Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3973 309934 309922 2026-10-02T00:57:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 309934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | type = Magaalo | official_name = Damala Hagare | image = Damalaxagare.jpg | pushpin_map = Somalia | caption = | map_size = 150px | map_caption = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Soomaaliya | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Sanaag]] | subdivision_type2 = maakhir | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Ceerigaabo|Ceerigaabo]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_note = | area_total = | area_land = | area_water = | population_as_of = 2007<ref>{{Cite web |author=WFP Somalia |date=April 2007 |url=https://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp144576.pdf?iframe |title=Puntland Food Security and Vulnerability Assessment|accessdate=2021-06-17}}</ref> | population_total = 45,000 | population_metro = | population_density = | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone = | elevation = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Damala Xagare''' waa magaaro soo koraysa oo ku taal gobolka [[Sanaag]] ee Soomaaliya. '''Damala Xagare''' waa magaalo si weyn u koreysa oo ku taal gobolka Sanaag ee Soomaaliya. Waxay u adeegtaa sidii xarun dhaqaale iyo bulsho oo muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay bulshooyinka miyiga ah ee ku xeeran. Dhulka juqraafiyeed ee ku xeeran magaalada waxaa lagu gartaa dhul daaqsimeed ballaaran oo siman, oo loo yaqaanno "Dooxadda Dureera", taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon labadaba beeraha iyo xoolaha, oo ah laba hawlood oo dhaqaale oo muhiim ah oo taageera nolosha dadka deegaanka. Iyada oo ay ku nool yihiin dad ka badan 45,000, '''Damala Xagare''' waxay soo martay koror joogto ah, kaas oo ay dhiirrigelisay kordhinta degitaanka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee gobolka. Astaamaha muhiimka ah ee magaalada waxaa ka mid ah dhul ay ku badan yihiin ceelal biyoodyo dabiici ah, kuwaas oo bixiya il biyo oo muhiim ah oo loo isticmaalo guriga, beeraha, iyo xoolaha. Biyahan dabiiciga ah waxay si weyn uga qayb qaataan koritaanka magaalada, wax-soo-saarka beeraha, waxayna taageeraan bulshooyinka xoolaleyda ah. '''Damala Xagare''' waxay leedahay nidaam waxbarasho oo horumaraya, oo ay ku jiraan dugsi sare, dugsi hoose, iyo dugsi dhexe, kuwaas oo siiya waxbarasho aas-aasiga ah dhallinyarada magaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, helitaanka waxbarashada sare iyo tababarka gaarka ah waa kuwo xadidan, taas oo ku qasbeysa in loo safro magaalooyinka waaweyn si loo helo waxbarasho sare. Magaaladu sidoo kale waxay leedahay xarun caafimaad oo weyn, oo ay ku jirto xarunta caafimaadka hooyada iyo dhallaanka (MCH). Xaruntani waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa bixinta adeegyada caafimaadka lagama maarmaanka ah, gaar ahaan caafimaadka hooyada iyo dhallaanka, kuwaas oo ah meelaha muhiimka ah ee caafimaadka ee miyiga Soomaaliya. Inkasta oo ay jiraan adeegyadan caafimaadka, xaruntu waxay wajaheysaa caqabado sida agab caafimaad oo xadidan, yaraanshaha xirfadlayaasha caafimaadka ee tababbaran sida umulisooyinka iyo kalkaaliyeyaasha caafimaadka bulshada, iyo baahida loo qabo in la ballaariyo adeegyada si wax looga qabto baahiyaha caafimaad ee dadka sii kordhaya. Guud ahaan, '''Damala Xagare''' waa magaaro horumaraysa oo leh awood dhaqaale iyo bulsho oo muhiim ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maalgashi dheeraad ah oo lagu sameeyo kaabayaasha, waxbarashada, iyo adeegyada caafimaadka ayaa lagama maarmaan u noqon doona si loo taageero koritaankeeda joogtada ah loona hagaajiyo wanaagga dadkeeda deegaanka. ==Taariikhda dhow== Noofembar 2005, gobolka Sanaag waxaa la sheegay inuu la kulmayo biyo la'aan, waxaana Damala Xagare ay ahayd mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu daran ee ay saameysay.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Biyo laan ka dhacday gobolada Sanaag |newspaper=BBC |date=2005-11-16 |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/news/story/2005/11/printable/051116_biyo |accessdate=2021-05-27 }}</ref> March 2013, shir nabadgelyo oo dhex maray Beelaha [[Warsangali]] iyo [[Dhulbahante]] ayaa lagu qabtay Damala Xagare.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BADHASAABKA IYO TALIYAHA BOOLISKA SANAAG BARRI EE SOMALILAND OO KA QAYB GALAY SHIR LAGU SOO AF-JARAYO SHAQAAQOOYIN DHEX MARAY LABADA BEELOOD EE DHULBAHANTE IYO WARSANGALI |newspaper=ceerigaabo.com |date=2013-03-04 |url=http://ceerigaabo.com/2013/03/04/badhasaabka-iyo-taliyaha-booliska-sanaag-barri-ee-somaliland-oo-ka-qayb-galay-shir-lagu-soo-af-jarayo-shaqaaqooyin-dhex-maray-labada-beelood-ee-dhulbahante-iyo-warsangali/ |accessdate=2021-05-27 }}</ref> Sebtembar 2014, Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga ee Somaliland ayaa isku dayay inuu ka qaybgalo kulan ka dhacayay Beelaha [[Warsangali]] ee [[Hingalol]], laakiin ma awoodin inuu sameeyo wuxuuna ku go'doomay Damala Xagare.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wasiir CADAMI Oo Ku Go’doonsan Damala-Xagare Iyo Shirkii Xiin-galool Oo Lasoo Afmeeray |newspaper=hubaalmedia.net |date=2014-09-07 |url=https://www.hubaalmedia.net/wasiir-cadami-oo-ku-godoonsan-damala-xagare-iyo-shirkii-xiin-galool-oo-lasoo-afmeeray/ |accessdate=2021-05-27 |archive-date=2021-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527115358/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/wasiir-cadami-oo-ku-godoonsan-damala-xagare-iyo-shirkii-xiin-galool-oo-lasoo-afmeeray/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> May 2019, ciidamada Somaliland iyo Puntland ayaa ku dagaalamay Damala Xagare.<ref>{{Cite news |title=DEG DEG: Ciidamada Somaliland Iyo Kuwa Puntland Oo Ku Dagaalamay Magaalada Damalla-Xagare Ee Koonfurta Gobolka Gobolka Sanaag. |newspaper=dalmarnews.com |date=2019-05-21 |url=https://dalmarnews.com/2019/05/21/deg-deg-ciidamada-somaliland-iyo-kuwa-puntland-oo-ku-dagaalamay-magaalada-damalla-xagare-ee-koonfurta-gobolka-gobolka-sanaag/ |accessdate=2022-01-09 }}</ref> Tirada guud ee dhimashada labada dhinac waxaa lagu qiyaasay sagaal.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wararkii ugu Dambeeyay Dagaalkii Damalla Xagare-COD |newspaper=The World News |date=2019-05-22 |url=https://theworldnews.net/so-news/wararkii-ugu-dambeeyay-dagaalkii-damalla-xagare-cod |accessdate=2021-05-27 }}</ref> Bishii Juun, ciidanka Somaliland ayaa geeyay ciidamo, oo ay ku jiraan gaadiid gaashaaman, [[Yubbe]], [[Hadaftimo]], iyo Damala Xagare si ay u sugaan amniga xadka ee ka imaanaya Puntland.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Somaliland Sends troop reinforcement in Sanaag region |newspaper=somalilandstandard.com |date=2019-01-07 |url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-sends-troop-reinforcement-in-sanaag-region/ |accessdate=2021-01-09 }}</ref> Sebtembar 2019, bulshada deegaanka Damala Xagare ayaa ansixisay go'aan ka dhan ah dhuxulaysiga, kaasoo sababa khasaare deegaanka ah.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Olole ka dhan ah xaalufinta deegaanka oo ka biloowday gobollada Sool iyo Sanaag |newspaper=hiiraan.com |date=2019-09-11 |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2019/sept/wararka_maanta11-161788.htm |accessdate=2021-09-09 }}</ref> ==Dadweynaha== Magaalada Damala Xagare waa mid gaar ah marka la eego qaab-dhismeedkeeda iyo cabbirkeeda. Waxay qayb ahaan u qaybsan tahay laba deegaan ama degmo. Bahogeyslabe, Gerad Abdalle [[Warsangeli]] waxay ka kooban yihiin 85% dadweynaha halka qayb ka mid ah [[Dhulbahante]], inta badan laanta hoose ee [[Naleye Ahmed]] ee [[Mohamoud Garad]] ay ku nool yihiin dhinaca galbeed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Productions |first1=Sanag |title=Birnaamijka Xidhitaanka Shirka Bihina Carraale came to settle Damallaxagarre through their blood relations with Bahogeyslabe |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWhhkh1jHjo |website=YouTube |access-date=15 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Deegaan muhiim ah oo ku xeeran oo loo yaqaanno "Dooxadda Dureera" sidoo kale waxaa degan Bahogeyslabe ee beesha [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]].<ref name="interpeace northern somalia source">{{cite book |last1=Walls |first1=Michael |title=PEACE IN SOMALILAND: An Indigenous Approach to State-Building |date=2008 |publisher=Interpeace and the Academy for Peace and Development |location=Hargeisa |pages=70 |url=https://www.interpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/2008_SomS_Interpeace_APD_Statebuilding_EN.pdf |access-date=11 February 2023}}</ref> {{Portal|Somaliland}} ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} [[Category:Degmooyinka Sanaag]] [[Category:Goobaha taariikhiga ah ee Soomaaliya]] psqqgibyr05pna01wqd7ltybbid0wfu 0 20852 309928 163107 2026-10-01T13:04:51Z Marbletan 31245 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Atomic number depiction.jpg]] → [[File:Atomic number depiction.svg]] 309928 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Atomic number depiction.svg|thumb|300px|right|Muujinta tirada atamka, iyo Cufka Atamka.]] [[file:Periodic table.svg|thumb|260 px|Tubaha Kalgalka Muujinaya Tirada Atamka]] '''Tirada Atamka''' ama '''lambarka atamka''' (Z) (Ingriis: Atomic number) Waa ereybixin loo adeegsado [[Kimistari]] iyo [[Fiisikis]] ee ka socda tirada [[Borotoon]]nada ee ku jirta bu'da [[Atam|Atamka]]. Atamka waxaa ku jira [[Dhexdhexaadin|danab dheellitiran]], waxa ay noqonaysaa tirada Elektaroonno isle'eg ee tirada atam. Tirada Atamka waxaa xaddida nooca [[Curiye Kimikeed|Curiyaha Kiimikada]] e [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Jadwalka Curiyayaasha]]. * Tirada atamka waxa ay la mid tahay 1 [[Haydarojiin|haydarojiin]] oo ay ka koobantahay bu'diisa la dulsaaray 1 [[Borotoon]], * iyo [[Hiliyaam]] tiradiisa atamku waa 2 bu'diisna waxaa ku jirta 2 oo ah [[Borotoon]]no iyo 2 ah [[Niyutaroon]]no), * Kaddib waxaa ku xiga [[Liithiyaam]] ee [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha]] waxaa bu'diisa ku jira 3 Borotoon (tiradiisa atamna waa 3) iyadoo lagu darayo 4 [[Niyutaroon]]no, * Sidaas oo kale bay u sii kordhayaan tirada atam ee ee curiyayaasha ، ilaa laga gaaro curiyayaasha culus sida [[Balambam]] (tiradiisa atam waa 82) iyo [[Yuraaniyam]] (tiradiisa atam waa 92) . Waxaa la jira Tirada Atamka Z Tirada Borotoonada aan doonayno waa Kimistariga iyo Fiisikiska sidoo kale [[Cuf atam|Cufka atamka]] '''"A"''' waa kooxda Borotoonnada iyo Niyutaroonno ee bu'da atamka, lagu magacaabo A [[Tiro cuf]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == EEg sidoo kale == * [[Aysotoob]] * [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha]]. {{Portal bar|Fiisikis|Kimistari}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Astaamaha Kimikada]] [[Category:Atam]] 4scxm7yutku6pj0dfm9drt7fikra2io 0 23771 309930 309910 2026-10-01T13:38:44Z ~2026-52577-44 47642 309930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zeus''' ({{IPAc-en|zj|u:|s}}, {{Langx|grc|Ζεύς}}){{efn|[[Attic Greek|Attic]]–{{langx|grc-x-ionic|[[wikt:Ζεύς|Ζεύς]]|Zeús}} {{IPA|grc|zděu̯s|label=Attic–Ionic Greek:}} or {{IPA|grc|dzěu̯s|}}, {{IPA|grc-x-koine|zeʍs}}, {{IPA|el|zefs|label=Modern Greek pronunciation:}}; {{langx|grc|Δῐός|''Diós''|label=[[Genitive case|genitive]]}} {{IPA|grc|di.ós|}}<br>[[Aeolic Greek|Boeotian Aeolic]] and [[Doric Greek#Laconian|Laconian]] {{langx|grc-x-doric|Δεύς|Deús}} {{IPA|grc-x-doric|děu̯s|lang}}; {{langx|grc|Δέος|''Déos''|label=[[Genitive case|genitive]]}} {{IPA|grc|dé.os|}}<br />{{langx|el|Δίας|''Días''}} {{IPA|el|ˈði.as̠|label=Modern Greek:}}}} waa Ilaaha ugu sarreeya ay aaminsan yihiin ee [[List of Greek deities|pantheon-ka Giriigga]]. Waa ilaah samada ([[sky father|Aabbaha samada]]) iyo Ilaaha hillaaca ([[ilaah onkod]]) ee [[ancient Greek religion|diinta Giriigga ee hore]] iyo [[Greek mythology|khuraafaadka Giriigga]], kaas oo u xukuma sida [[king of the gods|boqorka ilaahyada]] dusha [[Mount Olympus|Buur Olympus]]. Zeus waa wiilka ay dhaleen [[Cronus]] iyo [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]. Dhaqamada badankood, waxaa uu u dhaxeeyaa [[Hera]], taas oo ay badanaa dhashay [[Ares]], [[Eileithyia]], [[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]], iyo [[Hephaestus]].<ref name="Hamilton1942">{{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Edith|title=Mythology |publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company|Back Bay Books]] |location=New York |date=1942 |edition=1998 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mythologytimeles00hami_1/page/467 467] |isbn=978-0-316-34114-1 |url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mythologytimeles00hami_1/page/467}}</ref><ref name=":h79">Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> Xarumaha [[oracle|la-tashiga]] ee [[Dodona]], xaaskiisa waxaa la oran jiray in ay aheyd [[Dione (Titaness/Oceanid)|Dione]],<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/zeus-e12216820 s.v. Zeus].</ref> taas oo uu buugga ''[[Iliad]]'' sheegayo in uu ka dhalay [[Aphrodite]].{{refn|name="aphrodite"|Waxaa jira laba sheeko oo waaweyn oo is khilaafaya oo ku saabsan halka ay ka soo jeedo Aphrodite: [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'' waxay sheeganeysaa in ay ku dhalatay xumbadii badda ka dib markii Cronus uu qalay Uranus, taas oo ka dhigaysa gabadha Uranus, halka [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'' ay Aphrodite ka dhigeyso gabadha Zeus iyo Dione.<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Iliad|Il.]]'', Book V.</ref> Qof ka hadlaya [[Plato]]'s ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in ay ahaayeen laba qof oo kala duwan: [[Aphrodite#Aphrodite Ourania and Aphrodite Pandemos|Aphrodite Ourania iyo Aphrodite Pandemos]].<ref>[[Plato]], ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' 180e.</ref>}} Sida uu qabo buugga ''[[Theogony]]'', xaaskii ugu horreysay ee Zeus waxay aheyd [[Metis (mythology)|Metis]], taas oo ay u dhashay [[Athena]].<ref name=":hsdm">[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:886-900 886]{{ndash}}900.</ref> Zeus wuxuu kaloo caan ku ahaa loolankiisa jacaylka. Kuwaas waxaa ka dhashay carruur badan oo ilaahyo iyo geesiyaal ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Apollo]], [[Artemis]], [[Hermes]], [[Persephone]], [[Dionysus]], [[Perseus]], [[Heracles]], [[Helen of Troy]], [[Minos]], iyo [[Muse|Muusasyada]].<ref name="Hamilton1942"/> Waa lixleeyey oo loo tixgeliyey sida aabbaha samada oo ahaa madaxa ilaahyada<ref>[[Homeric Hymns]].</ref> una qaybiyey hawlaha kuwa kale:<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]''.</ref> "Xataa ilaahyada aan ahayn carruurtiisa dabiiciga ah waxay ugu yeeraan Aabbe, dhammaan ilaahyaduna way kacaan joogitaankiisa."<ref>[[Walter Burkert|Burkert]], ''Greek Religion''.</ref><ref>Fiiri, tusaale ahaan, [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad|Il.]]'', I.503 & 533.</ref> Waxaa loo [[interpretatio graeca|dhigmiyay]] ilaahyo badan oo shisheeye ah oo ah [[weather god|cimilada]], taas oo u oggolaatay [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] in uu xuso "In Zeus uu yahay boqor Jannada waa hadal ay wadaagaan dhammaan ragga".<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.24.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160 2.24.4].</ref> Calaamadaha lagu yaqaan waxaa ka mid ah [[thunderbolt|hillaaca]] iyo [[eagle|gorgorka]].<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', s.v. Zeus.</ref> Marka laga reebo dhaxalkiisa [[Dyeus|Hindo-Yurub ]], "ururiyaha daruuraha" ee qadiimiga ah ([[Greek language|Giriig]]: {{lang|grc|Νεφεληγερέτα}}, {{transliteration|grc|Nephelēgereta}})<ref>{{LSJ|nefelhgere/ta^|Νεφεληγερέτα|ref}}.</ref> wuxuu sidoo kale ka soo qaataa sifooyin iconographic ah dhaqamada [[ancient Near East|Bariga Dhexe ee Hore]], sida [[scepter|usha boqortooyada]]. Gudaha [[ancient Rome|Rome-tii hore]], Zeus waxaa lagu tilmaamay Ilaaha [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]]. == Magaca == Magaca Ilaaha ee kiiska magacaabista waa {{lang|grc|Ζεύς}} (''Zeús''). Waa sida soo socota: [[vocative|yeerid]]: {{lang|grc|Ζεῦ}} (''{{Lang|grc-Latn|Zeû}}''); [[accusative|eedayn]]: {{lang|grc|Δία}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|Día}}); [[genitive|hidde]]: {{lang|grc|Διός}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|Diós}}); [[dative|dhiib]]: {{lang|grc|Διί}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|Dií}}). [[Diogenes Laërtius]] wuxuu soo xiganayaa [[Pherecydes of Syros]] isaga oo higgaadinaya magaca {{lang|grc|Ζάς}}.<ref name="DioL1.11">{{cite book |title=Lives of Eminent Philosophers |first=Diogenes |last=Laërtius |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0258%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D11 |chapter=1.11 |editor1-first=R. D. |editor1-last=Hicks |date=1972 |orig-date=1925}} {{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0257%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D11 |title=Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers |chapter=1.11 |language=el}}</ref> Noocyada ugu horreeya ee la xaqiijiyay ee magaca waa [[Mycenaean Greek|Giriigga Mycenaean]] {{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀇𐀸}}}}, ''di-we'' (dative) iyo {{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀇𐀺}}}}, ''di-wo'', oo lagu qoray qoraalka [[Linear B]] syllabic.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Linear B word di-we |url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16703}} {{cite web |title=The Linear B word di-wo |url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16635 |website=Palaeolexicon: Word study tool of Ancient languages}}</ref> ''Zeus'' waa sii wadashada Giriigga ee ''[[*Dyēus]]'', magaca [[Proto-Indo-European religion|diinta Proto-Indo-European]] ee Ilaaha samada maalintii, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan {{lang|ine-x-proto|Dyeus ph₂tēr}} ("Aabbaha Samada").<ref name="Zeus">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Zeus |title=American Heritage Dictionary |chapter=Zeus |access-date=3 July 2006}}</ref><ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', [[Brill Publishers]], 2009, p. 499.</ref> Ilaaha waxaa lagu garanayaa magacan gudaha ''[[Rigvedic deities|Rigveda]]'' ([[Vedic Sanskrit|Sanskrit-ka Vedic]] ''[[Dyaus Pita|Dyaus/Dyaus Pita]]''), [[Latin|Laatiin]] (barbardhig ''[[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]]'', oo ka yimid ''Iuppiter'', oo ka soo jeeda [[Proto-Indo-European]] vocative {{lang|ine-x-proto|dyeu-ph₂tēr}}),<ref>{{OEtymD|Jupiter}}</ref> oo ka soo jeeda [[PIE root|xididka]] *''dyeu''- ("in uu dhalaaliyo", iyo noocyadiisa badan, "samada, jannada, ilaah").<ref name="Zeus"/> Af-Albanian {{lang|sq|[[Zojz (deity)|Zoj-z]]}} iyo Af-Messapic {{lang|cms|[[Zis (deity)|Zis]]}} waa kuwo si cad u siman oo la mid ah Zeus. Noocyada Giriigga, Albania, iyo Messapic, kooxda asalka ah ''*di̯'' waxay soo martay isbeddel ku yimid ''*dz''.<ref name="Hyllested&Joseph">{{cite book |last1=Hyllested |first1=Adam |last2=Joseph |first2=Brian D. |editor1-last=Olander |editor1-first=Thomas |title=The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective |date=2022 |doi=10.1017/9781108758666 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781108758666 |chapter=Albanian |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xzKAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA223 |page=232 |s2cid=161016819 |url=https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/143059 }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Søborg |first=Tobias Mosbæk |title=Sigmatic Verbal Formations in Anatolian and Indo-European: A Cladistic Study |publisher=[[University of Copenhagen]], Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics |date=2020 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EzBdzgEACAAJ |page=74}}.</ref> Zeus waa Ilaaha kaliya ee ku jira [[pantheon (gods)|pantheon]] Olympic kaas oo magaciisu leeyahay etymology Indo-European ah oo cad.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burkert |title=Greek Religion |date=1985 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/321 321] |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=0-674-36280-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/321}}</ref> [[Plato]], buugiisa [[Cratylus (dialogue)|''Cratylus'']], wuxuu bixiyaa etymology caan ah oo Zeus ah oo macnaheedu yahay "sababta nolosha mar walba dhammaan waxyaalaha", sababtoo ah kaftanka u dhexeeya cinwaannada kale ee Zeus (''Zen'' iyo ''Dia'') iyo erayada Giriigga ee nolosha iyo "sababtoo ah".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ceOQKf0ZvFMC "Plato's ''Cratylus''{{-"}}] by Plato, ed. by David Sedley, Cambridge University Press, 6 November 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ceOQKf0ZvFMC&dq=Plato's%20Cratylus&pg=PA91 p. 91]</ref> Etymology-gan, iyo habka Plato ee soo saarista etymologies, ma taageeraan aqoonyahannada casriga ah.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/makersofhellascr00geej/mode/2up|pages=[https://archive.org/details/makersofhellascr00geej/mode/2up/page/n303/mode/2up?view=theater 554–555]|title=The Makers of Hellas|publisher=C. Griffin, Limited |last1=Jevons |first1=Frank Byron|year=1903}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o1xn5Bb-CacC|title=Limiting the Arbitrary|isbn=1556197497|last1=Joseph|first1=John Earl|year=2000|publisher=John Benjamins }}</ref> [[Diodorus Siculus]] wuxuu qoray in Zeus sidoo kale loogu yeero Zen, sababtoo ah dadku waxay rumeysnaayeen in uu ahaa sababta nolosha (zen).<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5.72|title=Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Books I-V, book 5, chapter 72|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Halka [[Lactantius]] uu qoray in loogu yeeray Zeus iyo Zen, ma aha sababtoo ah waa bixiyaha nolosha, laakiin waa sababtoo ah wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee noolaa carruurtii [[Cronus]].<ref>[[Lactantius]], ''Divine Institutes'' [https://topostext.org/work/543#1.11.1 1.11.1].</ref> Zeus waxaa loogu yeeray magacyo kale oo badan ama magacyo qoys, oo loo yaqaan [[epithet|tilmaamo ama naanayso]]. Qaar ka mid ah tilmaamahan waa magacyada soo hadhay ee ilaahyada maxalliga ah kuwaas oo lagu mideeyey khuraafaadka Zeus.<ref name=Hewitt1908 /> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 923pg56884izi132hglrydlyvtrxg87 309931 309930 2026-10-01T13:39:49Z ~2026-52577-44 47642 309931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zeus''' ({{IPAc-en|zj|u:|s}}, {{Langx|grc|Ζεύς}}){{efn|[[Attic Greek|Attic]]–{{langx|grc-x-ionic|[[wikt:Ζεύς|Ζεύς]]|Zeús}} {{IPA|grc|zděu̯s|label=Attic–Ionic Greek:}} or {{IPA|grc|dzěu̯s|}}, {{IPA|grc-x-koine|zeʍs}}, {{IPA|el|zefs|label=Modern Greek pronunciation:}}; {{langx|grc|Δῐός|''Diós''|label=[[Genitive case|genitive]]}} {{IPA|grc|di.ós|}}<br>[[Aeolic Greek|Boeotian Aeolic]] and [[Doric Greek#Laconian|Laconian]] {{langx|grc-x-doric|Δεύς|Deús}} {{IPA|grc-x-doric|děu̯s|lang}}; {{langx|grc|Δέος|''Déos''|label=[[Genitive case|genitive]]}} {{IPA|grc|dé.os|}}<br />{{langx|el|Δίας|''Días''}} {{IPA|el|ˈði.as̠|label=Modern Greek:}}}} waa Ilaaha ugu sarreeya ay aaminsan yihiin ee [[List of Greek deities|pantheon-ka Giriigga]]. Waa Ilaah samada ([[sky father|Aabbaha samada]]) iyo Ilaaha hillaaca ([[ilaah onkod]]) ee [[ancient Greek religion|diinta Giriigga ee hore]] iyo [[Greek mythology|khuraafaadka Giriigga]], kaas oo u xukuma sida [[king of the gods|boqorka ilaahyada]] dusha [[Mount Olympus|Buur Olympus]]. Zeus waa wiilka ay dhaleen [[Cronus]] iyo [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]. Dhaqamada badankood, waxaa uu u dhaxeeyaa [[Hera]], taas oo ay badanaa dhashay [[Ares]], [[Eileithyia]], [[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]], iyo [[Hephaestus]].<ref name="Hamilton1942">{{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Edith|title=Mythology |publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company|Back Bay Books]] |location=New York |date=1942 |edition=1998 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mythologytimeles00hami_1/page/467 467] |isbn=978-0-316-34114-1 |url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mythologytimeles00hami_1/page/467}}</ref><ref name=":h79">Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> Xarumaha [[oracle|la-tashiga]] ee [[Dodona]], xaaskiisa waxaa la oran jiray in ay aheyd [[Dione (Titaness/Oceanid)|Dione]],<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/zeus-e12216820 s.v. Zeus].</ref> taas oo uu buugga ''[[Iliad]]'' sheegayo in uu ka dhalay [[Aphrodite]].{{refn|name="aphrodite"|Waxaa jira laba sheeko oo waaweyn oo is khilaafaya oo ku saabsan halka ay ka soo jeedo Aphrodite: [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'' waxay sheeganeysaa in ay ku dhalatay xumbadii badda ka dib markii Cronus uu qalay Uranus, taas oo ka dhigaysa gabadha Uranus, halka [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'' ay Aphrodite ka dhigeyso gabadha Zeus iyo Dione.<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Iliad|Il.]]'', Book V.</ref> Qof ka hadlaya [[Plato]]'s ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in ay ahaayeen laba qof oo kala duwan: [[Aphrodite#Aphrodite Ourania and Aphrodite Pandemos|Aphrodite Ourania iyo Aphrodite Pandemos]].<ref>[[Plato]], ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' 180e.</ref>}} Sida uu qabo buugga ''[[Theogony]]'', xaaskii ugu horreysay ee Zeus waxay aheyd [[Metis (mythology)|Metis]], taas oo ay u dhashay [[Athena]].<ref name=":hsdm">[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:886-900 886]{{ndash}}900.</ref> Zeus wuxuu kaloo caan ku ahaa loolankiisa jacaylka. Kuwaas waxaa ka dhashay carruur badan oo ilaahyo iyo geesiyaal ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Apollo]], [[Artemis]], [[Hermes]], [[Persephone]], [[Dionysus]], [[Perseus]], [[Heracles]], [[Helen of Troy]], [[Minos]], iyo [[Muse|Muusasyada]].<ref name="Hamilton1942"/> Waa lixleeyey oo loo tixgeliyey sida aabbaha samada oo ahaa madaxa ilaahyada<ref>[[Homeric Hymns]].</ref> una qaybiyey hawlaha kuwa kale:<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]''.</ref> "Xataa Ilaahyada aan ahayn carruurtiisa dabiiciga ah waxay ugu yeeraan Aabbe, dhammaan ilaahyaduna way kacaan joogitaankiisa."<ref>[[Walter Burkert|Burkert]], ''Greek Religion''.</ref><ref>Fiiri, tusaale ahaan, [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad|Il.]]'', I.503 & 533.</ref> Waxaa loo [[interpretatio graeca|dhigmiyay]] ilaahyo badan oo shisheeye ah oo ah [[weather god|cimilada]], taas oo u oggolaatay [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] in uu xuso "In Zeus uu yahay boqor Jannada waa hadal ay wadaagaan dhammaan ragga".<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.24.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160 2.24.4].</ref> Calaamadaha lagu yaqaan waxaa ka mid ah [[thunderbolt|hillaaca]] iyo [[eagle|gorgorka]].<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', s.v. Zeus.</ref> Marka laga reebo dhaxalkiisa [[Dyeus|Hindo-Yurub ]], "ururiyaha daruuraha" ee qadiimiga ah ([[Greek language|Giriig]]: {{lang|grc|Νεφεληγερέτα}}, {{transliteration|grc|Nephelēgereta}})<ref>{{LSJ|nefelhgere/ta^|Νεφεληγερέτα|ref}}.</ref> wuxuu sidoo kale ka soo qaataa sifooyin iconographic ah dhaqamada [[ancient Near East|Bariga Dhexe ee Hore]], sida [[scepter|usha boqortooyada]]. Gudaha [[ancient Rome|Rome-tii hore]], Zeus waxaa lagu tilmaamay Ilaaha [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]]. == Magaca == Magaca Ilaaha ee kiiska magacaabista waa {{lang|grc|Ζεύς}} (''Zeús''). Waa sida soo socota: [[vocative|yeerid]]: {{lang|grc|Ζεῦ}} (''{{Lang|grc-Latn|Zeû}}''); [[accusative|eedayn]]: {{lang|grc|Δία}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|Día}}); [[genitive|hidde]]: {{lang|grc|Διός}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|Diós}}); [[dative|dhiib]]: {{lang|grc|Διί}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|Dií}}). [[Diogenes Laërtius]] wuxuu soo xiganayaa [[Pherecydes of Syros]] isaga oo higgaadinaya magaca {{lang|grc|Ζάς}}.<ref name="DioL1.11">{{cite book |title=Lives of Eminent Philosophers |first=Diogenes |last=Laërtius |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0258%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D11 |chapter=1.11 |editor1-first=R. D. |editor1-last=Hicks |date=1972 |orig-date=1925}} {{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0257%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D11 |title=Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers |chapter=1.11 |language=el}}</ref> Noocyada ugu horreeya ee la xaqiijiyay ee magaca waa [[Mycenaean Greek|Giriigga Mycenaean]] {{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀇𐀸}}}}, ''di-we'' (dative) iyo {{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀇𐀺}}}}, ''di-wo'', oo lagu qoray qoraalka [[Linear B]] syllabic.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Linear B word di-we |url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16703}} {{cite web |title=The Linear B word di-wo |url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16635 |website=Palaeolexicon: Word study tool of Ancient languages}}</ref> ''Zeus'' waa sii wadashada Giriigga ee ''[[*Dyēus]]'', magaca [[Proto-Indo-European religion|diinta Proto-Indo-European]] ee Ilaaha samada maalintii, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan {{lang|ine-x-proto|Dyeus ph₂tēr}} ("Aabbaha Samada").<ref name="Zeus">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Zeus |title=American Heritage Dictionary |chapter=Zeus |access-date=3 July 2006}}</ref><ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', [[Brill Publishers]], 2009, p. 499.</ref> Ilaaha waxaa lagu garanayaa magacan gudaha ''[[Rigvedic deities|Rigveda]]'' ([[Vedic Sanskrit|Sanskrit-ka Vedic]] ''[[Dyaus Pita|Dyaus/Dyaus Pita]]''), [[Latin|Laatiin]] (barbardhig ''[[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]]'', oo ka yimid ''Iuppiter'', oo ka soo jeeda [[Proto-Indo-European]] vocative {{lang|ine-x-proto|dyeu-ph₂tēr}}),<ref>{{OEtymD|Jupiter}}</ref> oo ka soo jeeda [[PIE root|xididka]] *''dyeu''- ("in uu dhalaaliyo", iyo noocyadiisa badan, "samada, jannada, ilaah").<ref name="Zeus"/> Af-Albanian {{lang|sq|[[Zojz (deity)|Zoj-z]]}} iyo Af-Messapic {{lang|cms|[[Zis (deity)|Zis]]}} waa kuwo si cad u siman oo la mid ah Zeus. Noocyada Giriigga, Albania, iyo Messapic, kooxda asalka ah ''*di̯'' waxay soo martay isbeddel ku yimid ''*dz''.<ref name="Hyllested&Joseph">{{cite book |last1=Hyllested |first1=Adam |last2=Joseph |first2=Brian D. |editor1-last=Olander |editor1-first=Thomas |title=The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective |date=2022 |doi=10.1017/9781108758666 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781108758666 |chapter=Albanian |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xzKAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA223 |page=232 |s2cid=161016819 |url=https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/143059 }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Søborg |first=Tobias Mosbæk |title=Sigmatic Verbal Formations in Anatolian and Indo-European: A Cladistic Study |publisher=[[University of Copenhagen]], Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics |date=2020 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EzBdzgEACAAJ |page=74}}.</ref> Zeus waa Ilaaha kaliya ee ku jira [[pantheon (gods)|pantheon]] Olympic kaas oo magaciisu leeyahay etymology Indo-European ah oo cad.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burkert |title=Greek Religion |date=1985 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/321 321] |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=0-674-36280-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/321}}</ref> [[Plato]], buugiisa [[Cratylus (dialogue)|''Cratylus'']], wuxuu bixiyaa etymology caan ah oo Zeus ah oo macnaheedu yahay "sababta nolosha mar walba dhammaan waxyaalaha", sababtoo ah kaftanka u dhexeeya cinwaannada kale ee Zeus (''Zen'' iyo ''Dia'') iyo erayada Giriigga ee nolosha iyo "sababtoo ah".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ceOQKf0ZvFMC "Plato's ''Cratylus''{{-"}}] by Plato, ed. by David Sedley, Cambridge University Press, 6 November 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ceOQKf0ZvFMC&dq=Plato's%20Cratylus&pg=PA91 p. 91]</ref> Etymology-gan, iyo habka Plato ee soo saarista etymologies, ma taageeraan aqoonyahannada casriga ah.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/makersofhellascr00geej/mode/2up|pages=[https://archive.org/details/makersofhellascr00geej/mode/2up/page/n303/mode/2up?view=theater 554–555]|title=The Makers of Hellas|publisher=C. Griffin, Limited |last1=Jevons |first1=Frank Byron|year=1903}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o1xn5Bb-CacC|title=Limiting the Arbitrary|isbn=1556197497|last1=Joseph|first1=John Earl|year=2000|publisher=John Benjamins }}</ref> [[Diodorus Siculus]] wuxuu qoray in Zeus sidoo kale loogu yeero Zen, sababtoo ah dadku waxay rumeysnaayeen in uu ahaa sababta nolosha (zen).<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5.72|title=Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Books I-V, book 5, chapter 72|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Halka [[Lactantius]] uu qoray in loogu yeeray Zeus iyo Zen, ma aha sababtoo ah waa bixiyaha nolosha, laakiin waa sababtoo ah wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee noolaa carruurtii [[Cronus]].<ref>[[Lactantius]], ''Divine Institutes'' [https://topostext.org/work/543#1.11.1 1.11.1].</ref> Zeus waxaa loogu yeeray magacyo kale oo badan ama magacyo qoys, oo loo yaqaan [[epithet|tilmaamo ama naanayso]]. Qaar ka mid ah tilmaamahan waa magacyada soo hadhay ee ilaahyada maxalliga ah kuwaas oo lagu mideeyey khuraafaadka Zeus.<ref name=Hewitt1908 /> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} rlzyoi09eh6qi6ea0pak41jf3u2anol 309937 309931 2026-10-02T04:11:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 309937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zeus''' ({{IPAc-en|zj|u:|s}}, {{Langx|grc|Ζεύς}}){{efn|[[Attic Greek|Attic]]–{{langx|grc-x-ionic|[[wikt:Ζεύς|Ζεύς]]|Zeús}} {{IPA|grc|zděu̯s|label=Attic–Ionic Greek:}} or {{IPA|grc|dzěu̯s|}}, {{IPA|grc-x-koine|zeʍs}}, {{IPA|el|zefs|label=Modern Greek pronunciation:}}; {{langx|grc|Δῐός|''Diós''|label=[[Genitive case|genitive]]}} {{IPA|grc|di.ós|}}<br>[[Aeolic Greek|Boeotian Aeolic]] and [[Doric Greek#Laconian|Laconian]] {{langx|grc-x-doric|Δεύς|Deús}} {{IPA|grc-x-doric|děu̯s|lang}}; {{langx|grc|Δέος|''Déos''|label=[[Genitive case|genitive]]}} {{IPA|grc|dé.os|}}<br />{{langx|el|Δίας|''Días''}} {{IPA|el|ˈði.as̠|label=Modern Greek:}}}} waa Ilaaha ugu sarreeya ay aaminsan yihiin ee [[List of Greek deities|pantheon-ka Giriigga]]. Waa Ilaah samada ([[sky father|Aabbaha samada]]) iyo Ilaaha hillaaca ([[ilaah onkod]]) ee [[ancient Greek religion|diinta Giriigga ee hore]] iyo [[Greek mythology|khuraafaadka Giriigga]], kaas oo u xukuma sida [[king of the gods|boqorka ilaahyada]] dusha [[Mount Olympus|Buur Olympus]]. Zeus waa wiilka ay dhaleen [[Cronus]] iyo [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]. Dhaqamada badankood, waxaa uu u dhaxeeyaa [[Hera]], taas oo ay badanaa dhashay [[Ares]], [[Eileithyia]], [[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]], iyo [[Hephaestus]].<ref name="Hamilton1942">{{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Edith|title=Mythology |publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company|Back Bay Books]] |location=New York |date=1942 |edition=1998 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mythologytimeles00hami_1/page/467 467] |isbn=978-0-316-34114-1 |url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mythologytimeles00hami_1/page/467}}</ref><ref name=":h79">Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> Xarumaha [[oracle|la-tashiga]] ee [[Dodona]], xaaskiisa waxaa la oran jiray in ay aheyd [[Dione (Titaness/Oceanid)|Dione]],<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/zeus-e12216820 s.v. Zeus].</ref> taas oo uu buugga ''[[Iliad]]'' sheegayo in uu ka dhalay [[Aphrodite]].{{refn|name="aphrodite"|Waxaa jira laba sheeko oo waaweyn oo is khilaafaya oo ku saabsan halka ay ka soo jeedo Aphrodite: [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'' waxay sheeganeysaa in ay ku dhalatay xumbadii badda ka dib markii Cronus uu qalay Uranus, taas oo ka dhigaysa gabadha Uranus, halka [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'' ay Aphrodite ka dhigeyso gabadha Zeus iyo Dione.<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Iliad|Il.]]'', Book V.</ref> Qof ka hadlaya [[Plato]]'s ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in ay ahaayeen laba qof oo kala duwan: [[Aphrodite#Aphrodite Ourania and Aphrodite Pandemos|Aphrodite Ourania iyo Aphrodite Pandemos]].<ref>[[Plato]], ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' 180e.</ref>}} Sida uu qabo buugga ''[[Theogony]]'', xaaskii ugu horreysay ee Zeus waxay aheyd [[Metis (mythology)|Metis]], taas oo ay u dhashay [[Athena]].<ref name=":hsdm">[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:886-900 886]{{ndash}}900.</ref> Zeus wuxuu kaloo caan ku ahaa loolankiisa jacaylka. Kuwaas waxaa ka dhashay carruur badan oo ilaahyo iyo geesiyaal ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Apollo]], [[Artemis]], [[Hermes]], [[Persephone]], [[Dionysus]], [[Perseus]], [[Heracles]], [[Helen of Troy]], [[Minos]], iyo [[Muse|Muusasyada]].<ref name="Hamilton1942"/> Waa lixleeyey oo loo tixgeliyey sida aabbaha samada oo ahaa madaxa ilaahyada<ref>[[Homeric Hymns]].</ref> una qaybiyey hawlaha kuwa kale:<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]''.</ref> "Xataa Ilaahyada aan ahayn carruurtiisa dabiiciga ah waxay ugu yeeraan Aabbe, dhammaan ilaahyaduna way kacaan joogitaankiisa."<ref>[[Walter Burkert|Burkert]], ''Greek Religion''.</ref><ref>Fiiri, tusaale ahaan, [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad|Il.]]'', I.503 & 533.</ref> Waxaa loo [[interpretatio graeca|dhigmiyay]] ilaahyo badan oo shisheeye ah oo ah [[weather god|cimilada]], taas oo u oggolaatay [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] in uu xuso "In Zeus uu yahay boqor Jannada waa hadal ay wadaagaan dhammaan ragga".<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+2.24.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160 2.24.4].</ref> Calaamadaha lagu yaqaan waxaa ka mid ah [[thunderbolt|hillaaca]] iyo [[eagle|gorgorka]].<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', s.v. Zeus.</ref> Marka laga reebo dhaxalkiisa [[Dyeus|Hindo-Yurub ]], "ururiyaha daruuraha" ee qadiimiga ah ([[Greek language|Giriig]]: {{lang|grc|Νεφεληγερέτα}}, {{transliteration|grc|Nephelēgereta}})<ref>{{LSJ|nefelhgere/ta^|Νεφεληγερέτα|ref}}.</ref> wuxuu sidoo kale ka soo qaataa sifooyin iconographic ah dhaqamada [[ancient Near East|Bariga Dhexe ee Hore]], sida [[scepter|usha boqortooyada]]. Gudaha [[ancient Rome|Rome-tii hore]], Zeus waxaa lagu tilmaamay Ilaaha [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]]. == Magaca == Magaca Ilaaha ee kiiska magacaabista waa {{lang|grc|Ζεύς}} (''Zeús''). Waa sida soo socota: [[vocative|yeerid]]: {{lang|grc|Ζεῦ}} (''{{Lang|grc-Latn|Zeû}}''); [[accusative|eedayn]]: {{lang|grc|Δία}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|Día}}); [[genitive|hidde]]: {{lang|grc|Διός}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|Diós}}); [[dative|dhiib]]: {{lang|grc|Διί}} ({{Lang|grc-Latn|Dií}}). [[Diogenes Laërtius]] wuxuu soo xiganayaa [[Pherecydes of Syros]] isaga oo higgaadinaya magaca {{lang|grc|Ζάς}}.<ref name="DioL1.11">{{cite book |title=Lives of Eminent Philosophers |first=Diogenes |last=Laërtius |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0258%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D11 |chapter=1.11 |editor1-first=R. D. |editor1-last=Hicks |date=1972 |orig-date=1925}} {{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0257%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D11 |title=Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers |chapter=1.11 |language=el}}</ref> Noocyada ugu horreeya ee la xaqiijiyay ee magaca waa [[Mycenaean Greek|Giriigga Mycenaean]] {{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀇𐀸}}}}, ''di-we'' (dative) iyo {{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀇𐀺}}}}, ''di-wo'', oo lagu qoray qoraalka [[Linear B]] syllabic.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Linear B word di-we |url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16703}} {{cite web |title=The Linear B word di-wo |url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=16635 |website=Palaeolexicon: Word study tool of Ancient languages}}</ref> ''Zeus'' waa sii wadashada Giriigga ee ''[[*Dyēus]]'', magaca [[Proto-Indo-European religion|diinta Proto-Indo-European]] ee Ilaaha samada maalintii, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan {{lang|ine-x-proto|Dyeus ph₂tēr}} ("Aabbaha Samada").<ref name="Zeus">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Zeus |title=American Heritage Dictionary |chapter=Zeus |access-date=3 July 2006}}</ref><ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', [[Brill Publishers]], 2009, p. 499.</ref> Ilaaha waxaa lagu garanayaa magacan gudaha ''[[Rigvedic deities|Rigveda]]'' ([[Vedic Sanskrit|Sanskrit-ka Vedic]] ''[[Dyaus Pita|Dyaus/Dyaus Pita]]''), [[Latin|Laatiin]] (barbardhig ''[[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]]'', oo ka yimid ''Iuppiter'', oo ka soo jeeda [[Proto-Indo-European]] vocative {{lang|ine-x-proto|dyeu-ph₂tēr}}),<ref>{{OEtymD|Jupiter}}</ref> oo ka soo jeeda [[PIE root|xididka]] *''dyeu''- ("in uu dhalaaliyo", iyo noocyadiisa badan, "samada, jannada, ilaah").<ref name="Zeus"/> Af-Albanian {{lang|sq|[[Zojz (deity)|Zoj-z]]}} iyo Af-Messapic {{lang|cms|[[Zis (deity)|Zis]]}} waa kuwo si cad u siman oo la mid ah Zeus. Noocyada Giriigga, Albania, iyo Messapic, kooxda asalka ah ''*di̯'' waxay soo martay isbeddel ku yimid ''*dz''.<ref name="Hyllested&Joseph">{{cite book |last1=Hyllested |first1=Adam |last2=Joseph |first2=Brian D. |editor1-last=Olander |editor1-first=Thomas |title=The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective |date=2022 |doi=10.1017/9781108758666 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781108758666 |chapter=Albanian |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xzKAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA223 |page=232 |s2cid=161016819 |url=https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/143059 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251126131443/https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/143059 |archive-date=2025-11-26 |access-date=2026-09-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Søborg |first=Tobias Mosbæk |title=Sigmatic Verbal Formations in Anatolian and Indo-European: A Cladistic Study |publisher=[[University of Copenhagen]], Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics |date=2020 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EzBdzgEACAAJ |page=74}}.</ref> Zeus waa Ilaaha kaliya ee ku jira [[pantheon (gods)|pantheon]] Olympic kaas oo magaciisu leeyahay etymology Indo-European ah oo cad.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burkert |title=Greek Religion |date=1985 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/321 321] |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=0-674-36280-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/321}}</ref> [[Plato]], buugiisa [[Cratylus (dialogue)|''Cratylus'']], wuxuu bixiyaa etymology caan ah oo Zeus ah oo macnaheedu yahay "sababta nolosha mar walba dhammaan waxyaalaha", sababtoo ah kaftanka u dhexeeya cinwaannada kale ee Zeus (''Zen'' iyo ''Dia'') iyo erayada Giriigga ee nolosha iyo "sababtoo ah".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ceOQKf0ZvFMC "Plato's ''Cratylus''{{-"}}] by Plato, ed. by David Sedley, Cambridge University Press, 6 November 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ceOQKf0ZvFMC&dq=Plato's%20Cratylus&pg=PA91 p. 91]</ref> Etymology-gan, iyo habka Plato ee soo saarista etymologies, ma taageeraan aqoonyahannada casriga ah.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/makersofhellascr00geej/mode/2up|pages=[https://archive.org/details/makersofhellascr00geej/mode/2up/page/n303/mode/2up?view=theater 554–555]|title=The Makers of Hellas|publisher=C. Griffin, Limited |last1=Jevons |first1=Frank Byron|year=1903}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o1xn5Bb-CacC|title=Limiting the Arbitrary|isbn=1556197497|last1=Joseph|first1=John Earl|year=2000|publisher=John Benjamins }}</ref> [[Diodorus Siculus]] wuxuu qoray in Zeus sidoo kale loogu yeero Zen, sababtoo ah dadku waxay rumeysnaayeen in uu ahaa sababta nolosha (zen).<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.perseus-grc1:5.72|title=Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Books I-V, book 5, chapter 72|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Halka [[Lactantius]] uu qoray in loogu yeeray Zeus iyo Zen, ma aha sababtoo ah waa bixiyaha nolosha, laakiin waa sababtoo ah wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee noolaa carruurtii [[Cronus]].<ref>[[Lactantius]], ''Divine Institutes'' [https://topostext.org/work/543#1.11.1 1.11.1].</ref> Zeus waxaa loogu yeeray magacyo kale oo badan ama magacyo qoys, oo loo yaqaan [[epithet|tilmaamo ama naanayso]]. Qaar ka mid ah tilmaamahan waa magacyada soo hadhay ee ilaahyada maxalliga ah kuwaas oo lagu mideeyey khuraafaadka Zeus.<ref name=Hewitt1908 /> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} orl48rl12ykeqyzudtmlvvrnq934xys 0 31217 309932 218425 2026-10-01T22:50:14Z Raippa-Valli 47663 309932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wargelin|Qoraalka bogan waa mid uqoran si qaab daran. Fadlan naga caawi balaarinta.}} [[File:Denis Sassou Nguesso 2014.jpg|thumb|Denis Sassou Nguesso (2014)]] '''Denis Sassou Nguesso''' (wuxuu dhashey 23 Noofambar 1943) waa siyaasi reer Kongo ah oo isagu ahaa Madaxweynaha jamhuuriga Kongo ilaa 1997. Wuxuu horey u ahaa Madaxweye 1979 ilaa 1992. Xisbiga Shaqaalaha ee Kongo (PCT) muddo 12 sano ah. Cadaadis ka yimid ilo caalami ah, wuxuu soo saaray siyaasad axsaab badan 1990 ka dibna waxaa laga xayuubiyay awoodaha fulinta shirweynihii qaran ee 1991, isaga oo xafiiska sii hayey isagoo ah madaxa xafladda. Wuxuu u taagnaa sidii murashax doorashadii madaxweynenimada ee 1992 laakiin waa laga adkaaday isagoo kaalinta saddexaad galay. Sassou Nguesso wuxuu ahaa hogaamiye mucaarad shan sano ka hor inta uusan xukunka kusoo laaban dagaalkii labaad ee sokeeye (1997 --1999), kaas oo xoogaggiisa mucaaradka ay xukunka ka tuureen Madaxweyne Pascal Lissouba. Xilligii ku meelgaarka ahaa kadib, wuxuu ku guuleystey doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2002, taasoo ay ku lug lahaayeen kaqeybgal hoose oo mucaaradka; mar labaad ayaa loo doortay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2009. Soo saarista dastuur cusub, oo afti loo qaaday sanadkii 2015, ayaa u suurta gelisay Sassou Nguesso in uu isu taago muddo kale. Waxaa mar labaad loo doortay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2016 iyadoo aqlabiyad wareegii koowaad la qabtay. Sassou Nguesso waxaa taageeraya xisbiyo siyaasadeed oo kala duwan, oo ugu muhiimsan PCT. Waa Madaxweynaha Golaha Dhexe ee PCT. Bishii Oktoobar 2021, Denis Sassou N'Guesso ayaa lagu sheegay fadeexadda "Waraaqaha Pandora". Inter African Investment ayaa la sheegay inay ka diiwaan gashan tahay jasiiradaha British Virgin Islands, oo ah goob canshuureed oo Caribbean ah. Denis Sassou N'Guesso ayaa beeniyay in ururku yahay dukumiintiyo. [[Category:Gumud]] {{gumud}} ecnnnomq0e8xee8q80yvl4zc1b3nzr0 0 36427 309936 309881 2026-10-02T03:16:06Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 309936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dawalada salaajiqada ruum''' afka carabiga: ('''دَوْلَةُ سَلَاجِقَةِ الرُّومِ)''' afka faarisiga (دولت سلجوقیان روم) waa dowlad islaami ah oo ka jirtay dhulka [[Anatooliya|anadool]] intii u dhaxeesay 1077 ilaa 1308 waxeyna ka go'day [[salaajiqada waaween]] {{Infobox Former Country |conventional_long_name=Salaajiqada ruum |native_name= |continent=آسیا |region=آناطولی |image_coat=SelcukluKartali2.png |image_flag=Flag of Sultanate of Rum.svg |flag_type=Gorgorka waxaa loo adgeesan jiray astaanta calanka salaajiqada ruum |year_start=1077 |year_end=1307 |p1=Salaajiqada waaween |flag_p1= |p2=Daanmandiyiinta |flag_p2=Anatolia 1097.svg |p3=Mankuujiyiinta |flag_p3= |p4=Banuu saldaaq |flag_p4= |p5=Artaqiyiin |flag_p5= |s1=Imaaradaha turkida ee anaadool |flag_s1=Anadolu Beylikleri.png |s2=Cusmaaniyiinta |flag_s2=Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg |s3=Ilkhaaniyiinta |flag_s3=Ilkhanate in 1256–1353.PNG |s4=Armiiniyada yar |flag_s4=Rubenid Flag.svg |<!-- Please do not put the flag-based succession box here: the successor states are far too numerous and none possess verifiable flags. --> |event_start = Aasaasantay |event_end = Burburtay |image_map=Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate.JPG |image_map_size=285px |image_map_caption=Balaarinta dawlada ku dhawaad 1100-1240 |capital=[[Iznik]], [[konya|quunya]], [[siiwaas]] |common_languages=[[Af faarisi]] (rasmi) [[af turki]], [[af giriig]] |title_leader=سلجوقیان روم |leader1=[[Suleymaan bin qutulmush]] |year_leader1=1077-1084 |leader2=[[Mascuud labaad]] |year_leader2=1303-1307 |stat_year1=Sanadkii 1243 |stat_area1=400000 |common_name=Rum}} == Taariiqada == [[Dagaalkii mulaadkarad]] kadib turkida waxay ku soo shubmeen anaadool waxeyna ka qabsadeen [[imbiraadooriyada biriizanda]] magaalooyin badan [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan bin qutulmush]] oo ka tirsan qooska salaajiqada ayeena u doortay amiir asna wuxuu raacsanaa suldaanka [[salaajiqada waaween]] [[Suldaan Malik shaah|malik shaah]] <ref name=":0"><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1= </nowiki>[[ابن الأثير الجزري|ابن الأثير، علي بن مُحمَّد بن عبد الكريم بن عبد الواحد الشيباني الجزري]]|عنوان= الكامل في التاريخ|طبعة= الأولى|صفحة= 393 - 395|سنة= [[1407هـ]] - [[1987]]م|المجلد=الجُزء الثامن|ناشر= دار الكُتُب العلميَّة|مكان= [[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|مسار=https://ia802707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt08.pdf| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20210810074339/https://ia802707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt08.pdf |</ref>, [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan bin qutulmush]] wuxuu sii waday dagaalada oo ku waday biriizanda iyo furashooyinkiisa, [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] oo tabar iska weesay ayaa ogolaatay hishiis waxeyna u aqoonsatay meelihii uu furtay oo ka mid tahay [[niiqiya]] iyo gobolka [[biitiiniya]] <ref name=":1"><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=</nowiki>[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|إصدار=الأولى|صفحة=63|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|</ref> Kadib [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan bin qutulmush]] wuxuu soo aaday [[shaam]] waxa uuna weeraray [[andaakiya]] oo heestay taliye arman ahaa, durba magaalada gacanta ayee u gashay, balse amiirka [[xalab]] [[sharafu dawla]] oo u arkay in Suleymaan damac uga juro magaaladiis ayaa dagaal ku bilaay, suleymaan oo ka jawaabaya ayaa weerar ba'an ku qaaday [[xalab]] duleedka magaalada ayee ku dirireen waxaana ku dhintay dagaalka [[sharafu dawlada]], [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan]] wuxuu filanaayay in magaalada usoo gacan galeeso laakin taas ma dhicin oo dadkii magaalada ayaa daafac galay suldaanka salaajiqada [[Suldaan Malik shaah|malik shaah]] iyo amiirka [[dimishiq]] [[taajudiin tutush]] ayeena gurmad weediisteen, [[taajudiin tutush]] ayaa soo hormaray, waxayna ku dagaalameen asaga iyo [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan]] meel loo yaqaan ceynu saliim 1086 waxaana lagu dilay dagaalka [[suleymaan bin qutulmush]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن القلانسي|ابن القلانسي، أبو يعلى حمزة بن أسد بن علي بن مُحمَّد التميمي]]|عنوان=تاريخ دمشق|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=194|سنة=[[1403هـ]] - [[1983]]م|ناشر=دار حسَّان للطباعة والنشر|مكان=[[دمشق]] - [[سوريا]]|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225230924/https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|</ref> wiilkiisa qilij arsalaan gacanta ayaa lagu dhigay [[asfahaan]] ayaa loo qaaday. dhimashada [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan]] dawlada cusub waxay soo gaarsiisay daciifnimo, dawlada oo ka mid yihiin [[daanishmandiyiinta]] iyo [[mankuujiyiinta]] ayaana ka go'ay dawlada. abul qaasim oo isku dhawaayeen [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan]] ayaa hogaanka dawlada qabtay waxa oona ku guuleestay inuu difaaco weerarada biriizandiyiinta hase ahaatee suldaanka salaajiqada [[Suldaan Malik shaah|Malik shaah]] ayaa amiir [[bursuq]] u soo diray inuu maamulo salaajiqada ruum bursuq ayaa ku fashilmay inuu abulqaasim meesha ka saaro [[malik shaah]] ayaa ku badalay amiir buuzaan oo asna ku guuleesan, abulqaasim wuxuu isku dayayay inuu qanciyo [[Suldaan Malik shaah|Malik shaah]] laakin Natiijo kama keenin, 1092dii ayaana la dilay, [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] Wiilka [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan bin qutulmush]] ayaa dib ugu soo laabtay dawlada waxaana loo doortay suldaan === Weerarka koowaad ee kirishmiska === [[File:Siege de Nicée (1097).jpg|thumb|saliibiyiinta oo go'doominayaan niiqiya caasimadii salaajiqada]] wax yar kama soo wareegin ku fariisahada [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] carshiga waxa uu wajahay weerarkii koowaad ee saliibiga kaas ku baaqay baabaa [[Orabaan labaad|orabaankii labaad]] kadib codsi kaga yimid imbiraadoorkii biriizanda [[aleksiyoos komeniin]], kaas oo dalbaday in laga saacido la dagaalanka muslimiinta, waxaa ka bilaawday [[yurub]] abaabul dagaal lag\u qaado muslimiinta, waxaa loo hormaray koox kirishmis ah oo xamaasadeesan una badnaa rayid aa dagaal wax ka aqoon, waxay socdaan [[Istanbuul|Qusdandiiniya]] ayee soo gaareen way soo talaabeen salaajiqada ayee daadaansi ku bilaabeen balse waa la wada laayay <ref group=""><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=Norwich, John Julius|عنوان=Byzantium: The Decline and Fall|صفحة=33 - 35|سنة=</nowiki>[[1996]]|ناشر=Knopf|لغة=en|مسار=https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=HUpoAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Peter+the+Hermit|isbn=0679416501|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010223807/https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=HUpoAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Peter+the+Hermit|تاريخ أرشيف=10 أكتوبر 2020</ref> in yar oo imbiraadoorka biriizanda badbaadiyay mooyee <ref><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=</nowiki>[[ستيفين رونسيمان|رونسيمان، ستيڤن]]|مؤلف2=ترجمة:نور الدين خليل|عنوان=تاريخ الحملات الصليبيَّة|طبعة=الثانية|المجلد=الجُزء الأوَّل: من كليرمونت إلى أورشليم|صفحة=221 - 224|سنة=[[1998]]|ناشر=[[الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب|الهيئة المصريَّة العامَّة لِلكتاب]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://archive.org/details/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah01/page/n221/mode/2up</ref>, [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] guushaan oo gaaray ka dib wuxuu ka tagay niiqiya asigoona ku mashquulay khilaaf kala dhaxeeyay [[daanishmandiyiinta]] mana ogeen in dagaal xoog badan sugaayo. Sanadkii 1097 ciidanka kirishmiska oo aad u badnaa talyaal sarena hogaaminaayeen ayaa gaaray [[niiqiya]] weyna go'doomiyeen, [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] ayaa durbadii soo laabtay wuxuu isku dayay badbaadinta magaaladiis balse kuma guuleysan, wuxuu aaday buuraha<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[وليم الصوري|الصوري، وليم]]|مؤلف2=ترجمة: د. حسن حبشي|عنوان=الحُرُوب الصليبيَّة|المجلد=الجُزء الأوَّل|صفحة=201 - 205|سنة=[[1991]]|ناشر=[[الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب|الهيئة المصريَّة العامَّة للكتاب]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia903107.us.archive.org/7/items/ktp2019-bskn8450/ktp2019-bskn8450.pdf|مسار{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830214851/https://ia903107.us.archive.org/7/items/ktp2019-bskn8450/ktp2019-bskn8450.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, dadka magaalada ayaa muujiyay difaac daran heer ee kirishmiska ku daalaan, markii dambe [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] ayaa ku caawisay doomo xaga bada, markaas ayee is dhiibeen [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] ayeena u dhiibeen magaalada. [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|Qilij arsalaan]] caasimadiis markuu waayay wuxuu caasimad cusub ka dhintay [[Konya|quunya]], waxa uuna la galay wada hadal [[daanishmandiyiinta]], si loogu midoobo cadawga soo duulaya. Ciidanka kirishmiska gulufkooda ayee sii wateen mar ee maraayeen meel la dhaho doorliim ayee [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] iyo isbahaysiga muslimiinta dagaal kala kulmeen, inkastoo muslimiinta markii hore guuleesteen hadana gurmad u yimid gaalada awgeed waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay dib u baxaan<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=الشارتري، ڤوشيه|مؤلف2=ترجمة: د. زياد العسلي|عنوان=تاريخ الحملة إلى القُدُس 1095 - 1127|صفحة=47 - 50|سنة=[[1990]]|ناشر=دار الشُرُوق لِلنشر والتوزيع|مكان=[[عمان (الأردن)|عمَّان]] - [[الأردن|الأُردُن]]|مسار=https://ia803108.us.archive.org/33/items/ktp2019-bskn11653/ktp2019-bskn11653.pdf|مسار{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225159/https://ia803108.us.archive.org/33/items/ktp2019-bskn11653/ktp2019-bskn11653.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>. Dagaalada kirishmiska waxey ku yeesheen saameyn weyn dawlada waxayna ku weesay dhul badan 20kii sano ee u dambeeyay qabsadeen <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[سعيد عبد الفتاح عاشور|عاشور، سعيد عبد الفتَّاح]]|عنوان=الحركة الصليبيَّة: حركة مُشرِّفة في تاريخ الجهاد الإسلامي في العُصُور الوُسطى|المجلد=الجُزء الأوَّل|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=138 - 139|سنة=2010|ناشر=[[مكتبة الأنجلو المصرية]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|isbn=9770516570|مسار=https://ia600906.us.archive.org/17/items/lis_tar04/lis_tar0409_1.pdf|مسار{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830214843/https://ia600906.us.archive.org/17/items/lis_tar04/lis_tar0409_1.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref> [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|Qilij arsalaan]] ayaa arkay xal inuu qaribo tuulooyinka si kirishmiska sahay uga dhigan <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=88|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>, Weerada kirishmiska waxey u sii gudbeen dhanka [[shaam]], waxayna ka aasaaseen afar imaarado. Dagaalada kirishmiska ayaa kusoo laab laabteen dawlada, [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] wuxuu awooday wixii ka dambeeyay 1101 inuu jabiyo sedex weerar <ref name="هرقلة">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ستيفين رونسيمان|رونسيمان، ستيڤن]]|مؤلف2=ترجمة:نور الدين خليل|عنوان=تاريخ الحملات الصليبيَّة|طبعة=الثانية|المجلد=الجُزء الثاني: مملكة القُدس والشرق الفرنجي|صفحة=54 - 59|سنة=[[1998]]|ناشر=[[الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب|الهيئة المصريَّة العامَّة لِلكتاب]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://archive.org/details/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah02/page/n53/mode/2up</ref><ref name="رنسيمان11012">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ستيفين رونسيمان|رونسيمان، ستيڤن]]|مؤلف2=ترجمة:نور الدين خليل|عنوان=تاريخ الحملات الصليبيَّة|طبعة=الثانية|المجلد=الجُزء الثاني: مملكة القُدس والشرق الفرنجي|صفحة=50 - 54|سنة=[[1998]]|ناشر=[[الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب|الهيئة المصريَّة العامَّة لِلكتاب]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://archive.org/details/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah02/page/n49/mode/2up</ref> taas oo soo celisay hebada dawlada, === ka go'ida salaajiqada waaween === Guulaha uu ka gaaray saliibiyiinta ka dib waxa uu dib ugu laabtay la dagaalanka [[daanishmandiyiinta]] kuwaas oo isku heesteen hanashada [[maltaay]], markuu dhintay amiir guumushtakiin 1105 ayuu awooday inuu ka qabsado magaalada ilmihiisa <ref name="Syrien" group="la">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ميخائيل السرياني|Michel le Syrien]]|عنوان=Chronique de Michel le Syrien|صفحة=192|المجلد=Tome III|سنة=[[1905]]|ناشر=Ernest Leroux|مكان=[[باريس|Paris]]|لغة=fr|مسار=https://archive.org/details/MichelLeSyrien3/page/n199/mode/2up</ref>, waxa uuna ka go'ay salaajiqada waaween kuwaas oo galeen dagaal sokeeye kadib dhimashada suldaan [[malik shaah]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[شمس الدين الذهبي|الذهبي، أبو عبد الله شمس الدين مُحمَّد بن أحمد بن عُثمان بن قايماز]]|عنوان=تاريخ الإسلام ووفيَّات المشاهير والأعيان|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=20 - 22، 26 - 27|سنة=[[1415هـ]] - [[1994]]م|ناشر=دار الكتاب العربي|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|المجلد=الجُزء الرابع والثلاثون|مسار=https://ia600903.us.archive.org/7/items/FP3938/tiz34.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia600903.us.archive.org/7/items/FP3938/tiz34.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, shacbiyada [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] ayaa kor u kacday wuxuu qabsaday [[mayaafaaraqiin]], sanadii 1105 ayuu isku dayay qabsashada imaarada ruhaa balse may suura galin, wuu ka soo laabtay wuxuu dhex kusii qabsaday magaalada [[xaraan]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن القلانسي|ابن القلانسي، أبو يعلى حمزة بن أسد بن علي بن مُحمَّد التميمي]]|عنوان=تاريخ دمشق|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=242|سنة=[[1403هـ]] - [[1983]]م|ناشر=دار حسَّان للطباعة والنشر|مكان=[[دمشق]] - [[سوريا]]|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225230924/https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|تاريخ أرشيف=25 ديسمبر 2020</ref>. wuxuu ahaa [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] inuu ku duulay [[mowsil]] sandii 1107<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب||مؤلف1=Runciman|الأول=Steven|وصلة مؤلف=Steven Runciman|عنوان=A History of the Crusades|المجلد=Vol.2|ناشر=Cambridge University Press|سنة=1951|صفحة=110|chapter=Chapter VI: Equilibrium in the North|chapterurl=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QL88AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=Kilij+Arslan+I+++Mosul+1107&source=bl&ots=8OPKnTJybQ&sig=OTNpLHAbpP9gShajdwzF5yjmPmQ&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Kilij%20Arslan%20I%20%20%20Mosul%201107&f=false</ref> waxaana u suura gashay inuu qabsado magaalada, balse wuxuu wajahay isbaheysi xoogan oo [[Artaqiyiinta|artaqiyiin]] iyo amiirka [[xalab]] ka koobnaa wuxuu la galay dagaal kaas oo lagu jabshay<ref>The Cambridge history of Islam: The Central Islamic lands from Pre-Islamic, Editors: Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis, (Cambridge University Press, 1970), 239.</ref> [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] oo cararaya ayaana ku dhintay wabiga, wiilkiis Malik shaah ayaana la qabtay oona loo diray maxamed bin Malik shaah <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن الأثير الجزري|ابن الأثير، علي بن مُحمَّد بن عبد الكريم بن عبد الواحد الشيباني الجزري]]|عنوان=الكامل في التاريخ|طبعة=الرابعة|صفحة=104 - 107|سنة=[[1424هـ]] - [[2003]]م|المجلد=الجُزء التاسع|ناشر=دار الكُتُب العلميَّة|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|مسار=https://ia802707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt09.pdf|isbn=2745100467|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216200434/https://ia802707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt09.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=16 ديسمبر 2019</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة|الأخير=يُوسُف|الأول=هُدى ياسين|اسم الدورية=إضاءات موصليَّة|مسار=http://uomosul.edu.iq/public/files/datafolder_2706/_20190926_070848_740.pdf|عنوان=الحوليَّات{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} السُريانيَّة مصدرًا لِسلاجقة الموصل، تاريخ الزمان لِابن العبري أُنموذجًا|العدد=العدد 68|سنة=ربيع الأوَّل [[1434هـ]] \ شُباط 2013|صفحات=صفحة 9|ناشر=مركز دراسات الموصل، [[جامعة الموصل]]|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107235347/http://uomosul.edu.iq/public/files/datafolder_2706/_20190926_070848_740.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=7 يناير 2021</ref> === kala qeyb samida dawlada iyo isku soocelinteeda === Kadib dhimashada [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] dawlada way kala qebsantay wiilkiis curudka Malik shaah wuxuu ku jiray xabasi, xaaskiis ayaa qabsatay [[Malaatya|maltaay]] wiil yar oo dogrol la dhaho ee dhashay ayaa suldaan laga dhigay, labada wiil kale [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] iyo carab; mascuud wuxuu ku ag noolaa sodogiis [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] amiirka [[daanishmandiyiinta]], carabna [[Konya|quunya]] ayuu joogay<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=112|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>, Malik shaah ayaa dib u soo laabtay 1107dii waxaana u suura gashay inuu [[Konya|quunya]] galo oona noqdo suldaan<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن القلانسي|ابن القلانسي، أبو يعلى حمزة بن أسد بن علي بن مُحمَّد التميمي]]|عنوان=تاريخ دمشق|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=254|سنة=[[1403هـ]] - [[1983]]م|ناشر=دار حسَّان للطباعة والنشر|مكان=[[دمشق]] - [[سوريا]]|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225230924/https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|تاريخ أرشيف=25 ديسمبر 2020}}</ref>, waxa uuna xabsiga dhigay labadiis walaal carab iyo [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]], dagaalo qaraar ayuuna la galay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] oo ahayd inee ku soo fiday dhulka dawlada, labadiisa walaal ayaa xabsiga ka baxsadeen [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] oo taageero ka helaayo sodogiis [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ayaana ku guuleestay inuu dilo walaalkiis Malik shaah 1116 <ref group="la">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأول=John W.|الأخير=Birkenmeier|عنوان=The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180|ناشر=Brill|سنة=2002|isbn=90-04-11710-5|مسار=https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=p8OOoGWRC2EC&q=Malik+Shah#v=snippet&q=Malik%20Shah&f=false|صفحات=79 - 80|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108113913/https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=p8OOoGWRC2EC&q=Malik+Shah|تاريخ أرشيف=8 يناير 2021</ref> markale ayee dawlada kala qeybsantay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] wuxuu qabsaday caasimada iyo meelo kaloo yar, walaalkiis carab wuxuu qabsaday [[ankara]] iyo [[qasdamuuni]], walaalkiis kale dogrol oo masuul ka ahaayen hooyadiis iyo ninkeeda blak artaqi wuxuu heestay [[maltaay]]<ref name="Cambridge" group="">{{استشهاد بموسوعة|الأخير=Turan|الأول=Osman|محرر1=P.M. Holt|محرر2=Ann K. S. Lambton|محرر3=Bernard Lewis|اسم الموسوعة=The Cambridge History of Islam|عنوان=Anatolia in The Period of The Seljuks and The Beyliks|مسار=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf|تاريخ=[[2005]]|ناشر=[[مطبعة جامعة كامبريدج|Cambridge University Press]]|سلسلة=Handbook of Oriental Studies|المجلد=Volume IA: The Central Islamic Lands from Pre-Islamic Times to The First World War|صفحات=239 - 240|isbn=9780521219464|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/2017 {{Wayback|url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf{{!}}تاريخ= |date=20170413030738 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf{{!}}تاريخ= |date=20170413030738 }} {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7B%7B%21%7D%7D%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%3D |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-date=2017-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413030738/https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7B%7B%21%7D%7D%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%3D |url-status=bot: unknown}}0413030738/http://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-–-1a.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=2017-04-13</ref>, waxaana walaalaha ka dhex bilaawday colaad daran, [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] markii hore wuxuu diirada saaray la dagaalanka [[Imbraadooriyaada biriizanda|biriizanda]] waxa uuna ku guuleestay inuu ka soo ceshado dhul badan<ref name="تنازع">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=120 - 122|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>, sanadkii 1114 [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ayaa fursad ku helay maltaay waa uuna qabsaday asigoo garab ka helaayo [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]], waxa uuna diiday lahaanshaha salaajiqada ee magaalada, carab ayaa aad uga carooday arintaas wuxuuna ku eedeeyay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] inuu qiyaanay dawlada oona ilaalin karin dhulkeeda, 1116 weerar xoogan ayuu ku qaaday caasimada [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] ayaa ka gurmad dalbay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]], carabna amiirka arman ayuu garab ka dalbay, dagaalo adag ayaa dhex maray kuwaas oo ku soo dhamaaday inuu guuleestay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]], inkastoo [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] uu kaligiis soo haray hadana wuxuu ku sii hoos noolaa [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ilaa uu ka dhintay 1135. === Ka hortagida weerarka 2aad === imaarada ruhaa oo ka mid ahayd imaaradaha kirishmiska ayaa waxaa qabsaday [[zankiyiinta]] waxaana ka dhashay weerar saliibi oo cusub weerarkan waxaa hogaaminaayay boqorka faransiiska [[luwiis todobaad]] iyo boqorka jarmalka [[konraad sedexaad]], [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] ayaa ka hortagay waxa uuna u geestay baaba' xun ciidanka jarmalka, boqorkooda wuu dhaawacmay xitaa<ref group="">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأول=Ebru|الأخير=Altan|عنوان=Haçlı Seferleri Tarihi(History of the crusades|صفحة=120|مسار=http://auzefkitap.istanbul.edu.tr/kitap/tarih_ao/hstarihi.pdf|لغة=tr|ناشر=İstanbul{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK ve Uzaktan EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ|سنة=2015|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022112800/http://auzefkitap.istanbul.edu.tr/kitap/tarih_ao/hstarihi.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=2020-10-22</ref>, faransiiska ayagana khasaaro xoogan buu gaarsiiyay inkastoo ku guuleesteen inee u gudbaan [[shaam]], [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] waxa oo isbahaysi la sameeyay [[nuurudiin zanki]] haraadiga imaarada ruhaa ayeena ku qaadeen weeraro aa kala joogsi laheen ugu dambeyn way la wareegeen weyna kala qeybsadeen <ref name="تل باشر">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن القلانسي|ابن القلانسي، أبو يعلى حمزة بن أسد بن علي بن مُحمَّد التميمي]]|عنوان=تاريخ دمشق|إصدار=الأولى|صفحة=480 - 489|سنة=[[1403هـ]] - [[1983]]م|ناشر=دار حسَّان للطباعة والنشر|مكان=[[دمشق]] - [[سوريا]]|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225230924/https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|تاريخ أرشيف=25 ديسمبر 2020</ref> === Qilij arsalaan labaad === [[Ruknudiin mascuud|Mascuud]] wuxuu u baxay la dagaalanka amiirka armiiniya [[tuuruus labaad]] markuu ka soo laabtay wuu dhintay 1156 xilkana waxaa qabtay [[qilij arsalaan labaad]], waxaa bilaawday dagaalo u dhaxeeya dawlada iyo [[daanishmandiyiinta]] blase [[nuurudiin zanki]] oo arkaayay in is khilaafka muslimiinta uu awood siinaayo cadawga ayaa dhaxdhaadin sameeyay <ref name="القلانسي">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن القلانسي|ابن القلانسي، أبو يعلى حمزة بن أسد بن علي بن مُحمَّد التميمي]]|عنوان=تاريخ دمشق|إصدار=الأولى|صفحة=510 - 511|سنة=[[1403هـ]] - [[1983]]م|ناشر=دار حسَّان للطباعة والنشر|مكان=[[دمشق]] - [[سوريا]]|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225230924/https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|تاريخ أرشيف=25 ديسمبر 2020</ref>, markale ayuu khilaafka soo laabtay hadana culumada iyo wax garadka ayaa hishiis sameeyeen, hishiiska ka dib [[qilij arsalaan labaad]] wuxuu ku duulay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]], waxa uuna ka qabsaday magaalooyinka [[laarinda]] iyo [[saliiqiya]], balse mudadii u dhaxeesay 1159-1161 waxa uu kala kulmay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] jab is daba jooga ugu dambeyn wuxuu aqbalay hishiis dhigaayay shuruudo adag <ref group="">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأخير=Rogers|الأول=Clifford J.|عنوان=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology: Vol. 1|ناشر=Oxford University Press|مكان=Oxford|سنة=2010|isbn=978-0195334036|صفحة=290|مسار=https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&q=Kilij+Arslan#v=onepage&q=Kilij%20Arslan&f=false|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011537/https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&q=Kilij+Arslan|تاريخ أرشيف=21 يناير 2021</ref><ref group="">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأخير=Heath|الأول=Ian|عنوان=Byzantine Armies 1118–1461 AD (Illustrated by Angus McBride)|ناشر=Osprey Publishing|سنة=1995|isbn=1-85532-347-8|صفحة=4}}</ref><ref group="">{{استشهاد بموسوعة|الأخير=Cahen|الأول=Cl|اسم الموسوعة=Encyclopaedia of Islam|عنوان=Ḳi̊li̊d̲j̲ Arslan II|مسار=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4364|تاريخ=[[2012]]|ناشر=BRILL|سلسلة=Handbook of Oriental Studies|طبعة=الثانية|isbn=9789004161214|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122005714/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_4364|تاريخ أرشيف=22 يناير 2021</ref>, mudadii uu hishiiska socday Qilij arsalaan wuxuu xooga saaray soo celinta awooda dawlada waxaana u suura gashay 1574 inuu qabsado imaarada siiwaas oo [[daanishmandiyiinta]] ka mid ahayd, imbiraadoorka biriizanda ayaa arkay inuu fursad siiyay [[Qilij arsalaan labaad|qilij arsalaan]] waxa uuna dalbaday dhulka [[daanishmandiyiinta]], markii loo diiday dagaal ayuu soo qaaday Qilij arsalaan ayaa awooday inuu ku jabiyo [[dagaalkii miryokifaaloon]], khasaaro adag ayuuna gaarsiiyay <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[أسد رستم|رُستم، أسد]]|عنوان=الروم في سياستهم وحضارتهم ودينهم وثقافتهم وصلاتهم بالعرب|صفحة=444|سنة=[[2018]]|ناشر=[[مؤسسة هنداوي للتعليم والثقافة]]|مكان=[[وندسور]] - [[المملكة المتحدة]]|isbn=9781527315785|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://ebooksstream.com/d_pdfs/kutub-pdf.net_ReK77pM.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://archive.vn/HJgpT|تاريخ أرشيف=2021-01-21</ref><ref group="la">{{استشهاد|الأخير=Hendy|الأول=Michael|سنة=1985|عنوان=Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c. 300–1450|ناشر=Cambridge University Press|مكان=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-24715-2|صفحة=128</ref>. Sanadkii 1177 waxa uu qabsaday imaarada maltaay oo ugu dambeesay [[daanishmandiyiinta]], sidaas ayee dawlada ku noqotay awooda muslimka kaliya ee ka jirta [[Anatooliya|anaadool]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=197|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>. 1179 [[Qilij arsalaan labaad|qilij arsalaan]] wuxuu dagaal ku qaaday [[Dawlada ayuubiyiinta|ayuubiyiinta]], hase yeeshee jab ayuu kala kulmay [[Salaaxudiin al-Ayyuubi|salaaxudiin]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[المنصور محمد بن عمر|الأيُّوبي، مُحمَّد بن تقي الدين عُمر بن شاهنشاه]]|عنوان=مضمار الحقائق وسر الخلائق|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=18 - 19|سنة=[[1968]]|ناشر=عالم الكُتُب|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[الجمهورية العربية المتحدة|مصر]]|مسار=https://archive.org/details/MidhmarAlhahaqeq/page/n39/mode/2up</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن واصل|ابن واصل، أبو عبد الله مُحمَّد بن سالم بن نصر الله المازني التميمي الحموي الشافعي]]|عنوان=مُفرِّج الكُروب في أخبار بني أيُّوب|صفحة=79|المجلد=المُجلَّد الثاني|سنة=[[1377هـ]] - [[1957]]م|ناشر=[[دار الكتب والوثائق القومية|دار الكُتُب والوثائق القوميَّة]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] [[جمهورية مصر|مصر]]|مسار=https://ia801308.us.archive.org/26/items/FP42193/02_42194.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225129/https://ia801308.us.archive.org/26/items/FP42193/02_42194.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, Weerarkii sedexaad ee saliibiga ayaa ku yimid dhulka dawlada, waxaana hogaamiya ka ahaa feridriik barboosa boqorka jarmalka, wuxuu doorbiday [[Qilij arsalaan labaad|Qilij arsalaan]] inuu ka gambado laakin wiilkiis Qudbudiin ayaa la dagaalay waxeyna qabsadeen [[Konya|quunya]] 1190 <ref name="ابن الأثير1">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن الأثير الجزري|ابن الأثير، علي بن مُحمَّد بن عبد الكريم بن عبد الواحد الشيباني الجزري]]|عنوان=الكامل في التاريخ|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=193 - 194|سنة=[[1407هـ]] - [[1987]]م|ناشر=دار الكُتُب العلميَّة|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|المجلد=الجُزء العاشر|مسار=https://ia902707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt10.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127060341/https://ia902707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt10.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=27 نوفمبر 2020</ref>, hase yeeshee boqorka jarmalka ayaa isaga baxay magaalada Shan bari ka dib waxa uuna dalbaday in sahay la siiyo jidkana loo furo. Sanadkii 1186 waxaa ku dhacay [[Qilij arsalaan labaad|qilij arsalaan]] cudurka faalij waxa uu ku fakaray inuu ilmihiis oo ahaayeen kow iyo toban u kala qeybiyo dawlada, taasi oo qalad weyn ahayd waxaa mariiba ka dhex bilaawday walaalaha khilaaf iyo dagaalo, [[Qilij arsalaan labaad|qilij arsalaan]] ayaa gadaal dambe ka ogaaday qaladkiisa wuxuu bilaabay inuu dib usoo mideeyo asagoo madax ka dhigaayo wiilkiis [[Kiikhisroof koowaad|gayaasudiin kiikhisroof]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن بيبي|ابن بيبي، ناصر الدين حُسين بن مُحمَّد بن علي الجعفري الرغدي]]|مؤلف2=تعريب محُمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم|طبعة=الثانية|صفحة=2 - 4|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, hase ahaatee asoo ku guuleesan buu dhintay 1196, wiilkiis suleymaan ayaa awooday inuu dhamaan ka adkaado laakin 1204 laakin shan bari ka dib wuu iska dhintay <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=213 - 214|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf</ref> wiilkiis qilij arsalaan sedexaad ayaa xilka qabtay === Xilliga dahabiga ee dawlada === Sannadkii 1205 [[Kiikhisroof koowaad|Gayaasudiin Kiikhisroof]] ayaa yimid carshiga mar labaad <ref><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=Sara Nur Yildiz|مؤلف2=</nowiki>[[:en:A. C. S. Peacock|A. C. S. Peacock]]|عنوان=The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East|إصدار=المُصوَّرة|صفحة=178–179|سنة=[[2013]]|ناشر=[[أي بي توريس|I.B. Tauris]]|مكان=[[لندن|London]]|لغة=en|isbn=9781848858879|مسار=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285750373_The_Seljuks_of_Anatolia_Court_and_Society_in_the_Medieval_Middle_East_Edited_by_A_C_S_Peacock_and_Sara_Nur_Yildiz%7Cمسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212013047/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285750373_The_Seljuks_of_Anatolia_Court_and_Society_in_the_Medieval_Middle_East_Edited_by_A_C_S_Peacock_and_Sara_Nur_Yildiz%7Cتاريخ أرشيف=12 ديسمبر 2020}</ref>. Wuxuu abaabulay safar uu ku tagay [[Imbiraadooriyada daraabazoon,|Boqortooyada daraabazoon,]] taas oo jaray waddooyinka ganacsiga ee [[Badda Madow]], oo wadadan u furay dawlada mar kale. wuxuu awooday qabsashada [[Andaaliya]] 1206 <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن بيبي|ابن بيبي، ناصر الدين حُسين بن مُحمَّد بن علي الجعفري الرغدي]]|مؤلف2=تعريب محُمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم|إصدار=الثانية|صفحة=39 - 41|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, oo ah deked ganacsi oo muhiim ah. [[Kiikhisroof koowaad|Gayaasudiin Kiikhisroof]] wuxuu xoojiyay maamulkii dhexe, Wuxuu ka dhigay amiirradii loo dhiibay inay maamulaan gobollada, inay noqdaan guddoomiyeyaal ku xiran dowladda dhexe. [[Kiikhisroof koowaad|Gayaasudiin Kiikhisroof]] I wuxuu ku dhintay dagaal boqortooyada niiqiya uu la galay 1211 <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|عنوان=The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204-1228)|الأول=Filip|الأخير=Van Tricht|ناشر=Brill|سنة=2011|صفحة=375|ISBN=9789004203235|مسار=https://www.academia.edu/8344925/The_Latin_Renovatio_of_Byzantium_The_Empire_of_Constantinople_1204_1228_|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125023148/https://www.academia.edu/8344925/The_Latin_Renovatio_of_Byzantium_The_Empire_of_Constantinople_1204_1228_|تاريخ أرشيف=25 يناير 2021</ref> Waxaana xilka ku murmay Saddexda wiil ee Sultan [[Kiikhisroof koowaad|Kiikhisroof]] ([[Calaaudiin keyqubaad|calaaudiin Keyqubaad]], [[Kiikaawuus koowaad|cizudiin Kiikaawuus]], iyo Keyfaridun), wiilkiisa ugu weyn cizudiin Kiikaawuus ayaa koray carshiga. [[Kiikaawuus koowaad|Cizudiin Kiikaawuus]] ayaa ka adkaaday walaalihiis ee xilka isku heesteen<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأخير=Cahen|الأول=Claude|وصلة مؤلف=Claude Cahen|عنوان=Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c. 1071-1330|ناشر=Taplinger|سنة=1968|مكان=New York|مسار=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00871|الرقم{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} المعياري=159740456X|صفحات=120–121|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213185111/https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/w95050571%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=2019-12-13</ref>, ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa, wuxuu siiyay dhammaan dareenkiisa dib u soo nooleenta ganacsiga [[Anatooliya|Anaadool]] Isaga oo heshiis la galay [[Boqortooyada Qubrus]], wuxuu xoreeyay ganacsiga labada dal. Wuxuu [[Siinuub]] ka soo qabsaday [[imbiraadooriyada daraabazoon]] si uu u furo waddada ganacsiga woqooyiga. Ka dib, waxa uu u dhaqaaqay madaxii Armeeniya, kaas oo xannibay wadadii ganacsiga koonfurta, wuuna ka adkaaday Armanka <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن بيبي|ابن بيبي، ناصر الدين حُسين بن مُحمَّد بن علي الجعفري الرغدي]]|مؤلف2=تعريب محُمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم|طبعة=الثانية|صفحة=79 - 80|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, waxoo furay waddada ganacsiga ee [[shaam]]. Sidaa darteed [[Anatooliya|Anaadool]] waxay noqotay xarunta safarrada ganacsiga. Markii [[Kiikaawuus koowaad|Kiikaawuus]] dhintay 1220, waxaa carshiga yimid walaalkiis [[Calaaudiin keyqubaad|calaaudiin Keyqubaad]] Mid ka mid ah hogaamiya yaasha ugu caansan ee salaajiqada anaadool, [[Calaaudiin keyqubaad|calaaudiin Keyqbaad]] ayaa qabsaday Kalonoros (maanta Alaniya)<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن بيبي|ابن بيبي، ناصر الدين حُسين بن مُحمَّد بن علي الجعفري الرغدي]]|مؤلف2=تعريب محُمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم|طبعة=الثانية|صفحة=125 - 126|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref> oo ah deked muhiim ah oo ku taal xeebta [[bada dhexe]] Waxa uu magaaladan ka dhisay barxad markab, kaas oo markii dambe loo bixiyay magaca Alaniya, waxa uuna dib u dhisay qasrigii magaalada. Waxa uu ku daray dhammaan xeebta iija ilaa [[Antalya|Andaaliya]] ka dib markii ay ganacsatadu weerar ku qaadeen Armenian oo berriga ah iyo budhcad-badeed reer Yurub ah oo badda ku sugnaa. sanadii 1222 burcad badeeb qabiilka qafjaaq iyo ruush ah ayaa soo weeraray xeebaha dawlada, suldaanka asoo ka jawaabaya ciidan xoogan ayuu u diray jasiirad u ekaha qiram waxayna gaareen guulo waaween <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن بيبي|ابن بيبي، ناصر الدين حُسين بن مُحمَّد بن علي الجعفري الرغدي]]|مؤلف2=تعريب محُمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم|طبعة=الثانية|صفحة=155 - 169|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, caaludiin wuxuu kusoo daray dawlada dhulka imaarada [[mankuujiyiinta]] iyo [[araqiintnta]] laanta harboot Si looga hortago duulaamada [[tataarka]] wuxuu isku dayay xiriir inuu la sameeyo [[jlaalu-diin khawaarzim shaah]], laakin ma dhicin oo waxaa ka dhex qarxay dagaal 1230, waxaana lagu jabiyay khawaarzimiyiinta <ref>Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: ''Türkiye tarihi Cilt I'', AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 118</ref>, [[Dawlada ayuubiyiinta|ayuubiyiinta]] inkastoo ay garab ku siiyeen dawlada la dagaalanka khawaarzimiyiinta hadana xiriirkoodu ma fiicneen oo waxaa laba dhinac dhex maray dagaalo. [[Calaaudiin keyqubaad|calaaudiin]] wuxuu ahaa inuu u diyaar garoobayo [[tataarka]] waxa oo dhisay dhufeesyo badan hase ahaatee geerida ayaa ku timid 1237, waxaana xilka uga dambeeyay wiilkiis [[kiikhisroof labaad]] === Duulaamada tataarka iyo jabka salaajiqada === calaaudiin dhimashadiisa ka dib dawlada waxay gashay marxalad daciifnimo ah [[Kiikhisroof labaad|kiikhisroof]] wuxuu ahaa qof daciif ah hadana daalim ah <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1= القرماني، أحمد بن يُوسُف|عنوان= أخبار الدُول وآثار الأُول في التاريخ|صفحة= 294|سنة= <nowiki>[[1282هـ]]</nowiki>|ناشر= مطبعة الميرزا عبَّاس التبريزي|مكان= <nowiki>[[بغداد]]</nowiki>|مسار= <nowiki>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikisource/ar/f/fa/أخبار_الدول.pdf|مسار</nowiki> أرشيف= <nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20201110005455/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikisource/ar/f/fa/أخبار_الدول.pdf</nowiki> <nowiki>|تاريخ أرشيف=2020-11-10</nowiki></ref>wasiirada ayaa maamulka dawlada gacanta ku haayeen waxaa billaawday kacdoon uu soo abaabulay wadaad la oran jiray baaba isxaaq, kaas oo ahaay shiici qalifsan <ref group="">[[:tr:Tahir Harimî Balcıoğlu|Balcıoğlu, Tahir Harimî]], <nowiki>''Türk Tarihinde Mezhep Cereyanları - The course of [[مذاهب إسلامية عقائدية|madh'hab]] events in [[ترك|Turkish]] [[تاريخ]], ''</nowiki> (Preface and notes by Hilmi Ziya Ülken), 271 pages, Ahmet Sait Press, Kanaat Publications, Istanbul, 1940. {{أيقونة تركية}}</ref>, kacdoon wadayaasha waxay qaribeen magaalooyinka dad badana wey dileen mudo dheer kadib dawladu waxay ku guuleesatay inee soo afjarto kacdoonka tataarka ayaa wuxuu ahaa inuu kusoo dhawaanayo dhulka dawlada, talyahooda baayjuu nooyaan ayaa weeraray araduum 1242 waxayna geesteen xasuuq ba'an<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1= [[شهاب الدين النويري|النُويري، شهاب الدين أحمد بن عبد الوهَّاب بن مُحمَّد]]|عنوان= نهاية الإرب في فنون الأدب|المجلد= الجُزء السابع والعُشرون|طبعة= الأولى|صفحة= 238|سنة= [[1424 هـ|1424هـ]] - [[2004]]م|ناشر= دار الكُتُب العلميَّة|تاريخ الوصول= [[17 فبراير|17 شُباط (فبراير)]] [[2019]]م|مكان= [[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|مسار= https://books.google.com.lb/books?id=R42BDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT225&lpg=PT225&dq=جرماغون&source=bl&ots=ZC6-ozIfIB&sig=ACfU3U0ymZurX0YPnJU48ELyXg1uOY_SEw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzlJOC5MPgAhUIzoUKHZcnBH0Q6AEwBXoECAwQAQ#v=onepage&q=جرماغون&f=false|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20191129140239/https://books.google.com.lb/books?id=R42BDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT225&lpg=PT225&dq=جرماغون&source=bl&ots=ZC6-ozIfIB&sig=ACfU3U0ymZurX0YPnJU48ELyXg1uOY_SEw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzlJOC5MPgAhUIzoUKHZcnBH0Q6AEwBXoECAwQAQ|تاريخ أرشيف=2019-11-29</ref>, suldaan kiikhisroof markuu maqlay aqbaartaan xun wuxuu la baxay ciidan aad u badan meel la dhaho kuusa daag ayuu kula kulmay tataarka dagaal adag kadib [[tataarka]] ayaa guuleestay <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[بدر الدين العيني|العيني، أبو مُحمَّد بدر الدين محمود بن أحمد بن موسى الحنفي]]|مؤلف2=تحقيق: أ. د. مُحمَّد مُحمَّد أمين|عنوان=عقد الجُمان في تاريخ أهل الزمان|صفحة=26 - 27|سنة=[[1407 هـ|1407هـ]] - [[1987]]م|ناشر=[[الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب|الهيئة المصريَّة العامَّة لِلكتاب - مركز تحقيق التُراث]]|تاريخ الوصول=[[17 فبراير|17 شُباط (فبراير)]] [[2019]]م|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-380#page-26|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521174516/http://shamela.ws:80/browse.php/book-380|تاريخ أرشيف=2019-05-21</ref>,[[tataarka]] ayaa bilaabay kadib inuu boobo magaalooyinka dadka uu laayo dumarkana qafaasho <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=مُؤرِّخ مجهول|مؤلف2=تعريب: مُحمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم، مُختصر سَلْجُوقنامه|طبعة=الثانية|صفحة=289 - 292|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|تاريخ الوصول=[[17 فبراير|17 شُباط (فبراير)]] [[2019]]م|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia802507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031094506/https://ia802507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=31 أكتوبر </ref>, dagaalkan waxaa ka dashay inee dawladu naqato mid raacsan [[tataarka]] waxeyna ogolaatay inee bixiso canshuur<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن تغري|ابن تغري بردي، أبو المحاسن جمال الدين يُوسُف الأتابكي اليشبقاوي الظاهري]]|عنوان=النُجُوم الزاهرة في مُلُوك مصر والقاهرة|المجلد=الجُزء السادس|صفحة=347|سنة=[[1383 هـ|1383هـ]] - [[1963]]م|ناشر=[[وزارة الثقافة (مصر)|وزارة الثقافة]]|تاريخ الوصول=[[17 فبراير|17 شُباط (فبراير)]] [[2019]]م|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia800200.us.archive.org/24/items/FP159836/06_159838-2.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110134009/https://ia800200.us.archive.org/24/items/FP159836/06_159838-2.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=10 يناير 2020</ref>, === Dhamaadka dawlada === [[Kiikhisroof labaad|kiikhisroof]] wuxuu dhintay 1246<ref name="خواند">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[خواند مير|خواندمير، غيَّاث الدين مُحمَّد بن محمود بن مُحمَّد البلخي الشيرازي الهروي]]|عنوان=تاريخ حبيب السير في أخبار أفراد البشر|المجلد=الجُزء الثاني|صفحة=540|ناشر=انتشارات خيَّام|لغة=fa|مسار=https://archive.org/details/mohamed_rahman2007_hotmail_20180311_1117/page/n1039/mode/2up</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[منهاج السراج الجوزجاني|الجوزجاني، أبو عُمر منهاجُ الدين عُثمان بن إبراهیم]]|عنوان=طبقات ناصرى|صفحة=331|سنة=[[تقويم هجري شمسي|1363هـ. ش]]|ناشر=دنياى كتاب|المجلد=الجُزء الثاني|مكان=[[طهران|تهران]] - [[إيران|ايران]]|لغة=fa|مسار=http://ar.lib.eshia.ir/10516/2/331|مسارالأرشيف=https://archive.vn/1OpEw|تاريخ أرشيف=[[30 يناير|30 كانون الثاني (يناير)]] [[2021]]|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130021756/http://ar.lib.eshia.ir/10516/2/331</ref>, mdaxdii ka dambeeyay waxay ahaayeen kuwo tataarka uu keensaday wax awood ahna ma laheen inta badan labo ama sedex ayee xilka ku wadaageen kadib cadaadiska u [[tataarka]] u haayo dawlada ayaa isi soo taraatyay, canshuur aad u badan ayee soo rogeen dadka ayaa galay xaalad adag oo usii dheer tahay dulmiga tataarka weerarada biriizanda ee sii kordhaaya dilka siyaasiinta, masiibooyin dabiici ah cuduro faafa ayaa gabi ahaanba ruxay dawlada, suldaankii ugu dambeeyay dawlada [[mascuud labaad]] markuu dhintay 1307 waxay u qeybsantay dawlada toban imaaradood oo loo yaqaanay [[imaaradaha anaadool]], waxayna kala ahaayeen [[imaarada qaramaan]], tika, banuu xumeyd, [[Imaarada karmiyaan|karmiyaan]], munashtaa, banuu barawaana, [[Dawlada Cosmaniya|cusmaaniyiinta]], [[Imaarada saaruuqaan|saaruuqaan]], banuuaydiin iyo [[Imaarada qaraasii|qaraasii]], cusmaaniyiinta ayaa mar dambe awoodeen inay aasaasaan dawlad awood badan oo kulmisa imaaradaha oo dhan<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=335 - 337|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo ilbaxnimada == === Dhaqanka === Inkastoo ey ahaayeen trki waxaa aad ugu faafsanaa dhaqanka faarisiga, qoyska boqortooyada ayaa muddo yar gudaheed kaga tagay magacyadoodii hore ee Turkiga waxayna door bideen in ay wiilashooda u bixiyaan magacyada halyeeyada Iran ee taariikhiga ah ama taliyayaasha sida Kiikaawuus, Keyqubaad, Kiikhisroof <ref name=":1" />. Xagga Turkida, waxa jira muuqaal weli xambaarsan hab-nololeedka Aasiyada Dhexe, dhaqameed iyo caqiido, oo aan awoodin in uu dhexgalo dhaqanka iyo caqiidada Islaamka. Halka kuwa degey tuulooyinka ama magaalooyinka ay ku hoos jireen saameynta dhaqamada Iran iyo Islaamka, kooxaha weli haysta dhaqaalihii nolol-guuraaga ee reer-guuraaga ahaa waxay door bideen meelaha fog, roobabka ama "dhamaadka" degsiimooyinka. === Dhismooyinka === [[File:Konya Alaeddin Mosque from northeast 4170.jpg|thumb|masjidka calaaudiin waxaa lagu aasay badanaa boqorada [[salaajiqada ruum]]]] salaajiqada waxey aad u daneeyeen dhismaha, waxey dhiseen masaajido waaween, qabuuro, madarasooyin qsriyaal isbitaalo, buundooyin, musqul qubeyseed, meelo socotada lagu Marti qaado oo loo yaqaan "khaan" === aqoonta iyo suugaanta === waxey gaartay aqoonta meel fiican waxaa la dhisay madarasooyin waaween o lagu barto culuumta sharciga islaamka gaar ahaan madhabka [[Xanafiya|xanafiga]], sidoo kale waxaa jiray goobo lagu barto quraanka iyo meelo lagu barto [[Xadiis|xadiiska]] oo loo yaqaan daaru xadiis, madarasooyin lagu barto caafimaadka ayaa la dhisay dhamaan madarasooyinka waxaa ku dhagnaa masjid lagu tukado <ref name=":0" />. culumo badan ayaa soo baxay kuwaas oo heer sare ka joogay aqoonta qaarna safar ayee ku imaadeen dawlada waxaana ka mid ahaa [[ibnu carabi]], [[shihaabudiin sahrawurdi]], [[yoonis imra]], [[jalaaludiin ruumi]] iyo [[sadrudiin quunawi]] ==salaadiinta dawlada== <table cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="2" width="70%" align="center" border="1" id="table2"> <tr> <th style="background: #ebc844" ></th> <th style="background: #ebc844" >suldaanka </th> <th style="background: #ebc844" width="8%">nolosha </th> <th style="background: #ebc844" width="8%">talada </th> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%"><font size="-1">1</font> </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Suleyman bin qutulmush]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1086 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1077-1086</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%"><font size="-1">2</font> </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Abul qaasim</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1092 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1086-1092</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%"><font size="-1">3</font> </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Qilij arsalaan koowaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1079-1107 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1092-1107</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%"><font size="-1">4</font> </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Malik shaah</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1116 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1107-1116</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">5 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Ruknudiin mascuud|Ruknudiin mascuud koowaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1095-1156 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1116-1156</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">6 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Qilij arsalaan labaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1155-1092 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1156-1192</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">7 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Gayaasudiin [[kiikhisroof koowaad]]</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1211 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1192-1196</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">8 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Suleymaan labaad </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1204 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1196-1204</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">9 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%"> Qilij arsalaan sedexaad </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1205 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1204-1205</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">10 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Gayaasudiin [[kiikhisroof koowaad]] (mar kale )</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1211 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1205-1211</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">11 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Cizudiin [[kiikaawuus koowaad]]</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1220 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1211-1220</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">12 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Calaaudiin keyqubaad]] koowaad</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1190-1237 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1220-1237</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">13 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Gayaasudiin [[kiikhisroof labaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1246 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1237-1246</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">14 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Cizudiin [[kiikaawuus labaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1279 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1246-1260</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">15 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Qilij arsalaan afaraad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1265 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1248-1265</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">16 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Calaaudiin keyqubaad labaad]] 1249–1257</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1238-1256 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1249-1257</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">17 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Kiikhisroof sedexaad]] 1265–1284</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1259-1284 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1265-1284</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">18 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Mascuud labaad]] 1284–1297</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1307 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1284-1297</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">19 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Calaaudiin sedexaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1303 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1297-1303</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">20 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Mascuud labaad]] (mar labaad)</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1307 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1303-1307</td> </tr> </table> == Xigasho == <references /> <references /> nvct2ugpiidid2da3sq6ee545dio7ot 0 36515 309935 309880 2026-10-02T03:14:54Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 309935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruknudiin mascuud''' ama '''mascuud koowaad''' wuxuu ahaa suldaankii [[salaajiqada ruum]] laga bilaabo 1116 ilaa dhimashadiisa 1156{{Infobox royalty|type=Suldaan|name=Mascuud koowaad|more=|image=Alaedin Camii.JPG|caption=Masjidka Aladdin Kiqbad ee Konya waxa la dhisay xiligii uu xukunka hayay Mascuud|succession=Suldaanka salaajiqada ruum|reign=1116-1156|coronation=|predecessor=[[Malik shaah bin qilij arsalaan]]|successor=[[Qilij arsalaan koowaad]]|full name=Ruknudiin mascuud bin qilij arsalaan bin suleymaan|house=[[Salaajiqada]]|spouse=|father=[[Qilij arsalaan koowaad]]|mother=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=1156|death_place=|place of burial=|religion=}} == ku loolamida xilka == [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|Qilij arsalaan]] markoo ku dhintay dagaalkii mowsil sanadkii 1107 dawlada way kala qebsantay, wiilkiis curudka Malik shaah wuxuu ku jiray xabasi, xaaskiis ayaa qabsatay [[maltaay]] wiil yar oo dogrol la dhaho ee dhashay ayaa suldaan laga dhigay, labada wiil kale [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] iyo carab; mascuud wuxuu ku ag noolaa sodogiis [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] amiirka [[daanishmandiyiinta]], carabna [[Konya|quunya]] ayuu joogay<ref><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=</nowiki>[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=112|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf%7Cمسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf%7Cتاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>, Malik shaah ayaa dib u soo laabtay 1109kii waxaana u suura gashay inuu [[Konya|quunya]] galo oona noqdo suldaan, waxa uuna xabsiga dhigay labadiis walaal carab iyo [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]], dagaalo qaraar ayuuna la galay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] oo ahayd inee ku soo fiday dhulka dawlada, labadiisa walaal ayaa xabsiga ka baxsadeen [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] oo taageero ka helaayo sodogiis [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ayaana ku guuleestay inuu dilo walaalkiis Malik shaah 1116 <ref group=""><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأول=John W.|الأخير=Birkenmeier|عنوان=The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180|ناشر=Brill|سنة=2002|isbn=90-04-11710-5|مسار=</nowiki>https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=p8OOoGWRC2EC&q=Malik+Shah#v=snippet&q=Malik%20Shah&f=false%7Cصفحات=79 - 80|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108113913/https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=p8OOoGWRC2EC&q=Malik+Shah%7Cتاريخ أرشيف=8 يناير 2021</ref> == Qalbashada xilka == markale ayee dawlada kala qeybsantay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] wuxuu qabsaday caasimada iyo meelo kaloo yar, walaalkiis carab wuxuu qabsaday [[ankara]] iyo [[qasdamuuni]], walaalkiis kale dogrol oo masuul ka ahaayen hooyadiis iyo ninkeeda blak artaqi wuxuu heestay [[maltaay]] <ref name="Cambridge"><nowiki>{{استشهاد بموسوعة|الأخير=Turan|الأول=Osman|محرر1=P.M. Holt|محرر2=Ann K. S. Lambton|محرر3=Bernard Lewis|اسم الموسوعة=The Cambridge History of Islam|عنوان=Anatolia in The Period of The Seljuks and The Beyliks|مسار=</nowiki>https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7Cتاريخ=[[2005]]|ناشر=[[مطبعة جامعة كامبريدج|Cambridge University Press]]|سلسلة=Handbook of Oriental Studies|المجلد=Volume IA: The Central Islamic Lands from Pre-Islamic Times to The First World War|صفحات=239 - 240|isbn=9780521219464|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive {{Wayback|url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7Cتاريخ= |date=20170413030738 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7Cتاريخ= |date=20170413030738 }} {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%3D |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-date=2017-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413030738/https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%3D |url-status=dead}}.org/web/20170413030738/http://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-–-1a.pdf%7Cتاريخ أرشيف=2017-04-13</ref>, waxaana walaalaha ka dhex bilaawday colaad daran, [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] markii hore wuxuu diirada saaray la dagaalanka [[Imbraadooriyaada biriizanda|biriizanda]] waxa uuna ku guuleestay inuu ka soo ceshado dhul badan <ref name="تنازع"><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=</nowiki>[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=120 - 122|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf%7Cمسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf%7Cتاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>, sanadkii 1114 [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ayaa fursad ku helay maltaay waa uuna qabsaday asigoo garab ka helaayo [[Rukundiin mascuud|mascuud]], waxa uuna diiday lahaanshaha salaajiqada ee magaalada, carab ayaa aad uga carooday arintaas wuxuuna ku eedeeyay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] inuu qiyaanay dawlada oona ilaalin karin dhulkeeda, 1116 weerar xoogan ayuu ku qaaday caasimada [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] ayaa ka gurmad dalbay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]], carabna amiirka arman ayuu garab ka dalbay, dagaalo adag ayaa dhex maray kuwaas oo ku soo dhamaaday inuu guuleestay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]], inkastoo [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] uu kaligiis soo haray hadana wuxuu ku sii hoos noolaa [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ilaa uu ka dhintay 1135. == Ka hortagida weerarka labaad ee saliibiyiinta == imaarada ruhaa oo ka mid ahayd imaaradaha kirishmiska ayaa waxaa qabsaday [[zankiyiinta]] waxaana ka dhashay weerar saliibi oo cusub weerarkan waxaa hogaaminaayay boqorka faransiiska [[luwiis todobaad]] iyo boqorka jarmalka [[konraad sedexaad]], [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] ayaa ka hortagay waxa uuna u geestay baaba' xun ciidanka jarmalka, boqorkooda wuu dhaawacmay xitaa, faransiiska ayagana khasaaro xoogan buu gaarsiiyay inkastoo ku guuleesteen inee u gudbaan [[shaam]], [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] waxa oo isbahaysi la sameeyay [[nuurudiin zanki]] haraadiga imaarada ruhaa ayeena ku qaadeen weeraro aa kala joogsi laheen ugu dambeyn way la wareegeen weyna kala qeybsadeen == Dhimashadiisa == [[Ruknudiin mascuud|Mascuud]] wuxuu u baxay la dagaalanka amiirka armiiniya [[tuuruus labaad]] markuu ka soo laabtay wuu dhintay 1156 xilkana waxaa qabtay [[qilij arsalaan labaad]]. ==Xigasho== juklx4hgk9o7l89n6eltwt1oevz25ed 0 37183 309933 309859 2026-10-02T00:55:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 309933 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dagaaladii ridada''' waa weeraro is xig xiga oo muslimiinta ku qaadeen qabiilada [[carabta]] ee ka laabatay diinta iyo kuwa diiday sakada, ka dib dhimasha rasuulka [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|muxamad]] scw iyo khilaafada [[Abu Bakr|Abuubakar al-sidiiq]], waxey socdeen dagaaladaan sanadihii [[11H]] iyo [[12H]]<ref group="la">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأخير1=Vaglieri|الأول1=Laura V.|عنوان=The Cambridge History of Islam|المجلد=1A|طبعة=الإلكترونيَّة|صفحة=58|مسار=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf|سنة=[[2005]]|ناشر=Cambridge University Press|مكان=[[كامبريدج|Cambridge]]|لغة=en|isbn=9780521219464|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225129/https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf{{!}}سنة= |date=20210830225129 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf{{!}}سنة= |date=20210830225129 }} {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7B%7B%21%7D%7D%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9%3D |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-date=2021-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225129/https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7B%7B%21%7D%7D%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9%3D |url-status=bot: unknown}}History-of-Islam-–-1a.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021}</ref> == Taariikhda == waxa uu dhintay [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabiga scw]] 12 bisha [[Rabic al-awwal|mowliid]] sanadkii [[11H]] oo waafaqsan 7 juun 632, ka dib markuu ku mideeyay dhamaan qabiilada carabta hal dawlad iyo iyo hal diin, laakin qabiilada badankood diinta si fiican uguma sugnaan, Nabiga scw oo wali nool ayaa waxaa [[Yemen|yaman]] kasoo baxay [[aswad al-cansi]] nabinimo ayuuna sheegtay, sidoo kale [[Museylima Al-kadaab|museylima]] ayaa [[yamaama]] kasoo baxay asna nabinimo ayuu sheegtay bal wuxuu ka dalbaday Nabiga scw inuu dhulka u qeybiyo<ref name="المتنبؤن">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد بن جرير الطبري|الطبري، أبو جعفر مُحمَّد بن جُرير]]|مؤلف2=تحقيق مُحمَّد أبو الفضل إبراهيم|عنوان=[[تاريخ الطبري|تاريخ الرُسل والمُلوك]]، الجُزء الثالث|إصدار=الثانية|صفحة=282 - 287|سنة=[[1387 هـ|1387هـ]] - [[1967]]م|ناشر=[[دار المعارف]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]}</ref> ayadoo sidaas ah ayuu geeriyooday [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabi muxamad]] scw markiiba waxaa meel kasta ku faaftay ridada, waxaa batay beenaalayaasha sheeganaya nabinimada, waxaa soo baxay [[duleyxa bin khuweylid]] iyo [[sajaaxa]], qabiilada qaar ayaa diideen sakada waxeyna sheegeen inay diinta ku ekeed dhimashada Nabiga scw, waxaa diinta ku haray kaliya reer [[Makka]] iyo reer [[Medina|Madiina]] iyo reer [[Daa'if]]. {{Gumud}} == Xigasho == [[Category:Islaam]] [[Category:Taariikh]] [[Category:Khulafo Raashidiin]] <references group="la" /> f14xztfkakweh9qicf3i7n4tcqspojw 0 52825 309929 309527 2026-10-01T13:36:03Z ~2026-52577-44 47642 309929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple issues| {{Essay-like|date=September 2026}} }} '''Kemetism''' (sidoo kale '''Kemeticism ama Kemetic paganism'''; mararka qaarkood waxaa loogu yeeraa '''Neterism''' oo laga soo qaatay netjer Ilaah) waa diin neopagan ah oo ku saleysan caqiidadii Masar-ti aadaankii, taas oo soo baxday intii lagu jiray 1970-meeyadii. Kemetic waa qof raaca Kemetism.<ref>{{cite news |last=Daugherty |first=Michelle |title=Kemetism. Ancient Religions in our Modern World |url=http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp455-fs14/2014/10/02/kemetism-ancient-religions-in-our-modern-world/ |access-date=18 January 2017 |work=Michigan State University |date=2 October 2014 |location=USA |archive-date=28 Bisha Labaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228030246/http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp455-fs14/2014/10/02/kemetism-ancient-religions-in-our-modern-world/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxaa jira dhowr kooxood oo waaweyn, kuwaas oo mid walba uu qaato hab kale oo ku saabsan caqiidadiisa, iyaga oo u dhexeeya eclectic ilaa reconstructionist. Kuwan waxaa loo qaybin karaa saddex nooc: Kemetism dib loo dhisay, hab syncretic ah, iyo Kemetic Orthodoxy ee monotheistic-ka ah.<ref>Harrison, PM (2012). ''Profane Egyptologists: The Revival and Reconstruction of Ancient Egyptian Religion''. UCL (University College London).</ref> == Asalka ereyga == [[File:Ta_Kemet.jpg|thumb|Hieroglyphic writing "Kemet"|left]] Magaca dhaqdhaqaaqa wuxuu ku saleysan yahay endonym ee Masar,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ta-noutri.com/tanoutri/pages/khemitisme.htm |title=Khémitisme, Tradition païenne égyptienne, la religion des anciens égyptiens |language=French |access-date=2008-08-21 |archive-date=2008-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219132633/http://www.ta-noutri.com/tanoutri/pages/khemitisme.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ORTHO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemet.org/kemexp1.html|title=What is Kemetic Orthodoxy? Introduction|language=English|access-date=2008-08-19|archive-date=2008-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911234223/http://www.kemet.org/kemexp1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kemet (codadka caadiga ah ee qoraalka hieroglyphic km.t). Erayga sidoo kale mararka qaarkood waxaa loo qoraa sida Takemet, oo ka yimid tꜣ km.t oo buuxa.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Verner |first1=Miroslav |author-link=Miroslav Verner |last2=Bareš |first2=Ladislav |author-link2=Ladislav Bareš |last3=Vachala |first3=Břetislav |author-link3=Břetislav Vachala |year=2007|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt|publisher=Libri|place=Prague|isbn=978-80-7277-306-0 |pages=168}}</ref> Turjubaanka laga soo qaatay luqadda Masar, waxay ka dhigan tahay "madow" (ama qaab dheer "dhulka madow"), taas oo ka soo jeeda midabka madow ee dhoobada bacrin ah ee uu keenay Niil inta lagu jiro fatahaadaha sanadlaha ah (hadda aan sii dhicin sababtoo ah jiritaanka Biyo-xidheenka Assuan). Kemetics mararka qaarkood waxay ugu yeeraan ilaahyadii Masar ee hore Netjeru, oo sidoo kale loogu yeero Neteru ama Netjer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netjer {{!}} Kemet.org |url=https://www.kemet.org/taxonomy/term/123 |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=www.kemet.org}}</ref> Kemetics sidoo kale badanaa waxay doorbidaan inay ugu yeeraan Netjeru orthography caadiga ah ee Masar-ti aadaankii asalka ahaa: tusaale ahaan, waxay ugu yeeri lahaayeen Horus sida Heru iyo Anubis sida Anpu. == Dib-u-dhisidda == [[File:Ra_Barque.jpg|thumb|The traditional ancient idea of a solar god in a barque; his daily voyage across the sky (𓇯)]][[File:Isis_1652.jpg|thumb|Ancient Isis (ancient Egyptian Isis) in modern imagery; she holds a sistrum in her hand]] Qaar ka mid ah Kemetics ama hermeticists waxay sheeganayaan xiriir toos ah oo lala yeesho bulshada qarsoodiga ah ee la sheegay inay si joogto ah u jireen tan iyo markii la mamnuucay Paganism-ka uu sameeyay boqortooyada Roomaanka Theodosius I sannadkii 392 CE, ama tan iyo xiritaankii macbudkii Masar ee ugu dambeeyay (ee ilaahiyadda Isis ee jasiiradda Philae) waxaa sameeyay Boqor Justinian qiyaastii 535.<ref>{{Cite book |last=David(ova) |first=Rosalie |title=Religion and Magic of Ancient Egypt |publisher=BB/art |year=2006 |isbn=80-7341-698-0 |place=Prague |pages=333 |translator-last1=Vymazalová |translator-first1=Hana}}</ref><ref>Verner, Bareš, Vachala, p. 139</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sheegashooyinkan waa kuwo aan taariikh ahaan la caddayn karin.<ref>{{Cite book |author=DeTraci Regula |title=Isis and her mysteries: understanding the universal goddess |publisher=Book Club |year=2002 |isbn=80-242-0806-7 |place=Prague |pages=35 |translator-last1=Muková |translator-first1=Ivana}}</ref> Tan iyo xilligii Hellenistic, diinta Masar-ti aadaankii waxay saameyn ku yeelatay nidaamyo badan oo caqiido ah.<ref name="HORNUNG9">{{Cite book |last=Hornung |first=Erik |author-link=Erik Hornung |year=2002 |title=Mysterious Egypt: the roots of Hermetic wisdom |publisher=Paseka |place=Prague |translator-first1=Allan |translator-last1=Plzák |isbn=80-7185-436-0 |pages=9n, 175n}}</ref> Tusaale ahaan, Hermeticism waxay ku saleysan tahay wax-baridda Hermes Trismegistus (oo ah isku-darka ilaaha Giriigga Hermes iyo ilaaha Masar Thoth). Christianity-gii hore iyo kii dhexe sidoo kale waxay ku dareen fikirka Masar-ti aadaankii, oo ay ku jiraan khuraafaadka dheeraadka ah ee Baydka ee joogitaanka Ciise Masiix ee Masar, aqoonsiga awoodda Hermes Trismegistos ee Aabayaasha Kaniisadda iyo falsafada Dhexe, ama la qabsiga khuraafaadka la xiriira ilaahiyadda Isis.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Forman |first1=Werner |surname2=Quirke |first2=Stephen |year=1996 |title=Afterlife on the Nile |publisher=Opus Publishing |place=London |pages=17, 177n |translator-first1=Ladislav |translator-last1=Bareš}}</ref><ref>Hornung, p. 74n</ref> Khuraafaadkan badanaa waxay u tarjumaan dhaqanka Masar-ti aadaankii, diinta, iyo ilaahyada si calaamadaysan.<ref>see, e.g., {{Cite book |last=Kefer |first=John |author-link=Jan Kefer |year=1991 |title=Synthetic Magic |publisher=Trigon |place=Prague |isbn=80-85320-18-5 |pages=136n}}</ref> Taas beddelkeeda, ujeeddada kooxaha Kemetic waa soo celinta in ka yar ama ka badan oo adag ee nidaamka diinta ee qaabkeeda taariikhiga ah, in kasta oo Kemetists guud ahaan ay qirayaan in nuqul sax ah oo buuxa oo ah dhaqamada qadiimiga ah aan mar walba suurtagal ahayn ama xataa la talin karo.<ref name="NAYDLER8">{{Cite book |last1=Naydler |first1=Jeremy |year=1999 |title=Temple of the Cosmos: the Ancient Egyptian Experience of the Sacred |publisher=Volvox Globator |place=Prague |isbn=80-7207-245-5 |pages=8n |translator-first1=Miroslav |translator-last1=Krůta}}</ref> Diinta Masar-ti aadaankii waxay soo martay isbeddello adag oo wakhti ka waqti ah waxaana loo caabuday si kala duwan meelo kala duwan.<ref>{{Cite book |surname=David(ova) |first1=Rosalie |year=2006 |title=Religion and Magic of Ancient Egypt |publisher=BB/art |place=Prague |isbn=80-7341-698-0 |pages=68 |translator-first1=Hana |translator-last1=Vymazalová}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Assmann |first=Jan |author-link=Jan Assmann |year=2002 |title=Egypt: theology and piety of an early civilization |publisher=Oikuméné |place=Prague |isbn=80-7298-052-1 |pages= |translator-first1=Barbora |translator-last1=Krumphanzlová |translator-first2=Ladislav |translator-last2=Bareš}}</ref> Hal ilaah wuxuu yeelan karaa xiriirro khuraafaad oo kala duwan iyo siyaabo caabudaad oo ku jira nomes shakhsi ah ama xataa macbudyo shakhsi ah. Way adagtahay in la raadiyo qaab dhab ah oo asal ah oo ah diinta Masar oo si fudud loo tilmaami karo oo dib loo dhisi karo (eeg Reconstructionism). == Mabaadi'da Kemetism-ka == {{CSS image crop|Image=The judgement of the dead in the presence of Osiris.jpg|cHeight=120|cWidth=250|oTop=50|bSize=1100|oLeft=9|Location=right|Description=Hunefer wuxuu jilba joogsadaa si uu u caabudo hortooda shirkad ilaahyo ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=papyrus {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA9901-3 |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=www.britishmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref>}} [[File:800px-Louvre_Re_tete_faucon2.jpg|thumb|Sun god as "Lord of Order"]] Hal mabda' muhiim ah oo Kemetism ah waa maat, nidaam. Fikraddan waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah saldhigyada fikirka diimeed ee dadkii hore ee Masar - dhawrkeeda waxaa loogu talagalay inay xaqiijiso xasiloonida adduunka iyo socodkeeda nidaamsan. Muhiimadeeda waxaa ka muuqata xaqiiqda ah xataa faraonkii, oo loo fahmay inuu ahaa qof ilaah ah, inta badan waxaa lagu eedeeyay inuu mas'uuliyad ka saaran yahay oo uu wax ku biiriyo maat. Astaanta fikradda diinta Masar-ti aadaankii waxay ahayd ilaahiyadda magaca leh Maat iyo calaamadeeda baaliga gorayada. Natiijo ahaan, ixtiraamka xeerarka dhammaan noocyada ah ee qof kasta wuxuu ahaa mid la mid ah taageerada iyo dayactirka nidaamka caalamiga ah, halka aan la dhawrin ay horseedi karto burburkeeda. Burburka maat wuxuu horseedi lahaa dhimashada adduunka iyo guusha fowdada. Si loo raadiyo maat, dadka ku dhaqma Kemetism waxay raaci karaan fikradaha anshaxa ee adkaada iyo akhlaaqda wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jiro qoraal si cad u xiraya oo qeexaya caadooyinka anshaxa. == Dhaqanka diinta == [[File:Naos_kemeti.JPG|thumb|A Kemetic altar with a small offering]] [[File:Mezaenaset's household Kemetic Shrine.jpg|thumb|Household Kemetic shrine]] Dhaqanka Masar-ti aadaankii wuxuu sharfay maat, fikrad ka kooban runta iyo sharafta. Caabudaadda cibaadada ee ilaahyada ee raadinta maat sidaas darteed waxaa loo arkaa mid quduus ah. Ilaahyadii hore ee Masar ee caanka ahaa ee la caabudo waxaa ka mid ah Ra, Amun, Isis iyo Osiris, Thoth, Sekhmet, Bastet, Hathor, iyo kuwo kale. Caabudaaddani guud ahaan waxay qaadataa qaab ducada, qurbaan, iyo dejinta meelaha allabariga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-08 |title=Kemetic Starter Guide |url=https://thetwistedrope.wordpress.com/kemeticism/kemetic-starter-guide/ |access-date=2018-12-12 |website=The Twisted Rope |language=en}}</ref> Meelaha allabariga waxaa inta badan la dhisyaa iyadoo la isticmaalaya taallo ama matalaad laba-cabbir ah oo ka mid ah hal ama in ka badan oo ilaahyo ah, maadaama ay u adeegaan sidii xarunta diiradda ee caabudaadda.<ref>{{Cite book |author=DeTraci Regula |year=2002 |title=Isis a její mystéria : poznání univerzální bohyně |publisher=Book Club |pages=17 |isbn=80-242-0806-7 |place=Prague |translator-first1=Ivana |translator-last1=Muková}}</ref> Waxyaabaha dheeraadka ah ee meesha allabariga waxaa ka mid ah shumac, qurbaan loogu talagalay, tusbaxyo duco, gubasho uunsiga, iyo hal ama in ka badan oo suxuun ah oo loogu talagalay qurbaanka cuntada.<ref>{{Cite book |last=LaBorde |first=Sharon |title=Following the Sun: A Practical Guide to Egyptian Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/followingsunprac0000labo |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-365-87722-3 |edition=New Revised}}</ref> Inta badan qurbaanka Kemetic waxay isku dayaan inay ilaashadaan dhaqanka, iyagoo bixinaya shay isku mid ah ama la mid ah oo ay Masriyiintii hore bixin lahaayeen. == Ururada Kemetism-ka == === Kemetic Orthodoxy === {{Main|Kemetic Orthodoxy}} [[File:Truth and Mother Temple.jpg|thumbnail|The Truth and the Mother, the main shrine of Kemetic Orthodoxy]] Bulshada Mareykanka ee Kemetic Orthodoxy waxaa la aas aasay 1980-meeyadii. Waxay isu keentaa xubno ka kala yimid gobollo kala duwan, iyo sida uu qabo dabeecadeeda, waxay isku daydaa inay raacdo dhaqanka Masar sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah oo ay dib u soo noolayso.<ref name="kemet.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemet.org/nisutAUS.html|title=Biography of Hekatawa I, our Nisut (AUS)|language=English|access-date=2008-08-19|archive-date=2011-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111174240/http://www.kemet.org/nisutAUS.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gabi ahaanba ruuxaas, waxaa madax u ah maamul (hadda Tamara Siuda) oo isticmaalaya qaar ka mid ah cinwaannada iyo sifooyinka kale ee Faraonnadii hore ee Masar. Waxaa loo fahmay inay tahay qaab-muujinta hadda ee ka boqortooyada ah, dahabka ku dhex jira ruuxa Hora, oo ah dhinac ka mid ah ilaahnimada oo lagu muujiyey qaab bini'aadam ah oo ah hoggaamiye ruuxi ah bulshada dhexdeeda.<ref name="kemet.org"/> Dhanka kale, waa dhaqdhaqaaqan halkaas oo ka bixitaanka fikradda dhaqameed (oo ah tan ugu dhow diinta Masar) ee ilaah/ilaahyada, lagu muujiyey fikradda monolatry oo ah caqiidada rasmiga ah, ay tahay mid aad u cad.<ref name="ORTHO" /> === Fellowship of Isis === {{Main|Fellowship of Isis}} Nooc kale oo ka mid ah ururka Kemetic waa Fellowship of Isis, oo lagu sameeyay Ireland. Waxay kaga duwan tahay inta badan kuwa kale in, iyadoo la raacaya qaabka xilligii dambe ee dareenka henoteistic, ay diiradda saarto cibaadada ilaahiyadda Isis, oo loo beddelay jawiga Giriigga qadiimiga ah iyo Roomaanka. Sidaa darteed dhaqanka Masar waa la beddelay isaga oo ay ugu wacan tahay tarjumaaddoodii hore, syncretism diimeed, iyo multiculturalism casriga ah.<ref>See the book {{Cite book |first=DeTraci |last=Regula |year=2002 |title=Isis and her mysteries: the knowledge of a universal goddess |publisher=Book Club |place=Prague |translator-first1=Ivana |translator-last1=Muková |isbn=80-242-0806-7}}, which is not, however, the official text of the community.</ref> === Ausar Auset Society === {{Main|Ausar Auset Society}} Ausar Auset Society waa urur ruuxi ah oo Pan-African ah oo la aas aasay 1973 waxaa aas aasay Ra Un Nefer Amen.<ref>{{cite book |last=Asante & Mazama |title=''Encyclopedia of Black Studies'' |publisher=Sage Publications |year=2005 |page=104}}</ref> Waxay xarunteedu tahay Brooklyn, New York. Waxay isticmaalaan bilicda Masar-ti aadaankii sida saldhigga diintooda. === Kuwo kale === Bulshooyinka kale ee Kemetist waxaa ka mid ah The Living Nuhati, iyo Ta Noutri ee Faransiiska ah ee shaqada ka tagtay.<ref>Ta Noutri is referred to as a Kemetic organization by the website [http://liens.religion.info/index.php?id=186 Religioscope] {{Wayback|url=http://liens.religion.info/index.php?id=186 |date=20071124085529 }} iyo the website [http://www.unisson06.org/annuaire/liens_spiritualite.htm Unisson]</ref> == Fiiro gaar ah == {{Reflist}} == Tixraacyada == {{More footnotes needed|date=May 2011}} * Marilyn C. Krogh; Brooke Ashley Pillifant, ''Kemetic Orthodoxy: Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Internet: A Research Note'', Sociology of Religion (2004). *Ellen Cannon Reed, ''Circle of Isis: Ancient Egyptian Magic for Modern Witches'' (2002), {{ISBN|978-1-56414-568-0}}. *J. G. Melton, ''Encyclopedia of American Religions'', 5th ed., Detroit (1996). == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category-inline|Kemetism}} j28jjtg62kzjylnc2yv40dc7pwu8rtr 0 53395 309925 2026-10-01T12:14:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 309925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | image = | image_coa = | coordinates = {{coord|50|59|34|N|12|21|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Monstab in ABG.png | state = | district = Altenburger Land | municipal_association_type = Rositz | elevation_m = 195 | area_total_km2 = 5.66 | postal_code = 04617 | area_code = 034498 | registration_plate = ABG | municipality_code = 16 0 77 034 | subdivisions = 5 | website = [http://www.monstab-web.de/ www.monstab-web.de] | mayor = Uwe Vogel<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> | leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 | leader_party = }} '''Monstab''' waa degmo ka tirsansan gobolka [[Altenburger Land]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Germany]]. Monstab waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 6 kilomitir galbeed ka xigta [[Altenburg]]. ==Taariikhda== Gudaha [[German Empire]] (1871–1918), Monstab waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg]]. ==Dad caan ah== * [[Jrenäus Gersdorf]] (1809–1860), maktabadaha, ku dhashay Monstab<ref>{{cite web | title=Gersdorf, Jrenäus | first=Jesko |last=Reiling|website=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz | date=8 April 2020 | url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/058885/2020-04-08 | access-date=2 March 2026}}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} g58h1wzg24sgy5ec0aueyve7tpurrh6 0 53396 309926 2026-10-01T12:17:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 309926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | image_coa = DEU Mörnsheim COA.svg | image = Blick von der Burg auf Mörnsheim.jpg | caption = Mörnsheim seen from the nearby hills | coordinates = {{coord|48|53|N|11|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Mörnsheim in EI.svg | state = | region = Oberbayern | district = Eichstätt | elevation_m = 408 | area_total_km2 = 33.45 | postal_code = 91804 | area_code = 09145 | registration_plate = EI | municipality_code = 09 1 76 148 | subdivisions = 5 [[Ortsteil]]e | website = [https://www.moernsheim.de www.moernsheim.de] | mayor = Richard Mittl<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 | leader_party = }} '''Mörnsheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈmœʁnshaɪm}}), ama '''Moernsheim''', waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Eichstätt (district)|Eichstätt]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee dalka Jarmalka. Waxay ku taallaa webiga [[Gailach]] iyo [[Mörnsheim Formation|dhagxaanta ku xeeran]] oo ku taariikhaysan [[Late Jurassic]] ([[Tithonian]]).<ref name="Rauhut2019">{{cite journal |last1=Rauhut |first1=Oliver WM |last2=Tischlinger |first2=Helmut |last3=Foth |first3=Christian |title=A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany |journal=eLife |date=14 May 2019 |volume=8 |article-number=e43789 |pmid=31084702 |pmc=6516837 |doi=10.7554/eLife.43789 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mornsheim}} m2c7ei20va3qw9eur0jc3ro5397qsye 0 53397 309927 2026-10-01T12:19:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 309927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | type = Ortsgemeinde | image = Morscheid 2010.jpg | image_coa = DEU Morscheid COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|49|43|57|N|6|44|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Morscheid in TR.svg | state = | district = Trier-Saarburg | municipal_association_type = Ruwer | elevation_m = 245 | area_total_km2 = 5.48 | postal_code = 54317 | area_code = 06500 | registration_plate = TR | municipality_code = 07 2 35 090 | website = [http://www.morscheid.de www.morscheid.de] | mayor = Josef Weber<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Trier-Saarburg], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 | leader_party = }} '''Morscheid''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Trier-Saarburg]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} {{Authority control}} 9xm774z6a83u5c7ikfuykvvy0m6tjpw