Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2008 310037 282149 2026-10-05T09:52:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = | native_name = ''Shabeellaha Dhexe'' | other_name = Middle Shabelle | nickname = | motto = | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobol]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_shield = | image_map = Somalia regions map Shabeellaha Dhexe.svg | mapsize = |pushpin_map =Somalia | map_caption = Goobta Koonfurta Soomaaliya. | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Maamul Goboleedka]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Hirshabeelle.png|size=23px}} [[Hirshabeelle]] | seat_type = Caasimada | seat = [[Jowhar]] | government_type = Dowlad Goboleedka | leader_title = Gudoomiye | leader_name = Axmed Meyere Makaraan<ref name="Etfdre">{{cite web|title=News in Brief, 21st March 2014|url=http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/news_archive/A%20Week%20in%20the%20Horn%2021.03.14.pdf|publisher=Embassy of The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia|access-date=11 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714120646/http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/news_archive/A%20Week%20in%20the%20Horn%2021.03.14.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | established_title = La asaasay | established_date = 10/10/2016 | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 22,663 | population_as_of = 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Somalia: Subdivision and cities |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/somalia/|access-date=2024-02-14 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> | population_note = | population_total = 5.3M | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | coordinates = {{coord|6|6|47|N|47|59|17|E|region:SO-MS|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:SO|SO-SD]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SO | title = ISO 3166 — Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions | publisher = International Organization for Standardization (ISO) | access-date = 3 February 2025}}</ref> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.315<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#500|low}} · [[Liiska gobollada Soomaaliya marka loo eego Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha|12th of 18]] | website = | official_name = }} '''Shabeellaha Dhexe''' ({{lang-en|Middle Shebelle}}; {{lang-ar|شبيلي الوسطى}}; {{Audio|Dhawaqa_Shabellaha_dhexe.ogg|dhawaaqa}} waa gobol ka tirsan [[Gobolada_Soomaaliya|18 gobol]] ee Jamhuuriyada [[Soomaaliya]], waxa uuna dhacaa Koonfurta Soomaaliya. Gobolkan waxaa mara Webiga [[Wabiga_Shabeelle|Shabeelle]] iyo [[Badweynta Hindiya]] oo dhinac marta. Magaalo madaxda Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] waa [[Jowhar]]. ==Hordhac== Shabeellaha Dhexe deegaan ahaan waxaa ugu dhul iyo tiro badan beesha Abgaal. Waxaa kalo dego qabiilo kala oo ah Moobleen, Hilibi, Shiidle iyo Gaaljecel.. Abgaal waxaa degaan u ah dhamaan dhinaca Xeebta oo loo yaqaan Deexda. Sidoo kale degaanada ku teedsan Webiga Shabeelle oo loo yaqaan Jiin-Webi ayaa waxaa Beelaha Abgaal si qaas ah ula degan Beesha Jareer Weyne. Dhulkaas oo ah mid baaxadiisu ay ka dheer tahay masaafo ka badan boqol kiilomitir (100 km) ayaa ah degaan ku fiican beerashada. Dhererka Xeebta Gobolka Sh/Dhexe oo ah inta u dhaxeysa degaanka Ceel-Cade oo dhaca Waqooyiga Caasimada Muqdisho ilaa iyo Tuulada Ceel Bacad laguna qiyaaso masaafo ka badan 230km. Degmooyin xeebeedka Gobolka ayaa ah Warshiikh iyo Cadale iyo tuulooyinka hoos yimaada. Sidoo kale Degmooyinka uu Gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe ka kooban yahay ayaa ah Jowhar,Jiliyaale, Balcad, Mahadaay Weyn, Cadale, Warshiikh, Raage Ceele, Aadan Yabaal iyo Ruun-Nirgood. Jiliyaale waxa ay dhacdaa dhan qoraxsin ee gobalka waa magaalo istaraatiiji ah oo isku xirto goballada shabellada dhexe, Hiraan, Bay, Bakool iyo waliba shabeelada hoose waa magaalo muhiim u ah ganacsiga xoolaha iyo beeraha ee gobolka, Waxyaabaha Gobolka Sh/Dhexe laga xusi karo ayaa waxaa ka mid ah in Gobolku uu xuduud la leeyahay afarta Gobol ee kala ah Hiiraan, Sh/hoose, Banaadir & Galgaduud. Shabeellaha Dhexe waxa uu dhanka qorax ka soo baxa deris kala yahay Badweynta Hindiya. Dhaqaalaha Gobolka Sh/Dhexe waxa uu ku xiran yahay Beeraha, Xoolaha & Kaluumeysiga. Waana gobol weyn oo leh bad iyo berri aad u barwaaqo ah. Gobolku waxa uu sidoo kale caan ku yahay in uu ahaa gobolkii ugu horeeyay ee Jamhuuriyada oo bariis lagu beero iyo inuu lahaa Warshado wax soo saar leh sida tan Dharka ee Balcad (SOMALITEX) iyo tan Sonkorta ee Jowhar (SNAI). Gobolku waxa kale uu caan ku yahay cayaaraha Kubadaha Cagta & Koleyga. Waxaana Dagaalada Sokeeye ka hor Gobolka ka dhisnaa kooxdii la oran jiray Snai(Jowhar) oo ka mid aheyd 10-kii koox ee ka tirsanaa Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta ee Heerka Koowaad(Seria A) & Kooxdii kale ee Kubadda Koleyga ee magaceedu ahaa Somalitex(Balcad). Sidoo kale Xulka Gobolka Sh/Dhexe ayaa sanadku markuu ahaa 1987-dii ku guuleystay Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta ee Gobollada Soomaaliya, ka dib markii koobkii loo dhigay Gobollada Dalka ay cayaartii kama dambeysta aheyd 1 iyo 0 kaga guuleysteen Xulkii ka socday Gobolka Waqooyi Galbeed. == Taariikh == Baaxadda Gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe oo ah 60,000 km oo isku soo wareeg ah ayaa waxaa Dagaaladii Sokeeye ka hor Gobolka ku noolaa ummad tiradoodu ay aheyd 2 milyan. Laakiin waqtiga hadda la jooggo(2016) ayaa waxa uu Maamulka Gobolka ku qiyaasaa in tirada Shacabka ku nool Gobolka ay gaarayaan 1.5 milyan, kuwaas oo 60% ay yihiin xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley ku nool dhanka Baadiyaha. Taariikhda Gobolka aad ayeey u fac dheer tahay. Waxyaabaha aad loogu lagu xasuusto Gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe waxaa ka mid ah gumeysi naceybka sabab u noqday in Gobolka uu noqdo goobtii ugu horeysay ee lagu la dagaalamo Gumeystihii Talyaaniga, laguna dilo markii taariikhda Soomaaliya ugu horeysay dad shisheeye ah oo u dhashay dalka Talyaaniga, kuwaas oo sanadka markuu ahaa 1875 degmada Warshiikh kaga soo duulay dhinaca Xeebta. Sidoo kale Ciidamo gumeysi doon Itoobiyaan ah oo ku soo duulay Gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe ayaa sanadku markuu ahaa 1905 ay la kulmeen jab iyo halaag, ka dib markii ciidamadooda weerark ahaa lagu jabiyey dagaal ka dhacay degmada Balcad oo waqtigaas loo yaqaaan magaca TEY-TEYLEEY. Halyeeyadii Gumeysi Diidka ee af iyo addin kula dagaalay ciidamada gumeysiga ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Sheekh Xasan Sheekh Nuur Sheekh Axmed (Sh. Xasan Barsane) oo isaga hogaamiye u ahaa dagaaladii lagu jebiyay gumeysigii taliyaaniga iyo kuwii gumeysi isku dayga itoobiya shekhu waxa uu abaabulay ciidan kabadan 30,000 oo fardaley ah oo uu kula dagaalamay labadi dhan ee weerarka ku soo qaaday dhulka Soomaaliyeed, Sheekh Axmed Sheekh Abiikar Xasan (Sh. Axmed Wacdiyow), Xasan Geedi Abtow iyo qaar kale oo aan halkaan lagu soo wada koobi karin. Waxaa iyadana xusid mudan in saddex Madaxweyne iyo laba Ra’isul Wasaare oo Dalka soo maray ay u dhasheen Gobolka Sh/Dexe. Gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe waxa uu ka mid yahay Afarta Gobol ee ka tirsan Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya ee isku darsaday Bad iyo Wabi. Waxa uuna qani ku yahay Kheyraadka Badda, Wax soo saarka Beeraha iyo Dhaqashada Xoolaha. Waxaa intaas Gobolka Sh/Dhexe u sii dheer Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha. Gobolku waxa uu nasiib u yeeshay inuu noqdo Gobolkii u horeeyay ee lagu beero dalaga Bariiska, lagana dhiso Warshadihii u horeeyay ee uu Dalku yeesho sida Warshada Sonkorta ee Jowhar 1962 iyo Warshada Dharka ee Balcad 1968. Waxaa sidoo kale 1970-meeyadii laga dhisay Degmada Mahadaay Weyn Warshadii Sameynta Rasaasta iyo Hubka. === Dhaqamo Hore === Xadaaradda iyo horumarka G/Shabeellaha Dhexe waxaa ka mid ah in ka hor Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka uu Gobolku lahaa Tariin Xadiid ah oo isaga kala goosha magaalooyinka Xamar iyo Jowhar. Dagaalada Sokeeye ka hor waxa uu Gobolku sidoo kale lahaa laba Naadi oo ka ciyaara Kooxaha Heerka Koowaad ee Dalka. Waana kooxdii Kubada Koleyga ee laga lahaa Warshada Dharka & Suufka ee Balcad(Somalitex) iyo kooxda kalee Kubada Cagta oo ay maalgelisay Warshada Sonkorta ee Jowhar(Snai). Waqtigii madoobaa ee Dagaalada Sokeeye ay Dalka aafeyeen waxaa aad loogu faa'iiday Dekadihii macmalka ahaa ee Ceel-Macaan iyo Cadale iyo sidoo kale Garoomadii Dayaaradaha ee Cisaley iyo Jowhar. === Degmooyinka Gobolka === *[[Jowhar]] *Balcad *Mahadaay *Cadale *Warshiikh *Raage Ceele *[[Nuur Dugle]] *Ruun Nirgood *[[Aadan Yabaal]] *Ruun-Nirgood *Mahadaay *Gamboole *Ceelbaraf *Jameeca Jilyaale *Cali Guduud == Caafimaadka, Kheyraadka Dabiiciga & Maamulka == Dhanka caafimaadka Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay ceelal biyood dabooli kara baahida shacabka. Waxaa sidoo kale Gobolka ka jira xarumo caafimaad oo tobaneeyo gaaraya. Inkastoo baahida ku aadan xagga caafimaadka aysan weli kaafin karin xarumaha hadda jira ayaa haddana waxay u muuqataa in si qunyar socod ah ay u sii kordhayaan goobaha caafimaadka iyo takhaatiirta ka howl gasha Gobolka Sh/Dhexe. Taasina waxay la micna tahay in mustaqbalka dhow uu Gobolku gaari doonno isku filnaansho xagga caafimaadka ah. sidoo kale waxaa jira Farmashiyayaal si gaar ah loo leeyahay kuwaas oo wax wayn ka haqab tiray dhanka caafimaadka waxayna isugu jiraan qaar Jumlo & Tafaariiq waxaana ka mida Abuu Hureyra Farmashi oo ku yaal degmada Jowhar sidoo kale Al-Ixsaan Farmashi oo qaab Hosbitaal camal u shaqeeya waxaana yaala qalab Casri ah Tan Macaadinta iyo Kheyraadka Dahsoon ayaa ah halla aan weli la fara gashan oo u baahan baaritaano hor leh. Waxa kaliya oo ilaa iyo hadda la ogyahay ayaa ah Macdanta Manganiiska (Manganese). Waxaa iyadana marag ma doonto ah in guud ahaan Geyiga Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya uu dhex ceegaago kheyraad fara badan. Dhanka is-maamulka Gobolka ayaa ah mid gaarsiisan min degmo ilaa iyo heer tuulo. Dhamaan degaan weynaha Gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe ayaa waxaa ka jira maamulo iyo kala dambeyn sabab u ah in Gobolku uu leeyahay nabad & xasilooni waarta. == Waxbarashada == Xagga aqoonta iyo waxbarashada Gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe ayaa ah mid Gobolku uu leeyahay Dugsiyo Hoose, Dhexe & Sare. Waxa kale oo Gobolka ka dhisan Machadyo heerkoodu gaarsiisan yahay ilaa iyo darajada koowaad ee Jaamacada(Bachelor's degree). Waxaana halkaas ka howl gala aqoonyahano iyo macalimiin leh tayo wanaagsan. Sidoo kale waxaa jiray College-kii ku yiilay Mishinka kaasoo la oran jiray Shabeele Secondaray School arday badane ay wax ku baran jireen waxaana looga imaan jiray degmooyinka Gobolka uu ka kooban yahay. == sido kale fiiri == <br /> * {{CIA World Factbook link|so|Somalia}} ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714120646/http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/news_archive/A%20Week%20in%20the%20Horn%2021.03.14.pdf "Wararka Kooban, 21st March 2014"] [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SO "ISO 3166 - Xeerarka matalaadda magacyada dalalka iyo qayb-hoosaadkooda"] [https://www.citypopulation.de/en/somalia/ "Soomaaliya: Qayb-hoosaad iyo magaalooyin"] [https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ "HDI- heer qaran-hoosaad - Xogta Aagga - Shaybaarka Xogta Caalamiga ah"] [http://allafrica.com/stories/201407310912.html "Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya Waxay Ansaxisay Maamul Gobolleedka Dhexe"] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-assessment-report-mechanisms-and-needs-population-living-jowhar-adale-and "Somalia: Warbixinta qiimeynta hababka iyo baahiyaha dadka ku nool Jowhar, Cadale, iyo Cadal Yabaal, Warsheekh ee gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe - Soomaaliya"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250520005819/https://sites.pitt.edu/~ginie/somalia/pdf/mishabe.pdf "Horta Shabeelada Dhexe"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250520005819/https://sites.pitt.edu/~ginie/somalia/pdf/mishabe.pdf "Gobolka: Gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe"] [https://www.berghof-foundation.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publications/Other_Resources/Berghof_MS_Assessment_Report_Final.pdf "Maktabadeena"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200804033945/http://www.pitt.edu/~ginie/somalia/pdf/mishabe.pdf " GOBOLKA: GOBOLKA SHABEELAHA DHEXE"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/121024_Administrative_Map_Middle_Shabelle_A4.pdf Khariidadda maamulka ee Shabeellaha Dhexe] nm1jzyxfewpse27mvsrrxt5w2tz5cyh 0 3973 310023 309934 2026-10-05T02:50:54Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | type = Magaalo | official_name = Damala Hagare | image = Damalaxagare.jpg | pushpin_map = Somalia | caption = | map_size = 150px | map_caption = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Soomaaliya | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Sanaag]] | subdivision_type2 = maakhir | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Ceerigaabo|Ceerigaabo]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_note = | area_total = | area_land = | area_water = | population_as_of = 2007<ref>{{Cite web |author=WFP Somalia |date=April 2007 |url=https://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp144576.pdf?iframe |title=Puntland Food Security and Vulnerability Assessment|accessdate=2021-06-17}}</ref> | population_total = 45,000 | population_metro = | population_density = | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone = | elevation = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Damala Xagare''' waa magaaro soo koraysa oo ku taal gobolka [[Sanaag]] ee Soomaaliya. '''Damala Xagare''' waa magaalo si weyn u koreysa oo ku taal gobolka Sanaag ee Soomaaliya. Waxay u adeegtaa sidii xarun dhaqaale iyo bulsho oo muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay bulshooyinka miyiga ah ee ku xeeran. Dhulka juqraafiyeed ee ku xeeran magaalada waxaa lagu gartaa dhul daaqsimeed ballaaran oo siman, oo loo yaqaanno "Dooxadda Dureera", taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon labadaba beeraha iyo xoolaha, oo ah laba hawlood oo dhaqaale oo muhiim ah oo taageera nolosha dadka deegaanka. Iyada oo ay ku nool yihiin dad ka badan 45,000, '''Damala Xagare''' waxay soo martay koror joogto ah, kaas oo ay dhiirrigelisay kordhinta degitaanka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee gobolka. Astaamaha muhiimka ah ee magaalada waxaa ka mid ah dhul ay ku badan yihiin ceelal biyoodyo dabiici ah, kuwaas oo bixiya il biyo oo muhiim ah oo loo isticmaalo guriga, beeraha, iyo xoolaha. Biyahan dabiiciga ah waxay si weyn uga qayb qaataan koritaanka magaalada, wax-soo-saarka beeraha, waxayna taageeraan bulshooyinka xoolaleyda ah. '''Damala Xagare''' waxay leedahay nidaam waxbarasho oo horumaraya, oo ay ku jiraan dugsi sare, dugsi hoose, iyo dugsi dhexe, kuwaas oo siiya waxbarasho aas-aasiga ah dhallinyarada magaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, helitaanka waxbarashada sare iyo tababarka gaarka ah waa kuwo xadidan, taas oo ku qasbeysa in loo safro magaalooyinka waaweyn si loo helo waxbarasho sare. Magaaladu sidoo kale waxay leedahay xarun caafimaad oo weyn, oo ay ku jirto xarunta caafimaadka hooyada iyo dhallaanka (MCH). Xaruntani waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa bixinta adeegyada caafimaadka lagama maarmaanka ah, gaar ahaan caafimaadka hooyada iyo dhallaanka, kuwaas oo ah meelaha muhiimka ah ee caafimaadka ee miyiga Soomaaliya. Inkasta oo ay jiraan adeegyadan caafimaadka, xaruntu waxay wajaheysaa caqabado sida agab caafimaad oo xadidan, yaraanshaha xirfadlayaasha caafimaadka ee tababbaran sida umulisooyinka iyo kalkaaliyeyaasha caafimaadka bulshada, iyo baahida loo qabo in la ballaariyo adeegyada si wax looga qabto baahiyaha caafimaad ee dadka sii kordhaya. Guud ahaan, '''Damala Xagare''' waa magaaro horumaraysa oo leh awood dhaqaale iyo bulsho oo muhiim ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maalgashi dheeraad ah oo lagu sameeyo kaabayaasha, waxbarashada, iyo adeegyada caafimaadka ayaa lagama maarmaan u noqon doona si loo taageero koritaankeeda joogtada ah loona hagaajiyo wanaagga dadkeeda deegaanka. ==Taariikhda dhow== Noofembar 2005, gobolka Sanaag waxaa la sheegay inuu la kulmayo biyo la'aan, waxaana Damala Xagare ay ahayd mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu daran ee ay saameysay.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Biyo laan ka dhacday gobolada Sanaag |newspaper=BBC |date=2005-11-16 |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/news/story/2005/11/printable/051116_biyo |accessdate=2021-05-27 }}</ref> March 2013, shir nabadgelyo oo dhex maray Beelaha [[Warsangali]] iyo [[Dhulbahante]] ayaa lagu qabtay Damala Xagare.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BADHASAABKA IYO TALIYAHA BOOLISKA SANAAG BARRI EE SOMALILAND OO KA QAYB GALAY SHIR LAGU SOO AF-JARAYO SHAQAAQOOYIN DHEX MARAY LABADA BEELOOD EE DHULBAHANTE IYO WARSANGALI |newspaper=ceerigaabo.com |date=2013-03-04 |url=http://ceerigaabo.com/2013/03/04/badhasaabka-iyo-taliyaha-booliska-sanaag-barri-ee-somaliland-oo-ka-qayb-galay-shir-lagu-soo-af-jarayo-shaqaaqooyin-dhex-maray-labada-beelood-ee-dhulbahante-iyo-warsangali/ |accessdate=2021-05-27 }}</ref> Sebtembar 2014, Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga ee Somaliland ayaa isku dayay inuu ka qaybgalo kulan ka dhacayay Beelaha [[Warsangali]] ee [[Hingalol]], laakiin ma awoodin inuu sameeyo wuxuuna ku go'doomay Damala Xagare.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wasiir CADAMI Oo Ku Go’doonsan Damala-Xagare Iyo Shirkii Xiin-galool Oo Lasoo Afmeeray |newspaper=hubaalmedia.net |date=2014-09-07 |url=https://www.hubaalmedia.net/wasiir-cadami-oo-ku-godoonsan-damala-xagare-iyo-shirkii-xiin-galool-oo-lasoo-afmeeray/ |accessdate=2021-05-27 |archive-date=2021-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527115358/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/wasiir-cadami-oo-ku-godoonsan-damala-xagare-iyo-shirkii-xiin-galool-oo-lasoo-afmeeray/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> May 2019, ciidamada Somaliland iyo Puntland ayaa ku dagaalamay Damala Xagare.<ref>{{Cite news |title=DEG DEG: Ciidamada Somaliland Iyo Kuwa Puntland Oo Ku Dagaalamay Magaalada Damalla-Xagare Ee Koonfurta Gobolka Gobolka Sanaag. |newspaper=dalmarnews.com |date=2019-05-21 |url=https://dalmarnews.com/2019/05/21/deg-deg-ciidamada-somaliland-iyo-kuwa-puntland-oo-ku-dagaalamay-magaalada-damalla-xagare-ee-koonfurta-gobolka-gobolka-sanaag/ |accessdate=2022-01-09 |archive-date=2022-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109013645/https://dalmarnews.com/2019/05/21/deg-deg-ciidamada-somaliland-iyo-kuwa-puntland-oo-ku-dagaalamay-magaalada-damalla-xagare-ee-koonfurta-gobolka-gobolka-sanaag/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tirada guud ee dhimashada labada dhinac waxaa lagu qiyaasay sagaal.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wararkii ugu Dambeeyay Dagaalkii Damalla Xagare-COD |newspaper=The World News |date=2019-05-22 |url=https://theworldnews.net/so-news/wararkii-ugu-dambeeyay-dagaalkii-damalla-xagare-cod |accessdate=2021-05-27 }}</ref> Bishii Juun, ciidanka Somaliland ayaa geeyay ciidamo, oo ay ku jiraan gaadiid gaashaaman, [[Yubbe]], [[Hadaftimo]], iyo Damala Xagare si ay u sugaan amniga xadka ee ka imaanaya Puntland.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Somaliland Sends troop reinforcement in Sanaag region |newspaper=somalilandstandard.com |date=2019-01-07 |url=https://somalilandstandard.com/somaliland-sends-troop-reinforcement-in-sanaag-region/ |accessdate=2021-01-09 }}</ref> Sebtembar 2019, bulshada deegaanka Damala Xagare ayaa ansixisay go'aan ka dhan ah dhuxulaysiga, kaasoo sababa khasaare deegaanka ah.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Olole ka dhan ah xaalufinta deegaanka oo ka biloowday gobollada Sool iyo Sanaag |newspaper=hiiraan.com |date=2019-09-11 |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2019/sept/wararka_maanta11-161788.htm |accessdate=2021-09-09 }}</ref> ==Dadweynaha== Magaalada Damala Xagare waa mid gaar ah marka la eego qaab-dhismeedkeeda iyo cabbirkeeda. Waxay qayb ahaan u qaybsan tahay laba deegaan ama degmo. Bahogeyslabe, Gerad Abdalle [[Warsangeli]] waxay ka kooban yihiin 85% dadweynaha halka qayb ka mid ah [[Dhulbahante]], inta badan laanta hoose ee [[Naleye Ahmed]] ee [[Mohamoud Garad]] ay ku nool yihiin dhinaca galbeed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Productions |first1=Sanag |title=Birnaamijka Xidhitaanka Shirka Bihina Carraale came to settle Damallaxagarre through their blood relations with Bahogeyslabe |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWhhkh1jHjo |website=YouTube |access-date=15 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Deegaan muhiim ah oo ku xeeran oo loo yaqaanno "Dooxadda Dureera" sidoo kale waxaa degan Bahogeyslabe ee beesha [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]].<ref name="interpeace northern somalia source">{{cite book |last1=Walls |first1=Michael |title=PEACE IN SOMALILAND: An Indigenous Approach to State-Building |date=2008 |publisher=Interpeace and the Academy for Peace and Development |location=Hargeisa |pages=70 |url=https://www.interpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/2008_SomS_Interpeace_APD_Statebuilding_EN.pdf |access-date=11 February 2023}}</ref> {{Portal|Somaliland}} ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} [[Category:Degmooyinka Sanaag]] [[Category:Goobaha taariikhiga ah ee Soomaaliya]] 67e51ikvdyd97615kovt2tshocjk7ni 6 4335 310012 32325 2026-10-04T14:43:47Z OSMAN MOHAMED LIBAN 47698 waxan kudaray qoral yar anigo reference isticmaalaya 310012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Boosaaso]]''' waxay ku taallaa meel xeeb ah oo ku taal gobolka [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]] ee waqooyi-bari Soomaaliya. Saddexda dhinac ee bari, koonfur iyo galbeed waxaa ka xiga buuro iyo dhul buuraley ah, halka dhinaca waqooyi ay ka xigto '''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'''. Boosaaso waa magaalo muhiim ah oo deked leh. Cimilada Boosaaso waa '''kulul oo qalalan'''. Xilliyada kulaylaha heerkulku aad ayuu u kacaa, halka xilliyada kale cimiladu noqoto mid ka dhexdhexaadsan. Roobku guud ahaan waa yar yahay, waxaana jira kala duwanaansho xilliyeed oo ku yimaada roobabka iyo heerkulka. Boosaaso waa magaalo dadkeedu si weyn u kordhay sannadihii la soo dhaafay. Qiyaasaha dadka way kala duwan yihiin iyadoo ku xiran sannadka iyo in la tirinayo magaalada ama degmada; sidaas darteed tirada dadka waa in lagu xusaa '''sannadka iyo isha xogta'''. [https://www.undp.org/somalia/publications/bosaso-city-strategy-2024?utm_source=chatgpt.com UNDP] waxay Boosaaso ku tilmaantay magaalo si weyn u koraysa oo leh baahi sii kordhaysa oo adeegyo magaalo. 0xn15jec4u317q5mwvzqbrxc70bi0mu 310013 310012 2026-10-04T15:42:29Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/OSMAN MOHAMED LIBAN|OSMAN MOHAMED LIBAN]] ([[User talk:OSMAN MOHAMED LIBAN|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Ah.lishane|Ah.lishane]] 32325 wikitext text/x-wiki bossaso waxay kutaalaa meel xeeb ah bossaso sadexda dhinac ee bari koonfur iyo galbeed waxaa ka xiga buuro dhinaca waqooyina waxaa ka xiga bad cimiladeeduna xilga xagaaga lagu jiro way kulushahay xilyada kalena waa iska caadi ah.lishane q3nrhzypdp2r3t0x6r153o38pv5ac9f 0 5101 310020 309946 2026-10-05T01:18:49Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = | flag = | regions = | languages = [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaali]] | religions = [[Islaam]] [[Sunni Islam|(Sunni)]] | related-c = [[Abaskuul]], [[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeen]], [[Absame]], [[Daarood]], iyo kuwo kale [[Qabaa'ilka Soomaalida]] <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! --> | native_name = بارتري | native_name_lang = ar | related_groups = }} '''Bartire''' ({{langx|so|Bartirre}}, {{langx|ar| بارتري}}), (ama '''Barre Jidwaaq Absame''') waa beel-hoosaad Soomaaliyeed, oo ka tirsan [[Jidwaq (clan)|Jidwaaq]] ee laanta weyn ee Absame,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ciisa-Salwe |first=Cabdisalaam M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONotAQAAIAAJ&q=bartire+jidwaaq |title=The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy |date=1996 |publisher=HAAN |isbn=978-1-874209-27-0 |language=en}}</ref> taas oo ka tirsan qabiilka [[Darod]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wimmer |first=Andreas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3W7DwAAQBAJ&dq=bartire+jidwaaq&pg=PA95 |title=Nation Building: Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart |date=2020-04-28 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-20294-5 |language=en}}</ref> Mid ka mid ah qoysaskii qabiil ee Soomaaliyeed ee ugu waaweyn.<ref>{{cite web |title=Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples |date=19 June 2015 |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/somalia/ |publisher=Minority Rights Group International |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=Ioan M |date=July 1959 |title=Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/127191815/Clanship-and-Contract-in-Northern-Somaliland-by-I-M-lewis |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=274–293 |doi=10.2307/1157617 |jstor=1157617 |s2cid=143243256 |access-date=18 September 2019|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ==Guud mar== Xubnaha beesha Bartire waxay inta badan degaan dhulka barwaaqada iyo beeralayda ah ee [[Somali Region]] ee Itoobiya. Waxay degaan agagaarka magaalada Jigjiga<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brons |first=Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5vVyAAAAMAAJ&q=bartire+jidwaaq+live |title=Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State in Somalia: From Statelessness to Statelessness? |date=2001 |publisher=International Books |isbn=978-90-5727-038-3 |language=en}}</ref> oo ku fidsan ilaa hoose ee [[Fafan Zone|Fafan]] iyo qaybaha sare ee [[Jarar Zone|Jarar]]. Iyagoo ku nool gobolladan garabka [[Abaskuul]] iyo Yabaree, oo ay wadajir u yihiin [[Jidwaaq]]. Bartire waxay sidoo kale degaan [[Somalia]], inta badan gobolka koonfureed ee [[Jubaland]] magaalada [[Bu'ale]], iyo gudaha [[Xagar District|Xagar]] oo u dhow magaalada [[Kismayo]].<ref>{{cite web |date=26 September 1996 |title=Somalia: Information on current situation of the Bartire subclan of the Darod, including where they are located |url=https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604114312/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ab715c.html |access-date=8 December 2024 |publisher=Somali specialist, political science department, Davidson College}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale xuduud la leeyihiin beesha [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaden]] iyo [[Habr Awal|Habar Awal]] ee qabiilka [[Isaaq]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hagmann |first1=Tobias |url= https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:97553|title=Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa |last2=Péclard |first2=Didier |date=2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |isbn=978-1-4443-9558-7<!-- |access-date=2024-12-09 --> |pages=1–23 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781444395587.ch1}}</ref> Dhaqan ahaan [[Jigjiga]] waa kursiga Garaadka Bartire ee Wiil-Waal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coger |first=Greta M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_VaAAAAMAAJ |title=New Perspectives on Margaret Laurence: Poetic Narrative, Multiculturalism, and Feminism |date=1996-05-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-0-313-29042-8 |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Somali_Clans_Somalia,_Djibouti,_Kenya_iyo_Ethiopia_Qabilooyiinka_Soomalida.jpg|left|thumb|209x209px|NRC clan map of Greater Somalia.]] ==Taariikhda== [[Habr Maqdi]] waxay ahayd isbahaysi Soomaaliyeed oo ka kooban beel-hoosaadyada Bartire iyo [[Yabaree]], haddana waa qayb ka mid ah [[Jidwaaq (clan)|Jidwaaq]]. Labada beel-hoosaadba si cad ayaa loogu xusay buugga ''[[Futuh al-Habasha]]''.<ref name=":2" /> Sida uu xusay qoraaga Faransiiska ee casriga ah, Amelia Checkroun;<blockquote>Qaar ka mid ah qabiilooyinka waxaa loo qaybiyaa "beel-hoosaadyo", sida Bartirri oo midaydihayay Habr Maqdi iyo Gawätir. Uma muuqato inay jirto wax maamul ah oo Soomaali ah oo mideynaya dhammaan qabiilooyinka hal amar hoostiisa. Markaa marka ay isku dhacaan laba qabiil, waxay u jeestaan xukunka imaamka."<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=checkroun |first=Amelia |date=2013 |title=Le" Futuh al-Habasa": ´ecriture de l'histoire, guerre et soci´et´e dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-din (Ethiopie, XVIe si'ecle). |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/52813149.pdf |journal=Futuh Al-Habasa |page=192}}</ref></blockquote>Bartire xilligii [[Adal Sultanate]] boqortooyadii, waxay ka qayb qaateen dagaalkii [[Ethiopian-Adal War]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Shihāb |first=al-Dīn Aḥmad |title=The Conquest of Abyssinia 16th Century |date=2003 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-0-9723172-5-2 |page=49}}</ref> Waxay caan ku ahaayeen in ay lahaayeen ciidan weyn oo ay la socdeen [[Yabaree]]. Waxay sidoo kale daacad u ahaayeen [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Imaam Axmed Gurey]]. Intii uu socday dagaalkii [[Abyssinian-Adal War|Qabsashadii Xabashada]] beel-hoosaadyadii ka koobnaa Habar Maqdi waxay inta badan u qaybsami jireen laba jabhadood oo ciidan.<ref name="The Conquest2">{{Cite book |last=al-Dīn |first=Shihāb |title=The Conquest of Abyssinia |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors |year=2003 |isbn=0-9723172-6-0 |pages=125}}</ref> [[Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein Al Somali|Axmed Geri bin Xuseen]] waxa uu hoggaaminayay beel-hoosaadka Yabaree, halka beel-hoosaadka Bartire uu hoggaaminayay amiir ka tirsan [[Malassay]] oo la odhan jiray [[Garad]] Dhaweyd.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |year=1961 |title=Cahiers d'études africaines |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJhWAAAAYAAJ&q=Yiberri%20somali |journal=Cahiers d'études africaines |volume=2 |page=30 |via=Google books}}</ref> [[Faqīh|Carab Faqih]] wuxuu xaqiijiyay in Habar Maqdi ay ku jireen xubno ka tirsan Bartire.<blockquote>"Kadib wuxuu ciidankiisii u qaybiyay saddex qaybood. Tan koowaad waxay ka koobnayd dadkii Sim, qabiilkii Marraihan iyo Bar Tarri oo ah Habr Maqdi iyo dadkii Jawatir: waxay ahaayeen hoggaanka wasiir 'Addol."<ref name="The Conquest2"/></blockquote>Waa la caddeeyey in beel-hoosaadka Bartire ee Habar Maqdi uu gacanta ku hayay ganacsiga iyo jidka safarka ee ku socday [[Berbera]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Francis Burton |first=Sir Richard |date=1856 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5POdm7UKXP4C |journal=An Explanation of Harar |page=278}}</ref> Baare caan ku ah safarradiisa Afrika, aqoonyahan iyo askari Ingiriis ah, [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] wuxuu iftiimiyay xiriirka fog ee Bartire la lahaa [[Emirs of Harar]].<ref>{{cite web |date=1856 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa An Explanation of Harar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5POdm7UKXP4C |access-date=8 December 2024 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |page=278}}</ref> Sarkaalka ciidanku wuxuu qorayay;<blockquote>Berteri, oo degan buuraha Gurays, ee koonfurta ka xiga, xadna la leh Galaha, halkaasna u fidsan bari ilaa buuraha Jigjiga, waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 3000 oo gaashaan. Asal ahaan waa Daarood, waxay adeecayaan Garaad Xirsi, waxayna markii aan dalka soo booqday ku jireen xaalad xun oo Geri ah. Qoyska madaxda ayaa dhowr qarni la xiriiray Amiirrada Harar, jidka safarka ee u socda iyo ka imanaya Berberah ee soo dhex mara dalkiisa, wuxuu ka dhigayaa saaxiib waxtar leh iyo cadow halis ah.<ref name=":0"/>{{rp|278}} </blockquote> [[File:Garad Wiil Waal.jpg|alt=Garaad Hirsi Garad Farah Garaad Hirsi|thumb|<small>'''Garad Hirsi Garad Farah Garad Hirsi''' '''Garad Wiil Waal''' (''Wiil-Waal''), qarnigii 17aad [[Garad]] ee Absame.</small>]] '''Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi,''' ama si fiican loogu yaqaan '''Garad''' '''Wiil Waal''' ({{langx|so|Garaad Xirsi Faraax Xirsi}} ''Wiil-Waal,'' {{langx|am|ገራድ ዊልዋል}}). [[Garad]] Wiil Waal wuxuu ahaa boqor dhaqameed Soomaaliyeed oo noolaa qarnigii 19aad gudaha [[Jigjiga]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=islamicschoollibrarian |date=2022-03-30 |title=Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale retold by Kathleen Moriarty illustrated by Amin Amir and Somali translation by Jamal Adam |url=https://islamicschoollibrarian.com/2022/03/30/wiil-waal-a-somali-folktale-retold-by-kathleen-moriarty-illustrated-by-amin-amir-and-somali-translation-by-jamal-adam/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Islamic School Librarian |language=en}}</ref> Waxa uu ka soo jeeday Bartire [[Jidwaaq]] beel-hoosaadka qoyska weyn ee [[Darod]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5POdm7UKXP4C&q=Guray&pg=PA278 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar |date=1856 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |language=en}}</ref> Sida taariikhdu qorto ''Garad'' ''Hirsi Farah Hirsi'' wuxuu ahaa nin xukun adag iyo xigmad leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale lagu sifeeyay mid naxariis daran oo aan cafin, taas oo u soo jiiday naanaysta "''Wiil-Waal''," taas oo, marka si toos ah looga turjumo Soomaaliga, ay ka dhigan tahay "''Crazy Boy''."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Emmenegger |first=Rony |date=2021-10-01 |title=Unsettling sovereignty: Violence, myths and the politics of history in the Ethiopian Somali metropolis |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629821001360 |journal=Political Geography |volume=90 |article-number=102476 |doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102476 |issn=0962-6298|doi-access=free }}</ref> Wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye inta badan nolosadiisa ku qaatay duullaamo joogto ah iyo difaac. Wuxuu xukumay oo ka xoreeyay Soomaalida Oromada Galla taasoo hadda qayb ka ah [[Jigjiga]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran.<ref name=":0" /><blockquote>Ku saabsan Garaad Xirsi warar kala duwan ayaa soo baxay: qaar waxay ku sifeeyeen inuu yahay mid naxariis daran, rabshado wata, oo hunguri weyn leh; kuwa kalena waxay ka hadleen isaga oo ah nin Alle ka cabsi qada (nin) iyo qof tukasho badan: dhammaantood, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay isku raaceen inuu beeray digir duurjoog ah. Astaamaha tawbadkeenka, wuxuu jeclaa inuu quudiyo wadaadada, Sheekh Jaamac ee Hararuna wuxuu ahaa marti joogto ah oo ku sugnayd xeryahiisa.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>Sheekada Wiil Waal waxaa loo beddelay buug carruur ah oo laba luuqadood ah (Ingiriis iyo Soomaali) oo hoos imaanaya "Somali Bilingual Book Project" ''Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale'' waxaa qoray Kathleen Moriarty, oo ay sawirtay Amin Amir iyo turjumaad by Jamal Adam. Waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu baro [[Culture of Somalia|dhaqanka Soomaalida]], xigmadda, iyo muhiimadda fikirka caqli-galnimada ah.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnBmGgAACAAJ |title=Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale |date=2007 |publisher=Minnesota Humanities Center/Somali Bilingual Book Project |isbn=978-1-931016-17-9 |language=en}}</ref> ==Abtirsiinta== Ma jiro wax heshiis ah oo cad oo ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka iyo beel-hoosaadka, qaar badan oo ka mid ah abtirsiinta waa la tirtiray.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} Liiska soo socda waxaa laga soo qaatay [[World Bank]]'s Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics ee 2005 iyo [[United Kingdom]]'s [[Home Office]] daabacaadda, Somalia Assessment 2001.<ref>Somalia Assessment, 2001 October [http://www.asylum-law.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure] {{Wayback|url=http://www.asylum-law.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf |date=20110716081350 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081350/http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf|access-date=8 December 2024}} p. 43</ref><ref>Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics {{Cite web |url=http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-12-08 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081350/http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }} p.55 Figure A-1</ref> *[[Darod]] (Daarood bin Isma'il al-Jabarti) **Kablalah ***Kumade ****Absame *****[[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaden]] *****Bal'ad *****Weytein *****[[Jidwaaq]] ******[[Abaskuul]] ******Yabaree ******('''Bartire''') ==Dad caan ah== {{Unreferenced section|date=April 2025}} * Garaad Kulmiye Maxamed Dool (Wiil-Waal), Hadda [[Somali aristocratic and court titles|Garad]] ee [[Absame]] iyo hoggaamiyaha Golaha Odayaasha [[Somali Region]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Somaliland and SSC Khaatumo leaders signal readiness for peace talks |url=https://hiiraan.com/news4/2024/Dec/199578/somaliland_and_ssc_khaatumo_leaders_signal_readiness_for_peace_talks.aspx |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.hiiraan.com |language=en-US}}</ref>[[File:Garaad kulmiye garaad wiilwaal.jpg|thumb|Garad Kulmiye Garad Mohammed Garad Dool.]] *Hasan Muhumed (Xasan Daadhi), Wasiirkii hore ee Khayraadka Biyaha ee [[Somali Region]]. *Axmed Shukri Cabdi Faarax (Axmed Shukri) Wasaaradda Horumarinta Magaalooyinka iyo Dhismaha ee Dowlad Deegaanka Soomaalida (SRS). *Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi (Wiil-Waal), Hogaamiye, Tii 17aad ee Bartire [[Garad]] ee [[Absame]]. [[Jijiga Airport|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Jigjiga]] (JIJ) waxaa loogu magac daray isaga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopian Airlines chooses S4GA runway lighting for Jijiga Airport |url=https://www.airport-suppliers.com/supplier-press-release/ethiopian-airlines-chooses-s4ga-runway-lighting-for-jijiga-airport/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Airport Suppliers |language=en-GB}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Darod]] * [[Jidwaaq (clan)|Jidwaaq]] * [[Habr Maqdi]] == Tixraacyada == ===Xigashooyinka=== {{Reflist}} 9o9w1kj1r6j8v83swglca8xhc2mpty9 2 7666 310014 272949 2026-10-04T18:02:17Z ~2026-53394-10 47704 /* ABWAANADA */ 310014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Maceeye]]''' waa beel kamid ah beelaha [[Baadicadde]] waxeyna degaan degmada [[Jalalaqsi]] , [[Buuloburde]] , [[Baladweyne]] [[shabeelada dhexe]] ,iyo *[[shabeelada hoose]], ==BAADACADDE JIFOOYINKA AY UKALA BAXDO == baadicadde waxey ukala baxdaa ilaa 13 jifo. *[[Maceeye]] **Xaaji Cabdi *[[Carayahan]] **Xassan Abroone **Culusey **Kulmiye **Hilowle **Geedow *[[caddawyar]] **Kudbaale** **Gacal** *[[Afgaab]] **Abroone, Xasan Weeyd **Gedi Abiikar **Dhiblaawe Gadiid Abiikar **Adan Tuurcade *[[Xaamud]] ** faqoow ** Qalaf *[[Subeer]] **Aamin-Yaroow **Ali-Aamin **Mahadalle *[[Ibraahim Baadacadde]] *[[Ilaabe]] **Makaraan **Hassan walaal **Halane Walaal *[[Maamiye]] *Warmaka *faqay wardheere *[[Samaroob]](Curudka) **Abke Geedi **Abke Omar ***Abke Hussein *[[Moolkaal]] *[[Quurwayle Ciise]] *[[hoos u Jeede]] ===SIYAASIYIINTA=== *Hon. Dr. A/rahim Abdi Abikar (Former Minister of State for Presidential Affair and former Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs) *Dr.maxamad cali ibrahim *Mohamud Abdullahi Barre (Faytaan), First Somali Pilot * Dr.cumar iman abuubakar *Dr Mumin Omar Ahmed, politician, Executive Committee of USC *Abdullahi Ahmed Shire (Shaxam), chairman of Somali Airlines in 1980s *Macalin yuusuf macalin cabdi,Gudoomiyaha maxkamadda degmada jalalaqsi *AbdiKarim Ahmed Ali, former USC Secretary General, former TNG Cabinet and former MP of TFG of Somalia *Major General Hassan Abdi Mayle - Former Police Commander, Formar Governor of Nugaal Region. *Ahmed Abrone Amin, former second deputy speaker parliament of TNG *Nuur Wabar Abdi, Former MP, TFG of Somalia *Ahmed Omar Gaagaale, foreign secretary of USC/UJ and former MP TFG of Somalia *Dr. Mohammed Ahmed jelle, former MP *Mohamed-Amin Hassan Abdalle (Aaloow) Current MP of JFS *Eng. Nadiifa Mohamed Osman, MP and Vice Minister of Construction and Ports of Somalia *Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Hassan Business Consultant *Mohamed Moallim Yusuf (Garabey) Former Vice Governor Of Hiiraan Region *Khalif Abdi Omar (Khalif Hiiraan) Current Vice Governor of Hiiraan Region *Yussuf Salad warsame, senior diplomat *Muhumed Osman Diini, former MP, 1956 and 1964. *Sheik mohamed cadowyar, former MP, 1956 *Muhumad Dolli, former MP, 1968 *Omar nuur abdi [Omar Langare], former MP, 1968 *Hasan Mohamud (Hassan Gedisley), former MP, 1964 *Omar Haaji (Omar Dhaashane]), former ,politician 2000 *Dr Mohamed Osman Tifow, Politician, Member of Central Committee of USC *Mohamed amiin Hassan Abdullahi, Mp *Abdi Rahim Abdi Abiikar, mp *Eng Nadifo Mohamed Osman mp and Cabinet Minister, ===MELATARIGA=== *General Hassan Abdi Mayle, four star General in 1980s, Somali Police Forces *Colonel Ahmed haji Mohamud Osman (Ahmed Terso), three-star colonel, Somali Armed Forces tactician *Colonel Abdulahi weydow Mohamud (weydow) , three star colonel in the Somali Air Forces *Colonel Ali Mohamed Madahey, three Star colonel in the Somali Forces *Colonel Mohamed Abdulahi Faytan, three star colonel in the Somali Air Forces and Somali Airlines pilot *Colonel Mohamed Aden Bocoreey, three star colonel & highly decorated Somali Police Forces *Colonel Hassan Abdule Muhumed, three star colonel & highly decorated Somali Armed Forces *Colonel Osman Nur Suber, three star colonel in the Somali Air Forces' *Colonel Nuur Adam Rooble, Somali militeri forces *Colonel sh.Ibrahim Mohamed Ali, three star colonel & highly decorated Somali Armed Forces *Colonel Abdi Osman Dhayow, three-star colonel in the Somali Armed Forces *colonel mahamed ashur hassan *colonel abdi faarah *Colonel Mohamed hashi Guled, three-star colonel in the Somali Armed Forces ■Colonel Mohamed Haji Ali, three-star colonel in the Somali Armed Forces ===ODAYAAL DHAQAMEEDKA=== *xaaji axmed garre( waa nabadoonka baadacade ee Kenya) *Macalim Ibrahin Macalim Muxumad (wa macalim iyo sheikh si weyn loga yaqan Hiiraan *Wabar axmed Wabar cabdi , 19th century, traditional leader in Hiiran *Xaaji cismaan cali tigoow (foodcadde)jalalaqsi *Shiikh Cumar Cabdulle (jalalaqsi ) *Abdirahman Sheikh Farah. (B/burte) *Xuseen Buurane ( jalalaqsi ) *Abdi Ali muxumed jalaqsi *xaaji cusmaan madoobe (jalalaqsi) *Haji Abdulahi Yarow jowhar *Sheikh Omar Gacal Muse *Anshur fiddi, 19th century rular of B/burte * muuse Haji Mohamud Osman, Ruler of Jalalaqsi * Abdi Nur Ifaf, Traditional Leader * Islow saney,Traditional Leader *Mohummed Nur muhudin, Tradition Leader. *Ceeymooy Diini Ahmed Traditional Leader Jiiqleey *Nor Hassan (norjeys) *Abdi Hassan Barrow, Traditional Leader Jiiqleey * Macalin Cismaan Nuur Saalax ===WADAADADA=== * Haaji Abdulahi sheikh hasan Sh.abdisalam (Abdulahi Alindi * Dr.sheikh omar iman abuu bakar *Sheik Faqi Wardheere, Islamic scholar in Hiiran region. * shikh cabdisalan caalin * sheikh faarax ibraahin kuule (hoogaamiye diineed caanka`ah jiiqley baladweyn hiiraan) *sheikh Ali Omar Muse (Ali dheere) *sheikh ibrahim sheikh ciise *macalim Ali (jalalaqsi) *macalim Hassan Mohamad adil *macalim cabdulqaadir xaaji cabdulaahi yaroow (jowhar) *Skeik Haji Ali Daqarre, Sheik in Hiiraan *Sheik Qasim Ma'alim, judge in B/burte *heik Abdirahim Sheik Abdirahman Somali judge *Sheik Rashid haji hassan, currently in B/burte. *macalin cabdullaahi ibraahin (wadaadka cidda ee nairobi) *Sheik Mohamed Hassan Mohamed *Macalin yusuf macalin Abdi ===AQOONYAHANADA=== *Dr. Abdirahim Abdi Abikar (UNDP-Rule of Law Program-South Sudan) *Dr. abdirahiim haaji yahya *DR.cusmaan faytaan waa dhaqtarka indhaha macalina ka ah jaamacadaha muqdisho *Dr.mahamed Ali Ibrahim (gudoomiyihii hore ee al islaax) *Eng. Mohamed Abdulle Gaandi *Dr.abdirahman ahmed jele (SOS org.) *Dr. mohamed haji daud ali tigow *Eng. saalax xaaji cabdulaahi yaroow(salah haji abdulahi yarow) *Dr.Abdulwahab Haji Osman *DR.xabeeb sheikh ciise *Dr cumar Iman Abubakar, professor and researcher in Hadith Sunna, Vice Chairman of Shurah Council *Dr Asha Haji Yahye *Drs. Leyla Haji Da *Pol Sci. Farhia Abdi Abiikar *Prof.abdullahi mohamed osman *B.Comm Fardowsa Abdi Abikar *Drs.Fatumo Mohamed Ali *Maxamed Cabdi Rashiid *Dr. Ismail Ali Ibrahim *prof.Ahmed mohamed osman *Eng. Adulle Gandi (Dayaxgacmeedkii soomaaliya) *Dr. Abdulqadir Ali Ibrahim *Dr Abdirahim Sheik Abdirahman, member of Arab security Council. *Dr. saleyman Haji da`ud *Eng Abdulkadir Abikar hussein *Dr. Ahmed Ali Ibrahim *Dr.cali cumar (cali mahaday) *Enj Abdi Anshur Hassan *Ali Omar Maile *Dr Omar Haji Osman ibrahim *Dr Osman Abdullah Roblle, professor, University of Nilia in Mogadishu. *Dr Mohamad Barow, member of Imamu shafi school in Mogadishu *eng. Axmed weydow muxumed *Enj Mohamed ahmed fiiqow * Prof. Mohamed ahmed nur(Amore) ===GANACSATADA=== *Abdirahman Abdulle Mumin (Moumin group) *Abdirahman Moalim Aden(abdi Gurey)(taran group) *mohamed ali omar mahadaay *member of bb in ksa* *Mohamed Amin Sheik hussein (MASH) *Mohamed ibraahim sh:(mish group) *Mohamud Sheik hussein *maxamud nuur xassan *Mohamed Haji Mohamud Abdulle (MUQDISHO) *cabdi nuur faarax siyaad *Ahmed Nuur Aadam bello company (muqdisho) *Haji daud Ali Elmi (daud Enterprise) *Abdulahi Ibraahim Nuni (Nuni) *Maxamuud cadaay *ibraahim cismaan xuseen *cali cabdulaahi yaroww (cali maceeye *abuukar xaaji cismaan madoobe *Abdi Farah Ibrahim (debley) *muxumed xaaji cismaan madoobe *Abdurrahman Haji Mohamud Abdulle {carab}(MUQDISHO) *Xaaji Ibraahim xaaji Cisman Axmed. *nuure cabdi baluutiko (ganacsade degan Sacuudi carabiya) *xaaji cabdulaahi caraay *xuseen maxamuud cali tigoow *cabdulaahi xaaji xasan (maareeyaha MASH cargo *Xasan Muxumed Cabdulle *Haji Idle Omar Elmi (tanzaniya) *Hussein Nur Ali *H N A* *abdullahi ali abdi (yolax) *Abdulqadir Wiro *Abdi Ibrahim Qasim *habeb* *Xaaji Axmed Xaaji Cabdulaahi Cabdisalaam *Abdiraxiin nuunow *Omar Ashirow *yaasiin Haji muhumad Haji Ali (Boostaale ) * C/Laahi xusen cumar ( carabey ) * Maxamed xusen cumar * Yusuf SHiikh Cabdi (Yusuf Cuteyba ) * Zeylac C/laahi C/salaan *Abdulahi Ahmed amin ( Abdulahi wadaad ) * Dr Osman Gedow Amir (Agriculture /Biogeog *hassan sheekh muhumed nuur hassan abtiga ===ABWAANADA=== *Hussein Abdule Derow *Bashir Ali Hussein *Bashir Ibraahim *Nuur cali xood * Huseen nuur amiin *laashanka *Abdi rahman mohamed bashiir ===WARIYAASHA=== *abdulkadir gedi rooble [radio muqdisho staff] *Sayid Ahmed Haji Yahye Editors of Al-watan Journal in Jeddah. *Hassan Mohamed Osman,(Hassan Biid)CameraMan of Former Somali President in 1980s. *Mohamed Yusuf Abdi (Afgoye), Former Mogadishu Radio Staff. *Hussein sheikh Abdisalam (wariye madaxbanaan oo degan wadanka suudaan) *Osman Abdi Hassan (Black)wariye laanta bbc soomaliya *Luul Ali Hassan Journalist, Radio Mogadishu reporter *ibraahim macalimoo (wariye laanta BBC afka soomaaliga ee muqdisho) *c/raxman daacad *maxamud sheikh axmed (toshow) * Abdi Aziz Ahmed Gurbiye . Abdulahi mohamed Abdulahi * Qoorgaab* Mohamed ahmed nur(AMORE) [[Category:Qabaa'ilada Soomaaliya]] rfgb3gumzakybxq9s7q5low1cpgytt5 0 17394 310034 297129 2026-10-05T08:40:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310034 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan caasimada Philadelphia, Pennysvalia ee dalka Maraykanka. {{Infobox settlement |name = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |official_name = Caasimada Filadelfiya |settlement_type = [[Caasimad|Caasimad iyo Degmo]] |image_skyline = Philadelphia Montage by Jleon 0310.jpg |imagesize = 325px |image_caption = Kor ilaa bidix, dhismayaasha dhaadheer ee Filadelfiya, [[Sanam|Sanabka Benjamin Franklin]], Jalaska Liberty, xarunta Farshaxanka Filadelfiya, [[Deegaan|Haalka Caasimada Fiilaadelfiya]], iyo [[Guri|Haalka Xoriyada]] |nickname = "Filly", "Caasimada Jacaylka Walaalka", <small>[[magac|in badan...]]</small> |motto = "Philadelphia maneto" ("Haku gaadho Jacaylka Walaaltinimo") |Founded by = William Penn |image_flag = Flag of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg |image_seal = Seal of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg |image_map = Map of Pennsylvania highlighting Philadelphia County.svg |pushpin_map = USA |pushpin_map_caption = Meesha kaga taalo Maraykanka |pushpin_label_position = left |coordinates_region = US-PA |subdivision_type = Wadanka |subdivision_type2 = [[Gobol]]ka |subdivision_type3 = [[Degmo]] |subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States|name=United States of America|size=23px}}}} |subdivision_name2 = [[Pennsylvania]] |subdivision_name3 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg|size=23px}} [[Filadelfiya|Degmada Filadelfiya]] ---- |subdivision_type4 = Taariikhda Gumeysiga |subdivision_name4 = [[Ingiriis|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] [[Pennsylvania|Gobolka Bensyfaniya]] |government_type = Golaha Duqa-Magaalada |governing_body = [[Filadelfiya|Golaha Dowlada Filadelfiya]] |leader_title = Duqa-magaalada |leader_name = Michael Nutter ([[Maraykanka|Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga]]) |established_title = La helay |established_title1 = [[Dowlad|Dowlad Hoose]] |established_date = October 27, 1682 |established_date1 = October 25, 1701 |founder = William Penn |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = Imperial |area_total_sq_mi = 141.6 |area_land_sq_mi = 134.1<ref>Source U.S. Census Bureau: State and County QuickFacts. Data derived from Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits.</ref> |area_land_km2 = 347.3 |area_total_mi2 = 366.7 |area_water_sq_mi = 7.5 |area_water_km2 = 19.4 |area_urban_sq_mi = 1799.5 |area_urban_km2 = 4660.5 |area_metro_sq_mi = 4629 |area_metro_km2 = 11988.6 |population_as_of = [[2014]] |population_footnotes = <ref name="2014 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRES/0400000US42.05000|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 26, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=March 31, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150331131748/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/PEPANNRES/0400000US42.05000|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |population_total = 1,560,297 |population_rank = US: [[5]]aad |population_metro = 6,051,170 (US: [[6]]aad) |population_density_km2 = 4,492.4 |population_density_sq_mi = 11,635.3 |population_blank1_title = [[Tiro|CSA]] |population_blank1 = 7,164,790 (US: [[8]]aad) |population_blank2_title = Bulsho |population_blank2 = Philadelphian |timezone = [[Wakhti|EST]] |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = [[UTC|EDT]] |utc_offset_DST = -4 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 191xx |area_code = Area kodh 215, 267 |latd=39 |latm=57 |latNS=N |longd=75 |longm=10 |longEW=W |coordinates_display = inline, title |elevation_m = 12 |elevation_ft = 39 |blank_name = [[Maraykanka|FIPS kodh]] |blank_info = 42101 (Degmo) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42101.html|publisher=[[Maraykanka|United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=February 2, 2015|title=Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=July 16, 2011|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/60EK0OvPj?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42101.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |blank1_name = [[Juquraafi|Astaanta GNIS]] |blank1_info = 1215531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1215531,City%20of%20Philadelphia|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[USA|United States Geological Survey]]|date=February 2, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Tobnaad 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027140852/https://www.usgs.gov/us-board-on-geographic-names/domestic-names?p=136%3A3%3A0%3A%3ANO%3A%3AP3_FID%2CP3_TITLE%3A1215531%2CCity%2520of%2520Philadelphia|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |website = [http://www.phila.gov www.phila.gov] |footnotes = }} '''Filadelfiya''', '''Philadelphia''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|ɪ|l|ə|ˈ|d|ɛ|l|f|i|ə}}) waa [[caasimad]]a ugu weyn ee [[gobol]]ka [[Pennsylvania]], [[Maraykanka]], iyo magaalada [[5]]aad ee ugu [[dad|bulshada]] badan leh wadnkaasi. [[Gobol|Gobolada Waqooyibari]] ee Maraykanka, gaar ahaan deegaanda u dhexeeya [[webi|Webiga Delaware]] iyo [[wabi|Webiga Shuylkill]], caasimada Filadefiya waa hogaanka koowaad ee [[ganacsi|dhaqaalaha]] iyo dhaqanka deegaanadaasi. Tiro koob dowladu samaysay [[sanad|sanadikii 2014ka]] ayaa lagu ogaaday in caasimada Filadelfiya leedahay shacab dhan 1,560,297 taasi oo ka dhigeysa mid ka mid ah caasimadaha ugu shacabka badan wadanka Maraykanka.<ref name="2014 Pop Estimate"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42045.html | title=Delaware County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau | publisher=U.S. Census Bureau | date=December 4, 2014 | accessdate=February 2, 2015 | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | archive-date=July 9, 2011 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/603K506YE?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42045.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42017.html | title=Bucks County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau | publisher=U.S. Census Bureau | date=December 4, 2014 | accessdate=February 2, 2015 | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | archive-date=July 7, 2011 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/600HQTdqI?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42017.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42091.html | title=Montgomery County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau | publisher=U.S. Census Bureau | date=December 4, 2014 | accessdate=February 2, 2015 | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | archive-date=July 15, 2011 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/60BeqNBGz?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42091.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42029.html | title=Chester County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau | publisher=U.S. Census Bureau | date=December 4, 2014 | accessdate=February 2, 2015 | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | archive-date=July 8, 2011 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/601eYqQh2?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42029.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=2014metroest>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/GCTPEPANNR.US24PR|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 – Metropolitan Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico - 2014 Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=March 26, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=April 4, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150404163955/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/GCTPEPANNR.US24PR|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=2014combinedest>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/GCTPEPANNR.US41PR|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 – Combined Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico - 2014 Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=March 26, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=February 12, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212195629/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2014/GCTPEPANNR.US41PR|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sanadkii 1682 ayaa nin la odhan jirey William Penn aasaasay caasiamad gobolka Bensykfaniya, taasi oo wakhtigaasi ahayd meel uu maamulo nidaamkii [[Ingiriis|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Brookes |first=Karin |coauthors=John Gattuso, Lou Harry, Edward Jardim, Donald Kraybill, Susan Lewis, Dave Nelson and Carol Turkington |editor=Zoë Ross |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |edition=Second Edition (Updated) |year=2005 |publisher=APA Publications | pages = 21–22 |isbn=1-58573-026-2 }}</ref> Si kastaba aha ahaatee, caasimada Filadelfiya waxay qeyb libaax ka soo qaadatey "Kacaankii Maraykanka", waxayna ahay goobta ay ku kulmi jireen hogaamiyayaashii dhisay wadanka Maraykanka, ayaga oo u saxeexay ku [[USA|Dhawaaqitaankii Xoriyada iyo Madax-banaanid]]a sanadkii 1776, hadana mar labaad ku saxeeyay qodobada "[[Dastuur|Dastuurka Wadanka Maraykanka]]" sanadkii 1787. Intaasi waxaa dheer, caasimad Filadelfiya waxay ahaan jirtey [[caasimad|magaalo-madaxdii]] ugu horeeysay ee wadanka Maraykanka, mar labaad noqotey magaalo-madax goortii uu socday Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Maraykanka, iyo goortii dhismaha Caasimada [[Washington D.C]] oo Filadelfiya ahayd xarunta dowlada ee kus ii meelgaadhka ah. Horaantii [[qarni|qarnigii 19aad]], Filadelfiya waxay noqotey xarun horumar oo leh [[wershad]]o aad u badan, waxayna yeelatay [[tareen|wadooyin tareen]] oo ku xidha caasimadaha kale ee wadanka, taasi oo suurtogelisay dhoofinta iyo u iibgeynta alaabo faro badan oo lagu sameyo deegaanda Filadelfiya. Wakhtiyadani waxaa magaalad aad ugu soo qaxay qoxooti shaqo-doon ah oo intooda badan ka yimid [[Yurub|bariga Yurub]]. Sidoo kale, wakhtiyadani waxay caasimada Filadelfiya noqotey xarun u soo guureen [[Dadka Madoow]] (African American) ee wadanka Maraykanka, kuwaasi oo doorbidayay fursadaha shaqo, waxbarsho iyo xoriyad ee caasimadu lahayd. Waxaa la sheegay in [[sanad|sanadkii 1950kii]] tirada Dadka Afrikan Ameerikanka ah ee ku dhaqan Filadelfiya iyo nawaaxigeeda kor u dhaafeysay [[2|labo milyan]]. Guud ahaan, Caasimada Filadelfiya waa xarunta dhaqaalha iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa ee gobolka [[Pennsylvania]], waana hooyga todobo ka mid ah [[shirkad|Shirkadaha Fortune 1000]]. Dhismayaasha dhaadheer ee badhtamaha iyo nawaaxiga caasiamada ayaa ah kuwo aad u sii badanaya, waxaanay magaaladani leedahay qaar ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu dhaadheer wadanka Maraykanka iyo [[duni]]da.<ref name=Comcast2>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitphilly.com/articles/philadelphia/the-comcast-innovation-and-technology-center/|title=Philadelphia's Newest Skyscraper: The Comcast Innovation and Technology Center|publisher=Visit Philadelphia|accessdate=April 3, 2015}}</ref> Caasimadani waxay caan ku tahay hidaha iyo dhaqanka, taariikhda, dalxiiska (ayadoo la sheegay iney soo siyaartaan dad ka badan [[milyan|39 milyan]] sanadkii 2013ka).<ref name="Visit Philadelphia">{{cite web | url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/224082014/2014-Visit-Philadelphia-Annual-Report | title=2014 Visit Philadelphia Annual Report | publisher=Visit Philadelphia | accessdate=February 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.fpaa.org/about_gateway.html Gateway to Public Art in Philadelphia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fpaa.org/about_gateway.html |date=20110810153418 }}, ''Fairmount Park Art Association''.</ref> beerta raaxada iyo dalxiiska Fairmount Park waa deegaanka ugu balaadhan aduunka ee ku dhexyaala magaalo.<ref name="Philadelphia profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.csm.org/philadelphia.php|title=Philadelphia profile|publisher=|accessdate=September 17, 2014}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxay caasimadu leedhay 67 meelood oo taariikhi ah, kuwasi oo Filadelfiya ka dhigay meesha koowaad ee ugu dalxiiska badan wadanka Maraykanka gudahisa, isla markaana ka hesha tiro lacag ah oo dhan $10 bilyan dollarka Maraykanka.<ref name="Visit Philadelphia"/> Philadelphia waa meesha lagu aasaasay ee hooyga u ah [[USA|Ciidamada Milatariga Bada]] loo yaqaano United States Marine Corps,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marines.com/history-heritage/timeline|title=U.S. Marine Corps Decade Timeline|access-date=2015-09-10|archive-date=2017-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319054056/http://www.marines.com/history-heritage/timeline|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/20141111_Marines_Corps_marks_its_founding_in_Philly_in_1775.html|title=Marine Corps marks its founding in Philly in 1775|publisher=Philadelphia Media Network}}</ref> sidoo kale waa xaruntii ugu horeeysay waxyaabo badan ooy ka mid yihiin [[Filadelfiya|librarygii ugu horeeyay]] (la dhisey 1731),<ref name="Firsts">{{cite web | url=http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/philadelphiafirsts.html | title=Philadelphia Firsts 1681-1899 | publisher=USHistory | accessdate=April 30, 2015}}</ref> [[caafimaad|Cusbitaalkii ugu horeeyay]] (la dhisey 1751)<ref name="Firsts"/> iyo midii ugu horeeysay ee laga furo [[waxbarasho|dugsi caafimaad]] (sanadkii 1765),<ref>[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/morgan_john.html] {{wayback|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/morgan_john.html|date=20080703234451}}</ref> [[caasimad|magaalo-madaxdii kowaad]] (laga dhigey 1777),<ref name="Firsts"/> meeshii koowaad ee laga furo [[lacag|Sarifka lacagaha Filadelfiya]] (1790),<ref name="Firsts"/> iyo tii ugu horeeysay [[Xayawaan|Beerta Xayawaanka (zoo)]] (1874),<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/About-the-Zoo.aspx | title=About the Philadelphia Zoo | publisher=Philadelphia Zoo | accessdate=April 30, 2015 | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 30, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330192449/http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/About-the-Zoo.aspx | dead-url=yes }}</ref> iyo [[Jaamacad|dugsigii ganacsiga]] ee ugu horeeyay wadanka (la furey 1881).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/about-wharton/ | title=About Wharton | publisher=The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania | accessdate=April 30, 2015}}</ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20221212050001/https://wooridulls.co.kr/ 7차 재난지원금 신청] =Bulshada= Sida lagu sheegay tirokoob dowlada [[Maraykan]]ku sameeysay sanadkii 2014ka waxaa caasimada Filadelfiya ku nool [[dad|bulsho]] tiradoodu dhan tahay 1,560,297,<ref name="2014 Pop Estimate"/> taasi oo u dhiganta 2.2% kordhitaan marka loo barbardhigo sanadkii 2010. Noocayada bulshada sanadkii 2013ka ku noolaa Filadelfiya waxay kala ahaaheeyn: 45.5% cadan (36.3% ahayn-Hispanic), 44.2% Madoow ama Afrikan Ameerikan, 0.8% dadka u dhashay qaarada ee loo yaqaano [[Hindida Cas]], 6.9% Aasiyan, 0.1% ka soo jeeda [[gasiirad]]a Hawaii, 2.4% iska dhal, iyo 13.3% Latino ah.<ref name="2013 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42101.html|title=State & County QuickFacts - Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 15, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=July 16, 2011|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/60EK0OvPj?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42101.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42101.html|title=Philadelphia County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau|publisher=|accessdate=September 17, 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=July 16, 2011|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/60EK0OvPj?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42101.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;" |- ! Tirokoob Noocyada Bulshada !! 2010<ref name="Gen Pop/Housing">{{cite web|author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1&prodType=table|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 2010 Demographic Profile Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census |accessdate=August 12, 2011}}</ref> !! 2000 !! 1990 !! 1980<ref name="census1990">[http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/PAtab.xls Pennsylvania – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990]</ref> !! 1970<ref name="census1990"/> |- | [[Dadka Cad|Cadan]] (marka lagu daro [[Cad|Cadaan Hispanik]] ah)|| 41.8% || 45.0% || 53.5% || 58.2% || 65.6% |- | —Cadaan Ahayn-Hispanic || 36.9% || 42.5% || 52.1% || 57.1% || 63.8<ref name="fifteen">From 15% sample</ref> |- | [[Afrikan Ameerikan|Madoow ama Afrikan Amerikan]] || 43.6% || 43.2% || 37.8% || 39.9% || 33.6% |- | —Madowg ahayn-Hispanic || 42.2% || 42.6% || 39.3% || 37.5% || 33.3%<ref name="fifteen"/> |- | [[Hindida Cas|Dadka Asalka Ameerika]] || 0.5% || 0.3% || 0.2% || 0.1% || 0.1% |- | [[Aasiya]]an || 6.3% || 4.5% || 2.7% || rowspan=2 | 1.1% || rowspan=2 | 0.3% |- | Ka soo jeeda Hawaii ama Gasiiradaha || 0.0% || 0.0% || 0.0% |- | Noocyo kale || 5.9% || 4.8% || 3.7% || 2.7% || 0.4% |- | Dadka iska-dhalka || 2.8% || 2.2% || n/a<ref name="race">{{cite web|author=United States Census Bureau|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/race/racefactcb.html|title=How Does the Census 2000 Question on Race Differ from the 1990 Question?|publisher=census.gov |accessdate=January 31, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000510014718/http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/race/racefactcb.html|archivedate=May 10, 2000}}</ref> || n/a<ref name="race"/> || n/a |- | [[Meksiko|Hispanik ama Latino]] (dhamaantood) || 12.3% || 8.5% || 5.6% || 3.8% || 2.4%<ref name="fifteen"/> |} =Muuqaalka Filadelfiya= <gallery> File:PhiladelphiaPresidentsHouse.jpg|Hooyga Madaxweynaha ee Filadelfiya File:Treaty of Penn with Indians by Benjamin West.jpg|Heshiis dhexmaray dadka Hindida Cas iyo Yurubiyaan File:Joseph Ducreux - Portrait of Benjamin Franklin in blue coat and a fur collar.jpg|Benjamin Franklin File:Centennial Exhibition, Opening Day.jpg|Xaflad Filadelfiya File:Philadelphia1844riot.jpg|Mudaharaad Filadelfiya Southwark, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Xaafada Southwark 1879 File:Philadelphia 8th & Market 1840.jpg|Suuqa Filadelfiya 1840 File:Phila8thMarket.jpg|Jidka Market 1910 File:Cathedral-Basilica-HDR.jpg|muuqaalka habenkii Filadelfiya 2012 File:Elfreth's Alley.JPG|Xaafada ugu da'da weyn caasimada Filadelfiya File:OneLiberyPlacePhiladelphia.jpg|Badhtamaha farasmagaalka Filadelfiya </gallery> [[File:Philadelphia Panorama From Camden.JPG|1100px|align-cap=center|thumb|Bilicda caasimada Filadelfiya]] [[File:GardenStreetBridgeSchuylkillRiverSkylinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania.jpg|1100px|align-cap=center|thumb|Muuqaalka dabaqyada dhaadheer ee caasimada Filadelfiya 2009kii]] =Magaalooyinka Maraykanka= {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Ameerika]] [[Category:Magaalo]] [[Category:Dad]] lcfkwvkk7g7z7p9vhcmyy9dapwt87nw 3 28552 310011 206654 2026-10-04T13:33:17Z ~2026-53380-31 47696 /* */ 310011 wikitext text/x-wiki magaceygu waa Shuceeb : Waxaan ku dhashay magaalada [[Mogadishu]] ee dalka [[somalia]]. Sanadakii 2005. Sanadka marka uu ahaa 2010 ayaan bilaabay quraanka barashadisa. Sanadka marka uu ahaa 2012 ayaa dhameyey dugsiga qura'an ka. kadib waxaa waxbarasho ka bilaabay iskool la yiraah do "mucaad bin jabal "sanadka marka uu ahaa 2012 . Halkaaso aan ku dhameystay dugsiga hoose &dhaxe . kadib dugsigisa sare ayaan iskoolkale ku dhameystirtay sanadka marka uu ahaa 2018 iskoolka magaciisa ayaa la odhan jidhay "Adult Commercial Secondary". *Aniga hamikeyga ugu weyn waxa weyey in aan dhoqdo ''Doktor'' si aan u badbaadiyo dalkeyga iyo shacabkeyga oo aan dabar gooyo cudurada haleelay . **Aad baan u jeclahay in aan dhoqdo '''Dr''' waxaana aaminsanahay in aan Mar un dhoqo doono '''Dr'''.! Update 2026: Doctor nimadii aan jeclaay inaa noqodo ma ii suurto galin oo hadda waxaan bartay Computer engineering Kuna taqasusay. == Taariikhda ''Shuceeb xassan'' == magaceygu waa Shuceeb : Waxaan ku dhashay magaalada [[Mogadishu]] ee dalka [[somalia]]. Sanadakii [[2003]]. Sanadka marka uu ahaa [[2008]] ayaan bilaabay quraanka barashadisa. Sanadka marka uu ahaa [[2010]] ayaa dhameyey dugsiga qura'an ka. kadib waxaa waxbarasho ka bilaabay iskool la yiraah do '''Mucaad bin jabal''' sanadka marka uu ahaa [[2012]] . Halkaaso aan ku dhameystay dugsiga hoose &dhaxe . kadib dugsigisa sare ayaan iskoolkale ku dhameystirtay sanadka marka uu ahaa [[2018]] iskoolka magaciisa ayaa la odhan jidhay '''Adult Commercial Secondary'''. *Aniga hamikeyga ugu weyn waxa weyey in aan dhoqdo [[Doktor]] si aan u badbaadiyo dalkeyga iyo shacabkeyga oo aan dabar gooyo cudurada haleelay . **Aad baan u jeclahay in aan dhoqdo '''Dr''' waxaana aaminsanahay in aan Mar un dhoqo doono ''Dr''.![[User:Shuceeb xassan|Shuceeb xassan]] ([[User talk:Shuceeb xassan|talk]]) 10:44, 27 Agoosto 2019 (UTC) Wow [[User:Shuceeb xassan|Shuceeb xassan]] ([[User talk:Shuceeb xassan|wadahadal]]) 13:56, 25 Oktoobar 2020 (UTC) gditcfdnzp27whn8stw9y9paea2xo2o 0 33625 310025 303630 2026-10-05T05:29:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310025 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hodan Nalayeh''' (Soomaali: Hodan Naaleeye; Af-Carabi: هودان نلايا; 1976 - Luulyo 12, [[2019]]) waxay ahayd Somali-Canadian media executive, lataliye suuqgeyn, u dhaqdhaqaaqa arrimaha bulshada iyo hal-abuure ganacsi. Waxay ahayd madaxweynaha Wakaaladda Is-dhexgalka Dhaqanka iyo guddoomiye ku xigeenka Iibka & Horumarinta Barnaamijyada Soo-saarka Kamaradaha Caalamiga ah. [[File:Hodan_Nalayeh_Somalia_(cropped).jpg|thumb|right|200px|]] == Nolosha hore == Nalayeh waxay ku dhalatay 1976-kii [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya]] <ref name="Ntsutiscm">https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2014/Feb/53415/new_television_show_uplifts_the_image_of_somali_canadians_in_mainstream_media.aspx</ref> Waxay ku soo kortay qoys ballaaran, iyadoo ay la socoto afar walaalo ah iyo toddobo gabdhood oo walaalo ah. Waxay ka soo jeedaa qabiilka [[Naleye Ahmed]] ee qabiilka [[Reer-Darawiish|Dhulbahante]] . Walaasheeda Dega Nalayeh waa lataliye sare oo madaxweyne ku xigeenka ah oo la-taliye gaar ah u ah macaamiisha [[U.S. Trust|US Trust]] . <ref name="Snrahwut">https://lasentinel.net/somalia-native-right-at-home-with-u-s-trust.html#sthash.E5J42Zao.dpuf</ref> Nalayeh oo siddeed jir ah, iyada iyo waalidkeed iyo walaalaheed ayaa markii dambe u haajirtay [[Kanada]] sanadkii 1984. Markii hore waxay degeen [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], ka hor inta aysan ugu dambeyntii u guurin [[Toronto]] sanadkii 1992. <ref name="Mthnsaloslit">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.toronto.com/news-story/4577505-tv-host-hodan-nalayeh-shines-a-light-on-somali-life-in-toronto/ |access-date=2026-07-31 |archive-date=2017-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083803/https://www.insidetoronto.com/news-story/4577505-tv-host-hodan-nalayeh-shines-a-light-on-somali-life-in-toronto/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nalayeh wuxuu dhigan jiray [[West Humber Collegiate Institute|Machadka Kulliyadda West Humber]], oo ah dugsi sare oo ku yaal [[Etobicoke]] . Waxbarashadeeda dugsiga sare kadib, waxay wax ku baratay [[University of Windsor|Jaamacadda Windsor]], halkaas oo ay ku qaadatay shahaadada koowaad ee cilmiga isgaarsiinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ka heshay shahaadada jaamacadda ee saxaafadda warbaahinta [[Seneca College|Kulliyadda Seneca]] . <ref name="Mthnsaloslit2">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://cameraworksint.com/cameraworks-productions-introduces-vp-sales-programming-development/ |access-date=2026-07-31 |archive-date=2014-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112061952/http://cameraworksint.com/cameraworks-productions-introduces-vp-sales-programming-development/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraacyada == etvn0i6m33qjyx9h925dxpkmmcm6qvd 0 34213 310016 223310 2026-10-05T00:17:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310016 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Adrian Barath]] (14 Abriil [[1990]] gudaha Chaguanas) - Trinidadic cricket player, batman, wakiilka [[Trinidad iyo Tobago]] iyo Galbeedka Hindiya. Sannadkii [[2014]]-kii, waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in uu shaqada ka fadhiistay – isaga oo noqday mid ka mid ah [https://www.jw.org/so/ Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211105215148/https://newsday.co.tt/2020/04/29/the-cricket-prodigy-who-chose-jehovah/ The cricket prodigy who chose Jehovah] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] q77ndjld8xo5w952hrtux35ecr4cp4j 0 34747 310039 309885 2026-10-05T10:14:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Soomaalida Iswiidhan |image =[[file:Personer i Sverige födda i Somalia 2022.png|thumb|]] | image_caption = Boqolkiiba dadka ku dhashay Soomaaliya marka loo eego dadka gobolka {{legend|#00aeff|align="left"| >1.5% ([[Södermanland County|Gobolka Södermanland]])}}{{legend|#66ccff|align="left"|1–1.5%}}{{legend|#99ddff|align="left"|0.75–0.99%}}{{legend|#cceeff|align="left"|0.5–0.74%}}{{legend|#e5f5ff|align="left"|<0.5%}} | population = '''70,173''' (ku dhashay Soomaaliya)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population by country of birth, age and sex. Year 2000 - 2019|url=http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/|access-date=2020-06-21|website=Statistikdatabasen}}</ref> <br>'''31,761''' (labada waalid ku dhasheen Soomaaliya) | popplace = [[Stockholm]], [[Gothenburg]], [[Malmö]], [[Linköping]] | langs = [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]{{·}}[[Af-Iswiidhan|Iswiidhan]]{{·}}[[Carabi]] | rels = [[Islaam]] | native_name = | native_name_lang = | related_groups = }} '''Soomaalida Iswiidhan''' ({{Langx|sv|Somalier i Sverige}}; {{Langx|so|Soomaalida Iswiidhan}}) waa muwaadiniin iyo deganayaal ku sugan dalka [[Sweden|Iswiidhan]] oo ah dad u dhashay Iswiidhan oo ay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan [[Somalis|Soomaali]] ama ah muwaadiniin [[Somalis|Soomaali]] ah. Qayb libaax oo ka mid ah Soomaalida Iswiidhan waxay u haajireen Iswiidhan sabab la xiriirta [[Somali Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]].<ref name="Fritzes1316c">{{cite book |last1=Carlson, Magnusson & Rönnqvist |url=http://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/55f58b2bc8fd4f66842e37f54c38fc51/somalier-pa-arbetsmarknaden---har-sverige-nagot-att-lara |title=Somalier på arbetsmarknaden - har Sverige något att lära? : underlagsrapport 2 till Framtidskommissionen |date=2012 |publisher=Regeringskansliet - Fritzes |isbn=978-91-38-23810-3 |location=Stockholm |pages=13–16 |access-date=9 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="johnsdotter2010">{{cite book |last1=Johnsdotter |first1=Sara |url=http://www.arvsfonden.se/sites/default/files/article_reports/utvarderingsrapport_-_somaliska_foreningar_som_overbryggare.pdf |title=Somaliska föreningar som överbryggare |date=October 2010 |publisher=Hälsa och samhälle, [[Malmö University]] |pages=5, 13 |access-date=10 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712122245/http://www.arvsfonden.se/sites/default/files/article_reports/utvarderingsrapport_-_somaliska_foreningar_som_overbryggare.pdf |archive-date=12 Bisha Todobaad 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Inta badan Soomaalida Iswiidhan waxay dalka yimaadeen wixii ka dambeeyay sanadka 2006.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.hig.se/download/18.4db66897149b264e1ba4df24/1417115797086/mangfald.pdf|title=Mångfaldsbarometern 2014|publisher=[[Gävle University College]]|year=2014|pages=57}}</ref> ==Tiro-koobka Dadweynaha== [[File:Somalia-foreignborn-sw.png|thumb|Dadka ku dhashay [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]] ee ku nool Iswiidhan iyaga oo loo kala saaray jinsi, 2001-2016 ([[Statistics Sweden|Hay'adda Dhexe ee Tirakoobka Iswiidhan]]).<ref name="Popt"/>{{Update inline|date=April 2021}}]] Sida ay sheegtay [[Statistics Sweden|Hay'adda Dhexe ee Tirakoobka Iswiidhan]], Soomaalidu waxay bilaabeen inay Iswiidhan yimaadaan dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii inta badan iyaga oo uga baxsanaya khilaafka sokeeye ee dalkoodii hooyo. Sanadkii 1990-kii, waxaa jiray ku dhawaad ​​1,000 oo ah dad magangalyo-doon ah oo ku dhashay Soomaaliya oo ku sugnaa Iswiidhan. Tiradani waxay kor u kacday ilaa ku dhawaad ​​2,000 oo magangalyo-doon ah oo ku dhashay Soomaaliya marka la gaaro 1994, laakiin waxay si aad ah ugu dhacday ku dhowaad eber sanadkii 2000. Markii uu dagaalka Soomaaliya xoogaystay, tirada magangalyo-doonka ah ee ku dhashay Soomaaliya ee ku nool Iswiidhan waxay kor u kacday ilaa heer ka sarreeya 5,000 sanadkii 2010. Isla sanadkaas, dowladda Iswiidhan waxay soo bandhigtay shuruudo aqoonsi oo adag oo loogu talagalay qoysaska soo haajirayaashii hore, taas oo adkeysay in dadka ku dhashay Soomaaliya iyo soo-galootiga kale ay helaan ogolaansho deganaansho oo Iswiidhan ah. Natiijo ahaan, tirada magangalyo-doonka ah ee ku dhashay Soomaaliya ee degan Iswiidhan ayaa si weyn ugu dhacday wax yar ka badan 1,000 sanadkii 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scb.se/Statistik/_Publikationer/BE0401_2015I60_BR_BE51BR1502.pdf|title=Sveriges framtida befolkning 2015–2060 - The future population of Sweden 2015–2060|publisher=Statistics Sweden|pages=98, 99, 102, 104|access-date=10 November 2017}}</ref> Sanadkii 2016, waxaa jiray 132 guuritaan oo ka diiwaan gashan Iswiidhan oo tagay Soomaaliya.<ref name="Popem">{{cite web|title=Immigrations and emigrations by country of emi-/immigration, observations and year|url=http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101J/ImmiEmiFlytt/?rxid=ee5d14fa-b09e-4c5c-a32b-06399f8a7ab0 |publisher=Statistics Sweden|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> Sida ay sheegtay Hay'adda Dhexe ee Tirakoobka Iswiidhan, laga soo bilaabo 2016, waxaa jira wadar ahaan 63,853 oo ah [[Immigration to Sweden|soogalooti ku dhashay Soomaaliya oo ku nool Iswiidhan]].<ref name="Popt">{{cite web|title=Foreign-born persons by country of birth, age, sex and year |url=http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=b83e5bbd-958a-4655-aa40-486ba2ca09a3|publisher=Statistics Sweden|access-date=20 October 2017}}</ref> Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, 41,335 waa muwaadiniin Soomaaliyeed (20,554 rag ah, 20,781 dumar ah).<ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign citizens by country of citizenship, sex and year |url=http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101F/UtlmedbR/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=b83e5bbd-958a-4655-aa40-486ba2ca09a3|publisher=Statistics Sweden|access-date=20 October 2017}}</ref> Inta badan dadka degan waa dhalinyaro, oo inta badan ka tirsan da'da 15-24 sano (8,679 rag ah, 7,728 dumar ah), 25-34 sano (7,043 rag ah, 7,958 dumar ah), iyo 5-14 sano (5,882 rag ah, 5,629 dumar ah).<ref name="Popt" /> Ku dhowaad 3,000 oo Soomaali ah ayaa ku nool [[Borlänge]].<ref name="Rsstcfsbt">{{cite news|title=Swede to coach first Somalia bandy team |url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=5532643|access-date=22 June 2013|newspaper=Radio Sweden|date=13 May 2013}}</ref> 2,878 qof oo ku dhashay Soomaaliya ayaa sidoo kale ku nool [[Rinkeby-Kista]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Rinkeby-kista |url=http://www.stockholm.se/PageFiles/297073/Rinkeby-Kista_eng%20ver_final_light.pdf|publisher=City District Council|access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref> Sanadkii 2005, inta badan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool Gothenburg waxay ku xooganaayeen deegaannada [[Biskopsgården]] iyo [[Bergsjön]]/[[Angered]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.gp.se/nyheter/g%C3%B6teborg/28-10-07-g%C3%B6teborgs-somalier-ett-folk-i-kris-1.1179853|title=28/10 -07: Göteborgs somalier - ett folk i kris|work=Göteborgs-Posten|access-date=2018-04-01|language=sv}}</ref> Tirada ugu badan ee ku dhalatay Soomaaliya waxay ku sugan yihiin [[Gothenburg]] (9,756), [[Stockholm]] (8,447), [[Malmö]] (2,556), [[Linköping]] (2,542) iyo [[Örebro]] (2,234).<ref>{{cite web |title=Population by region, country of birth and sex. Year 2000 - 2021 |url=https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FolkmRegFlandK/ |website=Statistika centralbyrån |access-date=23 January 2023}}</ref> Sanadkii 2013, kooxda [[Somalia national bandy team|bandy ee qaranka Soomaaliya]] ayaa sidoo kale lagu aasaasay Borlänge, taas oo ka qayb qaadatay [[2014 Bandy World Championship]]. Waxay ka mid tahay [[Federation of International Bandy]].<ref name="Rsstcfsbt" /> Sanadkii 2014, [[Open Society Foundations]] waxay samaysay warbixin ku saabsan Soomaalida ku nool Malmö taas oo ogaatay in dadka degan Soomaaliya ee magaaladaas ay ku barwaaqoobeen halkaas sababitumay la xiriirta kharashka nolosha oo hooseeya, dulqaad diimeed oo ka weyn kan ka jira qaybaha kale ee Iswiidhan iyo inay joogeen muslimiin badan oo halkaas joogay. Sida warbixintu yay sheegtay, is-dhexgalku wuxuu ahaa mid liita inta badan marka laga eego dhinaca shaqada, maadaama ay shaqaynayeen kaliya 21 boqolkiiba inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in inta badan dadka deggan Malmö ee ku dhashay Soomaaliya ay da'doodu u dhexeyso 16 iyo 40 sano. Mid ka mid ah caqabadaha ugu waaweyn wuxuu ahaa shuruudaha sarreeya ee suuqa shaqada ee xirfadaha afka Iswiidhan.<ref>{{cite news|date=2014-01-31 |access-date=2020-10-11 |title=Somaliesvenskar i Malmö har svårt komma in i samhället |language=sv |newspaper=Sveriges Radio |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/5772775}}</ref> ==Waxbarashada== Sanadkii 2010, xafiiska dowladda ee Regeringskansliet Statsrådsberedningen{{Explain|reason=What does ''Regeringskansliet Statsrådsberedningen bureau'' mean? ''Regeringskansliet'' is the Government Offices and ''Statsrådsberedningen'' is the Prime Minister's Office. So what agency is the ''Regeringskansliet Statsrådsberedningen bureau''?|date=April 2026}} ayaa qiyaasay in 44% oo ka mid ah Soomaalida Iswiidhan ee da'doodu u dhexayso 16-64 ay wax ku barteen heer hoose (''Förgymnasial''), 22% waxay gaareen heerka waxbarashada sare ee labaad (''Gymnasial''<ref name="Sa2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/_Publikationer/OV0904_2014A01_BR_24_A01BR1401.pdf|title=Statistisk årsbok 2014|publisher=Statistics Sweden|pages=448–449|access-date=22 October 2017}}</ref>), 9% waxay gaareen heer waxbarashada ka dambeysa dugsiga sare oo ka yar 3 sano (''Eftergymnasial''<ref name="Sa2014" />), iyo 25% waxay gaareen heer waxbarasho oo aan la aqoon (''Okänd''<ref name="Sa2014" />). Mashruuca [[Open Society Foundations|Open Society Foundation]] (OSF) ee ''At Home in Europe'' ayaa tiriyey saamiga kuwa haysta heer hoose ama "aan la aqoon" ee waxbarashada iyaga oo ka dhigay 60-70%. Sidoo kale OSF waxay ogaatay in heerka waxbarashada kooxdan Soomaalida ah ay ku adkeysay inay fahmaan bulshada Iswiidhan iyo weedhaha lagu isticmaalo afka Iswiidhan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/somalis-malmo-summary-swedish-20130131.pdf |title=Somalier i Malmö - At Home in Europe Project|publisher=[[Open Society Foundations]]|year=2014|pages=2}}</ref> Muddadii u dhaxaysay 2006-2010, soogalootiga Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool [[Somali Canadians|Kanada]] iyo [[Somali Americans|Maraykanka]] waxay lahaayeen heerar sare oo ah dugsiga sare iyo waxbarashada ka dambeysa dugsiga sare marka loo eego Soomaalida Iswiidhan, kuwaas oo ay ku jireen saamiga ugu badan ee kuwa haysta heerka waxbarashada "aan la aqoon" (25%).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carlson, Magnusson & Rönnqvist|title=Somalier på arbetsmarknaden - har Sverige något att lära? : underlagsrapport 2 till Framtidskommissionen |date=2012 |publisher=Regeringskansliet - Fritzes|location=Stockholm|isbn=978-91-38-23810-3|page=42 |access-date=20 October 2017 |url=http://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/55f58b2bc8fd4f66842e37f54c38fc51/somalier-pa-arbetsmarknaden---har-sverige-nagot-att-lara}}</ref> Sida ay sheegtay Hay'adda Dhexe ee Tirakoobka Iswiidhan, sanadaha 2008-2009, waxaa jiray 769 arday oo ah xanaano carruur ah iyo 7,369 arday oo dugsiga qasabka ah ah oo afkooda hooyo ahaa [[Somali language|Soomaali]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistisk årsbok för Sverige - Statistical Yearbook of Sweden 2010|pages=505, 510 |url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/OV0904_2010A01_BR_00_A01BR1001.pdf|publisher=Statistics Sweden|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 2012-2013, waxaa jira 1,011 arday oo ah xanaano carruur ah iyo 10,164 arday oo dugsiga qasabka ah ah oo afkooda hooyo yahay Soomaali.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistisk årsbok för Sverige - Statistical Yearbook of Sweden 2014|pages=452, 455 |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/_Publikationer/OV0904_2014A01_BR_00_A01BR1401.pdf|publisher=Statistics Sweden|access-date=27 October 2017}}</ref> Sanadkii 2010, waxaa jiray 4,269 arday oo afkooda hooyo ahaa Soomaali kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay barnaamijka luqadda dadka waaweyn ee uu dowladdu maamulo ee [[Swedish for Immigrants|SFI (Afka Iswiidhan ee Soogalootiga)]]. Ardaydaas, 2,747 waxay lahaayeen 0–6 sano oo waxbarasho ah dalkoodii hooyo (''Antal utbildningsår i hemlandet''), 797 waxay lahaayeen 7–9 sano oo waxbarasho ah dalkoodii hooyo, iyo 725 waxay lahaayeen 10 sano oo waxbarasho ah ama ka badan dalkoodii hooyo.<ref name="scb_yearbook_2010_p198">{{cite book|last1=centralbyrån|first1=SCB - Statistiska|title=Statistical Yearbook of Sweden 2010|date=2010|publisher=Statistiska Centralbyran|location=[S.l.]|isbn=9789161814961|page=198|url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/UF0524_2009A01_BR_UF0109TAB.pdf|access-date=28 October 2017}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 2012, 10,525 arday oo afkooda hooyo yahay Soomaali iyo 10,355 arday oo ku dhashay Soomaaliya ayaa ku qoran barnaamijka luqadda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Utbildning och forskning - Statistisk årsbok 2014|url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/_Publikationer/OV0904_2014A01_BR_24_A01BR1401.pdf|page=456|publisher=Statistics Sweden|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> == Bulshada == Marka Soomaalidu ay aadaan Iswiidhan, waxay galaan dal aan la kulmin dagaal weyn in ka badan laba boqol oo sano, oo ah nidaam dowli ah oo fidaya in ka badan shan qarni, hay'ado xoog leh, warshado tignoolajiyad sare leh, dhaqaale horumarsan oo aqoon ku saleysan oo leh heer waxbarasho oo guud ahaan sarreeya. Iswiidhan sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah bulshooyinka ugu cilmaaniyadda badan ee leh qiyamka xorta ah ee meelaha udub-dhexaadka u ah dhaqanka soo jireenka ah ee Soomaalida: qoyska, jinsiga iyo galmada. Xaaladahan ayaa isku darkooda ka dhigaya bulsho aad uga duwan tan Soomaaliya.<ref name=":1" /> Sida lagu sheegay warbixin rasmi ah oo soo baxday 1999-kii, inta badan Soomaalida ku nool Stockholm, Gothenburg iyo Malmö waxay ku noolaayeen xaafado ay dad badani ku dhaqan yihiin oo ay ku yar yihiin Iswiidhan iyo dadka ku hadla afka Iswiidhan; tani waxay sidoo kale khusaysaa Soomaalida ku nool magaalooyinka yaryar. Arrimaha gacan ka geystay horumarkan ayaa ahayd in kuwani ay ahaayeen degmooyinka ay ku yaalleen masaajidyada halkaas oo ay kaga dhaqmi karaan diinta Islaamka iyo in ururada bulshada Soomaaliyeed laga aasaasay degmooyinkan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Delaktighet för integration – att stimulera integrationsprocessen för somalisktalande i Sverige. Integrationsverkets rapportserie 1999:4|publisher=Integrationsverket|year=1999}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay daraasad wareysi ah oo ay samaysay Jaamacadda Malmö sanadkii 2013, Soomaalidu waxay muujinayaan walaac xoog leh oo ku saabsan in ay lumiyaan dhaqankooda iyo diinta Islaamka. Soomaalida da'da ah waxay sheegeen in welwelkooda ugu weyn uu yahay sidii loo xaqiijin lahaa aqoonsiga Soomaaliyeed ee carruurtooda, taas oo horseeday khilaafaad aan dhammaad lahayn oo dhexmara xarumaha daryeelka maalinta iyo dugsiyada kuwaas oo "iska indhatira doorbidkooda dhaqameed oo baraya carruurta waxyaabo sax ah oo ka soo horjeeda waxa waalidkood ay wacdiyaan".<ref name=":1" /> === Qabaa'ilka === {{Main|Somali clans}} Dhaqanka qabiilka Soomaaliyeed waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa qurba-joogta dhexdeeda dhowr sababood awgood: tan ugu horreysa oo ugu muhiimsan waa in nidaamka qabiilku uu udub-dhexaad u yahay qoyska iyo aqoonsiga Soomaalida.<ref name=":2">{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=I. M.|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|date=1999|publisher=James Currey Publishers|isbn=0852552807|pages=11–14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA11|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref> Diiwaangelinta afka ee qotodheer ee abtirsiiska waa mudnaan dhaqameed muhiim u ah Soomaalida oo loo yaqaan ''abtiris'' taasoo ah in la raadraaco qabiilka qofka iyada oo ah ballaarinta dhaqankaas — sidaas darteed weedha ''yaa tahay'' ma waydiiso qofka magaciisa, laakiin waxay waydiisaa qabiilkiisa.<ref name=":2" /> Sidoo kale, horumarka tignoolajiyada ayaa fududeeyay xiriirka fudud ee lala yeesho qaraabada dalkii hooyo labadaba isgaarsiinta iyo duulimaadyada jaban ee Soomaaliya taas oo u sahlaysa in badan oo ka mid ah qurba-joogta inay ilaashadaan xiriir qoys oo adag.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Brinkemo, Per.|title=Mellan klan och stat : somalier i Sverige.|year=2020 |publisher=Timbro förlag |isbn=978-91-7703-217-5|oclc=1140682924}}</ref> Dhaqanka qabiilka Soomaaliyeed wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa waddamada cusub ee martigeliya qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed waxaana imaatinka cusubi ay ku biiraan deegaannada bulsho ee horay loo aas-aasay. Nidaamka qabiilku wuxuu sidoo kale u adeegaa sidii madal lagu wadaago macluumaadka taas oo muhiim u ah gaarista go'aamada ku saabsan in loo guuro dalal kale. Nidaamka qabiilku wuxuu kaloo fududeeyaa xawaaladaha lacagaha ee loo diro qaraabada ku nool [[Geeska Afrika]], iyada oo la adeegsanayo qaab bangi oo aan la isticmaalin risiidh.<ref name="johnsdotter2010" /> Qaraabada ku nool Soomaaliya waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin lacagaha ay soo diraan qaraabadooda ku nool qurbaha, kuwaas oo iyaguna la dhibtoonaya dhaqaale ahaan tabucaadooda awgeed.<ref name=":1" /> Hababka deganaanshiyaha Soomaalidu waxay raacaan khadadka qabiilka ee Gothenburg, halkaas oo degmooyinka Hjällbo iyo Hammarkullen ay ku badan yihiin beesha [[Darod|Darood]], xubnaha beesha Hawiye waxaa inta badan laga helaa [[Hisingen]] iyo beesha [[Isaaq|Isaaq]] oo ku sugan degmada [[Frölunda]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Larsson, Göran, 1970-|title=Islam och muslimer i Sverige : en kunskapsöversikt|date=2014|publisher=Nämnden för statligt stöd till trossamfund|others=Sverige. Nämnden för statligt stöd till trossamfund.|isbn=978-91-980611-6-1|location=Bromma|pages=115|oclc=941538793}}</ref> === Xawaalada === Sanadkii 2019, bangiyada Iswiidhan ee SEB, Swedbank iyo Nordea ayaa bilaabay inay xiraan xisaabaadka saddex iyo toban hay'adood oo xawaaladeed oo fududeynaya wareejinta lacagaha ee ka timid Iswiidhan ilaa dalalka ka maqan nidaam bangi oo caadi ah, sida Soomaaliya. Xawaaladaha lacaguhu waa inta badan qaabka keliya ee xasilloon ee taageerada dhaqaale ee ay heli karaan Soomaali badan. Xiritaanku wuxuu ahaa sabab la xiriirta sharciyo la xoojiyay oo loogu talagalay in lagu hor istaago lacag-dhaqidda la sheegay iyo maalgelinta argagixisada. Xiritaanka xisaabaadka waxaa ka soo horjeestay ''Somaliska riksförbundet'', oo ah urur bulsho oo Soomaaliyeed.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|title=Oro när fler hawala-bolag förlorar konton - Nyheter (Ekot)|url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/7235542|access-date=2021-04-23|newspaper=Sveriges Radio|date=7 June 2019 |language=sv}}</ref> Sida uu sheegay wasiirka arrimaha dibadda ee Soomaaliya Axmed Ciise Cawad, wareejinta lacagaha ee ka timid qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka sarreeya caawinta dibadda ee caalamiga ah waxayna gaarayaan in ka badan hal bilyan oo doolar sannadkii.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Radio|first=Sveriges|title=Somalias utrikesminister: Pengar från diasporan viktigare än bistånd - Nyheter (Ekot)|url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/7165405|access-date=2021-04-23|newspaper=Sveriges Radio|date=28 February 2019 |language=sv}}</ref> === Ururada bulshada === Soomaalida ku nool Iswiidhan waxay aasaaseen ururo kala duwan si ay ugu adeegaan bulshadooda. Marka laga reebo ''Somalilandföreningen'' (Ururka Somaliland) ee aan ahayn mid hal qabiil ku kooban, ururada bulshada Soomaaliyeed waxaa badanaa lagu dhisaa [[qabiil]], inkastoo tiro yar oo ka tirsan qabaa'il kala duwan laga heli karo ''Somaliska kulturföreningen'' (Ururka Dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed) iyo ururo kale oo waaweyn.<ref name="Hfinst7" /> Sanadkii 2015-16, ururka bulshada ee ''Somaliska riksförbundet i Sverige'' (SRFS; Ingiriis: the Somali National Association in Sweden<ref>{{Cite web |last=SRFS |title=Home |url=http://www.srfs.se/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=SRFS |language=en-US}}</ref>) waxaa la siiyay lacag-malyuuni ah oo ka timid [[Inheritance Fund (Sweden)|Sanduuqa Dhaxalka ee Iswiidhan]] ee mashruuca Navigator, kaas oo, iyada oo la adeegsanayo seminaaro iyo aqoon-islweydaarsiyo, u jeedda inuu ka hortago xagjirnimada iyo inuu ka hortago rabshadaha diinta ku dhiirigeliya iyo suurtagalnimada qoritaanka argagixisada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bra.se/forebygga-brott/ekonomiskt-stod--slutrapporter/2015.html|title=Ekonomiskt stöd & slutrapporter - 2015|date=2015|website=www.bra.se|language=sv|access-date=2017-11-11|quote=Somaliska Riksförbundet i Sverige (SRFS) har beviljats finansiering från Allmänna Arvsfonden (AA) för projektet Navigator. Projektet syftar till att förebygga religiöst inspirerad våldsbejakande extremism samt sprida kunskap för att avvärja eventuell rekrytering till terrorverksamheter. Dessutom vill SRFS bryta den tystnadskultur som finns runt problemet genom att anordna seminarier för ungdomar och föräldrar, besöka skolor och samarbeta med andra somaliska föreningar. Beslutet avser en utvärdering av hur väl de uppsatta målen har nåtts och hur effektivt aktiviteterna har genomförts. I utvärderingen ingår också en granskning av om rutiner och genomförande fungerar bra eller behöver förändras för att uppnå de uppsatta målen.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arvsfonden.se/projekt/navigator-fredsbejakande-unga-vuxna-somalier |title=Navigator - fredsbejakande unga vuxna somalier {{!}} Arvsfonden|date=20 August 2016|website=www.arvsfonden.se|language=sv|access-date=2017-11-11|quote=Projektets syfte är att förebygga våldsbejakande extremism och extremismmiljöer.}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 2016, waxaa jira agagaarka 100 urur oo bulshada Soomaaliyeed ah oo ka jira Iswiidhan sida ay sheegtay [[Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency|Wakaaladda Iskaashiga Horumarinta Caalamiga ah ee Iswiidhan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sida.se/Svenska/aktuellt-och-press/nyheter/2016/april-2016/sida-lanserar-svensk-somaliskt-foretagarprogram/|title=Sida lanserar svensk-somaliskt företagarprogram|website=www.sida.se|language=sv|access-date=2017-11-10|quote=I Sverige finns ett hundratal civilsamhällesorganisationer med somalisk anknytning.|archive-date=2017-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110114539/http://www.sida.se/Svenska/aktuellt-och-press/nyheter/2016/april-2016/sida-lanserar-svensk-somaliskt-foretagarprogram/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Qaar ka mid ah waxay helaan maalgelin dowladeed oo ka timid [[Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society]], oo ay ku jiraan ''Somaliska riksförbundet i Sverige'', ''Somaliland riksförbund i Sverige'', ''Riksföreningen för khaatumo state of Somalia'', ''Somaliska ungdomsföreningen i Sverige'', ''Barahley somaliska förening'', Somali Dialogue Center iyo ''Somalilands förening''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mucf.se/vi-har-fatt-bidrag?org=somali&projekt=&bidragsnamn=&bidragstyp=All&ort=&beviljatar=All|title=Vi har fått bidrag - Organisationsbidrag, Projektbidrag, EU-bidrag {{!}} MUCF|website=www.mucf.se|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110063638/https://www.mucf.se/vi-har-fatt-bidrag?org=somali&projekt=&bidragsnamn=&bidragstyp=All&ort=&beviljatar=All|archive-date=10 November 2017|access-date=2017-11-10}}</ref> Sida uu qabo Machadka Herbert Felix, laga soo bilaabo 2011, saddexda urur ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed ee ugu muhiimsan ee ka djsan gobolka [[Scania]] waa ''Somalilandföreningen'' iyo ''Hiddo Iyo Dhaqan'' oo ku yaal [[Malmö]], iyo sidoo kale ''Somaliska kulturföreningen'' oo ku taal [[Kristianstad]]. ''Somalilandföreningen'' waxay leedahay ku dhowaad 500 oo xubnood oo inta badan ka soo jeeda gobolka [[Somaliland]] ee waqooyi-galbeed Soomaaliya, ''Hiddo Iyo Dhaqan'' waxay leedahay dhowr boqol oo xubnood oo inta badan ka soo jeeda koonfurta Soomaaliya, iyo ''Somaliska kulturföreningen'' waxay leedahay ku dhowaad 100 xubnood. Ururo kale oo badan oo yaryar ayaa laga aasaasay gobolka, laakiin kuwani ma shaqeeyaan si joogto ah waxayna yihiin asal ahaan ururo hal qof ah ("one man show").<ref name="Hfinst7">{{cite web|title=Somaliskt informations- och kunskapscenter i Skåne|last=Sandberg|first=P|publisher=Herbert Felix Institutet|year=2011|page=7 |url=http://www.lansstyrelsen.se/skane/SiteCollectionDocuments/Sv/manniska-och-samhalle/integration/partnerskap-skane/Somali%20Information%20and%20Business%20Centre/Slutrapport%20f%C3%B6rstudie.pdf|quote=Sammanhållningen i den somaliska diasporan i Skåne är inte oproblematisk. Ett stort antal somaliska föreningar har startats runtom i regionen som kallas för "enmansshows" av de flesta somalier jag träffat.[...] Alla somaliska föreningar utom Somalilandföreningen i Malmö är baserade på klantillhörighet (även om det finns ett fåtal personer från andra klaner i de större föreningarna som t.ex. Somaliska kulturföreningen i Kristianstad). Det blir minst sagt en spretig och rörig bild över vilka personer ska anses vara företrädare för somalier. Det som tidigare påvisats under förberedelsearbetet är att somalier är en oerhört heterogen grupp där klantillhörighet och släktskapsband dominerar. Kartläggningen har visat att endast tre föreningar har en reguljär verksamhet som kan anses av större vikt och som kan ha en betydelse för det framtida somaliska informations- och kunskapscentrat. Somalilandföreningen, Malmö: Fungerar redan idag som en klanöverskridande organisation, dock med koncentration av personer från Somaliland i nordvästra Somalia. Somalilandföreningen med ca 500 medlemmar har en omfattande verksamhet i dagsläget. Hiddo Iyo Dhaqan, Malmö: Har en hel del främst ungdomsverksamhet och består i dagsläget av ett par hundra personer. De flesta härstammar från södra Somalia. Somaliska kulturföreningen, Kristianstad: Har ca 100 medlemmar enligt egna uppgifter och begränsad aktivitet. I dagsläget pågår interna konflikter i föreningen vilket paralyserat dess handlingskraft.}}</ref> Sida uu qabo Machadka Herbert Felix, tiro ka mid ah mashaariicda uu maalgeliyo [[European Union|Midowga Yurub]] ayaa laga bilaabay gobolka Scania iyaga oo la kaashanaya ururada bulshada Soomaaliyeed. Waxaa ka mid ah dadaalladaas ''Somalier startar företag'', oo ka caawisa ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed inay aasaasaan shirkado; ''Integration på arbetsmarknaden för somalier FIAS'', oo ka caawisa is-dhexgalka suuqa shaqada ee degmada [[Eskilstuna]]; ''Integration genom arbete'', oo fududaysa is-dhexgalka suuqa shaqada ee [[Åstorp Municipality|degmada Åstorp]] iyo agagaarkeedii; ''Partnerskap Skåne'', oo udub-dhexaad u ah shaqada horumarinta; ''Samhälls-och hälsokommunikatör'', oo bixisa macluumaad dhaqameed oo la habeeyey oo is-dhexgal ah; ''Integration i förening'', oo ka caawisa dadka cusub iyaga oo ku xiraya oo siinaya macluumaad ku saabsan bulshada ganacsiga deegaanka; ''Ökad inkludering genom språk'', oo ay weheliyaan hoggaamiyeyaasha warshadaha ka caawisa helitaanka luqadda iyada oo la marinayo waxbarashada xirfadda; ''Bazar, Integration och Arbetsmarknad, Malmö Stad'', oo sahanka ku samaysa suurtagalnimada iyo caqabadaha lagu aasaasayo suuq ganacsi oo ku yaal Malmö, [[Gothenburg]], [[Västerås]], [[Södertälje]] iyo degmooyinka Eskilstuna; iyo ''Uppstart Malmö'', oo isku xirta ganacsatada shaqada abuuraya iyo maalgashadayaasha khibradda leh ee ku nool Malmö isla markaana bixisa deymo aan ribo lahayn iyo hagitaan maお金 ah oo bilaash ah.<ref name="Hfinst5">{{cite web|title=Somaliskt informations- och kunskapscenter i Skåne|last=Sandberg|first=P |publisher=Herbert Felix Institutet|year=2011|pages=5–6|url=http://www.lansstyrelsen.se/skane/SiteCollectionDocuments/Sv/manniska-och-samhalle/integration/partnerskap-skane/Somali%20Information%20and%20Business%20Centre/Slutrapport%20f%C3%B6rstudie.pdf}}</ref> == Dadka caanka ah == {{further|:Category:Swedish people of Somali descent}} [[File:Mustafa Mohamed Berlin 2009.JPG|thumb|[[Mustafa Mohamed]] waa orodyahan dheer oo Soomaali-Iswiidhan ah]] *[[Farhiya Abdi]], ciyaaryahan kubadda koleyga ah *[[Amun Abdullahi]], suxufi *[[Ferid Ali]], ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah *[[Taha Ali]], ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah *[[Cherrie (singer)|Cherrie]], magaca masraxa ee heesaa Shiriihan Mohamed Abdulle, waa walaashii rapper-ka K27 *[[Dree Low]], magaca masraxa ee Salah Abdi Abdulle, muusikiiste rap ah *[[Rizak Dirshe]], orodyahan fogaansho dhexe ah *[[Bilal Hussein (footballer)|Bilal Hussein]], ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah *[[Mohamoud Jama and Bille Ilias Mohamed]], jihaadiyiin ah *[[Ali Yassin Mohamed]], Islaamiyiin dagaalyahan ah *[[Mustafa Mohamed]], orodyahan fogaansho dheer ah *[[Bilan Osman]], suxufi iyo qoraa *[[Abdirizak Waberi]], siyaasi iyo hoggaamiye urur Islaami ah *[[Mona Walter]], faallo-bixiye bulsho oo diidaysa Islaamka * [[Yasin (rapper)|Yasin]], rapper abaal-marin ku guuleystay, dambiile la xukumay oo ah ilmo-adeer u ah [[Cherrie (singer)|Cherrie]] iyo K27 * [[SpawN|Abdisamad "SpawN" Mohamed]], ciyaaryahan Counter-Strike ah == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 3su7gxx2a4c5454ijzg98io3tdfx2iq 0 36427 310036 309936 2026-10-05T09:27:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310036 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dawalada salaajiqada ruum''' afka carabiga: ('''دَوْلَةُ سَلَاجِقَةِ الرُّومِ)''' afka faarisiga (دولت سلجوقیان روم) waa dowlad islaami ah oo ka jirtay dhulka [[Anatooliya|anadool]] intii u dhaxeesay 1077 ilaa 1308 waxeyna ka go'day [[salaajiqada waaween]] {{Infobox Former Country |conventional_long_name=Salaajiqada ruum |native_name= |continent=آسیا |region=آناطولی |image_coat=SelcukluKartali2.png |image_flag=Flag of Sultanate of Rum.svg |flag_type=Gorgorka waxaa loo adgeesan jiray astaanta calanka salaajiqada ruum |year_start=1077 |year_end=1307 |p1=Salaajiqada waaween |flag_p1= |p2=Daanmandiyiinta |flag_p2=Anatolia 1097.svg |p3=Mankuujiyiinta |flag_p3= |p4=Banuu saldaaq |flag_p4= |p5=Artaqiyiin |flag_p5= |s1=Imaaradaha turkida ee anaadool |flag_s1=Anadolu Beylikleri.png |s2=Cusmaaniyiinta |flag_s2=Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg |s3=Ilkhaaniyiinta |flag_s3=Ilkhanate in 1256–1353.PNG |s4=Armiiniyada yar |flag_s4=Rubenid Flag.svg |<!-- Please do not put the flag-based succession box here: the successor states are far too numerous and none possess verifiable flags. --> |event_start = Aasaasantay |event_end = Burburtay |image_map=Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate.JPG |image_map_size=285px |image_map_caption=Balaarinta dawlada ku dhawaad 1100-1240 |capital=[[Iznik]], [[konya|quunya]], [[siiwaas]] |common_languages=[[Af faarisi]] (rasmi) [[af turki]], [[af giriig]] |title_leader=سلجوقیان روم |leader1=[[Suleymaan bin qutulmush]] |year_leader1=1077-1084 |leader2=[[Mascuud labaad]] |year_leader2=1303-1307 |stat_year1=Sanadkii 1243 |stat_area1=400000 |common_name=Rum}} == Taariiqada == [[Dagaalkii mulaadkarad]] kadib turkida waxay ku soo shubmeen anaadool waxeyna ka qabsadeen [[imbiraadooriyada biriizanda]] magaalooyin badan [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan bin qutulmush]] oo ka tirsan qooska salaajiqada ayeena u doortay amiir asna wuxuu raacsanaa suldaanka [[salaajiqada waaween]] [[Suldaan Malik shaah|malik shaah]] <ref name=":0"><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1= </nowiki>[[ابن الأثير الجزري|ابن الأثير، علي بن مُحمَّد بن عبد الكريم بن عبد الواحد الشيباني الجزري]]|عنوان= الكامل في التاريخ|طبعة= الأولى|صفحة= 393 - 395|سنة= [[1407هـ]] - [[1987]]م|المجلد=الجُزء الثامن|ناشر= دار الكُتُب العلميَّة|مكان= [[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|مسار=https://ia802707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt08.pdf| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20210810074339/https://ia802707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt08.pdf |</ref>, [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan bin qutulmush]] wuxuu sii waday dagaalada oo ku waday biriizanda iyo furashooyinkiisa, [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] oo tabar iska weesay ayaa ogolaatay hishiis waxeyna u aqoonsatay meelihii uu furtay oo ka mid tahay [[niiqiya]] iyo gobolka [[biitiiniya]] <ref name=":1"><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=</nowiki>[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|إصدار=الأولى|صفحة=63|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|</ref> Kadib [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan bin qutulmush]] wuxuu soo aaday [[shaam]] waxa uuna weeraray [[andaakiya]] oo heestay taliye arman ahaa, durba magaalada gacanta ayee u gashay, balse amiirka [[xalab]] [[sharafu dawla]] oo u arkay in Suleymaan damac uga juro magaaladiis ayaa dagaal ku bilaay, suleymaan oo ka jawaabaya ayaa weerar ba'an ku qaaday [[xalab]] duleedka magaalada ayee ku dirireen waxaana ku dhintay dagaalka [[sharafu dawlada]], [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan]] wuxuu filanaayay in magaalada usoo gacan galeeso laakin taas ma dhicin oo dadkii magaalada ayaa daafac galay suldaanka salaajiqada [[Suldaan Malik shaah|malik shaah]] iyo amiirka [[dimishiq]] [[taajudiin tutush]] ayeena gurmad weediisteen, [[taajudiin tutush]] ayaa soo hormaray, waxayna ku dagaalameen asaga iyo [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan]] meel loo yaqaan ceynu saliim 1086 waxaana lagu dilay dagaalka [[suleymaan bin qutulmush]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن القلانسي|ابن القلانسي، أبو يعلى حمزة بن أسد بن علي بن مُحمَّد التميمي]]|عنوان=تاريخ دمشق|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=194|سنة=[[1403هـ]] - [[1983]]م|ناشر=دار حسَّان للطباعة والنشر|مكان=[[دمشق]] - [[سوريا]]|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225230924/https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|</ref> wiilkiisa qilij arsalaan gacanta ayaa lagu dhigay [[asfahaan]] ayaa loo qaaday. dhimashada [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan]] dawlada cusub waxay soo gaarsiisay daciifnimo, dawlada oo ka mid yihiin [[daanishmandiyiinta]] iyo [[mankuujiyiinta]] ayaana ka go'ay dawlada. abul qaasim oo isku dhawaayeen [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan]] ayaa hogaanka dawlada qabtay waxa oona ku guuleestay inuu difaaco weerarada biriizandiyiinta hase ahaatee suldaanka salaajiqada [[Suldaan Malik shaah|Malik shaah]] ayaa amiir [[bursuq]] u soo diray inuu maamulo salaajiqada ruum bursuq ayaa ku fashilmay inuu abulqaasim meesha ka saaro [[malik shaah]] ayaa ku badalay amiir buuzaan oo asna ku guuleesan, abulqaasim wuxuu isku dayayay inuu qanciyo [[Suldaan Malik shaah|Malik shaah]] laakin Natiijo kama keenin, 1092dii ayaana la dilay, [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] Wiilka [[Suleyman bin qutulmush|suleymaan bin qutulmush]] ayaa dib ugu soo laabtay dawlada waxaana loo doortay suldaan === Weerarka koowaad ee kirishmiska === [[File:Siege de Nicée (1097).jpg|thumb|saliibiyiinta oo go'doominayaan niiqiya caasimadii salaajiqada]] wax yar kama soo wareegin ku fariisahada [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] carshiga waxa uu wajahay weerarkii koowaad ee saliibiga kaas ku baaqay baabaa [[Orabaan labaad|orabaankii labaad]] kadib codsi kaga yimid imbiraadoorkii biriizanda [[aleksiyoos komeniin]], kaas oo dalbaday in laga saacido la dagaalanka muslimiinta, waxaa ka bilaawday [[yurub]] abaabul dagaal lag\u qaado muslimiinta, waxaa loo hormaray koox kirishmis ah oo xamaasadeesan una badnaa rayid aa dagaal wax ka aqoon, waxay socdaan [[Istanbuul|Qusdandiiniya]] ayee soo gaareen way soo talaabeen salaajiqada ayee daadaansi ku bilaabeen balse waa la wada laayay <ref group=""><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=Norwich, John Julius|عنوان=Byzantium: The Decline and Fall|صفحة=33 - 35|سنة=</nowiki>[[1996]]|ناشر=Knopf|لغة=en|مسار=https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=HUpoAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Peter+the+Hermit|isbn=0679416501|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010223807/https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=HUpoAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Peter+the+Hermit|تاريخ أرشيف=10 أكتوبر 2020</ref> in yar oo imbiraadoorka biriizanda badbaadiyay mooyee <ref><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=</nowiki>[[ستيفين رونسيمان|رونسيمان، ستيڤن]]|مؤلف2=ترجمة:نور الدين خليل|عنوان=تاريخ الحملات الصليبيَّة|طبعة=الثانية|المجلد=الجُزء الأوَّل: من كليرمونت إلى أورشليم|صفحة=221 - 224|سنة=[[1998]]|ناشر=[[الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب|الهيئة المصريَّة العامَّة لِلكتاب]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://archive.org/details/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah01/page/n221/mode/2up</ref>, [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] guushaan oo gaaray ka dib wuxuu ka tagay niiqiya asigoona ku mashquulay khilaaf kala dhaxeeyay [[daanishmandiyiinta]] mana ogeen in dagaal xoog badan sugaayo. Sanadkii 1097 ciidanka kirishmiska oo aad u badnaa talyaal sarena hogaaminaayeen ayaa gaaray [[niiqiya]] weyna go'doomiyeen, [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] ayaa durbadii soo laabtay wuxuu isku dayay badbaadinta magaaladiis balse kuma guuleysan, wuxuu aaday buuraha<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[وليم الصوري|الصوري، وليم]]|مؤلف2=ترجمة: د. حسن حبشي|عنوان=الحُرُوب الصليبيَّة|المجلد=الجُزء الأوَّل|صفحة=201 - 205|سنة=[[1991]]|ناشر=[[الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب|الهيئة المصريَّة العامَّة للكتاب]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia903107.us.archive.org/7/items/ktp2019-bskn8450/ktp2019-bskn8450.pdf|مسار{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830214851/https://ia903107.us.archive.org/7/items/ktp2019-bskn8450/ktp2019-bskn8450.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, dadka magaalada ayaa muujiyay difaac daran heer ee kirishmiska ku daalaan, markii dambe [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] ayaa ku caawisay doomo xaga bada, markaas ayee is dhiibeen [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] ayeena u dhiibeen magaalada. [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|Qilij arsalaan]] caasimadiis markuu waayay wuxuu caasimad cusub ka dhintay [[Konya|quunya]], waxa uuna la galay wada hadal [[daanishmandiyiinta]], si loogu midoobo cadawga soo duulaya. Ciidanka kirishmiska gulufkooda ayee sii wateen mar ee maraayeen meel la dhaho doorliim ayee [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] iyo isbahaysiga muslimiinta dagaal kala kulmeen, inkastoo muslimiinta markii hore guuleesteen hadana gurmad u yimid gaalada awgeed waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay dib u baxaan<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=الشارتري، ڤوشيه|مؤلف2=ترجمة: د. زياد العسلي|عنوان=تاريخ الحملة إلى القُدُس 1095 - 1127|صفحة=47 - 50|سنة=[[1990]]|ناشر=دار الشُرُوق لِلنشر والتوزيع|مكان=[[عمان (الأردن)|عمَّان]] - [[الأردن|الأُردُن]]|مسار=https://ia803108.us.archive.org/33/items/ktp2019-bskn11653/ktp2019-bskn11653.pdf|مسار{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225159/https://ia803108.us.archive.org/33/items/ktp2019-bskn11653/ktp2019-bskn11653.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>. Dagaalada kirishmiska waxey ku yeesheen saameyn weyn dawlada waxayna ku weesay dhul badan 20kii sano ee u dambeeyay qabsadeen <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[سعيد عبد الفتاح عاشور|عاشور، سعيد عبد الفتَّاح]]|عنوان=الحركة الصليبيَّة: حركة مُشرِّفة في تاريخ الجهاد الإسلامي في العُصُور الوُسطى|المجلد=الجُزء الأوَّل|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=138 - 139|سنة=2010|ناشر=[[مكتبة الأنجلو المصرية]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|isbn=9770516570|مسار=https://ia600906.us.archive.org/17/items/lis_tar04/lis_tar0409_1.pdf|مسار{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830214843/https://ia600906.us.archive.org/17/items/lis_tar04/lis_tar0409_1.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref> [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|Qilij arsalaan]] ayaa arkay xal inuu qaribo tuulooyinka si kirishmiska sahay uga dhigan <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=88|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>, Weerada kirishmiska waxey u sii gudbeen dhanka [[shaam]], waxayna ka aasaaseen afar imaarado. Dagaalada kirishmiska ayaa kusoo laab laabteen dawlada, [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] wuxuu awooday wixii ka dambeeyay 1101 inuu jabiyo sedex weerar <ref name="هرقلة">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ستيفين رونسيمان|رونسيمان، ستيڤن]]|مؤلف2=ترجمة:نور الدين خليل|عنوان=تاريخ الحملات الصليبيَّة|طبعة=الثانية|المجلد=الجُزء الثاني: مملكة القُدس والشرق الفرنجي|صفحة=54 - 59|سنة=[[1998]]|ناشر=[[الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب|الهيئة المصريَّة العامَّة لِلكتاب]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://archive.org/details/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah02/page/n53/mode/2up</ref><ref name="رنسيمان11012">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ستيفين رونسيمان|رونسيمان، ستيڤن]]|مؤلف2=ترجمة:نور الدين خليل|عنوان=تاريخ الحملات الصليبيَّة|طبعة=الثانية|المجلد=الجُزء الثاني: مملكة القُدس والشرق الفرنجي|صفحة=50 - 54|سنة=[[1998]]|ناشر=[[الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب|الهيئة المصريَّة العامَّة لِلكتاب]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://archive.org/details/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah/tarikh.al.hmlat.al.slibiah02/page/n49/mode/2up</ref> taas oo soo celisay hebada dawlada, === ka go'ida salaajiqada waaween === Guulaha uu ka gaaray saliibiyiinta ka dib waxa uu dib ugu laabtay la dagaalanka [[daanishmandiyiinta]] kuwaas oo isku heesteen hanashada [[maltaay]], markuu dhintay amiir guumushtakiin 1105 ayuu awooday inuu ka qabsado magaalada ilmihiisa <ref name="Syrien" group="la">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ميخائيل السرياني|Michel le Syrien]]|عنوان=Chronique de Michel le Syrien|صفحة=192|المجلد=Tome III|سنة=[[1905]]|ناشر=Ernest Leroux|مكان=[[باريس|Paris]]|لغة=fr|مسار=https://archive.org/details/MichelLeSyrien3/page/n199/mode/2up</ref>, waxa uuna ka go'ay salaajiqada waaween kuwaas oo galeen dagaal sokeeye kadib dhimashada suldaan [[malik shaah]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[شمس الدين الذهبي|الذهبي، أبو عبد الله شمس الدين مُحمَّد بن أحمد بن عُثمان بن قايماز]]|عنوان=تاريخ الإسلام ووفيَّات المشاهير والأعيان|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=20 - 22، 26 - 27|سنة=[[1415هـ]] - [[1994]]م|ناشر=دار الكتاب العربي|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|المجلد=الجُزء الرابع والثلاثون|مسار=https://ia600903.us.archive.org/7/items/FP3938/tiz34.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia600903.us.archive.org/7/items/FP3938/tiz34.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, shacbiyada [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] ayaa kor u kacday wuxuu qabsaday [[mayaafaaraqiin]], sanadii 1105 ayuu isku dayay qabsashada imaarada ruhaa balse may suura galin, wuu ka soo laabtay wuxuu dhex kusii qabsaday magaalada [[xaraan]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن القلانسي|ابن القلانسي، أبو يعلى حمزة بن أسد بن علي بن مُحمَّد التميمي]]|عنوان=تاريخ دمشق|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=242|سنة=[[1403هـ]] - [[1983]]م|ناشر=دار حسَّان للطباعة والنشر|مكان=[[دمشق]] - [[سوريا]]|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225230924/https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|تاريخ أرشيف=25 ديسمبر 2020</ref>. wuxuu ahaa [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] inuu ku duulay [[mowsil]] sandii 1107<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب||مؤلف1=Runciman|الأول=Steven|وصلة مؤلف=Steven Runciman|عنوان=A History of the Crusades|المجلد=Vol.2|ناشر=Cambridge University Press|سنة=1951|صفحة=110|chapter=Chapter VI: Equilibrium in the North|chapterurl=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QL88AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=Kilij+Arslan+I+++Mosul+1107&source=bl&ots=8OPKnTJybQ&sig=OTNpLHAbpP9gShajdwzF5yjmPmQ&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Kilij%20Arslan%20I%20%20%20Mosul%201107&f=false</ref> waxaana u suura gashay inuu qabsado magaalada, balse wuxuu wajahay isbaheysi xoogan oo [[Artaqiyiinta|artaqiyiin]] iyo amiirka [[xalab]] ka koobnaa wuxuu la galay dagaal kaas oo lagu jabshay<ref>The Cambridge history of Islam: The Central Islamic lands from Pre-Islamic, Editors: Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis, (Cambridge University Press, 1970), 239.</ref> [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] oo cararaya ayaana ku dhintay wabiga, wiilkiis Malik shaah ayaana la qabtay oona loo diray maxamed bin Malik shaah <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن الأثير الجزري|ابن الأثير، علي بن مُحمَّد بن عبد الكريم بن عبد الواحد الشيباني الجزري]]|عنوان=الكامل في التاريخ|طبعة=الرابعة|صفحة=104 - 107|سنة=[[1424هـ]] - [[2003]]م|المجلد=الجُزء التاسع|ناشر=دار الكُتُب العلميَّة|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|مسار=https://ia802707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt09.pdf|isbn=2745100467|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216200434/https://ia802707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt09.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=16 ديسمبر 2019</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة|الأخير=يُوسُف|الأول=هُدى ياسين|اسم الدورية=إضاءات موصليَّة|مسار=http://uomosul.edu.iq/public/files/datafolder_2706/_20190926_070848_740.pdf|عنوان=الحوليَّات{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} السُريانيَّة مصدرًا لِسلاجقة الموصل، تاريخ الزمان لِابن العبري أُنموذجًا|العدد=العدد 68|سنة=ربيع الأوَّل [[1434هـ]] \ شُباط 2013|صفحات=صفحة 9|ناشر=مركز دراسات الموصل، [[جامعة الموصل]]|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107235347/http://uomosul.edu.iq/public/files/datafolder_2706/_20190926_070848_740.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=7 يناير 2021</ref> === kala qeyb samida dawlada iyo isku soocelinteeda === Kadib dhimashada [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|qilij arsalaan]] dawlada way kala qebsantay wiilkiis curudka Malik shaah wuxuu ku jiray xabasi, xaaskiis ayaa qabsatay [[Malaatya|maltaay]] wiil yar oo dogrol la dhaho ee dhashay ayaa suldaan laga dhigay, labada wiil kale [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] iyo carab; mascuud wuxuu ku ag noolaa sodogiis [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] amiirka [[daanishmandiyiinta]], carabna [[Konya|quunya]] ayuu joogay<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=112|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>, Malik shaah ayaa dib u soo laabtay 1107dii waxaana u suura gashay inuu [[Konya|quunya]] galo oona noqdo suldaan<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن القلانسي|ابن القلانسي، أبو يعلى حمزة بن أسد بن علي بن مُحمَّد التميمي]]|عنوان=تاريخ دمشق|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=254|سنة=[[1403هـ]] - [[1983]]م|ناشر=دار حسَّان للطباعة والنشر|مكان=[[دمشق]] - [[سوريا]]|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225230924/https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|تاريخ أرشيف=25 ديسمبر 2020}}</ref>, waxa uuna xabsiga dhigay labadiis walaal carab iyo [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]], dagaalo qaraar ayuuna la galay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] oo ahayd inee ku soo fiday dhulka dawlada, labadiisa walaal ayaa xabsiga ka baxsadeen [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] oo taageero ka helaayo sodogiis [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ayaana ku guuleestay inuu dilo walaalkiis Malik shaah 1116 <ref group="la">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأول=John W.|الأخير=Birkenmeier|عنوان=The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180|ناشر=Brill|سنة=2002|isbn=90-04-11710-5|مسار=https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=p8OOoGWRC2EC&q=Malik+Shah#v=snippet&q=Malik%20Shah&f=false|صفحات=79 - 80|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108113913/https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=p8OOoGWRC2EC&q=Malik+Shah|تاريخ أرشيف=8 يناير 2021</ref> markale ayee dawlada kala qeybsantay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] wuxuu qabsaday caasimada iyo meelo kaloo yar, walaalkiis carab wuxuu qabsaday [[ankara]] iyo [[qasdamuuni]], walaalkiis kale dogrol oo masuul ka ahaayen hooyadiis iyo ninkeeda blak artaqi wuxuu heestay [[maltaay]]<ref name="Cambridge" group="">{{استشهاد بموسوعة|الأخير=Turan|الأول=Osman|محرر1=P.M. Holt|محرر2=Ann K. S. Lambton|محرر3=Bernard Lewis|اسم الموسوعة=The Cambridge History of Islam|عنوان=Anatolia in The Period of The Seljuks and The Beyliks|مسار={{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7B%7B%21%7D%7D%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%3D |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-date=2017-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413030738/https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7B%7B%21%7D%7D%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%3D |url-status=bot: unknown}}0413030738/http://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-–-1a.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=2017-04-13</ref>, waxaana walaalaha ka dhex bilaawday colaad daran, [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] markii hore wuxuu diirada saaray la dagaalanka [[Imbraadooriyaada biriizanda|biriizanda]] waxa uuna ku guuleestay inuu ka soo ceshado dhul badan<ref name="تنازع">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=120 - 122|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>, sanadkii 1114 [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ayaa fursad ku helay maltaay waa uuna qabsaday asigoo garab ka helaayo [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]], waxa uuna diiday lahaanshaha salaajiqada ee magaalada, carab ayaa aad uga carooday arintaas wuxuuna ku eedeeyay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] inuu qiyaanay dawlada oona ilaalin karin dhulkeeda, 1116 weerar xoogan ayuu ku qaaday caasimada [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] ayaa ka gurmad dalbay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]], carabna amiirka arman ayuu garab ka dalbay, dagaalo adag ayaa dhex maray kuwaas oo ku soo dhamaaday inuu guuleestay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]], inkastoo [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] uu kaligiis soo haray hadana wuxuu ku sii hoos noolaa [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ilaa uu ka dhintay 1135. === Ka hortagida weerarka 2aad === imaarada ruhaa oo ka mid ahayd imaaradaha kirishmiska ayaa waxaa qabsaday [[zankiyiinta]] waxaana ka dhashay weerar saliibi oo cusub weerarkan waxaa hogaaminaayay boqorka faransiiska [[luwiis todobaad]] iyo boqorka jarmalka [[konraad sedexaad]], [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] ayaa ka hortagay waxa uuna u geestay baaba' xun ciidanka jarmalka, boqorkooda wuu dhaawacmay xitaa<ref group="">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأول=Ebru|الأخير=Altan|عنوان=Haçlı Seferleri Tarihi(History of the crusades|صفحة=120|مسار=http://auzefkitap.istanbul.edu.tr/kitap/tarih_ao/hstarihi.pdf|لغة=tr|ناشر=İstanbul{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK ve Uzaktan EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ|سنة=2015|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022112800/http://auzefkitap.istanbul.edu.tr/kitap/tarih_ao/hstarihi.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=2020-10-22</ref>, faransiiska ayagana khasaaro xoogan buu gaarsiiyay inkastoo ku guuleesteen inee u gudbaan [[shaam]], [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] waxa oo isbahaysi la sameeyay [[nuurudiin zanki]] haraadiga imaarada ruhaa ayeena ku qaadeen weeraro aa kala joogsi laheen ugu dambeyn way la wareegeen weyna kala qeybsadeen <ref name="تل باشر">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن القلانسي|ابن القلانسي، أبو يعلى حمزة بن أسد بن علي بن مُحمَّد التميمي]]|عنوان=تاريخ دمشق|إصدار=الأولى|صفحة=480 - 489|سنة=[[1403هـ]] - [[1983]]م|ناشر=دار حسَّان للطباعة والنشر|مكان=[[دمشق]] - [[سوريا]]|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225230924/https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|تاريخ أرشيف=25 ديسمبر 2020</ref> === Qilij arsalaan labaad === [[Ruknudiin mascuud|Mascuud]] wuxuu u baxay la dagaalanka amiirka armiiniya [[tuuruus labaad]] markuu ka soo laabtay wuu dhintay 1156 xilkana waxaa qabtay [[qilij arsalaan labaad]], waxaa bilaawday dagaalo u dhaxeeya dawlada iyo [[daanishmandiyiinta]] blase [[nuurudiin zanki]] oo arkaayay in is khilaafka muslimiinta uu awood siinaayo cadawga ayaa dhaxdhaadin sameeyay <ref name="القلانسي">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن القلانسي|ابن القلانسي، أبو يعلى حمزة بن أسد بن علي بن مُحمَّد التميمي]]|عنوان=تاريخ دمشق|إصدار=الأولى|صفحة=510 - 511|سنة=[[1403هـ]] - [[1983]]م|ناشر=دار حسَّان للطباعة والنشر|مكان=[[دمشق]] - [[سوريا]]|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225230924/https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://books-library.online/files/download-pdf-ebooks.org-1535836264-222.pdf&hl=ar|تاريخ أرشيف=25 ديسمبر 2020</ref>, markale ayuu khilaafka soo laabtay hadana culumada iyo wax garadka ayaa hishiis sameeyeen, hishiiska ka dib [[qilij arsalaan labaad]] wuxuu ku duulay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]], waxa uuna ka qabsaday magaalooyinka [[laarinda]] iyo [[saliiqiya]], balse mudadii u dhaxeesay 1159-1161 waxa uu kala kulmay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] jab is daba jooga ugu dambeyn wuxuu aqbalay hishiis dhigaayay shuruudo adag <ref group="">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأخير=Rogers|الأول=Clifford J.|عنوان=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology: Vol. 1|ناشر=Oxford University Press|مكان=Oxford|سنة=2010|isbn=978-0195334036|صفحة=290|مسار=https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&q=Kilij+Arslan#v=onepage&q=Kilij%20Arslan&f=false|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011537/https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&q=Kilij+Arslan|تاريخ أرشيف=21 يناير 2021</ref><ref group="">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأخير=Heath|الأول=Ian|عنوان=Byzantine Armies 1118–1461 AD (Illustrated by Angus McBride)|ناشر=Osprey Publishing|سنة=1995|isbn=1-85532-347-8|صفحة=4}}</ref><ref group="">{{استشهاد بموسوعة|الأخير=Cahen|الأول=Cl|اسم الموسوعة=Encyclopaedia of Islam|عنوان=Ḳi̊li̊d̲j̲ Arslan II|مسار=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4364|تاريخ=[[2012]]|ناشر=BRILL|سلسلة=Handbook of Oriental Studies|طبعة=الثانية|isbn=9789004161214|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122005714/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_4364|تاريخ أرشيف=22 يناير 2021</ref>, mudadii uu hishiiska socday Qilij arsalaan wuxuu xooga saaray soo celinta awooda dawlada waxaana u suura gashay 1574 inuu qabsado imaarada siiwaas oo [[daanishmandiyiinta]] ka mid ahayd, imbiraadoorka biriizanda ayaa arkay inuu fursad siiyay [[Qilij arsalaan labaad|qilij arsalaan]] waxa uuna dalbaday dhulka [[daanishmandiyiinta]], markii loo diiday dagaal ayuu soo qaaday Qilij arsalaan ayaa awooday inuu ku jabiyo [[dagaalkii miryokifaaloon]], khasaaro adag ayuuna gaarsiiyay <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[أسد رستم|رُستم، أسد]]|عنوان=الروم في سياستهم وحضارتهم ودينهم وثقافتهم وصلاتهم بالعرب|صفحة=444|سنة=[[2018]]|ناشر=[[مؤسسة هنداوي للتعليم والثقافة]]|مكان=[[وندسور]] - [[المملكة المتحدة]]|isbn=9781527315785|مسار=https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://ebooksstream.com/d_pdfs/kutub-pdf.net_ReK77pM.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://archive.vn/HJgpT|تاريخ أرشيف=2021-01-21</ref><ref group="la">{{استشهاد|الأخير=Hendy|الأول=Michael|سنة=1985|عنوان=Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c. 300–1450|ناشر=Cambridge University Press|مكان=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-24715-2|صفحة=128</ref>. Sanadkii 1177 waxa uu qabsaday imaarada maltaay oo ugu dambeesay [[daanishmandiyiinta]], sidaas ayee dawlada ku noqotay awooda muslimka kaliya ee ka jirta [[Anatooliya|anaadool]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=197|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>. 1179 [[Qilij arsalaan labaad|qilij arsalaan]] wuxuu dagaal ku qaaday [[Dawlada ayuubiyiinta|ayuubiyiinta]], hase yeeshee jab ayuu kala kulmay [[Salaaxudiin al-Ayyuubi|salaaxudiin]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[المنصور محمد بن عمر|الأيُّوبي، مُحمَّد بن تقي الدين عُمر بن شاهنشاه]]|عنوان=مضمار الحقائق وسر الخلائق|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=18 - 19|سنة=[[1968]]|ناشر=عالم الكُتُب|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[الجمهورية العربية المتحدة|مصر]]|مسار=https://archive.org/details/MidhmarAlhahaqeq/page/n39/mode/2up</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن واصل|ابن واصل، أبو عبد الله مُحمَّد بن سالم بن نصر الله المازني التميمي الحموي الشافعي]]|عنوان=مُفرِّج الكُروب في أخبار بني أيُّوب|صفحة=79|المجلد=المُجلَّد الثاني|سنة=[[1377هـ]] - [[1957]]م|ناشر=[[دار الكتب والوثائق القومية|دار الكُتُب والوثائق القوميَّة]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] [[جمهورية مصر|مصر]]|مسار=https://ia801308.us.archive.org/26/items/FP42193/02_42194.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225129/https://ia801308.us.archive.org/26/items/FP42193/02_42194.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, Weerarkii sedexaad ee saliibiga ayaa ku yimid dhulka dawlada, waxaana hogaamiya ka ahaa feridriik barboosa boqorka jarmalka, wuxuu doorbiday [[Qilij arsalaan labaad|Qilij arsalaan]] inuu ka gambado laakin wiilkiis Qudbudiin ayaa la dagaalay waxeyna qabsadeen [[Konya|quunya]] 1190 <ref name="ابن الأثير1">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن الأثير الجزري|ابن الأثير، علي بن مُحمَّد بن عبد الكريم بن عبد الواحد الشيباني الجزري]]|عنوان=الكامل في التاريخ|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=193 - 194|سنة=[[1407هـ]] - [[1987]]م|ناشر=دار الكُتُب العلميَّة|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|المجلد=الجُزء العاشر|مسار=https://ia902707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt10.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127060341/https://ia902707.us.archive.org/15/items/WAQkamilt/kamilt10.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=27 نوفمبر 2020</ref>, hase yeeshee boqorka jarmalka ayaa isaga baxay magaalada Shan bari ka dib waxa uuna dalbaday in sahay la siiyo jidkana loo furo. Sanadkii 1186 waxaa ku dhacay [[Qilij arsalaan labaad|qilij arsalaan]] cudurka faalij waxa uu ku fakaray inuu ilmihiis oo ahaayeen kow iyo toban u kala qeybiyo dawlada, taasi oo qalad weyn ahayd waxaa mariiba ka dhex bilaawday walaalaha khilaaf iyo dagaalo, [[Qilij arsalaan labaad|qilij arsalaan]] ayaa gadaal dambe ka ogaaday qaladkiisa wuxuu bilaabay inuu dib usoo mideeyo asagoo madax ka dhigaayo wiilkiis [[Kiikhisroof koowaad|gayaasudiin kiikhisroof]] <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن بيبي|ابن بيبي، ناصر الدين حُسين بن مُحمَّد بن علي الجعفري الرغدي]]|مؤلف2=تعريب محُمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم|طبعة=الثانية|صفحة=2 - 4|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, hase ahaatee asoo ku guuleesan buu dhintay 1196, wiilkiis suleymaan ayaa awooday inuu dhamaan ka adkaado laakin 1204 laakin shan bari ka dib wuu iska dhintay <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=213 - 214|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf</ref> wiilkiis qilij arsalaan sedexaad ayaa xilka qabtay === Xilliga dahabiga ee dawlada === Sannadkii 1205 [[Kiikhisroof koowaad|Gayaasudiin Kiikhisroof]] ayaa yimid carshiga mar labaad <ref><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=Sara Nur Yildiz|مؤلف2=</nowiki>[[:en:A. C. S. Peacock|A. C. S. Peacock]]|عنوان=The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East|إصدار=المُصوَّرة|صفحة=178–179|سنة=[[2013]]|ناشر=[[أي بي توريس|I.B. Tauris]]|مكان=[[لندن|London]]|لغة=en|isbn=9781848858879|مسار=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285750373_The_Seljuks_of_Anatolia_Court_and_Society_in_the_Medieval_Middle_East_Edited_by_A_C_S_Peacock_and_Sara_Nur_Yildiz%7Cمسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212013047/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285750373_The_Seljuks_of_Anatolia_Court_and_Society_in_the_Medieval_Middle_East_Edited_by_A_C_S_Peacock_and_Sara_Nur_Yildiz%7Cتاريخ أرشيف=12 ديسمبر 2020}</ref>. Wuxuu abaabulay safar uu ku tagay [[Imbiraadooriyada daraabazoon,|Boqortooyada daraabazoon,]] taas oo jaray waddooyinka ganacsiga ee [[Badda Madow]], oo wadadan u furay dawlada mar kale. wuxuu awooday qabsashada [[Andaaliya]] 1206 <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن بيبي|ابن بيبي، ناصر الدين حُسين بن مُحمَّد بن علي الجعفري الرغدي]]|مؤلف2=تعريب محُمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم|إصدار=الثانية|صفحة=39 - 41|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, oo ah deked ganacsi oo muhiim ah. [[Kiikhisroof koowaad|Gayaasudiin Kiikhisroof]] wuxuu xoojiyay maamulkii dhexe, Wuxuu ka dhigay amiirradii loo dhiibay inay maamulaan gobollada, inay noqdaan guddoomiyeyaal ku xiran dowladda dhexe. [[Kiikhisroof koowaad|Gayaasudiin Kiikhisroof]] I wuxuu ku dhintay dagaal boqortooyada niiqiya uu la galay 1211 <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|عنوان=The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204-1228)|الأول=Filip|الأخير=Van Tricht|ناشر=Brill|سنة=2011|صفحة=375|ISBN=9789004203235|مسار=https://www.academia.edu/8344925/The_Latin_Renovatio_of_Byzantium_The_Empire_of_Constantinople_1204_1228_|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125023148/https://www.academia.edu/8344925/The_Latin_Renovatio_of_Byzantium_The_Empire_of_Constantinople_1204_1228_|تاريخ أرشيف=25 يناير 2021</ref> Waxaana xilka ku murmay Saddexda wiil ee Sultan [[Kiikhisroof koowaad|Kiikhisroof]] ([[Calaaudiin keyqubaad|calaaudiin Keyqubaad]], [[Kiikaawuus koowaad|cizudiin Kiikaawuus]], iyo Keyfaridun), wiilkiisa ugu weyn cizudiin Kiikaawuus ayaa koray carshiga. [[Kiikaawuus koowaad|Cizudiin Kiikaawuus]] ayaa ka adkaaday walaalihiis ee xilka isku heesteen<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأخير=Cahen|الأول=Claude|وصلة مؤلف=Claude Cahen|عنوان=Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c. 1071-1330|ناشر=Taplinger|سنة=1968|مكان=New York|مسار=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00871|الرقم{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} المعياري=159740456X|صفحات=120–121|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213185111/https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/w95050571%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=2019-12-13</ref>, ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa, wuxuu siiyay dhammaan dareenkiisa dib u soo nooleenta ganacsiga [[Anatooliya|Anaadool]] Isaga oo heshiis la galay [[Boqortooyada Qubrus]], wuxuu xoreeyay ganacsiga labada dal. Wuxuu [[Siinuub]] ka soo qabsaday [[imbiraadooriyada daraabazoon]] si uu u furo waddada ganacsiga woqooyiga. Ka dib, waxa uu u dhaqaaqay madaxii Armeeniya, kaas oo xannibay wadadii ganacsiga koonfurta, wuuna ka adkaaday Armanka <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن بيبي|ابن بيبي، ناصر الدين حُسين بن مُحمَّد بن علي الجعفري الرغدي]]|مؤلف2=تعريب محُمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم|طبعة=الثانية|صفحة=79 - 80|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, waxoo furay waddada ganacsiga ee [[shaam]]. Sidaa darteed [[Anatooliya|Anaadool]] waxay noqotay xarunta safarrada ganacsiga. Markii [[Kiikaawuus koowaad|Kiikaawuus]] dhintay 1220, waxaa carshiga yimid walaalkiis [[Calaaudiin keyqubaad|calaaudiin Keyqubaad]] Mid ka mid ah hogaamiya yaasha ugu caansan ee salaajiqada anaadool, [[Calaaudiin keyqubaad|calaaudiin Keyqbaad]] ayaa qabsaday Kalonoros (maanta Alaniya)<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن بيبي|ابن بيبي، ناصر الدين حُسين بن مُحمَّد بن علي الجعفري الرغدي]]|مؤلف2=تعريب محُمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم|طبعة=الثانية|صفحة=125 - 126|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref> oo ah deked muhiim ah oo ku taal xeebta [[bada dhexe]] Waxa uu magaaladan ka dhisay barxad markab, kaas oo markii dambe loo bixiyay magaca Alaniya, waxa uuna dib u dhisay qasrigii magaalada. Waxa uu ku daray dhammaan xeebta iija ilaa [[Antalya|Andaaliya]] ka dib markii ay ganacsatadu weerar ku qaadeen Armenian oo berriga ah iyo budhcad-badeed reer Yurub ah oo badda ku sugnaa. sanadii 1222 burcad badeeb qabiilka qafjaaq iyo ruush ah ayaa soo weeraray xeebaha dawlada, suldaanka asoo ka jawaabaya ciidan xoogan ayuu u diray jasiirad u ekaha qiram waxayna gaareen guulo waaween <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن بيبي|ابن بيبي، ناصر الدين حُسين بن مُحمَّد بن علي الجعفري الرغدي]]|مؤلف2=تعريب محُمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم|طبعة=الثانية|صفحة=155 - 169|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225136/https://ia902507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021</ref>, caaludiin wuxuu kusoo daray dawlada dhulka imaarada [[mankuujiyiinta]] iyo [[araqiintnta]] laanta harboot Si looga hortago duulaamada [[tataarka]] wuxuu isku dayay xiriir inuu la sameeyo [[jlaalu-diin khawaarzim shaah]], laakin ma dhicin oo waxaa ka dhex qarxay dagaal 1230, waxaana lagu jabiyay khawaarzimiyiinta <ref>Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: ''Türkiye tarihi Cilt I'', AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 118</ref>, [[Dawlada ayuubiyiinta|ayuubiyiinta]] inkastoo ay garab ku siiyeen dawlada la dagaalanka khawaarzimiyiinta hadana xiriirkoodu ma fiicneen oo waxaa laba dhinac dhex maray dagaalo. [[Calaaudiin keyqubaad|calaaudiin]] wuxuu ahaa inuu u diyaar garoobayo [[tataarka]] waxa oo dhisay dhufeesyo badan hase ahaatee geerida ayaa ku timid 1237, waxaana xilka uga dambeeyay wiilkiis [[kiikhisroof labaad]] === Duulaamada tataarka iyo jabka salaajiqada === calaaudiin dhimashadiisa ka dib dawlada waxay gashay marxalad daciifnimo ah [[Kiikhisroof labaad|kiikhisroof]] wuxuu ahaa qof daciif ah hadana daalim ah <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1= القرماني، أحمد بن يُوسُف|عنوان= أخبار الدُول وآثار الأُول في التاريخ|صفحة= 294|سنة= <nowiki>[[1282هـ]]</nowiki>|ناشر= مطبعة الميرزا عبَّاس التبريزي|مكان= <nowiki>[[بغداد]]</nowiki>|مسار= <nowiki>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikisource/ar/f/fa/أخبار_الدول.pdf|مسار</nowiki> أرشيف= <nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20201110005455/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikisource/ar/f/fa/أخبار_الدول.pdf</nowiki> <nowiki>|تاريخ أرشيف=2020-11-10</nowiki></ref>wasiirada ayaa maamulka dawlada gacanta ku haayeen waxaa billaawday kacdoon uu soo abaabulay wadaad la oran jiray baaba isxaaq, kaas oo ahaay shiici qalifsan <ref group="">[[:tr:Tahir Harimî Balcıoğlu|Balcıoğlu, Tahir Harimî]], <nowiki>''Türk Tarihinde Mezhep Cereyanları - The course of [[مذاهب إسلامية عقائدية|madh'hab]] events in [[ترك|Turkish]] [[تاريخ]], ''</nowiki> (Preface and notes by Hilmi Ziya Ülken), 271 pages, Ahmet Sait Press, Kanaat Publications, Istanbul, 1940. {{أيقونة تركية}}</ref>, kacdoon wadayaasha waxay qaribeen magaalooyinka dad badana wey dileen mudo dheer kadib dawladu waxay ku guuleesatay inee soo afjarto kacdoonka tataarka ayaa wuxuu ahaa inuu kusoo dhawaanayo dhulka dawlada, talyahooda baayjuu nooyaan ayaa weeraray araduum 1242 waxayna geesteen xasuuq ba'an<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1= [[شهاب الدين النويري|النُويري، شهاب الدين أحمد بن عبد الوهَّاب بن مُحمَّد]]|عنوان= نهاية الإرب في فنون الأدب|المجلد= الجُزء السابع والعُشرون|طبعة= الأولى|صفحة= 238|سنة= [[1424 هـ|1424هـ]] - [[2004]]م|ناشر= دار الكُتُب العلميَّة|تاريخ الوصول= [[17 فبراير|17 شُباط (فبراير)]] [[2019]]م|مكان= [[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|مسار= https://books.google.com.lb/books?id=R42BDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT225&lpg=PT225&dq=جرماغون&source=bl&ots=ZC6-ozIfIB&sig=ACfU3U0ymZurX0YPnJU48ELyXg1uOY_SEw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzlJOC5MPgAhUIzoUKHZcnBH0Q6AEwBXoECAwQAQ#v=onepage&q=جرماغون&f=false|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20191129140239/https://books.google.com.lb/books?id=R42BDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT225&lpg=PT225&dq=جرماغون&source=bl&ots=ZC6-ozIfIB&sig=ACfU3U0ymZurX0YPnJU48ELyXg1uOY_SEw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzlJOC5MPgAhUIzoUKHZcnBH0Q6AEwBXoECAwQAQ|تاريخ أرشيف=2019-11-29</ref>, suldaan kiikhisroof markuu maqlay aqbaartaan xun wuxuu la baxay ciidan aad u badan meel la dhaho kuusa daag ayuu kula kulmay tataarka dagaal adag kadib [[tataarka]] ayaa guuleestay <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[بدر الدين العيني|العيني، أبو مُحمَّد بدر الدين محمود بن أحمد بن موسى الحنفي]]|مؤلف2=تحقيق: أ. د. مُحمَّد مُحمَّد أمين|عنوان=عقد الجُمان في تاريخ أهل الزمان|صفحة=26 - 27|سنة=[[1407 هـ|1407هـ]] - [[1987]]م|ناشر=[[الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب|الهيئة المصريَّة العامَّة لِلكتاب - مركز تحقيق التُراث]]|تاريخ الوصول=[[17 فبراير|17 شُباط (فبراير)]] [[2019]]م|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-380#page-26|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521174516/http://shamela.ws:80/browse.php/book-380|تاريخ أرشيف=2019-05-21</ref>,[[tataarka]] ayaa bilaabay kadib inuu boobo magaalooyinka dadka uu laayo dumarkana qafaasho <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=مُؤرِّخ مجهول|مؤلف2=تعريب: مُحمَّد سعيد جمال الدين|عنوان=أخبار سلاجقة الروم، مُختصر سَلْجُوقنامه|طبعة=الثانية|صفحة=289 - 292|سنة=[[2007]]|ناشر=المركز القومي للترجمة|تاريخ الوصول=[[17 فبراير|17 شُباط (فبراير)]] [[2019]]م|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia802507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031094506/https://ia802507.us.archive.org/10/items/akslroakslro/akslro.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=31 أكتوبر </ref>, dagaalkan waxaa ka dashay inee dawladu naqato mid raacsan [[tataarka]] waxeyna ogolaatay inee bixiso canshuur<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[ابن تغري|ابن تغري بردي، أبو المحاسن جمال الدين يُوسُف الأتابكي اليشبقاوي الظاهري]]|عنوان=النُجُوم الزاهرة في مُلُوك مصر والقاهرة|المجلد=الجُزء السادس|صفحة=347|سنة=[[1383 هـ|1383هـ]] - [[1963]]م|ناشر=[[وزارة الثقافة (مصر)|وزارة الثقافة]]|تاريخ الوصول=[[17 فبراير|17 شُباط (فبراير)]] [[2019]]م|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]|مسار=https://ia800200.us.archive.org/24/items/FP159836/06_159838-2.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110134009/https://ia800200.us.archive.org/24/items/FP159836/06_159838-2.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=10 يناير 2020</ref>, === Dhamaadka dawlada === [[Kiikhisroof labaad|kiikhisroof]] wuxuu dhintay 1246<ref name="خواند">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[خواند مير|خواندمير، غيَّاث الدين مُحمَّد بن محمود بن مُحمَّد البلخي الشيرازي الهروي]]|عنوان=تاريخ حبيب السير في أخبار أفراد البشر|المجلد=الجُزء الثاني|صفحة=540|ناشر=انتشارات خيَّام|لغة=fa|مسار=https://archive.org/details/mohamed_rahman2007_hotmail_20180311_1117/page/n1039/mode/2up</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[منهاج السراج الجوزجاني|الجوزجاني، أبو عُمر منهاجُ الدين عُثمان بن إبراهیم]]|عنوان=طبقات ناصرى|صفحة=331|سنة=[[تقويم هجري شمسي|1363هـ. ش]]|ناشر=دنياى كتاب|المجلد=الجُزء الثاني|مكان=[[طهران|تهران]] - [[إيران|ايران]]|لغة=fa|مسار=http://ar.lib.eshia.ir/10516/2/331|مسارالأرشيف=https://archive.vn/1OpEw|تاريخ أرشيف=[[30 يناير|30 كانون الثاني (يناير)]] [[2021]]|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130021756/http://ar.lib.eshia.ir/10516/2/331</ref>, mdaxdii ka dambeeyay waxay ahaayeen kuwo tataarka uu keensaday wax awood ahna ma laheen inta badan labo ama sedex ayee xilka ku wadaageen kadib cadaadiska u [[tataarka]] u haayo dawlada ayaa isi soo taraatyay, canshuur aad u badan ayee soo rogeen dadka ayaa galay xaalad adag oo usii dheer tahay dulmiga tataarka weerarada biriizanda ee sii kordhaaya dilka siyaasiinta, masiibooyin dabiici ah cuduro faafa ayaa gabi ahaanba ruxay dawlada, suldaankii ugu dambeeyay dawlada [[mascuud labaad]] markuu dhintay 1307 waxay u qeybsantay dawlada toban imaaradood oo loo yaqaanay [[imaaradaha anaadool]], waxayna kala ahaayeen [[imaarada qaramaan]], tika, banuu xumeyd, [[Imaarada karmiyaan|karmiyaan]], munashtaa, banuu barawaana, [[Dawlada Cosmaniya|cusmaaniyiinta]], [[Imaarada saaruuqaan|saaruuqaan]], banuuaydiin iyo [[Imaarada qaraasii|qaraasii]], cusmaaniyiinta ayaa mar dambe awoodeen inay aasaasaan dawlad awood badan oo kulmisa imaaradaha oo dhan<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=335 - 337|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo ilbaxnimada == === Dhaqanka === Inkastoo ey ahaayeen trki waxaa aad ugu faafsanaa dhaqanka faarisiga, qoyska boqortooyada ayaa muddo yar gudaheed kaga tagay magacyadoodii hore ee Turkiga waxayna door bideen in ay wiilashooda u bixiyaan magacyada halyeeyada Iran ee taariikhiga ah ama taliyayaasha sida Kiikaawuus, Keyqubaad, Kiikhisroof <ref name=":1" />. Xagga Turkida, waxa jira muuqaal weli xambaarsan hab-nololeedka Aasiyada Dhexe, dhaqameed iyo caqiido, oo aan awoodin in uu dhexgalo dhaqanka iyo caqiidada Islaamka. Halka kuwa degey tuulooyinka ama magaalooyinka ay ku hoos jireen saameynta dhaqamada Iran iyo Islaamka, kooxaha weli haysta dhaqaalihii nolol-guuraaga ee reer-guuraaga ahaa waxay door bideen meelaha fog, roobabka ama "dhamaadka" degsiimooyinka. === Dhismooyinka === [[File:Konya Alaeddin Mosque from northeast 4170.jpg|thumb|masjidka calaaudiin waxaa lagu aasay badanaa boqorada [[salaajiqada ruum]]]] salaajiqada waxey aad u daneeyeen dhismaha, waxey dhiseen masaajido waaween, qabuuro, madarasooyin qsriyaal isbitaalo, buundooyin, musqul qubeyseed, meelo socotada lagu Marti qaado oo loo yaqaan "khaan" === aqoonta iyo suugaanta === waxey gaartay aqoonta meel fiican waxaa la dhisay madarasooyin waaween o lagu barto culuumta sharciga islaamka gaar ahaan madhabka [[Xanafiya|xanafiga]], sidoo kale waxaa jiray goobo lagu barto quraanka iyo meelo lagu barto [[Xadiis|xadiiska]] oo loo yaqaan daaru xadiis, madarasooyin lagu barto caafimaadka ayaa la dhisay dhamaan madarasooyinka waxaa ku dhagnaa masjid lagu tukado <ref name=":0" />. culumo badan ayaa soo baxay kuwaas oo heer sare ka joogay aqoonta qaarna safar ayee ku imaadeen dawlada waxaana ka mid ahaa [[ibnu carabi]], [[shihaabudiin sahrawurdi]], [[yoonis imra]], [[jalaaludiin ruumi]] iyo [[sadrudiin quunawi]] ==salaadiinta dawlada== <table cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="2" width="70%" align="center" border="1" id="table2"> <tr> <th style="background: #ebc844" ></th> <th style="background: #ebc844" >suldaanka </th> <th style="background: #ebc844" width="8%">nolosha </th> <th style="background: #ebc844" width="8%">talada </th> </tr> <tr> <td width="5%"><font size="-1">1</font> </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Suleyman bin qutulmush]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1086 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1077-1086</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%"><font size="-1">2</font> </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Abul qaasim</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1092 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1086-1092</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%"><font size="-1">3</font> </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Qilij arsalaan koowaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1079-1107 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1092-1107</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%"><font size="-1">4</font> </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Malik shaah</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1116 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1107-1116</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">5 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Ruknudiin mascuud|Ruknudiin mascuud koowaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1095-1156 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1116-1156</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">6 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Qilij arsalaan labaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1155-1092 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1156-1192</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">7 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Gayaasudiin [[kiikhisroof koowaad]]</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1211 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1192-1196</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">8 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Suleymaan labaad </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1204 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1196-1204</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">9 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%"> Qilij arsalaan sedexaad </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1205 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1204-1205</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">10 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Gayaasudiin [[kiikhisroof koowaad]] (mar kale )</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1211 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1205-1211</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">11 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Cizudiin [[kiikaawuus koowaad]]</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1220 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1211-1220</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">12 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Calaaudiin keyqubaad]] koowaad</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1190-1237 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1220-1237</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">13 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Gayaasudiin [[kiikhisroof labaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1246 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1237-1246</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">14 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">Cizudiin [[kiikaawuus labaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1279 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1246-1260</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">15 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Qilij arsalaan afaraad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1265 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1248-1265</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">16 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Calaaudiin keyqubaad labaad]] 1249–1257</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1238-1256 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1249-1257</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">17 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Kiikhisroof sedexaad]] 1265–1284</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1259-1284 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1265-1284</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">18 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Mascuud labaad]] 1284–1297</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1307 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1284-1297</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">19 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Calaaudiin sedexaad]] </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1303 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1297-1303</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="3%">20 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="32%">[[Mascuud labaad]] (mar labaad)</td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">....-1307 </td> <td vAlign="top" width="8%">1303-1307</td> </tr> </table> == Xigasho == <references /> <references /> mnbqz52xx4xit7cyf8gfzmife9zyit6 0 36515 310035 309935 2026-10-05T09:21:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310035 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruknudiin mascuud''' ama '''mascuud koowaad''' wuxuu ahaa suldaankii [[salaajiqada ruum]] laga bilaabo 1116 ilaa dhimashadiisa 1156{{Infobox royalty|type=Suldaan|name=Mascuud koowaad|more=|image=Alaedin Camii.JPG|caption=Masjidka Aladdin Kiqbad ee Konya waxa la dhisay xiligii uu xukunka hayay Mascuud|succession=Suldaanka salaajiqada ruum|reign=1116-1156|coronation=|predecessor=[[Malik shaah bin qilij arsalaan]]|successor=[[Qilij arsalaan koowaad]]|full name=Ruknudiin mascuud bin qilij arsalaan bin suleymaan|house=[[Salaajiqada]]|spouse=|father=[[Qilij arsalaan koowaad]]|mother=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=1156|death_place=|place of burial=|religion=}} == ku loolamida xilka == [[Qilij arsalaan koowaad|Qilij arsalaan]] markoo ku dhintay dagaalkii mowsil sanadkii 1107 dawlada way kala qebsantay, wiilkiis curudka Malik shaah wuxuu ku jiray xabasi, xaaskiis ayaa qabsatay [[maltaay]] wiil yar oo dogrol la dhaho ee dhashay ayaa suldaan laga dhigay, labada wiil kale [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] iyo carab; mascuud wuxuu ku ag noolaa sodogiis [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] amiirka [[daanishmandiyiinta]], carabna [[Konya|quunya]] ayuu joogay<ref><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=</nowiki>[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=112|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf%7Cمسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf%7Cتاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>, Malik shaah ayaa dib u soo laabtay 1109kii waxaana u suura gashay inuu [[Konya|quunya]] galo oona noqdo suldaan, waxa uuna xabsiga dhigay labadiis walaal carab iyo [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]], dagaalo qaraar ayuuna la galay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] oo ahayd inee ku soo fiday dhulka dawlada, labadiisa walaal ayaa xabsiga ka baxsadeen [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] oo taageero ka helaayo sodogiis [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ayaana ku guuleestay inuu dilo walaalkiis Malik shaah 1116 <ref group=""><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأول=John W.|الأخير=Birkenmeier|عنوان=The Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180|ناشر=Brill|سنة=2002|isbn=90-04-11710-5|مسار=</nowiki>https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=p8OOoGWRC2EC&q=Malik+Shah#v=snippet&q=Malik%20Shah&f=false%7Cصفحات=79 - 80|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108113913/https://books.google.com.lb/books?redir_esc=y&id=p8OOoGWRC2EC&q=Malik+Shah%7Cتاريخ أرشيف=8 يناير 2021</ref> == Qalbashada xilka == markale ayee dawlada kala qeybsantay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] wuxuu qabsaday caasimada iyo meelo kaloo yar, walaalkiis carab wuxuu qabsaday [[ankara]] iyo [[qasdamuuni]], walaalkiis kale dogrol oo masuul ka ahaayen hooyadiis iyo ninkeeda blak artaqi wuxuu heestay [[maltaay]] <ref name="Cambridge"><nowiki>{{استشهاد بموسوعة|الأخير=Turan|الأول=Osman|محرر1=P.M. Holt|محرر2=Ann K. S. Lambton|محرر3=Bernard Lewis|اسم الموسوعة=The Cambridge History of Islam|عنوان=Anatolia in The Period of The Seljuks and The Beyliks|مسار=</nowiki>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%3D |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-date=2017-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413030738/https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%3D |url-status=dead}}.org/web/20170413030738/http://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-–-1a.pdf%7Cتاريخ أرشيف=2017-04-13</ref>, waxaana walaalaha ka dhex bilaawday colaad daran, [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] markii hore wuxuu diirada saaray la dagaalanka [[Imbraadooriyaada biriizanda|biriizanda]] waxa uuna ku guuleestay inuu ka soo ceshado dhul badan <ref name="تنازع"><nowiki>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=</nowiki>[[محمد سهيل طقوش|طقُّوش، مُحمَّد سُهيل]]|عنوان=تاريخ سلاجقة الروم في آسيا الصُغرى 470 - 704هـ / 1077 - 1304م|طبعة=الأولى|صفحة=120 - 122|سنة=[[1423هـ]] - [[2002]]م|ناشر=دار النفائس|مكان=[[بيروت]] - [[لبنان|لُبنان]]|isbn=9953180474|مسار=https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf%7Cمسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314110714/https://ia801605.us.archive.org/0/items/abualialkurdy_gmail_20170404_0614/تاريخ%20سلاجقة%20الروم%20في%20آسيا%20الصغرى.pdf%7Cتاريخ أرشيف=14 مارس 2022</ref>, sanadkii 1114 [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ayaa fursad ku helay maltaay waa uuna qabsaday asigoo garab ka helaayo [[Rukundiin mascuud|mascuud]], waxa uuna diiday lahaanshaha salaajiqada ee magaalada, carab ayaa aad uga carooday arintaas wuxuuna ku eedeeyay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] inuu qiyaanay dawlada oona ilaalin karin dhulkeeda, 1116 weerar xoogan ayuu ku qaaday caasimada [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] ayaa ka gurmad dalbay [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]], carabna amiirka arman ayuu garab ka dalbay, dagaalo adag ayaa dhex maray kuwaas oo ku soo dhamaaday inuu guuleestay [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]], inkastoo [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] uu kaligiis soo haray hadana wuxuu ku sii hoos noolaa [[gaazi bin guumushtakiin]] ilaa uu ka dhintay 1135. == Ka hortagida weerarka labaad ee saliibiyiinta == imaarada ruhaa oo ka mid ahayd imaaradaha kirishmiska ayaa waxaa qabsaday [[zankiyiinta]] waxaana ka dhashay weerar saliibi oo cusub weerarkan waxaa hogaaminaayay boqorka faransiiska [[luwiis todobaad]] iyo boqorka jarmalka [[konraad sedexaad]], [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] ayaa ka hortagay waxa uuna u geestay baaba' xun ciidanka jarmalka, boqorkooda wuu dhaawacmay xitaa, faransiiska ayagana khasaaro xoogan buu gaarsiiyay inkastoo ku guuleesteen inee u gudbaan [[shaam]], [[Ruknudiin mascuud|mascuud]] waxa oo isbahaysi la sameeyay [[nuurudiin zanki]] haraadiga imaarada ruhaa ayeena ku qaadeen weeraro aa kala joogsi laheen ugu dambeyn way la wareegeen weyna kala qeybsadeen == Dhimashadiisa == [[Ruknudiin mascuud|Mascuud]] wuxuu u baxay la dagaalanka amiirka armiiniya [[tuuruus labaad]] markuu ka soo laabtay wuu dhintay 1156 xilkana waxaa qabtay [[qilij arsalaan labaad]]. ==Xigasho== bhqpwy4z5hnxxewope53hg9hy23byjt 0 36875 310026 309677 2026-10-05T05:54:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Jaamacadda Mareykanka | image = American University logo.svg | established = {{start date and age|1893|02|24}} | motto = {{lang|la|[[Pro aris et focis|Pro deo et patria]]}} ([[Latin|Laatiini]]) | motto_eng = "Ilaah iyo Waddanka" | type = [[Private university|Gaar loo leeyahay]] [[University charter#Federal|federaal ahaan loo aqoonsaday]] [[research university|jaamacad cilmi-baaris]] | founders = [[John Fletcher Hurst]] | accreditation = [[Middle States Commission on Higher Education|MSCHE]] | religious_affiliation = [[United Methodist Church|Kaniisadda Methodist-ka Midowday]] | president = [[David Marchick]] (K MG) | provost = [[Vicky M. Wilkins]] | city = [[Washington, D.C.]] | country = Maraykanka | students = 13,019 (Dayrtii 2023)<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.american.edu/trustees/upload/american-university-presidential-search-prospectus_october-2023.pdf|title=American University Presidential Search Prospectus | publisher=American University | date=October 30, 2023 | access-date=October 30, 2023}}</ref> | undergrad = 7,571 (Dayrtii 2023) | postgrad = 3,613 (Dayrtii 2023) | other_students = 1,835 (Dayrtii 2023) | campus = Magaalo weyn,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=American&s=all&pg=5&id=131159|title=College Navigator – American University|website=nces.ed.gov}}</ref> {{convert|90|acre|ha}} | mascot = Clawed Z. Eagle (Gorgorka) | sporting_affiliations = {{hlist| [[NCAA Division I]] – [[Patriot League]]|[[Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association|EIWA]]}} | sports_nickname = [[American Eagles|Gorgorrada]] | colors = {{color box|#ED193A}} Casaan<br />{{color box|#004FA2}} Buluug<br />{{color box|white}} Caddaan | endowment = $1.12 bilyan (2025)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/nacubo1-nacubo-prd-dc8b/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2025-NCSE-Endowment-Market-Values-for-US-and-Canadian-Institutions-FINAL.xlsx |title=U.S. and Canadian 2025 NCSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2025 Endowment Market Value |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) |access-date=February 14, 2026 |format=XLSX}}</ref> | academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities|CUMU]]|[[Consortium of Universities of the Washington Metropolitan Area|CUWMA]]|[[Consortium for North American Higher Education Collaboration|CONAHEC]]|[[International Association of Methodist-related Schools, Colleges, and Universities|IAMSCU]]|[[National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities|NAICU]]|[[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space grant]]|[[Consortium for Undergraduate International Business Education|CUIBE]]}} | coordinates = {{coord|38.9371|-77.0869|region:US_type:edu|display=inline,title}} | website = {{official url}} | logo = | logo_upright = .9 | free_label = Wargeyska | free = ''The Eagle'' }} [[File:AU Flag.jpg|thumb|Calanka Jaamacadda Mareykanka]] '''Jaamacadda Mareykanka''' (ingiriisi: '''American University''', oo loo soo gaabiyo '''AU''' ama '''American''') waa [[Private university|jaamacad gaar loo leeyahay]] oo ku taal magaalada [[Washington, D.C.]], ee dalka Maraykanka. Xarunteeda weyn waxay ku fidsan tahay 90 acres (36 ha) oo ku taal [[Ward Circle]], oo ka tirsan xaafadaha [[Spring Valley (Washington, D.C.)|Spring Valley]] iyo [[Tenleytown]] ee [[Northwest (Washington, D.C.)|Northwest D.C.]]. Jaamacadda waxaa lagu aasaasay sharci ka soo baxay [[Act of Congress|Golaha Guurtida Maraykanka]] sanadkii 1893, iyada oo uu soo jeediyay bishop-kii Methodist-ka ahaa ee [[John Fletcher Hurst]], kaas oo doonayay in uu abuuro hay'ad dhiirrigelisa [[public service|adeegga bulshada]], [[Internationalism (politics)|caalamiyeynta]], iyo [[pragmatic idealism|aragti-wanaagga dhabta ah]].<ref name=ActofIncorporation>{{cite web |url=http://www.american.edu/trustees/Charter.cfm|title= American University Act of Incorporation|date=December 5, 1892|work=US Congress|access-date=April 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{USStatute|52|160|27|476|1893|02|24|HR|10304}}</ref> Jaamacadda waxaa aasaasay [[General Conference (Methodism)|Shirka Guud]] ee [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] oo ahayd hay'ad qaran oo Methodist ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AU's United Methodist Affiliation |url=https://www.american.edu/student-affairs/kay/united-methodist-affiliation.cfm |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=American University |language=en}}</ref> Waxay weli xiriir la leedahay [[United Methodist Church|Kaniisadda Methodist-ka Midowday]], hase yeeshee, xiriirka diimeed ma aha shuruud loo baahan yahay in lagu soo galo jaamacadda, shaqo looga helayo, mana aha shuruud akhris-aqooneed. AU waxay bilowday dhismaheedii 1902, waxayna furantahay iyada oo ah hay'ad waxbarasho oo heer sare ah (qalin-jabisa) 1914, iyada oo aqbashay ardaydii ugu horreysay ee shahaadada koowaad (undergraduate) sanadkii 1925. AU waxay ka kooban tahay siddeed dugsi iyo kulliyadood: [[American University School of International Service|Dugsiga Adeegga Caalamiga ah]]; [[American University College of Arts and Sciences|Kulliyadda Fanka iyo Sayniska]]; Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee Kogod; [[American University School of Communication|Dugsiga Isgaarsiinta]]; Dugsiga Daraasaadka Xirfadda iyo Baahsan; [[American University School of Public Affairs|Dugsiga Arrimaha Dadweynaha]]; [[American University School of Education|Dugsiga Waxbarashada ee Linda A. and H. Kent Baker]]; iyo [[Washington College of Law]] (WCL). Jaamacaddu waxay bixisaa in ka badan 160 barnaamijyo waxbarasho, oo ay ku jiraan 71 shahaadada koowaad ah, 87 shahaadada mastarka ah, iyo 10 shahaadada dhakhtarnimada (PhD), iyo waliba barnaamijyada [[Juris Doctor Degree|JD]], [[Master of Law|LLM]], iyo [[Doctor of Juridical Science|SJD]]. Jaamacaddu waxay ka mid tahay [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions|jaamacadaha heerka R1]] ee leh dhaqdhaqaaq cilmi-baaris oo sarreeya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American University |url=https://carnegieclassifications.acenet.edu/institution/american-university/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education |language=en-US}}</ref> Iyada oo ay ardaydu ka badan yihiin 13,000 kana kala socda dhammaan 50-ka gobol ee Maraykanka iyo 141 waddan, ku dhawaad ​​shan meelood meel ardayda ayaa ah kuwo caalami ah. Ardayda ciyaaraha ee jaamacaddu waxay kula tartamaan kooxaha heerka jaamacadeed sida [[American Eagles]] ee [[NCAA Division I]] iyagoo xubin ka ah [[Patriot League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patriot League |url=https://patriotleague.org/ |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Patriot League |language=en}}</ref> AU waxay hoy u tahay Maktabadda Jack I. iyo Dorothy G. Bender, taas oo haysa in ka badan hal milyan oo buug waana qayb ka mid ah [[Washington Research Library Consortium]], oo ay weheliso Maktabadda Sharci ee Pence ee WCL.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American University {{!}} Washington Research Library Consortium |url=https://www.wrlc.org/au |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=www.wrlc.org}}</ref> Jaamacadda Mareykanka waa mid ka mid ah saddexda dugsi ee ugu sarreeya ee ardaydoodu toos uga shaqo galaan [[United States Department of State|Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Maraykanka]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toosi |first=Nahal |date=June 14, 2020 |title=Ivy League grads have a leg up in State Department promotions, stats show |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/14/ivy-league-grads-state-department-promotions-316531 |access-date=November 27, 2023 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> {{TOC limit|4}} == Taariikhda == === Aasaaskii === [[File:American University Glover Gate.jpg|thumb|Albaabka hore ee Jaamacadda Mareykanka]] [[File:American University in 1916.jpg|thumb|Jaamacadda Mareykanka sanadkii 1916]] Jaamacadda Mareykanka waxaa lagu aasaasay Degmada Columbia (District of Columbia) iyada oo ay sababtay sharci ka soo baxay [[Act of Congress|Golaha Guurtida]] Disembar 5, 1892, taas oo inta badan ka dhalatay dadaalkii uu bixiyay bishop-kii Methodist-ka ahaa ee [[John Fletcher Hurst]], kaas oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in uu abuuro hay'ad tababari karta shaqaalaha dowladda mustaqbalka. Hurst ayaa sidoo kale doortay goobta jaamacadda, taas oo ku tiilay hareeraha miyiga ah ee [[Washington, D.C.]]. Ka dib in ka badan saddex sano iyo bar oo loo huray inta badan helitaanka taageero dhaqaale, jaamacadda waxaa si rasmi ah loo daahfuray May 15, 1914. Waxbarashadu waxay bilaabatay Oktoobar 1914 iyada oo ay diiwaan gashanaayeen 28 arday, kuwaas oo 19 ka mid ahi ay ahaayeen qalin-jabis, inta kalena ay ahaayeen arday gaar ah oo aan u sharaxnayn shahaado. === Qarnigii 20-aad === Qalin-jabintii ugu horreysay ee Jaamacadda Mareykanka waxay dhacday Juun 2, 1915. [[File:AU McKineyHall ACC.jpeg|thumb|Goobta ay ka dhalatay Ciidanka Kimikada Ee Ciidanka (Army Chemical Corps)]] Intii lagu guda jiray [[Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]], jaamacaddu waxay u oggolaatay [[U.S. military|ciidanka Maraykanka]] inay adeegsadaan dhulka jaamacadda si ay tijaabooyin uga sameeyaan. Sanadkii 1917, ciidanka Maraykanka waxay u qaybiyeen Jaamacadda Mareykanka laba qaybood: [[Camp Leach]] iyo [[Camp American University]]. Camp Leach wuxuu ahaa hoy ay ka socdaan cilmi-baaris horumarsan, horumarin, iyo tijaabinta farsamooyinka daboolida casriga ah (camouflage). Camp American University waxay ahayd saldhig tijaabo ah oo noqday halkii ay ka dhalatay barnaamijka hubka kiimikada ee Maraykanka iyo goobta tijaabada hubka kiimikada.<ref name="Gordon">{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Martin K. |url=https://www.nab.usace.army.mil/Portals/63/docs/SpringValley/AUES_Report_June_1994.pdf |title=Final Report: A Brief History of the American University Experiment Station and U. S. Navy Bomb Disposal School, America University |last2=Sude |first2=Barry R. |last3=Overbeck |first3=Ruth Ann |last4=Hendricks |first4=Charles |date=1994 |publisher=U. S. Army Corps of Engineers |access-date=13 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Gross">{{cite journal|last1=Gross|first1=Daniel A.|title=Chemical Warfare: From the European Battlefield to the American Laboratory|journal=Distillations|date=Spring 2015|volume=1|issue=1|pages=16–23|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/chemical-warfare-from-the-european-battlefield-to-the-american-laboratory|access-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref> Dadaal weyn oo nadiifin ah ayaa bilaabmay 1990-meeyadii si looga saaro hadhaagii hubka kiimikada, gaar ahaan ururinta in ka badan 200 oo qolof oo gaaska mustard ah oo lagu aasay dhulka hoostiisa kampaska.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-23 |title=American University Once Had A Chemical Warfare Center |url=https://architectofthecapital.org/posts/2016/11/18/american-university-chemical-weapons |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Architect of the Capital |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207111846/https://architectofthecapital.org/posts/2016/11/18/american-university-chemical-weapons |url-status=dead}}</ref> Agab dheeraad ah ayaa la helay Juun 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Restoration plans persist in cleanup of former World War I chemical weapons manufacturing site - The Eagle |url=https://www.theeagleonline.com/article/2024/12/restoration-plans-persist-in-cleanup-of-former-world-war-i-chemical-weapons-manufacturing-site |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.theeagleonline.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Spring Valley Monthly Update February 2025 |url=https://www.nab.usace.army.mil/Home/Spring-Valley/Monthly-Update/ |access-date=May 18, 2025 |website=US Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District}}</ref> Waxbarashada waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu bixiyay heerka qalin-jabinta keliya, iyadoo waafaqsan aragtida aasaasayaasha jaamacadda. Arrinkani wuu is beddelay 1925 markii la aasaasay Kulliyada Fanka Xorta ah (oo hadhow loo bixiyay [[American University College of Arts and Sciences|Kulliyada Fanka iyo Sayniska]]), taas oo bixisay shahaadooyinka iyo barnaamijyada jaamacadeed ee heerka koowaad. Wixii hadda ah [[American University School of Public Affairs|Dugsiga Arrimaha Dadweynaha]] waxaa la aasaasay 1934,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spa.american.edu/pages.php?ID=12 |title=The School of Public Affairs at American University |publisher=Spa.american.edu |access-date=July 23, 2012}}</ref> qayb ahaan si loo baro shaqaalaha dowladda ee mustaqbalka dhinaca [[public administration|maamulka dadweynaha]]. Xiriirka AU ee dowladda Maraykanka wuxuu sii socday intii lagu guda jiray [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], xilligaas oo kampasku uu martigeliyay Iskuulka Bambaanooyinka Burburiya ee Ciidanka Badda ee Maraykanka iyo xerada ciidanka dumarka ee [[United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve)|WAVE]]. Kaalinta AU ee dadaalladaas dagaalka awgeed, markabkii guusha ee [[Victory ship|SS ''American Victory'']] loogu magac daray sharafteeda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission & History |url=https://www.americanvictory.org/about/mission-and-history/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=American Victory Ship |language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:President Kennedy American University Commencement Address June 10, 1963.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne [[John F. Kennedy]] wuxuu jeedinayaa [[wikisource:A Strategy of Peace|hutbiga qalin-jabinta ee Jaamacadda Mareykanka]], Juun 10, 1963]] Xilligii ka dambeeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa la arkay koror weyn iyo dib-u-habeyn lagu sameeyay AU. 1949, jaamacaddu waxay midoobday [[Washington College of Law]], taas oo la aasaasay 1896. Wax yar ka dib, saddex waaxood ayaa loo habeeyay sidii dugsiyo: Dugsiga Maamulka Ganacsiga 1955 (oo hadhow loo bixiyay Kulliyada Maamulka Ganacsiga ee Robert P. iyo Arlene R. Kogod 1999na loo bixiyay Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee Kogod); Dugsiga Dowladda iyo Maamulka Dadweynaha 1957; iyo [[School of International Service|Dugsiga Adeegga Caalamiga ah]] 1958.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}} Horraantii 1960-meeyadii, [[United States Department_of_Defense|Wasaaradda Difaaca]] iyo [[Central Intelligence Agency|Wakaaladda Sirdoonka Bartamaha]] waxay maamulayeen xarunta cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta ee federaalka loo maalgeliyo ee [[Project Camelot|Xafiiska Cilmi-baarista Howlaha Gaarka ah (SORO)]] oo ahayd xarun fikradeed (think-tank) oo ku taal Jaamacadda Mareykanka. Lugaha siyaasadeed ee AU waxaa sii xoojiyay khudbaddii qalin-jabinta ee Madaxweyne [[John F. Kennedy]] ee Guga 1963.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/BWC7I4C9QUmLG9J6I8oy8w.aspx |title=Commencement Address at American University, June 10, 1963 |date=June 10, 1963 |website=John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum |access-date=March 12, 2018}}</ref> Khudbadaas, Kennedy wuxuu ugu baaqay Midowga Soofiyeeti inay la shaqeeyaan Maraykanka si loo gaaro heshiis lagu mamnuucayo tijaabada nukliyeerka iyo in la yareeyo xiisadaha caalamiga ah ee xooggan iyo cabsida dagaalka nukliyeerka xilligaas oo uu taagnaa [[Dagaalkii Qaboobaa]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1965 ilaa 1977, Kulliyada Waxbarashada Sii-socota (College of Continuing Education) waxay jirtay iyada oo ah kulliyad bixisa shahaadooyin oo masuul ka ahayd barnaamijyada waxbarashada dadka waaweyn ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba kampaska. Dugsiga Kalkaalinta Caafimaadka ee Lucy Webb Hayes wuxuu bixiyay waxbarashada heerka koowaad ee Kalkaalinta 1965 ilaa 1988. 1972, Dugsiga Dowladda iyo Maamulka Dadweynaha, Dugsiga Adeegga Caalamiga ah, Xarunta Farsamada iyo Maamulka, iyo Xarunta Maamulka Caddaaladda (oo hadhow loo bixiyay Dugsiga Caddaaladda) waxaa lagu daray Kulliyada Arrimaha Dadweynaha iyo Caalamiga ah. Jaamacaddu waxay iibsatay Kampaska Immaculata 1986 si loo xalliyo dhibaatooyinka booska. Kanu wuxuu noqon doonaa Kampaska Tenley.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flanagan |first=Neil |last2= |title=Moving AU law school could revitalize Tenleytown |url=https://ggwash.org/view/5269/moving-au-law-school-could-revitalize-tenleytown |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Greater Greater Washington |language=en}}</ref> 1986, dhismaha Xarunta Isboortiga iyo Kulanka ee Adnan Khashoggi ayaa billowday. Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $5 milyan oo ka yimid islamarkaana loogu magac daray xubnihii gollaha maamulka ee Sacuudiga [[Adnan Khashoggi]], dhismaha waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu cusboonaysiiyo xarumaha ciyaaraha oo la siiyo garoon cusub, iyo sidoo kale meel baabuurta la dhigto iyo xafiisyo adeegyada maamulka ah. Isagoo ku kacay qiyaastii $19 milyan, dhismahani wuxuu ahaa mashruucsprkii ugu weynaa ee dhismaha ilaa xilligaas laakiin wuxuu la kulmay mudaharaad uga yimid macallimiinta iyo ardaydaba oo ka soo horjeeday isticmaalka jaamacadda ee magaca Khashoggi ee dhismaha sababtoo ah qaybtiisii ganacsiga hubka caalamiga ah.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1987/01/11/american-u-donation-stirs-debate/a8487a86-1788-4a79-ab8f-16e02c03df43/ |title=AMERICAN U. DONATION STIRS DEBATE |last=Isikoff |first=Michael |date=January 11, 1987 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |access-date=March 12, 2018}}</ref> 1988, Kulliyada Arrimaha Dadweynaha iyo Caalamiga ah waxaa dib loo habeeyay si loo abuuro laba dugsi oo madaxbannaan: Dugsiga Adeegga Caalamiga ah iyo Dugsiga Arrimaha Dadweynaha, oo ay ku jiraan Dugsiga Dowladda iyo Maamulka Dadweynaha iyo Dugsiga Caddaaladda. Isla sanadkaas, dhismaha Xarunta Isboortiga ee Adnan Khashoggi waa la dhammeeyay halka ay arrinta muranka ka taagnayd ee [[Iran–Contra affair|Iran–Contra]] ay gaartay heerkeedii ugu sarreeyay, in kasta oo magaciisu uu ku haray dhismaha ilaa ka dib markii Khashoggi uu ku guuldareysatay waajibaadkiisii deeqda ahayd dhexdii ilaa dhammaadkii 1990-meeyadii. [[File:Tenleytown aerial 2019.jpg|thumb|Muuqaal xagga sare ah oo ka muuqda kampaska Jaamacadda Mareykanka, iyadoo [[Tenleytown]] ay ku taal gadaal, 2019]] [[File:AmericanUniversity.jpg|thumb|Jaamacadda Mareykanka]]1997, [[American University of Sharjah]], oo ahayd jaamacadda keliya ee iskudhaf ah, ee fanka xorta ah ee ku taal [[United Arab Emirates|Aimaraatka Carabta ee Midoobay]], waxay saxiixday qandaraas laba sano ah oo ay la gashay AU si ay u bixiso maamulka aqooneed. Qandaraaskan tan iyo markaas waa la cusboonaysiiyay dhowr jeer ilaa Agoosto 2009. Koox ka tirsan maamulayaasha sare ee AU ayaa u guuray [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]] si ay uga caawiyaan aasaaska jaamacadda iyo in ay maraan nidaamka aqoonsiga ee [[Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools]]. === Qarnigii 21-aad === Dayrtii 2005, [[Katzen Arts Center|Xarunta Fanka ee Katzen]] iyo [[American University Museum]] ayaa furmay, iyagoo lagu maalgeliyay deeq ka timid [[philanthropists|deeq-bixiyeyaasha]] Washington, D.C. Dr. Cyrus iyo Myrtle Katzen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-15 |title=The Katzen Arts Center: A Legacy |url=https://www.american.edu/cas/news/katzen-arts-center-legacy.cfm |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=American University |language=en}}</ref> Xaruntu waxay sii waddaa inay soo bandhigto ururinta fanka ee reer Katzen waxayna diiradda saartaa iskaashiga kala duwan ee dhinaca fanka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katzen Arts Center |url=https://www.american.edu/cas/katzen/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=American University |language=en}}</ref> [[Benjamin Ladner]] waxaa laga joojiyay xilkiisii madaxweynaha jaamacadda Agoosto 24, 2005, iyadoo la sugayo baaritaan ku saabsan suurtagalnimada in si khaldan loo isticmaalay lacagaha jaamacadda. Macallimiinta jaamacadda ayaa codad kalsooni darro ah u qaaday Madaxweyne Ladner bishii xigtay.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/26/AR2005092601801.html |title=AU Faculty Members Vote No Confidence in Ladner |last1=Kinzie |first1=Susan |last2=Strauss |first2=Valerie |date=September 27, 2005 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |access-date=March 12, 2018}}</ref> Hal bil ka dib codbixinta macallimiinta, gollaha maamulayaashu waxay go'aamiyeen in Ladner uusan dib ugu laaban doonin Jaamacadda Mareykanka ahaan madaxweynaheeda.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/education/president-of-american-university-agrees-to-resign.html |title=President of American University Agrees to Resign |last=Janofsky |first=Michael |date=October 25, 2005 |website=The New York Times |language=en-US |access-date=March 12, 2018}}</ref> Sida uu qabo [[The Chronicle of Higher Education]],<ref>Bogga B10, November 16, 2007</ref> Ladner wuxuu helay magdhow guud oo gaaraya $4,270,665 sannadkiisii ugu dambeeyay ee adeegga, kaas oo ahaa kii labaad ee ugu sarreeyay madaxweyne kasta oo jaamacad ah dalka gudahiisa. [[Cornelius M. Kerwin]], oo ahaa maamule muddo dheer ka tirsanaa AU, ayaa markaas loo magacaabay madaxweyne K MG. Sebtembar 1, 2007, Kerwin waxaa loo magacaabay xilka si rasmi ah u joogto ah ka dib markii laba codsade ay diideen dalab ka yimid gollaha maamulayaasha.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.american.edu/president/new/biography.html |title=President-Elect Cornelius M. Kerwin biography| author=American University |year=2007 |access-date=July 20, 2007}}</ref> Dhismaha dhismaha cusub ee [[American University School of International Service|Dugsiga Adeegga Caalamiga ah]] ayaa la dhagax dhigay Nofeembar 14, 2007, waxaana la dhammeeyay 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American University School of International Service |url=https://mcdonoughpartners.com/projects/american-university-school-of-international-service/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=William McDonough + Partners |language=en-US}}</ref> Furitaanka dhismaha, waxaa khudbad jeediyay xilligaas Senator-kii Hawaii [[Daniel K. Inouye]]. 2015, Jaamacadda Mareykanka waxay bilowday bixinta barnaamij la aqoonsaday, oo degdeg ah oo internetka ah oo ah Shahaadada Mastarka Maamulka Ganacsiga ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]]).<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/american-university-kogod-school-of-business-to-offer-accelerated-one-year-online-mba-program-300152411.html|title=American University Kogod School of Business to Offer Accelerated One-year Online MBA Program|website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|access-date=June 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://onlinebusiness.american.edu/mba/|title=Online MBA - Earn your MBA from Anywhere|access-date=June 21, 2018|language=en|archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005248/https://onlinebusiness.american.edu/mba/|url-status=dead}}</ref> May 2017, Kerwin wuxuu ka fariistay madaxweynaha AU.<ref name="reedretire">{{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2016/03/28/american-university-president-neil-kerwin-to-step.html |title=American University President Neil Kerwin to step down |last=Reed |first=Tina |date=March 28, 2016 |work=Washington Business Journal |access-date=March 28, 2016}}</ref> Bishii Juun, wax yar ka dib markii ay ka tagtay xilkeedii ahayd [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services|Wasiirka HHS]], [[Sylvia Mathews Burwell]] ayaa loo doortay inay noqoto madaxweynaha 15-aad isla markaana ahayd haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee ka shaqeysa doorkaas.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Rebecca Adams |date=2017-01-26 |title=Burwell to Lead American University as President |url=https://rollcall.com/2017/01/26/burwell-to-lead-american-university-as-president/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=Roll Call |language=en-US}}</ref> 2017, [[Taylor Dumpson]] waxay noqotay madaxweynaha ururka ardayda ee ugu horreysay oo ah haweeney madow ah ee AU. Maalinteedii ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, moos ayaa laga helay saddex meelood oo ka tirsan kampaska, oo ka lulnaya xargo xarig u eg, oona ay ku calaamadsan yihiin xarfaha "AKA," oo ah xarfaha ururka gabdhaha ee [[Alpha Kappa Alpha]]. Jaamacaddu waxay u aragtay dhacdadaas mid cunsuriyad ah, iyadoo madaxweynaha bixi doona Kerwin uu ku tilmaamay "fal fulaynimo ah, oo laga naxo."<ref>Larimer, Susan (May 2, 2017) [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/05/02/a-cowardly-despicable-act-american-u-president-responds-to-banana-incident-on-schools-campus/ "Man who harassed black student online must deliver 'sincere' apology, renounce white supremacy"] ''[[The Washington Post]]''</ref><ref name="larimer">Larimer, Sarah (December 21, 2018) [https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2018/12/21/man-who-harassed-black-student-online-must-deliver-sincere-apology-renounce-white-supremacy/ "Man who harassed black student online must deliver 'sincere' apology, renounce white supremacy"] ''[[The Washington Post]]''</ref> 2019, [[American University School of Education|Dugsiga Waxbarashada]] (SOE) waxaa laga gooyay [[American University College of Arts and Sciences|Kulliyada Fanka iyo Sayniska]] (CAS).<ref name="theeagleonline.com">{{Cite web|title=School of Education separates from the College of Arts and Sciences|url=https://www.theeagleonline.com/article/2019/06/school-of-education-separates|access-date=August 20, 2020|website=The Eagle|language=en}}</ref> Sida uu sheegay deenka SOE ee xilligaas Cheryl Holcomb-McCoy, tallaabadan waxaa loo qaaday si "loogu dhiirrigeliyo ardayda badan inay raadsadaan shaqooyinka waxbarashada."<ref name="theeagleonline.com" /> Meelaha daraasadda ee ardaydu ay ka ceyrsan karaan dugsiga dhexdiisa waxaa ka mid ah: waxbarashada macallimiinta, waxbarashada gaarka ah, siyaasadda waxbarashada iyo hoggaanka, iyo waxbarashada caalamiga ah. Dugsigu wuxuu hoy u yahay Machadka Hal-abuurka ee Waxbarashada iyo Xarunta Diyaarinta iyo Guusha Kadib-Sare.<ref>{{Cite web|title=School of Education {{!}} American University, Washington, DC|url=https://www.american.edu/soe/|access-date=August 20, 2020|website=American University|language=en}}</ref><ref name="theeagleonline.com" /> Abriil 22, 2020, AU waxay ku dhawaaqday inay [[Fossil fuel divestment|ka baxday (divested)]] hantideeda keydka ah (endowment) shidaalka fosilka, taasoo ka dhigtay mid ka mid ah jaamacadaha ugu horreeya ee Mareykanka ee si buuxda uga baxa haysashada shidaalka fosilka ee tooska ah iyo midka aan tooska ahayn labadaba.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 22, 2020|title=American University Eliminates All Public Fossil Fuel Investments from Its Endowment|url=https://www.american.edu/media/news/20200422-divestment.cfm|access-date=December 27, 2020|website=American University|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=BREAKING: AU announces full financial divestment from fossil fuel stocks|url=https://www.theeagleonline.com/article/2020/04/breaking-au-announces-full-financial-divestment-from-fossil-fuel-stocks|access-date=December 27, 2020|website=The Eagle|language=en}}</ref> Ka dib [[referendum|afti]] ay ardaydu u codeeyeen inay taageerayaan ka bixitaanka, gollaha maamulayaasha AU waxay u codeeyeen inay diidaan ka bixitaanka keydka 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Respaut|first=Robin|date=November 21, 2014|title=American University rejects divesting its fossil-fuel assets|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-university-fossilfuel-idUSKCN0J52C120141121|access-date=December 27, 2020}}</ref> Go'aanka lagu baxay 2020 wuxuu yimid ka dib olole ballaaran oo ay ardaydu ka sameeyeen kooxo sida Fossil Free AU iyo dowladda ardayda ee heerka koowaad.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Lu|first=Mark|date=April 22, 2020|title=Fossil Free AU & AUSG: the unlikely pair that secured fossil fuel divestment|url=https://www.americanagora.org/single-post/2020/04/22/ffau-ausg-the-unlikely-pair-that-secured-fossil-fuel-divestment|access-date=December 27, 2020|website=americanagora|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> 2020, Fossil Free AU waxay ku aaddisay afti labaad oo arday ah oo ku saabsan mawduuca, dowladduna ardayduna waxay soo saartay warbixin ku saabsan ka bixitaanka, taas oo loo bandhigay gollaha maamulayaasha adkeysiga maaliyadeed ee ardayda Robert Zitzmann.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 1, 2020|title=Fossil Fuel Divestment: Environmentally Sustainable, Financially Responsible|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gCj2nr5qcWy1fQobPyWcCaslZarEQsCt/view|website=American University Student Government}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SG referendum supporting divestment from fossil fuel industry passes|url=https://www.theeagleonline.com/article/2020/04/sg-referendum-supporting-divestment-from-fossil-fuel-industry-passes|access-date=December 27, 2020|website=The Eagle|language=en}}</ref> Horraantii Agoosto 2023, Burwell waxay ku dhawaaqday inay ka degayso madaxweynaha 15-aad ee AU laakiin ay ka sii shaqayn doonto Machadka Si سیاست iyo Siyaasadda ee Sine ee AU.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Nick |date=August 8, 2023 |title=American University president to step down after the coming school year |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/08/08/american-university-sylvia-burwell-resign/ |access-date=March 19, 2024 |work=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Changemaking Presidency |url=https://www.american.edu/magazine/article/a-changemaking-presidency.cfm |access-date=July 4, 2024 |website=American University |language=en}}</ref> Luuliyo 1, 2024, [[Jonathan Alger]] wuxuu noqday madaxweynaha 16-aad ee AU.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcing AU's 16th president |url=https://www.american.edu/trustees/presidentialsearch/ |access-date=March 18, 2024 |website=American University |language=en}}</ref> Alger wuxuu u magacaabay Matthew Eynon, oo hore u ahaa Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka Arrimaha Jaamacadda ee [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), inuu hoggaamiyo Horumarinta Jaamacadda iyo Qorshaynta Istaraatiijiyadeed ee AU.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcing our new Vice President of University Advancement |url=https://www.american.edu/president/announcements/march-24-2025.cfm |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=American University |language=en}}</ref> Nofeembar 2024, waxaa la sheegay in AU ay tixgelineyso dib-u-habeyn lagu sameeyo [[American University School of Education|SOE]], taas oo laga yaabo inay dib ugu biiriso [[American University College of Arts and Sciences|CAS]] ama xitaa ay kala dirto [[American University School of Education|SOE]] gebi ahaanba, iyada oo ay sabab u tahay walaacyo dhinaca miisaaniyadda ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NAICU - Amid Budget Cuts, American University May Restructure School of Education |url=https://www.naicu.edu/news-events/member-news/2024/11/amid-budget-cuts-american-university-may-restructure-school-of-education/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=www.naicu.edu}}</ref> Febraayo 2025, borofisarkii mudada dheer maaliyadda H. Kent Baker wuxuu sameeyay deeq aan la shaacin, taas oo ahayd deeqdii shaqsi ee ugu weynayd taariikhda AU, oo lagu sharfayo xaaskiisii ​​geeriyootay, Linda. Gollaha Maamulayaasha waxay aqoonsadeen deeqdiisa beddelka lahayd iyagoo u bixiyay dugsiga [[American University School of Education|Dugsiga Waxbarashada ee Linda A. and H. Kent Baker]], taas oo ahayd tallaabo ugu dambeyn xajistay xaaladda madaxbannaan ee dugsiga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank {{!}} |first=Adrienne |date=2025-02-11 |title=The Enduring Legacy of an AU Love Story: Lifelong AU Connections Inspire Historic Gift to Name the School of Education (SOE) |url=https://www.american.edu/news/The-Enduring-Legacy-of-an-AU-Love-Story-Lifelong-AU-Connections-Inspire-Historic-Gift-to-Name-the-School-of-Education-SOE.cfm |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=American University |language=en}}</ref> May 2026, Alger wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu ka degay xilkii madaxweynaha 16-aad ee AU.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Message to the AU Community from President Alger |url=https://www.american.edu/president/announcements/may-27-2026.cfm |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=American University |language=en}}</ref> Laga bilaabo Luuliyo 2026, [[David Marchick]] wuxuu u adeegaa AU ahaan madaxweyne kumeelgaar ah ilaa madaxweynaha xiga uu xilka ka qabanayo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-27 |title=A letter from David Marchick to the American University community |url=https://kogod.american.edu/news/a-letter-from-david-marchick-to-the-american-university-community |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=kogod.american.edu |language=en}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} m7c8444qwd0ne5pjep7bbd0m1d0399u 0 37183 310022 309933 2026-10-05T02:41:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dagaaladii ridada''' waa weeraro is xig xiga oo muslimiinta ku qaadeen qabiilada [[carabta]] ee ka laabatay diinta iyo kuwa diiday sakada, ka dib dhimasha rasuulka [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|muxamad]] scw iyo khilaafada [[Abu Bakr|Abuubakar al-sidiiq]], waxey socdeen dagaaladaan sanadihii [[11H]] iyo [[12H]]<ref group="la">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأخير1=Vaglieri|الأول1=Laura V.|عنوان=The Cambridge History of Islam|المجلد=1A|طبعة=الإلكترونيَّة|صفحة=58|مسار={{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7B%7B%21%7D%7D%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9%3D |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-date=2021-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225129/https://www.ashtoncentralmosque.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-Cambridge-History-of-Islam-%E2%80%93-1a.pdf%7B%7B%21%7D%7D%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9%3D |url-status=bot: unknown}}History-of-Islam-–-1a.pdf|تاريخ أرشيف=30 أغسطس 2021}</ref> == Taariikhda == waxa uu dhintay [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabiga scw]] 12 bisha [[Rabic al-awwal|mowliid]] sanadkii [[11H]] oo waafaqsan 7 juun 632, ka dib markuu ku mideeyay dhamaan qabiilada carabta hal dawlad iyo iyo hal diin, laakin qabiilada badankood diinta si fiican uguma sugnaan, Nabiga scw oo wali nool ayaa waxaa [[Yemen|yaman]] kasoo baxay [[aswad al-cansi]] nabinimo ayuuna sheegtay, sidoo kale [[Museylima Al-kadaab|museylima]] ayaa [[yamaama]] kasoo baxay asna nabinimo ayuu sheegtay bal wuxuu ka dalbaday Nabiga scw inuu dhulka u qeybiyo<ref name="المتنبؤن">{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=[[محمد بن جرير الطبري|الطبري، أبو جعفر مُحمَّد بن جُرير]]|مؤلف2=تحقيق مُحمَّد أبو الفضل إبراهيم|عنوان=[[تاريخ الطبري|تاريخ الرُسل والمُلوك]]، الجُزء الثالث|إصدار=الثانية|صفحة=282 - 287|سنة=[[1387 هـ|1387هـ]] - [[1967]]م|ناشر=[[دار المعارف]]|مكان=[[القاهرة]] - [[مصر]]}</ref> ayadoo sidaas ah ayuu geeriyooday [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabi muxamad]] scw markiiba waxaa meel kasta ku faaftay ridada, waxaa batay beenaalayaasha sheeganaya nabinimada, waxaa soo baxay [[duleyxa bin khuweylid]] iyo [[sajaaxa]], qabiilada qaar ayaa diideen sakada waxeyna sheegeen inay diinta ku ekeed dhimashada Nabiga scw, waxaa diinta ku haray kaliya reer [[Makka]] iyo reer [[Medina|Madiina]] iyo reer [[Daa'if]]. {{Gumud}} == Xigasho == [[Category:Islaam]] [[Category:Taariikh]] [[Category:Khulafo Raashidiin]] <references group="la" /> mdtzr9dvtu3pprfdmfsnfd7gmcw9iq8 0 40766 310033 267388 2026-10-05T08:36:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310033 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; border-spacing: 0px; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaa; float: right; margin-left: 1em;" |+ | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0; background-color: #f9f9f9;" | |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; padding: 5px 0;" |'''Petrolicious''' |- | style="width: 30%; background-color: #f9f9f9; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" |'''Foundation''' | style="width: 70%; background-color: #f9f9f9; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" | March 2012 |- | style="width: 30%; background-color: #f9f9f9; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" |'''Headquarters''' | style="width: 70%; background-color: #f9f9f9; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" | Miami, Florida |- |'''Website''' |[https://petrolicious.com/ Official Website] |}'''Petrolicious''' waa shirkad warbaahin Maraykan ah oo ku takhasustay filimaan tayo sare leh iyo nuxurka tafatirka ee diiradda saaraya baabuurta caadiga ah. Waxaa la aasaasay bishii Maarso 2012 oo xarunteedu tahay Miami, Florida, shirkaddu waxay caan ku tahay habka sheeko-sheekeysiga ee gaarka ah, kaas oo isku daraya farshaxanimada shaleemada iyo qaddarinta qoto dheer ee taariikhda baabuurta iyo dhaqanka. Petrolicious waxa ay soo saartaa waxyaabo u dabbaaldegaya soo jiidashada baabuurta naadirka ah iyo kuwa qalaad iyada oo loo marayo sheeko-shaqsiyeedyo iyo sheeko-muqaaleed. ==Taariikhda== Petrolicious waxaa la aasaasay 2012 iyada oo ujeedadu ahayd in la bixiyo goob gaar ah oo loogu talagalay dadka xiiseeya baabuurta caadiga ah iyo kuwa xiiseeya filimada wanaagsan. Shirkaddu waxay si dhakhso ah u heshay aqoonsi filimadeeda asalka ah ee ku dhex milmay sheekooyinka ka dambeeya baabuurta caadiga ah, iyada oo xoogga saaraysa xidhiidhka shucuureed ee ka dhexeeya mulkiilayaasha iyo baabuurtooda. Habkani wuxuu ka dhigayaa Petrolicious marka laga reebo warbaahinta dhaqameed ee baabuurta, kuwaas oo inta badan diiradda saaraya tilmaamo farsamo iyo dib u eegis. Bishii Febraayo 2024, Petrolicious waxa la wareegay Kooxda Diiwaangelinta DuPont. Helitaankan ayaa u horseeday horumarro la taaban karo oo sumadda, oo ay ku jiraan dib u hawlgelinta shabakadeeda iyo hawlgallada tafatirka. Lahaanshaha cusub, Petrolicious waxa ay balaarisay bixinteeda, oo ay ku jirto soo bandhigida iibka gaarka ah ee Petrolicious June 2024. Madalkan cusub waxa uu fududeeyaa iibinta gaarka ah ee baabuurta aruuriya, iyada oo ujeedadeedu tahay in ay ku xidho xamaasada jecel baabuurta ay rabaan iyada oo hubinaysa in macaamil kastaa uu ka tarjumayo mahadnaq la wadaago baabuurta heer sare. ==Adeegyada== Petrolicious waxay bixisaa adeegyo kala duwan oo loogu talagalay labada xiiseeya baabuurta iyo xirfadlayaasha warshadaha: - Soo saarista Warbaahineed: Petrolicious waxay caan ku tahay filimadeeda tayada sare leh iyo waxa ku jira muqaal ee muujinaya baabuurta caadiga ah iyo sheekooyinkooda. Wax soo saarka shirkadu inta badan waxa ka muuqda gawaari naadir ah iyo kuwo qalaad waxaana lagu gartaa tayada shaleemada iyo sheeko-shaqsiyeedkooda. - Nuxurka Tafatirka: Shirkaddu waxay bixisaa tafaftir tafatir ah oo sahamisa dhinacyo kala duwan oo ah dhaqanka baabuurka caadiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan aragtiyaha taariikhiga ah, khibradaha mulkiilaha, iyo isbeddellada baabuurta. Mawduucan waxa loogu talagalay in lagu wargeliyo, lagu maaweeliyo, oo lagu dhiirigaliyo labada xiiseeya ee khibradda leh iyo kuwa cusub. - Soo saarista Filimada iyo Isgaarsiinta: Petrolicious waxay bixisaa adeegyo wax soo saar filim oo dhameystiran, oo ay ku jiraan suuqgeyn iyo xeelado isgaarsiin. Adeegyadani waxay u adeegaan ganacsiyada iyo ururada doonaya inay abuuraan waxyaabo baabuur oo firfircoon. Shatiga Warbaahinta: Batroolka ayaa shati u siinaya muuqaalkiisa iyo waxa ku jira sawir si loogu isticmaalo xarumaha warbaahineed ee kala duwan, iyagoo siinaya muuqaal tayo sare leh oo loogu talagalay daabacadaha baabuurta, xayaysiisyada, iyo aaladaha kale. - Iibka Gaarka ah ee Shidaalka: Waxaa la bilaabay Juun 2024, madalkani waxa uu ku takhasusay fududaynta iibinta gaarka ah ee baabuurta ururisa. Waxay u adeegtaa iibsadayaal iyo iibiyeyaal kala duwan, laga bilaabo kuwa raadinaya moodallo gaar ah iyo kuwa xiisaynaya baabuurta la heli karo ee la heli karo. ==Taxanaha Filimka== Petrolicious waxaa loo yaqaanaa dhowr filim oo taxane ah oo caan ah, kuwaas oo mid kastaa uu iftiiminayo dhinacyo kala duwan oo ah dhaqanka baabuurka caadiga ah: - Made to Drive: Taxanahan ayaa waxa ka muuqda gawaadhi loogu dabaal dagayo farxadda wadista iyo waxqabadka. Waxay diiradda saartaa khibradda wadista iyo farxadda isticmaalka baabuurtan sidii loogu talagalay. - Khabiirada Homologation: Taxanahan waxa uu dhex galayaa baabuurta loo dhisay si gaar ah isu-gaynta tartanka. Waxay baartaa injineernimada gaarka ah iyo walxaha naqshadeynta ee baabuurtan ka dhigaya kuwo gaar ah. - Makaanikada Master-ka: Taxanahan wuxuu soo bandhigayaa farsamoyaqaanno xirfad leh iyo makaanikada ka shaqeeya baabuurta caadiga ah. Waxay muujineysaa khibradooda iyo shaqada hufan ee u socota dayactirka iyo soo celinta gaadiidkan. - Soul Made: Taxanahan ayaa sahaminaya xidhiidhka qoto dheer ee shucuurta ee baabuurta iyo milkiilayaashooda. Waxa ay soo bandhigtay sheekooyin shakhsi ah oo ka tarjumaya muhiimada ay baabuurtani u leeyihiin nolosha daryeelayaashooda. - Si dhadhan leh u kaxee: Sahan muuqaal soo jiidasho leh oo lagu sameeyay isgoysyada u dhexeeya dhaqanka mootada iyo qaab nololeedka la safeeyey, soona bandhigay dadka xiiseeya ee arka baaskiiladooda caadiga ah. - Racing Classic: Waxay daawadayaasha u qaadaa tartamada caanka ah ee canabka ah iyo baabuurta jinsiyada, iyagoo u dabaaldegaya hidaha, rayn rayn, iyo soo jiidashada waara ee baabuurta tartanka caadiga ah ee wadooyinka taariikhiga ah. - Coffee Subax: Taxane khafiif ah oo daboolaya mawduucyo kala duwan oo la xidhiidha baabuurta caadiga ah iyo dhaqanka baabuurta. Waxay bixisaa muuqaal caadi ah oo ku saabsan kuwa xiiseeya baabuurta iyo rabitaankooda. ==Balaadhinta iyo Horumarka== Tan iyo markii ay la soo wareegtay duPont Registry Group, Petrolicious waxa ay samaysay isbedelo la taaban karo. Dib u bilaabista shabakadeeda iyo hawlgallada tifaftirka waxay calaamad u tahay cutub cusub oo shirkadda ah, oo leh astaamo la cusboonaysiiyay iyo bixinta nuxurka. Soo bandhigida Iibka Gaarka ah ee Batroolka wuxuu ka dhigan yahay balaadhinta istaraatiijiyadeed ee suuqa baabuurta aruuriya, taasoo bixisa goob u go'an wax kala iibsiga gaarka ah. Horumarka shirkadu waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa sida ay uga go'an tahay in ay wanaajiso la shaqaynteeda bulshada baabuurta iyo balaadhinta saamaynta ay ku leedahay aduunka baabuurta caadiga ah. Marka la isku daro wax soo saarka warbaahinta tayada sare leh iyo adeegyo cusub, Petrolicious waxa ay sii ahaanaysaa cod horseed u ah dabaaldega hidaha baabuurta. <ref> https://medium.com/@digitalmediatechnology/petrolicious-70f9f61caf95</ref> ==Tixraacyo== - "Petrolicious: Cornucopia of Videos Car Classic," Prestige Deports Porsche, Oktoobar 25, 2016. <ref>https://www.prestigeimportsporsche.com/petrolicious-the-porsche-356-iyo-personal-narratives/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} tixraac</ref> - "Batrool ku leh Waddada & Jidka." <ref>https://www.roadandtrack.com/author/3090/petrolicious-com/</ref> - "Specials Homologation - Petrolicious," 2019, IMDB. <ref> https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12960178/</ref> - "Maalin Shidaal leh," Stans Works, Maarso 2031. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stanceworks.com/2013/03/a-day-with-petrolicious/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |archive-date=2024-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914193653/https://stanceworks.com/2013/03/a-day-with-petrolicious/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> - "Batrool ku leh AutoBlog." <ref> https://www.autoblog.com/tag/petrolicious/</ref> - "Batrool ku leh Hypebeast." <ref> https://hypebeast.com/tags/petrolicious</ref> Petrolicious ayaa weli ah magac caan ah oo ka jira saaxadda warbaahinta baabuurta, oo caan ku ah u heellanaanta u dabbaaldegga fanka iyo taariikhda baabuurta caadiga ah iyada oo loo marayo sheeko soo jiidasho leh iyo wax soo saar tayo sare leh. pgf3n2d7yeq58g5w1p1mha2rcd4pt00 0 43287 310028 285627 2026-10-05T06:11:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jawahir Ahmed <br> {{lang|ar|جواهر احمد}} | image = | imagesize = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1991}} | birth_place = [[Logan, Utah]], [[United States of America|U.S.A.]] | occupation = [[Model (profession)|Model]] | height = 5'8 | nationality = [[Mareykanka|Ameerikaan]] [[Soomaaliya|Soomaali]] | children = | title = Miss Soomaali, Miss Afrika Utah }} '''Jawahir Ahmed''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Jawaahir Axmed ; Af-Carabi : جواهر احمد ) waa model-ka Soomaali-Maraykanka ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Axmed waxa uu ku dhashay Logan, Utah sannadkii 1991-kii, waxaana dhalay waalidiin Soomaaliyeed . Qoyskeeda ayaa u guuray Mareykanka horaantii sanadkaas markii uu bilowday dagaalka sokeeye ee Soomaaliya . qoyskeedu waxay ka soo jeedaan beesha Osman Mahamoud ee beesha weyn ee Majeerteen Waxbarashadeeda dugsiga sare ka dib, Axmed waxa ay wax ka baranaysaa Jaamacadda Gobolka Utah deeq waxbarasho. Ku-xigeenka Waxbarashada Caafimaadka oo ku takhasustay Sayniska Caafimaadka, waxay rajaynaysaa inay ugu dambeyntii u adeegto sidii lataliye caafimaad ee Injineerada aan xuduudda lahayn . Axmed waxa uu isla markaaba u shaqaynayaa AmeriCorps iyo barnaamijka u diyaargarowga kulliyadda CPASS. ==Xirfad== Axmed waxa uu u saxeexay wakaaladda qaabaynta kooxda Xiddigaha Talent 2013, waxay Soomaaliya u matashay tartanka Miss Africa Utah, taasoo ay ku guulaysatay Waxay mar kale u soo noqotay Miss Somalia 2013 Miss United Nations pageant. ==Xusuusin== [https://web.archive.org/web/20180222114245/http://gkfolks.com/public_html/competition-info/contestants/mau-2013-contestants/item/61-miss-somalia "Miss Soomaali]. [https://www.somalispot.com/threads/im-jawahir-ahmed-somali-american-model-ama.6137/ "Waxaan ahay Jawaahir Axmed, Model Somali-American --AMA"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120510193815/http://www.starstalentgroup.com/FEMALE-MODELS.html "Model dhedig - Jawaahir Axmed"] Miss United Nations [http://www.missunpageant.com/ asalka] {{Wayback|url=http://www.missunpageant.com/ |date=20190126185629 }}Miss Qaramada Midoobay. Laga kaydiyay ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20180222114245/http://gkfolks.com/public_html/competition-info/contestants/mau-2013-contestants/item/61-miss-somalia "Miss Soomaali] Wax soo saarka Folks GK. Laga kaydiyay [http://gkfolks.com/public_html/competition-info/contestants/mau-2013-contestants/item/61-miss-somalia asalka] {{Wayback|url=http://gkfolks.com/public_html/competition-info/contestants/mau-2013-contestants/item/61-miss-somalia |date=20180222114245 }} 22 Febraayo 2018 . La soo celiyay 12 Agoosto 2013 . {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://web.archive.org/web/20170708092729/http://www.thenationofpoets.com/2013/07/jawahir-ahmed.html Qaranka Abwaanada - Jawaahir Axmed] potuv5vw28sqzkxtqvhwr32p59npuw2 0 43550 310015 303324 2026-10-05T00:07:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abuja Area Mama | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Ifeanyi Chukwu-Agah Benedict | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1991|04|20}} | birth_place = [[Afikpo North]], Ebonyi State, Nigeria | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2024|08|08|1991|04|20}} | death_place = | death_cause = La garaacay oo la mindiyey | body_discovered = Waddada Degdega ah ee Katampe-Mabushi, [[Degmada Federaalka ee Caasimadda (Nigeria)|Degmada Federaalka ee Caasimadda]], [[Nigeria]] | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | other_names = Shantel Kay, Chantelle, Area Mama | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = {{flatlist| * Shaqaale galmo * Dhaqdhaqaaqa LGBTQ}} | years_active = 2006–2024 | employer = | organization = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | partner = | spouse = | children = | website = }} '''Ifeanyi Chukwu-Agah Benedict''' (20 Abriil 1991 - 8 Agoosto 2024), oo inta badan loo yaqaan Abuja Area Mama , waxay ahayd shaqaale galmo Nigeria ah, shakhsiyad warbaahinta bulshada, iyo u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda LGBTQ Waxaa la dilay 8dii Agoosto 2024 kiiskeedana wali lama xalin. ==Nolosha hore== Ifeanyi Chukwu-Agah Benedict waxa uu ku dhashay degaanka Afikpo North ee dawlada hoose ee Ebonyi State , kuna soo barbaaray Gwagwa Da'dii hore, waxay xiisaynaysay "dharka iskutallaabta", inta badan waxay u labisan jirtay sidii dheddigga oo xidhatay qurxiyo iyo timaarro Benedict waxay ogaatay jinsigeeda markay da'da toban sano jirsatay, iyada oo isu tixgelinaysa inay tahay khaniis. Waxay daaha ka qaaday in ay faraxumeeyeen dad waaweyn oo aan la magacaabin kuwaas oo isticmaalay vaseline si ay u "massage her kpekus Ereyga pidgin Nigeria ee xubinta taranka dumarka. ==Nolosha iyo shaqada== Benedict wuxuu qaatay magaca Shantel Kay (mararka qaar wuxuu higgaadiyay Chantelle ) Waxay bilawday inay ka shaqeyso timo-jaraha iyo farshaxanimada qurxinta. Waxay markii dambe u guurtay Abuja . 2006, waxay bilowday inay lacag ku qaadato shaqo galmo iyo inay galmo la samayso macaamiil aan la shaacin, iyada oo ku deeqday cinwaanka Abuja Area Mama . Macaamiisheeda, oo ay ku jiraan waayeel iyo rag hawlgab ah oo aan weligood si cad loo sheegin aqoonsigooda, ayaa soo qaadi jiray habeenkii Iyadoo ay sii waday shaqada galmada, Benedict waxaa lagu soo oogay weeraro badan oo jireed, oo ay ku jiraan [[mindi]] mindi kaas oo markii dambe lagu diiwaangeliyay muuqaalkeeda warbaahinta bulshada Sebtembar 2023 Inkasta oo ay warbixino u dirtay booliiska maxalliga ah, wax baaritaanno ah ama la xiray weligeed lama samayn. Intii lagu jiray 2024, Benedict wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka soo muuqdo dhowr bandhig oo TV ah iyo bandhigyo shabakadeed oo ka hadlaysa nolosheeda, taasoo keenaysa wacyiga khatarta dhilleysiga iyo nolosha waddooyinka Bishii Maarso 2024, waxay muujisay inay rabto inay ka fariisato warshadaha shaqada galmada oo ay hesho nin ay guursato. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== In kasta oo dhowr xarumood oo warbaahin ah ay ku calaamadiyeen jinsi-jinsi, Benedict wuxuu aqoonsaday inuu yahay nin lab ah oo "dharka iskutallaabta fal ay u labisan lahayd sida [[dheddig]] Waxay kaloo aqoonsatay iyadoo adeegsanaysa magac-u-yaalka iyada/iyada. Bishii Noofambar 2023, waxay daaha ka qaaday in aabbaheed dhintay. ==Geerida== Habeenkii 7da Agoosto 2024, Benedict waxay soo galisay muuqaal TikTok iyada oo soo bandhigaysa iyada oo xidhatay qurxiyo iyo timo timo, oo ku labisan kimono madow. Benedict, oo ku jirtay dhabarka dambe ee baabuurka adeegga fuushan, waxay u socotay inay la kulanto macmiil. Subaxdii xigtay ee 8-dii Agoosto, Benedict oo dhiiggiisa la garaacay oo meydkiisa la garaacay ayaa laga helay Waddada Katampe-Mabushi Expressway ee Banex, Wuse 2 ee Caasimadda Federaalka Taliyaha Booliska FCT, CP Benneth C. Igweh ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inuu furay baaritaan laakiin dilka Benedict ayaan weli la xalin Afar maalmood ka hor dilkeeda, Benedict waxay la wadaagtay muuqaal Instagram-ka muuqaal muujinaya macmiil cadaawad ah oo bixiyay ₦200,000 oo naira oo adeeg ah oo dalbaday lacagtooda. Waxaa la aasay 25kii Febraayo 2025. ===Xusuus iyo falcelin=== Dilka Mamama ayaa waxaa soo tebiyay dhowr warbaahin oo caalami ah sida [[BBC]] News CNN iyo PinkNews Kooxda xuquuqul insaanka Nigeria The Initiative For Equal Rights (TIERS) ayaa tacsi u diray Codsi online ah, oo ay martigelisay All Out , ayaa la bilaabay iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la gaaro 10,000 oo saxiix ah si loogu diro Wasaaradda Cadaaladda ee Nigeria Wariye u dhashay Nigeria Martins Ifijeh ayaa ku tilmaamay dilka "nooca bini'aadantinimada ugu xun" 5tii Agoosto 2025, urur aan dawli ahayn oo u dooda xuquuqda aadanaha oo Nayjeeriya ah oo loo yaqaan Minority Watch (U doodayaasha laga tirada badan yahay ee waxbarashada iyo u doodaha sinaanta xuquuqda Initiative) ayaa dacwad ka gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Federaalka Nigeria dacwad ka dhan ah qaybta Abuja ee ciidamada booliska oo ku guuldareystay inay si sax ah u baaraan dilka Ilaalada laga tirada badan yahay, iyadoo la kaashanaysa laba urur oo kale oo aan dawli ahayn, waxay codsi rasmi ah u gudbiyeen Taliyaha Booliska, Dawladda Dhexe ee Territory ( FCT ) , 8 Agoosto 2024 Waxaa intaa dheer, waxay raadinayaan amar mandamus oo faraya bilayska inay si degdeg ah u bilaabaan baaritaan dhab ah oo ku saabsan dilka, soona qabtaan dambiilayaasha, oo ay xaqiijiyaan in lagu oogay si waafaqsan sharciga. ==Tixraac== [https://punchng.com/police-identify-slain-abuja-crossdresser-as-family-aids-probe/ Abuja inuu yahay baadhitaanka gargaarka qoyska] [https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1609548-abuja-area-mama-police-share-facts-tiktok-star-death/ Aagga Abuja Mama: Booliisku Waxay La Wadaageen Taariikhdii Marxuum TikTok Star, Waxay Kicinaysaa Dareen, "2 Todobaad Ka Dib?"] [https://www.them.us/story/abuja-area-mama-tiktok-nigeria-found-dead + ee Nayjeeriya waxay dalbadeen cadaalad ka dib dhimashadii TikToker "Aagga Abuja Mama"] [https://punchng.com/abuja-cross-dressers-killers-must-face-justice-police/ Abuja-ga------dilayaasha gacan-ku-dhiiglayaasha waa in ay wajahaan caddaalad – Booliiska] [https://www.gistreel.com/i-am-hoping-for-a-good-man-to-come-into-my-life-and-marry-me-abuja-based-crossdresser/ "Waxaan rajeynayaa in nin wanaagsan uu noloshayda soo galo oo uu i guursado" - Crossdresser fadhigeedu yahay Abuja] [https://www.cnn.com/2024/08/09/africa/abuja-area-mama-nigeria-trans-killing-intl-scli ayaa baaraya dilkii ka dhacay degaanka TikToker Abuja ee Mama] [https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1668148-nigerian-government-police-dragged-court-death-tiktok-star-abuja-area-mama/ FG, Booliisku waxa uu wajahayaa tilaabo sharci ah oo ku saabsan ku guuldaraysiga in la baaro dhimashada TikTok Star] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260110152740/https://thestreetjournal.org/rights-group-sues-police-for-failing-to-probe-abuja-area-mama-murder/ Rights Group ayaa ku dacwaysay booliiska inay ku guuldaraysteen inay baaraan dilki Abuja ' Area Mama'] [https://www.africanews.com/2024/08/09/police-order-investigation-into-the-murder-of-nigeria-cross-dresser-abuja-area-mama// ayaa amar ku bixiyay in baaritaan lagu sameeyo dilkii Nayjeeriya udhashay "Aagga Abuja Mama"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} bveufmxo5i7jjhj57css3jict02kdy5 0 45179 310027 291295 2026-10-05T06:05:23Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = | honorific_suffix= | image = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1951}} | birth_place = [[Lindi]], Tanzania | citizenship = British<ref name="African Writing interview">{{cite journal|url=https://www.african-writing.com/seven/janebryce.htm|title=Jane Bryce interview {{!}} The Face of Africa in the Caribbean|journal=African Writing Online|number=7|first=Amatoritsero|last=Ede|author-link=Amatoritsero Ede|access-date=11 December 2022|issn=1754-6672|archive-date=11 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211220029/https://www.african-writing.com/seven/janebryce.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | education = | alma_mater = [[Obafemi Awolowo University]] | occupation = Qoraa, saxafi, naqdiye suugaaneed iyo aqoonyahan | partner = [[Philip Nanton]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.manchesteropenhive.com/view/9781526114921/9781526114921.00006.xml|title=Frontiers of the Caribbean|chapter=Acknowledgements|first=Philip|last=Nanton|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9781526114921|date=30 January 2017}}</ref> | notable works = | awards = | website = {{website|https://www.janebryce.com/}} }} '''Jane Bryce''' (waxay dhalatay 1951) waa qoraa Ingiriis ah, saxafi, naqdiye suugaaneed iyo dhaqameed, iyo sidoo kale aqoonyahan. Waxay ku dhalatay kuna kortay Tanzania, waxay ku noolayd Talyaaniga, UK iyo Nigeria, tan iyo 1992-kii waxay xarunteedu ahayd Barbados Qoraalkeeda loogu talagalay daabacaadyo kala duwan ayaa diiradda saarey sheekooyinka casriga ah ee Afrika iyo Kariibiyaanka, shineemo gumeysi iyo qoraal hal abuur leh, waana Professor Emerita ee Suugaanta Afrika iyo Cinema ee Jaamacadda Galbeedka Indies, Cave ==Asalkii hore== Jane Bryce waxay ku dhalatay 1951 magaalada Lindi , Tanzania, waxayna ku kortay Moshi Waxay wax ku baratay dugsiyo ku yaal Tansaaniya ilaa ay ka gaadhay da'da 13, markaasoo loo diray iskuul ku yaal England Sida ay ku sheegtay wareysi ay ku bixisay African Writing , "Waxaan haystaa baasaboor Ingiriis ah, sababtoo ah markii aan ku dhashay Tansaaniya, waxay ahayd maxmiyad British ah . Waxaa nala siiyay doorashada dhalashada 'Uhuru' [madax-bannaanida] aabbahayna wuxuu doortay Ingiriis. Sida lagu soo tarxiilay siyaasadda Afrikaynta, laga yaabee sidoo kale, laakiin haddana mar kale, haddii Tansaaniya nala soo celin lahaa Sida hadda aabbaheed uu u shaqeynayay hay'adda Qaramada Midoobay ee FAO, qoysku waxay u tageen Rome 1968 markay ahayd toddoba iyo toban jir. ==Tixraac== [https://www.african-writing.com/seven/janebryce.htm "Wareysiga Jane Bryce | Wajiga Afrika ee Kariibiyaanka"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.african-writing.com/seven/janebryce.htm |date=20241213225423 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115647/https://www.wasafiri.org/article/a-towering-figure-tribute-to-kamau-brathwaite-1930-2020/ Jaantus Taarar ah': Tahniyad ku socota ] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260114132238/https://newsday.co.tt/2019/05/05/tts-kevin-adonis-browne-wins-ocm-bocas-prize/ "TT's Kevin Adonis Browne wuxuu ku guuleystey abaalmarinta OCM Bocas"] 2i08dezd0xgawzc4pnvo0020dikrkh0 0 46738 310032 302689 2026-10-05T08:09:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Nathan Scott Begaye | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1958<ref>{{cite web |url=https://elmoreindianart.com/Collections/Nathan_Begaye |publisher=Steve Elmore Indian Art |title=Antique Indian Art Steve Elmore Santa Fe New Mexico: Collections/Nathan Begaye |access-date=2026-01-12 |archive-date=2025-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011232614/https://elmoreindianart.com/Collections/Nathan_Begaye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_place = [[Phoenix, Arizona]] | death_date = December {{death year and age|2010|1958}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.robertnicholsgallery.com/Robert_Nichols_Gallery/Artists/Pages/NATHAN_BEGAYE.html|publisher=Robert Nichols Gallery|title=NATHAN BEGAYE, Hopi-Navajo|access-date=2026-01-12|archive-date=2014-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504015339/http://www.robertnicholsgallery.com/Robert_Nichols_Gallery/Artists/Pages/NATHAN_BEGAYE.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | death_place = | nationality = [[Navajo people|Navajo]] iyo [[Hopi]] | known_for = [[Pottery|dhoobada]] | training = Machadka Farshaxanka Hindida Mareykanka (Santa Fe, New Mexico), Kulliyadda Gobolka New York ee Dhoobada ee Jaamacadda Alfred. | movement = Dhoobada Hindida ee Casriga dambe (Postmodernist Indian Pottery) | notable_works = | patrons = | awards = | elected = | website = }} {{ external media | width = 220 | image1 = [http://www.kinggalleries.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Nathan-Begaye-Photo1a-e1389904968979.jpg Sawirka Nathan Begaye] | image2 = [http://explore-art.pem.org/object/native-american-art/E301807/detail ''Snow Cloud'', 1998] | image3 = [http://explore-art.pem.org/object/native-american-art/E303659/detail ''Yeh! Bichai'', 1980-yadii] | image4 = [http://explore-art.pem.org/object/native-american-art/E303667/detail ''Sorrow, Half Breed'', 2005] }} '''Nathan Begaye''' (1958–2010) wuxuu ahaa fannaan [[Native Americans in the United States|u dhashay dadka asalka ah ee Mareykanka]] oo ku takhasusay dhoobada, kana soo jeeda qowmiyadaha [[Navajo people|Navajo]] iyo [[Hopi]]. ​ ==Taariikhda== Nathan Begaye wuxuu ku dhashay Phoenix, Arizona sannadkii 1958, isagoo aabbe u ahaa [[Navajo people|Navajo]] hooyona [[Hopi]].<ref name=free>Clark, Garth. ''Free Spirit: The New Native American Potter.'' Hertogenbosch, Netherlands: Stedelijik Museum's, 2006: 102-123.</ref> Waxaa soo korsaday awoowgii iyo ayeeyadii dhanka hoose ee degganaa [[Third Mesa]] iyo [[Tuba City, Arizona]].<ref name=free /> Eeddadiis waxay ahayd fannaanadda dhoobada ee caanka ah ee Hopi [[Otellie Loloma]]. Koriinkiisii ee bulshooyinka Navajo/Hopi waxay ku dhex jirtay hiddaha iyo dhaqanka qabiilka, waxaana lagu soo barbaariyey aqoonta, taariikhda, diinta, calaamadaha, iyo caadooyinka dadka Navajo iyo Hopi.<ref name=free /> ​ ==Xirfadda farshaxanka== Xiisaha Begaye ee dhoobada wuxuu ku bilowday isagoo yar, da'da 10 jir, wuxuuna soo bandhigay bandhigiisii ugu horreeyay ee dadweynaha hal sano ka dib kaliya.<ref name=hands>{{cite book|title=Changing Hands: Art Without Reservation, 1: Contemporary Native American Art from the Southwest|date=2002|publisher=Merrell|location=London|pages=33|editor=David Revere McFadden, Ellen Napiura Taubman}}</ref> Wuxuu farsamooyinka dhaqanka iyo hababka midabeynta ka bartay dadka bulshadiisa qabiilka, labadaba Navajo iyo Hopi.<ref name=free /> Maadaama ay ahaayeen sir qabiil, wuxuu u haystay naftiisa xataa markii uu macallin noqday markii dambe.<ref name=free /> Ka dib markii uu helay deeq waxbarasho oo ka timid [[Santa Fe Indian Market|SWAIA]],<ref name=focus>{{cite journal|last=Nichols|first=Robert F.|title=Beautiful...as Possible: The Pottery of Nathan Begaye|journal=FOCUS Magazine|date=June–July 1993}}</ref> wuxuu ka tagay gurigiisa isagoo 14 jir ah si uu dhoobada u barto [[Institute of American Indian Arts|Machadka Farshaxanka Hindida Mareykanka (IAIA)]] ee ku yaal Santa Fe, NM.<ref name=free /> ​In kasta oo koriinkiisii uu ahaa mid aad u muxaafid ah, Begaye wuxuu shaqadiisa ku isticmaali jiray farsamooyin aan caadi ahayn oo la yaab leh.<ref name=free /> Isagoo lagu tilmaamay inuu adeegsado "dareen gaar ah oo ku saabsan qaabka, dhismaha, midabka, iyo naqshadeynta,"<ref name=glosband>{{cite journal|last=Glosband|first=Merrily|title=Indian Market: New Directions in Southwestern Native American Pottery|journal=Ceramics Monthly|date=April 2002|volume=50|issue=4|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/PEM_artscape/pdf/e301798_e301807_e301803_e301812_e301793_e301794_e301797_e301813_e301799_reference.pdf}}</ref> shaqada Begaye badanaa waxay ahayd mid shakhsi ah oo ka hadlaysa nolosha qoraaga. ==Uruurinta caanka ah== *[http://explore-art.pem.org/search/f4603defb291c25230d3019eef5a1441 Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA] {{Wayback|url=http://explore-art.pem.org/search/f4603defb291c25230d3019eef5a1441 |date=20160303203337 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140504015339/http://www.robertnicholsgallery.com/Robert_Nichols_Gallery/Artists/Pages/NATHAN_BEGAYE.html Robert Nichols Gallery, Santa Fe, NM] 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{{Wayback|url=http://dev.cithosting.nl/SMSv2/ObjectResults.aspx?so=S7_LAA7VO1tftmOOmpAz73qceJn3aEqD2EG5syN9BfaiIT3Na4dcfN6mx4X51xP5_p9JCtKR_TAXJzn5CAFceH0HPk8QnAnmrPSpnkdsEWh69fT-m_Pq521wCi8QoUt7Qjl_4U7iAnUV9TEb0DFDSOxkMbDKYbLKGuwXFMAl3tFq3ZQtDn88yDXKcdxlQajcijF_4UPmlduX-r_KxgG0Uhn9pNTaFOjPvuJVa0O2cNixectDEm_H4qHVg6JPiDlC2OGVA6dac39cqmz4nEnV71hWEGjbJirajeMllunchBjm5Iwn72GyP3fpDPf43C_f9b_9uWzscTWyzlpx4HxDQ73sfao1vBFXYTUAwhx6-d2a19vU2AlvAuvboFT0aAMUiPC8N01rhaAEMhv0mQE-G1aHE7W0B434WWfN__33cWEINV_IOA_zlVVSK4xnjR3rKOhwQmjblw_lLHSEWtbmM4IegUlFjKqjTnWnVP5gGc5O2dneQhN02fHNHuM22digMBQzjThze1HzWtBY0UlHkXu-f7STkS2cfmNEtzow5oLpC8QHD10VrI5Rf9L_UZGvqLKR4fN8KqaVBgnxJqk7qgoNGpqNFA22CgqoTTmiRnlJfDbs5BhwKLVT-qEmX1sO0&p=3&v=1 |date=20160312011532 }} iyo 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{{Wayback|url=http://dev.cithosting.nl/SMSv2/ObjectResults.aspx?so=S7_LAA7VO1tftmOOmpAz73qceJn3aEqD2EG5syN9BfaiIT3Na4dcfN6mx4X51xP5_p9JCtKR_TAXJzn5CAFceH0HPk8QnAnmrPSpnkdsEWh69fT-m_Pq521wCi8QoUt7Qjl_4U7iAnUV9TEb0DFDSOxkMbDKYbLKGuwXFMAl3tFq3ZQtDn88yDXKcdxlQajcijF_4UPmlduX-r_KxgG0Uhn9pNTaFOjPvuJVa0O2cNixectDEm_H4qHVg6JPiDlC2OGVA6dac39cqmz4nEnV71hWEGjbJirajeMllunchBjm5Iwn72GyP3fpDPf43C_f9b_9uWzscTWyzlpx4HxDQ73sfao1vBFXYTUAwhx6-d2a19vU2AlvAuvboFT0aAMUiPC8N01rhaAEMhv0mQE-G1aHE7W0B434WWfN__33cWEINV_IOA_zlVVSK4xnjR3rKOhwQmjblw_lLHSEWtbmM4IegUlFjKqjTnWnVP5gGc5O2dneQhN02fHNHuM22digMBQzjThze1HzWtBY0UlHkXu-f7STkS2cfmNEtzow5oLpC8QHD10VrI5Rf9L_UZGvqLKR4fN8KqaVBgnxJqk7qgoNGpqNFA22CgqoTTmiRnlJfDbs5BhwKLVT-qEmX1sO0&p=2&v=1 |date=20160311153739 }}, SM's-Stedelijk Museum 's-Hertogenbosch/NL ==Taariikhda bandhigyada la doortay== Xigasho:<ref>{{cite web|title=Selected Exhibition History|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/PEM_artscape/pdf/nathan_begaye_reference-03.pdf|publisher=Peabody Essex Museum}}</ref> *''Farshaxanka Dadka Asalka ah ee Mareykanka ee Matxafka Farshaxanka, Boston'' ::Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA ::Nofeembar 20, 2010 – Diseembar 31, 2016 ​*''Socdaalka Xiisaha leh: Ururinta Grice ee Farshaxanka Dadka Asalka ah ee Mareykanka'' ::Mint Museum of Art, Charlotte, NC ::Luulyo 18, 2009 – Oktoobar 17, 2009 ​*''Isgoysyada: Farshaxanka Dadka Asalka ah ee Mareykanka ee Aragti Cusub'' ::Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA ::Juun 24, 2006 – Nofeembar 27, 2011 ​*''Ruuxa Xorta ah: Fannaanada Cusub ee Dhoobada ee Dadka Asalka ah ee Mareykanka'' ::Stedelijk Museum’s, Hertogenbosch, Netherlands ::2006 ​*''Laba-nimo: Nathan Begaye + Les Namingha + Dusty Naranjo'' ::Museum of Contemporary Native Arts, Santa Fe, NM ::May 12, 2006 – June 25, 2006 ​*''Farshaxanka Hindida Mareykanka ee Matxafka Farshaxanka ee Spencer'' ::Spencer Museum of Art, Jaamacadda Kansas, Lawrence, KS ::Sebteembar 6, 2003 - Oktoobar 19, 2003 ​*''Bandhigga Hindida: Jihooyin Cusub ee Dhoobada Dadka Asalka ah ee Mareykanka ee Koonfur-galbeed'' ::Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA ::Nofeembar 16, 2001 – Maarso 17, 2002 ​ ==Tixraac== {{reflist|30em}} ​ ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[:en:Diego Romero (artist)|Diego Romero]] ​{{Authority control}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Begaye, Nathan}} lb2v674ii02c7rtr85y7qyx14usrd4b 0 47727 310040 299095 2026-10-05T10:19:48Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ship <!-- commercial vessels --> | infobox_caption = <!-- keywords: yes, nodab; or caption text --> | display_title = <!-- keywords: none, ital; or article title with markup --> |section1={{Infobox ship/image | image = Stena Vinga.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = ''Stena Vinga'' sanadkii 2019 }} |section2={{Infobox ship/career | hide_header = | name = *2005-2018: ''Hammerodde'' *2018-ilaa hadda: ''Stena Vinga'' | owner = *2005-2017: [[BornholmerFærgen]] *2017-ilaa hadda: [[Stena Line]] | operator = *2005-2018: [[BornholmerFærgen]] *2018-2025: [[Stena Line]] *2023: Intershipping *2025-ilaa hadda: [[DFDS Seaways]] | registry = [[Gothenburg, Sweden|Gothenburg]], {{flag|Sweden|civi}}<ref>{{cite web |title=STENA VINGA [REG] |url=https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:159086/mmsi:266467000/imo:9323699/vessel:STENA_VINGA|accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}</ref> | route = * [[Portsmouth]]⇄[[Jersey]] | ordered = | builder = {{ill|Merwede Shipyard, Hardinxveld|nl}}, [[Netherlands]] | original_cost = | yard_number = | way_number = | laid_down = | launched = 11 Abriil 2005 | completed = | christened = | acquired = | maiden_voyage = | in_service = 2005 | out_of_service = | identification = *{{IMO Number|9323699}} *{{MMSI Number|266467000}} *[[Maritime call sign|Callsign]]: SBCT | fate = | status = {{Ship in active service}} | notes = }} |section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics | hide_header = | header_caption = | class = | type = [[Roll-on/roll-off|ROPAX]] kivuko | tonnage = {{GT|14,551}} | displacement = | length = {{convert|129.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | beam = {{convert|23.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | height = | draft = {{convert|5.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | depth = | hold_depth = | decks = | ramps = | power = *2 × [[Maschinenbau Kiel|MaK]] 9M32 diesel *4,320 kW midkiiba 600 rpm | propulsion = | speed = ugu badnaan {{convert|18.5|kn|lk=in}} | range = | boats = | capacity = *400 rakaab ah *200 baabuur *{{convert|1500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} xariijin baabuurta | crew = | notes = }} }} '''''Stena Vinga''''' waa kivuko [[roll-on/roll-off]] ah oo ay leedahay [[Stena Line]] ayna [[chartering (shipping)|kireysay]] [[DFDS Seaways]] oo ka shaqeeya inta u dhaxaysa [[Jersey]] ee [[Channel Islands]] iyo [[Portsmouth]], [[England]]. Waxaa la dhisay 2005 iyadoo lagu magacaabo '''''Hammerodde''''' shirkadda [[Bornholmstrafikken]] (oo hadhow noqotay BornholmerFærgen), waxayna ka shaqaynaysay adeegyadeeda [[Baltic Sea|Badda Baltic]]. Sannadkii 2017, waxaa iibsatay Stena Line, taas oo kooban u kireysay BornholmerFærgen, ka hor intaysan gelin adeegga shirkadda 2018 iyadoo magaceedu yahay ''Stena Vinga''. Tan iyo 2025, waxaa loo kireeyay DFDS, taas oo qorshaynaysa inay iibsato oo ay u beddesho magaceeda marka la gaaro Noofambar 2026. ==Taariikhda== ===Bornholmstrafikken/BornholmerFærgen=== [[File:BornholmerFærgen MS Hammerodde.jpg|thumb|left|''Hammerodde'' sanadkii 2005]] ''Hammerodde'' waxay gashay adeegga [[Bornholmstrafikken]] sanadkii 2005. Waxay ka shaqaynaysay waddooyin isku xira [[Køge]], [[Rønne]] iyo [[Ystad]], iyadoo sidoo kale dhammaystiraysay adeegyo qaar u dhexeeya Rønne iyo [[Sassnitz]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stena Vinga past & present|url=https://www.doverferryphotosforums.co.uk/mv-stena-vinga-past-and-present/|accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}</ref> Ka dib markii tan la sameeyay, 2010 waxaa lagu sameeyay dayactir iyo dib-u-dhis [[STX Europe]], [[Helsinki]] iyadoo lagu daray sagxad xamuul oo dheeri ah oo dhanka dambe ah, iyo sidoo kale 5m oo dherer ah oo ducktail sponson ah, badhka cusub iyo marawaxadaha.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Stena Vinga details|url=https://www.niferry.co.uk/stena-vinga-stena-line/|accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}</ref> ===Stena Line=== Sannadkii 2017, ''Hammerodde'' waxaa loo iibiyay [[Stena Line]] waxaana loo kireeyay [[Danske Færger]] ilaa dayrtii 2018, halkaas oo ay gashay adeegga Stena Line iyadoo loo bixiyay ''Stena Vinga'' wadada [[Gothenburg]] ilaa [[Frederikshavn]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stena Line buys Hammerodde|url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/stena-roro-acquires-hammerodde-from-danske-farger-as.aspx|accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-09-17 |title=STENA VINGA introduced on the Gothenburg-Frederikshavn service |url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/stena-vinga-introduced-on-the-gothenburg-frederikshavn-service.aspx |website=Shippax |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> Sannadkii 2020 waxay ku jirtay booskii ''[[Stena Horizon]]'' kaas oo loo sii daayay daboolka wadada [[Port of Holyhead|Holyhead]] ilaa [[Dublin]]. Maarso 21 2021 waxay ku soo noqotay inay u adeegto wadada Gothenburg ilaa Frederikshavn waxayna lahayd adeeggii ugu dambeeyay Maarso 26 2021. Waxay u adeegtay Travemünde iyo Liepāja muddo 4 bilood ah ka hor intaysan u beddelin waddooyin kala duwan bil kasta. Laga bilaabo Diseembar 18 2022 ilaa Janaayo 26 2023, waxay u adeegtay ''[[MS Stena Danica|Stena Danica]]'' intii lagu jiray dayactirka. Maarso 1 2023 waxay u adeegtay ''[[Stena Germanica (2000)|Stena Germanica]]'' ilaa Maarso 17 2023. ===Kireynta Intershipping=== Xagaagii 2023, ''Stena Vinga'' waxaa loo kireeyay Intershipping adeegyada ka gudba [[Strait of Gibraltar]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Kullenberg Rothvall |first=Christopher |date=2023-06-12 |title=Stena Vinga på charter till Medelhavet |url=https://www.sjofartstidningen.se/faerjetrafik/stena-vinga-pa-charter-till-medelhavet/195685 |trans-title=Stena Vinga on charter to the Mediterranean |work=Sjöfartstidning |language=Swedish |access-date=2026-05-05}}</ref> ===DFDS=== Diseembar 16 2024, ka dib go'aanka [[Jersey]] ee ahaa in loo magacaabo [[DFDS Seaways]] hawl-wadeenkooda kivukada<ref>{{cite web |title=DFDS wins Jersey ferry services contract|url=https://jerseyeveningpost.com/news/2024/12/03/dfds-wins-jersey-ferry-services-contract/| accessdate=20 Abriil 2025}}</ref> waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kireysanayaan ''Stena Vinga''.<ref>{{cite web |title=DFDS charters Stena Vinga for Jersey|url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/dfds-charters-stena-vinga-for-its-upcoming-jersey-service.aspx |accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}</ref> Horaantii Maarso 2025, waxay u dhooftay [[Portsmouth Harbour|Portsmouth]] si loo tijaabiyo. Maarso 18 2025, waxaa lagu tijaabiyay [[St Helier Harbour]]. Waxay gashay adeegga DFDS 10 maalmood ka dib inta u dhaxaysa Portsmouth iyo Jersey.<ref>{{cite web |title=DFDS begins Jersey contract|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvge2n2jvq3o|accessdate=28 Maarso 2025}}</ref> Maajo 5 2026, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in DFDS ay iibsan doonto ''Stena Vinga'', iyada oo leh qorshe ay ku beddesho magaceeda iyo calankeeda.<ref>{{cite news |date=2026-05-05 |title=DFDS to buy Stena Vinga |url=https://www.channel103.com/news/jersey/dfds-to-buy-stena-vinga/ |work=[[Channel 103]] |access-date=2026-05-05}}</ref> DFDS waxay ku dhawaaqday Juun 2026 in magacaabista markabka ay ka dhalan doonto codbixin dadweyne, oo laga soo xulay liis gaaban oo laga soo saaray talooyinka dadweynaha.<ref name="JEP1">{{cite news |title=Embed yourself in Jersey history by naming the new DFDS ship with the Our Ship, Your Name competition |url=https://jerseyeveningpost.com/competitions/2026/06/12/embed-your-self-in-jersey-history-by-naming-the-new-dfds-ship-with-the-our-ship-your-name-competition/ |access-date=23 Juun 2026 |work=Jersey Evening Post |date=12 Juun 2026 |archive-date=2026-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260628054805/https://jerseyeveningpost.com/competitions/2026/06/12/embed-your-self-in-jersey-history-by-naming-the-new-dfds-ship-with-the-our-ship-your-name-competition/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Qaab-dhismeedka== Kivukada [[roll-on/roll-off]] waxay leedahay dherer guud oo dhan 129.9 mitir, balac dhan 23.4 m iyo qoto dheer oo ah 5.6 m, miisaanka guud waa 14,551 GT. Mishiinada wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba [[Maschinenbau Kiel|MaK]] 9M32 diesel 8640&nbsp;kW (38,500 HP) taas oo u oggolaanaysa xawaare adeeg oo ugu badnaan ah {{convert|18.5|kn}}. 400 rakaab ah iyo 200 baabuur ayaa la dejin karaa dusha markabka.<ref name="auto1"/> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://www.dfds.com/en/passenger-ferries Bogga rasmiga ah ee DFDS Seaways] *[https://stenaline.com Bogga rasmiga ah ee Stena Line] 7s7dblhof55ts4ytazp2z96iufrcxsu 0 48481 310018 300624 2026-10-05T01:14:06Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Bamboes Spruit | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[North West Province, South Africa|North West]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[North West Province, South Africa|Gobolka North West]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|27|33|9|S|25|51|10|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1230|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] | mouth_location = [[Bloemhof Dam|Biyo-xireenka Bloemhof]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Bamboes Spruit''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Bamboesspruit, waa [[webi]] ku yaal gobolka [[North West Province, South Africa|North West]] ee dalka [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka tirsan [[Vaal River|Webiga weyn ee Vaal]], wuxuuna ku dhex shubmaa [[Bloemhof Dam|Biyo-xireenka Bloemhof]]. ==Eeg sidoo kale== * [[List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa|Liiska kaydadka biyaha iyo biyo-xireennada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] == Tixraac == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110622074922/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/riverssa/defaultb.htm] laga helo e-wise * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040522023711/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm List of South African Dams] laga helo [[Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa)|Wasaaradda Arrimaha Biyaha iyo Duurjoorta (Koonfur Afrika)]] f7uvtz5teq6srwr7q06w0qa2c1zn2hr 0 48494 310042 300829 2026-10-05T11:25:15Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Doring | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu ku yaal afka Webiga Doring/Oudrif <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Woqooyi-bari ee [[Ceres, Western Cape|Ceres]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Sida Webiga Oudrif | mouth_location = Isku-darka | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|31|52|26|S|18|38|23|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|44|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Dore.jpg | thumb | right]] '''Webiga Doring''' ({{langx|af|Doringrivier}}) waa webi ku yaal [[Western Cape Province|Gobolka Western Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay nidaamka [[Olifants/Doring River|Webiga Olifants/Doring]].<ref>[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverWCDoring/DoringRiver.htm Rivers in South Africa - Doring River]</ref> Magaca 'Doring' waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa qayb ka mid ah Webiga Sout, oo ah laan kale oo Olifants ah, bartamaha marinkiisa.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA17OlifantsDoorn.jpg Olifants/Doorn WMA 17]</ref> ==Marinka== Webiga Doring wuxuu ka bilaawdaa woqooyi-bari ee [[Ceres, Western Cape|Ceres]] wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Olifants River (Western Cape)|Webiga Olifants]] u dhow magaalada [[Klawer]] asagoo ah Webiga Oudrif ka dib marka uu la kulmo Webiga Koebee. Laamaha ku biira waxaa ka mid ah Webiga Tankwa, [[Riet River (Doring)|Webiga Riet]], Webiga Wolf iyo Webiga Brandewyn.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA17OlifantsDoorn.jpg Olifants/Doorn WMA 17]</ref> ==Deegaanka== Kalluunka [[Clanwilliam Yellowfish]] (''Labeobarbus capensis''), oo ah nooc deegaanka u [[endemism|gaar ah]] oo ay [[IUCN]] u kala saartay inuu yahay [[Vulnerable species|mid u nugul baaba'a]], ayaa laga helaa Doring iyo webiyada kale ee dooxadiisa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |title=Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007 |access-date=2012-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |archive-date=2017-06-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/1483-1-09.pdf The Influence of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Temperature on the Distribution, Habitat, Use and Recruitment of Threatened Cyprinids in a Western Cape River, South Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/1483-1-09.pdf |date=20160304083759 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083759/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/1483-1-09.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040522023711/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm List of South African Dams] from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) njh534a1tv9blbpoqal6m8q789pkn6y 0 48510 310041 300678 2026-10-05T11:23:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bushman's | native_name = {{native name|zu|uMtshezi}}<ref>A. J. P. Opperman, The Battle of Blood River. CUM Books, Roodepoort, 1982. First edition, First impression. {{ISBN|0 86984 265 X}}. Page 4</ref><ref>[http://www.salanguages.com/munnames.htm South African Languages - Place names]</ref> | native_name_lang = | name_other = Boesmansrivier | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Wagendrift-damwal in Boesmansrivier.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Bushman's ee [[Wagendrift Dam|Biyo-xireenka Wagendrift]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu ku yaal afka Webiga Bushman's <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name3 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Wagendrift Dam|Biyo-xireenka Wagendrift]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|358|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Drakensberg]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Tugela River|Webiga Tugela]], [[Weenen]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|45|39|S|29|57|21|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Bushman's''' ({{langx|af|Boesmansrivier}}) waa laan ka mid ah [[Tugela River|Webiga Tugela]] oo u qulqusha dhanka bari ilaa waqooyi-bari, kuna taal gobolka [[KwaZulu-Natal]] ee dalka [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa silsiladda [[Drakensberg Mountain|Buuraha Drakensberg]], iyadoo qaybta sare ee biyo-qabatinadiisa ay ku taal [[Giant's Castle Game Reserve|Kaydka Duurjoogta ee Giant's Castle]], waqooyiga buurta Giant's Castle. Wuxuu quudiyaa [[Wagendrift Dam|Biyo-xireenka Wagendrift]] ka dibna wuxuu soo maraa magaalada [[Estcourt]] si uu ugu biiro [[Tugela River|Webiga Tugela]] oo u dhow magaalada [[Weenen]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiversSA/defaultb.htm |title=Rivers in South Africa - e-wise |access-date=2009-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622074922/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/riverssa/defaultb.htm |archive-date=2011-06-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Laamihiisa waxaa ka mid ah [[Little Bushmans River|Webiga Little Bushmans]] oo kula biira Webiga Bushmans magaalada Estcourt, Rensburgspruit, [[Mtontwanes River|Webiga Mtontwanes]] iyo [[Mugwenya River|Webiga Mugwenya]]. [[Wagendrift Dam|Biyo-xireenka Wagendrift]] oo u dhow Estcourt waa kaydkiisa biyaha ee ugu weyn. Dhowr tuulo oo miyi ah oo dadku ku badan yihiin, oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay deggen yihiin dadka ''[[Hlubi|amaHlubi]]'', ayaa laga helaa aagga sare ee biyo-qabatinka webiga.<ref>{{cite book |title = Barrier of Spears - Drama of the Drakensberg |first = R.O. |last = Pearce |publisher = Howard Timins |isbn = 0-86978-050-6 |pages = 3–13 |year = 1973}}</ref> Webiga waxaa dhanka waqooyi ka xiga [[Bloukrans River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Bloukrans]] dhanka koonfurta na waxaa ka xiga [[Mooi River (river, KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Mooi]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040522023711/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm Liiska Biyo-xireennada Koonfur Afrika] [[Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa)|Wasaaradda Arrimaha Biyaha iyo Kaymaha (Koonfur Afrika)]] jjkfz59053m47zxgk4tbpa6af8x5hxx 0 49175 310024 302581 2026-10-05T04:47:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Kigoma | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Kigoma}}}} | nickname = Gobolka Qorrax-dhaca ee Tanzania | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Tanzania|Gobol]] | named_for = [[Kigoma]] <!-- images and maps ----------->| image_skyline = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Lake shore in Kagongo Ward.jpg |photo2a = Kigoma High Court, Bangwe Ward, Kigoma.jpg |photo3a = Mango Row, Kagera Ward, Kigoma-Ujiji.jpg |spacing = 2 |space = 2 |size = 225 |position = center |color_border = white |color = white | foot_montage = '''Laga bilaabo kor ilaa hoos:'''<br /> [[Harada Tanganyika]] oo ku taal Degmada Kagongo, [[Degmada Kigoma]], Maxkamadda Sare ee Kigoma iyo safka geedaha cambaha ee taariikhiga ah ee Ujiji}} | image_map = Tanzania Kigoma location map.svg | map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Tanzania <!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates = {{coord|4|52|56.64|S|29|39|41.4|E|type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Aag | subdivision_name1 = Galbeedka | established_title = Gobol Maamuleed | established_date = | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Kigoma]] | parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|Degmooyin]] | p1 = [[Degmada Kigoma-Ujiji]] | leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Gobolka | leader_name = Thobias Andengenye | p2 = [[Degmada Kasulu]] | p3 = [[Kasulu|Golaha Magaalada Kasulu]] | p4 = [[Degmada Buhigwe]] | p5 = [[Degmada Kakonko]] | p6 = [[Degmada Kibondo]] | p7 = [[Degmada Uvinza]] | p8 = [[Degmada Kigoma]] <!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2 = 37,040 | area_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|8 ka mid ah 31]] | elevation_max_m = 1,917 | elevation_max_point = Kicherere <!-- Population ----------------------->| population_total = 2,470,967 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|10 ka mid ah 31]] | population_demonym = Kigoman | population_footnotes = {{r|2022_census}} | demographics_type1 = [[Liiska qabaa'ilka Tanzania|Qabaa'ilka]] | demographics1_title1 = Dadka soo degay | demographics1_info1 = [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]], [[Carab|Carab]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Kongo]] & [[Burundi]]yiin | demographics1_title2 = Dadka u dhashay | demographics1_info2 = [[Dadka Ha|Ha]], [[Dadka Vinza|Vinza]], [[Dadka Tongwe|Tongwe]], [[Dadka Jiji|Jiji]] & [[Dadka Holoholo|Holoholo]] | timezone1 = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Koodhka boostada | postal_code = 47xxx | area_code = 028 | iso_code = TZ-05<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:TZ|title= IS0 3166|publisher=ISO|access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.520<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2018-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Tanzania ee Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|19 ka mid ah 25]] | website = {{URL|http://kigoma.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} | module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes |country = Tanzania |mammal = [[File:Schimpanse Pan troglodytes Zoo Augsburg-05.jpg|50px|left]][[Daanyeer|Daanyeerka Chimpansiga]] |bird = [[File:Die Vogel Ost-Afrikas. Baron Carl Claus von Deer Decken's Reisen in Ost-Africa. Bd. 4 (1870) (20923923426).jpg|50px|left]] [[Livingstone's turaco]] |fish = [[File:Cyphotilapia frontosa - Karlsruhe Zoo 01.jpg|50px|left]] [[Cyphotilapia frontosa|Frontosa Kigoma]] |butterfly = [[File:Large striped swordtail (Graphium antheus) male underside Bobiri.jpg|50px|left]] [[Graphium antheus|Balanbaalis weyn]] |tree = [[File:Zanthoxylum gilletii-Africa Museum (2).jpg|50px|left]] [[East African Satinwood]] |mineral = [[File:Rock salt (halitite) (Klodawa Salt Dome, Zechstein Formation, Upper Permian; Klodawa Salt Mine, central Poland) 1 (15953564096).jpg|50px|left]] [[Halite|Milixda dhagaxa]] }} }} '''Gobolka Kigoma''' ({{langx|sw|Mkoa wa Kigoma}}) waa mid ka mid ah 31 [[Gobolada Tanzania|gobol maamuleed]] ee [[Tanzania]], iyadoo magaalada [[Kigoma]] ay tahay caasimadda gobolka. Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay [[Gobolka Kagera]], [[Gobolka Geita]], [[Gobolka Katavi]], [[Gobolka Tabora]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Kongo]] iyo [[Burundi]]. Sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka qaranka ee 2012, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dadweyne dhan 2,127,930, taas oo ka sarreysay saadaashii tirakoobka ka horreeyay oo ahayd 1,971,332.<ref name="2012 Census">[http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf Qaybinta Dadweynaha ee unugyada maamulka, Jamhuuriyadda Midowga Tanzania, 2013]</ref>{{rp|page 2}} Intii u dhaxaysay 2002–2012, heerka koritaanka dadweynaha ee gobolka oo ahaa 2.4 boqolkiiba sanadkii ayaa ahaa kii 14-aad ee ugu sarreeyay dalka.<ref name="2012 Census"/>{{rp|page 4}} Waxa kale oo uu ahaa gobolka 16-aad ee ugu dadka badan oo leh 57 qof halkii kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.<ref name="2012 Census"/>{{rp|page 6}} Iyada oo leh cabbir dhan {{convert|45066|km2|mi2}},<ref>[http://www.nbs.go.tz/takwimu/references/Abstract2011.zip Ururinta Tirakoobka 2011, Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka ee Tanzania]</ref> gobolku wuxuu wax yar ka yar yahay [[Estonia]] ({{convert|45227|km2|mi2}}). == Juqraafi == [[File:Malagarasi River.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Inta badan Gobolka Kigoma oo muujinaya [[Wabiga Malagarasi]].]] Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu ku yaalaa geeska waqooyi-galbeed ee Tanzania, xeebta bari ee [[Harada Tanganyika]]. Gobolku wuxuu ku yaalaa qiyaastii 5° koonfur iyo 30° bari ee Greenwich waxaana xuduud la leh dhanka waqooyi [[Burundi]] iyo [[Gobolka Kagera]]. Dhanka bari, waxaa xuduud la leh [[Gobolka Geita]] iyo [[Gobolka Tabora]], dhanka koonfurna [[Gobolka Katavi]], iyo dhanka galbeedna [[Harada Tanganyika]], taas oo xuduud la leh [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web | ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}} | date=December 1998 | publisher=Guddiga Qorshaynta, Dar es Salaam, iyo Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Gobolka, Kigoma | title=Gobolka Kigoma: Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha-Bulshada | page=1 | url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf | access-date=2026-07-13 | archive-date=2004-05-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Multiple image |align= right |direction = vertical |width= 220 |header_align = left/right/center |footer_align = left/right/center |header_background = |footer_background = |image1 = Uvinza Salt, Uvinza Ward.jpg |caption1 = Milixda Uvinza oo laga qoday [[Degmada Uvinza]]. |image2 = Nyerere House Marker, Kitongoni Ward, Ujiji.jpg |caption2 = Calaamadda guriga [[Julius Nyerere|Nyerere]] ee [[Kitongoni]]. |image3 = Swahili home, Kigoma Ward.jpg |caption3 = Guriga [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]] ee Degmada Kigoma. |image4 = Kigoma habor from Kibirizi Ward.jpg |caption4 = Dekedda Kigoma oo laga arkay [[Kibirizi]] |image5 = Lake Tanganyika view, Kigoma Ward.jpg |caption5 = [[Harada Tanganyika]] oo laga arkay Degmada Kigoma }} Bedka guud ee gobolku waa {{convert|45066|km2}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |title=Tirakoobka Qaranka ee Beeraha 2002/03: Qaybta Vq: Warbixinta Gobolka: Gobolka Kagera, Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka ee Tanzania, Diseembar 2007, bogga 1 |access-date=2013-05-15 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> kaas oo {{Convert|37037|sqkm|sqmi|0}} uu yahay dhul iyo {{Convert|8029|sqkm|sqmi|0}} uu yahay biyo.<ref name="Economic-profile"/> Bedka guud ee gobolku waa {{convert|161|km2}} oo kaliya in ka yar kan Estonia. Sida laga soo xigtay 1998, qiyaastii {{convert|20,000|km2}} waxay ahaayeen kaymo iyo {{convert|12,000|km2}} waxay ku habboon yihiin daaqsin ama beerasho.<ref name="Economic-profile"/> Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu ku yaalaa buuraley u janjeerta dhanka waqooyi-bari ilaa {{convert|1,750|m}} hoos u dhac ku timaada {{convert|800|m}} xeebta harada Tanganyika.<ref name="SEP-2">{{harvnb|Planning|1998|page=2}}</ref> Dhulka ku yaal waqooyiga iyo bari waa buuro si tartiib ah u rogmanaya kuwaas oo si tartiib tartiib ah u noqda kuwa dhaadheer marka ay u dhowaadaan xadka [[Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Wabiga ugu muhiimsan waa [[Wabiga Malagarasi|Malagarasi]], iyadoo [[Wabiga Luiche|Luiche]] iyo [[Wabiga Ruchugi|Ruchugi]] ay yihiin labada wabi ee kale ee waaweyn ee gobolka ka daata.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Taariikh == [[File:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Stanley oo la kulmaya Livingstone]] Afrika ka hor gumeysiga, gobolku wuxuu ahaa isha foolmaroodiga iyo addoonta.<ref name="History">{{Citation|author=Madaxa Xafiiska Gobolka, Kigoma |year=2011 |chapter=2.0 Taariikhda Kooban ee Gobolka |title=Taarifa ya Miaka 50 ya Uhuru wa Tanzania Mkoa wa Kigoma (Macluumaadka ku saabsan 50 sano ee Xorriyadda Tanzania: Kigoma) |language=Swahili |publisher=Xafiiska Ra'iisul Wasaaraha |pages=4&ndash;7}}</ref> [[Tabora]] iyo [[Ujiji]] waxay ahaayeen goobo ay Carabtu ka maamulaan raritaanka xeebta.<ref>{{Cite book | title=Into Africa: Tacaburkii Epic ee Stanley iyo Livingstone |last=Dugard |first=Martin | year=2004 | publisher=Broadway Books | location=New York | page=[https://archive.org/details/intoafrica00mart/page/68 68] | isbn=978-0-7679-1074-3}}</ref> Waxaa booqday sahamiyayaashii hore ee Yurub [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]], [[John Speke]], [[David Livingstone]], iyo [[Henry Morton Stanley]]. Dhab ahaantii, Stanley wuxuu la kulmay Livingstone magaalada Ujiji ee xeebta Harada Tanganyika 27 Oktoobar 1871.<ref>{{Harvnb|Dugard|2004|page=266}}</ref> Wakhtigii gumeysiga, aagga Kigoma waxaa loo yaqaanay Gobolka Galbeedka caasimadduna waxay ahayd Tabora.<ref name="History" /> == Qaybaha maamulka == === Degmooyin === Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu u qaybsamaa lix [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|degmo]], mid kasta oo ay maamusho gole marka laga reebo Kigoma iyo Kasulu oo midkiiba lagu maamulo laba gole:<ref name="2012 Census"/> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" | Degmooyinka Gobolka Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" ! Khariidad ! style="width: 10em" | Degmada ! ! style="width: 10em" | Dadka<br>(2012) |- | rowspan=9 | [[File:Kigoma in Tanzania.svg|250px]] | [[Degmada Buhigwe]] |Golaha Degmada Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" | 254,342 |- | [[Degmada Kakonko]] |Golaha Degmada Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" | 167,555 |- | [[Degmada Kasulu]] |Golaha Degmada Reer Miyiga ee Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" | 425,794 |- | |Golaha Degmada Magaalada Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" | 208,244 |- | [[Degmada Kibondo]] |Golaha Degmada Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" | 261,331 |- | [[Degmada Kigoma]] |Golaha Degmada Reer Miyiga ee Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" | 211,566 |- | |Golaha Degmada Magaalada Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" | 215,458 |- | [[Degmada Uvinza]] |Golaha Degmada Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" | 383,640 |- | '''Wadarta''' | | style="text-align:right;" | '''2,127,930''' |} == Dadka == Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu leeyahay dadweyne dhan 2,127,930.<ref name=Census>{{cite web|page=103|title=Tirakoobka dadka iyo guryaha 2012: qaybinta dadweynaha ee aagagga maamulka|publisher=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka|url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf}}</ref> [[Dadka Ha|Dadka Ha]] ayaa ah qowmiyadda ugu weyn ee halkan ku nool, iyadoo ay weheliyaan dad kale oo muhiim ah oo ka tirsan Wabembe, [[Wamanyema]], [[Tongwe|Watongwe]] iyo [[Vinza|Wavinza]], [[Dadka Sukuma|Sukuma]] iyo [[Dadka Haya|Haya]]. Qiyaastii 150,000 oo qaxooti ah oo ka yimid [[Burundi]] iyo ku dhawaad 80,000 oo kale oo qaxooti ah oo ka yimid [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]] ayaa ku nool saddex [[xeryaha qaxootiga|xero qaxooti]] oo ku yaal Gobolka Kigoma, oo la yiraahdo [[Nyarugusu]], [[Mtendeli]] iyo [[Nduta]]. == Dadka caanka ah ee Gobolka Kigoma == * [[Godfrey Mwakikagile]], qoraa * [[Ali Kiba]], fannaan == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="2022_census">{{cite web |title=Matokeo ya Sensa |url=https://sensa.nbs.go.tz/ |website=sensa.nbs.go.tz |publisher=[[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)]] |access-date=1 November 2022 |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]] |language=sw}}</ref> }} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Sister project links | wikt=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no | mw=no | display=Gobolka Kigoma}} * {{URL|http://kigoma.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} {{Authority control}} n9h6bfpputlkjxaotdxs57jh748temb 0 49225 310017 302282 2026-10-05T00:26:07Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo = Schloss.Ahrensburg.wmt.jpg |image_caption = Qasriga Ahrensburg |image_coa = Wappen_Ahrensburg.svg |image_flag=Flagge_Ahrensburg.svg|coordinates = {{coord|53|40|29|N|10|14|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ahrensburg in OD.svg |state = |district = Stormarn |elevation = 46 |area = 35.29 |postal_code = 22926 |area_code = 04102 |licence = OD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 62 001 |divisions = 5 |website = [https://www.ahrensburg.de/ www.ahrensburg.de] |mayor = Eckart Boege |party = SPD }} '''Ahrensburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːʁənsˌbʊʁk|-|Ahrensburg.ogg}}; [[Northern Low Saxon]]: ''Ahrensborg'') waa [[town|magaalo]] ka tirsan [[Stormarn (district)|degmada Stormarn]] ee [[German state|gobolka Jarmalka]] ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. Waxay ku taallaa waqooyi-bari ee [[Hamburg]] waana qayb ka mid ah [[Hamburg Metropolitan Region]]. Dadkeedu waa qiyaastii 31,000. ''Schloss Ahrensburg'', oo ah astaanta magaalada, waa qasriga [[Renaissance|Renaissance]] oo soo taxnaa sanadkii 1595. ==Juqraafi== Ahrensburg waxay ku taallaa ''Tunneltal'', halkaas oo [[Alfred Rust]] uu ka qoday waxyaabo badan oo soo taxnaa ilaa [[ice age|xilligii barafka]]. Ahrensburg waxay ku taallaa agteeda [[Autobahn]] ''A1'' iyo khadka tareenka ee u dhexeeya magaalooyinka Hanseatic ee [[Hamburg]] iyo [[Lübeck]]. ==Taariikh== ===Taariikhdii hore=== Ahrensburger ''Tunneltal'' waa meel laga helay qoditaanno badan oo ka tirsan dhaqanka [[Upper Paleolithic]]. Dhaqankan waxaa loo yaqaan [[Ahrensburg culture]] oo ay qoreen dadka cilmiga qadiimiga barata. ===Dhexe ee qarniyadii=== Magaaladu waxay soo taxnayd qarnigii 13-aad, markii [[Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein|Counts of Schauenburg]] ay aasaaseen tuulada Woldenhorn (oo markii dambe noqotay magaalada Ahrensburg) iyo tuulooyinka deriska la ah ee Ahrensfelde, Meilsdorf iyo Beimoor. Woldenhorn waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay sanadkii 1314. Tuuladu waxay timid hantida [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] [[Reinfeld Abbey]] sanadkii 1327, Woldenhorn waxay noqotay xarunta [[Vogt|reeve]] ee kaniisadda ilaa bartamihii qarnigii 16-aad. "Arx Arnsburga", oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan qasriga Arnesvelde, waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii sanadkii 1200. Burburka qasriga ayaa weli laga arki karaa kaynta Hagen ee koonfurta magaalada. Astaanta magaaladu waxay muujinaysaa qasriga oo ku yaal garoonka sare. Waxaa jira diiwaanno reeves ah oo ku salaysan qasriga 1295 iyo 1304. Sanadkii 1326, Count [[John III, Count of Holstein-Plön|John III]] oo ka tirsan Schauenburg ayaa u raray reevekii [[Trittau]] wuxuuna ka tagay qasriga. ===Xilligii casriga=== Ka dib kala diristii kaniisadaha sababtoo ah [[Protestant Reformation|Dib-u-habaynta]], dhammaan aagga ayaa ku yimid hantida boqorka [[Denmark]]. Wuxuu ku abaalmariyay guudarkiisa [[Daniel Rantzau]] 1567 oo leh sayidnimada tuulooyinkan. Walaalkiis iyo dhaxalkiisii Peter Rantzau wuxuu dhisay [[Renaissance|Renaissance]] [[Schloss Ahrensburg|Qasriga Ahrensburg]] oo ah qaab qasri biyo ah, hadda waa astaanta magaalada, iyo kaniisadda qasriga qiyaastii 1595. Dhismaha almshouses si toos ah kaniisadda waxay ahayd mid tusaale ah. "Hantida Ahrensburg" waxay ka tirsan tahay waxa loogu yeero [[Noble Estate|Noble Estates]], oo haystay xorriyad iyo is-maamul badan. Hantida Rantzaus ayaa si weyn loo daahiyay bartamihii qarnigii 18-aad iyo, 1759, waxaa helay ganacsade [[Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann]]. Schimmelmann wuxuu dib u qaabeeyay qasriga iyo tuulada qaabka [[baroque]] iyo qaabeynta hadda ee magaalada ayaa ka tarjumaysa qorshayaashan. 7 Juun 1867 tuulada hantida Woldenhorn waxay noqotay bulsho madax-bannaan oo [[Prussia|Prussia]] ah waxayna u magacawday nafteeda ''Ahrensburg'' ka dib go'aan ka soo baxay golaha bulshada. Waxay ka tirsanayd "Amt Ahrensburg", oo laga soo bilaabo "amtsfreie" bulshada mar kale ka go'day 1912. Dhismaha tareenka u dhexeeya [[Hamburg]] iyo [[Lübeck]] sanadkii 1865 ayaa ka dhigay Ahrensburg meel caan ah oo loogu talagalay safarada ka baxsan Hamburg iyo tirada dadka deggan ayaa kordhay. Sanadkii 1910, dadku waxay gaareen 2,750. Midowga tuulooyinka ku hareeraysan sanadkii 1928 waxay keentay koror ku yimid aagga magaalada ilaa qiyaastii 5&nbsp;km². Dhismaha degsiimooyinka "Daheim/Heimgarten" (oo qayb ahaan ku yaal dhulka bulshada hadda ee [[Ammersbek]]) iyo "Am Hagen" (asal ahaan loo yaqaan "[[Franz Seldte]] Settlement") ayaa bilaabmay 1933. Degdegta dadka deggan oo ka yimid agagaarka Hamburg waxay horseeday abuurista qaabka guriyeynta hadda. Markii Ahrensburg ay heshay [[city rights|xuquuqda magaalada]] 1949, magaaladu waxay lahayd qiyaastii 17,775 oo qof - qiyaastii kala badh oo ay ahaayeen qaxooti ka yimid gobollada Jarmalka ee bari ee hore. Erica Keck, oo loo doortay duqa magaalada 1950, waxay noqotay haweenaydii ugu horreysay ee loo doorto duqa magaalada Jarmalka. Shirkadda Hela Gewürzwerk Hermann Laue waxay u raray kursigeeda Hamburg ilaa Ahrensburg intii u dhaxaysay 1989 iyo 1991.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Albrod |first=Bettina |date=2025-12-14 |title=Ahrensburg: Die Stormarner Ketchup-Firma Hela wird 120 Jahre alt |url=https://www.ln-online.de/lokales/stormarn/ahrensburg-die-stormarner-ketchup-firma-hela-wird-120-jahre-alt-5SWY2E6LVRGWXMKWZ2WH4DVWEM.html |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=www.ln-online.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-24 |title=Geschichte - Hela.eu |url=https://www.hela.eu/unternehmen/geschichte/ |access-date=2025-12-17 |language=de-DE}}</ref> ==Diinta== Ahrensburg waxay ahayd xarunta Stormarn [[Provost (religion)|Provost]] ee kaniisadda Lutheran laga bilaabo 1823 ilaa 1899. Magaaladu waxay lahayd [[Jewish community|bulsho Yuhuudi ah]] oo yar ilaa bilowgii 1930-meeyadii. [[Synagogue|Synagoga]] waa la gubay intii lagu jiray [[Kristallnacht]] 1938 intii lagu jiray xilligii [[Nazism|Nazism-ka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cad-cook.architektur.tu-darmstadt.de/synagogen/main.php?SYN=f3827676e086e0088b8d863bd8000edf&page=Synagogen/Detail&id=1457 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813011805/http://cad-cook.architektur.tu-darmstadt.de/synagogen/main.php?SYN=f3827676e086e0088b8d863bd8000edf&page=Synagogen%2FDetail&id=1457 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-08-13 |title=Internet-Archiv "Synagogen in Deutschland" der TU Darmstadt |publisher=Cad-cook.architektur.tu-darmstadt.de |access-date=2014-03-11 }}</ref> [[Jewish cemetery|Qabuuraha]] Yuhuudda (oo la furay 1822) ayaa weli laga arki karaa geeska magaalada (Ahrensburg-West). ==Siyaasadda== Tan iyo doorashadii deegaanka ee 26 Maajo 2013,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ahrensburg.de/B%C3%BCrger-Stadt/Politik/Wahlen/index.php?La=1&NavID=2603.35&object=tx,1483.1533.1&kat=&kuo=2&sub=0|title=Wahlen / Ahrensburg|date=2017-05-31|website=www.ahrensburg.de|access-date=2017-01-05}} {{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> golaha magaalada wuxuu ka kooban yahay sida soo socota: {| class="wikitable" |+ Qaybinta codka iyo kuraasta golaha deegaanka |- ! Xisbi ! Boqolkiiba codka guud ! Tirada kuraasta golaha |- | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] | 34.5% | 11 kursi |- | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] | 27.8% | 8 kursi |- | WAB | 12.0% | 4 kursi |- | [[Alliance '90/The Greens|GRÜNE]] | 19.3% | 6 kursi |- | [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] | 6.4% | 2 kursi |} ==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah – magaalooyinka walaalaha ah== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Ahrensburg waa [[Sister city|mataano]] la leh:<ref>{{cite web |title=Ahrensburgs Partnerstädte|url=https://www.ahrensburg.de/B%C3%BCrger-Stadt/St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften|website=ahrensburg.de|publisher=Ahrensburg|language=de|access-date=2020-11-04}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Esplugues de Llobregat]], Spain *{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Feldkirchen in Kärnten]], Austria *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Ludwigslust]], Germany *{{flagicon|EST}} [[Viljandi]], Estonia ==Dadka caanka ah== * [[Waldemar Bonsels]] (1880–1952), qoraaga '' Maya the Bee and her adventures '' * [[Jonathan Meese]] (dhashay 1970), farshaxan. Wuxuu ku koray Ahrensburg, wuxuu dhigtay Iskuulka Stormarn wuxuuna ku nool yahay Ahrensburg. ===Dadka la xiriira magaalada=== * [[Dagmar Berghoff]] (dhashay 1943), soo-jeediye telefishan iyo atariisho * [[Wolfgang Kieling]] (1924–1987), atoore * [[Hellmuth von Mücke]] (1881–1957), sarkaal badda, siyaasi iyo qoraa * [[Benedikt Pliquett]] (dhashay 1984), goolhayaha * [[Christian Tümpel]] (1937–2009), bare jaamacadeed, culimada diinta iyo taariikhyahan farshaxan ee [[Nijmegen]] * [[Daniela Ziegler]] (dhashay 1948), atariisho * [[Axel Zwingenberger]] (dhashay 1955), boogie-woogie pianist === Muwaadin sharaf leh === * 1965 – [[Alfred Rust]] (1900–1983), [[archeologist|cilmiga qadiimiga]], muran ka dhashay xubinnimadiisa kooxda NS [[Ahnenerbe]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category}} *{{in lang|de}} [http://www.evj-ahrensburg.de/ evj-ahrensburg.de] *{{in lang|de}} {{Official website}} *{{in lang|de|en}} [https://www.schloss-ahrensburg.de/ Schloss Ahrensburg] *{{in lang|de}} [https://ahrensburg.city ahrensburg.wiki] {{Authority control}} 74fx0m63b0fdkk5m1gb88bpri3gu8jc 0 49641 310019 303384 2026-10-05T01:18:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310019 wikitext text/x-wiki __FORCETOC__ {{Infobox German place | name = Bargebur | Art = Stadtteil | Town = [[Norden, Lower Saxony|Norden]] | Wappen = | coordinates = {{coord|53|35|45|N|07|13|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | Bundesland = | Höhe = | Fläche = 0.648 | Einwohner = 493 | Stand = 2016-12-31 | PLZ = 26506 | Vorwahl = 04931 | Lageplan = Norden-Bargebur.svg | Lageplanbeschreibung = Location of Bargebur within the borough of Norden }} '''Bargebur''' waa meel magaalo ah oo ku taalla bariga degmada [[Norden (East Frisia)|Norden]], waqooyi-galbeed ee Jarmalka, waxayna leedahay dad ku dhow 500 oo qof (ilaa 12/2016),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.norden.de/index.phtml?mNavID=1.100&sNavID=549.20&La=1#5 |title=Norden.de: Einwohnerzahl nach Ortsteilen |access-date=2017-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506084450/http://norden.de/index.phtml?mNavID=1.100&sNavID=549.20&La=1#5 |archive-date=2017-05-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> oo ku nool dhul badkiisu yahay kaliya 0.65 km².<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.norden.de/index.phtml?mNavID=1.100&sNavID=549.48&La=1 |title=Norden.de: Ortsteile der Stadt Norden |access-date=2017-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001030821/https://www.norden.de/index.phtml?mNavID=1.100&sNavID=549.48&La=1 |archive-date=2017-10-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Guryaha Bargebur waxay gabi ahaanba ku dhex milmeen goobta dhismaha ee Norden. Koonfurta meesha, oo ay kala qaybiso [[Bundesstraße_72|B72]], oo u dhaqanta sida [[ring road|jid wareeg ah]] oo ku teedsan Norden halkan, waa ''Tidofelder Holz'', oo ah dhul-beereed ku yaal munisipaliteetka dariska ah ee [[Lütetsburg]]. Ku teedsan Fehn Canal wuxuu maraa kan loo yaqaan ''Verschönerungsweg''. Map-yada hore Bargebur waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa ''Bergum'' ama ''Westekelbur''. == Taariikhda == Magaaladii Norden waxay u diadday dadkii [[Reformed Church|Masiixiyiinta Dib-u-habaynta]] in ay ka dhistaan kaniisaddooda gudaheeda goobta magaalada ee waagaas. Natiijo ahaan, Count of Lütetsburg, [[Dodo II of Innhausen and Knyphausen]], wuxuu u ogolaaday inay ka dhistaan dhulkiisa, oo u dhowaa carka munisipaliteetka. Magaalada Norden waxay dhismaha kaniisadda ka dhigtay mid dhib badan iyadoo sameysay weeraro, oo sababay khasaare hantiyeed, ilaa Masiixigii Dib-u-habaynta, Grand Elector [[Frederick William, the Great Elector|Frederick William]] ee [[Brandenburg]], oo qabsaday [[Greetsiel]] xilligan, wuxuu u soo diray ciidamo halkaas sanadkii 1684, kuwaas oo ilaalay dhismaha. 1 Luuliyo 1972, Bargebur, oo ka tirsanayd munisipaliteetka [[Lütetsburg]] ilaa waqtigaas, waxaa lagu daray magaalada Norden.<ref>{{citation|editor-surname1=Statistisches Bundesamt|title=Historisches Gemeindeverzeichnis für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Namens-, Grenz- und Schlüsselnummernänderungen bei Gemeinden, Kreisen und Regierungsbezirken vom 27. 5. 1970 bis 31. 12. 1982|publisher=[[W. Kohlhammer]]|publication-place=Stuttgart/Mainz|page=264|isbn=3-17-003263-1|date= 1983|language=German }}</ref> == Soo-jiidashooyinka == * Evangelical-Reformed [[Bargebur Church|Kaniisadda Bargebur]] * Guriga mishiinka daqiiqda ee taariikhiga ah (meesha kulanka)<ref>[http://www.norden.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=549.48&object=tx%7C1652.521.1&sub=0 Stadt Norden: ''Bargebur''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.norden.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=549.48&object=tx%7C1652.521.1&sub=0 |date=20150206170358 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206170358/http://www.norden.de/index.phtml?La=1&sNavID=549.48&object=tx%7C1652.521.1&sub=0 |date=2015-02-06 }}; retrieved 30 January 2015</ref> == Tixraac == <references /> b1csg1l3mhir0nxl7ymhy7d5213qoc6 0 50208 310021 304208 2026-10-05T02:01:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen Burgrieden.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|14|25|N|9|56|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Burgrieden in BC.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Biberach |elevation = 541 |area = 21.87 |postal_code = 88483 |area_code = 07392 |licence = BC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 26 028 |website = [http://www.burgrieden.de/ www.burgrieden.de] |mayor = Frank Högerle<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-burgrieden-2022/ Bürgermeisterwahl Burgrieden 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;30 }} '''Burgrieden''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʊɐ̯kʁiːdn̩}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Biberach (district)|Biberach]] ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]], dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal aagga waqtiga caadiga ah ee Yurub Dhexe, tirada dadkeeduna sida ay tilmaamayaan xogaha ugu dambeeya waa — 3.6 kun (0% wadarta guud ee dadka Jarmalka).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://ng.maptons.com/107873 |access-date=2026-08-06 |archive-date=2025-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415152310/https://ng.maptons.com/107873 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} knttlytf4b9pixrsd5jq0t5j9oynyhe 828 51968 310043 307404 2026-10-05T11:39:30Z Sophivorus 34054 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q137784397|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 310043 Scribunto text/plain -- Module:WikitextParser is a general-purpose wikitext parser -- Documentation and master version: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:WikitextParser -- License: GPL-3.0 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html) -- Authors: User:Sophivorus, User:Certes, User:Aidan9382, et al. local str_find, str_sub, str_match = string.find, string.sub, string.match local str_gsub, str_gmatch, str_rep = string.gsub, string.gmatch, string.rep local str_lower = string.lower local table_insert, table_concat = table.insert, table.concat -- Private helper method to escape a string for use in regexes local function escapeString( str ) return str_gsub( str, '[%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%%]', '%%%0' ) end -- Fast gsplit (a la mw.text.gsplit) for fixed ASCII separators local function str_gsplit( str, sep ) if sep == '' or str_find( sep, '[\128-\255]' ) then error( 'Separator must be ASCII and cannot be empty' ) end local i, str1 = 1, str .. sep return function() local s, e = str_find( str1, sep, i, true ) if not s then return s end local t = i i = e + 1 return str_sub( str1, t, s - 1 ) end end -- Fast dedicated two-way split (a la mw.text.split) for fixed ASCII separators local function str_split2( str, sep ) if sep == '' or str_find( sep, '[\128-\255]' ) then error( 'Separator must be ASCII and cannot be empty' ) end local s, e = str_find( str, sep, 1, true ) if not s then return str end return str_sub( str, 1, s - 1 ), str_sub( str, e + 1 ) end -- Fast whitespace trim (a la mw.text.trim) local function str_trim( str ) return str_match( str, '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) end local parser = {} -- Get the lead section from the given wikitext -- The lead section is any content before the first section title. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Wikitext of the lead section. May be empty if the lead section is empty. function parser.getLead( wikitext ) wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '\n==.*', '' ) wikitext = str_trim( wikitext ) return wikitext end -- Get the sections from the given wikitext -- This method doesn't get the lead section, use getLead for that -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Map from section title to section content function parser.getSections( wikitext ) local sections = {} wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n==' for title in str_gmatch( wikitext, '\n==+ *([^=]-) *==+' ) do local section = str_match( wikitext, '\n==+ *' .. escapeString( title ) .. ' *==+(.-)\n==' ) section = str_trim( section ) sections[ title ] = section end return sections end -- Get a section from the given wikitext (including any subsections) -- If the given section title appears more than once, only the section of the first instance will be returned -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @param title Required. Title of the section -- @return Wikitext of the section, or nil if it isn't found. May be empty if the section is empty or contains only subsections. function parser.getSection( wikitext, title ) title = str_trim( title ) title = escapeString( title ) wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n' local level level, wikitext = str_match( wikitext, '\n(==+) *' .. title .. ' *==.-\n(.*)' ) if wikitext then local nextSection = '\n==' .. str_rep( '=?', #level - 2 ) .. '[^=].*' wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, nextSection, '' ) -- remove later sections at this level or higher wikitext = str_trim( wikitext ) return wikitext end end -- Get the content of a <section> tag from the given wikitext. -- We can't use getTags because unlike all other tags, both opening and closing <section> tags are self-closing. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @param name Required. Name of the <section> tag -- @return Content of the <section> tag, or nil if it isn't found. May be empty if the section tag is empty. function parser.getSectionTag( wikitext, name ) name = str_trim( name ) name = escapeString( name ) local sections = {} for section in str_gmatch( wikitext, '< *section +begin *= *["\']? *' .. name .. ' *["\']? */>(.-)< *section +end= *["\']? *'.. name ..' *["\']? */>' ) do table_insert( sections, section ) end if #sections > 0 then return table_concat( sections ) end end -- Get the lists from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of lists. function parser.getLists( wikitext ) local lists = {} wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n\n' for list in str_gmatch( wikitext, '\n([*#].-)\n[^*#]' ) do table_insert( lists, list ) end return lists end -- Get the paragraphs from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of paragraphs. function parser.getParagraphs( wikitext ) local paragraphs = {} -- Remove non-paragraphs wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n' -- add newlines to simplfy patterns wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]<!%-%-.-%-%-> *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove comments wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%[%b[]%] *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove files and categories wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '<gallery.-</gallery>', '\n\n' ) -- remove galleries wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%b{} *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove tables and block templates wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%b{} *%b{} *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove neighboring tables and block templates wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%b{} *<!%-%-.-%-%-> *%b{} *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove neighboring tables and block templates with a comment among them wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n][*#].-%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove lists wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]==+[^=]+==+ *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove section titles wikitext = str_trim( wikitext ) for paragraph in str_gsplit( wikitext, "\n\n" ) do paragraph = str_trim( paragraph ) if paragraph ~= "" then -- Filter out 3+ consecutive newlines table_insert( paragraphs, paragraph ) end end return paragraphs end -- Get the templates from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of templates. function parser.getTemplates( wikitext ) local templates = {} for template in str_gmatch( wikitext, '{%b{}}' ) do if str_sub( template, 1, 3 ) ~= '{{#' then -- skip parser functions like #if table_insert( templates, template ) end end return templates end -- Get the requested template from the given wikitext. -- If the template appears more than once, only the first instance will be returned -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @param name Name of the template to get -- @return Wikitext of the template, or nil if it wasn't found function parser.getTemplate( wikitext, name ) local templates = parser.getTemplates( wikitext ) local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() for _, template in ipairs( templates ) do local templateName = parser.getTemplateName( template ) if lang:ucfirst( templateName ) == lang:ucfirst( name ) then return template end end end -- Get name of the template from the given template wikitext. -- @param templateWikitext Required. Wikitext of the template to parse. -- @return Name of the template -- @todo Strip "Template:" namespace? function parser.getTemplateName( templateWikitext ) return str_match( templateWikitext, '^{{ *([^}|\n]+)' ) end -- Get the parameters from the given template wikitext. -- @param templateWikitext Required. Wikitext of the template to parse. -- @return Map from parameter names to parameter values, NOT IN THE ORIGINAL ORDER. -- @return Order in which the parameters were parsed. function parser.getTemplateParameters( templateWikitext ) local parameters = {} local paramOrder = {} local params = str_match( templateWikitext, '{{[^|}]-|(.*)}}' ) if params then -- Temporarily replace pipes in subtemplates and links to avoid chaos for subtemplate in str_gmatch( params, '{%b{}}' ) do params = str_gsub( params, escapeString( subtemplate ), str_gsub( subtemplate, '.', { ['%']='%%', ['|']="@@:@@", ['=']='@@_@@' } ), 1 ) end for link in str_gmatch( params, '%[%b[]%]' ) do params = str_gsub( params, escapeString( link ), str_gsub( link, '.', { ['%']='%%', ['|']='@@:@@', ['=']='@@_@@' } ), 1 ) end local count = 0 local name, value for param in str_gsplit( params, '|' ) do name, value = str_split2( param, '=' ) if value then local number = tonumber( name ) if number then --XXX: What about keys like: 01, .1, 2e0, etc. name = number end value = str_trim( value ) else value = name count = count + 1 name = count end value = str_gsub( value, '@@_@@', '=' ) value = str_gsub( value, '@@:@@', '|' ) parameters[ name ] = value table_insert( paramOrder, name ) end end return parameters, paramOrder end -- Get the tags from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of tags. function parser.getTags( wikitext ) local tags = {} local tag, tagName, tagEnd -- Don't match closing tags like </div>, comments like <!--foo-->, comparisons like 1<2 or things like <3 for tagStart, tagOpen in str_gmatch( wikitext, '()(<[^/!%d].->)' ) do tagName = parser.getTagName( tagOpen ) -- If we're in a self-closing tag, like <ref name="foo" />, <references/>, <br/>, <br>, <hr>, etc. if str_match( tagOpen, '<.-/>' ) or tagName == 'br' or tagName == 'hr' then tag = tagOpen -- If we're in a tag that may contain others like it, like <div> or <span> elseif tagName == 'div' or tagName == 'span' then local position = tagStart + #tagOpen - 1 local depth = 1 while depth > 0 do tagEnd = str_match( wikitext, '</ ?' .. tagName .. ' ?>()', position ) if tagEnd then tagEnd = tagEnd - 1 else break -- unclosed tag end position = str_match( wikitext, '()< ?' .. tagName .. '[ >]', position + 1 ) if not position then position = tagEnd + 1 end if position > tagEnd then depth = depth - 1 else depth = depth + 1 end end tag = str_sub( wikitext, tagStart, tagEnd ) -- Else we're probably in tag that shouldn't contain others like it, like <math> or <strong> else tagEnd = str_match( wikitext, '</ ?' .. tagName .. ' ?>()', tagStart ) if tagEnd then tag = str_sub( wikitext, tagStart, tagEnd - 1 ) -- If no end tag is found, assume we matched something that wasn't a tag, like <no. 1> else tag = nil end end table_insert( tags, tag ) end return tags end -- Get the name of the tag in the given wikitext -- @param tag Required. Tag to parse. -- @return Name of the tag or nil if not found function parser.getTagName( tagWikitext ) local tagName = str_match( tagWikitext, '^< *(.-)[ />]' ) if tagName then tagName = str_lower( tagName ) end return tagName end -- Get the value of an attribute in the given tag. -- @param tagWikitext Required. Wikitext of the tag to parse. -- @param attribute Required. Name of the attribute. -- @return Value of the attribute or nil if not found function parser.getTagAttribute( tagWikitext, attribute ) local _, value = str_match( tagWikitext, '^<[^/>]*' .. attribute .. ' *= *(["\']?)([^/>]-)%1[ />]' ) return value end -- Get the content of the given tag. -- @param tagWikitext Required. Wikitext of the tag to parse. -- @return Content of the tag. May be empty if the tag is empty. Will be nil if the tag is self-closing. -- @todo May fail with nested tags function parser.getTagContent( tagWikitext ) return str_match( tagWikitext, '^<.->.-</.->' ) end -- Get the <gallery> tags from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of gallery tags. function parser.getGalleries( wikitext ) local galleries = {} local tags = parser.getTags( wikitext ) for _, tag in ipairs( tags ) do local tagName = parser.getTagName( tag ) if tagName == 'gallery' then table_insert( galleries, tag ) end end return galleries end -- Get the <ref> tags from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of ref tags. function parser.getReferences( wikitext ) local references = {} local tags = parser.getTags( wikitext ) for _, tag in ipairs( tags ) do local tagName = parser.getTagName( tag ) if tagName == 'ref' then table_insert( references, tag ) end end return references end -- Get the reference with the given name from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @param referenceName Required. Name of the reference. -- @return Wikitext of the reference function parser.getReference( wikitext, referenceName ) local references = parser.getReferences( wikitext ) for _, reference in ipairs( references ) do local content = parser.getTagContent( reference ) local name = parser.getTagAttribute( reference, 'name' ) if content and name == referenceName then return reference end end end -- Get the tables from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of tables. function parser.getTables( wikitext ) local tables = {} wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext for t in str_gmatch( wikitext, '\n%b{}' ) do if str_sub( t, 1, 3 ) == '\n{|' then t = str_trim( t ) -- exclude the leading newline table_insert( tables, t ) end end return tables end -- Get the id from the given table wikitext -- @param tableWikitext Required. Wikitext of the table to parse. -- @param attribute Required. Name of the attribute. -- @return Value of the attribute or nil if not found function parser.getTableAttribute( tableWikitext, attribute ) local _, value = str_match( tableWikitext, '^{|[^\n]*' .. attribute .. ' *= *(["\']?)([^\n]-)%1[^\n]*\n' ) if not value or value == '' then value = str_match( tableWikitext, '^{|[^\n]*' .. attribute .. ' *= *([^\n ]+)[^\n]*\n' ) end return value end -- Get a table by id from the given wikitext -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @param id Required. Id of the table -- @return Wikitext of the table or nil if not found function parser.getTable( wikitext, id ) local tables = parser.getTables( wikitext ) for _, t in ipairs( tables ) do if id == parser.getTableAttribute( t, 'id' ) then return t end end end -- Get the data from the given table wikitext -- @param tableWikitext Required. Wikitext of the table to parse. -- @return Table data -- @todo Test and make more robust function parser.getTableData( tableWikitext ) local tableData = {} tableWikitext = str_trim( tableWikitext ); tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '^{|.-\n', '' ) -- remove the header tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '\n|}$', '' ) -- remove the footer tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '^|%+.-\n', '' ) -- remove any caption tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '|%-.-\n', '|-\n' ) -- remove any row attributes tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '^|%-\n', '' ) -- remove any leading empty row tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '\n|%-$', '' ) -- remove any trailing empty row for rowWikitext in str_gsplit( tableWikitext, '|-' ) do local rowData = {} rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '||', '\n|' ) rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '!!', '\n|' ) rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '\n!', '\n|' ) rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '^!', '\n|' ) rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '^\n|', '' ) for cellWikitext in str_gsplit( rowWikitext, '\n|' ) do cellWikitext = str_trim( cellWikitext ) table_insert( rowData, cellWikitext ) end table_insert( tableData, rowData ) end return tableData end -- Get the internal links from the given wikitext (includes category and file links). -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of internal links. function parser.getLinks( wikitext ) local links = {} for link in str_gmatch( wikitext, '%[%b[]%]' ) do table_insert( links, link ) end return links end -- Get the file links from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of file links. function parser.getFiles( wikitext ) local files = {} local links = parser.getLinks( wikitext ) for _, link in ipairs( links ) do local namespace = str_match( link, '^%[%[ *(.-) *:' ) if namespace and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ] and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ].canonicalName == 'File' then table_insert( files, link ) end end return files end -- Get name of the file from the given file wikitext. -- @param fileWikitext Required. Wikitext of the file to parse. -- @return Name of the file function parser.getFileName( fileWikitext ) return str_match( fileWikitext, '^%[%[ *.- *: *(.-) *[]|]' ) end -- Get the category links from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of category links. function parser.getCategories( wikitext ) local categories = {} local links = parser.getLinks( wikitext ) for _, link in ipairs( links ) do local namespace = str_match( link, '^%[%[ -(.-) -:' ) if namespace and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ] and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ].canonicalName == 'Category' then table_insert( categories, link ) end end return categories end -- Get the external links from the given wikitext. -- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse. -- @return Sequence of external links. function parser.getExternalLinks( wikitext ) local links = {} for link in str_gmatch( wikitext, '%b[]' ) do if str_match( link, '^%[//' ) or str_match( link, '^%[https?://' ) then table_insert( links, link ) end end return links end return parser 3r3fpf7d7jt2ttpx3ny4bt85muaz5lj 0 52758 310030 308810 2026-10-05T07:38:50Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Meuspath.png |coordinates = {{coord|50.34496|6.97395|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Meuspath in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Adenau |elevation = 560 |area = 3.06 |postal_code = 53520 |area_code = 02691 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 050 |mayor = Klaus Dieter Speicher<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Meuspath''' waa degmo ka tirsan deegaanka [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. Meuspath waa guriga shirkadda wige Solutions gmbh, taas oo bixisa xogta wakhtiga rasmi ah ee dhacdooyinka tartamada mootooyinka sida [[24 Hours Nürburgring]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.24h-rennen.de/uploads/media/24h_Rennen_2012_top40_result.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.24h-rennen.de |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-date=22 Bisha Shanaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522122732/http://www.24h-rennen.de/uploads/media/24h_Rennen_2012_top40_result.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} dz6qy9t6tlp2h0dxuv815ahrwnvvnn8 0 52761 310031 308813 2026-10-05T07:45:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |name = Misselberg |image_photo = Misselberg4.jpg |image_coa = Wappen Misselberg.png |coordinates = {{coord|50.3167|7.76667|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Misselberg in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Bad Ems-Nassau |elevation = 260 |area = 0.74 |postal_code = 56377 |area_code = 02604 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 087 |website = |mayor = Thomas Schulz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Misselberg''' waa degmo ka tirsan deegaanka [[Rhein-Lahn|Rhein-Lahn]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka dalka [[Germany]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Bad Ems-Nassau|ururka bulshada ee Bad Ems-Nassau.]] == Juqraafi == Degmada waxay ku taal galbeedka [[Cardinal direction|Germany]], oo ah [[rural area|deegaan miyi ah]] oo ka tirsan badhtamaha [[Rhine|webiga Rhine]]. [[postal code|Summaddii boostada]] waa 56377, diiwaannada dhulkuna waxay dhigayaan [[Geographic coordinate system|iskudruisyada juqraafiyeed]] ee qiyaastii 50.3075° N iyo 7.7679° E<ref>{{Cite web |title=Misselberg on the map of Germany, location on the map, exact time |url=https://zw.maptons.com/547412 |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=zw.maptons.com}} {{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Taariikh == Misselberg waa [[village|tuulo]] yar oo Jarmal ah taas oo asalkeedu dib ugu noqonayo [[14th century|qarnigii 14-aad]]. Waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay sanadkii [[1361]] iyada oo lagu magacaabo Mistelberg. Muddo dheer, waxay ahayd [[Hamlet (place)|tuulo yar]] oo ka kooban dhowr [[Dwelling|guri]] oo keliya, ka hor inta aysan noqon degmo madaxbannaan [[1821]] ka dib markii lagu daray dhinaca maamulka [[Dienethal]]. [[Century|Qarniyada]] soo maray, tuulada waxay beddeshay xiriirka maamul dhowr jeer, iyada oo ka timid [[Duchy of Nassau]] ilaa [[Prussia]], iyo markii dambe ilaa gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] ka dib [[1946]]. Maanta, waa qayb ka mid ah deegaanka Rhein-Lahn waxayna leedahay in ka yar boqol deganaa. In kasta oo ay yar tahay, Misselberg waxay leedahay [[Symbol|calaamado]] maxalli ah oo xooggan, sida "Misselblume," oo ah [[flower|ubax]] naadir ah oo la ilaaliyo, iyo Knautheiche, oo ah [[oak|geedkii]] [[tree]] taariikhi ah oo noqday astaamo oo ka muuqda [[coat of arms|summadaha]] tuulada<ref>{{Cite web |title=Misselberg - regionalgeschichte.net |url=https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rhein-lahn/misselberg.html |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=www.regionalgeschichte.net}}</ref>. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 736opeq2fnfzqwyog0rd99ykjbj83a5 0 52929 310038 309183 2026-10-05T10:01:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shmuel Ben Ezra | native_name = שמואל בן עזרא (Shmuel Ben Ezra) | native_name_lang = he | image = Shmuel Ben Ezra PM.png | caption = Shmuel Ben Ezra, 2026 | birth_date = 1973<br><small>ה'תשל"ג (5733 ee taariikhda Cibraaniga)</small> | birth_place = [[Qudus]], [[Israa'iil]] | children = 12 | known_for = {{Ubl | Horumarinta tiknoolajiyadda difaaca | Horumarinta nidaamyada gantaallada Arrow | La-talin siyaasadeed iyo amni | Rabi iyo caalim diinta [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuudda]] }} | education = {{Ubl | [[File:JCT Logo.png|30px]] Lev Academic Center | [[File:Hebrew University Logo.svg|15px]] Jaamacadda Cibraaniga ee Qudus | Jaamacadda Haifa | [[File:Tel Aviv university logo - Hebrew.png|25px]] Jaamacadda Tel Aviv | [[File:Semel Pum.svg|22px]] Kulliyadda Isku-dhafka ah ee Taliska iyo Shaqaalaha | [[File:Mabal pin.gif|22px]] Kulliyadda Amniga Qaranka }} | awards = {{Ubl | [[File:סמל צלש הרמטכל האות הטכנולוגי.png|28px]] Calaamadda Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada ee heer-sare dhinaca tiknoolajiyadda | [[File:Flag of Israel Navy Commander in Chief at Sea.svg|28px]] Abaalmarinta Taliyaha Ciidanka Badda ee fikirka hal-abuurka leh (×3) | [[File:Logo of the Ministry of Defense of Israel (Hebrew).png|28px|Abaalmarinta Difaaca Israa'iil]] Abaalmarinta Difaaca Israa'iil ee 2017, horumarinta nidaamka Arrow | [[File:Logo of the Ministry of Defense of Israel (Hebrew).png|18px|Abaalmarinta Difaaca Israa'iil]] [[File:Logo of the Ministry of Defense of Israel (Hebrew).png|18px|Abaalmarinta Difaaca Israa'iil]] [[File:Logo of the Ministry of Defense of Israel (Hebrew).png|18px|Abaalmarinta Difaaca Israa'iil]] Abaalmarinnada Difaaca Israa'iil ee 2023, 2024 iyo 2025 — waxaa la siiyay waaxda Shin Bet ee uu madaxda ka ahaa }} | module = {{Infobox | child = yes | header1 = Madaxa 13aad ee Golaha Amniga Qaranka ee Israa'iil | label2 = Xilka hayaa | data2 = 7 Juun 2026 – hadda | label3 = Ra'iisul wasaare | data3 = Benjamin Netanyahu | label4 = Waxa ka horreeyay | data4 = Gil Reich <small>(ku-sime)</small> | header5 = Adeegga amniga | label6 = U adeegay / Ka tirsan | data6 = {{Ubl | [[File:Badge of the Israel Defense Forces.svg|26px]] Ciidamada Difaaca Israa'iil<br>• [[File:IsraeliNavy.png|25px]] Ciidanka Badda Israa'iil | [[File:Logo of the Ministry of Defense of Israel (Hebrew).png|22px]] Wasaaradda Difaaca Israa'iil<br>• [[File:Mafat Logo in Hebrew svg.svg|30px]] MAFAT | [[File:Flag of the Prime Minister of Israel.svg|26px]] Adeegga Ammaanka Guud ee Israa'iil (Shin Bet) | [[File:סמליל המטה לביטחון לאומי.png|38px]] Golaha Amniga Qaranka ee Israa'iil }} | label7 = Darajada | data7 = [[File:IDF-Navy-10.png|25px]] [[File:IDF aluf.svg|25px]] '''Aluf''' (Sarreeye Gaas, darajo u dhiganta) | label8 = Jagooyinka adeegga | data8 = {{Ubl | Madaxa barnaamijka horumarinta nidaamka gantaallada Arrow 3 | Madaxa Waaxda Nidaamyada Lakabka Sare ee Maamulka Homa | Madaxa Waaxda Tiknoolajiyadda, Hawlgallada Gaarka ah iyo Saybarka | [[File:Emblem of Israel alternative gold.svg|17px]] La-taliyaha amniga qaranka }} | label9 = Hawlgallada iyo dagaallada | data9 = {{Ubl | Khilaafka [[Iiraan]] iyo Israa'iil | Hawlgalkii Defensive Shield | [[File:Lebanon2ribon.svg|28px]] Dagaalkii Labaad ee Lubnaan | Hawlgalkii Cast Lead | Hawlgalkii Pillar of Defense | [[File:Protective Edge Opertion ribon.svg|28px]] Hawlgalkii Protective Edge | Dagaalkii Swords of [[Iron]] }} }} }} '''Shmuel Ben Ezra''' (Cibraani: '''שמואל בן עזרא''' (Shmuel Ben Ezra); dhashay 1973) waa la-taliyaha amniga qaranka iyo madaxa Golaha Amniga Qaranka ee Dawladda [[Israa'iil]].<ref name="pmo-appointment">[https://www.gov.il/he/pages/spoke-appointment070626 הממשלה אישרה כעת פה אחד את החלטתו של ראש הממשלה בנימין נתניהו למנות את שמואל בן עזרא לתפקיד ראש המטה לביטחון לאומי (המל״ל) וליועץ ראש הממשלה לביטחון לאומי (Dawladda ayaa si wadajir ah u ansixisay go'aanka Ra'iisul Wasaare Benjamin Netanyahu ee ah in Shmuel Ben Ezra loo magacaabo madaxa Golaha Amniga Qaranka iyo la-taliyaha Ra'iisul Wasaaraha ee amniga qaranka)], Xafiiska Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Israa'iil, 7 Juun 2026.</ref> Intii uu ka tirsanaa Ciidamada Difaaca Israa'iil iyo hay'adaha amniga Israa'iil, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay cilmi-baaris iyo horumarin, maaraynta mashaariicda iyo hoggaaminta cutubyo ciidan dhinacyo kala duwan ah, kuwa ugu caansanna waxaa ka mid ah gantaallada iyo ka-hortagga gantaallada, saybar iyo sirdoonka farsamada. Wuxuu madax ka ahaa barnaamijka horumarinta nidaamka ka-hortagga Arrow, taas oo uu ku mutaystay Abaalmarinta Difaaca Israa'iil ee 2017.<ref name="srugim2017">[https://www.srugim.co.il/204210 כבוד למגזר: האל"מ הסרוג שזכה בפרס בטחון ישראל (Sharaf bulshada: Gaashaanle Sare kippah xidha ee ku guuleystay Abaalmarinta Difaaca Israa'iil)], ''Srugim'', 6 Luulyo 2017.</ref> Wuxuu soo noqday madaxa waaxyaha hawlgallada gaarka ah, tiknoolajiyadda iyo saybarka ee Adeegga Ammaanka Guud ee Israa'iil (Shin Bet).<ref name="ynet-profile">Itamar Eichner, [https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/sjstmlolze מהנדס עטור פרסים, אך "מינוי קצת תמוה": מיהו ראש המל"ל החדש - שמואל בן עזרא (Injineer abaalmarinno badan haysta, balse “magacaabis wax yar la yaab leh”: waa kuma madaxa cusub ee Golaha Amniga Qaranka – Shmuel Ben Ezra?)], ''Ynet'', 2 Juun 2026.</ref> Waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa rabi iyo caalim Tawreed.<ref name="inn-rabbis">Dvir Amar, [https://www.inn.co.il/news/698015 ראש המל"ל החדש: תושב חומת שמואל ומקורב לרבנים (Madaxa cusub ee Golaha Amniga Qaranka: deggan Homat Shmuel oo xiriir dhow la leh rabbiyiinta)], ''Arutz 7'', 31 Maajo 2026.</ref> == Taariikh nololeed == Shmuel Ben Ezra wuxuu ku dhashay [[Qudus]] waxaana dhalay Naomi iyo Rabbi David, kuwaas oo u soo guuray [[Israa'iil]] iyagoo ka yimid [[Marooko]], wuxuuna ku koray magaalada caasimadda ah. === Waxbarasho === Dhallinyaranimadiisii, Ben Ezra waxaa loo oggolaaday inuu qabto xirfado dhaqameed oo Yuhuudi ah, sida ''mohel'',<ref name="ynet-profile" /> iyo ''sofer STaM'' (qoraa Yuhuudi ah oo si waafaqsan xeerarka diinta u qora duubabka Tawreed, tefillin iyo mezuzot).<ref name="ynet-profile" /> Waxbarashadiisa tacliimeed wuxuu ku qaatay shahaadada koowaad, isagoo helay maamuuska ugu sarreeya, ee injineernimada [[Fiisigis|fiisigiska]] Dugsiga Sare ee Tiknoolajiyadda ee Qudus, oo markii dambe loo bixiyay Lev Academic Center, iyo shahaadada labaad ee [[Fiisigis|fiisigiska]] Jaamacadda Cibraaniga ee Qudus.<ref name="ynet-profile" /> Shahaadooyin labaad oo dheeraad ah ayuu, isagoo helay maamuuska ugu sarreeya, ku qaatay maamulka ganacsiga Jaamacadda Furan, iyo culuumta siyaasadda iyo amniga qaranka Jaamacadda Haifa, halkaas oo isaguna uu ku qalinjabiyay maamuuska ugu sarreeya.<ref name="ynet-profile" /> Wuxuu sidoo kale ka qalinjabiyay koorsada agaasimayaasha ee maamulayaasha sare ee waaxda dadweynaha ee Jaamacadda Tel Aviv, wuxuuna ka qalinjabiyay Kulliyadda Amniga Qaranka isagoo ahaa ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee dufcaddii 45-aad.<ref name="ynet-profile" /> === Adeegga Ciidamada Difaaca Israa'iil === Ben Ezra wuxuu adeeggiisa Ciidamada Difaaca Israa'iil ka bilaabay Ciidanka Badda Israa'iil.<ref name="ynet-profile" /> Intii uu xilalka ka hayay ciidanka badda, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay cilmi-baaris iyo horumarin ku saabsan difaaca maraakiibta, wuxuuna madax ka ahaa koox ka tirsan cutub maraakiibeed. Sannadkii 2015 Ben Ezra waxaa loo magacaabay madaxa Waaxda Nidaamyada Lakabka Sare ee Maamulka Homa ee MAFAT.<ref name="srugim2017" /> Xilkaas wuxuu kaga mid ahaa kooxihii ka shaqaynayay horumarinta nidaamyada gantaallada iyo gantaallada ka-hortagga. Wuxuu ahaa injineerka nidaamka ee madaxa hagidda gantaalka "Arrow 3", dabadeedna waxaa loo dallacsiiyay inuu madax ka noqdo waaxda mas'uulka ka ah barnaamijyada horumarinta gantaallada ka-hortagga ee lakabka sare.<ref name="ynet-profile" /> Xilkaas wuxuu hoggaamiyay barnaamijka horumarinta nidaamka hubka "Arrow", oo ay ku jirto ikhtiraacii "Arrow 3", kaas oo ah lakabka ka-hortagga gantaallada ee ka baxsan jawiga dhulka ee nidaamka difaaca cirka ee Israa'iil. Tijaabooyinka nidaamka, oo lagu fuliyay Israa'iil iyo dibaddeeda — oo ay ka mid ahaayeen tijaabooyinkii Alaska ee 2019 — waxay heleen tebinta ballaaran ee warbaahinta.<ref name="arrow-ynet">Yoav Zitun, [https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5558662,00.html ניסוי מוצלח לחץ 3 באלסקה: "יירוט בגובה רב מחוץ לאטמוספירה" (Tijaabo guul leh oo Arrow 3 ah oo Alaska ka dhacday: “ka-hortag joog sare ah oo ka baxsan jawiga”)], ''Ynet'', 28 Luulyo 2019.</ref><ref name="arrow-inn">Kobi Finkler, [https://www.inn.co.il/news/408437 בארה"ב: הצלחה למערכת הנשק "חץ 3" (Maraykanka: guul u soo hoyatay nidaamka hubka “Arrow 3”)], ''Arutz 7'', 28 Luulyo 2019.</ref><ref name="arrow-globes">Yuval Azulai, [https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1001295083 בול פגיעה: הצלחה לסדרת ניסויים מורכבת לטילי החץ 3 באלסקה (Bartilmaameed sax ah: guul taxane tijaabooyin adag ah oo gantaallada Arrow 3 ah oo Alaska ka dhacay)], ''Globes'', 28 Luulyo 2019.</ref> Waxa kale oo tijaabooyinkaas baahiyay hay'ado rasmi ah oo dawladeed oo Israa'iil ah.<ref name="arrow-mod">[https://mod.gov.il/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%96%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9F/%D7%97%D7%A5-3-%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%94-%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%AA-%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%94 חץ 3: הושלמה סדרת ניסויים מוצלחת באלסקה (Arrow 3: taxane tijaabooyin guul leh ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay Alaska)], Wasaaradda Difaaca Israa'iil, 28 Luulyo 2019.</ref> Markii warbaahintu xilligaas ka hadlaysay isaga iyo wareysiyada lala yeeshay, waxaa la sheegi jiray oo keliya xarafka ugu horreeya ee magaciisa koowaad.<ref name="walla-arrow">Amir Bohbot, [https://news.walla.co.il/item/2914689 ה"מוח" מאחורי פרויקט ה"חץ": "הניסוי משנה את תפיסת ההגנה של ישראל" (“Maskaxda” ka dambaysa mashruuca “Arrow”: “tijaabadu waxay beddelaysaa aragtida difaaca Israa'iil”)], ''Walla!'', 11 Diseembar 2015.</ref> Sawirradiisana waa la qarin jiray ama la ceeryaamin jiray,<ref name="blur-video">[https://yo-utu.be/LDV-ddF0-8M?si=LyzSuYidU-BoaCtu&t=170 ניסוי חץ 3 באלסקה | הסרטון המלא (Tijaabada Arrow 3 ee Alaska | fiidiyowga oo dhammaystiran)] {{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, kanaalka Yo-uTube-ka ee Wasaaradda Difaaca Israa'iil; xiriirku wuxuu toos u tilmaamayaa qaybta fiidiyowga ee wejigiisa la ceeryaamiyay.</ref><ref name="srugim2017" /> sida caadiga ahayd, sababo la xiriira xasaasiyadda amniga.<ref name="galatz-arrow">[https://glz.co.il/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A6/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8-%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91-%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8-%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91-%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C29-07-2019-0601/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94-%D7%97%D7%A5-%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A2-%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95-%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F יורה חץ - ופוגע: "עכשיו מודאגים באיראן" (Wuxuu ganayaa Arrow — wuuna haleelayaa: “hadda Iiraan ayay ka walaacsan yihiin”)], Galei Tzahal. Magaciisa waxaa lagu sheegay 8:13, sida muuqata si khalad ah; 8:37 waxaa lagu caddeeyay inaan magaciisa laga sheegi karin warbaahinta.</ref> Intii uu xilka ka hayay Maamulka Homa wuxuu sidoo kale mas'uul ka ahaa horumarinta gantaallada Sparrow.<ref name="sparrow-india">[https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/what-is-blue-sparrow-missile-israel-killed-khamenei-tehran-2026-2878222-2026-03-06 What is Blue Sparrow? The 'missile from space' Israel used to kill Khamenei], ''India Today'', 6 Maarso 2026.</ref> === Adeegga Ammaanka Guud === Sannadkii 2020 Ben Ezra waxaa loo magacaabay madaxa Waaxda Tiknoolajiyadda iyo Saybarka ee Adeegga Ammaanka Guud ee Israa'iil (Shin Bet), wuxuuna xilkaas hayay ilaa 2024. Xilkaas wuxuu mas'uul ka ahaa dhismaha awoodda iyo adeegsigeeda ee waaxda dhammaan dhinacyada tiknoolajiyadda jireed — xirfadaha [[Fiisigis|fiisigiska]], injineernimada iyo software-ka — iyo mas'uuliyadda dhinacyada saybarka iyo sirdoonka macmalka ah. Wuxuu hoggaamiyay mashaariic isagoo la kaashanaya hay'adaha horumarinta iyo cilmi-baarista iyo warshadaha difaaca ee Israa'iil iyo dunida, Galbeedka iyo Barigaba,<ref name="ynet-profile" /> oo ay ku jiraan intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Swords of Iron. Jagadiisii ugu dambaysay ee Shin Bet waxay ahayd xil u dhiganta darajada Aluf ee ciidamada.<ref name="rank-pmo">Amir Ettinger, [https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/h1xrscfezl נתניהו הודיע: ראש המל"ל הבא - שמואל בן עזרא (Netanyahu ayaa ku dhawaaqay: madaxa xiga ee Golaha Amniga Qaranka – Shmuel Ben Ezra)], ''Ynet'', 31 Maajo 2026; warbixintu waxay soo xiganaysaa ogeysiiska Xafiiska Ra'iisul Wasaaraha ee sheegay in xilkiisii ugu dambeeyay ee Shin Bet uu u dhigmaayay darajada Aluf.</ref> === Madaxa Golaha Amniga Qaranka === Sannadkii 2026 Ben Ezra waxaa loo magacaabay la-taliyaha amniga qaranka ee Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Israa'iil, isla markaana madaxa Golaha Amniga Qaranka ee Dawladda Israa'iil.<ref name="pmo-appointment" /> Wax yar ka dib markii uu si rasmi ah xilka ula wareegay, Ben Ezra wuxuu ka qaybgalay kulan taariikhi ah oo dhex maray Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Israa'iil Benjamin Netanyahu iyo Madaxweynaha [[Somaliland|Soomaaliland]], Dr. [[Abdirahman Mohamed Abdillahi]], waxaana sawirka ku jira xiriirka lagu arkayaa isagoo ag fadhiya Netanyahu kana soo horjeeda Dr. Abdillahi.<ref>[https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS0RIz5rxhS6tjX-2yTun0rcm8PrBGq8xRerlF4Jnpv1gvN4RqoKq33X94&s=10 Sawirka kulanka]; xiriirku wuxuu tilmaamayaa sawirka lagu arkayo Ben Ezra isagoo ag fadhiya Netanyahu kana soo horjeeda Madaxweyne Abdirahman Mohamed Abdillahi.</ref> Iyadoo ay jireen khilaafaad u dhexeeya Wasaaradda Maaliyadda iyo Wasaaradda Difaaca oo ku saabsan kordhinta miisaaniyadda difaaca iyo dejinta miisaaniyadda dhismaha awoodda, Golaha Amniga Qaranka ee uu Ben Ezra madaxda ka yahay wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa samaynta hannaan tanaasul ah oo labada dhinac ah, arrintaas oo marar kala duwan dib ugu soo noqotay tan iyo markii uu xilka la wareegay.<ref name="budget-calcalist">Shlomo Teitelbaum iyo Yuval Azulai, [https://www.calcalist.co.il/local_news/article/syaop11ommx הסיכום התקציבי בין האוצר למשרד הביטחון רק דוחה את ההתנגשות הבאה (Heshiiska miisaaniyadda ee u dhexeeya Wasaaradda Maaliyadda iyo Wasaaradda Difaaca wuxuu keliya dib u dhigaya isku dhaca xiga)], ''Calcalist'', 6 Luulyo 2026.</ref> Marka la eego doorashada la filayo ee Israa'iil, Ben Ezra wuxuu aqbalay codsiga guddoomiyaha Guddiga Dhexe ee Doorashooyinka, Garsoore Noam Sohlberg, wuxuuna ka shaqeeyay qorshaynta siyaasadda ilaalinta shaqsiyaadka ee musharraxiinta ku tartamaya doorashada, taas oo u baahnayd isku-duwidda hay'adaha amniga iyo guddiyada wasiirrada.<ref name="election-security">Elinor Shirkani-Kofman, [https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/law/article/21296909 סולברג לראש המל"ל: הבהירו - מי קובע שמועמד מאוים ומי מאבטח אותו? (Sohlberg oo u qoray madaxa Golaha Amniga Qaranka: caddeeya — yaa go'aamiya musharrax halis ku jira, yaase ilaaliya?)], ''Israel Hayom'', 27 Agoosto 2026.</ref> Taladiisa, Dawladda Israa'iil waxay 5 Luulyo 2026 u magacawday Gaashaanle Sare (keydka) Ofir Levy xilka ku-xigeenka madaxa Golaha Amniga Qaranka.<ref name="ofir-levy">[https://www.inn.co.il/news/700663 הממשלה אישרה: אל"ם (במיל') אופיר לוי מונה למשנה לראש המל"ל (Dawladda ayaa ansixisay: Gaashaanle Sare (keydka) Ofir Levy ayaa loo magacaabay ku-xigeenka madaxa Golaha Amniga Qaranka)], ''Arutz 7'', 5 Luulyo 2026.</ref> [[File:President Donald J. Trump meets with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (55428012347) (cropped).jpg|thumb|La-taliyaha Ben Ezra (bartamaha sawirka, isagoo madaxa ku wata [[kippah]] madow) ayaa taladiisa u soo bandhigaya Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Israa'iil]] [[Netanyahu]] iyo Madaxweynaha [[Maraykanka]] [[Donald Trump|Trump]], Aqalka Cad sannadkii 2026.]] == Abaalmarinno iyo maamuus == Sannadkii 2001 wuxuu helay Calaamadda Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada ee heer-sare dhinaca tiknoolajiyadda.<ref name="ynet-profile" /> Intii uu ka tirsanaa Ciidanka Badda Israa'iil wuxuu saddex jeer ku guuleystay Abaalmarinta Taliyaha Ciidanka Badda ee fikirka hal-abuurka leh, sannadihii 1999, 2008 iyo 2009.<ref name="ynet-profile" /> Sannadkii 2017 Abaalmarinta Difaaca Israa'iil waxaa la siiyay Ben Ezra iyo la-hawlgalayaal kale oo ku lug lahaa horumarinta nidaamka hubka Arrow 3.<ref name="srugim2017" /> Maamuus kale, sannadihii ka horreeyay magacaabistiisa xilka sare ee hadda, warbaahinta Israa'iil waxay sharaf gaar ah ku tilmaantay xaqiiqda ah in qaar ka mid ah rabbiyiinta ugu waaweyn Israa'iil ay si gaar ah ula baran jireen ''chavruta''.<ref name="inn-rabbis" /> Sannadihii 2023, 2024 iyo 2025, Abaalmarinnada Difaaca Israa'iil waxaa la siiyay Waaxda Tiknoolajiyadda iyo Saybarka ee Shin Bet oo uu madaxda ka ahaa, horumarinta nidaamyo tiknoolajiyadeed iyo sirdoon, oo ay ka mid ahaayeen awoodo ay Dawladda Israa'iil si istaraatiiji ah u adeegsatay Dagaalkii Swords of Iron.<ref name="ynet-profile" /> Koorsada Kulliyadda Amniga Qaranka wuxuu ku dhammeeyay isagoo ahaa ardayga ugu sarreeya ee dufcaddii 45-aad, isla markaana waxaa loo doortay "ardayga tusaalaha ah".<ref>Koorsooyinka Ciidamada Difaaca Israa'iil, '''ardayga heerka sare''' waa magac la siiyo qof muujiya waxqabad xirfadeed oo aad u sarreeya, waxaana caadi ahaan doorta shaqaalaha tababarka; halka '''ardayga tusaalaha ah''' uu yahay magac loo bixiyo hab-dhaqan, anshax, tusaale-shaqsiyeed iyo qiyam, waxaana badanaa doorta ardayda koorsada.</ref> == Nolosha gaarka ah == Shmuel Ben Ezra waa xaasle, waana aabbe 12 carruur ah.<ref name="jns-family">[https://www.jns.org/israeli-govt-unanimously-votes-for-shmuel-ben-ezra-as-new-national-security-council-head Israeli gov't unanimously votes for Shmuel Ben-Ezra as new National Security Council head] {{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Jewish News Syndicate'', 7 Juun 2026.</ref> Aabbihii, Rabbi Prof. David Ben Ezra, wuxuu baray [[Fiisigis|fiisigis]] — gaar ahaan elektaroonigga indhaha — Lev Academic Center, wuxuuna tababaray kumannaan injineerro ah muddo ku dhow 50 sano, wuxuuna sidoo kale yahay rabi bulsho oo ka tirsan [[Qudus]].<ref name="ynet-profile" /><ref name="david-srugim">[https://www.srugim.co.il/259193 האתגרים החדשים מחייבים את צה"ל להיות יותר יצירתי (Caqabadaha cusub waxay ku qasbayaan Ciidamada Difaaca Israa'iil inay noqdaan kuwo hal-abuur badan)], ''Srugim'', 7 Juun 2018.</ref> Walaalkiis Michael Ben Ezra wuxuu soo noqday saynisyahanka ugu sarreeya (CTO) ee Ciidanka Dhulka Israa'iil, wuxuuna hoggaamiyay horumarinta nidaamyo badan oo tiknoolajiyadeed.<ref name="michael-globes">Yuval Azulai, [https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1001285063 נא להכיר: מנהל הטכנולוגיות הראשון של החי"רניקים בצה"ל (Baro: maareeyihii ugu horreeyay ee tiknoolajiyadda ee ciidamada lugta ee Ciidamada Difaaca Israa'iil)], ''Globes'', 8 Maajo 2019.</ref> Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa khabiir-hiwaayad dhinaca dheemanka ah. Walaalkiis Hananel Ben Ezra wuxuu ka mid yahay madaxda barnaamijka horumarinta nidaamka hubka laysarka "Or Eitan", oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Iron Beam" iyo "Magen Or",<ref name="hananel-calcalist">Yuval Azulai, [https://www.calcalist.co.il/local_news/article/b1ftcy4q2 מפתחי מערכת הלייזר "מגן אור": "ייתכן שלא נצטרך להפעיל אזעקות בעורף" (Horumariyeyaasha nidaamka laysarka “Magen Or”: “waxaa dhici karta inaanan u baahnayn inaan digniino ka yeerno gudaha dalka”)], ''Calcalist'', 26 Abriil 2023.</ref> wuxuuna xitaa ku guuleystay [[Abaalmarinta Nobel]] ee [[Fiisigis|fiisigiska]]. == Xiriirro dibadeed == * Ariel Kahana, [https://www.israelhayom.co.il/magazine/hashavua/article/20690819 אתגר חייו של "הגאון": מיהו איש המפתח החדש שמונה בידי נתניהו (Caqabadda noloshiisa ee “garaadka”: waa kuma shakhsiga muhiimka ah ee cusub ee Netanyahu magacaabay?)], ''Israel Hayom'', 4 Juun 2026. * Shmuel Ben Ezra, [https://www.nli.org.il/en/dissertations/NNL_ALEPH990047787930205171/NLI 'הרתעה אסטרטגית' במרחב הקיברנטי: שינוי התפיסה או התאמות מקומיות? (“Ka-hortagga istaraatiijiga ah” ee goobta saybarka: isbeddel aragtiyeed mise la-qabsiyo maxalli ah?)], shaqo cilmi-baariseed, Maktabadda Qaranka ee Israa'iil. * [https://www.gov.il/en/pages/spoke-shomron240726 PM Netanyahu Holds Security Consultation], Xafiiska Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Israa'iil, 24 Luulyo 2026. * [https://shabellemedia.com/israaiil-oo-muwaadiniinteeda-uga-digtay-safarka-somaliland-xilli-ay-soo-dhow-yihiin-ciidaha-yuhuudda/ Israa’iil oo muwaadiniinteeda uga digtay safarka Somaliland xilli ay soo dhow yihiin ciidaha Yuhuudda], ''Shabelle Media Network'', 6 Sebteembar 2026. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Dad nool]] sutor4et8hw0scu7d0i12e15vrivqld 0 53404 310029 309970 2026-10-05T07:29:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 310029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Masoud Pezeshkian | native_name_lang = <!--If a person has multiple native names {{lang}} is used instead in the native_name parameter--> | native_name = <!--Pezeshkian was of Azerbaijani and Kurdish descent, and spoke Persian, Kurdish and Azerbaijani. Because of this, he has three native names, and all of them should not be put here.--> | image = Masoud Pezeshkian 2025 (cropped).jpg | caption = Pezeshkian ee 2025 | office = [[Madaxweynaha Iiraan]] | 1blankname = {{nowrap|[[Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan|Hogaamiyaha Sare]]}} | 1namedata = [[Ali Khamenei]] <br /> [[Mojtaba Khamenei]]{{efn|Intii u dhaxaysay geeridii [[Ali Khamenei]] ee 28kii Febraayo iyo doorashadii [[Mojtaba Khamenei]] ee 8dii Maarso, gole hoggaamineed KMG ah oo ka koobnaa Pezeshkian, Garsooraha Sare [[Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i]], iyo [[Alireza Arafi]] ayaa loo xilsaaray in ay sii wadaan waajibaadka hogaamiyaha sare.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Reals|first=Tucker|date=1 Maarso 2026|title=Iran names three men for interim Leadership Council to pick next supreme leader|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/us-iran-war-israel-supreme-leader-khamenei-funeral-day-2/|access-date=1 Maarso 2026|website=CBS News|language=en-US}}</ref>}} | 2blankname = [[Madaxweyne Ku Xigeenka Iiraan|Madaxweyne Ku Xigeenka]] | 2namedata = [[Mohammad Reza Aref]] | term_start = 28 Luulyo 2024 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Ebrahim Raisi]]{{efn|[[Mohammad Mokhber]] wuxuu u adeeegayay sida madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah intii u dhaxaysay geeridii Raisi iyo caleemo saarkii Pezeshkian.}} | office1 = Xubin ka tirsan [[Golaha Hoggaaminta KMG ah]] | term_start1 = 1 Maarso 2026 | term_end1 = 8 Maarso 2026 | alongside1 = [[Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i]] iyo [[Alireza Arafi]] | predecessor1 = Ali Khamenei (sida Hogaamiyaha Sare) | successor1 = Mojtaba Khamenei (sida Hogaamiyaha Sare) | order2 = | term_start2 = | term_end2 = | president2 = | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | office3 = [[Golaha La-tashiga Islaamiga ah|Xubin ka tirsan Golaha La-tashiga]] | term_start3 = 27 May 2008 | term_end3 = | constituency3 = [[Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district)|Tabriz, Osku iyo Azarshahr]] ([[East Azerbaijan]]) | majority3 = 261,605 (36.27%) | alongside3 = [[Mohammad Hossein Farhanghi|Farhanghi]], [[Alirezabeigi]], [[Zahra Saei|Saei]], [[Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi|Saeidi]] iyo [[Shahabaddin Bimeghdar|Bimeghdar]] | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | office4 = [[Wasaaradda Caafimaadka iyo Waxbarashada Caafimaadka|Wasiirka Caafimaadka iyo Waxbarashada Caafimaadka]] | president4 = [[Mohammad Khatami]] | term_start4 = 22 Agoosto 2001 | term_end4 = 24 Agoosto 2005 | predecessor4 = [[Mohammad Farhadi]] | successor4 = [[Kamran Bagheri Lankarani]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|9|29|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Mahabad]], Iiraan | website = {{URL|drpezeshkian.ir}} | profession = [[Dhaktarka qaliinka wadnaha]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Sayniska Caafimaadka ee Tabriz]] ([[MBBS]])<br />[[Jaamacadda Sayniska Caafimaadka ee Iiraan]] | spouse = Fatemeh Majidi (geeriyootay 1994) | children = 4, oo uu ku jiro [[Yousef Pezeshkian|Yousef]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahangar |first1=Ali |title=مسعود پزشكيان؛ كسي كه مثل هيچ كس نيست |url=https://www.etemadnewspaper.ir/fa/main/detail/218050/ |website=Etemaad Daily |access-date=29 Juun 2024 |language=fa}}</ref> | party = [[Siyaasiga madaxbannaan|Madaxbannaan]] | other_party = [[Isloobixiyeyaasha Iiraan|Isloobixiyeyaasha]] | signature = Masoud Pezeshkian signature.svg | allegiance = Iiraan | branch = [[Ciidanka Ilaalada Kacaanka Islaamiga]] | battles = [[Dagaalkii Iiraan iyo Ciraaq]] }} '''Masoud Pezeshkian'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|m|æ|ˈ|s|uː|d|_|p|ə|z|ɛ|ʃ|ˈ|k|iː|.|ɑː|n}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pezeshkian, Masoud |url=https://pronounce.voanews.com/modal.phrasedetail.php?id=20167 |access-date=1 Maarso 2026 |website=VOA Pronunciation Guide}}</ref>{{bulleted list|{{langx|fa|مسعود پزشکیان}} {{IPA|fa|mæsˈʔuːd-e pezeʃkiˈjɒːn|}}}}}} (dhashay 29 Sebtembar 1954) waa siyaasi reer Iiraan ah iyo [[dhakhtar qaliinka wadnaha ah]] kaas oo u adeegayay sidii [[madaxweynaha Iiraan]] tan iyo 2024. Xubin ka tirsan [[Isloobixiyeyaasha Iiraan|garabka isloobixiyeyaasha]], waa qofka ugu da'da weyn ee ka shaqeeya booskan, isagoo xafiiska la wareegay isagoo 69 jir ah. Isagoo ku dhashay [[Mahabad]], [[Galbeedka Azerbaijan]], oo ka soo jeeda qoys [[Iraaniyan ah oo Azerbaijan ah]] iyo [[Kurds in Iran|Kurdish ah]], Pezeshkian wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay [[Jaamacadda Sayniska Caafimaadka ee Tabriz]] oo wata shahaadada caafimaadka wuxuuna u adeeegay sidii dhakhtar u jooga askarta Iiraan ee ku sugan [[Dagaalkii Iiraan iyo Ciraaq]] (1980–1988). Pezeshkian wuxuu soo noqday guddoomiyaha gobollada [[Piranshahr]] iyo [[Naghadeh]] waxaana xirfadiisa siyasadeed bilaabatay 1997 markii uu ku biiray maamulkii [[Mohammad Khatami]] oo ahaa Wasiir Ku Xigeenka Caafimaadka. Wuxuu soo noqday [[Wasiirka Caafimaadka iyo Waxbarashada Caafimaadka]] laga soo bilaabo 2001 ilaa 2005. Waxaa loo doortay baarlamaanka shan jeer isagoo matalaya [[Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district)|degmada doorashada Tabriz, Osku iyo Azarshahr]] laga soo bilaabo 2008 ilaa 2024, wuxuuna ahaa Guddoomiye Ku Xigeenka Koowaad laga soo bilaabo 2016 ilaa 2020. Isagoo isu soo bandhigay mid dhexdhexaad ah, wuxuu ku guuleystay [[2024 Iranian presidential election|doorashadii madaxweynaha Iiraan ee 2024]] ee ka soo horjeeday murashaxii [[Mabaadi'da Iiraan|mabaadi'da]] [[Saeed Jalili]]. Pezeshkian wuxuu madaxweynanimadiisa ku bilaabay inuu sii wado taageerada "[[Xudunta Iska caabinta]]" ee [[Khilaafka wakiilada Iiraan iyo Israa'iil]]. Maamulkiisu wuxuu difaacay [[October 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel|duqeymtii gantaallada Iiraan ee Oktoobar 2024 ee Israa'iil]] taasoo jawaab u ahayd dilalkii Israa'iil u geysatay hoggaamiyihii [[Hamas]] [[Ismail Haniyeh]], hoggaamiyihii [[Hezbollah]] [[Hassan Nasrallah]], iyo sarkaal milatari oo reer Iiraan ah [[Abbas Nilforoushan]]. Pezeshkian wuxuu rajaynayay inuu soo nooleeyo [[Qorshaha Wada-jirka ah ee Waxqabadka|heshiiskii]] lala galay Maraykanka ee ku saabsan [[barnaamijka nukliyeerka Iiraan]], iyadoo beddelkeeda laga qaadayo [[cunaqabateynta caalamiga ah ee ka dhan ah Iiraan|cunaqabateynta caalamiga ah ee saaran]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kadib duqeymihii Israa'iil ee Juun 2025, xiisaduhu waxay isu rogeen [[Dagaalkii Laba Maalmood iyo Tobanka Ahaa|Dagaalkii 12-ka Maalmood]] intii lagu jiray taas oo isku day dil ah oo aan guuleysan lagu sameeyay. Kadib [[dilkii Ali Khamenei]] ee 28kii Febraayo 2026, Pezeshkian wuxuu si ''[[ex officio]]'' ah uga mid noqday [[Golaha Hoggaaminta KMG ah]]. Tan iyo markaas, dowladiisa rayidka ah waxaa si culus uga jeexjeexay go'aanada milatari iyo amniga [[Ciidanka Ilaalada Kacaanka Islaamiga]] (IRGC), inkastoo la siiyay ogolaansho uu kula xaajoodo [[Xusuusin Islamabad|memorandum-ka fahamka]] Mojtaba Khamenei, taasoo u ogolaaneysa inay la tacaasho dhinaca gudaha iyo dhaqaalaha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stickings |first=Tim |title=Iran rift widens as supreme leader tells ministers to stop publicising problems |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2026/08/28/iran-rift-widens-as-supreme-leader-tells-ministers-to-stop-publicising-countrys-problems/ |access-date=29 Agoosto 2026 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> == Nolloshiisii hore iyo waxbarashada == Masoud Pezeshkian wuxuu ku dhashay [[Mahabad]], Galbeedka Azerbaijan, 29 Sebtembar 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2024 |title=مسعود پزشکیان کیست؟ |trans-title=Waa ayhel Masoud Pezeshkian? |url=https://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/790680/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA |access-date=28 Juun 2024 |website=[[Entekhab]] |language=fa}}</ref> Waalidkiis, Mohammadali Pezeshkian iyo Mahboubeh Soudbakhsh, waxay labaduba ka soo jeedeen [[Urmia]] waxayna u guureen Mahabad shaqo raadis ka hor dhalashadiisa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=زندگی من در یک نگاه {{!}} دکتر مسعود پزشکیان {{!}} رئیس جمهوری اسلامی ایران |url=https://drpezeshkian.ir/biography/ |access-date=15 Febraayo 2026 |work= |language=fa-IR}}</ref> Wuxuu si xariif ah ugu hadlayay luqadaha Azariga iyo Kurdiga waxaana badanaa la sheegayay inuu ka soo jeedo qoys isku dhafan oo Azeri iyo Kurdish ah,<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 Luulyo 2024 |title=Masoud Pezeshkian: The reformist now Iran's president-elect |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cmm25dq14j3o |access-date=2 Maarso 2026 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fassihi |first=Farnaz |date=16 Luulyo 2024 |title=Iran's New President Promises Changes. Can He Deliver? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/16/world/middleeast/iran-new-president-pezeshkian.html |access-date=6 Maarso 2026 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 Luulyo 2024 |title=Masoud Pezeshkian, a heart surgeon who rose to power in parliament, runs to be Iran's next president |url=https://arab.news/ym9qh |access-date=6 Maarso 2026 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 Juun 2024 |title=The Guardian view on Iran's presidential election: more choice, but little real hope of change |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/jun/14/the-guardian-view-on-irans-presidential-election-more-choice-but-little-real-hope-of-change |access-date=6 Maarso 2026 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB}}</ref> inkastoo uu u arkayay naftiisa iyo labadiisa waalidba inay yihiin [[Turkiga Iiraan|Turki]] buuxa.<ref name="Fararu">{{Cite web |title=مسعود پزشکیان در هر فرصتی بر تُرک بودن خود تأکید می‌کند |trans-title=Masoud Pezeshkian wuxuu ku nuuxnuuxsaday Turkigiisa fursad kasta |url=http://fararu.com/fa/news/747553/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%87%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1%DA%A9-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D8%A3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF |access-date=17 Luulyo 2024 |website=Fararu |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.poliqon.info/iranin-yeni-prezidenti-kimdir-%C2%A0-atam-da,-anam-da-turkdur-demisdi-552266-xeber.html?lang=az |title=İranın yeni prezidenti kimdir? - "Atam da, anam da türkdür" demişdi |date=6 Luulyo 2024 |website=Poliqon.info |language=az |access-date=29 Nofeembar 2024 |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202045558/https://mobile.poliqon.info/iranin-yeni-prezidenti-kimdir-%C2%A0-atam-da,-anam-da-turkdur-demisdi-552266-xeber.html?lang=az |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/articles/ce78n8915lgo|title=İran prezidentliyinə namizəd Məsud Pezeşkian: "Mən türkəm. Azərbaycanda dünyaya gəlmişəm"|date=3 Luulyo 2024|publisher=BBC|language=az|access-date=2 Maarso 2026}}</ref> Sannadkii 1973, wuxuu helay [[shahaadadiisa]] wuxuuna u guuray [[Zabol]] si uu u guto waajibaadkiisa adeegga qasabka ah. Intii lagu jiray muddadan ayuu xiiso u yeeshay [[caafimaadka]]. Kadib markii uu dhammeeyay adeeggiisa, wuxuu ku noqday gobolkiisii hooyo, halkaas oo uu ka galay [[Jaamacadda Sayniska Caafimaadka ee Tabriz]] kana qalin jabiyay shahaadada caafimaadka. ==Shaqada caafimaadka== Intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Iiraan iyo Ciraaq]] (1980–1988), Pezeshkian wuxuu badanaa booqday khadadka hore, halkaas oo uu masuul ka ahaa dirista kooxaha caafimaadka iyo ka shaqeynta dagaalyahan iyo dhakhtar ahaan. Wuxuu dhameeyay koorsadiisa [[dhakhtarka guud]] 1985, wuxuuna bilaabay inuu baro [[fizioloji]] kuliyada caafimaadka. Dagaalka kadib, Pezeshkian wuxuu sii waday waxbarashadiisa, isagoo ku takhasusay [[qaliinka guud]] oo uu ka bartay [[Jaamacadda Sayniska Caafimaadka ee Tabriz]]. Sannadkii 1993, wuxuu helay shahaadada [[takhasuska gaarka ah]] ee [[qaliinka wadnaha]] oo uu ka qaatay [[Jaamacadda Sayniska Caafimaadka ee Iiraan]]. Kadib wuxuu noqday khabiir ku takhasusay qaliinka wadnaha, taasoo u horseeday inuu noqdo madaxweynaha Jaamacadda Sayniska Caafimaadka ee Tabriz laga soo bilaabo 1994 ilaa 1999.<ref name=tabnak/><ref name="wintour" /> == Shaqada Siyaasadda == Sannadkii 1997, shaqadii siyaasadeed ee Pezeshkian waxay bilaabatay markii uu ku biiray maamulkii [[Mohammad Khatami]] isagoo ah Wasiir Ku Xigeenka Caafimaadka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Iran Elects New President After Death Of Former President Raisi |url=https://www.ssj.news/p/iran-elects-new-president-after-death}}</ref> Wuxuu ahaa wasiirka caafimaadka Iiraan laga soo bilaabo 2001 ilaa 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 May 2010 |title=Persian Press Review |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=220282 |accessdate=9 Sebtembar 2010 |work=[[Tehran Times]]}}</ref><ref name=tabnak>{{Cite web |title=در مورد مسعود پزشکیان در ویکی‌تابناک بیشتر بخوانید |trans-title=Wax badan ka ogow Masoud Pezeshkian ee Wiki Tabnak |url=https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/tags/5287/1/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86 |access-date=10 Juun 2024 |website=Tabnak |language=fa}}</ref> Sannadkii 2003, iyadoo uu ahaa wasiirka caafimaadka, Pezeshkian wuxuu la kulmay codka xil ka qaadista oo uga yimid [[Golaha La-tashiga Islaamiga ah]], isagoo ka badbaaday 170 cod oo u codeeyay, 60 cod oo ka soo horjeestay, iyo 5 ka aamusay.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/164/Health-Minister-Survives-Impeachment-Vote|title=Health Minister Survives Impeachment Vote|date=17 Juun 2003|website=[[Mehr News Agency]]}}</ref> Markii uu dhammeeyay xilkiisa oo uu ka tagay wasaaradda, wuxuu dib u billaabay shaqadiisii caafimaadka ee Tabriz.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Boroujerdi |first1=Mehrzad |last2=Rahimkhani |first2=Kourosh |title=Postrevolutionary Iran: A Political Handbook |publisher=Syracuse University Press |location=Syracuse, New York |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-8156-3574-1 |page=663}}</ref> Waxaa loo doortay [[Baarlamaanka Iiraan]] shan jeer, laga soo bilaabo 2008 ilaa 2024, isagoo matalaya [[Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district)|Tabriz, Osku iyo Azarshahr]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 Luulyo 2024 |title=Iran's gets a 'reformist' President, but here's a catch: He is also a 'loyalist' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/irans-gets-a-reformist-president-but-heres-a-catch-he-is-also-a-loyalist-13791618.html |access-date=15 Nofeembar 2024 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Standeford |first=Donald |title=Iran Elects New President After Death Of Former President Raisi |url=https://www.ssj.news/p/iran-elects-new-president-after-death |date=7 Luulyo 2024 |website=SSJ News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 Luulyo 2024 |title=Masoud Pezeshkian at Muharram Mourning Ceremony with Revolution Leader |url=http://goftarnews.com/masoud-pezeshkian-muharram-mourning-ceremony/ |access-date=15 Nofeembar 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wuxuu soo noqday guddoomiye ku xigeenka koowaad ee baarlamaanka laga soo bilaabo 2016 ilaa 2020. Wuxuu u dooday in waxbarashada {{lang|az|türk dili}} ({{lit|luqadda Turkiga}}) ay noqoto mid bilaash ah oo ka jirta Iiraan.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/masoud-pezeshkian/3189521.html | trans-title= Xildhibaanka Tabriz wuxuu ka soo horjeestay xayiraadda waxbarashada luqadda Turkiga | title= Təbriz millət vəkilindən türk dilində təhsil yasağına etiraz | date= 13 Febraayo 2016 | website= [[Voice of America]] | language= az | access-date= 11 Abriil 2025}}</ref> Sannadkii 2016, waxaa loo doortay madaxa [[Fraction of Turkic regions|Garabka Gobollada Turkiga]] — kaas oo la dhisay si uu u taageero xaqqa waxbarashada ee [[Luqadaha Turkiga]] ee Iiraan, isla markaana ah kooxdii ugu horreysay ee [[Siyaasadda aqoonsiga|dhaqanka qowmiyadeed siyasadeed]] ee taariikhda [[Taariikhda Iiraan|Iiraan]] oo matalaad ku leh [[sharci-dejinta]] qaran.<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkic speakers join forces in Iran's parliament|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2017/01/iran-parliament-faction-turkic-speakers-azeri-pezeshkian.html|publisher=[[Al Monitor]]|date=18 Janaayo 2017|access-date=10 Abriil 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |trans-title=100 xildhibaan oo ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Iiraan ayaa aasaasay 'Garabka Gobollada Turkiga'|title=İran Parlamentinin 100 millət vəkili 'Türk Bölgələri Fraksiyası'nı təsis edib|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/iran-parlamenti-turk-bolgeler-fraksiyasi/3572649.html|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|date=31 Oktoobar 2016|access-date=10 Abriil 2025|language=az}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|trans-title="Garab ka kooban xildhibaano Turki ah ayaa laga aasaasay baarlamaanka Iiraan"|title=İran parlamentində "türk deputatlardan ibarət fraksiya yaradılıb"|url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/international-37827914|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=31 Oktoobar 2016|access-date=10 Abriil 2025|language=az}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} mf2a5xs6gcbzoulqzorskgt4lxdbxto