input parameter is specified in the template, use it as the input format. if (frame.args.input ~= nil) then local inputArg = mw.text.trim(frame.args.input) if (inputArg == 'overallWinLoss') then inputFormat = 'overallWinLoss' end end local templateName = nil if (frame.args.template_name ~= nil) then templateName = frame.args.template_name end local outputFormat = defaultOutputForInput[inputFormat] local fDisplayNavbar = true local fDisplayGamesBehind = true -- If the output parameter is specified in the template, use it as the output format. -- Note no cross validation is performed to check if it is valid given the input format. if (frame.args.output ~= nil) then local outputArg = mw.text.trim(frame.args.output) if (outputArg == 'winLossOnly') then outputFormat = 'winLossOnly' fDisplayGamesBehind = false end if (outputArg == 'wildCard2012') then outputFormat = 'wildCard2012' end if (outputArg == 'wildCard') then outputFormat = 'wildCard' end end local year = tonumber(mw.text.trim(frame.args.year or '0')) local division = mw.text.trim(frame.args.division or '') local divisionLink = mw.text.trim(frame.args.division_link or division) local wildCardsPerLeague = getWildCardsPerLeagueForYear(year) local seedInfo = {} if (frame.args.seeds ~= nil) then parseSeeds(frame.args.seeds, seedInfo) end local teamsToHighlight = {} if (frame.args.highlight ~= nil) then parseHighlightArg(frame.args.highlight, teamsToHighlight) end local linkForTeam = {} if (frame.args.team_links ~= nil) then parseTeamLinks(frame.args.team_links, linkForTeam) end local listOfTeams = {}; local currentArgIdx = 1; -- Parse the unnamed parameters from the template. This consists of the -- team names and their win-loss records. while (frame.args[currentArgIdx] ~= nil) do local returnData = { } local teamInfo = readTeamInfo[inputFormat](frame.args, currentArgIdx, returnData); if (teamInfo == nil) then break end if (linkForTeam[teamInfo.name] ~= nil) then teamInfo.teamLink = linkForTeam[teamInfo.name] else teamInfo.teamLink = teamInfo.name end table.insert(listOfTeams, teamInfo) currentArgIdx = currentArgIdx + returnData.cIndicesRead end if (#listOfTeams == 0) then return '' end -- table to hold list of strings that will be concatenated at the end -- to create a string with the standings table local outputBuffer = { } local tableHeaderInfo = { division = division, divisionLink = divisionLink, wildCardsPerLeague = wildCardsPerLeague, } if (fDisplayNavbar) then local divisionForNavbox = division if (mlbData.abbreviationForDivision[division] ~= nil) then divisionForNavbox = mlbData.abbreviationForDivision[division] end local standingsPage if (templateName ~= nil) then standingsPage = templateName else standingsPage = year .. ' ' .. divisionForNavbox .. ' standings' end tableHeaderInfo.navbarText = Navbar.navbar({ standingsPage, mini = 1, style = 'float:left;width:0;', }) end table.insert(outputBuffer, generateTableHeader[outputFormat](tableHeaderInfo) ) local leadingHalfGames = nil; if (fDisplayGamesBehind) then local standingsLeaderIdx = 1 if (outputFormat == 'wildCard2012' and #listOfTeams > 1) then standingsLeaderIdx = 2 end if (outputFormat == 'wildCard' and #listOfTeams >= wildCardsPerLeague) then standingsLeaderIdx = wildCardsPerLeague end local teamInfo = listOfTeams[standingsLeaderIdx] leadingHalfGames = (teamInfo.wins - teamInfo.losses) end for idx, teamInfo in ipairs(listOfTeams) do local winningPercentage = string.format( '%.3f', teamInfo.wins / ( teamInfo.wins + teamInfo.losses ) ) winningPercentage = string.gsub(winningPercentage, '^0', '') local teamRowInfo = { teamSeasonPage = year .. ' ' .. teamInfo.teamLink .. ' season', winningPercentage = winningPercentage, gamesBehind = '', seedText = '', rowStyle = '', } if (fDisplayGamesBehind) then local halfGamesBehind = leadingHalfGames - (teamInfo.wins - teamInfo.losses) local prefix = nil -- if games behind is negative, take the absolute value and prefix a + -- character if (halfGamesBehind < 0) then halfGamesBehind = -halfGamesBehind prefix = '+' end if (halfGamesBehind == 0) then teamRowInfo.gamesBehind = '—' else -- if halfGamesBehind is not 0 teamRowInfo.gamesBehind = math.floor(halfGamesBehind / 2) if (halfGamesBehind % 2 == 1) then if (halfGamesBehind == 1) then teamRowInfo.gamesBehind = '½' else teamRowInfo.gamesBehind = teamRowInfo.gamesBehind .. '½' end end if ( prefix ~= nil ) then teamRowInfo.gamesBehind = prefix .. teamRowInfo.gamesBehind end end -- if halfGamesBehind is not 0 end -- if (fDisplayGamesBehind) if (seedInfo[teamInfo.name] ~= nil) then teamRowInfo.seedText = '^{(' .. seedInfo[teamInfo.name] .. ')}&nbsp;' teamRowInfo.rowStyle = ' class="MLBStandingsHighlightedRow"' end if (teamsToHighlight[teamInfo.name]) then teamRowInfo.rowStyle = ' class="MLBStandingsHighlightedRow"' end table.insert(outputBuffer, generateTeamRow[outputFormat](teamRowInfo, teamInfo) ) end -- end of looping over listOfTeams table.insert(outputBuffer, '|}') return table.concat(outputBuffer) end -- function me.generateStandingsTable() function me.generateStandingsTable_fromTemplate(frame) return me.generateStandingsTable(frame:getParent()) end -- function me.generateStandingsTable_fromTemplate() return me 0nsb8ne4bb7eqxxg2gs6tks207iiazk 828 53154 309453 2026-09-24T16:45:45Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local MlbStandingsData = { } MlbStandingsData.abbreviationForDivision = { ['American League Central'] = 'AL Central', ['American League East'] = 'AL East', ['American League West'] = 'AL West', ['National League Central'] = 'NL Central', ['National League East'] = 'NL East', ['National League West'] = 'NL West', } MlbStandingsData.wildCardInfo = { { startYear = 1994, endYear = 2011, wildCardsPerLeague = 1, }, { startYear = 2012, endYear = 20... 309453 Scribunto text/plain local MlbStandingsData = { } MlbStandingsData.abbreviationForDivision = { ['American League Central'] = 'AL Central', ['American League East'] = 'AL East', ['American League West'] = 'AL West', ['National League Central'] = 'NL Central', ['National League East'] = 'NL East', ['National League West'] = 'NL West', } MlbStandingsData.wildCardInfo = { { startYear = 1994, endYear = 2011, wildCardsPerLeague = 1, }, { startYear = 2012, endYear = 2021, wildCardsPerLeague = 2, }, { startYear = 2022, endYear = 9999, wildCardsPerLeague = 3, }, } return MlbStandingsData svv8dlmoc570zhix7m7o6vez4mirarp 10 53155 309454 2026-09-24T16:46:42Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{GeoSource/ref |P1={{{ref|yes}}} |NAME={{#if: {{{REF-NAME|}}}|{{{REF-NAME|}}}|{{{1|}}}_{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}{{{6|}}}}} |REF={{#if: {{{PREFIX|}}}|{{{PREFIX|}}}}} {{GeoSource/list|SOURCE={{{1|}}}:{{{2|}}}|P1={{{3|}}}|P2={{{4|}}}|P3={{{5|}}}|P4={{{6|}}}}} {{#if: {{{SUFFIX|}}}| {{{SUFFIX|}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Geoquelle}} [[Category:Geography external link templates]] </noinclude> 309454 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{GeoSource/ref |P1={{{ref|yes}}} |NAME={{#if: {{{REF-NAME|}}}|{{{REF-NAME|}}}|{{{1|}}}_{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}{{{6|}}}}} |REF={{#if: {{{PREFIX|}}}|{{{PREFIX|}}}}} {{GeoSource/list|SOURCE={{{1|}}}:{{{2|}}}|P1={{{3|}}}|P2={{{4|}}}|P3={{{5|}}}|P4={{{6|}}}}} {{#if: {{{SUFFIX|}}}| {{{SUFFIX|}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Geoquelle}} [[Category:Geography external link templates]] </noinclude> qmzp0fo7w5pndh2sgz65fainxu1456o 10 53156 309455 2026-09-24T16:47:51Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; "> <div style="background-color: white; color:inherit; position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 95px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <!-- body --> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{body}}}; color:inherit;">{{#ifexist: Media:Kit body{{{pattern_b|bad}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|[[File:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=]]|File:... 309455 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; "> <div style="background-color: white; color:inherit; position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 95px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <!-- body --> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{body}}}; color:inherit;">{{#ifexist: Media:Kit body{{{pattern_b|bad}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|[[File:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=]]|[[File:Kit body unknown.svg|top|link=]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit body basketball.svg|top|{{{title}}} jersey|link=]]</div> <!-- shorts --> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #{{{shorts}}}; color:inherit;">{{#ifexist: Media:Kit shorts{{{pattern_s|bad}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|[[File:Kit shorts{{{pattern_s}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=]]|[[File:Kit shorts.svg|top|Team colours|link=]] }}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;">[[File:Kit shorts.svg|top|Team colours|link=]]</div> </div> <!-- Title --> {{#if: {{{title}}}|<div style="padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;">'''{{{title}}}'''</div>|Uniform}} </div><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> dspxsjadc2v8rt57bxh804u50wx77q8 10 53157 309457 2026-09-24T16:49:20Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 95px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <!-- Left arm --> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{leftarm}}}; color:inherit;">{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|[[File:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top]]| }}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height... 309457 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 95px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <!-- Left arm --> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{leftarm}}}; color:inherit;">{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|[[File:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top]]| }}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit left arm.svg|top|Team colours]]</div> <!-- Body ---> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{body}}}; color:inherit;">{{#if: {{{pattern_b|}}}|[[File:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top]]| }}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit body.svg|top|Team colours]]</div> <!-- Right arm --> <div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{rightarm}}}; color:inherit;">{{#if: {{{pattern_ra|}}}|[[File:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top]]| }}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit right arm.svg|top|Team colours]]</div> <!-- Shorts --> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #{{{shorts}}}; color:inherit;">{{#if: {{{pattern_sh|}}}|[[File:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top]]| }}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;">[[File:Kit shorts.svg|top|Team colours]]</div> </div> <!-- Title --> {{#if: {{{title}}}|<div style="padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;">'''{{{title}}}'''</div>|}} </div><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> kky56snfi23z7dger2j1lsqn3m5egpi 10 53158 309458 2026-09-24T16:50:55Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{Infobox | abovestyle = background-color:#B0C4DE; color:inherit; | above = {{if empty|{{{clubname|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|upright={{{upright|}}}|sizedefault=125px}} | imagestyle = border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; | headerstyle = background-color:#B0C4DE; color:inherit; | label1 = Magaca&nbsp;buuxa | data1 = {{if empty|{{{fullname|}}}|{{{full name|}}}}} | label2 = Naanays{{pluralize from text|{{{nickname... 309458 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Infobox | abovestyle = background-color:#B0C4DE; color:inherit; | above = {{if empty|{{{clubname|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|upright={{{upright|}}}|sizedefault=125px}} | imagestyle = border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; | headerstyle = background-color:#B0C4DE; color:inherit; | label1 = Magaca&nbsp;buuxa | data1 = {{if empty|{{{fullname|}}}|{{{full name|}}}}} | label2 = Naanays{{pluralize from text|{{{nickname|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data2 = {{{nickname|}}} | label3 = Magaca&nbsp;gaaban | data3 = {{if empty|{{{shortname|}}}|{{{short name|}}}}} | label4 = La&nbsp;aasaasay | data4 = {{{founded|}}} | label5 = La&nbsp;baabi'iyay | data5 = {{{dissolved|}}} | label6 = Garoon | data6 = {{{ground|}}} | label7 = Awoodda | data7 = {{#if:{{{ground|}}}|{{{capacity|}}} }} | label8 = {{if empty|{{{chrtitle|}}}|Madaxweyne}} | data8 = {{{chairman|}}} | label9 = {{if empty|{{{mgrtitle|}}}|Tababaraha&nbsp;madaxa}} | data9 = {{{manager|}}} | label10 = Kabtan | data10 = {{{captain|}}} | label11 = Horyaal | data11 = {{{league|}}} | label12 = {{{season}}} | data12 = {{#if:{{{season|}}}| {{{position|}}} }} | label13 = Midabbada&nbsp;naadiga | data13 = {{#if:{{{colour1|}}}|{{Color box|{{{colour1}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{colour2|}}}|{{Color box|{{{colour2}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{colour3|}}}|{{Color box|{{{colour3}}}}}}} | data14 = {{#if:{{{pattern_la1|}}}{{{pattern_b1|}}}{{{pattern_ra1|}}}{{{leftarm1|}}}{{{body1|}}}{{{rightarm1|}}}{{{shorts1|}}} | <table style="width:100%; padding: 0; background: #ffffff; color:inherit; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;"> <tr><td>{{Handball kit | pattern_la = {{{pattern_la1|}}} | pattern_b = {{if empty|{{{pattern_b1|}}}|_unknown}} | pattern_ra = {{{pattern_ra1|}}} | pattern_sh = {{{pattern_sh1|}}} | leftarm = {{if empty|{{{leftarm1|}}}|FFFFFF}} | body = {{if empty|{{{body1|}}}|FFFFFF}} | rightarm = {{if empty|{{{rightarm1|}}}|FFFFFF}} | shorts = {{if empty|{{{shorts1|}}}|FFFFFF}} | filetype = {{if empty|{{{filetype|}}}|png}} | title = Guriga }}</td><td>{{Handball kit | pattern_la = {{{pattern_la2|}}} | pattern_b = {{if empty|{{{pattern_b2|}}}|_unknown}} | pattern_ra = {{{pattern_ra2|}}} | pattern_sh = {{{pattern_sh2|}}} | leftarm = {{if empty|{{{leftarm2|}}}|FFFFFF}} | body = {{if empty|{{{body2|}}}|FFFFFF}} | rightarm = {{if empty|{{{rightarm2|}}}|FFFFFF}} | shorts = {{if empty|{{{shorts2|}}}|FFFFFF}} | filetype = {{if empty|{{{filetype|}}}|png}} | title = Marti }}</td></tr></table> }} | belowstyle = text-align: center; padding: .1em 0 0.2em 0; line-height: 1.3em; vertical-align: middle; | below = {{#if:{{{website|}}}|'''Website''' <br /> {{URL|1={{{website}}}|2=Goobta rasmiga ah}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox handball club with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox handball club]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| body1 | body2 | capacity | captain | chairman | chrtitle | clubname | colour1 | colour2 | colour3 | dissolved | filetype | founded | full name | fullname | ground | image | league | leftarm1 | leftarm2 | manager | mgrtitle | nickname | pattern_b1 | pattern_b2 | pattern_la1 | pattern_la2 | pattern_ra1 | pattern_ra2 | pattern_sh1 | pattern_sh2 | position | rightarm1 | rightarm2 | season | short name | shortname | shorts1 | shorts2 | upright | website }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox handball club]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox handball club with conflicting parameters}} | fullname; full name | shortname; short name }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> tom9s6j56n3c1way1ojv4j3yc8w508i 828 53159 309459 2026-09-24T16:52:03Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local p = {} function p.book(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local args = pframe.args local tname = "Librivox book" -- name of calling template. Change if template rename. local title = nil -- display and search title (default: article name w/out dab) local dtitle = nil -- display title (default: title) local stitle = nil -- search title (default: title) local lname = nil -- last name local id = nil -- unsupported argument local author =... 309459 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.book(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local args = pframe.args local tname = "Librivox book" -- name of calling template. Change if template rename. local title = nil -- display and search title (default: article name w/out dab) local dtitle = nil -- display title (default: title) local stitle = nil -- search title (default: title) local lname = nil -- last name local id = nil -- unsupported argument local author = nil -- author local tagline = "public domain audiobook at [[LibriVox]]" local urlhead = "https://librivox.org/search?" local italic = "''" id = trimArg(args.id) if id then error("Error in Template:" .. tname .. " - id argument not supported - please see documentation at [[Template:Librivox author]]") end title = trimArg(args.title) if not title then title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text end dtitle = mw.ustring.gsub(title,'%s+%([^%(]-%)$', '') -- Remove the final disambig paren stitle = dtitle if trimArg(args.stitle) then stitle = trimArg(args.stitle) if not trimArg(args.title) then -- For when used outside main article space dtitle = stitle end end if trimArg(args.dtitle) then dtitle = trimArg(args.dtitle) italic = "" end local stitle = mw.ustring.gsub(stitle," ", "+") -- replace "<space>" with "+" author = trimArg(args.author) if not author then lname = "" else --- Split name into words, count words, set name to last word local N = mw.text.split(author, " ") local l, count = mw.ustring.gsub(author, "%S+", "") lname = N[count] end local url = "[[File:Speaker Icon.svg|15px|class=skin-invert-image|link=|alt=]] " .. "[" .. urlhead .. "title=" .. stitle .. "&author=" .. lname .. "&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced" .. " " .. italic .. dtitle .. italic .. "]" .. " " .. tagline return url end function trimArg(arg) if arg == "" or arg == nil then return nil else return mw.text.trim(arg) end end return p l2155al2e0nxz1lkrn1s5hhhrs2ltzt 10 53160 309460 2026-09-24T16:52:36Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#invoke:Librivox book|book}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|0|[[Category:Articles with LibriVox links]]|}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 309460 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Librivox book|book}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|0|[[Category:Articles with LibriVox links]]|}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> a9nyv2w8qacvgnt1gxysafnyw4bhsse 10 53161 309461 2026-09-24T16:54:02Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>|- ! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;" | Honorary titles </includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309461 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|- ! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;" | Honorary titles </includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 0nk1h51ptrw7j0xlqcaqehxcdfqrlvx 10 53162 309462 2026-09-24T16:55:25Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{nid<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} | [https://www.fjc.gov/node/{{{nid}}} {{#if:{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|{{{name}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}] at the ''[[Biographical Directory of Federal Judges]]'', a publication of the [[Federal Judicial Center]].<includeonly>{{Wikidata check|property=P12000|value={{{nid}}}|category=FJC Bio template with ID}}</includeonly> | {{#if:{{{inline|}}}||*}}{{#if: {{{1|}}} {{{id|}}} | [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.fjc.go... 309462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{nid<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} | [https://www.fjc.gov/node/{{{nid}}} {{#if:{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|{{{name}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}] at the ''[[Biographical Directory of Federal Judges]]'', a publication of the [[Federal Judicial Center]].<includeonly>{{Wikidata check|property=P12000|value={{{nid}}}|category=FJC Bio template with ID}}</includeonly> | {{#if:{{{inline|}}}||*}}{{#if: {{{1|}}} {{{id|}}} | [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid={{Trim|{{{1|{{{id}}}}}}}}&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na {{#if:{{{2|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{name}}}}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}] at the ''[[Biographical Directory of Federal Judges]]'', a publication of the [[Federal Judicial Center]].{{Main other|[[Category:FJC Bio template using old ID]]}} | {{#if: {{#property:P12000}} | [https://www.fjc.gov/node/{{#property:P12000}} {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}] at the ''[[Biographical Directory of Federal Judges]]'', a publication of the [[Federal Judicial Center]].{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P12000}}{{Main other|[[Category:FJC Bio template using Wikidata]]}} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:FJC Bio|FJC Bio]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{Main other|[[Category:FJC Bio template missing ID and not in Wikidata]]}} }} }} }}{{#if:{{{access-date|}}}|&#32;Retrieved {{date|{{{access-date}}}|{{{date-format|}}}}}.}}{{Main other|[[Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges]]}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> gtjh70av1s6kjargaxv4w0qy52q0itm 10 53163 309463 2026-09-24T16:56:28Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [[{{{1}}} in {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | j | junior | jesc = the Junior Eurovision Song Contest | dance | edc = the Eurovision Dance Contest | m | musicians | eym = the Eurovision Young Musicians | dancers | eyd = the Eurovision Young Dancers | c | choir = Eurovision Choir | a | asia = the Eurovision Asia Song Contest | Tartanka Heesaha Eurovision}} {{{y|}}}|{{#if: {{{t|<noinclude>-</noinclude>}}} |{{{t|}}}|{{{1|}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} Category:Eurovision Song Con... 309463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{{1}}} in {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | j | junior | jesc = the Junior Eurovision Song Contest | dance | edc = the Eurovision Dance Contest | m | musicians | eym = the Eurovision Young Musicians | dancers | eyd = the Eurovision Young Dancers | c | choir = Eurovision Choir | a | asia = the Eurovision Asia Song Contest | Tartanka Heesaha Eurovision}} {{{y|}}}|{{#if: {{{t|<noinclude>-</noinclude>}}} |{{{t|}}}|{{{1|}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} [[Category:Eurovision Song Contest templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 6t0uvm0z2xdqk0at7hlfgbtumbptmjb 10 53164 309464 2026-09-24T16:57:13Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [[Enzyme Commission number|EC]] [https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/{{{1}}} {{{1}}}]<!--fr:Modèle:N° EC--><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> 309464 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Enzyme Commission number|EC]] [https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/{{{1}}} {{{1}}}]<!--fr:Modèle:N° EC--><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> 4ydcmvcjfqy4kwtqq0udmosgim860us 10 53165 309465 2026-09-24T16:58:15Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P12577}} | [https://www.besoccer.com/player/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P12577}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at [[BeSoccer]]<includeonly>{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P12577|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly>{{Wikidata check|property=P12577|value={{#if:{{#invoke:String|mat... 309465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P12577}} | [https://www.besoccer.com/player/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P12577}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at [[BeSoccer]]<includeonly>{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P12577|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly>{{Wikidata check|property=P12577|value={{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|pattern=%d+$|ignore_errors=true}}|{{#invoke:String|match|s={{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|pattern=%d+$|ignore_errors=true}}|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}|category=BeSoccer template with ID|namespaces=0|nocatsame=1}} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:BeSoccer|BeSoccer]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{preview warning|1=To find the ID, see the [https://www.besoccer.com/players BeSoccer.com players page] or try this search at [https://www.google.com/search?udm=14&q={{urlencode:{{Remove accents|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}+site%3Abesoccer.com Google.com].}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|0|[[Category:BeSoccer template missing ID and not in Wikidata]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> h88ehyd0s55xit3kqt3snjfv2qbnukd 10 53166 309466 2026-09-24T17:00:21Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span style="padding-left:0.15em;">&#63;</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309466 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-left:0.15em;">&#63;</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ccm11bwozpvkt6zayluwrtjsb826bmg 10 53167 309467 2026-09-24T17:02:18Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P3046}} | [{{#if: {{{archive|}}} | https://web.archive.org/web/{{{archive}}}/ | https://web.archive.org/web/20210101000000/ }}https://www.foradejogo.net/player.php?player={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P3046}}|sep=,}} }}&language=2 {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at ForaDeJogo (arch... 309467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P3046}} | [{{#if: {{{archive|}}} | https://web.archive.org/web/{{{archive}}}/ | https://web.archive.org/web/20210101000000/ }}https://www.foradejogo.net/player.php?player={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P3046}}|sep=,}} }}&language=2 {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at ForaDeJogo (archived){{#if:{{{access-date|}}}{{{accessdate|}}}|. Retrieved {{{access-date|{{{accessdate}}}}}}.}}<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P3046|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly>{{WikidataCheck|property=P3046|value={{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|category=ForaDeJogo player ID|namespaces=0|nocatsame=1}} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:ForaDeJogo|ForaDeJogo]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{Main other|[[Category:ForaDeJogo template missing ID]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> rhh1ledqz6wcl7w64szdokg6136bwoj 10 53168 309468 2026-09-24T17:02:46Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P3661}} | [{{#if: {{{archive|}}} | https://web.archive.org/web/{{{archive}}}/ | https://web.archive.org/web/20210101000000/ }}https://www.foradejogo.net/manager.php?manager={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P3661}}|sep=,}} }}&language=2 {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} manager stats] at... 309468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P3661}} | [{{#if: {{{archive|}}} | https://web.archive.org/web/{{{archive}}}/ | https://web.archive.org/web/20210101000000/ }}https://www.foradejogo.net/manager.php?manager={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P3661}}|sep=,}} }}&language=2 {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} manager stats] at ForaDeJogo (archived){{#if:{{{access-date|}}}{{{accessdate|}}}|. Retrieved {{{access-date|{{{accessdate}}}}}}.}}<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P3661|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:ForaDeJogo manager|ForaDeJogo manager]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> lchrp0bsl1z0bnvsub1kuwie1hyftrb 10 53169 309469 2026-09-24T17:03:08Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} | [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/l/l{{Trim|{{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}}}.html?manager=1 {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}}}}} manager profile] at BDFutbol{{#if:{{{accessdate|}}}|. Retrieved {{{accessdate}}}.}} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:BDFutbol manager|BDFutbol manager]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID.</span> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories... 309469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} | [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/l/l{{Trim|{{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}}}.html?manager=1 {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}}}}} manager profile] at BDFutbol{{#if:{{{accessdate|}}}|. Retrieved {{{accessdate}}}.}} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:BDFutbol manager|BDFutbol manager]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID.</span> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 0rhz4qvnis0uvcgsojgb85fjdkji9el 10 53170 309470 2026-09-24T17:03:30Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P7463}} | [{{#if:{{{archive|}}}|https://web.archive.org/web/{{{archive}}}/|https://web.archive.org/web/20200701/}}https://eu-football.info/_manager.php?id={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P7463}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} manager profile] at EU-Football.info (archived)... 309470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P7463}} | [{{#if:{{{archive|}}}|https://web.archive.org/web/{{{archive}}}/|https://web.archive.org/web/20200701/}}https://eu-football.info/_manager.php?id={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P7463}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} manager profile] at EU-Football.info (archived)<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P7463|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:EU-Football.info manager|EU-Football.info manager]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 8a9p17rdek3fxv9kqnexic2r4qoz0y6 10 53171 309471 2026-09-24T17:03:50Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P4048}} | [https://data.j-league.or.jp/SFIX07/?staff_id={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P4048}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} manager profile] at [[J.League]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://data.j-league.or.jp/SFIX07/?staff_id={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</inc... 309471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P4048}} | [https://data.j-league.or.jp/SFIX07/?staff_id={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P4048}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} manager profile] at [[J.League]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://data.j-league.or.jp/SFIX07/?staff_id={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P4048}}|sep=,}} }} archive]) {{in lang|ja}}<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P4048|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly>{{WikidataCheck|property=P4048|value={{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}|category=J.League manager template with ID|namespaces=0|nocatsame=1}} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:J.League manager|J.League manager]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|0|[[Category:J.League manager template missing ID and not in Wikidata]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 32chwans0i96oudl25rlpnm2sg70lix 10 53172 309472 2026-09-24T17:04:12Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P10995}} | [https://www.national-football-teams.com/coach/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P10995}}|sep=,}} }}.html {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} coach profile] at National-Football-Teams.com<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P10995|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="er... 309472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P10995}} | [https://www.national-football-teams.com/coach/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P10995}}|sep=,}} }}.html {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} coach profile] at National-Football-Teams.com<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P10995|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:NFT coach|NFT coach]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{preview warning|1=To find the ID, try these searches at [https://www.national-football-teams.com/search.html?term={{urlencode:{{Remove accents|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}} National-Football-Teams.com] or [https://www.google.com/search?udm=14&q={{urlencode:{{Remove accents|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}+site%3Anational-football-teams.com%2Fcoach%2F Google.com].}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage. --> </noinclude> o5m6n7erxk6ebp3pndr376suu63hwta 10 53173 309473 2026-09-24T17:04:43Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|s={{#if: 1 | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} }}|pattern=^%d+_|ignore_errors=true}} | [https://web.archive.org/web/20200918/http://www.sambafoot.com/en/trainers/{{#if: 1 | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} }}.html {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} coach profile] at Sambafoot (archived){{preview warning|1=To find the new ID, see the [https://www.sambafoot.com/... 309473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|s={{#if: 1 | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} }}|pattern=^%d+_|ignore_errors=true}} | [https://web.archive.org/web/20200918/http://www.sambafoot.com/en/trainers/{{#if: 1 | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} }}.html {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} coach profile] at Sambafoot (archived){{preview warning|1=To find the new ID, see the [https://www.sambafoot.com/coaches Sambafoot coaches page] or try these searches at [https://www.sambafoot.com/search-results?search={{urlencode:{{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}}} Sambafoot] and [https://www.google.com/search?udm=14&q={{urlencode:{{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}}}+site%3Awww.sambafoot.com%2Fcoaches%2F Google].}} | [https://www.sambafoot.com/coaches/{{#if: 1 | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} coach profile] at Sambafoot {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|s={{#if: {{{1|{{{id|}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P3668}}|sep=,}} }}|pattern=^%d+-|ignore_errors=true}} | ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211231000000/https://www.sambafoot.com/en/coaches/{{#if: 1 | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} }} archive]){{preview warning|1=To find the new ID, see the [https://www.sambafoot.com/coaches Sambafoot coaches page] or try these searches at [https://www.sambafoot.com/search-results?search={{urlencode:{{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}}} Sambafoot] and [https://www.google.com/search?udm=14&q={{urlencode:{{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}}}+site%3Awww.sambafoot.com%2Fcoaches%2F Google].}} }} }} | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:Sambafoot coach|Sambafoot coach]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID.</span>{{preview warning|1=To find the new ID, see the [https://www.sambafoot.com/coaches Sambafoot coaches page] or try these searches at [https://www.sambafoot.com/search-results?search={{urlencode:{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} Sambafoot] and [https://www.google.com/search?udm=14&q={{urlencode:{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}+site%3Awww.sambafoot.com%2Fcoaches%2F Google].}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|0|[[Category:Sambafoot coach template missing ID]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> hz3bff5v91ixwkfcm6gbvn39vn93flw 10 53174 309474 2026-09-24T17:05:05Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P2195}} | [https://www.soccerbase.com/managers/manager.sd?manager_id={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|{{#property:P2195}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} management career statistics] at [[Racing Post#Soccerbase|Soccerbase]]<includeonly>{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P2195|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</in... 309474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P2195}} | [https://www.soccerbase.com/managers/manager.sd?manager_id={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|{{#property:P2195}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} management career statistics] at [[Racing Post#Soccerbase|Soccerbase]]<includeonly>{{Edit at Wikidata|pid=P2195|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:Soccerbase manager|Soccerbase manager]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span>{{preview warning|1=To find the ID, see the [https://www.soccerbase.com/managers/home.sd Soccerbase managers page] or try this [https://www.google.com/search?udm=14&q={{urlencode:{{Remove accents|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}+site%3Asoccerbase.com%2Fmanagers%2F Google search].}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> gyd6wyul4bc96564khgnumzbw32uc58 10 53175 309475 2026-09-24T17:05:46Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P7360}} | [{{#if: {{{archive|}}} | https://web.archive.org/web/{{{archive}}}/ | https://web.archive.org/web/201900101000000/ }}https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/coaches/coach={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P7360}}|sep=,}} }}/profile/index.html {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] –... 309475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P7360}} | [{{#if: {{{archive|}}} | https://web.archive.org/web/{{{archive}}}/ | https://web.archive.org/web/201900101000000/ }}https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/coaches/coach={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P7360}}|sep=,}} }}/profile/index.html {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] – [[UEFA]] coaching record (archived)<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P7360|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:UEFA coach|UEFA coach]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 7schmm6dlacegbojvlh8j2ow04idscg 10 53176 309476 2026-09-24T17:06:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P2449}} | [https://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageID=527&antID={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P2449}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} coach profile] at the [[Turkish Football Federation]]<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P2449|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class... 309476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P2449}} | [https://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageID=527&antID={{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P2449}}|sep=,}} }} {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} coach profile] at the [[Turkish Football Federation]]<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P2449|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:TFF coach|TFF coach]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> lvjc3n5o02kvmx9rgwgyo83rn1wvjvo 10 53177 309478 2026-09-24T17:07:50Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{index|{{{1|none}}}}}} <!-- *** When changing this, also update the datasets for [[Template:Inflation]] and the latest year in [[Template:Inflation/year]]! *** --> | AR = {{#tag:ref|'''1864 to 1912''': [[Jeffrey G. Williamson]], 1998. ''[https://scholar.harvard.edu/jwilliamson/publications/real-wages-and-relative-factor-prices-third-world-1820-1940-latin-america Real Wages and Relative Factor Prices in the Third World 1820–1940: Latin America]'', Appen... 309478 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{index|{{{1|none}}}}}} <!-- *** When changing this, also update the datasets for [[Template:Inflation]] and the latest year in [[Template:Inflation/year]]! *** --> | AR = {{#tag:ref|'''1864 to 1912''': [[Jeffrey G. Williamson]], 1998. ''[https://scholar.harvard.edu/jwilliamson/publications/real-wages-and-relative-factor-prices-third-world-1820-1940-latin-america Real Wages and Relative Factor Prices in the Third World 1820–1940: Latin America]'', Appendix, Nominal Wage, Cost of Living, Real Wage, and Land Price in Argentina, 1864–1940 Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers 1853, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research, '''1913 to 1993''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, '''1994 to 2020''': [[Bank for International Settlements]], ''[https://www.bis.org/statistics/cp.htm Consumer prices]'' |name = "inflation-AR" |group={{{group|}}}}} | AT = {{#tag:ref|'''1440 to 1799''': [[Robert C. Allen]], ''[https://iisg.amsterdam/en/blog/research/projects/hpw/datafiles Prices and Wages in Vienna, 1439–1913]'' '''1800 to 2018''': Gerald Hubmann & Clemens Jobst & Michaela Maier, 2020. ''[https://www.oenb.at/dam/jcr:ca9a17b8-4fa3-4165-927b-b5e802a2d2e4/06_MOP_Q3_20_A-new-long-run-consumer-price-index.pdf A new long-run consumer price index for Austria (1800–2018)],'' Monetary Policy & the Economy, [[Oesterreichische Nationalbank]], issue Q3/20, pages 61–88. |name = "inflation-AT" |group={{{group|}}}}} | AU = {{#tag:ref|'''1850 to 1901''': McLean, I.W. (1999), ''[[doi:10.1111/1467-8446.00036|Consumer Prices and Expenditure Patterns in Australia 1850–1914]]''. [[Australian Economic History Review]], 39: 1–28 (taken W6 series from Table A1, which represents the average inflation in all of Australian colonies). For later years, calculated using the [https://www.rba.gov.au/calculator/annualPreDecimal.html pre-decimal inflation calculator] provided by the [[Reserve Bank of Australia]] for each year, input: £94 8s (94.40 Australian pounds in decimal values), start year: 1901.|name="inflation-AU"|group={{{group |}}}|name="inflation-AU"|group={{{group |}}}}} | AU-road = {{#tag:ref|Inflated values [[Template:Inflation|automatically calculated]] using the "3101 Road and bridge construction Australia" series provided in Australian Bureau of Statistics (2014) ''[http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/6427.0Main+Features1Mar%202014 6427.0 – Producer Price Indexes, Australia, Mar 2014]'': Table 17 Output of the Construction industries, subdivision and class index numbers. Retrieved 14 June 2014.|name="inflation-AU-road"|group={{{group |}}}}} | BD = {{#tag:ref|[https://www.ceicdata.com/en/bangladesh/consumer-and-producer-price-index-annual/bd-consumer-price-index Bangladesh BD: Consumer Price Index Economic Indicators CEIC{{dubious|date=June 2024}} |name = "inflation-BD" |group={{{group|}}}}} | BE= {{#tag:ref|'''1399 to 1849''': [[Robert C. Allen]], ''[https://iisg.amsterdam/en/blog/research/projects/hpw/datafiles Prices and Wages in Antwerp & Belgium, 1366–1913]'' '''1850 to 2025''': [[Bank for International Settlements]], ''[https://www.bis.org/statistics/cp.htm Consumer prices]'' |name = "inflation-BE" |group={{{group|}}}}} | BR= {{#tag:ref|'''1820 to 1911''': Guilherme Alexandre Tombolo, ''[https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/bitstream/handle/1884/29988/R%20-%20D%20-%20GUILHERME%20ALEXANDRE%20TOMBOLO.pdf O PIB brasileiro nos séculos XIX e XX: duzentos anos de flutuações econômicas]'' – Curitiba, 2013 '''1912 to 2007''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998 |name = "inflation-BR" |group={{{group|}}}}} | CA = {{#tag:ref|'''1688 to 1923''': Geloso, Vincent, ''[http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2881432 A Price Index for Canada, 1688 to 1850]'' (December 6, 2016). Afterwards, Canadian inflation numbers based on [[Statistics Canada]] table 18-10-0005-01 (formerly CANSIM 326-0021) {{cite web |publisher=Statistics Canada |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=1810000501#timeframe |title=Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted |access-date=April 17, 2021}}, table 18-10-0004-13 {{cite web |website=Statistics Canada |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=1810000413#timeframe |title=Consumer Price Index by product group, monthly, percentage change, not seasonally adjusted, Canada, provinces, Whitehorse, Yellowknife and Iqaluit |access-date=2024-05-08}} and table 18-10-0005-01 {{cite web |website=Statistics Canada |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1810000501 |title=Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted |access-date=February 14, 2026}} |name = "inflation-CA" |group={{{group|}}}}} | CH = {{#tag:ref|'''1501 to 1813''': Roman Studer, Pascal Schuppli, ''[http://www.swistoval.ch/downloads/pdfs/studer-schuppli-2008.pdf Deflating Swiss Prices over the Past Five Centuries]'', Historical Methods, Summer 2008, Volume 41, Number 3. Afterwards, Switzerland inflation numbers based on FSO-EN to 2015, FSO-DE 2015–2021 {{cite web |publisher=Federal Statistical Office |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/prices/consumer-price-index.assetdetail.17084204.html |title=CPI, Global index on all index bases |access-date=May 14, 2021}} and table 18-10-0004-13 {{cite web |website=Federal Statistical Office |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/prices/consumer-price-index.assetdetail.17084203.html |title=LIK, Totalindex auf allen Indexbasen |access-date=May 14, 2021}} |name = "inflation-CH" |group={{{group|}}}}} | CL = {{#tag:ref|'''1661 to 1805''': Leticia Arroya Abad, Elwyn A. R. Davies, and [[Jan Luiten van Zanden]], ''[https://iisg.amsterdam/en/blog/research/projects/hpw/datafiles Prices and wages in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru]'' '''1807 ''': Guilherme Alexandre Tombolo, ''[https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/bitstream/handle/1884/29988/R%20-%20D%20-%20GUILHERME%20ALEXANDRE%20TOMBOLO.pdf Evolución de los Precios en el Siglo XIX]'' '''1810 to 2006''': '''2007 to 2024''': [[Bank for International Settlements]], ''[https://www.bis.org/statistics/cp.htm Consumer prices]'' |name = "inflation-CL" |group={{{group|}}}}} | CN = {{#tag:ref|'''961 to 1359''': ''[http://gpih.ucdavis.edu/Datafilelist.htm Peter Lindert, China, rice prices 961–1910 (Liu)]'' '''1360 to 1729''': [[Bob Allen (economic historian)|Robert Allen]], Jean-Pascal Bassino, Debin Ma, Christine Moll-Murata, and [[Jan Luiten van Zanden|Jan Luiten Van Zanden]] ''[http://gpih.ucdavis.edu/Datafilelist.htm Beijing prices 1738–1923]'' '''1924 to 1929''': Yuru Wang, ''[https://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Workshops-Seminars/Economic-History/wang-080915.pdf Urban Wholesale Price Change and Economic Growth in Modern China]'' '''1930 to 1948''': Chang, K. (1963). ''[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010620471 The inflationary spiral; the experience in China, 1939–1950]'' [Cambridge]: [[Technology Press]] of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. '''1949 to 1951''': Burdekin, R.C.K., Wang, F. ''[[doi:10.1023/A:1003616005474|A Novel End to the Big Inflation in China in 1950]]'' Economics of Planning 32, 211–229 (1999). '''1952 to 1978''': [[Gregory C. Chow]], Peng Wang, ''[[doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2010.07.009|The empirics of inflation in China]]'', [[Economics Letters]], Volume 109, Issue 1, 2010, [[Issn|ISSN]] 0165-1765. '''1979 to 2019''': [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]], ''[https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=C01 Consumer Price Index]'' |name = "inflation-CN" |group={{{group|}}}}} | DE = {{#tag:ref|'''1500 to 1850''': Ulrich Pfister, 2010. "[https://www.wiwi.uni-muenster.de/oeew/sites/oeew/files/CQE_paper/cqe_wp_15_2010.pdf Consumer prices and wages in Germany, 1500 - 1850]," CQE Working Papers 1510, Center for Quantitative Economics (CQE), [[University of Münster]]. '''1851–1882''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998. After '''1883''', German inflation numbers based on data available from the {{lang|de|Deutsches Statistisches Bundesamt|italic=no|nocat=y}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070707170154/https://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/Statistiken/Zeitreihen/LangeReihen/LebensunterhaltKonsum/Content100/lrleb02a, templateId=renderPrint.psml archive] and [https://www-genesis.destatis.de/genesis/online?operation=abruftabelleBearbeiten&levelindex=1&levelid=1658161383212&auswahloperation=abruftabelleAuspraegungAuswaehlen&auswahlverzeichnis=ordnungsstruktur&auswahlziel=werteabruf&code=61111-0001&auswahltext=&werteabruf=Werteabruf#abreadcrumb GENESIS database].|name="inflation-DE" |group= {{{group |}}}}} | DK = {{#tag:ref|'''1502 to 2007''': Kim Abildgren (2010) ''[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03585520903298184 Consumer prices in Denmark 1502–2007]'', Scandinavian Economic History Review, 58:1, 2–24, '''2008 to 2022''': Statistics Denmark, [https://www.statbank.dk/pris8 Consumer price index, annual average (1900=100) by time]|name="inflation-DK" |group= {{{group |}}}}} | EG= {{#tag:ref|'''1915 to 1993''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998 '''1994 to 2024''': [[World Bank]] ''[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=EG Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) - Egypt, Arab Rep.]'' |name="inflation-EG"|group={{{group|}}}}} | ES= {{#tag:ref|'''1276 to 1850''': {{cite journal |last1=Álvarez Nogal |first1=Carlos |last2=Prados de la Escosura |first2=Leandro |title=The rise and fall of Spain (1270–1850) |journal=[[The Economic History Review]] |date=2013 |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=1–37 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0289.2012.00656.x |publisher=Wiley}} '''1850 to 1936''': {{cite journal |last1=Maluquer de Motes i Bernet |first1=Jordi |title=La paradisíaca estabilidad de la anteguerra: Elaboración de un índice de precios de consumo en España, 1830–1936 |journal=Revista de Historia Económica |date=2006 |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=333–382 |url=https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstream/handle/10016/12544/PARADISIACA_MALUQUER_RHE_2006.pdf |publisher=Universidad Carlos III |location=Madrid |language=es |issn=0212-6109 |hdl=10016/12544 }} '''1936 to 1961''': {{cite book |last1=de Ojeda Eiseley |first1=Alonso |title=Índices de precios en España en el período 1913 - 1987 |date=1988 |publisher=Banco de España |location=Madrid |isbn=84-7793-007-4}} '''1961 to 2022''': {{cite web |title=Consumer Price Index for Spain |url=https://data.imf.org/?sk=85ed2c33-3a4e-440c-a3db-5d994a829b4d&hide_uv=1 |website=International Financial Statistics |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=6 September 2023}}|name="inflation-ES"|group={{{group|}}}}} | EU= {{#tag:ref|''[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/prc_hicp_aind__custom_10190061/default/table?lang=en Eurostat, HICP - annual data (average index and rate of change); for Euro area (19 countries; 20 countries since 2023)]'', retrieved 2 March 2024. DOI [https://10.2908/prc_hicp_aind 10.2908/prc_hicp_aind]}} | FI = {{#tag:ref|Statistics Finland, [https://pxdata.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__khi/statfin_khi_pxt_11xy.px/ 11xy -- Cost-of-living index (1914:1-6=100), annual data, 1860–2023]|name="inflation-FI"|group={{{group|}}}}} | FR = {{#tag:ref|'''1262 to 1789''' Leonardo Ridolfi, ''[http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/211/1/Ridolfi_phdthesis.pdf The French economy in the longue durée: a study on real wages, working days and economic performance from Louis IX to the Revolution (1250–1789)]'', Ridolfi, L. (2019). ''[[doi:10.1017/S0022050719000354|Six Centuries of Real Wages in France from Louis IX to Napoleon III: 1250–1860.]]'' [[The Journal of Economic History]], 79(3), 589–627. '''1798 to 1809''': Mitchell, B. R. (Brian R.). (1975). [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000033152/Home European historical statistics, 1750–1970.] New York: [[Columbia University Press]], '''1810 to 1903''': [[Alfred Sauvy|Sauvy, Alfred]]. ''[http://www.numdam.org/item/JSFS_1952__93__88_0/ Variations des prix de 1810 à nos jours.]'' Journal de la [[French Statistical Society|société française de statistique]], Volume 93 (1952), pp. 88–104 '''1904 to 2022''': [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques]], ''[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/serie/010605954 Coefficient de transformation de l'euro ou du franc d'une année, en euro ou en franc d'une autre année – Base 2015 – Série utilisée par le convertisseur franc-euro – Identifiant 010605954]''|name="inflation-FR"|group={{{group|}}}}} | GR = {{#tag:ref|'''1833 to 1913''': [https://www.oenb.at/en/Publications/Economics/south-east-european-monetary-history-network-data-volume.html South-Eastern European Monetary and Economic Statistics from the Nineteenth Century to World War II], published by: Bank of Greece, Bulgarian National Bank, National Bank of Romania, Oesterreichische Nationalbank, 2014, Athens, Sofia, Bucharest, Vienna. '''1914 to 1958''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, '''1959 to 2025''': [[Bank for International Settlements]], ''[https://data.bis.org/topics/CPI/data?data_view=table&rows=TIME_PERIOD&cols=&settings=asc%7Casc%7Cname&filter=UNIT_MEASURE%3D628%255EFREQ%3DA%255EREF_AREA_TXT%3DGreece Consumer prices]'' |name="inflation-GR"|group={{{group|}}}}} | HK = {{#tag:ref|'''1947 to 1980''': [[Bank for International Settlements]], ''[https://www.bis.org/statistics/cp.htm Consumer prices]'', afterwards {{Cite web|title=Consumer Prices, Table E501 : Consumer Price Index at Commodity/Service Section/Group level|url=https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/scode270.html|access-date=2021-08-14|website=www.censtatd.gov.hk}}|name = "inflation-HK" |group={{{group|}}}}} | ID = {{#tag:ref|'''1820 to 1919''': [[Jeffrey Williamson|Williamson J.]], ''[https://scholar.harvard.edu/jwilliamson/publications/real-wages-and-relative-factor-prices-third-world-1820-1940-asia Real Wages and Relative Factor Prices in the Third World 1820–1940: Asia.]'' 2000, Appendix 3 Nominal Wage, Cost of Living and Real Wage Data for Indonesia Java 1820–1940, Outer Provinces 1878–1939, '''1920 to 1978''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, '''1979 to 2025''': [[Bank for International Settlements]], ''[https://data.bis.org/topics/CPI/data?data_view=table&rows=TIME_PERIOD&cols=&settings=asc%7Casc%7Cname&filter=UNIT_MEASURE%3D628%255EFREQ%3DA%255EREF_AREA_TXT%3DIndonesia Consumer prices]''|name = "inflation-ID" |group={{{group|}}}}} | IL = {{#tag:ref|{{Cite web|title=Bank of Israel - Data & Statistics - SeriesData|url=https://www.boi.org.il/en/DataAndStatistics/Pages/SeriesData.aspx?SeriesCode=CP&DateStart=01/09/1951&DateEnd=30/04/2021&Level=3&Sid=13|access-date=2021-05-25|website=www.boi.org.il}}|name = "inflation-IL" |group={{{group|}}}}} | IN = {{#tag:ref|'''1595 to 1872''': [[Bob Allen (economic historian)|Bob Allen]], [https://www.nuffield.ox.ac.uk/people/sites/allen-research-pages/ Prices and Wages in India, 1595–1930] '''1873 to 1919''': [[Jeffrey Williamson|Williamson J.]], ''[https://scholar.harvard.edu/jwilliamson/publications/real-wages-and-relative-factor-prices-third-world-1820-1940-asia Real Wages and Relative Factor Prices in the Third World 1820–1940: Asia.]'' 2000, Appendix 2 Nominal Wage, Cost of Living and Real Wage Data for India 1873–1939 and Land Prices for the Punjab 1871–1939, '''1920 to 1953''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, '''1954 to 2023''': {{Citation|title=Historic inflation India – CPI inflation|publisher=Inflation.eu|url=http://www.inflation.eu/inflation-rates/india/historic-inflation/cpi-inflation-india.aspx|accessdate=8 July 2023|mode= {{{mode|}}} }}|name = "inflation-IN" |group={{{group|}}}}} | IR = {{#tag:ref|{{Citation|title=The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (Inflation Rate)|publisher=[[Central Bank of Iran]]|url=http://media.dotic.ir/uploads/org/158611657006631500.pdf|language=Persian|accessdate=25 June 2020|mode= {{{mode|}}} }}|name = "inflation-IR" |group={{{group|}}}}} | IS = {{#tag:ref|{{citation|publisher=[[Bank for International Settlements]]|url=https://www.bis.org/statistics/cp.htm|title=Consumer prices|date=26 March 2026|accessdate=1 April 2026}}|name = "inflation-IS" |group={{{group|}}}}} | IT = {{#tag:ref|'''1399 to 1859''': [[Bob Allen (economic historian)|Robert Allen]], ''[https://iisg.amsterdam/en/blog/research/projects/hpw/datafiles Consumer price indices, nominal / real wages and welfare ratios of building craftsmen and labourers, 1260–1913]'', Prices and Wages in Naples, 1474–1806, and Prices and Wages in Northern Italy, 1286–1914, '''1861 to 1995''' [[Istat]], ''[https://www.istat.it/it/files//2011/06/coefficienti_annuali_1861_2019.pdf Coefficienti per tradurre valori monetari dei periodi sottoindicati in valori del 2019]'', 1995 to 2020: Istat, ''[http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?QueryId=23108# Indice dei prezzi al consumo per l'intera collettività]'' |name="inflation-IT"|group={{{group|}}}}} | JP = {{#tag:ref|'''1868 to 1938''': [[Jeffrey Williamson|Williamson J.]], ''[https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jwilliamson/files/1844appendix.pdf Nominal Wage, Cost of Living, Real Wage and Land Rent Data for Japan 1831–1938]'', '''1939 to 1945''': [[Bank of Japan]] ''[https://www.imes.boj.or.jp/en/historical/hstat/hstat.html Historical Statistics]'' Afterwards, Japanese Historical Consumer Price Index numbers based on data available from the Japanese Statistics Bureau. [http://www.rateinflation.com/consumer-price-index/japan-historical-cpi Japan Historical Consumer Price Index (CPI) – 1970 to 2014] Retrieved 30 July 2014. For between 1946 and 1970, from {{cite web|url=http://shouwashi.com/transition-consumerprice.html|title=昭和戦後史|accessdate=2015-01-24}}|name="inflation-JP"|group={{{group|}}}}} | KRW = {{#tag:ref|'''1906 to 1911''': [[Jeffrey Williamson|Williamson J.]] (1999), ''[https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jwilliamson/files/1844appendix.pdf Nominal Wage, Cost of Living, Real Wage and Land Rent Data for Korea 1906–1939]'' '''1912 to 1939''': Mizoguchi, T. (1972). "[http://www.jstor.org/stable/43295548 Consumer Prices and Real Wages in Taiwan and Korea Under Japanese Rule]". ''Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics'', 13(1), 40–56. Retrieved May 21, 2021. Afterwards, consumer price index from [[Statistics Korea]]. [http://www.index.go.kr/potal/stts/idxMain/selectPoSttsIdxSearch.do?idx_cd=2909 Consumer Price Index by year]. Retrieved 3 April 2018, '''1965 to 2025''': [[Bank for International Settlements]], ''[https://data.bis.org/topics/CPI/data?data_view=table&rows=TIME_PERIOD&cols=&settings=asc%7Casc%7Cname&filter=UNIT_MEASURE%3D628%255EFREQ%3DA%255EREF_AREA_TXT%3DKorea Consumer prices]'' |name="inflation-KRW"|group={{{group|}}}}} | MX = {{#tag:ref|'''1525 to 1770''': Leticia Arroya Abad, Elwyn A. R. Davies, and [[Jan Luiten van Zanden]], ''[https://iisg.amsterdam/en/blog/research/projects/hpw/datafiles Prices and wages in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru]'' '''1771 to 1930''': Challú, A., & Gómez-Galvarriato, A. (2015). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/revista-de-historia-economica-journal-of-iberian-and-latin-american-economic-history/article/abs/mexicos-real-wages-in-the-age-of-the-great-divergence-17301930/1BB28BED6451011F99A227CB021C69B3 MEXICO'S REAL WAGES IN THE AGE OF THE GREAT DIVERGENCE, 1730–1930]. Revista De Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 33 (1), 83–122, '''1931 to 1934''': [http://internet.contenidos.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/integracion/pais/historicas/EHMII7.pdf Estadísticas Históricas de México], '''1935 to 1938''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, '''1939 to 2025''': [[Bank for International Settlements]] ''[https://data.bis.org/topics/CPI/data?data_view=table&rows=TIME_PERIOD&cols=&settings=asc%7Casc%7Cname&filter=UNIT_MEASURE%3D628%255EFREQ%3DA%255EREF_AREA_TXT%3DMexico Consumer Prices]'', 26 March 2026. |name="inflation-MX"|group={{{group|}}}}} | NL = {{#tag:ref|'''1900–present:''' {{cite web |title=Prijzen toen en nu |url=https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/visualisaties/prijzen-toen-en-nu |language=nl |website=cbs.nl |publisher=[[Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek]]}} '''1450–1900:''' {{cite web |date=2021-06-14 |title=Value of the Guilder versus Euro |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10622/VY7UY3 |website=iisg.amsterdam |publisher=[[International Institute of Social History]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524174557/https://iisg.amsterdam/en/research/projects/hpw/calculate.php |archive-date=2024-05-24 |access-date=2025-07-29}}|name=inflation-NL|group={{{group|}}} }} | NO = {{#tag:ref|{{cite journal|author=[[Ola Honningdal Grytten|Honningdal Grytten, Ola]]|year=2020|doi=10.1080/03585522.2020.1714714|title=Revising price history: consumer price index for Norway 1492–2018|journal=Scandinavian Economic History Review|volume=68|issue=2|pages=129–144}}|name=inflation-NO|group={{{group|}}}}} | NZ = {{#tag:ref|'''1850 to 2017''': {{Cite web |title=Consumer Price Index, Annual Growth |url=https://data1850.nz/ |website=Data1850 |publisher=New Zealand Institute of Economic Research}} '''2018–2026''': {{Cite web |title=Consumers Price Index |url=https://infoshare.stats.govt.nz/ |website=Infoshare |publisher=StatsNZ}}|name=inflation-NZ|group={{{group|}}}}} | PE = {{#tag:ref|'''1564 to 1824''': Leticia Arroya Abad, Elwyn A. R. Davies, and [[Jan Luiten van Zanden]], ''[https://iisg.amsterdam/en/blog/research/projects/hpw/datafiles Prices and wages in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru]'' '''1825 to 1900''': Leticia Arroyo Abad, 2016. ''[http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/economia/article/download/16516/16871/ Despegue frustrado: costo de vida y estándares de vida en el Perú durante el siglo XIX],'' Revista Economía, Fondo Editorial - [[Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]], vol. 39(78), pages 119–148. '''1901 to 2017''': Cesar Martinelli, Marco Vega ''[https://www.bcrp.gob.pe/docs/Publicaciones/Documentos-de-Trabajo/2018/documento-de-trabajo-007-2018-esp.pdf La Historia Monetaria y Fiscal de Peru, 1960–2017: Experimentos Radicales de Politica, Inflacion y Estabilizacion]'' |name=inflation-PE|group={{{group|}}}}} | PH = {{#tag:ref|'''1899 to 1938''': [[Jeffrey Williamson|Williamson J.]], Real Wages and Relative Factor Prices in the Third World 1820–1940: Asia, ''[https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jwilliamson/files/1844appendix.pdf Nominal Wage, Cost of Living and Real Wage Data for the Philippines 1899–1940]'' '''1949 to 1958''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998. Afterwards, [http://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/spei_new/tab33_cpi.htm Consumer Price Index, Inflation Rate and Purchasing Power of the Peso] (national averages)|name=inflation-PH|group={{{group|}}}}} | PK = {{#tag:ref|{{Cite web|date=19 March 2021 |title=Claims on central government, etc. (% GDP)|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FS.AST.CGOV.GD.ZS|website=[[World Bank]] Data}}|name = "inflation-PK" |group={{{group|}}}}} | PL = {{#tag:ref|'''1409 to 1913''': [[Robert C. Allen]], ''[https://iisg.amsterdam/en/blog/research/projects/hpw/datafiles Consumer price indices, nominal / real wages and welfare ratios of building craftsmen and labourers, 1260–1913]'', '''1914 to 2007''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, '''2008 to 2021''': [[World Bank]], [https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/themes/economy.html Consumer price index (2010 = 100) 2008–2021] |name = "inflation-PL" |group={{{group|}}}}} | PT = {{#tag:ref|'''1672 to 1928''': Pimenta, Carlos ''[https://www.fep.up.pt/docentes/cpimenta/textos/pdf/Tese_TOTAL_V08_FinalHumus.pdf Explicação da Inflação em Portugal]''. ISEG. Lisbon: [[Technical University of Lisbon|UTL]]. '''1929 to 2007''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998 |name = "inflation-PT" |group={{{group|}}}}} | RU = {{#tag:ref|'''1548 to 1675''' A.G. Vinogradov, ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/National_economy_of_Russia_1515_2015/ek9tDwAAQBAJ National economy of Russia 1515–2015]'', '''1703 to 1913''': [[Boris Mironov (historian)|Mironov, B.]] (2010). ''[http://www.jstor.org/stable/20621167 Wages and Prices in Imperial Russia, 1703–1913.]'' [[The Russian Review]], 69(1), 47–72. Retrieved May 21, 2021, '''1914 to 1956''': Efremov, Steven M., [https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1474/ The Role of Inflation in Soviet History: Prices, Living Standards, and Political Change] (2012), '''1956 to 1984''': [[CIA]], [https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000292223.pdf USSR: Estimates of Personal Incomes and Savings] '''1985 to 1990''': Stanley Fischer, 1994. [https://www.nber.org/system/files/chapters/c6021/c6021.pdf Russia and the Soviet Union Then and Now], NBER Chapters, in: The Transition in Eastern Europe, Volume 1, Country Studies, pages 221–258, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., '''1991–2023''': Federal State Statistics Service, [https://rosstat.gov.ru/statistics/price ''Indices of consumer prices for goods and services in the Russian Federation, monthly data (since 1991)''] |name = "inflation-RU" |group={{{group|}}}}} |SE = {{#tag:ref|'''1290 to 2009''' Edvinsson, R., & Söderberg, J. (2010). [https://www.riksbank.se/globalassets/media/forskning/monetar-statistik/volym1/8.pdf The evolution of Swedish consumer prices 1290–2008.] In Exchange Rates, Prices, and Wages, 1277–2008 (pp. 412–452). '''2009 to 2023''' {{cite web |url=https://www.scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/prices-and-consumption/consumer-price-index/consumer-price-index-cpi/pong/tables-and-graphs/consumer-price-index-cpi/cpi-historical-numbers-1830/ |title=CPI, Historical numbers, 1830– |website=Statistics Sweden |access-date=2024-05-15}}|name="inflation-SE" |group={{{group |}}}}} | SG = {{#tag:ref|{{cite web|url=https://tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/table/TS/M212931|title=M212931 - Consumer Price Index (CPI), 2019 As Base Year, Annual|publisher= Department of Statistics, Singapore|access-date=10 September 2023|date=23 May 2023}} |name = "inflation-SG" |group={{{group|}}}}} |TH = {{#tag:ref|'''1820 to 1941''': [[Jeffrey Williamson|Williamson J.]], ''[https://scholar.harvard.edu/jwilliamson/publications/real-wages-and-relative-factor-prices-third-world-1820-1940-asia Real Wages and Relative Factor Prices in the Third World 1820–1940: Asia.]'' 2000, Nominal Wage, Cost of Living and Real Wage Data for Thailand (Siam) 1820–1939, '''1944 to 1993''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, '''1994 to 2020''': [[Bank for International Settlements]], ''[https://www.bis.org/statistics/cp.htm Consumer prices]'' |name="inflation-TH" |group={{{group |}}}}} | TR = {{#tag:ref|'''1585 to 1938''': Hakan Berument and Asli Gunay 1 (2007) [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02692170701189102 Inflation Dynamics and its Sources in the Ottoman Empire: 1586–1913], International Review of Applied Economics, 21:2, 207–245, '''1939 to 2021''': [[Bank for International Settlements]], ''[https://www.bis.org/statistics/cp.htm Consumer prices]'' |name="inflation-TR" |group={{{group |}}}}} | TW = {{#tag:ref|'''1903 to 1958''': Coos Santing, 2007, ''[https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/file.xhtml?fileId=13634&version=2.0 Inflation 1800–2000]'', data from [[OECD]], Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ''Economic Outlook. Historical Statistics'' and Mitchell, B. R. ''International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1993'' London : [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]; New York : Stockton, 1998, ''International Historical Statistics, Europe 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, and ''International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750–1993'' London : Macmillan; New York : Stockton, 1998, '''1959 to 2021''': Statistical Bureau of the Republic of China, ''[https://eng.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=12092&ctNode=1558&mp=5 Time Series of Consumer Price Indices in Taiwan Area]'' |name="inflation-TW" |group={{{group |}}}}} | UK = {{#tag:ref|UK [[Consumer Price Index]] inflation figures from 1209–2024 based on data from {{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date={{#if:{{{df|}}}|18 February 2026|February 18, 2026}} |title=Inflation calculator |url=https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/inflation/inflation-calculator |website=[[Bank of England]] |location=London |access-date={{#if:{{{df|}}}|1 April 2026|April 1, 2026}} |mode={{{mode|}}} }} |name="inflation-UK" |group={{{group |}}}}} | UKGDP|UK-GDP|UK-CAP = {{#tag:ref|United Kingdom [[Gross Domestic Product deflator]] figures follow the ''MeasuringWorth'' "consistent series" supplied in {{cite web |first1= Ryland |last1= Thomas |first2= Samuel H. |last2= Williamson |title= What Was the U.K. GDP Then? |url= http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/ukgdp/ |work= [[MeasuringWorth]] |year= 2026 |accessdate= {{#if:{{{df|}}}|1 April 2026|April 1, 2026}} |name-list-style = {{{name-list-style|}}} |mode= {{{mode|}}} }}|name="inflation-UKGDP" | group ={{{group |}}}}} | US = {{#tag:ref|1634–1699: {{cite book|last = McCusker |first = J. J. |author-link = John J. McCusker |year = 1997 |title = How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda |url=https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf |publisher = [[American Antiquarian Society]]}} 1700–1799: {{cite book |last = McCusker |first = J. J. |author-link = John J. McCusker |year = 1992 |url = https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf |title = How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States |publisher = [[American Antiquarian Society]] }} 1800–present: {{cite web |author= Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis |url= https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800- |title= Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800– |website= |access-date= {{#if:{{{df|}}}|29 February 2024 | February 29, 2024 }} |mode= {{{mode|}}} }}|name="inflation-US" |group={{{group |}}}}} | USGDP|US-GDP|US-CAP = {{#tag:ref|{{cite web |first1= Louis |last1= Johnston |first2= Samuel H. |last2= Williamson |title= What Was the U.S. GDP Then? |url= http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/usgdp/ |work= [[MeasuringWorth]] |year= 2023 |accessdate= {{#if:{{{df|}}}|30 November 2023|November 30, 2023}} |name-list-style = {{{name-list-style|}}} |mode= {{{mode|}}} |postscript = {{#ifeq: {{{mode|}}} | cs2 |.}}<!--sets a terminal period if needed.--> }} United States [[Gross Domestic Product deflator]] figures follow the ''MeasuringWorth'' series. |name="inflation-USGDP" | group ={{{group |}}}}} | VN= {{#tag:ref|'''1995 to 2022''': [[World Bank]] Open Data, ''[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL?end=2022&locations=VN&start=1995&view=chart Consumer price index]'' |name = "inflation-VN" |group={{{group|}}}}} | ZAR = {{#tag:ref|[http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/south-africa/consumer-price-index South Africa – Consumer price index], International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.{{dubious|date=September 2016}} |name = "inflation-ZAR" |group={{{group|}}}}} | none = {{#tag:ref|Inflated values [[Template:Inflation|automatically calculated]]. {{Citation error|no index specified|Inflation/fn}}|name="inflation/fn" |group={{{group|}}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages with errors in inflation template]]}}}} |#default = {{#tag:ref|Inflated values [[Template:Inflation|automatically calculated]]. {{Citation error|undefined index "{{{index|{{{1}}}}}}"|Inflation/fn}}|name="inflation/fn-{{{index|{{{1}}}}}}" |group={{{group|}}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages with errors in inflation template]]}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 312uj4bclu7192dop8p4l7026dkaui2 828 53178 309479 2026-09-24T17:09:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: local MessageBox = require("Module:Message box") local yesno = require("Module:Yesno") local p = {} local function demoCheck(args) return yesno(args["demo"]) or yesno(args["nocat"]) end local function showWarning(text, nocat) mw.addWarning(text) return nocat and "" or "[[Category:Pages with split article warnings]]" end local function delink(text) if text == nil then return nil end return string.gsub(string.gsub(require("Module:Delink")._delink{text}, "%[%[", ""), "%]... 309479 Scribunto text/plain local MessageBox = require("Module:Message box") local yesno = require("Module:Yesno") local p = {} local function demoCheck(args) return yesno(args["demo"]) or yesno(args["nocat"]) end local function showWarning(text, nocat) mw.addWarning(text) return nocat and "" or "[[Category:Pages with split article warnings]]" end local function delink(text) if text == nil then return nil end return string.gsub(string.gsub(require("Module:Delink")._delink{text}, "%[%[", ""), "%]%]", "") end local function showError(text, nocat) return string.format( "%s%s %s", nocat and "" or "[[Category:Pages with split article errors]] ", tostring( mw.html.create("span") :css("color", "red") :css("font-weight", "bold") :wikitext("Error:") ), text ) end local function singleText(args) local text = "" -- from1 also included in case someone filed the template improperly local from = delink(args["from"] or args["from1"]) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subjectPageTitle.prefixedText local fromTalk = mw.title.new(from).talkPageTitle.prefixedText if args["from1"] then text = text .. showWarning( "<code>from</code> is not a row-based parameter. Use <code>from</code> instead of <code>from1</code>.", demoCheck(args) ) end -- Row-based parameters local to = delink(args["to"] or args["to1"]) local diff = args["diff"] or args["diff1"] local date = args["date"] or args["date1"] local from_oldid = args["from_oldid"] or args["from_oldid1"] if to == nil then return showError("Target page was not specified with <code>to</code>.", demoCheck(args)) end if date == nil then text = text .. showWarning("Split date was not specified with <code>date</code>. This may cause an error in the future.", demoCheck(args)) end text = string.format("Material from [[%s]] was split out into [[%s]]", from, to, date) if diff ~= nil and date ~= nil then if diff:match("^[0123456789/]+$") then text = string.format("%s on [[Special:Diff/%s|%s]]", text, diff, date) else text = string.format("%s on [%s %s]", text, diff, date) end elseif date ~= nil then text = string.format("%s on %s", text, date) end if from_oldid ~= nil then if from_oldid:match("^[0123456789/]+$") then text = string.format("%s from [[Special:Diff/%s|this version]]", text, from_oldid) else text = string.format("%s from [%s this version]", text, from_oldid) end end text = string.format( "%s. The former page's [[Special:PageHistory/%s|history]] now serves to ".. "[[Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia|provide attribution]] for that content ".. "in the latter page, and it must not be deleted so long as the latter page ".. "exists. Please leave this template in place to link the article histories ".. "and preserve this attribution.", text, from ) if fromTalk ~= mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText then text = string.format( "%s The former page's talk page can be accessed at [[%s]].", text, fromTalk ) end return text end local function row(args, i) local text = "" local to = delink(args["to" .. i] or (i == 1 and args["to"] or nil)) local toTalk = mw.title.new(delink(to)).talkPageTitle.prefixedText local diff = args["diff" .. i] or (i == 1 and args["diff"] or nil) local date = args["date" .. i] or (i == 1 and args["date"] or nil) local from_oldid = args["from_oldid" .. i] or (i == 1 and args["from_oldid"] or nil) if date == nil then text = text .. showWarning(string.format( "Split date for \"%s\" (<code>to%s</code>) was not specified with <code>date</code>. This may cause an error in the future.", to, i ), demoCheck(args)) end local rowText = string.format( "[[%s]] ([[%s|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/%s|history]])", to, toTalk, to, date, diff ) if diff ~= nil and date ~= nil then if diff:match("^[0123456789/]+$") then rowText = string.format("%s on [[Special:Diff/%s|%s]]", rowText, diff, date) else rowText = string.format("%s on [%s %s]", rowText, diff, date) end elseif date ~= nil then rowText = string.format("%s on %s", rowText, date) end if from_oldid ~= nil then if from_oldid:match("^%d+$") then rowText = string.format("%s from [[Special:Diff/%s|this version]]", rowText, from_oldid) else rowText = string.format("%s from [%s this version]", rowText, from_oldid) end end return mw.html.create("li"):wikitext(rowText) end local function multiText(args) local text = "" -- from1 also included in case someone filed the template improperly local from = delink(args["from"] or args["from1"]) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subjectPageTitle.prefixedText local fromTalk = mw.title.new(delink(from)).talkPageTitle.prefixedText local collapse = tonumber(args["collapse"]) or yesno(args["collapse"]) if args["from1"] then text = text .. showWarning( "<code>from</code> is not a row-based parameter. Use <code>from</code> instead of <code>from1</code>.", demoCheck(args) ) end if args["from_oldid1"] then text = text .. showWarning( "<code>from_oldid</code> is not a row-based parameter. Use <code>from_oldid</code> instead of <code>from_oldid1</code>.", demoCheck(args) ) end text = string.format( "Material from [[%s]] was split out into other pages. The former page's ".. "[[Special:PageHistory/%s|history]] now serves to ".. "[[Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia|provide attribution]] for that content ".. "in the latter pages, and it must not be deleted so long as the latter pages ".. "exist. Please leave this template in place to link the article histories ".. "and preserve this attribution.", from, from ) local ul = mw.html.create("ul") local ul2 local target = ul -- Row-based parameters local i = 1 while args["to" .. i] or (i == 1 and args["to"]) do -- Swap out ul with collapsible table if collapsible if collapse == true and i == 1 then -- Only on first run target = mw.html.create("table") :attr("class", "mw-collapsible mw-collapsed") :attr("style", "width:100%; background-color: var( --background-color-warning-subtle, #fdf2d5 ); color: inherit;") :node(mw.html.create("tr") :node(mw.html.create("th") :wikitext("Page splits") ) ) :node(mw.html.create("td"):node(ul)) elseif collapse == (i - 1) then ul2 = ul ul = mw.html.create("ul") -- Only once threshold has been reached target = mw.html.create("table") :attr("class", "mw-collapsible mw-collapsed") :attr("style", "width:100%; background-color: var( --background-color-warning-subtle, #fdf2d5 ); color: inherit;") :node(mw.html.create("tr") :node(mw.html.create("th") :wikitext("Other page splits") ) ) :node(mw.html.create("tr") :node(mw.html.create("td"):node(ul)) ) end ul:node(row(args, i)) i = i + 1 end if fromTalk ~= mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText then text = string.format( "%s The former page's talk page can be accessed at [[%s]].", text, fromTalk ) end text = text .. " " .. tostring(ul2 or "") .. tostring(target) return text end local function bannerText(args) -- Checks if there are multiple rows local text if args["to2"] ~= nil and ((args["to1"] or args["to"]) ~= nil) then text = multiText(args) --.. categories(args,true) else text = singleText(args) --.. categories(args,false) end return text end function p.renderBanner(args) return MessageBox.main('tmbox', { name = "split-article", small = args["small"], image = '[[File:Split-arrows.svg|50px]]', text = bannerText(args) }) end function p.main(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = true, removeBlanks = true }) return p.renderBanner(args) end return p qbt1ppny96cqo98ky08fhmtcpkl4bq4 309481 309479 2026-09-24T17:11:08Z Isma4l 41797 309481 Scribunto text/plain local MessageBox = require("Module:Message box") local yesno = require("Module:Yesno") local p = {} local function demoCheck(args) return yesno(args["demo"]) or yesno(args["nocat"]) end local function showWarning(text, nocat) mw.addWarning(text) return nocat and "" or "[[Category:Pages with split article warnings]]" end local function delink(text) if text == nil then return nil end return string.gsub(string.gsub(require("Module:Delink")._delink{text}, "%[%[", ""), "%]%]", "") end local function showError(text, nocat) return string.format( "%s%s %s", nocat and "" or "[[Category:Pages with split article errors]] ", tostring( mw.html.create("span") :css("color", "red") :css("font-weight", "bold") :wikitext("Khalad:") ), text ) end local function singleText(args) local text = "" -- from1 also included in case someone filed the template improperly local from = delink(args["from"] or args["from1"]) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subjectPageTitle.prefixedText local fromTalk = mw.title.new(from).talkPageTitle.prefixedText if args["from1"] then text = text .. showWarning( "<code>from</code> ma aha cabbir ku saleysan saf. Adeegso <code>from</code> halkii <code>from1</code>.", demoCheck(args) ) end -- Row-based parameters local to = delink(args["to"] or args["to1"]) local diff = args["diff"] or args["diff1"] local date = args["date"] or args["date1"] local from_oldid = args["from_oldid"] or args["from_oldid1"] if to == nil then return showError("Bogga bartilmaameedka ah looma qeexin <code>to</code>.", demoCheck(args)) end if date == nil then text = text .. showWarning("Taariikhda kala-guurka looma qeexin <code>date</code>. Tani waxay sababi kartaa khalad mustaqbalka.", demoCheck(args)) end text = string.format("Agabka laga keenay [[%s]] ayaa loo kala qaaday [[%s]]", from, to, date) if diff ~= nil and date ~= nil then if diff:match("^[0123456789/]+$") then text = string.format("%s taariikhdu markay ahayd [[Special:Diff/%s|%s]]", text, diff, date) else text = string.format("%s taariikhda [%s %s]", text, diff, date) end elseif date ~= nil then text = string.format("%s taariikhda %s", text, date) end if from_oldid ~= nil then if from_oldid:match("^[0123456789/]+$") then text = string.format("%s laga bilaabo [[Special:Diff/%s|noocyadan]]", text, from_oldid) else text = string.format("%s laga bilaabo [%s noocyadan]", text, from_oldid) end end text = string.format( "%s. Taariikhda boggii hore ee [[Special:PageHistory/%s|taariikhda]] waxay hadda u adeegtaa in ay ".. "[[Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia|bixiso tilmaamaha]] ee nuxurkaas ".. "bogga dambe, mana aha in la tirtiro inta uu bogga dambe jiro. Fadlan halkan ku reeb qaabkan si aad ugu xirto taariikhaha maqaalka ".. "oo aad ilaaliso tilmaamahan.", text, from ) if fromTalk ~= mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText then text = string.format( "%s Bogga wadahadalka ee boggii hore waxaa laga heli karaa [[%s]].", text, fromTalk ) end return text end local function row(args, i) local text = "" local to = delink(args["to" .. i] or (i == 1 and args["to"] or nil)) local toTalk = mw.title.new(delink(to)).talkPageTitle.prefixedText local diff = args["diff" .. i] or (i == 1 and args["diff"] or nil) local date = args["date" .. i] or (i == 1 and args["date"] or nil) local from_oldid = args["from_oldid" .. i] or (i == 1 and args["from_oldid"] or nil) if date == nil then text = text .. showWarning(string.format( "Taariikhda kala-guurka ee \"%s\" (<code>to%s</code>) looma qeexin <code>date</code>. Tani waxay sababi kartaa khalad mustaqbalka.", to, i ), demoCheck(args)) end local rowText = string.format( "[[%s]] ([[%s|wadahadal]] | [[Special:PageHistory/%s|taariikhda]])", to, toTalk, to, date, diff ) if diff ~= nil and date ~= nil then if diff:match("^[0123456789/]+$") then rowText = string.format("%s taariikhda markay ahayd [[Special:Diff/%s|%s]]", rowText, diff, date) else rowText = string.format("%s taariikhda [%s %s]", rowText, diff, date) end elseif date ~= nil then rowText = string.format("%s taariikhda %s", rowText, date) end if from_oldid ~= nil then if from_oldid:match("^%d+$") then rowText = string.format("%s laga bilaabo [[Special:Diff/%s|noocyadan]]", rowText, from_oldid) else rowText = string.format("%s laga bilaabo [%s noocyadan]", rowText, from_oldid) end end return mw.html.create("li"):wikitext(rowText) end local function multiText(args) local text = "" -- from1 also included in case someone filed the template improperly local from = delink(args["from"] or args["from1"]) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subjectPageTitle.prefixedText local fromTalk = mw.title.new(delink(from)).talkPageTitle.prefixedText local collapse = tonumber(args["collapse"]) or yesno(args["collapse"]) if args["from1"] then text = text .. showWarning( "<code>from</code> ma aha cabbir ku saleysan saf. Adeegso <code>from</code> halkii <code>from1</code>.", demoCheck(args) ) end if args["from_oldid1"] then text = text .. showWarning( "<code>from_oldid</code> ma aha cabbir ku saleysan saf. Adeegso <code>from_oldid</code> halkii <code>from_oldid1</code>.", demoCheck(args) ) end text = string.format( "Agabka laga keenay [[%s]] ayaa loo kala qaaday boggoc kale. Taariikhda boggii hore ee ".. "[[Special:PageHistory/%s|taariikhda]] waxay hadda u adeegtaa in ay ".. "[[Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia|bixiso tilmaamaha]] ee nuxurkaas ".. "bogagga dambe, mana aha in la tirtiro inta ay bogagga dambe jiraan. Fadlan halkan ku reeb qaabkan si aad ugu xirto taariikhaha maqaalka ".. "oo aad ilaaliso tilmaamahan.", from, from ) local ul = mw.html.create("ul") local ul2 local target = ul -- Row-based parameters local i = 1 while args["to" .. i] or (i == 1 and args["to"]) do -- Swap out ul with collapsible table if collapsible if collapse == true and i == 1 then -- Only on first run target = mw.html.create("table") :attr("class", "mw-collapsible mw-collapsed") :attr("style", "width:100%; background-color: var( --background-color-warning-subtle, #fdf2d5 ); color: inherit;") :node(mw.html.create("tr") :node(mw.html.create("th") :wikitext("Kala-guurka bogagga") ) ) :node(mw.html.create("td"):node(ul)) elseif collapse == (i - 1) then ul2 = ul ul = mw.html.create("ul") -- Only once threshold has been reached target = mw.html.create("table") :attr("class", "mw-collapsible mw-collapsed") :attr("style", "width:100%; background-color: var( --background-color-warning-subtle, #fdf2d5 ); color: inherit;") :node(mw.html.create("tr") :node(mw.html.create("th") :wikitext("Kala-guurka bogagga kale") ) ) :node(mw.html.create("tr") :node(mw.html.create("td"):node(ul)) ) end ul:node(row(args, i)) i = i + 1 end if fromTalk ~= mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText then text = string.format( "%s Bogga wadahadalka ee boggii hore waxaa laga heli karaa [[%s]].", text, fromTalk ) end text = text .. " " .. tostring(ul2 or "") .. tostring(target) return text end local function bannerText(args) -- Checks if there are multiple rows local text if args["to2"] ~= nil and ((args["to1"] or args["to"]) ~= nil) then text = multiText(args) else text = singleText(args) end return text end function p.renderBanner(args) return MessageBox.main('tmbox', { name = "split-article", small = args["small"], image = '[[File:Split-arrows.svg|50px]]', text = bannerText(args) }) end function p.main(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = true, removeBlanks = true }) return p.renderBanner(args) end return p iswdlgs1fazn5hwjg3wf1vumxvjm3gx 10 53179 309480 2026-09-24T17:10:14Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#invoke:Split article|main}}{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check |unknown=[[Category:Pages using split article with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]] |preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | demo | nocat | collapse | small | from | from1 | regexp1 = to[%d]* | regexp2 = from_oldid[%d]* | regexp3 = diff[%d]* | regexp4 = date[%d]* }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 309480 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Split article|main}}{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check |unknown=[[Category:Pages using split article with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]] |preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | demo | nocat | collapse | small | from | from1 | regexp1 = to[%d]* | regexp2 = from_oldid[%d]* | regexp3 = diff[%d]* | regexp4 = date[%d]* }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> jfx4hhlw6g8fyoj8sm2amueptwvzge1 10 53180 309482 2026-09-24T17:14:50Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox | name = Split | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | small = {{{small|}}} | style = {{#if:{{{small|}}}|width: auto; margin-right: 0px;}} | textstyle = {{#if:{{{small|}}}|width: auto;}} | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | type = move | image = [[File:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{part}}... 309482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox | name = Split | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | small = {{{small|}}} | style = {{#if:{{{small|}}}|width: auto; margin-right: 0px;}} | textstyle = {{#if:{{{small|}}}|width: auto;}} | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | type = move | image = [[File:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{part}}}}}|yes|qaybo ka mid ah|}} {{#if:{{{section|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{section}}}}}|yes|qaybtan|{{{section|qaybta}}}}}|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|boggan|maqaalkan}}}} be '''[[Wikipedia:Splitting|loo kala qaybiyo]]''' {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|bogag|maqaallo}}|bog|maqaal}} cusub oo cinwaankiisu yahay {{Pagelist|delim=''|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}}|bogag {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|bogag|maqaallo}} badan}}{{#if:{{{reason|}}}|, sababtoo ah {{{reason|}}}}}. ([[{{{discuss|{{{talk|{{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}}}}|'''Ka dood''']]) | cat = Articles proposed for splitting | all = All articles proposed for splitting | date = {{{date|}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- qaybta iyo xiriiriyeyaasha interwiki-ga ku dhig bogga-hoosaadka /doc, ee ha ku dhigin halkan --> </noinclude> ioymdnxerrdwcz6lbwszu641zd0kb0m 309484 309482 2026-09-24T17:17:55Z Isma4l 41797 309484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox | name = Split | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | small = {{{small|}}} | style = {{#if:{{{small|}}}|width: auto; margin-right: 0px;}} | textstyle = {{#if:{{{small|}}}|width: auto;}} | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | type = move | image = [[File:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{part}}}}}|yes|qeybo ka mid ah|}}kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{section}}}}}|yes|qeybtan|{{{section|qeybta}}}}}|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|bogga|maqaalka}}}} la '''[[Wikipedia:Splitting|kala qaybiyo]]''' oo loo wareejiyo {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|bogagga|maqaallada}}|bog ama maqaal cusub}} cinwaankiisu yahay {{Pagelist|delim=''|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}}|bogagga badan}}{{#if:{{{reason|}}}|, sababtoo ah {{{reason|}}}}}. ([[{{{discuss|{{{talk|{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}}}}|'''Wadahadal''']]) | cat = Maqaallada loo soo jeediyay in la kala qaybiyo | all = Dhammaan maqaallada loo soo jeediyay in la kala qaybiyo | date = {{{date|}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin --> </noinclude> 3s45vt8x1g4prmtk6u6qh5lto5hujeo 10 53181 309483 2026-09-24T17:15:32Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <sup class="noprint selfreference">&#91;''[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#{{{section|{{{1|}}}}}}|{{{text|{{{2|dood}}}}}}]]''&#93;</sup><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309483 wikitext text/x-wiki <sup class="noprint selfreference">&#91;''[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#{{{section|{{{1|}}}}}}|{{{text|{{{2|dood}}}}}}]]''&#93;</sup><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4yy82sw9vjns0zqlbehoywocmti1bmz 10 53182 309485 2026-09-24T17:18:46Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Mbox | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | name = Being split | type = move |image={{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}} |from=[[File:Mergefrom.svg|50px|link=]] |#default=[[File:Split-arrows.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] }}| text = '''Kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}} waa mid {{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}}|from=loo qorsheeyay inuu helo [[Wikipedia:Splitting|kala-guur]]|#default=hadda loo qorshe... 309485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Mbox | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | name = Being split | type = move |image={{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}} |from=[[File:Mergefrom.svg|50px|link=]] |#default=[[File:Split-arrows.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] }}| text = '''Kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}} waa mid {{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}}|from=loo qorsheeyay inuu helo [[Wikipedia:Splitting|kala-guur]]|#default=hadda loo qorsheeyay [[Wikipedia:Splitting|in la kala qaybiyo]]}}.'''<br /> Waxaa jira isku raacsan in la kala qaybiyo {{#if:{{{target|}}}{{{article|}}}{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}}|from=''[[{{{target|{{{article|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}]]'' oo loo keenayo kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}}|#default=kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}} oo loo wareejinayo ''[[{{{target|{{{article|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}]]''}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}}|from=qeyb kale oo ka mid ah kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}} kana mid ah kan ku jira|#default=kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}} oo loo wareejinayo mid kale {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}}}}}}. Waad fulin kartaa kala-guurka adigoo raacaya go'aanka ku yaal {{#if:{{{discuss|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{talk|}}}|'''[[{{{discuss|{{{2|{{{talk|}}}}}}}}}|wadahadalka]]'''|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}}|from=[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|bogga wadahadalka ee kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}}]]|#default={{#if:{{{target|}}}{{{article|}}}{{{1|}}}|[[{{TALKPAGENAME:{{{target|{{{article|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}}}|bogga wadahadalka ee bartilmaameedka]]|[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|bogga wadahadalka ee kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}}]]}}}}}} iyo [[WP:PROSPLIT|tilmaamaha kala-guurka]].{{#if:{{{date<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|'' ({{#time:F Y|{{{date<includeonly>|</includeonly><noinclude>|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}</noinclude>}}}}})''}}<br />{{small|Ha tirtirin ogeiintan ilaa inta kala-guurka laga fulinayo.}} }} {{#if:{{{nocat|<noinclude>yes</noinclude>}}}||[[Category:Maqaallada hadda la kala qaybinayo]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> qpkkzwuf56stz66mzskxxbr1n255jca 309486 309485 2026-09-24T17:21:00Z Isma4l 41797 309486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Mbox | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | name = Being split | type = move |image={{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}} |from=[[File:Mergefrom.svg|50px|link=]] |#default=[[File:Split-arrows.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] }}| text = '''Kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}} waa mid {{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}}|from=loo qorsheeyay inuu helo [[Wikipedia:Splitting|kala-guur]]|#default=hadda loo qorsheeyay [[Wikipedia:Splitting|in la kala qaybiyo]]}}.'''<br /> Waxaa jira isku raacsan in la kala qaybiyo {{#if:{{{target|}}}{{{article|}}}{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}}|from=''[[{{{target|{{{article|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}]]'' oo loo keenayo kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}}|#default=kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}} oo loo wareejinayo ''[[{{{target|{{{article|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}]]''}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}}|from=qeyb kale oo ka mid ah kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}} kana mid ah kan ku jira|#default=kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}} oo loo wareejinayo mid kale {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}}}}}}. Waad fulin kartaa kala-guurka adigoo raacaya go'aanka ku yaal {{#if:{{{discuss|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{talk|}}}|'''[[{{{discuss|{{{2|{{{talk|}}}}}}}}}|wadahadalka]]'''|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{dir}}}}}|from=[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|bogga wadahadalka ee kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}}]]|#default={{#if:{{{target|}}}{{{article|}}}{{{1|}}}|[[{{TALKPAGENAME:{{{target|{{{article|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}}}|bogga wadahadalka ee bartilmaameedka]]|[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|bogga wadahadalka ee kan {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{{spacetype|}}}|{{{spacetype}}}|{{{3|maqaalka}}}}}}}]]}}}}}} iyo [[WP:PROSPLIT|tilmaamaha kala-guurka]].{{#if:{{{date<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|'' ({{#iferror:{{#time:F Y|{{{date<includeonly>|</includeonly><noinclude>|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}</noinclude>}}}}}}|{{{date<includeonly>|</includeonly><noinclude>|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}</noinclude>}}}}})''}}<br />{{small|Ha tirtirin ogeiintan ilaa inta kala-guurka laga fulinayo.}} }} {{#if:{{{nocat|<noinclude>yes</noinclude>}}}||[[Category:Maqaallada hadda la kala qaybinayo]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> d7i7ez7kecre7a3y16i5xg4j8y14os4 10 53183 309487 2026-09-24T17:22:10Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split sections}} begin-->{{Split portions|sections=y|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|3={{{3|}}}|4={{{4|}}}|5={{{5|}}}|6={{{6|}}}|7={{{7|}}}|8={{{8|}}}|9={{{9|}}}|10={{{10|}}}|11={{{11|}}}|12={{{12|}}}|13={{{13|}}}|14={{{14|}}}|15={{{15|}}}|16={{{16|}}}|17={{{17|}}}|18={{{18|}}}|19={{{19|}}}|20={{{20|}}}|date={{{date|}}}|section={{{section|}}}|subsections={{{subsections|}}}|demospace={{{demospace|}}}|portion={{{portion|{{{portion... 309487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split sections}} begin-->{{Split portions|sections=y|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|3={{{3|}}}|4={{{4|}}}|5={{{5|}}}|6={{{6|}}}|7={{{7|}}}|8={{{8|}}}|9={{{9|}}}|10={{{10|}}}|11={{{11|}}}|12={{{12|}}}|13={{{13|}}}|14={{{14|}}}|15={{{15|}}}|16={{{16|}}}|17={{{17|}}}|18={{{18|}}}|19={{{19|}}}|20={{{20|}}}|date={{{date|}}}|section={{{section|}}}|subsections={{{subsections|}}}|demospace={{{demospace|}}}|portion={{{portion|{{{portions|}}}}}}|small={{{small|}}}|discuss={{{discuss|:{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}}}}}}<!--{{Split sections end}}--> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, fadlan, halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> r404h0kh92e6929gh9p7c17jpglwpua 10 53184 309488 2026-09-24T17:22:48Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split portions}} begin-->{{Ambox | demospace={{{demospace|}}} | type = move | small = {{#if:{{{small|}}}|left}} | image = [[File:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in {{#if:{{{portion|{{{portions|}}}}}}|{{{portion|{{{portions}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{sections|}}}|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|hoos-qeybaha|qeybaha}}|{{#if:{{{subsections|}}}|hoos-qeybaha|qeybo}}}} ka mid ah kan {{#if:{{{section|{{{subsect... 309488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split portions}} begin-->{{Ambox | demospace={{{demospace|}}} | type = move | small = {{#if:{{{small|}}}|left}} | image = [[File:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in {{#if:{{{portion|{{{portions|}}}}}}|{{{portion|{{{portions}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{sections|}}}|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|hoos-qeybaha|qeybaha}}|{{#if:{{{subsections|}}}|hoos-qeybaha|qeybo}}}} ka mid ah kan {{#if:{{{section|{{{subsections|}}}}}}|qeybta|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|bogga|maqaalka}}}} la [[Wikipedia:Splitting|'''kala qaybiyo''']] oo la iskugu daro {{#if:{{{existing|}}}|sida loogu baahdo}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|bogagga|maqaallada}}|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{#if:{{{existing|}}}|bogga|bog kale}}|{{#if:{{{existing|}}}|maqaalka|maqaal kale}}}}}}{{#if:{{{1|}}}|&#32;oo cinwaankisu yahay {{Pagelist|delim=''|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}}{{#if:{{{existing|}}}|, {{#if:{{{2|}}}|kuwaas oo mid ama in ka badan ay horay u jireen|kaas oo horay u jiray}}}}}}. ([[{{{discussion|{{{discuss|{{{talk|:{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}}}}|'''Wadahadal''']]) {{#if:{{{date|}}}|<small>''({{{date}}})''</small>}} }}{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}||{{#if:{{{sections|}}}|{{DMCA|Qeybaha maqaallada ee loo soo jeediyay in la kala qaybiyo|from|{{{date|}}}}}}}{{DMCA|Maqaallada loo soo jeediyay in la kala qaybiyo|from|{{{date|}}}|Dhammaan maqaallada loo soo jeediyay in la kala qaybiyo}}}}<!--{{Split portions}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 4fbg9mkv16sx82tsknihbx7ewtv56c8 309489 309488 2026-09-24T17:27:42Z Isma4l 41797 309489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split portions}} begin-->{{Ambox | demospace={{{demospace|}}} | type = move | small = {{#if:{{{small|}}}|left}} | image = [[File:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in {{#if:{{{portion|{{{portions|}}}}}}|{{{portion|{{{portions}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{sections|}}}|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|qaybo-hoosaadyo|qaybo}}|{{#if:{{{subsections|}}}|qaybo-hoosaadyo|qaybo}}}} ee {{#if:{{{section|{{{subsections|}}}}}}|qaybtan|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|boggan|maqaalkan}}}}}} [[Wikipedia:Splitting|'''loo kala qaybiyo''']] {{#if:{{{existing|}}}|oo lagu daro {{#if:{{{2|}}}|sida loo baahdo}}}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|bogag|maqaallo}}|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{#if:{{{existing|}}}|bogga|bog kale}}|{{#if:{{{existing|}}}|maqaalka|maqaal kale}}}}}}{{#if:{{{1|}}}|&#32;oo cinwaankiisu yahay {{Pagelist|delim=''|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}}{{#if:{{{existing|}}}|, {{#if:{{{2|}}}|mid ama ka badan oo hore u jiray|kaas oo hore u jiray}}}}}}. ([[{{{discussion|{{{discuss|{{{talk|:{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}}}}|'''Wadahadal''']]) {{#if:{{{date|}}}|<small>''({{{date}}})''</small>}} }}{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}||{{#if:{{{sections|}}}|{{DMCA|Qaybaha maqaallada ee loo soo jeediyay in la kala qaybiyo|from|{{{date|}}}}}}}{{DMCA|Maqaallada loo soo jeediyay in la kala qaybiyo|from|{{{date|}}}|All articles proposed for splitting}}}}<!--{{Split portions}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 4itgzdulwwakuxen36b37pu6i97xblc 10 53185 309491 2026-09-24T17:29:25Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split section portions}} begin-->{{Split portions|section=y|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|3={{{3|}}}|4={{{4|}}}|5={{{5|}}}|6={{{6|}}}|7={{{7|}}}|8={{{8|}}}|9={{{9|}}}|10={{{10|}}}|11={{{11|}}}|12={{{12|}}}|13={{{13|}}}|14={{{14|}}}|15={{{15|}}}|16={{{16|}}}|17={{{17|}}}|18={{{18|}}}|19={{{19|}}}|20={{{20|}}}|date={{{date|}}}|sections={{{sections|}}}|subsections={{{subsections|}}}|demospace={{{demospace|}}}|portion={{{portion|{... 309491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split section portions}} begin-->{{Split portions|section=y|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|3={{{3|}}}|4={{{4|}}}|5={{{5|}}}|6={{{6|}}}|7={{{7|}}}|8={{{8|}}}|9={{{9|}}}|10={{{10|}}}|11={{{11|}}}|12={{{12|}}}|13={{{13|}}}|14={{{14|}}}|15={{{15|}}}|16={{{16|}}}|17={{{17|}}}|18={{{18|}}}|19={{{19|}}}|20={{{20|}}}|date={{{date|}}}|sections={{{sections|}}}|subsections={{{subsections|}}}|demospace={{{demospace|}}}|portion={{{portion|{{{portions|}}}}}}|small={{{small|}}}|discuss={{{discuss|:{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}}}}}}<!--{{Split section portions}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, please, not here! --> </noinclude> bzm8wuakm4xprbgzwercr30qt10d8yq 10 53186 309494 2026-09-24T17:30:29Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split section}} begin-->{{Split portions|portion={{{portion|{{{portions|{{{section|this section}}}}}}}}}|1={{{1|}}} |date={{{date|}}}|demospace={{{demospace|}}}|small={{{small|}}}|discuss={{{talk|{{{discuss|{{{2|:{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|[[Category:Pages with Split section templates needing conversion of 2 to discuss]]}}<!--{{Split section}} end-->}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories a... 309494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split section}} begin-->{{Split portions|portion={{{portion|{{{portions|{{{section|this section}}}}}}}}}|1={{{1|}}} |date={{{date|}}}|demospace={{{demospace|}}}|small={{{small|}}}|discuss={{{talk|{{{discuss|{{{2|:{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|[[Category:Pages with Split section templates needing conversion of 2 to discuss]]}}<!--{{Split section}} end-->}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, please not here! --> </noinclude> j3oki3timhtownaw5ikcau9w5iomera 10 53187 309497 2026-09-24T17:32:19Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__|$B= {{Ambox | name = Section move to | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | small = {{{small|}}} | image = [[File:Mergefrom.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in qaybo ka mid ah [[{{{1}}}]] {{#ifeq:{{{section|}}}{{{sections|}}}|||({{{section|}}}{{{sections|}}})}} lagu [[Wikipedia:Section move|'''soo raro''']] boggan. ({{{discussion|{{{discuss|{{{talk|{{TALKPAGENAME:{{{1}}... 309497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__|$B= {{Ambox | name = Section move to | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | small = {{{small|}}} | image = [[File:Mergefrom.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in qaybo ka mid ah [[{{{1}}}]] {{#ifeq:{{{section|}}}{{{sections|}}}|||({{{section|}}}{{{sections|}}})}} lagu [[Wikipedia:Section move|'''soo raro''']] boggan. ([[{{{discussion|{{{discuss|{{{talk|{{TALKPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|'''Wadahadal''']]) | date = {{{date|}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{Doc}} </noinclude> fda6huomn8o226h4ty16y5g506oqso8 10 53188 309500 2026-09-24T17:32:56Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__|$B= {{Ambox | name = Section move from | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | small = {{{small|}}} | image = [[File:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{section|{{{sections|}}}}}}}}|yes|qaybtan|qaybo ka mid ah boggan {{#ifeq:{{{section|{{{sections|}}}}}}|||({{{section|{{{sections|}}}}}})}}}} lagu [[Wikipedia:Section move|'''raro''']] {{#if:{{... 309500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__|$B= {{Ambox | name = Section move from | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | small = {{{small|}}} | image = [[File:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{section|{{{sections|}}}}}}}}|yes|qaybtan|qaybo ka mid ah boggan {{#ifeq:{{{section|{{{sections|}}}}}}|||({{{section|{{{sections|}}}}}})}}}} lagu [[Wikipedia:Section move|'''raro''']] {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[{{{1}}}]]|maqaal kale oo jira}}. ([[{{{discussion|{{{discuss|{{{talk|{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|'''Wadahadal''']]) | cat = Articles proposed for splitting | all = All articles proposed for splitting | cat2 = Articles proposed for section moving | all2 = All articles proposed for section moving | date = {{{date|}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{Doc}} </noinclude> bgkbph2hs0ofxg3j273ly4objg5gh99 309502 309500 2026-09-24T17:33:19Z Isma4l 41797 309502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__|$B= {{Ambox | name = Section move from | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | small = {{{small|}}} | image = [[File:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{section|{{{sections|}}}}}}}}|yes|qaybtan|qaybo ka mid ah boggan {{#ifeq:{{{section|{{{sections|}}}}}}|||({{{section|{{{sections|}}}}}})}}}} lagu [[Wikipedia:Section move|'''wareejiyay''']] {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[{{{1}}}]]|maqaal kale oo jira}}. ([[{{{discussion|{{{discuss|{{{talk|{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|'''Wadahadal''']]) | cat = Articles proposed for splitting | all = All articles proposed for splitting | cat2 = Articles proposed for section moving | all2 = All articles proposed for section moving | date = {{{date|}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{Doc}} </noinclude> 16ntvvr2ucn35nr5iwk8nod4mepn9xn 10 53189 309503 2026-09-24T17:34:14Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Cleanup Split}} begin-->{{Ambox | small = {{{small|}}} | name = Cleanup split | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | image = [[Image:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | issue = {{#if:{{{section|}}}|Qaybtan|Maqaalkan ama qaybtan}} '''waxaa laga yaabaa inay u baahan tahay in la nadiifiyo ama la soo koobo.''' Waxaa loo kala qaybiyay {{#ifeq:{{{dir}}}|from... 309503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Cleanup Split}} begin-->{{Ambox | small = {{{small|}}} | name = Cleanup split | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | image = [[Image:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | issue = {{#if:{{{section|}}}|Qaybtan|Maqaalkan ama qaybtan}} '''waxaa laga yaabaa inay u baahan tahay in la nadiifiyo ama la soo koobo.''' Waxaa loo kala qaybiyay {{#ifeq:{{{dir}}}|from|ka yimid|{{#ifeq:{{{dir}}}|to|loo diray|ka yimid/loo diray}}}} {{Pagelist|delim=''|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}}. {{#if:{{{reason|}}} |Dhibaatada gaarka ah waa: '''{{Terminate sentence|{{{reason}}}}}''' |}} }}<!--{{Split}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Qaybaha iyo xiriiriyeyaasha interwiki-ga ku dar bogga-hoosaadka /doc, fadlan halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> 9dx178143m0exq5yc4r8rstdmbu9qk4 309504 309503 2026-09-24T17:34:29Z Isma4l 41797 309504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Cleanup Split}} begin-->{{Ambox | small = {{{small|}}} | name = Cleanup split | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | image = [[Image:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | issue = {{#if:{{{section|}}}|Qaybtan|Maqaalkan ama qaybtan}} '''waxaa laga yaabaa inay u baahan tahay in la nadiifiyo ama la soo koobo.''' Waxaa loo kala qaybiyay {{#ifeq:{{{dir}}}|from|ka yimid|{{#ifeq:{{{dir}}}|to|loo diray|ka yimid}}}} {{Pagelist|delim=''|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}}. {{#if:{{{reason|}}} |Dhibaatada gaarka ah waa: '''{{Terminate sentence|{{{reason}}}}}''' |}} }}<!--{{Split}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Qaybaha iyo xiriiriyeyaasha interwiki-ga ku dar bogga-hoosaadka /doc, fadlan halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> 0dtwxfqymtzu94nq1zkhh66aghr0h4b 309505 309504 2026-09-24T17:34:59Z Isma4l 41797 309505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Cleanup Split}} begin-->{{Ambox | small = {{{small|}}} | name = Cleanup split | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | image = [[Image:Split-arrows.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | issue = {{#if:{{{section|}}}|Qaybtan|Maqaalkan ama qaybtan}} '''waxaa laga yaabaa inay u baahan tahay in la nadiifiyo ama la soo koobo.''' Waxaa loo kala qaybiyay {{#ifeq:{{{dir}}}|from|ka yimid|{{#ifeq:{{{dir}}}|to|loo diray|ka yimid/loo diray}}}} {{Pagelist|delim=''|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}}. {{#if:{{{reason|}}} |Dhibaatada gaarka ah waa: '''{{Terminate sentence|{{{reason}}}}}''' |}} }}<!--{{Split}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Qaybaha iyo xiriiriyeyaasha interwiki-ga ku dar bogga-hoosaadka /doc, fadlan halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> 9dx178143m0exq5yc4r8rstdmbu9qk4 10 53190 309506 2026-09-24T17:35:45Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split dab}} begin-->{{Split|section=[[Wikipedia:Disambiguation|bogga kala saarista]]|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|3={{{3|}}}|4={{{4|}}}|5={{{5|}}}|6={{{6|}}}|7={{{7|}}}|8={{{8|}}}|9={{{9|}}}|10={{{10|}}}|11={{{11|}}}|12={{{12|}}}|13={{{13|}}}|14={{{14|}}}|15={{{15|}}}|16={{{16|}}}|17={{{17|}}}|18={{{18|}}}|19={{{19|}}}|20={{{20|}}}|date={{{date|}}}|discuss={{{discuss|{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}}}<includeonly>{{DMCA|||Bogagga kala saa... 309506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Split dab}} begin-->{{Split|section=[[Wikipedia:Disambiguation|bogga kala saarista]]|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|3={{{3|}}}|4={{{4|}}}|5={{{5|}}}|6={{{6|}}}|7={{{7|}}}|8={{{8|}}}|9={{{9|}}}|10={{{10|}}}|11={{{11|}}}|12={{{12|}}}|13={{{13|}}}|14={{{14|}}}|15={{{15|}}}|16={{{16|}}}|17={{{17|}}}|18={{{18|}}}|19={{{19|}}}|20={{{20|}}}|date={{{date|}}}|discuss={{{discuss|{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}}}<includeonly>{{DMCA|||Bogagga kala saarista ee u baahan in la kala qaybiyo}}</includeonly><!--{{Split dab}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> qj1llov42tc2a3ufhc7mcdgohb5ldvx 10 53191 309507 2026-09-24T17:36:28Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox |name=Afd-merge to |templatestyles=Afd-merge_to/styles.css |subst=<includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> |type=move |class=ambox-mergeto |image=[[File:Merge-arrow.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] |text='''{{#if:{{{section|}}}|Qaybtan|{{#if:{{{spacetype|{{{what|}}}}}}|{{{spacetype|{{{what}}}}}}|maqaalkan}}}} hadda waxaa loo qorsheeyay in lagu [[Wikipedia:Merging|daro]] {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|maqaallo kale|maqaal... 309507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox |name=Afd-merge to |templatestyles=Afd-merge_to/styles.css |subst=<includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> |type=move |class=ambox-mergeto |image=[[File:Merge-arrow.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] |text='''{{#if:{{{section|}}}|Qaybtan|{{#if:{{{spacetype|{{{what|}}}}}}|{{{spacetype|{{{what}}}}}}|maqaalkan}}}} hadda waxaa loo qorsheeyay in lagu [[Wikipedia:Merging|daro]] {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|maqaallo kale|maqaal kale}}|maqaal kale}}.'''<br /> {{#if:{{{section|}}}|Qaybtan|{{#if:{{{spacetype|{{{what|}}}}}}|{{{spacetype|{{{what}}}}}}|Maqaalkan}}}} waxaa loo magacaabay in la isku daro. {{#if:{{{talk|{{{discuss|{{{discussion|{{{afd|<includeonly>{{#ifexist:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/{{PAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>Tusaale</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}|'''[[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/{{{talk|{{{discuss|{{{discussion|{{{afd|<includeonly>{{PAGENAME}}</includeonly><noinclude>Tusaale</noinclude>}}}}}}}}}}}}|wadahadalka]]'''|{{error|(Khalad: fadlan bixi magaca bog-hoosaadka ee wadahadalka AfD)}}}}, tifaftirayaashu waxay gaareen is-afgarad ah in {{#if:{{{section|}}}|nuxurka qaybtan|nuxurkeeda}} lagu daro {{#if:{{{1|<noinclude>Tusaale</noinclude>}}}|{{Pagelist|noredir=true|nspace={{{nspace|}}}|delim=''|{{{1|<noinclude>Maqaal kale</noinclude>}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}}|{{error|(Khalad: fadlan bixi magaca ugu yaraan hal maqaal oo {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qaybtan|{{#if:{{{spacetype|{{{what|}}}}}}|{{{spacetype|{{{what}}}}}}|maqaalka}}}} lagu darayo)}}}}. Waxaad ka caawin kartaa isku-darka adigoo raacaya [[Wikipedia:PROMERGE|tilmaamaha isku-darka]]. {{#if:{{{date|<noinclude>dummytext</noinclude>}}}|''({{#time:F Y|{{{date|}}} }})''}}<!-- Categories --><includeonly>{{#if:{{yesno|{{{nocat|}}}}}||{{DMC|Maqaallada leh is-afgarad lagu isku darayo|from|{{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{#time:F Y|{{{date}}}}}}}|Dhammaan maqaallada leh is-afgarad lagu isku darayo}}}}</includeonly><br />{{small|Ha ka saarin ogeysiiskan ilaa {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qaybta la isku daro|isku-darku la fuliyo}}.}}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 18956o0ymcm4cyxzupdm0pjhw4t2dgr 10 53192 309508 2026-09-24T17:36:53Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} Background colors do not play nicely with mobile skins, so do not use an inline style here so it can be skinned appropriately without use of !important */ .ambox-mergeto { background: #e4d8ff; } body.skin-minerva .ambox-mergeto { background: #f8f9fa; } 309508 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} Background colors do not play nicely with mobile skins, so do not use an inline style here so it can be skinned appropriately without use of !important */ .ambox-mergeto { background: #e4d8ff; } body.skin-minerva .ambox-mergeto { background: #f8f9fa; } s6zab9duu5vug3ljanrr5d1agosqniz 10 53193 309509 2026-09-24T17:37:30Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{mbox | demospace={{{demospace|}}} | type = move | small = {{{small|}}} | image = [[Image:Mergefrom.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in '''qaybo ka mid ah ''[[{{{1}}}]]''{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&ensp;({{{2|}}})}} laga [[Wikipedia:Splitting|kala qaybiyo]]''' oo [[Wikipedia:Merging|lagu daro]] {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qaybtan|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|boggan|maqaalkan}}}}. ({{{discussion|{{{discuss|{{{talk|:{{NAMESPACE}}... 309509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{mbox | demospace={{{demospace|}}} | type = move | small = {{{small|}}} | image = [[Image:Mergefrom.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] | text = Waxaa la soo jeediyay in '''qaybo ka mid ah ''[[{{{1}}}]]''{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&ensp;({{{2|}}})}} laga [[Wikipedia:Splitting|kala qaybiyo]]''' oo [[Wikipedia:Merging|lagu daro]] {{#if:{{{section|}}}|qaybtan|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|boggan|maqaalkan}}}}. ([[{{{discussion|{{{discuss|{{{talk|:{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}}}}|'''Wadahadal''']]) |date={{{date|}}} }} {{DMCA|Articles proposed for splitting|from|{{{date|}}}|All articles proposed for splitting}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> efmsfvqm5vbmmd1swtmlq7s0bpuhdqh 10 53194 309510 2026-09-24T17:38:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{mbox | small = {{{small|}}} | name = Cleanup merge | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | image = [[Image:Mergefrom.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = {{#if:{{{section|{{{21|}}}}}}|Qaybtan|{{#if:{{{spacetype|{{{what|}}}}}}|{{{spacetype|{{{what}}}}}}|Maqaalkan}}}} '''waxaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahan yahay in la nadiifiyo''' sababtoo ah {{#if:{{{1|}}}|maqaalka{{#if:{{{2|}}}|maqaallada}} {{Pagelist|nspace={{{nspace|}}}|... 309510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | small = {{{small|}}} | name = Cleanup merge | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | image = [[Image:Mergefrom.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = {{#if:{{{section|{{{21|}}}}}}|Qaybtan|{{#if:{{{spacetype|{{{what|}}}}}}|{{{spacetype|{{{what}}}}}}|Maqaalkan}}}} '''waxaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahan yahay in la nadiifiyo''' sababtoo ah {{#if:{{{1|}}}|maqaalka{{#if:{{{2|}}}|maqaallada}} {{Pagelist|nspace={{{nspace|}}}|delim=''|{{{1|(xiriiriye)}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}}|maqaal kale}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|waxaa|wuxuu}} lagu '''[[WP:Merging|daray]]''' gudaha. {{#if:{{{reason|}}} |Dhibaatada gaarka ah waa: '''{{Terminate sentence|{{{reason}}}}}''' |}} {{#if:{{{date<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|'' ({{#time:F Y|{{{date<includeonly>|</includeonly><noinclude>|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}</noinclude>}}}}})''}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Qaybaha ku dar bogga-hoosaadka /doc; xiriiriyeyaasha interwiki-ga ku dhig Wikidata, mahadsanid! --> [[Category:Cleanup templates]] [[Category:Merge templates]] </noinclude> dnd47wfozjb8147p2td1taq6smixvru 309511 309510 2026-09-24T17:38:55Z Isma4l 41797 309511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox | small = {{{small|}}} | name = Cleanup merge | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = move | image = [[Image:Mergefrom.svg|50x40px|alt=|link=]] | text = {{#if:{{{section|{{{21|}}}}}}|Qaybtan|{{#if:{{{spacetype|{{{what|}}}}}}|{{{spacetype|{{{what}}}}}}|Maqaalkan}}}} '''waxaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahan yahay in la nadiifiyo''' sababtoo ah {{#if:{{{1|}}}|maqaalka{{#if:{{{2|}}}|maqaallada}} {{Pagelist|nspace={{{nspace|}}}|delim=''|{{{1|(xiriiriye)}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}}}|maqaal kale}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|waxaa|wuxuu}} lagu '''[[WP:Merging|daray]]''' gudaha. {{#if:{{{reason|}}} |Dhibaatada gaarka ah waa: '''{{Terminate sentence|{{{reason}}}}}''' |}} {{#if:{{{date<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|'' ({{#iferror:{{#time:F Y|{{{date<includeonly>|</includeonly><noinclude>|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}</noinclude>}}}}}}|{{{date<includeonly>|</includeonly><noinclude>|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}</noinclude>}}}}})''}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Qaybaha ku dar bogga-hoosaadka /doc; xiriiriyeyaasha interwiki-ga ku dhig Wikidata, mahadsanid! --> [[Category:Cleanup templates]] [[Category:Merge templates]] </noinclude> p40mxhsve3swbgzbq40wxez5qqeqrbk 10 53195 309512 2026-09-24T17:39:57Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{check talk wp}}{{tmbox | name = merged-to | small = {{{small|}}} | image = [[File:Merge-arrow.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] | type = move | text = Nuxurkii bogga {{no redirect|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}} waxaa [[Wikipedia:Merging|loo daray]] [[{{{1|{{{to}}}}}}]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|{{{date|}}}}}}|&#32;taariikhdu markay ahayd {{{2|{{{date}}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Redirect|main|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}|{{{1|{{{to|}}}}}}|,&#32;waxuuna hadda u sii jeediyaa halkaas}}<!-- -->. Taariikhda wax ku... 309512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{check talk wp}}{{tmbox | name = merged-to | small = {{{small|}}} | image = [[File:Merge-arrow.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] | type = move | text = Nuxurkii bogga {{no redirect|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}} waxaa [[Wikipedia:Merging|loo daray]] [[{{{1|{{{to}}}}}}]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|{{{date|}}}}}}|&#32;taariikhdu markay ahayd {{{2|{{{date}}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Redirect|main|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}|{{{1|{{{to|}}}}}}|,&#32;waxuuna hadda u sii jeediyaa halkaas}}<!-- -->. Taariikhda wax ku biirinta iyo nuqulladii hore ee maqaalka la midabay, fadlan ka eeg [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} taariikhdiisa]. }}<noinclude>{{doc}} </noinclude> ttxornd80avtj38fm3sba98d7lbfk3m 309513 309512 2026-09-24T17:40:20Z Isma4l 41797 309513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{check talk wp}}{{tmbox | name = merged-to | small = {{{small|}}} | image = [[File:Merge-arrow.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] | type = move | text = Nuxurkii bogga {{no redirect|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}} waxaa [[Wikipedia:Merging|lagu daray]] [[{{{1|{{{to}}}}}}]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|{{{date|}}}}}}|&#32;taariikhdu markay ahayd {{{2|{{{date}}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Redirect|main|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}|{{{1|{{{to|}}}}}}|,&#32;waxuuna hadda u sii jeediyaa halkaas}}<!-- -->. Taariikhda wax ku biirinta iyo nuqulladii hore ee maqaalka la midabay, fadlan ka eeg [{{fullurl:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|action=history}} taariikhdiisa]. }}<noinclude>{{doc}} </noinclude> k7jwser733hbtmtsgtabv3g239d5lhz 10 53196 309514 2026-09-24T17:41:48Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <onlyinclude>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Very long}} begin-->{{Ambox | name = {{{name|Very long}}} | subst = <includeonly>{{{subst|{{subst:substcheck}}}}}</includeonly> | type = style | class = ambox-very_long | issue = {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|left||Kan {{{1|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|bogga|maqaalka}}}}} '''waxaa laga yaabaa inuu aad u [[Wikipedia:Article size|dheer yahay]] oo ay adag tahay in si raaxo leh loo akhriyo loona dhex madoo... 309514 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Very long}} begin-->{{Ambox | name = {{{name|Very long}}} | subst = <includeonly>{{{subst|{{subst:substcheck}}}}}</includeonly> | type = style | class = ambox-very_long | issue = {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|left||Kan {{{1|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|bogga|maqaalka}}}}} '''waxaa laga yaabaa inuu aad u [[Wikipedia:Article size|dheer yahay]] oo ay adag tahay in si raaxo leh loo akhriyo loona dhex madoobaado'''. {{#if: {{{reason|}}} | Dhibaatada gaarka ah waa: '''{{Terminate sentence|{{{reason}}}}}'''}} {{#if: {{{words|}}} | Markii astaantan la daray, cabbirkiisa [[WP:SIZERULE|akhriska sheekada (prose size)]] wuxuu ahaa {{{words}}} eray.}}}} | fix = {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|left||{{{fix|Tixgeli {{#if:{{{nosplit|}}}||in nuxurka loo [[Wikipedia:Splitting|kala qaybiyo]] maqaallo hoosaad,}} in la [[Wikipedia:Summary style|koobo]]{{#if:{{{nosplit|}}}||,}} ama in la daro [[Help:Section#Subsections|hoos-cinwaanno]].}}}{{#if:{{{fix|}}}|{{#switch:{{str rightc|{{{fix}}}|1}}|.|!|?=|#default=.}}}} Fadlan arrintan kaga wadahadal bogga [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|wadahadalka]] maqaalka.​​​​}} | date = {{{date|}}} | small = {{{small|}}} | smalltext = Qeybtani waa mid [[Wikipedia:Article size|aad u dheer]]. Tixgeli {{#if:{{{nosplit|}}}||in loo qaybiyo bogag cusub,}} in la daro [[Help:Section#Subsections|hoos-cinwaanno]]{{#if:{{{nosplit|}}}||,}} ama in la [[Wikipedia:Summary style|koobo]]. | cat = Maqaallada laga yaabo inay aad u dheereeyaan | all = Dhammaan maqaallada laga yaabo inay aad u dheereeyaan }}<!--{{Very long}} end--> }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Very long with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Very long]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| | 1 | date | fix | name | nosplit | reason | small | subst | words }}</onlyinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! --> 7vzes3gu897hm2317rgugchyrcjuwn2 10 53197 309515 2026-09-24T17:42:47Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{check talk |nocat={{{nocat|}}} }}{{#invoke:Copied|main|from1={{{from|{{{from1|{{{1}}}}}}}}}|date1={{{date|{{{date1|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}|to={{{to|{{{to1|{{{target|}}}}}}}}}|small={{{small|}}}|mergedFrom=yes}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{check talk |nocat={{{nocat|}}} }}{{#invoke:Copied|main|from1={{{from|{{{from1|{{{1}}}}}}}}}|date1={{{date|{{{date1|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}|to={{{to|{{{to1|{{{target|}}}}}}}}}|small={{{small|}}}|mergedFrom=yes}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 47iz7xb4q81ieybxo26pc98yl4z9j80 10 53198 309517 2026-09-24T17:45:51Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{category handler | talk = <!--Haku soosaarin bogagga wadahadalka--> | template = <!--Haku soosaarinanka shabakadaha/teemplates--> | other = <strong class="error">''{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User|1|}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|1|}}|Boggan shaqsiga ah|[[Help:Template|Shabakaddan (template)]]}} waa mid meel khaldan taal. Waxay ka tirsan tahay bogga wadahadalka:'' [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}]].</strong>[[Category:Pages with templates in the wrong namespace]] | nocat = {{{n... 309517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{category handler | talk = <!--Haku soosaarin bogagga wadahadalka--> | template = <!--Haku soosaarinanka shabakadaha/teemplates--> | other = <strong class="error">''{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User|1|}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|1|}}|Boggan shaqsiga ah|[[Help:Template|Shabakaddan (template)]]}} waa mid meel khaldan taal. Waxay ka tirsan tahay bogga wadahadalka:'' [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}]].</strong>[[Category:Pages with templates in the wrong namespace]] | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--Si uu "nocat=true" u shaqeeyo--> | category2 = {{{category|¬}}} <!--Si uu "category =" u shaqeeyo--> | page = {{{page|}}} <!--Tijaabinta--> }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> fsgamk1ky3udhzliptqpxecwcd96qxn 10 53199 309518 2026-09-24T17:46:37Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{check talk wp}}</includeonly>{{tmbox |type=notice |small={{{small|}}} |image={{{image|[[Image:Clipboard.svg|40px|alt=icon]]}}} |imagesmall={{{image|[[Image:Clipboard.svg|25px|alt=icon]]}}} |text={{talkspace detect|main=Maqaalkan|template=Shabakaddan|category=Qaybtan|default=Boggan}} waxaa loo [[Wikipedia:Merging|mideeyay]] in la isku daro {{#if:{{{otherpage|}}}|la leh [[{{{otherpage}}}]]&nbsp;}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}|taariikhda markay ahayd {{{date}}}|waqti hore}}. Nati... 309518 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{check talk wp}}</includeonly>{{tmbox |type=notice |small={{{small|}}} |image={{{image|[[Image:Clipboard.svg|40px|alt=icon]]}}} |imagesmall={{{image|[[Image:Clipboard.svg|25px|alt=icon]]}}} |text={{talkspace detect|main=Maqaalkan|template=Shabakaddan|category=Qaybtan|default=Boggan}} waxaa loo [[Wikipedia:Merging|mideeyay]] in la isku daro {{#if:{{{otherpage|}}}|la leh [[{{{otherpage}}}]]&nbsp;}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}|taariikhda markay ahayd {{{date}}}|waqti hore}}. Natiijada ka soo baxday [[{{{discuss|{{#ifeq:{{{talk|+}}}|{{{talk|-}}}|{{{talk}}}|{{oldmergefull/pagesect|page={{TALKPAGENAME}}|sect=Merge proposal}}}}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{discuss|+}}}|{{{discuss|-}}}|'''wadahadalka'''|{{#ifeq:{{{talk|+}}}|{{{talk|-}}}|'''wadahadalka'''|wadahadalka}}}}]] {{#if:{{{URL|{{{url|}}}}}}|([{{{URL|{{{url}}}}}} xiriiriyaha joogtada ah])|}} waxay ahayd {{#if:{{{result|}}}|{{{result}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{merge}}}|yes|'''in la isku daro'''|'''in aan la isku darin'''}}}}. }}<noinclude> <!-- fadlan ha ku darin farta culus (bolding) {{{result}}} halkan: tani waxay jabisaa meelo badan oo hore loogu sii cayimay -->{{documentation}} </noinclude> n56ckxtlpzudgkquy6xkfk5rz4vu1lh 10 53200 309519 2026-09-24T17:47:39Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{{page}}}#{{{sect}}}<noinclude> [[Category:Merge templates]] </noinclude> 309519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{page}}}#{{{sect}}}<noinclude> [[Category:Merge templates]] </noinclude> 7k66oxvgiyslcu1jvx0eekud5ljy5ge 10 53201 309520 2026-09-24T17:48:21Z Isma4l 41797 Bog loo bedeley [[Template:Old merge full/pagesect]] 309520 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Old merge full/pagesect]] pv6xllubf86h0c0skt2l797ktafm526 10 53202 309522 2026-09-24T17:49:02Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Duplication}} begin-->{{Ambox |name = Duplication |subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> |type = style |image = [[File:Duplicate content.svg|50px|alt=icon]] |sect = {{{1|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|section|article}}}}} |small = {{{small|}}} |issue = '''wuxuu [[WP:CFORK|nuqulayaa]] baaxadda {{#switch:sectiontrue|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|sectiontrue}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|section|sectiontrue}}={{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{... 309522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Duplication}} begin-->{{Ambox |name = Duplication |subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> |type = style |image = [[File:Duplicate content.svg|50px|alt=icon]] |sect = {{{1|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|section|article}}}}} |small = {{{small|}}} |issue = '''wuxuu [[WP:CFORK|nuqulayaa]] baaxadda {{#switch:sectiontrue|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|sectiontrue}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|section|sectiontrue}}={{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{othersections|}}}}}|yes|qaybaha|maqaallada}}|maqaallada}}'''{{#if:{{{dupe|}}}|, gaar ahaan [[:{{{dupe}}}]]{{#if:{{{dupe2|}}}|&#32;iyo [[:{{{dupe2}}}]]}}}}. |fix = Fadlan [[{{{discuss|{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}|arrintan ka wadahadal]] oo gacan ka geyso soo gelinta [[Wikipedia:Summary style|hab kooban (summary style)]] ee {{{1|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|qaybtan|maqaalkan}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{small}}}|left||{{#switch:sectiontrue|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|sectiontrue}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|section|sectiontrue}}=&#32;adigoo ku beddelaya qaybta xiriiriye iyo soo koobid ama [[WP:SPLIT|adigoo u kala qaybinaya nuxurka]] maqaal cusub}}}}. |date = {{{date|}}} |all = Duplicate articles }}<!--{{Duplication}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha bog-hoosaadka /doc, interwikisna ku dar Wikidata, halkan ha ku darin --> </noinclude> ltp1qvnnyt6rbilz2k5vp33lb49rh3n 309523 309522 2026-09-24T17:49:31Z Isma4l 41797 309523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Duplication}} begin-->{{Ambox |name = Duplication |subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> |type = style |image = [[File:Duplicate content.svg|50px|alt=icon]] |sect = {{{1|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|section|article}}}}} |small = {{{small|}}} |issue = '''wuxuu [[WP:CFORK|nuqulayaa]] baaxadda {{#switch:sectiontrue|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|sectiontrue}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|section|sectiontrue}}={{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{othersections|}}}}}|yes|qaybaha|maqaallada}}|maqaallada}}'''{{#if:{{{dupe|}}}|, gaar ahaan [[:{{{dupe}}}]]{{#if:{{{dupe2|}}}|&#32;iyo [[:{{{dupe2}}}]]}}}}. |fix = Fadlan [[{{{discuss|{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}|arrintan ka wadahadal]] oo gacan ka geyso soo gelinta [[Wikipedia:Summary style|hab kooban]] ee {{{1|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|qaybtan|maqaalkan}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{small}}}|left||{{#switch:sectiontrue|{{#if:{{{section|}}}|sectiontrue}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|section|sectiontrue}}=&#32;adigoo ku beddelaya qaybta xiriiriye iyo soo koobid ama [[WP:SPLIT|adigoo u kala qaybinaya nuxurka]] maqaal cusub}}}}. |date = {{{date|}}} |all = Duplicate articles }}<!--{{Duplication}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha bog-hoosaadka /doc, interwikisna ku dar Wikidata, halkan ha ku darin --> </noinclude> aw237m2sx5nb4ulqssdb6j7ca5v68eh 10 53203 309537 2026-09-24T18:28:54Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:1 | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}>=101}}={{Error|Error: Unrecognized approval rating. Please use a number between 0 and 100.}} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}>=100}}={{#ifeq: {{Wikidata|property|raw|P31}} | Q11424 | [[List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes|100%]] | 100% }} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ex... 309537 wikitext text/x-wiki On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:1 | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}>=101}}={{Error|Error: Unrecognized approval rating. Please use a number between 0 and 100.}} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}>=100}}={{#ifeq: {{Wikidata|property|raw|P31}} | Q11424 | [[List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes|100%]] | 100% }} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}>1 and {{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}<=99}}={{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}% | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}>=0}}={{#ifeq: {{Wikidata|property|raw|P31}} | Q11424 | [[List of films with a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes|0%]] | 0% }} | #default=<includeonly>{{Error|Error: Unrecognized approval rating. Please use a number between 0 and 100.}}</includeonly> }} of {{{3|{{{count|<noinclude>''count''</noinclude>}}}}}} critics' reviews are positive{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{2|{{{average|<noinclude>yes</noinclude>}}}}}}|, with an average rating of {{{2|{{{average|<noinclude>''rating''</noinclude>}}}}}}/10}}.{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{4|{{{consensus|}}}}}}|&#32;The website's consensus reads: "{{{4|{{{consensus|}}}}}}"}}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{yesno|{{{ref|}}}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{wikidata|property|P1258}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#tag:ref|{{cite web |title=''{{{{{|safesubst:}}}PAGENAMEBASE}}'' |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/{{{{{|safesubst:}}}wikidata|property|P1258}} |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]] |access-date={{{access-date|}}} |archive-url={{{archive-url|}}} |archive-date={{{archive-date|}}} |url-status={{{url-status|}}}}} {{#if:{{wikidata|property|P444}}|{{Edit at Wikidata|qid={{wikidata|label|raw}}|pid=P444}}}}{{cbignore}}|name=Rotten Tomatoes}}}}}}{{safesubst:<noinclude/>ifsubst||<!-- Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{Main other|[[Category:Pages using Rotten Tomatoes prose with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[:Template:Rotten Tomatoes prose]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | score | count | average | consensus | ref | access-date | archive-url | archive-date | url-status }}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}<!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --></noinclude> m8uw3v8imu2wiwn5k5dfkseztpmxxz8 309538 309537 2026-09-24T18:29:24Z Isma4l 41797 309538 wikitext text/x-wiki Bogga [[review aggregator]] ee [[Rotten Tomatoes]], {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:1 | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}>=101}}={{Error|Khalad: Qiimaynta oggolaanshaha oo aan la aqoonsan. Fadlan isticmaal lambar u dhexeeya 0 iyo 100.}} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}>=100}}={{#ifeq: {{Wikidata|property|raw|P31}} | Q11424 | [[List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes|100%]] | 100% }} | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}>1 and {{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}<=99}}={{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}% | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}Trim %|{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}}}>=0}}={{#ifeq: {{Wikidata|property|raw|P31}} | Q11424 | [[List of films with a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes|0%]] | 0% }} | #default=<includeonly>{{Error|Khalad: Qiimaynta oggolaanshaha oo aan la aqoonsan. Fadlan isticmaal lambar u dhexeeya 0 iyo 100.}}</includeonly> }} ka mid ah {{{3|{{{count|<noinclude>''tixraac''</noinclude>}}}}}} dib u eegisyada dhaleeceeyayaasha ayaa ah kuwo togan{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{2|{{{average|<noinclude>haa</noinclude>}}}}}}|, iyadoo celceliska qiimayntiisu yahay {{{2|{{{average|<noinclude>''qiimayn''</noinclude>}}}}}}/10}}.{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{4|{{{consensus|}}}}}}|&#32;Wadajirka shabakadda ayaa qoraya: "{{{4|{{{consensus|}}}}}}"}}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{yesno|{{{ref|}}}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{wikidata|property|P1258}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#tag:ref|{{cite web |title=''{{{{{|safesubst:}}}PAGENAMEBASE}}'' |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/{{{{{|safesubst:}}}wikidata|property|P1258}} |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]] |access-date={{{access-date|}}} |archive-url={{{archive-url|}}} |archive-date={{{archive-date|}}} |url-status={{{url-status|}}}}} {{#if:{{wikidata|property|P444}}|{{Edit at Wikidata|qid={{wikidata|label|raw}}|pid=P444}}}}{{cbignore}}|name=Rotten Tomatoes}}}}}}{{safesubst:<noinclude/>ifsubst||<!-- Qaybaha la raadraaco (Tracking categories) -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{Main other|[[Category:Pages using Rotten Tomatoes prose with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Bogga isticmaalaya [[:Template:Rotten Tomatoes prose]] oo wata halbeeg aan la aqoon "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | score | count | average | consensus | ref | access-date | archive-url | archive-date | url-status }}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}<!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! --></noinclude> bvmddlh6o6nwrxpszda1bepceahdofr 10 53204 309539 2026-09-24T18:30:08Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [[Metacritic]], oo isticmaasha [[Weighted arithmetic mean|celcelis culeys saaran]], waxay siisay {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch: {{{type|}}} | episode = dhacdo | series = taxane | season = xilli | film }} dhibco dhan {{{1|{{{score|}}}}}} oo ka mid ah 100, iyadoo saldhig u ah {{{2|{{{count|}}}}}} dhaleeceeyayaal, taas oo muujineysa dib u eegisyo {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:1 | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}>80 and {{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}<=100}}="ku-tiri-meel-gaar ah oo caal... 309539 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Metacritic]], oo isticmaasha [[Weighted arithmetic mean|celcelis culeys saaran]], waxay siisay {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch: {{{type|}}} | episode = dhacdo | series = taxane | season = xilli | film }} dhibco dhan {{{1|{{{score|}}}}}} oo ka mid ah 100, iyadoo saldhig u ah {{{2|{{{count|}}}}}} dhaleeceeyayaal, taas oo muujineysa dib u eegisyo {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:1 | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}>80 and {{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}<=100}}="ku-tiri-meel-gaar ah oo caalami ah" | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}>60}}="guud ahaan la taageersan yahay" | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}>39}}="isdhexgala ama celcelis" ah | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}>19}}="guud ahaan aan la taageersanayn" | {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1|{{{score|}}}}}}>=0}}="bulsheedka oo gebi ahaanba diiday" | #default=<includeonly>{{Error|Khalad: Metascore aan la aqoonsanin. Fadlan isticmaal lambar u dhexeeya 0 iyo 100.}}</includeonly> }}.{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{yesno|{{{ref|}}}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{wikidata|property|P1712}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#tag:ref|{{cite web |title=''{{{{{|safesubst:}}}PAGENAMEBASE}}'' |url=https://www.metacritic.com/{{{{{|safesubst:}}}wikidata|property|P1712}} |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[Fandom (website)#Fandom, Inc.|Fandom, Inc.]] |access-date={{{access-date|}}} |archive-url={{{archive-url|}}} |archive-date={{{archive-date|}}} |url-status={{{url-status|}}}}}|name=Metacritic}}}}}}{{safesubst:<noinclude/>ifsubst||<!-- Qaybaha la raadraaco (Tracking categories) -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{Main other|[[Category:Pages using Metacritic film prose with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Bogga isticmaalaya [[:Template:Metacritic film prose]] oo wata halbeeg aan la aqoon "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | score | count | ref | access-date | archive-url | archive-date | url-status | type }}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}<!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! --></noinclude> fs6ewridf06tab8np82afktdaole5vn 10 53205 309540 2026-09-24T18:31:51Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>|- {{#if:{{{notes|}}}|{{!}} {{{notes}}} }} |- |}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Game log start/doc}} </noinclude> 309540 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|- {{#if:{{{notes|}}}|{{!}} {{{notes}}} }} |- |}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Game log start/doc}} </noinclude> 08mq31rfx8fzlejj1bovsi5x8a8z8bn 10 53206 309541 2026-09-24T18:32:14Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ .game-log { background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin: 1.5em auto; text-align: center; } 309541 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .game-log { background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin: 1.5em auto; text-align: center; } 8xcz4tk6qu2eslxszdvasdub85j7ivv 10 53207 309542 2026-09-24T18:32:38Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <templatestyles src="Template:Game log start/styles.css" /> {| class="game-log" style="width:{{{width|90%}}}; clear:{{{clear|both}}};" |- {{#if:{{{title|Game log}}}|! style="{{{style|}}}" {{!}} {{{title|Game log}}}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" <noinclude> |} {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309542 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Game log start/styles.css" /> {| class="game-log" style="width:{{{width|90%}}}; clear:{{{clear|both}}};" |- {{#if:{{{title|Game log}}}|! style="{{{style|}}}" {{!}} {{{title|Game log}}}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" <noinclude> |} {{documentation}} </noinclude> 2j1dv0qb8ob7az7jvre8wa06zvgzulg 10 53208 309543 2026-09-24T18:33:08Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>|- |<div class="mw-collapsible {{#switch:{{{hide|}}}|y|yes|1=mw-collapsed}}" style="padding: 4px; text-align: center; font-size: 95%; {{{style|}}}; background: inherit; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #ccf; {{{style|}}}"><div style="margin: 0 4em">{{{title|}}}</div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 100%; text-align:center;"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:... 309543 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|- |<div class="mw-collapsible {{#switch:{{{hide|}}}|y|yes|1=mw-collapsed}}" style="padding: 4px; text-align: center; font-size: 95%; {{{style|}}}; background: inherit; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #ccf; {{{style|}}}"><div style="margin: 0 4em">{{{title|}}}</div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 100%; text-align:center;"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:{{{align|center}}};{{#if:{{{font-size|}}}|font-size:{{{font-size}}};}}" |- {{#if:{{{1|}}}|! {{#if:{{{colspan1|}}}|colspan={{{colspan1}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan1|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan1}}}}} {{#if:{{{width1|}}}|style="width:{{{width1}}}"}} {{!}} {{{1|}}} }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}| !! {{#if:{{{colspan2|}}}|colspan={{{colspan2}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan2|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan2}}}}} {{#if:{{{width2|}}}|style="width:{{{width2}}}"}} {{!}} {{{2}}} }}{{#if:{{{3|}}} | !! {{#if:{{{colspan3|}}}|colspan={{{colspan3}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan3|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan3}}}}} {{#if:{{{width3|}}}|style="width:{{{width3}}}"}} {{!}} {{{3}}} }}{{#if:{{{4|}}} | !! {{#if:{{{colspan4|}}}|colspan={{{colspan4}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan4|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan4}}}}} {{#if:{{{width4|}}}|style="width:{{{width4}}}"}} {{!}} {{{4}}} }}{{#if:{{{5|}}} | !! {{#if:{{{colspan5|}}}|colspan={{{colspan5}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan5|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan5}}}}} {{#if:{{{width5|}}}|style="width:{{{width5}}}"}} {{!}} {{{5}}} }}{{#if:{{{6|}}} | !! {{#if:{{{colspan6|}}}|colspan={{{colspan6}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan6|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan6}}}}} {{#if:{{{width6|}}}|style="width:{{{width6}}}"}} {{!}} {{{6}}} }}{{#if:{{{7|}}} | !! {{#if:{{{colspan7|}}}|colspan={{{colspan7}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan7|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan7}}}}} {{#if:{{{width7|}}}|style="width:{{{width7}}}"}} {{!}} {{{7}}} }}{{#if:{{{8|}}} | !! {{#if:{{{colspan8|}}}|colspan={{{colspan8}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan8|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan8}}}}} {{#if:{{{width8|}}}|style="width:{{{width8}}}"}} {{!}} {{{8}}} }}{{#if:{{{9|}}} | !! {{#if:{{{colspan9|}}}|colspan={{{colspan9}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan9|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan9}}}}} {{#if:{{{width9|}}}|style="width:{{{width9}}}"}} {{!}} {{{9}}} }}{{#if:{{{10|}}}| !! {{#if:{{{colspan10|}}}|colspan={{{colspan10}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan10|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan10}}}}} {{#if:{{{width10|}}}|style="width:{{{width10}}}"}} {{!}} {{{10}}} }}{{#if:{{{11|}}}| !! {{#if:{{{colspan11|}}}|colspan={{{colspan11}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan11|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan11}}}}} {{#if:{{{width11|}}}|style="width:{{{width11}}}"}} {{!}} {{{11}}} }}{{#if:{{{12|}}}| !! {{#if:{{{colspan12|}}}|colspan={{{colspan12}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan12|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan12}}}}} {{#if:{{{width12|}}}|style="width:{{{width12}}}"}} {{!}} {{{12}}} }}{{#if:{{{13|}}}| !! {{#if:{{{colspan13|}}}|colspan={{{colspan13}}}}} {{#if:{{{rowspan13|}}}|rowspan={{{rowspan13}}}}} {{#if:{{{width13|}}}|style="width:{{{width13}}}"}} {{!}} {{{13}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Game log start/doc}} </noinclude> bpmygpzwjgc5b5kpvifs4ajvcoj9bmd 10 53209 309544 2026-09-24T18:33:29Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>|}</div></div> |-</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Game log start/doc}} </noinclude> 309544 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|}</div></div> |-</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Game log start/doc}} </noinclude> 46j9gad44cu1avq1de7qfh4jyyn2k98 10 53210 309546 2026-09-24T18:36:49Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P3538}} | [https://www.fussballdaten.de/person/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P3538}}|sep=,}} }}/ {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at [[fussballdaten.de]] {{in lang|de}}<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P3538|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;Templa... 309546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P3538}} | [https://www.fussballdaten.de/person/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P3538}}|sep=,}} }}/ {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] at [[fussballdaten.de]] {{in lang|de}}<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P3538|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:Fussballdaten|Fussballdaten]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 8mpsqyhkrmf6qou8wlvvmnc94zdjb9o 10 53211 309547 2026-09-24T18:38:42Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Respond|yellowcheck|{{{1|Qayb ahaan waa la sameeyay}}}}}<!--template:partly done--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Respond|yellowcheck|{{{1|Qayb ahaan waa la sameeyay}}}}}<!--template:partly done--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> q6pqdrbw8oqt7rrk7xdd6f3r128fw8s 10 53212 309548 2026-09-24T18:39:43Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse;{{#if:{{{nowrap|}}}|white-space:nowrap}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id={{{id}}}}} |- {{#if:{{{title|}}}|! colspan={{#if:{{{date|}}}|4|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|index|4|3}}}} {{!}} {{{title}}} }}{{#if:{{{caption|}}}|{{!}}+ {{{caption}}} }} |- !{{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{{date-label|Taariikhda}}}!!|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|index|!!|}}}} style="text-align:right; width:{{#if:{{{team-width|}}}|{{{team-width}}}|250px}}"|{{#if:{{{team1|}}}|{{{team1}}}|{{#if:{{{h_a|}}}|... 309548 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse;{{#if:{{{nowrap|}}}|white-space:nowrap}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id={{{id}}}}} |- {{#if:{{{title|}}}|! colspan={{#if:{{{date|}}}|4|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|index|4|3}}}} {{!}} {{{title}}} }}{{#if:{{{caption|}}}|{{!}}+ {{{caption}}} }} |- !{{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{{date-label|Taariikhda}}}!!|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|index|!!|}}}} style="text-align:right; width:{{#if:{{{team-width|}}}|{{{team-width}}}|250px}}"|{{#if:{{{team1|}}}|{{{team1}}}|{{#if:{{{h_a|}}}|Kooxda martigelisay|Kooxda 1}}}} ! style="width:{{#if:{{{score-width|}}}|{{{score-width}}}|80px}}"|&nbsp;Natiijada&nbsp; ! style="text-align:left; width:{{#if:{{{team-width|}}}|{{{team-width}}}|250px}}"|{{#if:{{{team2|}}}|{{{team2}}}|{{#if:{{{h_a|}}}|Kooxda martida ahayd|Kooxda 2}}}} |- <noinclude>|} {{documentation|content={{Template:OneLegResult/doc}}}} </noinclude> ctalygkxy7n2a3uy1b1qe4jew0uaw1u 10 53213 309549 2026-09-24T18:40:17Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <noinclude>{{OneLegStart-plain}}</noinclude>{{#if:{{{nodate|}}}|{{#switch:{{{nodate|}}}|yes={{!}}- style=font-size:90% {{!}}align="right"{{!}}{{{1}}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{2|}}}|{{{var1|}}}}}|}} {{!!}}align="center"{{!}} {{{3}}} {{!!}} {{#if:{{{5|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{5|}}}|{{{var2|}}}}}|}} {{{4}}} {{!!}} {{{6}}}|no={{!}}- {{!}}{{{1}}} {{!}}- style=font-size:90% {{!}}align="right"{{!}}{{{2}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{3|}}}|{{{var1|}}}}}|}} {{!!}}align="center"{{!}} {{{4... 309549 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{OneLegStart-plain}}</noinclude>{{#if:{{{nodate|}}}|{{#switch:{{{nodate|}}}|yes={{!}}- style=font-size:90% {{!}}align="right"{{!}}{{{1}}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{2|}}}|{{{var1|}}}}}|}} {{!!}}align="center"{{!}} {{{3}}} {{!!}} {{#if:{{{5|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{5|}}}|{{{var2|}}}}}|}} {{{4}}} {{!!}} {{{6}}}|no={{!}}- {{!}}{{{1}}} {{!}}- style=font-size:90% {{!}}align="right"{{!}}{{{2}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{3|}}}|{{{var1|}}}}}|}} {{!!}}align="center"{{!}} {{{4}}} {{!!}} {{#if:{{{6|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{6|}}}|{{{var2|}}}}}|}} {{{5}}} {{!!}} {{{7|}}} }}|{{!}}- {{!}}{{{1}}} {{!}}- style=font-size:90% {{!}}align="right"{{!}}{{{2}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{3|}}}|{{{var1|}}}}}|}} {{!!}}align="center"{{!}} {{{4}}} {{!!}} {{#if:{{{6|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{6|}}}|{{{var2|}}}}}|}} {{{5}}} {{!!}} {{{7|}}} }} <noinclude>|} {{documentation}}</noinclude> jh87pj5d6fj4d9yd0ie84o4kbfl276f 10 53214 309550 2026-09-24T18:40:39Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {| style="width:100%;" cellspacing="1" |- !style="text-align:right;width:25%;"|{{{team1|}}} !width=10%| !style="text-align:left;width:25%;"|{{{team2|}}} <noinclude>|} {{documentation|content={{Template:OneLegResult-plain/doc}}}} [[Category:Association football templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 309550 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%;" cellspacing="1" |- !style="text-align:right;width:25%;"|{{{team1|}}} !width=10%| !style="text-align:left;width:25%;"|{{{team2|}}} <noinclude>|} {{documentation|content={{Template:OneLegResult-plain/doc}}}} [[Category:Association football templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> dj2a0gc58zhgtscioqvfocdrzhff3rm 10 53215 309551 2026-09-24T18:41:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <noinclude>{| class="wikitable" </noinclude>|- {{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{!}}{{#if:{{{datespan|}}}|rowspan={{{datespan}}}{{!}}}} {{{date}}}}} |style="text-align: right;{{#ifeq:{{{winner|}}}|1| background-color: #D0F0C0;color:inherit;}}"|{{{1}}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{2|}}}|{{{var1|}}}}}|}} |style="text-align: center; {{#ifeq:{{{winner|}}}|home| background-color: #DFE7FF;color:inherit;}} {{#ifeq:{{{winner|}}}|away| background-color: #FFDFDF;color:inherit;}} {{#ifeq:{{{winner|}}}|d... 309551 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{| class="wikitable" </noinclude>|- {{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{!}}{{#if:{{{datespan|}}}|rowspan={{{datespan}}}{{!}}}} {{{date}}}}} |style="text-align: right;{{#ifeq:{{{winner|}}}|1| background-color: #D0F0C0;color:inherit;}}"|{{{1}}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{2|}}}|{{{var1|}}}}}|}} |style="text-align: center; {{#ifeq:{{{winner|}}}|home| background-color: #DFE7FF;color:inherit;}} {{#ifeq:{{{winner|}}}|away| background-color: #FFDFDF;color:inherit;}} {{#ifeq:{{{winner|}}}|draw| background-color: #FFFFDD;color:inherit;}} "|{{{3}}} |style="text-align: left;{{#ifeq:{{{winner|}}}|2| background-color: #D0F0C0;color:inherit;}}"|{{#if:{{{5|}}}|{{flag icon|{{{5|}}}|{{{var2|}}}}}|}} {{{4}}}<noinclude> |} {{documentation}} </noinclude> b54f6s2paqt0m2xcmly2hx1pr7m1zcl 10 53216 309552 2026-09-24T18:41:33Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>|} |}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Rugby squad player/doc}} [[Category:Rugby union templates]]</noinclude> 309552 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|} |}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Rugby squad player/doc}} [[Category:Rugby union templates]]</noinclude> o1nsyihptplnqlu94par7xgtl4hyir0 10 53217 309553 2026-09-24T18:41:57Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>|}</div></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309553 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|}</div></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> q789yb0ytw7a06zwvf273xz5847qoyl 10 53218 309554 2026-09-24T18:43:40Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: === Qoysaska template-yada soo saara tiirarka=== {{hatnote|Sidoo kale fiiri: [[Help:Advanced table features#Side-by-side columns of tables]]. '''Div-yada toosan''' (ee aan ka mid ahayn template-yada) waxay ka shaqeeyaan kombiyuutarada miiska (desktop). In ka badan hal tiir ayaa ka muuqan doona telefoonnada gacanta sidoo kale haddii tiirarku ay yihiin kuwo aad u cidhiidhi ah.}} '''Template-yada ku qoran liisaskan la isku beddeli maayo'''. Tusaale ahaan, isticmaalka {{tl|col-float}... 309554 wikitext text/x-wiki === Qoysaska template-yada soo saara tiirarka=== {{hatnote|Sidoo kale fiiri: [[Help:Advanced table features#Side-by-side columns of tables]]. '''Div-yada toosan''' (ee aan ka mid ahayn template-yada) waxay ka shaqeeyaan kombiyuutarada miiska (desktop). In ka badan hal tiir ayaa ka muuqan doona telefoonnada gacanta sidoo kale haddii tiirarku ay yihiin kuwo aad u cidhiidhi ah.}} '''Template-yada ku qoran liisaskan la isku beddeli maayo'''. Tusaale ahaan, isticmaalka {{tl|col-float}} oo wata {{tl|col-end}} halkii laga isticmaali lahaa {{tl|col-float-end}} waxay reebi doontaa {{tag|div|link=yes}} furan, taas oo halis gelin karta qaabayn kasta oo dambe. *"'''Responsive/mobile suited'''" waxay tilmaamaysaa in ka badan hal tiir inuu ka muuqan doonno telefoonnada gacanta. Fiiri tijaabooyinka '''[[User:Timeshifter/Sandbox318. Narrow tables in 2 columns|halkan]].''' Qaar ka mid ah template-yada waxay u baahan yihiin in la cusboonaysiiyo si ay uga shaqeeyaan telefoonnada gacanta sidoo kale. Fadlan isticmaal template-yo ku habboon telefoonnada, ama div-yo toosan. Sababta, fiiri '''[[WP:Access]].''' Sidoo kale fiiri '''[[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2026 September 15#Template:Col-begin|wadahadalka.]]''' <section begin="table" /> {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em" |+ Template-yada tiirarka |- style="vertical-align:middle;" ! scope="col" | Nooca ! scope="col" | Qoyska ! scope="col" | La beddelay.<br>[[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2026 September 15#Template:Col-begin|Beddel waqti ka waqti]] ! scope="col" | {{longitem|Ma maamuli karaa koodka<br/> miiska wiki?{{sup|{{dagger}}}}}} ! scope="col" | Responsive/<br/>Ku habboon mobile-ka ! scope="col" | Template-ka billowga ! scope="col" | Qeybiyaha tiirka ! scope="col" | Template-ka dhammaadka |- | rowspan="2" | Sabeyn (Float) | "col-float" | | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{tl|col-float}} | {{tl|col-float-break}} | {{tl|col-float-end}} |- | "columns-start" | | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{tl|columns-start}} | {{tl|column}} | {{tl|columns-end}} |- | rowspan="2" | Tiirarka (Columns) | "div col" | | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{tl|div col}} | halkaas ka isticmaal {{tl|no col break}} | {{tl|div col end}} |- | "columns list" | | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{tl|columns list}} (waxay duudduubtaa div col) | {{sdash}} | {{sdash}} |- | Flexbox | "flex columns" | | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{tl|flex columns}} | {{sdash}} | {{sdash}} |- | Miiska (Table) | "col" | | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{tl|col-begin}}, <br/>{{tl|col-begin-fixed}} ama<br/>{{tl|col-begin-small}} | {{tl|col-break}} ama<br/>{{tl|col-2}} .. {{tl|col-5}} | {{tl|col-end}} |} {{sup|{{dagger}}}} Ma maamuli karaa template-ku calaamadaynta asaasiga ah ee [[Help:Wiki markup|wiki markup]] <code><nowiki>{| | || |- |}</nowiki></code> [[Help:Tables|ee loo isticmaalo abuurista miisaska]]? Haddii kale, template-yo gaar ah oo soo saara walxahan (sida {{tl|(!}}, {{tl|!}}, {{tl|!!}}, {{tl|!-}}, {{tl|!)}}) ama [[HTML element|HTML tags]] ({{tag|table}}, {{tag|tr}}, iwills) ayaa loo baahan yahay in la isticmaalo beddelkeeda.<section end="table" /><noinclude> {{Documentation | content = Waxaa isticmaala bogagga dokumentiga ee template-yada tiirarka si ay u bixiyaan xiriiriyeyaal ku aaddan template-yada kale ee la xiriira tiirarka. [[Category:Multi-column templates| ]] [[Category:Related-topic templates]] }} </noinclude> sexrzwqpskk60keit2dal8znjw6gonj 10 53219 309555 2026-09-24T18:45:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?{{Trim|{{{1|{{{id|{{#if:{{#property:P1233}}|{{#property:P1233}}|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}}}}} {{{2|{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}] at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]]<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P1233|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309555 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?{{Trim|{{{1|{{{id|{{#if:{{#property:P1233}}|{{#property:P1233}}|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}}}}} {{{2|{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}] at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]]<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P1233|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> mrywxiuplf4kwxhvvbor3yb6o3fo8xc 10 53220 309556 2026-09-24T18:45:31Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?{{{1|{{{id|{{#property:P1234}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{2|{{{title|}}}}}}|''{{{2|{{{title}}}}}}''}} {{#if:{{{3|{{{issue|}}}}}}|{{{3|{{{issue}}}}}} }}] publication contents at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309556 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?{{{1|{{{id|{{#property:P1234}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{2|{{{title|}}}}}}|''{{{2|{{{title}}}}}}''}} {{#if:{{{3|{{{issue|}}}}}}|{{{3|{{{issue}}}}}} }}] publication contents at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> f4u0ivmrbxamd6rz2pfe92sqtbswem0 10 53221 309557 2026-09-24T18:45:53Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pe.cgi?{{{1|{{{id|{{#if:{{#property:P1235}}|{{#property:P1235}}|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}}} {{{2|{{{title|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}] series listing at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309557 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pe.cgi?{{{1|{{{id|{{#if:{{#property:P1235}}|{{#property:P1235}}|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}}}}}} {{{2|{{{title|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}] series listing at the [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 13mld8wp7a30mduuw4hodleiu9vud8k 10 53222 309558 2026-09-24T18:47:16Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt{{Trim|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}/episodes{{#ifeq: {{First word|{{PAGENAME}}}} | List || {{#if: {{{year|}}} | ?year={{{year|}}} | {{#if: {{{season|{{Last word|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} | ?season={{{season|{{Last word|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} }} }} }}{{#if: {{{2|{{{title|}}}}}}<!-- -->| ''{{{2|{{{title}}}}}}''<!-- -->| {{#ifeq: {{First word|{{PAGENAME}}}} | List<!-- -->| ''{{PAGENAMEBASE|{{Trim|{{Replace|{{Replace|{{PAGENAME}}|List of||}}|episodes.*||p... 309558 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt{{Trim|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}/episodes{{#ifeq: {{First word|{{PAGENAME}}}} | List || {{#if: {{{year|}}} | ?year={{{year|}}} | {{#if: {{{season|{{Last word|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} | ?season={{{season|{{Last word|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} }} }} }}{{#if: {{{2|{{{title|}}}}}}<!-- -->| ''{{{2|{{{title}}}}}}''<!-- -->| {{#ifeq: {{First word|{{PAGENAME}}}} | List<!-- -->| ''{{PAGENAMEBASE|{{Trim|{{Replace|{{Replace|{{PAGENAME}}|List of||}}|episodes.*||plain=false}}}}}}''<!-- -->| ''{{PAGENAMEBASE|{{Trim|{{Replace|{{Replace|{{PAGENAME}}|series %d*||plain=false}}|season %d*||plain=false}}}}}}''<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}{{#if: {{{3|{{{description|}}}}}} | {{sp}}{{Trim|{{{3|{{{description}}}}}}}} }}] at [[IMDb (identifier)|IMDb]]<!-- Tracking categories -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{Main other|[[Category:Pages using IMDb episodes with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:IMDb episodes]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | 3 | description | id | season | title | year }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1rwpnff709s2ils164ckryca9rgh48r 10 53223 309559 2026-09-24T18:47:59Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{index|{{{1|ERR}}}}}} <!-- *** When changing this, also update the reference in [[Template:Inflation/fn]] and the datasets for [[Template:Inflation]]! *** --> | AR = 2020 | AT = 2018 | AU = 2022 | AU-road = 2018 | BD = 2024 | BE = 2025 | BR = 2020 | CA = 2025 | CH = 2021 | CL = 2024 | CN = 2024 | DE = 2021 | DK = 2022 | EG = 2024 | ES = 2022 | EU = 2023 | FI = 2023 | FR = 2025 | GR = 2025 | HK = 2020 | ID = 2025 | IL = 2021 | IN = 2023 | IR = 1398 | IS... 309559 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{index|{{{1|ERR}}}}}} <!-- *** When changing this, also update the reference in [[Template:Inflation/fn]] and the datasets for [[Template:Inflation]]! *** --> | AR = 2020 | AT = 2018 | AU = 2022 | AU-road = 2018 | BD = 2024 | BE = 2025 | BR = 2020 | CA = 2025 | CH = 2021 | CL = 2024 | CN = 2024 | DE = 2021 | DK = 2022 | EG = 2024 | ES = 2022 | EU = 2023 | FI = 2023 | FR = 2025 | GR = 2025 | HK = 2020 | ID = 2025 | IL = 2021 | IN = 2023 | IR = 1398 | IS = 2025 | IT = 2020 | JP = 2024 | KRW = 2025 | MX = 2025 | NL = 2024 | NO = 2018 | NZ = 2026 | PE = 2017 | PH = 2021 | PK = 2021 | PL = 2021 | PT = 2007 | RU = 2023 | SE = 2023 | SG = 2022 | TEST = 2012 | TH = 2020 | TR = 2024 | TW = 2021 | UK|GBP = 2025 | UKGDP | UK-GDP | UK-CAP = 2024 | US|USD = 2025 | USGDP | US-GDP | US-CAP = 2024 | VN = 2022 | ZAR = 2018 | ERR = <span class="error">Error: no index specified when using {{tl|Inflation/year}}.{{main other|[[Category:Pages with errors in inflation template]]}}</span> |#default = <span class="error">Error: undefined index "{{{index|{{{1}}}}}}" when using {{tl|Inflation/year}}.{{main other|[[Category:Pages with errors in inflation template]]}}</span> }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 2j1ug8kuef5ruya5a8xsl75qqckvgep 309560 309559 2026-09-24T18:49:04Z Isma4l 41797 309560 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{index|{{{1|ERR}}}}}} <!-- *** Markan oo la beddelayo, sidoo kale cusbooneysii tixraaca ku jira [[Template:Inflation/fn]] iyo xogta [[Template:Inflation]]! *** --> | AR = 2020 | AT = 2018 | AU = 2022 | AU-road = 2018 | BD = 2024 | BE = 2025 | BR = 2020 | CA = 2025 | CH = 2021 | CL = 2024 | CN = 2024 | DE = 2021 | DK = 2022 | EG = 2024 | ES = 2022 | EU = 2023 | FI = 2023 | FR = 2025 | GR = 2025 | HK = 2020 | ID = 2025 | IL = 2021 | IN = 2023 | IR = 1398 | IS = 2025 | IT = 2020 | JP = 2024 | KRW = 2025 | MX = 2025 | NL = 2024 | NO = 2018 | NZ = 2026 | PE = 2017 | PH = 2021 | PK = 2021 | PL = 2021 | PT = 2007 | RU = 2023 | SE = 2023 | SG = 2022 | TEST = 2012 | TH = 2020 | TR = 2024 | TW = 2021 | UK|GBP = 2025 | UKGDP | UK-GDP | UK-CAP = 2024 | US|USD = 2025 | USGDP | US-GDP | US-CAP = 2024 | VN = 2022 | ZAR = 2018 | ERR = <span class="error">Khalad: Ma jiro tusmo (index) la cayimay marka la isticmaalayo {{tl|Inflation/year}}.{{main other|[[Category:Pages with errors in inflation template]]}}</span> |#default = <span class="error">Khalad: Tusmada aan la qeexin "{{{index|{{{1}}}}}}" marka la isticmaalayo {{tl|Inflation/year}}.{{main other|[[Category:Pages with errors in inflation template]]}}</span> }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> rb6nud576quh0c7ko4hb4cx5nsj9imf 309561 309560 2026-09-24T18:49:17Z Isma4l 41797 309561 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{index|{{{1|ERR}}}}}} <!-- *** Markan oo la beddelayo, sidoo kale cusbooneysii tixraaca ku jira [[Template:Inflation/fn]] iyo xogta [[Template:Inflation]]! *** --> | AR = 2020 | AT = 2018 | AU = 2022 | AU-road = 2018 | BD = 2024 | BE = 2025 | BR = 2020 | CA = 2025 | CH = 2021 | CL = 2024 | CN = 2024 | DE = 2021 | DK = 2022 | EG = 2024 | ES = 2022 | EU = 2023 | FI = 2023 | FR = 2025 | GR = 2025 | HK = 2020 | ID = 2025 | IL = 2021 | IN = 2023 | IR = 1398 | IS = 2025 | IT = 2020 | JP = 2024 | KRW = 2025 | MX = 2025 | NL = 2024 | NO = 2018 | NZ = 2026 | PE = 2017 | PH = 2021 | PK = 2021 | PL = 2021 | PT = 2007 | RU = 2023 | SE = 2023 | SG = 2022 | TEST = 2012 | TH = 2020 | TR = 2024 | TW = 2021 | UK|GBP = 2025 | UKGDP | UK-GDP | UK-CAP = 2024 | US|USD = 2025 | USGDP | US-GDP | US-CAP = 2024 | VN = 2022 | ZAR = 2018 | ERR = <span class="error">Khalad: Ma jiro tusmo la cayimay marka la isticmaalayo {{tl|Inflation/year}}.{{main other|[[Category:Pages with errors in inflation template]]}}</span> |#default = <span class="error">Khalad: Tusmada aan la qeexin "{{{index|{{{1}}}}}}" marka la isticmaalayo {{tl|Inflation/year}}.{{main other|[[Category:Pages with errors in inflation template]]}}</span> }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ci87hut07zlihlfpfqimu92iw6mrw1l 10 53224 309562 2026-09-24T18:50:29Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [[:{{{1}}}]] ([[{{TALKPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|wadahadalka]]<kbd>|</kbd><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} wax ka beddel]</span><kbd>|</kbd><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=history}} taariikhda]</span><kbd>|</kbd><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{urlencode:{{{1}}}}}}} diiwaanka]</span><kbd>|</kbd>[[Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|xiriiriyeyaasha]]<kbd>|</kbd>{{watch|{{{1}}}}}) ({{#if:{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME:{{{article}}}}}|{{FU... 309562 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:{{{1}}}]] ([[{{TALKPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|wadahadalka]]<kbd>|</kbd><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} wax ka beddel]</span><kbd>|</kbd><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=history}} taariikhda]</span><kbd>|</kbd><span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{urlencode:{{{1}}}}}}} diiwaanka]</span><kbd>|</kbd>[[Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|xiriiriyeyaasha]]<kbd>|</kbd>{{watch|{{{1}}}}}) ({{#if:{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME:{{{article}}}}}|{{FULLPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}||{{{article|}}}}}|[[{{{article}}}|maqaalka]]<kbd>{{!}}</kbd>|{{#if:{{{article revision|}}}|{{oldid2|{{{article revision|}}}|maqaalka}}<kbd>{{!}}</kbd>}}}}{{#if:{{{xfd page|{{{xfd_page|}}}}}}|{{#ifexist:{{{xfd page|{{{xfd_page}}}}}}|[[{{{xfd page|{{{xfd_page}}}}}}|XfD]]<kbd>{{!}}</kbd>}}}}<span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{SCRIPTPATH}}/api.php?action=query&prop=deletedrevisions&titles={{urlencode:{{{1}}}}}&drvprop=timestamp%7Cflags%7Cuser%7Csize%7Ctags&drvslots=*&drvlimit=500 dib-u-eegisyada la tirtiray]</span><span class="sysop-show"><kbd>|</kbd>[[Special:Undelete/{{{1}}}|soo celiso]]</span>)<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> c0eqggwjmcsdrd2jx73i2llo6vo4hbh 10 53225 309563 2026-09-24T18:51:44Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <abbr {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|"|&quot;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</abbr><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309563 wikitext text/x-wiki <abbr {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|"|&quot;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</abbr><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> b6zvtcrye54kh0akzk3y1jq9lxg4lm6 10 53226 309564 2026-09-24T18:52:13Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <dfn {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}{{{class|}}}{{{title|}}}|class="{{#if:{{{2|}}}{{{title|}}}|explain}} {{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{{class}}}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<span title="{{{2}}}">{{{1}}}</span>|{{{1}}}}}</dfn><noinclude> <!--Categories and interwikis go in the /doc subpage.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309564 wikitext text/x-wiki <dfn {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}{{{class|}}}{{{title|}}}|class="{{#if:{{{2|}}}{{{title|}}}|explain}} {{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{{class}}}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<span title="{{{2}}}">{{{1}}}</span>|{{{1}}}}}</dfn><noinclude> <!--Categories and interwikis go in the /doc subpage.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> luvqpiwetgllp79grmkxnuyoyftzgmm 10 53227 309565 2026-09-24T18:53:02Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <code>{{<includeonly>subst:</includeonly>Nowiki|{{{1}}}}}</code><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 309565 wikitext text/x-wiki <code>{{<includeonly>subst:</includeonly>Nowiki|{{{1}}}}}</code><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> g8lp7envoxqo8o6pie1hi6dvcln7912 10 53228 309566 2026-09-24T18:53:48Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <del class="deprecated-content {{{class|}}}" style="color:{{#if:{{{red|}}}|var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000)|var(--color-subtle, #54595d)}}; text-decoration:none; {{#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}|}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"|}} {{#if:{{{title|{{{2|}}}}}}|title="{{{title|{{{2}}}}}}"|}}>{{{1}}}</del><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> 309566 wikitext text/x-wiki <del class="deprecated-content {{{class|}}}" style="color:{{#if:{{{red|}}}|var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000)|var(--color-subtle, #54595d)}}; text-decoration:none; {{#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}|}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"|}} {{#if:{{{title|{{{2|}}}}}}|title="{{{title|{{{2}}}}}}"|}}>{{{1}}}</del><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> rd5dtqx7ijlfoxt4pdt4wknm3rt5jf0 10 53229 309568 2026-09-24T18:55:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <onlyinclude><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 0.1em solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); border-radius:0.2em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.2em 0.2em var(--border-color-disabled, #c8ccd1); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #202122); background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0), var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa), var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0))... 309568 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 0.1em solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); border-radius:0.2em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.2em 0.2em var(--border-color-disabled, #c8ccd1); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #202122); background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0), var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa), var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0)); padding: 0.1em 0.3em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;">{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}} | shift lock = [[Shift Lock|⇪ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | second level lock | 2nd level lock | l2 lock | level 2 lock = ⇫ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | capitals lock | caps lock = [[Caps Lock|⇬ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | numeric lock = ⇭ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | num | num lock = {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} ⇩ | third level lock | 3rd level lock | l3 lock | level 3 lock = ⇯ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | generalized lock | generalised lock | lock | general lock = ⇩ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | group lock = ⇰ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | scrolling | scrolling lock = ⇳ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | scroll | scroll lock = {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} ⇩ | pause = ⎉ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | break = ⎊ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- sleep ☾, hibernate, power ⌽, suspend | sysrq | sysreq | system request = {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} --> <!-- level and group switching, modifiers --> | second level | 2nd level | level 2 select | level 2 selector | level 2 | shift = [[Shift key|⇧ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | alternate graphic | alt graph | alt graphic | alt grill | alt car | alt char | right alt | ralt | alt group | alternate group | altgroup | altgr | alt gr | third level | 3rd level | level 3 select | level 3 selector | level 3 = [[AltGr key|⇮ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | group select | group selector | group = ⇨ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- Enter and Return --> | enter = [[Enter key|⌅ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | return = [[Enter key|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|thin|narrow=↵|thick|hollow=⏎|bend||#default=↩}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | submit | send = ⎆ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- Option and Alt --> | opt | option = [[Option key|⌥ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | alternate | left alt | lalt | alt = [[Alt key|⎇ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- Pre-IBM keys --> | greek = [[Space-cadet keyboard|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | top = [[Space-cadet keyboard|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | front = [[Space-cadet keyboard|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | super = [[Super key (keyboard button)|❖ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | hyper = [[Space-cadet keyboard|✦ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | repeat = [[Space-cadet keyboard|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | code = [[MSX|⌃ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | graph = [[MSX|⎇ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | meta = [[Meta key|◆ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- Laptop keys --> | function | fn = [[Fn key|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- deleting and erasing --> | backwards erase | erase | backspace = [[Backspace|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|⟵|⌫}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | del | delete = [[Delete|⌦ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | ins | insert = {{#if:{{{3|}}}|⎀|⌤}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- ! --> | clear input = ⌧ {{{2|Clear}}} <!-- ! --> <!-- Escape --> | esc | escape = [[Escape key|⎋ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- Control (symbol either ISO ⎈ or Apple ⌃) --> | ctrl | control | helm = [[Control key|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|⎈|⌃}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- Vendor keys, Command (⊞ resembles the Windows logo) --> | os | vendor | cmd | command = [[Command key|⌘ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | windows | win = [[Windows key|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|⊞|⌘}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | apple = [[Command key|⌘ {{{2|}}}]] <!--▤--> | menu = [[Menu key|≣ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- Compose --> | cmp | compose = [[Compose key|⎄ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- arrow cursor movement --> | /\ = ⇡ {{{2|Up}}} | up | up arrow | move up = [[Arrow keys|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|🔼|↑}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | \/ = ⇣ {{{2|Down}}} | down | down arrow | move down = [[Arrow keys|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|🔽|↓}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | <- = ⇠ {{{2|Left}}} | left | left arrow | move left = [[Arrow keys|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|◀|←}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | -> = ⇢ {{{2|Right}}} | right | right arrow | move right = [[Arrow keys|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|▶|→}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | north west | north-west | nw | <\ | top-left | top left = ↖ | south east | south-east | se | \> | bottom-right | bottom right = ↘ | north east | north-east | ne | /> | top-right | top right = ↗ | south west | south-west | sw | </ | bottom-left | bottom left = ↙ <!-- tab --> | tabulator | htab | horizontal tab | horizontal tabulator | tab = [[Tab key|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}} ↹]] | right tab = [[Tab key|{{{2|Tab}}} ⇥]] <!-- ! --> | shift tab | left tab = [[Tab key|⇤ {{{2|Tab}}}]] <!-- ! --> | vertical tab | vertical tabulator = ↨ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!--Home/End--> | pos1 | start | home = [[Home key|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|↖|⇱}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | end = [[End key|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|↘|⇲}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | line start = ⇤ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | line end = ⇥ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | page start | top = ⤒ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | page end | bottom = ⤓ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- paged media --> | page up | pgup | pg up = [[Page Up and Page Down keys|⇞ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | page down | pgdn | pgdown | pg down = [[Page Up and Page Down keys|⇟ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | left page | prev page | prev. page = ⎗ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | previous page = ⎗ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | right page | next page = ⎘ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- screen, note “clear input” ⌧ --> | prtscr | prt scr | prtsc | prt sc | print, print screen = ⎙ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | clrscr | clr scr | cls | clr sc | clear | clear screen = ⎚ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- multimedia control; possible inconsistencies --> | play | playback | start playback | scroll right = ▶ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | play reverse | reverse | scroll left = ◀ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | play/pause | play pause = ⏯ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | pause | pause playback = ‖ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | stop = {{#if:{{{3|}}}|◼|■}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | eject = ⏏ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | record = {{#if:{{{3|}}}|🔴|●}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | fwd | forward = ⏭ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | skip | skip forward = ⏭ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | skip back | skip backward = ⏮ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | backward | backwards | rewind = ⏪ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | ffad | fast forward = ⏩ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | downward | downwards = ⏬ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | skip down | scroll down = 🔽 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | upward | upwards = ⏫ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | skip up | scroll up = 🔼 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | random | randomize | rnd | rand = 🔀 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | repeat | rpt = 🔁 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | repeat once | rpt1 = 🔂 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | reload | refresh = 🔄 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | reception = 📶 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | mute = 🔇 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | volume down | quieter = 🔉 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | volume up | louder = 🔊 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | home | house = ⌂ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- telephones and other telematic devices, also numpad --> | initiator | phone star = ✲ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | terminator | phone hash = ⌗ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | times | multiply | num star = × {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | divide | num slash = ÷ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- spaces → | space | sp | space bar = ␣ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | nbsp | non-breaking space = ⍽ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- problematic characters --> | asterisk | star | * = <nowiki>*</nowiki> | hash | hash sign | pound | pound sign | # = [[Number sign|#]] | colon | : = [[Colon (punctuation)|:]] | pipe symbol | vertical bar | pipe = [[Pipe symbol|{{!}}]] | semicolon = <nowiki>;</nowiki> | equals = <nowiki>=</nowiki> <!-- PlayStation --> | ex = × | circle = ○ | square = □ | triangle = △ <!-- default --> | #default = {{{1}}} }}</kbd></onlyinclude><noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Add categories and interwikis links to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 2cllc66gzk7s5dy47lba6pz3lf2ik2y 10 53230 309569 2026-09-24T18:56:28Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base,#202122); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309569 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base,#202122); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> c861x2mzlzbr96qayvzy9wjjxvkz9j8 10 53231 309570 2026-09-24T18:56:51Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <samp {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:{{{color|var( --color-subtle, #666666)}}}; {{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</samp><noinclude> <!--Categories go near the bottom of the /doc page.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309570 wikitext text/x-wiki <samp {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:{{{color|var( --color-subtle, #666666)}}}; {{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</samp><noinclude> <!--Categories go near the bottom of the /doc page.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> bk2epl5bywmhxs0zyzk3rztfqpcqcb4 10 53232 309571 2026-09-24T18:57:14Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <code class="tpl-precode" style="white-space:pre;{{{style|}}}">{{{1|text}}}</code><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> 309571 wikitext text/x-wiki <code class="tpl-precode" style="white-space:pre;{{{style|}}}">{{{1|text}}}</code><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> gtycn1dc0bu4n1v8073f016mu25jlqm 309572 309571 2026-09-24T18:57:27Z Isma4l 41797 309572 wikitext text/x-wiki <code class="tpl-precode" style="white-space:pre;{{{style|}}}">{{{1|qoraal}}}</code><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> juj30rf6d2ctihgnxnio6rkbeteypry 10 53233 309573 2026-09-24T18:58:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly><kbd>{{subst:nowiki|{{{1}}}}}</kbd></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309573 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><kbd>{{subst:nowiki|{{{1}}}}}</kbd></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 17bc595s07yxs2opq5m8s6w0bjo9trp 10 53234 309574 2026-09-24T18:59:09Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>ifsubst|1=|2=<templatestyles src="Var serif/styles.css" />}}<var class="var-serif {{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{{class}}}}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</var><noinclude> <!--Categories and interwikis go near the bottom of the /doc page.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>ifsubst|1=|2=<templatestyles src="Var serif/styles.css" />}}<var class="var-serif {{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{{class}}}}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</var><noinclude> <!--Categories and interwikis go near the bottom of the /doc page.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 632i4eaim2zpikgw3vq4imenqo9jaoc 10 53235 309575 2026-09-24T18:59:36Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: .var-serif { font-family: "Nimbus Roman No9 L", "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 118%; line-height: 1; } 309575 sanitized-css text/css .var-serif { font-family: "Nimbus Roman No9 L", "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 118%; line-height: 1; } aqc7lyaz7qb68i3g47ze02v6ak9wg5b 10 53236 309576 2026-09-24T19:00:07Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{plain|}}}{{{mxt|}}}{{{green|}}}{{{!mxt|}}}{{{red|}}}{{{color|}}} | <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{plain|}}} | border: none; background-color: inherit; }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{color|}}} | color: {{{color}}}; | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{mxt|}}}{{{green|}}} | color: #006400; | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{!mxt|}}}{{{red|}}} | color: #8B0000; | color: inherit... 309576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{plain|}}}{{{mxt|}}}{{{green|}}}{{{!mxt|}}}{{{red|}}}{{{color|}}} | <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{plain|}}} | border: none; background-color: inherit; }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{color|}}} | color: {{{color}}}; | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{mxt|}}}{{{green|}}} | color: #006400; | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{!mxt|}}}{{{red|}}} | color: #8B0000; | color: inherit; }} }} }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}}}">&#124;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | {{{1}}}&#61; }}{{{2|}}}</code> | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline style="display: none;" /><!-- required to fetch syntaxhighlight's css --><code class="mw-highlight"><span class="p">&#124;</span>{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | <span class="nl">{{{1}}}</span><span class="o">=</span> }}{{{2|}}}</code> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Categories go near the bottom of the /doc subpage – interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> n9iqo9v0cpnffgle7c8palq6k3n5yle 10 53237 309577 2026-09-24T19:00:34Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />Yesno|{{{nested|no}}}}}|yes||<{{{tag|code}}}>}}&#123;&#123;&#123;{{{1<noinclude>|foo</noinclude>}}}{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{2}}}|{{{2|}}} |&#124;}}{{{2|}}}&#125;&#125;&#125;{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />Yesno|{{{nested|no}}}}}|yes||</{{{tag|code}}}>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 309577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />Yesno|{{{nested|no}}}}}|yes||<{{{tag|code}}}>}}&#123;&#123;&#123;{{{1<noinclude>|foo</noinclude>}}}{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{2}}}|{{{2|}}} |&#124;}}{{{2|}}}&#125;&#125;&#125;{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />Yesno|{{{nested|no}}}}}|yes||</{{{tag|code}}}>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> k2oxzdhjfcbt88hy90njp6u20ucxx42 10 53238 309578 2026-09-24T19:01:10Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309578 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 8k22bfpb1fumx1hoy2fvyn75gfrondy 10 53240 309589 2026-09-25T02:43:43Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: |- | style="background:#dddddd; color:black; border-bottom: 2px solid #aaaaaa;" colspan="{{ #if:{{{hiddencols|}}}|{{ #expr: 9-{{{hiddencols|}}} }}|9 }}" align="center" | '''{{{name|}}} ''' {{#ifeq:{{{conference|}}} | no | | ''({{{conference}}})''}} <small>({{{startyear}}}{{#if:{{{endyear|}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{endyear|}}} | single | | –{{{endyear|}}} }} | –present}})</small> <noinclude>{{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> Category:Amer... 309589 wikitext text/x-wiki |- | style="background:#dddddd; color:black; border-bottom: 2px solid #aaaaaa;" colspan="{{ #if:{{{hiddencols|}}}|{{ #expr: 9-{{{hiddencols|}}} }}|9 }}" align="center" | '''{{{name|}}} ''' {{#ifeq:{{{conference|}}} | no | | ''({{{conference}}})''}} <small>({{{startyear}}}{{#if:{{{endyear|}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{endyear|}}} | single | | –{{{endyear|}}} }} | –present}})</small> <noinclude>{{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> [[Category:American college basketball templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> a9dmeytury5kbbxfhk1s0r87qhlzf9x 10 53241 309590 2026-09-25T02:44:38Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {| class="wikitable {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|mw-collapsible mw-collapsed}}" style="font-size:95%; {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|min-width:50em}}" {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|! colspan=6 {{!}} {{{title|Diiwaanka xilliga}}} }} |+ {{Screen reader-only|Miiska diiwaanka}} |- ! Xilliga ! {{ #ifeq: {{{type|}}} | team | Tababaraha | Kooxda }} ! Guud ahaan {{#if: {{{conference|}}} || ! Shirka ! Kaalinta }} {{#if: {{{postseason|}}} || ! Ciyaaraha ka dambeeya xilliga}}<noinclude> |} {{documentation}}<!-... 309590 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|mw-collapsible mw-collapsed}}" style="font-size:95%; {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|min-width:50em}}" {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|! colspan=6 {{!}} {{{title|Diiwaanka xilliga}}} }} |+ {{Screen reader-only|Miiska diiwaanka}} |- ! Xilliga ! {{ #ifeq: {{{type|}}} | team | Tababaraha | Kooxda }} ! Guud ahaan {{#if: {{{conference|}}} || ! Shirka ! Kaalinta }} {{#if: {{{postseason|}}} || ! Ciyaaraha ka dambeeya xilliga}}<noinclude> |} {{documentation}}<!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> 6r3r3ngy2in1d77a7g2i1pmvpwyi41s 10 53242 309591 2026-09-25T02:45:14Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: |- {{#if:{{{bg_color|}}}|style="background:{{{bg_color|}}}" |{{#switch: {{{championship|}}} | national = style="background:#ffbf2f" | postseason = style ="background:#e0b0ff" | conference = style="background:#ffdd99" | conference tournament = style="background:#ffff99" | confboth = style="background:#d9a53d" | division = style="background:#bbffff" | divboth = style="background:#6699CC" }}{{#switch:{{{rivalrygame|}}} | yes = style="background:... 309591 wikitext text/x-wiki |- {{#if:{{{bg_color|}}}|style="background:{{{bg_color|}}}" |{{#switch: {{{championship|}}} | national = style="background:#ffbf2f" | postseason = style ="background:#e0b0ff" | conference = style="background:#ffdd99" | conference tournament = style="background:#ffff99" | confboth = style="background:#d9a53d" | division = style="background:#bbffff" | divboth = style="background:#6699CC" }}{{#switch:{{{rivalrygame|}}} | yes = style="background:{{{wincolor}}}" }} }} | {{{season}}} {{#switch:{{{rivalrygame|}}} | yes = {{!}} {{ #ifeq: {{{winner|}}} | home | '''{{{hometeam}}}''' | {{{hometeam}}} }} {{ #if: {{{homeranking|}}} | <small>(#{{{homeranking}}})</small> }}{{ #if: {{{homecoach|}}} | <br /><small>{{{homecoach}}}</small> }} {{!}} {{ #ifeq: {{{winner|}}} | home | '''{{{homescore}}}''' | {{{homescore}}} }} {{!}} {{ #ifeq: {{{winner|}}} | away | '''{{{awayteam}}}''' | {{{awayteam}}} }} {{ #if: {{{awayranking|}}} | <small>(#{{{awayranking}}})</small> }}{{ #if: {{{awaycoach|}}} | <br /><small>{{{awaycoach}}}</small> }} {{!}} {{ #ifeq: {{{winner|}}} | away | '''{{{awayscore}}}''' | {{{awayscore}}} }} {{!}} {{{location}}} | #default = {{ #ifeq: {{{name|}}} | no | | {{!}} {{{name}}} }} {{!}} {{{overall}}} {{ #ifeq: {{{conference|}}} | no | | {{!}}{{!}} {{{conference}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{ #if: {{{confstanding|}}} | {{{confstanding}}} }} }} {{ #ifeq: {{{bowloutcome|}}} | no | | {{!}}{{!}} {{ #if: {{{postseason|}}} | {{{postseason}}} }} }} }} <noinclude>{{documentation}}<!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! -->[[Category:American college basketball templates|CBB Yearly Record Entry]]</noinclude> kgjy8al70jdl2rvplv7byrr9bzgxh7e 10 53243 309592 2026-09-25T02:45:41Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: |- style="background:#fafafa; border-top: 2px solid #aaaaaa;" | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''{{{name}}}:''' | {{{overall}}} {{ #ifeq: {{{confrecord|}}} | no | | {{!}}{{!}} {{{confrecord|}}} }} {{ #ifeq: {{{hiddencols|}}} | no | | {{!}}{{!}} colspan="{{ #if:{{{hiddencols|}}} | {{ #expr: 5-{{{hiddencols|}}} }} | 5 }}" {{!}} }} <noinclude>{{documentation}}[[Category:American college basketball templates]]</noinclude> 309592 wikitext text/x-wiki |- style="background:#fafafa; border-top: 2px solid #aaaaaa;" | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''{{{name}}}:''' | {{{overall}}} {{ #ifeq: {{{confrecord|}}} | no | | {{!}}{{!}} {{{confrecord|}}} }} {{ #ifeq: {{{hiddencols|}}} | no | | {{!}}{{!}} colspan="{{ #if:{{{hiddencols|}}} | {{ #expr: 5-{{{hiddencols|}}} }} | 5 }}" {{!}} }} <noinclude>{{documentation}}[[Category:American college basketball templates]]</noinclude> j10uzg3zv9k39xrak4fxtqapr8t30ds 10 53244 309593 2026-09-25T02:46:19Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: |- style="background:#dddddd" {{ #ifeq: {{{rivalrygame|}}} | yes | {{!}} colspan="3" style="text-align:center" {{!}} '''Current series:''' {{!}}{{!}} colspan="3" style="text-align:center" {{!}} {{{overall}}} | {{!}} colspan="2" style="text-align:center" {{!}} '''Total:''' {{!}}{{!}} {{{overall}}} {{!}}{{!}}{{#if:{{{conference|}}} | {{{conference}}} {{ #ifeq: {{{hiddencols|}}} | no | | {{!}}{{!}} colspan="{{ #if:{{{hiddencols|}}} | {{ #expr: 7-{{{hiddencols|}}} }} | 7 }}" {{!... 309593 wikitext text/x-wiki |- style="background:#dddddd" {{ #ifeq: {{{rivalrygame|}}} | yes | {{!}} colspan="3" style="text-align:center" {{!}} '''Current series:''' {{!}}{{!}} colspan="3" style="text-align:center" {{!}} {{{overall}}} | {{!}} colspan="2" style="text-align:center" {{!}} '''Total:''' {{!}}{{!}} {{{overall}}} {{!}}{{!}}{{#if:{{{conference|}}} | {{{conference}}} {{ #ifeq: {{{hiddencols|}}} | no | | {{!}}{{!}} colspan="{{ #if:{{{hiddencols|}}} | {{ #expr: 7-{{{hiddencols|}}} }} | 7 }}" {{!}} }} | {{ #ifeq: {{{hiddencols|}}} | no | | colspan="{{ #if:{{{hiddencols|}}} | {{ #expr: 7-{{{hiddencols|}}} }} | 7 }}" {{!}} }} }} {{ #ifeq: {{{legend|}}} | no | | {{CBB yearly record end/legend | cbb_c1={{{cbb_c1|}}} | cbb_c2={{{cbb_c2|}}} | cbb_c3={{{cbb_c3|}}} | cbb_c4={{{cbb_c4|}}} }} }} }} |}<noinclude>[[Category:American college basketball templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}{{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> i860ixkkegxwdjyw6l1pahgnrdme3ba 10 53245 309594 2026-09-25T05:10:28Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: |- align="left" | colspan="9" | <span style="background-color:{{#if:{{{cbb_c1|}}}|{{{cbb_c1|}}}|#ffbf2f}}; width:50px; border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><small>&nbsp;Horyaalka qaranka&nbsp;&nbsp;</small> <span style="background-color:{{#if:{{{cbb_c1|}}}|{{{cbb_c1|}}}|#e0b0ff}}; width:50px; border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><small>&nbsp;Horyaalka martiqaadka ee ka dambeeya xilliga&nbsp;&nbsp;</small> <br> <span style="back... 309594 wikitext text/x-wiki |- align="left" | colspan="9" | <span style="background-color:{{#if:{{{cbb_c1|}}}|{{{cbb_c1|}}}|#ffbf2f}}; width:50px; border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><small>&nbsp;Horyaalka qaranka&nbsp;&nbsp;</small> <span style="background-color:{{#if:{{{cbb_c1|}}}|{{{cbb_c1|}}}|#e0b0ff}}; width:50px; border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><small>&nbsp;Horyaalka martiqaadka ee ka dambeeya xilliga&nbsp;&nbsp;</small> <br> <span style="background-color:{{#if:{{{cbb_c2|}}}|{{{cbb_c2|}}}|#ffdd99}}; width:50px; border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><small>&nbsp;Horyaalka xilli-ciyaareedka caadiga ah ee shirka&nbsp;&nbsp; </small> <span style="background-color:{{#if:{{{cbb_c4|}}}|{{{cbb_c4|}}}|#d9a53d}}; width:20px; border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><small>&nbsp;Horyaalka xilli-ciyaareedka caadiga ah iyo horyaalka tartanka shirka</small> <br> <span style="background-color:{{#if:{{{cbb_c5|}}}|{{{cbb_c5|}}}|#bbffff}}; width:20px; border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><small>&nbsp;Horyaalka xilli-ciyaareedka caadiga ah ee qaybta (division)</small> <span style="background-color:{{#if:{{{cbb_c4|}}}|{{{cbb_c4|}}}|#6699CC}}; width:20px; border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><small>&nbsp;Horyaalka xilli-ciyaareedka caadiga ah ee qaybta iyo horyaalka tartanka shirka</small> <br> <span style="background-color:{{#if:{{{cbb_c3|}}}|{{{cbb_c3|}}}|#ffff99}}; width:20px; border:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><small>&nbsp;Horyaalka tartanka shirka</small> <noinclude>[[Category:American college basketball templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> cbbq5ded8tepkcn2os5am3rj0f5eern 10 53246 309596 2026-09-25T05:36:43Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%" ! Xilliga ! {{ #ifeq: {{{type|}}} | team | Tababaraha | Kooxda }} ! Guud ahaan {{#if: {{{conference|}}} || ! Shirka ! Kaalinta}} {{#if: {{{postseason|}}} || ! Ciyaaraha ka dambeeya xilliga}} {{#if: {{{Coachespoll|}}} || ! Codeynta tababarayaasha}} {{#if: {{{APpoll|}}} || ! Codeynta AP}}<noinclude> [[Category:American college basketball templates]] |} {{documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha k... 309596 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%" ! Xilliga ! {{ #ifeq: {{{type|}}} | team | Tababaraha | Kooxda }} ! Guud ahaan {{#if: {{{conference|}}} || ! Shirka ! Kaalinta}} {{#if: {{{postseason|}}} || ! Ciyaaraha ka dambeeya xilliga}} {{#if: {{{Coachespoll|}}} || ! Codeynta tababarayaasha}} {{#if: {{{APpoll|}}} || ! Codeynta AP}}<noinclude> [[Category:American college basketball templates]] |} {{documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> 0jctk2qq14aur7ds7pcpblbwy6pdnvp 10 53247 309598 2026-09-25T05:38:31Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: |- {{#if:{{{bg_color|}}}|style="background:{{{bg_color|}}}" |{{#switch: {{{championship|}}} | national = style="background:#ffbf2f" | postseason = style ="background:#e0b0ff" | conference = style="background:#ffdd99" | conference tournament = style="background:#ffff99" | confboth = style="background:#d9a53d" | division = style="background:#bbffff" | divboth = style="background:#c0c0c0" }}{{#switch:{{{rivalrygame|}}} | yes = style="background:... 309598 wikitext text/x-wiki |- {{#if:{{{bg_color|}}}|style="background:{{{bg_color|}}}" |{{#switch: {{{championship|}}} | national = style="background:#ffbf2f" | postseason = style ="background:#e0b0ff" | conference = style="background:#ffdd99" | conference tournament = style="background:#ffff99" | confboth = style="background:#d9a53d" | division = style="background:#bbffff" | divboth = style="background:#c0c0c0" }}{{#switch:{{{rivalrygame|}}} | yes = style="background:{{{wincolor}}}" }} }} | {{{season}}} {{#switch:{{{rivalrygame|}}} | yes = {{!}} {{ #ifeq: {{{winner|}}} | home | '''{{{hometeam}}}''' | {{{hometeam}}} }} {{ #if: {{{homeranking|}}} | <small>(#{{{homeranking}}})</small> }}{{ #if: {{{homecoach|}}} | <br /><small>{{{homecoach}}}</small> }} {{!}} {{ #ifeq: {{{winner|}}} | home | '''{{{homescore}}}''' | {{{homescore}}} }} {{!}} {{ #ifeq: {{{winner|}}} | away | '''{{{awayteam}}}''' | {{{awayteam}}} }} {{ #if: {{{awayranking|}}} | <small>(#{{{awayranking}}})</small> }}{{ #if: {{{awaycoach|}}} | <br /><small>{{{awaycoach}}}</small> }} {{!}} {{ #ifeq: {{{winner|}}} | away | '''{{{awayscore}}}''' | {{{awayscore}}} }} {{!}} {{{location}}} | #default = {{ #ifeq: {{{name|}}} | no | | {{!}} {{{name}}} }} {{!}} {{{overall}}} {{ #ifeq: {{{conference|}}} | no | | {{!}}{{!}} {{{conference}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{ #if: {{{confstanding|}}} | {{{confstanding}}} }} }} {{ #ifeq: {{{bowloutcome|}}} | no | | {{!}}{{!}} {{ #if: {{{postseason|}}} | {{{postseason}}} }} }}{{!}}{{!}} {{ #if: {{{APpoll|}}} | {{{APpoll}}} }} }}{{!}}{{!}} {{ #if: {{{Coachespoll|}}} | {{{Coachespoll}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}<!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! -->[[Category:American college basketball templates|CBB Yearly Record Entry]]</noinclude> tjnvdyemv6gbrk0pkslxzlgzfxpqpdl 10 53248 309599 2026-09-25T05:40:09Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9={{{1}}} {{{1}}}]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9={{{1}}} {{{1}}}]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> g7ady356idzh51im46zluwosa808zk5 10 53249 309600 2026-09-25T05:40:51Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <noinclude>{{Short description|Wuxuu soo bandhigayaa xog caafimaad oo muhiim ah oo aan khusayn akhristaha guud}}</noinclude>{{navbox | bodystyle=width:100%; 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| {{#if: {{{MedlinePlus|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | '''[[MedlinePlus]]''': [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/{{{MedlinePlus}}}.htm {{{MedlinePlus}}}] }} | {{#if: {{{eMedicineSubj|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | {{#if: {{{eMedicineTopic|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | '''[[eMedicine]]''': [https://emedicine.medscape.com/{{{eMedicineSubj}}}/{{{eMedicineTopic}}}-overview {{{eMedicineSubj}}}/{{{eMedicineTopic}}}] {{{eMedicine_mult|}}} }} }} | {{#if:{{wdib|ps=1|qid={{{QID|}}}|P1461|{{{PatientUK|}}}}} | '''[[Patient UK]]''': [https://patient.info/doctor/{{wdib|ps=1|qid={{{QID|}}}|P1461|{{{PatientUK|}}}}} {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}] }} | {{#if:{{wdib|ps=1|qid={{{QID|}}}|P1395|{{{NCI|}}}}} | '''[[National Cancer Institute|NCI]]''': [https://www.cancer.gov/{{wdib|ps=1|qid={{{QID|}}}|P1395|{{{NCI|}}}}} {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}] }} | {{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}}{{{GeneReviewsNBK1|}}} | '''[[GeneReviews]]''': {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK|{{{GeneReviewsNBK1}}}}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName|{{{GeneReviewsName1|}}}}}}}}|{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsID|}}}| [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/gene/{{{GeneReviewsID}}}/ {{#if: {{{GeneReviewsName|}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName}}}|{{{GeneReviewsID}}}}}]}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK2|}}}| {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK2}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName2|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK3|}}}| {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK3}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName3|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK4|}}}| {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK4}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName4|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK5|}}}| {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK5}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName5|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK6|}}}| {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK6}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName6|}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{GeneReviewsNBK7|}}}| {{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK7}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName7|}}}}}}} | {{#if: {{{NORD|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | '''[[National Organization for Rare Disorders|NORD]]''': [https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/{{{NORD}}} {{{NORD}}}] }} | {{#if: {{{GARDNum|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | {{#if: {{{GARDName|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | '''[[GARD]]''': [https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/{{{GARDNum}}}/{{replace|{{{GARDName}}}| |-}} {{{GARDName}}}] }} }} | {{#if: {{{RP|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | '''[[Radiopaedia]]''': [https://radiopaedia.org/articles/{{{RP}}} {{{RP}}}] }} | {{#if: {{{AO|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | '''[[AO Foundation]]''': [https://www2.aofoundation.org/wps/portal/{{{AO}}} {{{AO}}}] }} | {{#if: {{{WO|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | '''Koorsooyinka Wheeless''': [http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/{{{WO}}} {{{WO}}}] }} | {{#if: {{{OrthoInfo|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | '''OrthoInfo''': [http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic={{{OrthoInfo}}} {{{OrthoInfo}}}] }} | {{#if:{{{Orphanet|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} | '''[[Orphanet]]''': [https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=en&Expert={{{Orphanet}}} {{{Orphanet}}}] {{{Orphanet_mult|}}} }} | {{#if:{{{Scholia|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} |'''Scholia''': [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/topic/{{{Scholia|}}} {{{Scholia|}}}]| }} | {{#if:{{{OB|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}} |'''Orthobullets''': [http://www.orthobullets.com/{{{OB|}}} {{{OB|}}}]|}}}} }}{{main other|{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:string|find|{{{ICD11|}}}{{{ICD10|}}}{{{ICD10CM|}}}{{{ICD9|}}}{{{ICDO|}}}{{{OMIM|}}}{{{OMIM_mult|}}}{{{MeshID|}}}{{{DiseasesDB|}}}{{{SNOMED CT|}}}{{{MedlinePlus|}}}{{{eMedicineSubj|}}}{{{eMedicineTopic|}}}{{{eMedicine_mult|}}}{{{PatientUK|}}}{{{NCI|}}}{{{GeneReviewsNBK|}}}{{{GeneReviewsNBK1|}}}{{{GeneReviewsNBK2|}}}{{{GeneReviewsNBK3|}}}{{{GeneReviewsNBK4|}}}{{{GeneReviewsNBK5|}}}{{{GeneReviewsNBK6|}}}{{{GeneReviewsNBK7|}}}{{{GeneReviewsName|}}}{{{NORD|}}}{{{GARDNum|}}}{{{GARDName|}}}{{{RP|}}}{{{AO|}}}{{{WO|}}}{{{OrthoInfo|}}}{{{Orphanet|}}}{{{Scholia|}}}{{{OB|}}}|'"`UNIQ--ref-}}|[[Category:Articles with references in external links]]}}|}}<noinclude><!-- '"`UNIQ--ref- above detects ref tags specifically; it's part of a strip marker --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 8oyeh11zyziegmduy9tqcg59w65amnf 10 53250 309603 2026-09-25T05:45:57Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/{{{1}}}/ {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}}}]<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 309603 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/{{{1}}}/ {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{1}}}}}]<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> h60fe411q3z6ytt7qlqje13wrq4az0l 10 53251 309604 2026-09-25T05:46:42Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#{{{2|{{#invoke:ICD11|code2link|{{{1}}}}}}}} {{{1}}}]}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> 309604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#{{{2|{{#invoke:ICD11|code2link|{{{1}}}}}}}} {{{1}}}]}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Ku dar qaybaha iyo interwiki-yada bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> 2xmigyuvd9nn9wytw3uvffh81lkvc58 10 53252 309605 2026-09-25T05:47:57Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|.{{{3}}}}} {{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|.{{{3}}}}}]}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 309605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|.{{{3}}}}} {{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|.{{{3}}}}}]}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> b8cnjnfkqee328ful9n8jxm7xsj3dkp 10 53253 309606 2026-09-25T05:48:19Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [http://icd9cm.chrisendres.com/index.php?srchtype=procs&srchtext={{{1}}}&Submit=Search&action=search {{{1}}}]<noinclude> {{documentation|content= This template links to ICD9. [[Category:Medicine external link templates]] }} </noinclude> 309606 wikitext text/x-wiki [http://icd9cm.chrisendres.com/index.php?srchtype=procs&srchtext={{{1}}}&Submit=Search&action=search {{{1}}}]<noinclude> {{documentation|content= This template links to ICD9. [[Category:Medicine external link templates]] }} </noinclude> an5qxdllfk7y9zqvfdhdozqz0t1d11t 10 53254 309607 2026-09-25T05:48:41Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://progenetix.org/subset/?id=pgx:icdom-{{{1}}}{{{2}}} M{{{1}}}/{{{2}}}]<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 309607 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://progenetix.org/subset/?id=pgx:icdom-{{{1}}}{{{2}}} M{{{1}}}/{{{2}}}]<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> a7xr4jx0ghov84fajo87w10d6utnfrh 10 53255 309608 2026-09-25T05:49:20Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly><templatestyles src="Highlight round/styles.css"/><div class="tpl-highlight-round__wrapper"><span class="tpl-highlight-round__content" {{#if:{{{bg|{{{bc|}}}}}}{{{style|}}}|style="{{#if:{{{bg|{{{bc|}}}}}}|background: {{{bg|{{{bc|}}}}}};}} {{{style|}}}}}">{{{1|Highlighted text}}}</span></div></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309608 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><templatestyles src="Highlight round/styles.css"/><div class="tpl-highlight-round__wrapper"><span class="tpl-highlight-round__content" {{#if:{{{bg|{{{bc|}}}}}}{{{style|}}}|style="{{#if:{{{bg|{{{bc|}}}}}}|background: {{{bg|{{{bc|}}}}}};}} {{{style|}}}}}">{{{1|Highlighted text}}}</span></div></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> emcxuo2vavydeoo7qklv6tjplb980ff 10 53256 309609 2026-09-25T05:49:52Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ .tpl-highlight-round__content { white-space: nowrap; padding: 0 .45rem .1rem .45rem; border-radius: .4rem; box-shadow: 0.07rem 0.07rem 0 0.02rem #0000000f; position: relative; min-height: fit-content; background-color: #ffff00; display: inline-flex; border-collapse: collapse; box-sizing: border-box; justify-content: center; align-items: center; max-height: calc(1rem + 4px); height: 0.825rem; color: var(--color-base, #212012); } .tpl-highlight... 309609 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .tpl-highlight-round__content { white-space: nowrap; padding: 0 .45rem .1rem .45rem; border-radius: .4rem; box-shadow: 0.07rem 0.07rem 0 0.02rem #0000000f; position: relative; min-height: fit-content; background-color: #ffff00; display: inline-flex; border-collapse: collapse; box-sizing: border-box; justify-content: center; align-items: center; max-height: calc(1rem + 4px); height: 0.825rem; color: var(--color-base, #212012); } .tpl-highlight-round__wrapper { display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; } @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .tpl-highlight-round__content, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tpl-highlight-round__content { box-shadow: 0.07rem 0.07rem 0 0.02rem #ffffffcc; color: var(--color-inverted, #101418); } } k2ag3kmm5j3z6nvrxjb2x7s9ctdozb7 10 53257 309610 2026-09-25T05:52:22Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#invoke:GHS phrases|main|setid=H}}</includeonly><!-- -->{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters |check |unknown={{main other|[[Category:GHS errors|U]]}} |preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |regexp1=[%d]+ |setid |listtype |omit}}<!--- --><noinclude>{{documentation|1=Template:GHS phrases/doc}}</noinclude> 309610 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:GHS phrases|main|setid=H}}</includeonly><!-- -->{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters |check |unknown={{main other|[[Category:GHS errors|U]]}} |preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |regexp1=[%d]+ |setid |listtype |omit}}<!--- --><noinclude>{{documentation|1=Template:GHS phrases/doc}}</noinclude> cqu6wl1y5bbztmc23vzkbkwdvfmi1t3 10 53258 309611 2026-09-25T05:53:01Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#invoke:GHS phrases|main|setid=P}}</includeonly><!-- -->{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters |check |unknown={{main other |[[Category:GHS errors|U]]}} |preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |regexp1=[%d]+ |setid |listtype |omit}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation|1=Template:GHS phrases/doc}}</noinclude> 309611 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:GHS phrases|main|setid=P}}</includeonly><!-- -->{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters |check |unknown={{main other |[[Category:GHS errors|U]]}} |preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |regexp1=[%d]+ |setid |listtype |omit}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation|1=Template:GHS phrases/doc}}</noinclude> k9jgovfzq4rwnlv2wukfbsh2zarrxgn 10 53259 309612 2026-09-25T05:53:36Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <noinclude>__TOC__</noinclude> {{#switch: {{{setid}}} | H = {{{!}} class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible {{#switch:{{{state|mw-uncollapsed}}}|collapsed|mw-collapsed=mw-collapsed|#default=uncollapsed}}" style="min-width:50%; font-size:85%" {{!}}- ! colspan="2" {{!}} {{navbar-collapsible |1={{{title|{{GHS phrases/number of phrases|setid={{{setid|H}}}|min={{{min|}}}|max={{{max|}}}}}}}}{{yesno|1={{{displayref|yes}}}|no=|yes={{GHS Reference|{{{ref|ref}}}|annex=3}}}} |2=Template:... 309612 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>__TOC__</noinclude> {{#switch: {{{setid}}} | H = {{{!}} class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible {{#switch:{{{state|mw-uncollapsed}}}|collapsed|mw-collapsed=mw-collapsed|#default=uncollapsed}}" style="min-width:50%; font-size:85%" {{!}}- ! colspan="2" {{!}} {{navbar-collapsible |1={{{title|{{GHS phrases/number of phrases|setid={{{setid|H}}}|min={{{min|}}}|max={{{max|}}}}}}}}{{yesno|1={{{displayref|yes}}}|no=|yes={{GHS Reference|{{{ref|ref}}}|annex=3}}}} |2=Template:GHS phrases/list all}} {{!}}- ! style="min-width:15%;" {{!}} Koodka ! Weedha {{!}}- {{#invoke:GHS phrases|listAll|setid={{{setid|H}}}|min={{{min|}}}|max={{{max|}}}}} {{!}}} | P = {{{!}} class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible {{#switch:{{{state|mw-uncollapsed}}}|collapsed|mw-collapsed=mw-collapsed|#default=uncollapsed}}" style="min-width:50%; font-size:85%" {{!}}- ! colspan="2" {{!}} {{navbar-collapsible |1={{{title|{{GHS phrases/number of phrases|setid={{{setid|P}}}|min={{{min|}}}|max={{{max|}}}}}}}}{{yesno|1={{{displayref|yes}}}|no=|yes={{GHS Reference|{{{ref|ref}}}|annex=3}}}} |2=Template:GHS phrases/list all}} {{!}}- ! style="min-width:15%;" {{!}} Koodka ! Weedha {{!}}- {{#invoke:GHS phrases|listAll|setid={{{setid|P}}}|min={{{min|}}}|max={{{max|}}}}} {{!}}} |#default = (fadlan deji {{para|setid}} in uu ahaado H ama P) }}<!-- --><noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> iwticlq4ywg1e0lnnfc8lih25orjd8r 10 53260 309613 2026-09-25T05:54:03Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#invoke:GHS phrases|main|listtype=inline}} 309613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:GHS phrases|main|listtype=inline}} 3m3797qycb2kvy7qw2cgrds4ib5tqn5 10 53261 309614 2026-09-25T05:54:32Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#invoke:GHS phrases|numberOfPhrases|setid={{{setid|H}}}|min={{{min|}}}|max={{{max|}}}}}<!-- --><noinclude> {{documentation|content= * Waxaa loo baahan yahay: {{para|setid|}} (H ama P) * Ikhtiyaaraadka: {{para|min}} iyo {{para|max}} * Dejinta {{para|min}} iyo {{para|max}} waxay taxaysaa dhammaan weedhaha ku jira xadka la cayimay waxayna cusboonaysiinaysaa tirada la soo bandhigay. Tusaale ahaan, {{para|min|200}} iyo {{para|max|250}} waxay soo bandhigi doonaan tirada weedhaha lag... 309614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:GHS phrases|numberOfPhrases|setid={{{setid|H}}}|min={{{min|}}}|max={{{max|}}}}}<!-- --><noinclude> {{documentation|content= * Waxaa loo baahan yahay: {{para|setid|}} (H ama P) * Ikhtiyaaraadka: {{para|min}} iyo {{para|max}} * Dejinta {{para|min}} iyo {{para|max}} waxay taxaysaa dhammaan weedhaha ku jira xadka la cayimay waxayna cusboonaysiinaysaa tirada la soo bandhigay. Tusaale ahaan, {{para|min|200}} iyo {{para|max|250}} waxay soo bandhigi doonaan tirada weedhaha laga bilaabo H200 ilaa H250 ama P200 ilaa P250, iyadoo ku xiran {{para|setid}}. Weedhaha H/P weli looma qeexin lambar kasta, markaa tiradu waxay noqon kartaa mid ka yar farqiga u dhexeeya min iyo max. }}</noinclude> 3hyt5k6ovnu86xklmh6ny3sjkuxo6ck 10 53262 309615 2026-09-25T05:55:06Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{collapse top |title=[[:Template:GHS phrases#Omit Rules |Xeerarka Ka Reebidda (Omit Rules)]] sida ay u adeegsato {{tl|GHS phrases}} {{nobold|1=<small>({{v|Template:GHS phrases/list omit rules}})</small>}}|bg=#eaeaea|expand=<noinclude>true</noinclude>{{yesno|{{{expand|no}}}|no=|yes=true}}}}<!-- |expand=| => collapsed --> {{#invoke:GHS phrases|listOmitRules}} * Loogu kala saaray sida {{clc|GHS warnings}} hoos yimaada "O" * Isha: {{GHS Reference|ref=noref|annex=3}} {{collapse bottom}} 309615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{collapse top |title=[[:Template:GHS phrases#Omit Rules |Xeerarka Ka Reebidda (Omit Rules)]] sida ay u adeegsato {{tl|GHS phrases}} {{nobold|1=<small>({{v|Template:GHS phrases/list omit rules}})</small>}}|bg=#eaeaea|expand=<noinclude>true</noinclude>{{yesno|{{{expand|no}}}|no=|yes=true}}}}<!-- |expand=| => collapsed --> {{#invoke:GHS phrases|listOmitRules}} * Loogu kala saaray sida {{clc|GHS warnings}} hoos yimaada "O" * Isha: {{GHS Reference|ref=noref|annex=3}} {{collapse bottom}} 1i45dulafmxbghgvtsxyz52pi0k43ek 10 53263 309616 2026-09-25T05:56:03Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#invoke:GHS phrases|main}}</includeonly><!-- -->{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters |check |unknown={{main other |[[Category:GHS errors|U]]}} |preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |regexp1=[%d]+ |setid |listtype |omit}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309616 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:GHS phrases|main}}</includeonly><!-- -->{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters |check |unknown={{main other |[[Category:GHS errors|U]]}} |preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |regexp1=[%d]+ |setid |listtype |omit}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ej2caxlnngayfdiqh7ul1zgwqzk086r 10 53264 309617 2026-09-25T05:57:41Z Isma4l 41797 Bog loo bedeley [[Template:VTE]] 309617 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:VTE]] fjo8dw2oc2s764symhyllp6sgfeirfp 10 53265 309618 2026-09-25T05:58:20Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{GHS Reference/add reftag | refstructure = {{{ref|{{{1|ref}}}}}} | atID = {{#if:{{{part|}}} |part-{{{part|}}} |{{#if:{{{annex|}}} |annex-{{{annex|}}} }}}} | cs1 = {{GHS Reference/cs1 | at = {{GHS Reference/at |atID = {{#if:{{{part|}}}|part-{{{part|}}}|{{#if:{{{annex|}}}|annex-{{{annex|}}}}}}} }} | chapter = {{{chapter|}}} | pages = {{{pages|}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{GHS Reference/add reftag | refstructure = {{{ref|{{{1|ref}}}}}} | atID = {{#if:{{{part|}}} |part-{{{part|}}} |{{#if:{{{annex|}}} |annex-{{{annex|}}} }}}} | cs1 = {{GHS Reference/cs1 | at = {{GHS Reference/at |atID = {{#if:{{{part|}}}|part-{{{part|}}}|{{#if:{{{annex|}}}|annex-{{{annex|}}}}}}} }} | chapter = {{{chapter|}}} | pages = {{{pages|}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 8awm5xs9ryd3q807toc313bvg5acpgo 10 53266 309619 2026-09-25T05:58:59Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#switch:{{{refstructure|}}} ||noref = {{{cs1|}}} |ref|named|namedref = {{#tag:ref|{{{cs1|}}} |name=GHS Reference {{{atID|}}} }} |noname = {{#tag:ref|{{{cs1|}}}}} |name|nameonly = {{#tag:ref||name=GHS Reference {{{atID|}}} }} |#default ={{#tag:ref|{{{cs1|}}} |name={{{refstructure|}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{if preview|1={{#switch:{{{refstructure|}}} ||noref|noname= |#default =<small style="background:#eaeaea;">{{red|1={{mono|1={{tl|GHS Reference}}}} named reference:}} <code sty... 309619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{refstructure|}}} ||noref = {{{cs1|}}} |ref|named|namedref = {{#tag:ref|{{{cs1|}}} |name=GHS Reference {{{atID|}}} }} |noname = {{#tag:ref|{{{cs1|}}}}} |name|nameonly = {{#tag:ref||name=GHS Reference {{{atID|}}} }} |#default ={{#tag:ref|{{{cs1|}}} |name={{{refstructure|}}} }} }}<!-- -->{{if preview|1={{#switch:{{{refstructure|}}} ||noref|noname= |#default =<small style="background:#eaeaea;">{{red|1={{mono|1={{tl|GHS Reference}}}} named reference:}} <code style="color:green; background:#eaeaea;">&lt;ref name={{trim|1= {{#switch:{{{refstructure|}}} |ref|named|namedref ="{{trim|1=GHS Reference {{{atID|}}}}}" |name|nameonly ="{{trim|1=GHS Reference {{{atID|}}}}}"&nbsp;/ |#default ="{{{refstructure|}}}" }}}}&gt;</code></small> }}}} fsvvpjj9mjeey7puks8ufggt8n8b0v1 10 53267 309620 2026-09-25T05:59:34Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#invoke:cite|web |url = https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/GHS%20Rev11e.pdf |title = Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) |volume = GHS Rev. 11 |format = pdf |publisher = Qaramada Midoobay |location = Geneva |date = 2025 |at = {{{at|}}}{{#if:{{{chapter|}}} |,&#x20;cutubka: {{{chapter|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pages|}}} |,&#x20;bogagga: {{{pages|}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation |content={{tlf|GHS Reference/cs1... 309620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:cite|web |url = https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/GHS%20Rev11e.pdf |title = Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) |volume = GHS Rev. 11 |format = pdf |publisher = Qaramada Midoobay |location = Geneva |date = 2025 |at = {{{at|}}}{{#if:{{{chapter|}}} |,&#x20;cutubka: {{{chapter|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pages|}}} |,&#x20;bogagga: {{{pages|}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation |content={{tlf|GHS Reference/cs1}} wuxuu ka kooban yahay isha cayiman ee {{tl|Cite web|...}}, oo ay ku jiraan xuduudaha la xalliyey sida {{para|annex|3}}: *{{GHS Reference/cs1}} Kahor inta aanad cusboonaysiin template-kan, fadlan hubi bogagga ama template-yada isticmaalaya si aad u xaqijiso in macluumaadka halkaa ku jira uu sidoo kale la mid yahay tixraaca cusub. Lambarrada bogaggu waa ay is beddeli karaan int u dhaxeeya daabacadaha. }}</noinclude> rvgnukoa40uv4av0sajm9ejm6ms2xgi 10 53268 309621 2026-09-25T06:00:15Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#switch:{{{atID|}}} |part-1 = Qaybta 1: Hordhac |part-2 = Qaybta 2: Khataraha Jirka |part-3 = Qaybta 3: Khataraha Caafimaadka |part-4 = Qaybta 4: Khataraha Deegaanka |annex-1 = Lifaaqa 1: Miisaska kooban ee kala-saaridda iyo summaynta (bog.&nbsp;277&ndash;290) |annex-2 = Lifaaqa 2: (La xafiday) |annex-3 = Lifaaqa 3: Summeynta bayaannada khatarta, summaynta iyo isticmaalka bayaannada taxaddarka, summaynta sawirada khatarta iyo tusaalooyinka sawirada taxaddarka (bog.&nbsp;293... 309621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{atID|}}} |part-1 = Qaybta 1: Hordhac |part-2 = Qaybta 2: Khataraha Jirka |part-3 = Qaybta 3: Khataraha Caafimaadka |part-4 = Qaybta 4: Khataraha Deegaanka |annex-1 = Lifaaqa 1: Miisaska kooban ee kala-saaridda iyo summaynta (bog.&nbsp;277&ndash;290) |annex-2 = Lifaaqa 2: (La xafiday) |annex-3 = Lifaaqa 3: Summeynta bayaannada khatarta, summaynta iyo isticmaalka bayaannada taxaddarka, summaynta sawirada khatarta iyo tusaalooyinka sawirada taxaddarka (bog.&nbsp;293&ndash;408) |annex-4 = Lifaaqa 4: Hagidda ku saabsan diyaarinta Xogta Badbaadada Alaabta (SDS) (bog.&nbsp;409&ndash;432) |annex-5 = Lifaaqa 5: Summaynta badeecadaha macaamiisha iyadoo la saleynayo suurtogalnimada dhaawaca (bog.&nbsp;433&ndash;438) |annex-6 = Lifaaqa 6: Habka tijaabada fahamka (bog.&nbsp;439&ndash;450) |annex-7 = Lifaaqa 7: Tusaalooyinka habaynta walxaha sumadda GHS (bog.&nbsp;451&ndash;472) |annex-8 = Lifaaqa 8: Tusaale ku saabsan kala-saaridda Nidaamka Is waafajinta Caalamiga ah (bog.&nbsp;473&ndash;480) |annex-9 = Lifaaqa 9: Hagidda ku saabsan khataraha soo wajaha deegaanka biyaha (bog.&nbsp;481&ndash;562) |annex-10= Lifaaqa 10: Hagidda ku saabsan beddelka/milanka biraha iyo isku-dhisyada biraha ee deegaanka biyaha (bog.&nbsp;563&ndash;576) |annex-11= Lifaaqa 11: Hagidda ku saabsan khataraha kale ee aan keenayn kala-saaridda (bog.&nbsp;575&ndash;) |#default= }} lq1ydogqk29cqzh949tp6fuu9hfcw9h 10 53269 309622 2026-09-25T06:03:34Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Chembox setHeader |setheadertext=[[Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals|Summaynta '''GHS''']]:{{{GHS_ref|}}}}} {{trim|1= {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[GHS hazard pictograms|Sawirada khatarta]] |data={{{GHSpics|}}}}} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals#Signal word|Erayga digtoonaanta]] |data={{#switch:{{trim|1={{lc:{{Plain text|1={{{GHSbareword|}}}}}}}}} |= |warning = '''Digtoon... 309622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chembox setHeader |setheadertext=[[Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals|Summaynta '''GHS''']]:{{{GHS_ref|}}}}} {{trim|1= {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[GHS hazard pictograms|Sawirada khatarta]] |data={{{GHSpics|}}}}} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals#Signal word|Erayga digtoonaanta]] |data={{#switch:{{trim|1={{lc:{{Plain text|1={{{GHSbareword|}}}}}}}}} |= |warning = '''Digtoonaansho (Warning)''' |danger = '''Khatar (Danger)''' |#default = {{{GHSbareword|}}}<!-- error: -->{{preview warning|{{para|GHSword|}} waxay noqon প্রয়োজন "Warning" ''ama'' "Danger" (+ &lt;ref&gt;...&lt;/ref&gt; ikhtiyaari ah).}}{{main other|[[Category:GHS errors|S]]|&#x20;&#91;&rarr;[[:Category:GHS errors]]&#93;}}}}<!-- Ku dar tixraaca: -->{{trim|1={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{{GHSword|}}}|pattern={{{GHSbareword|}}}|replace=|plain=true}}}}}} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[GHS hazard statements|Bayaannada khatarta]] |data={{{Hphrases|}}}}} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[GHS precautionary statements|Bayaannada taxaddarka]] |data={{{Pphrases|}}}}} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> qdzprq7tu2mrcp2t5apne422axn6rtv 10 53270 309623 2026-09-25T06:04:03Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if:{{{data|}}}| {{!}}- {{!}} style="padding-left:1em;" {{!}} {{longitem|1={{{label|}}}}} {{!}} {{{data|}}} {{!}}- }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation|1= Template:Chembox subHeader/doc}}</noinclude> 309623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{data|}}}| {{!}}- {{!}} style="padding-left:1em;" {{!}} {{longitem|1={{{label|}}}}} {{!}} {{{data|}}} {{!}}- }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation|1= Template:Chembox subHeader/doc}}</noinclude> ep9hknmq9ooze6x2vayn79yownzunqh 10 53271 309624 2026-09-25T06:04:35Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{#if:{{{setheadertext|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;" {{!}} {{{setheadertext|}}} {{!}}- }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{setheadertext|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;" {{!}} {{{setheadertext|}}} {{!}}- }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ik0wdic06r4rbv9dy3x5ldju5vziop2 10 53272 309625 2026-09-25T06:12:21Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Chembox setHeader|setheadertext='''Qiyaasta dhimashada''' ama fiirsashada (LD, LC):}} {{trim|1= {{Chembox setDatarow |label=LD₅₀ ([[lethal dose#LD50|qiyaasta dhexe]]) |data= {{{LD50|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow |label=LD_Lo ([[lethal dose#LDLo|ta ugu hooseysa ee la daabacay]]) |data={{{LDLo|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow |label=LC₅₀ ([[lethal dose#LC50|fiirsashada dhexe]]) |data={{{LC50|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow |label=LC_Lo (lethal... 309625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chembox setHeader|setheadertext='''Qiyaasta dhimashada''' ama fiirsashada (LD, LC):}} {{trim|1= {{Chembox setDatarow |label=LD₅₀ ([[lethal dose#LD50|qiyaasta dhexe]]) |data= {{{LD50|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow |label=LD_Lo ([[lethal dose#LDLo|ta ugu hooseysa ee la daabacay]]) |data={{{LDLo|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow |label=LC₅₀ ([[lethal dose#LC50|fiirsashada dhexe]]) |data={{{LC50|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow |label=LC_Lo ([[lethal dose#LCLo|ta ugu hooseysa ee la daabacay]]) |data={{{LCLo|}}} }} }} |-<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> jchbm49b51o3bbyxyzq9rwkqosoyavk 10 53273 309626 2026-09-25T06:13:06Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Chembox setHeader|setheadertext=[[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|'''NIOSH''']] (Xadka u-gaadhista caafimaadka Maraykanka):{{yesno|{{{NIOSHidOK|no}}} |yes={{Chembox NIOSH (set)/formatPocketGuideLink |NIOSH_id={{{NIOSH_id|}}}}} |no=}}{{{NIOSH_ref|}}}}} {{trim|1= {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[Permissible exposure limit|PEL]] (Xadka la oggol yahay) |data={{{PEL|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[Recommended exposure limit|REL]] (Xadka lagu talinayo) |data={... 309626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chembox setHeader|setheadertext=[[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|'''NIOSH''']] (Xadka u-gaadhista caafimaadka Maraykanka):{{yesno|{{{NIOSHidOK|no}}} |yes={{Chembox NIOSH (set)/formatPocketGuideLink |NIOSH_id={{{NIOSH_id|}}}}} |no=}}{{{NIOSH_ref|}}}}} {{trim|1= {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[Permissible exposure limit|PEL]] (Xadka la oggol yahay) |data={{{PEL|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[Recommended exposure limit|REL]] (Xadka lagu talinayo) |data={{{REL|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=[[Immediately dangerous to life or health|IDLH]] (Khatar degdeg ah oo ku wajahan nolosha ama caafimaadka) |data={{{IDLH|}}} }} }} |-<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 22txty7hsduemlo82hokxfsv4gdxe5k 10 53274 309627 2026-09-25T06:13:41Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Chembox setHeader |setheadertext= '''[[Badbaadada iyo caafimaadka shaqada]]''' (OHS/OSH):{{{OHS_ref|}}} }} {{trim|1= {{Chembox setDatarow|label=Khataraha ugu waaweyn |data={{{MainHazards|}}}}} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=Khataraha liqidda |data= {{{IngestionHazard|}}}}} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=Khataraha neefsashada |data={{{InhalationHazard|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=Khataraha indhaha |data={{{EyeHazard|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=Khataraha maqaarka |data={{{... 309627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chembox setHeader |setheadertext= '''[[Badbaadada iyo caafimaadka shaqada]]''' (OHS/OSH):{{{OHS_ref|}}} }} {{trim|1= {{Chembox setDatarow|label=Khataraha ugu waaweyn |data={{{MainHazards|}}}}} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=Khataraha liqidda |data= {{{IngestionHazard|}}}}} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=Khataraha neefsashada |data={{{InhalationHazard|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=Khataraha indhaha |data={{{EyeHazard|}}} }} {{Chembox setDatarow|label=Khataraha maqaarka |data={{{SkinHazard|}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> fxxfchmfufqny7lhxuryce5wuteo3sb 10 53275 309628 2026-09-25T06:14:17Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: | [[Xaashida xogta badbaadada]] (SDS) | {{{ExternalSDS|}}} |-<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309628 wikitext text/x-wiki | [[Xaashida xogta badbaadada]] (SDS) | {{{ExternalSDS|}}} |-<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> stftxwzqn1o63lopms5xbtcp5b71zpy 10 53276 309629 2026-09-25T06:15:51Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: *{{FCC Licensing and Management System facility|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}} *{{AMARB|{{{2}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309629 wikitext text/x-wiki *{{FCC Licensing and Management System facility|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}} *{{AMARB|{{{2}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> c6b8kflql4vix3jlj3n2s79ifa6a1gl 10 53277 309630 2026-09-25T06:16:31Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/publicFacilityDetails.html?facilityId={{{1}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|Faahfaahinta xarunta ee Aqoonsiga Xarunta {{{1}}}}}{{#if: {{{2|}}} |<nowiki> </nowiki>({{{2}}})| |}}] {{#if: {{{3|}}} | |<nowiki> </nowiki> ee [[Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka|FCC]] Nidaamka Sharciga iyo Maamulka}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309630 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/publicFacilityDetails.html?facilityId={{{1}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|Faahfaahinta xarunta ee Aqoonsiga Xarunta {{{1}}}}}{{#if: {{{2|}}} |<nowiki> </nowiki>({{{2}}})| |}}] {{#if: {{{3|}}} | |<nowiki> </nowiki> ee [[Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka|FCC]] Nidaamka Sharciga iyo Maamulka}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> r0ds3c4u0mp6sfs5gu7pbom30xn94xp 10 53278 309631 2026-09-25T06:17:54Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{FCC Licensing and Management System facility|1={{{1}}}|3={{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{FCC Licensing and Management System facility|1={{{1}}}|3={{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> iox76ohwdnxu0917erye0vkub33r0di 10 53279 309632 2026-09-25T06:18:18Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{FCC station profile|{{{1}}}|tv|{{{2|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Please add this template's categories to the /doc subpage, not here - thanks!--> </noinclude> 309632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{FCC station profile|{{{1}}}|tv|{{{2|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Please add this template's categories to the /doc subpage, not here - thanks!--> </noinclude> 4yrhu91a560p7itfkw3hdp4x5inouxz 10 53280 309633 2026-09-25T06:18:45Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://publicfiles.fcc.gov/{{{2}}}-profile/{{{1}}} {{{3|}}}]<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Please add this template's categories to the /doc subpage, not here - thanks!--> </noinclude> 309633 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://publicfiles.fcc.gov/{{{2}}}-profile/{{{1}}} {{{3|}}}]<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Please add this template's categories to the /doc subpage, not here - thanks!--> </noinclude> 7r0puewc5yao7ug7gl3hddlrb8f87fk 10 53281 309634 2026-09-25T06:19:49Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {| class="wikitable {{#if:{{{call2|}}}| sortable}}" {{#if:{{{width|}}}| width="{{{width}}}" }} <!-- Title --> {{#if:{{{callsign|}}}| {{!}}- {{!}}+ {{#if:{{{call2|}}}|Turjubaannada baahinta|Turjubaanka baahinta}} ee {{{callsign}}} {{!}}- }} <!-- Column headers --> ! scope="col" | Calaamadda wicitaanka !! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Int Abtirsiinta (Frequency) !! scope="col" | Magaalada shatiga !! scope="col" {{!}} Aqoonsiga Xarunta (FID) {{#if:{{{watts1|}}}| !! scope="co... 309634 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable {{#if:{{{call2|}}}| sortable}}" {{#if:{{{width|}}}| width="{{{width}}}" }} <!-- Title --> {{#if:{{{callsign|}}}| {{!}}- {{!}}+ {{#if:{{{call2|}}}|Turjubaannada baahinta|Turjubaanka baahinta}} ee {{{callsign}}} {{!}}- }} <!-- Column headers --> ! scope="col" | Calaamadda wicitaanka !! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Int Abtirsiinta (Frequency) !! scope="col" | Magaalada shatiga !! scope="col" {{!}} Aqoonsiga Xarunta (FID) {{#if:{{{watts1|}}}| !! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" {{!}} Awoodda shucaaca ee waxtarka leh (ERP) ([[watt|{{abbr|W|watt}}]]) }} {{#if:{{{haat1|}}}| !! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" {{!}} Joogagga ka sarreeya dhulka celceliska (HAAT) }} {{#if:{{{class1|}}}| !! scope="col" {{!}} Fasalka }} {{#if:{{{coord1|}}}| !! scope="col" class="unsortable" {{!}} Isku-duwayasha gudbiyaha }} !! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Macluumaadka FCC {{#if:{{{notes1|}}}| !! scope="col" 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style="text-align: right;" {{!}} {{{fid29|}}} {{#if:{{{watts1|}}}| {{!!}} style="text-align: right;" {{!}} {{{watts29}}} }} {{#if:{{{haat1|}}}| {{!!}} {{convert|{{{haat29}}}|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} }} {{#if:{{{class1|}}}| {{!!}} {{{class29}}} }} {{#if:{{{coord1|}}}| {{!!}} {{{coord29}}} }} {{!!}} {{#if:{{{fid29|}}}|{{FCC-LMS-Facility|{{{fid29}}}||LMS}}|}} {{#if:{{{notes1|}}}| {{!!}} {{{notes29}}} }} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{call30|}}}| ! scope="row" {{!}} {{{call30}}} {{!}} {{Frequency|{{{freq30}}}|FM}} {{!!}} {{#if:{{{cpxcity30|}}}|{{{cpxcity30}}}|[[{{{city30}}}]]}} {{!!}} style="text-align: right;" {{!}} {{{fid30|}}} {{#if:{{{watts1|}}}| {{!!}} style="text-align: right;" {{!}} {{{watts30}}} }} {{#if:{{{haat1|}}}| {{!!}} {{convert|{{{haat30}}}|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} }} {{#if:{{{class1|}}}| {{!!}} {{{class30}}} }} {{#if:{{{coord1|}}}| {{!!}} {{{coord30}}} }} {{!!}} {{#if:{{{fid30|}}}|{{FCC-LMS-Facility|{{{fid30}}}||LMS}}|}} {{#if:{{{notes1|}}}| {{!!}} {{{notes30}}} }} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{call31|}}}| ! scope="row" {{!}} {{{call31}}} {{!}} {{Frequency|{{{freq31}}}|FM}} {{!!}} {{#if:{{{cpxcity31|}}}|{{{cpxcity31}}}|[[{{{city31}}}]]}} {{!!}} style="text-align: right;" {{!}} {{{fid31|}}} {{#if:{{{watts1|}}}| {{!!}} style="text-align: right;" {{!}} {{{watts31}}} }} {{#if:{{{haat1|}}}| {{!!}} {{convert|{{{haat31}}}|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} }} {{#if:{{{class1|}}}| {{!!}} {{{class31|}}} }} {{#if:{{{coord1|}}}| {{!!}} {{{coord31}}} }} {{!!}} {{#if:{{{fid30|}}}|{{FCC-LMS-Facility|{{{fid31}}}||LMS}}|}} {{#if:{{{notes1|}}}| {{!!}} {{{notes31}}} }} {{!}}- }} |}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Fadlan ku dar xogta metadata bog-hoosaadka /doc, halkan ha ku darin! --> </noinclude> 0aj9zxd1f2x2t76mbnbxoampmp8eej2 10 53282 309636 2026-09-25T06:21:03Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://www1.arbitron.com/sip/displaySip.do?surveyID=SU26&band=am&callLetter={{{1}}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}] in [[Nielsen Audio]]'s AM station database<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309636 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www1.arbitron.com/sip/displaySip.do?surveyID=SU26&band=am&callLetter={{{1}}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}] in [[Nielsen Audio]]'s AM station database<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> nf6hgm6sf5mhiq6exzlkmndg8i4l6jw 309637 309636 2026-09-25T06:21:30Z Isma4l 41797 309637 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www1.arbitron.com/sip/displaySip.do?surveyID=SU26&band=am&callLetter={{{1}}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}] ku jira xogta saldhigga AM ee [[Nielsen Audio]]<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> aiis65n6vf6yyduf0uketl9rnig17ho 10 53283 309638 2026-09-25T06:22:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: *{{FCC Licensing and Management System facility|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}-LP}} *{{FMXL|{{{2}}}-LP}} *{{FMARB|{{{2}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309638 wikitext text/x-wiki *{{FCC Licensing and Management System facility|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}-LP}} *{{FMXL|{{{2}}}-LP}} *{{FMARB|{{{2}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> i4rrl4njhyfxumht0qek36desvwadbz 10 53284 309639 2026-09-25T06:26:20Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://fccdata.org/?facid=&call={{{1}}}&ccode=1&city=&state=&country=US&zip=&arn=&party=&lmspf=&lmspl=&party_type=LICEN&latd=&lond=&lang=en {{{1}}}] at FCCdata.org<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309639 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://fccdata.org/?facid=&call={{{1}}}&ccode=1&city=&state=&country=US&zip=&arn=&party=&lmspf=&lmspl=&party_type=LICEN&latd=&lond=&lang=en {{{1}}}] at FCCdata.org<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 26lpeqxp9o3w0e4t7yuv537tayshma3 10 53285 309640 2026-09-25T06:26:46Z Isma4l 41797 Bog loo bedeley [[Template:FCCdata]] 309640 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:FCCdata]] q5c5qc5v4fq8535ylod4lm1ss1wlfug 10 53286 309641 2026-09-25T06:27:20Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://www1.arbitron.com/sip/displaySip.do?surveyID=SU26&band=fm&callLetter={{{1}}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}] in [[Nielsen Audio]]'s FM station database<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 309641 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www1.arbitron.com/sip/displaySip.do?surveyID=SU26&band=fm&callLetter={{{1}}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}] in [[Nielsen Audio]]'s FM station database<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> na62f8v1f9w8n1e1j52ttm66v1zftp2 309642 309641 2026-09-25T06:27:44Z Isma4l 41797 309642 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www1.arbitron.com/sip/displaySip.do?surveyID=SU26&band=fm&callLetter={{{1}}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}] ku jira xogta saldhigga FM ee [[Nielsen Audio]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 5ywyxlz6g72aa82kvf9b8v6irt43mi3 10 53287 309643 2026-09-25T06:28:16Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: *{{FCC Licensing and Management System facility|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}} *{{FMARB|{{{2}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 309643 wikitext text/x-wiki *{{FCC Licensing and Management System facility|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}} *{{FMARB|{{{2}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 2o873g4e45s6ihjocu8wtsxqmj24oxs 10 53288 309644 2026-09-25T06:31:03Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{ns0|[[Category:IMO numbers|{{{1}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{disp|}}}|no||[[IMO number]]:&nbsp;}}{{#ifeq: {{{link|}}} | no | {{{1}}} | [https://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/details/ships/imo:{{{1}}} {{{1}}}]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309644 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ns0|[[Category:IMO numbers|{{{1}}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{disp|}}}|no||[[IMO number]]:&nbsp;}}{{#ifeq: {{{link|}}} | no | {{{1}}} | [https://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/details/ships/imo:{{{1}}} {{{1}}}]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 3yu2p11zm8a3ypshb7f9rkou1cwjghk 10 53289 309645 2026-09-25T06:31:49Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#if:{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}}|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{register|{{{1|}}}}}}}} |ABS |BV |C |CLASSNK |DNV |FMMD |GL |ITU |KR |PSIX |RINA |RS |SD |SEAWEB |MT={{#switch:{{uc:{{{register|{{{1|}}}}}}}} |ABS=American Bureau of Shipping |BV=Bureau Veritas |C=Clydebuilt Ships Database |CLASSNK=Nippon Kaiji Kyokai |DNV={{#if:{{{id|}}}|{{#ifeq: {{#expr:{{{id}}}<99999}} |1|DNV|Germanischer Lloyd}}|DNV}} |E=French Ministry for Transport |FMMD=Maritime Museum of Finland... 309645 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}}|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{register|{{{1|}}}}}}}} |ABS |BV |C |CLASSNK |DNV |FMMD |GL |ITU |KR |PSIX |RINA |RS |SD |SEAWEB |MT=[[{{#switch:{{uc:{{{register|{{{1|}}}}}}}} |ABS=American Bureau of Shipping |BV=Bureau Veritas |C=Clydebuilt Ships Database |CLASSNK=Nippon Kaiji Kyokai |DNV={{#if:{{{id|}}}|{{#ifeq: {{#expr:{{{id}}}<99999}} |1|DNV|Germanischer Lloyd}}|DNV}} |E=French Ministry for Transport |FMMD=Maritime Museum of Finland |GL=Germanischer Lloyd |ITU=International Telecommunication Union |KR=Korean Register of Shipping |LR=Lloyd's Register |MSI=Miramar Ship Index |NOAA=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |PSIX=United States Coast Guard |RINA=Registro Italiano Navale |RS=Russian Maritime Register of Shipping |SD=Shippingdatabase.com |SEAWEB=Sea-web |MT=MarineTraffic |TC=Transport Canada }}|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{register|{{{1|}}}}}}}} |ABS=Lambarka Fasalka ABS |BV=Lambarka Diiwaanka BV |C=Lambarka Clydebuilt |CLASSNK=Lambarka Kala-saaridda ClassNK |GL |DNV={{#if:{{{id|}}}|{{#ifeq: {{#expr:{{{id}}}<99999}} |1|DNV|GL}}|DNV}} Aqoonsiga |E=Lambarka Equasis |FMMD=Lambarka Kaarka Markabka FMMD |ITU=Lambarka ITU MARS |KR=Lambarka Fasalka KR |LR=Lambarka Fasalka LR |PSIX=Lambarka Markabka PSIX |RINA=Lambarka RI |RS=Lambarka RS |SD=Lambarka Xog-ururinta Maraakiibta |SEAWEB=Lambarka Sea-web |MT=Aqoonsiga MarineTraffic |TC=Lambarka Weydiinta Diiwaangelinta Markabka }}]]: {{#ifeq: {{{link|}}} | no | {{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} | [{{#switch:{{uc:{{{register|{{{1|}}}}}}}} |ABS=https://www.eagle.org/safenet/record/record_vesseldetailsprinparticular?Classno{{=}}{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}}&Accesstype=PUBLIC&ReferrerApplication=PUBLIC |BV=http://www.veristar.com/{{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}}<999999}}|0|wps/portal/equasis?IMO={{{id|{{{2}}}}}}|portal/veristarinfo/generalinfo/registers/seaGoingShips}} |C=http://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?ref={{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} |CLASSNK=http://www.classnk.or.jp/register/regships/regships.aspx |GL |DNV=http://vesselregister.dnv.com/{{#if:{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}}|vesselregister/details/{{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{{id|{{{2}}}}}}<99999}}|0|G|}}{{{id|{{{2}}}}}}}} |E=http://www.equasis.org/EquasisWeb/restricted/ShipInfo?fs=Search&P_IMO={{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} |FMMD=http://kauppalaiva.nba.fi/card.php?id={{{id|{{{2|}}}}}}&lang=en |ITU=http://www.itu.int/online/mms/mars/ship_detail.sh?lang=en&{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} |KR=http://www.krs.co.kr/eng/ship_as_address/regist_read.aspx?s_code=0103040500&ClassNo={{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} |LR=https://classdirect.lr.org/lros?lrno={{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} |MSI=https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/ship/{{{id}}} |PSIX=https://cgmix.uscg.mil/PSIX/PSIXSearch.aspx |RINA={{#ifexpr:{{{id|{{{2|0}}}}}}<100000|https://www.leonardoinfo.com/|https://www.leonardoinfo.com/leonardoInfo/LeoInfoLogInExternalServlet?ImoNum={{{id|{{{2|}}}}}}}} |RS=http://info.rs-head.spb.ru/webFS/regbook/regbookVessel?ln=en |SD=http://www.shippingdatabase.com/ship.php?shipid={{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} |SEAWEB=http://maritime.ihs.com/ |MT=https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:{{{id|{{{2|}}}}}} |TC=http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/4/vrqs-srib/eng/vessel-registrations/search }} {{{id|{{{2|}}}}}}]}} |#default={{error|register={{{register|{{{1|}}}}}} ma aha magac diiwaan oo sax ah ([[:Template:Ship register|caawinaad]])}} }}|{{error|id= lama cayimin ([[:Template:Ship register|caawinaad]])}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> gfzw586wpnqbyta2a4bvzs5p0jmycsh 10 53290 309646 2026-09-25T06:32:21Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{#if:{{#invoke:WPSHIPS utilities|is_plimsoll_filename|{{{filename|}}}}}|{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite encyclopedia |_exclude=filename, guide, lr-number, ship-name, subtitle |entry={{#if:{{{ship-name|}}}|''{{{ship-name|}}}''{{#if:{{{lr-number|}}}|&#32;({{{lr-number}}})}}}} |entry-url={{#if:{{{ship-name|}}}|{{#invoke:WPSHIPS utilities|set_plimsoll_url|{{{filename}}}}}}} |url={{#if:{{{ship-name|}}}||{{#invoke:WPSHIPS utilities|set_plimsoll_url|{{{file... 309646 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{#invoke:WPSHIPS utilities|is_plimsoll_filename|{{{filename|}}}}}|{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite encyclopedia |_exclude=filename, guide, lr-number, ship-name, subtitle |entry={{#if:{{{ship-name|}}}|''{{{ship-name|}}}''{{#if:{{{lr-number|}}}|&#32;({{{lr-number}}})}}}} |entry-url={{#if:{{{ship-name|}}}|{{#invoke:WPSHIPS utilities|set_plimsoll_url|{{{filename}}}}}}} |url={{#if:{{{ship-name|}}}||{{#invoke:WPSHIPS utilities|set_plimsoll_url|{{{filename|}}}}}}} |title={{#if:{{{ship-name|}}}||Lloyd's Register}} |encyclopedia={{#if:{{{ship-name|}}}|Lloyd's Register{{#invoke:WPSHIPS utilities|set_plimsoll_subtitle|{{{subtitle}}}}}}} |department={{{guide|}}} |date={{#invoke:WPSHIPS utilities|set_plimsoll_date|{{{filename|}}}}} |location=London |publisher=[[Lloyd's Register]] |language=en, fr |via=Southampton City Council }}|<span style="font-size:100%" class="error">{{mono|&#x7B;&#x7B;cite plimsoll&#x7D;&#x7D;}} missing or malformed: {{mono|{{pipe}}filename{{=}}}}</span>}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 73yjkrdkw1kp2x7vqkpp91fezgifq8t 10 53291 309647 2026-09-25T06:32:44Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: <includeonly>{{ns0|[[Category:ENI Number|{{{1}}}]]}} [[ENI number]]: {{{1}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309647 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ns0|[[Category:ENI Number|{{{1}}}]]}} [[ENI number]]: {{{1}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> igopn58u1muer4p7cud4p923hszk6kn 10 53292 309648 2026-09-25T06:33:25Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{ns0|[[Category:Calaamadda wicitaanka badda|{{{1|{{#property:P2317}}}}}]]}}[[Maritime call sign|Calaamadda wicitaanka]]: {{#ifeq: {{{link|}}} | no | {{{1|{{#property:P2317}}}}} | [https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/data/?asset_type=vessels&callsign{{!}}eq{{!}}callsign={{{1|{{#property:P2317}}}}} {{{1|{{#property:P2317}}}}}]}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 309648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ns0|[[Category:Calaamadda wicitaanka badda|{{{1|{{#property:P2317}}}}}]]}}[[Maritime call sign|Calaamadda wicitaanka]]: {{#ifeq: {{{link|}}} | no | {{{1|{{#property:P2317}}}}} | [https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/data/?asset_type=vessels&callsign{{!}}eq{{!}}callsign={{{1|{{#property:P2317}}}}} {{{1|{{#property:P2317}}}}}]}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> sl8ttpanetna42dbjr11vz7hp81s6uc 10 53293 309649 2026-09-25T06:34:50Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/{{{1}}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|Faahfaahinta EduBase ee {{{1}}}}}]<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- FADLAN KU DAR CATEGORIES-KA IYO INTERWIKIS-KA TEMPLATE-KAN BOG-HOOSAADKA /doc, 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use}} {{tsh|left angles}} « (<code>&amp;laquo;</code>) waa calaamad [[punctuation mark|culayska/higgaadda]], u jeedda dibadda, oo lagu magacaabo [[guillemet]] taas oo loo isticmaalo sida calaamadda xigashada ama calaamadda celceliska si ay u muujiso hadalka ku qoran [[French language|afka Faransiiska]]. == Magacyada kale== * {{tl|left angles}} * {{tl|left guillemets}} * {{tl|left french quotes}} * {{tl|left duckfoot quotes}} == Sid... 309654 wikitext text/x-wiki «<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= {{high use}} {{tsh|left angles}} « (<code>&amp;laquo;</code>) waa calaamad [[punctuation mark|culayska/higgaadda]], u jeedda dibadda, oo lagu magacaabo [[guillemet]] taas oo loo isticmaalo sida calaamadda xigashada ama calaamadda celceliska si ay u muujiso hadalka ku qoran [[French language|afka Faransiiska]]. == Magacyada kale== * {{tl|left angles}} * {{tl|left guillemets}} * {{tl|left french quotes}} * {{tl|left duckfoot quotes}} == Sidoo kale fiiri == * {{tl|Right-pointing double angles}} }} [[Category:Template-yada caawiya qorista]] </noinclude> igvyluvmspnscxh0y2zu93gd39i3qxa 309655 309654 2026-09-25T06:46:50Z Isma4l 41797 309655 wikitext text/x-wiki «<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= {{high-use}} {{tsh|left angles}} « (<code>&amp;laquo;</code>) waa calaamad [[punctuation mark|culayska/higgaadda]], u jeedda dibadda, oo lagu magacaabo [[guillemet]] taas oo loo isticmaalo sida calaamadda xigashada ama calaamadda celceliska si ay u muujiso hadalka ku qoran [[French language|afka Faransiiska]]. == Magacyada kale== * {{tl|left angles}} * {{tl|left guillemets}} * {{tl|left french quotes}} * {{tl|left duckfoot quotes}} == Sidoo kale fiiri == * {{tl|Right-pointing double angles}} }} [[Category:Template-yada caawiya qorista]] </noinclude> 1qj2zlfb6xxgj7dc5iv4zw7rvv0iopx 10 53299 309656 2026-09-25T06:47:28Z Isma4l 41797 Bog loo bedeley [[Template:Left-pointing double angles]] 309656 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Left-pointing double angles]] 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