Wikipedia stwiki https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leqephe_la_pele MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 9365 41270 31627 2026-09-22T00:15:57Z InternetArchiveBot 8513 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41270 wikitext text/x-wiki Divine Lunga (o hlahile ka la 28 Motsheanong 1995) ke sebapadi sa bolo ya maoto sa [[Zimbabwe|Se-Zimbabwe]] se bapalang e le mosireletsi bakeng sa [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] le sehlopha sa naha sa bolo sa naha ya Zimbabwe.<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/players/devine-lunga/553434/</ref><ref>https://www.soccer24.co.zw/2021/07/09/official-divine-lunga-joins-mamelodi-sundowns/</ref> == Mosebetsi wa sehlopha == === Mosebetsi wa pele === Lunga o ile a qala ho bapala bolo ya maoto a le lldilemo di 9, a kena Ajax Hotspurs ya Mpopoma. O ile a saena le Chicken Inn ka 2012, a bapala bakeng sa dihlopha tsa Under-18 le B pele a fallela sehlopheng sa pele.<ref>https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/i-thought-my-career-was-over-lunga/</ref> === Sehlopha sa Golden Arrows === Ka Phupu 2018, Lunga o ile a saena le sehlopha sa [[Afrika Borwa]] sa Lamontville Golden Arrows. <ref>https://www.bmetro.co.zw/golden-arrows-sign-divine-lunga/</ref> O ile a qala ho bapala sehlopheng sena ka la 5 Phato 2018 mme ba hlola ka 2-0 kgahlanong le Maritzburg United.<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/08/05/south-africa/psl/maritzburg-united/golden-arrows/2855707/</ref> O ile a fumana ntlha ya hae ya pele ya sehlopha ka la 14 Mmesa 2019 papading eo ba bapetseng ka ho lekana ka 1 ho 1 le AmaZulu F.C. , se thusitsweng ke Richard Matloga, moo se ileng sa hlaba ntlha motsotsong wa bo 18 mme sa etsa hore dintlha e be 1 ho 1. <ref>https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/04/14/south-africa/psl/golden-arrows/amazulu/2859177/</ref>Kamora ho bapala ha hae mohopeng wa Matjhaba wa Afrika ka 2019, ho ile ha tlalehwa thahasello ho Lunga ho tswa dihlopheng tse mmalwa tsa Mafora le tsa Belgium, ho kenyeletswa K.R.C. Genk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.thehararetimes.com/belgian-club-genk-interested-in-divine-lunga/ |access-date=2024-11-10 |archive-date=2019-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009174640/https://www.thehararetimes.com/belgian-club-genk-interested-in-divine-lunga/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.soccer24.co.zw/2019/07/12/belgian-and-french-teams-after-divine-lunga-agent/</ref> === Mamelodi Sundowns === Ka Phupu 2021, Lunga o ile a phatlaltswa e le sebapadi se secha sa Mamelodi Sundowns.   == Mosebetsi wa matjhaba == Lunga o ile a qala ho bapala mose ho mawatle ka la 21 Phuptjane 2015 ka tlholo ya 2-0 ho Comoros nakong elya ditlholisano tsa 2016 African Nations Championship.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/13360/Zimbabwe_Comoros.html</ref> O ile a kenngwa sehlopheng sa Zimbabwe sa 2019 sa Afrika Cup of Nations<ref>https://www.cafonline.com/total-africa-cup-of-nations/news/zimbabwe-name-final-squad</ref>, a bapala dipapading tsa bona kgahlanong le Egepeta<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/06/21/africa/africa-cup-of-nations/egypt/zimbabwe/3008081/</ref> le Uganda.<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/06/26/africa/africa-cup-of-nations/uganda/zimbabwe/3008084/</ref> == Mehlodi == <references /> == Mehlodi yaka ntle == https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/59717.html 2i2nnubgmzny56s9m3f5t6o3gfighg6 0 10439 41272 37891 2026-09-22T01:18:11Z InternetArchiveBot 8513 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41272 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marylize Biubwa''' ke Mofumahadi mohlabani wa Kenya wa tshebedisano. Boitshebetso ba Biubwa bo ipapisitse le toka ya setjhaba ka ho hatisa ho se lekane ha bong, ha bo-feminist ba bona ba fapane ebile ba shebile ditokelo tsa botho.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://thelgbtafrica.com/interview-feature-with-marylize-biubwa/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |archive-date=2022-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615033855/https://thelgbtafrica.com/interview-feature-with-marylize-biubwa/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Batho ba batsho ebile ha ba na li-binary lesbian mme ba sebedisa di-pronouns tsa bona/bona.<ref>https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/African-lgbtq-activists-who-changed-africa/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220615030857/https://yazakenya.com/news/i-m-a-lesbian-and-a-human-rights-activist</ref> [[File:Marylize_Biubwa_03.jpg|thumb|Marylize Biubwa e seng binary, lesbian, moshemane ya nang le maikutlo a fetelletseng wa batho ba batsho wa Kenya]] == Mehlodi == {{reflist}} 83blv8p5wn977hricoyz3upt96nttgv 0 10903 41274 40942 2026-09-22T01:57:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8513 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41274 wikitext text/x-wiki Castle of Good Hope (ka Sedutch: ''Kasteel de Goede Hoop''; ka Seafrikaans: ''Kasteel die Goeie Hoop'')<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180528051834/https://www.iol.co.za/castle-of-good-hope-350/castle350-capes-bastion-of-history-2086709</ref> ke qhobosheane e nang le mahlakore a mahlano e hahiloeng lekholong la bo-17 la dilemo Cape Town, [[Afrika Borwa]]. Qalong e ne e le lebopong la leoatle la Table Bay, empa ka lebaka la mosebetsi wa ho eketsa sebaka sa naha ka ho tlatsa metsi sebakeng sa Foreshore, qhobosheane ena jwale e fumaneha ka hare ho naha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/ |access-date=2026-09-03 |archive-date=2026-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260831105331/https://castleofgoodhope.co.za/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Qhobosheane ena e pota-potiloe ke mochannel. Ka selemo sa 1936, qhobosheane ena e ile ya phatlalatswa e le sehopotso sa nalane. Hona joale ke sebaka sa lefa la setso sa profinse, mme ka moraa ho nchafatsoa ha eona lilemong tsa bo-1980, e nkwa e le mohlala o bolokiloeng hantle ka ho fetisisa wa qhobosheane ea Dutch East India Company.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190413070754/https://www.places.co.za/html/ct_castle.html</ref> == Nalane == Qhobosheane ena, e hahilweng ke khamphani Ya Dutch East India pakeng tsa dilemo tsa bo1666 le 1679, ke moaho oa khale ka ho fetisisa o ntseng o le teng Afrika Borwa.E ile ea nkela sebaka qhobosheane ea khale e bitsoang Fort de Goede Hoop, e neng e hahiloe ka letsopa le lehong ke Jan van Riebeeck ha a fihla Cape of Good Hope ka 1652.[2] Ho ile ha hahuwa liqhobosheane tse nyane tse peli—Redoubt Kyckuit (Sebaka sa ho Shebella) le Redoubt Duijnhoop (Morwallo wa Lehlabathe)—molomong wa Noka ya Salt ka 1654. Sepheo sa ho theha sebaka sa bodulo sa Madache (Dutch) Cape e ne e le ho fana ka disebediswa le dijo bakeng sa likepe tse neng di feta lebopong le kotsi le potolohileng Cape nakong ya maeto a malelele pakeng tsa Netherlands le Dutch East Indies (eo hona joale e leng Indonesia). Ka selemo sa 1664, dikgohlano dipakeng tsa Great Britain le Netherlands di ile tsa mpefala ka lebaka la menyenyetsi ea ntoa. Selemong sona seo, Molaoli Zacharias Wagenaer, ea ileng a hlahlama Jan van Riebeeck, o ile a laeloa ke Komishinara Isbrand Goske ho haha ​​qhobosheane ea majoe e nang le mahlakore a mahlano. Lejwe la pele le ile la behoa ka la 2 Pherekhong selemong sa 1666. Qhobosheane ena e ile ea hahuwa ka karolo e nngwe ke basebetsi ba neng ba le makhoba. Mokhatlo oa VOC o ne o sa tsebe hantle palo ya baahi ba sebaka seo, kahoo o ne o tshaba hore ho ka ba le borabele haeba ba ka ba etsa makgoba; ho e-na le hoo, ba ile ba tlisa batho ba ka bang 60,000 ba entsoeng makhoba ho tswa dinaheng tsa Madagascar, Mozambique, Dutch-Indies le [[India]].Mosebetsi o ne o sitisoa kgafetsa hobane Khamphani ea Dutch East India e ne e sa batle ho sebelisa chelete morerong oo. Ka la 2 Mmesa 1679, liqhobosheane tse nyane tse ka hare ho qhobosheane e kholo (tse bitswang *bastions*) li ile tsa reoa mabitso a ipapisitseng le litlotla tse kholo tsa William III wa Orange-Nassau: Leerdam ka bophirima, 'me tsa latelana ka tsela ea ho potoloha ha oache e le Buuren, Katzenellenbogen, Nassau le Oranje.[2] Mabitso ana a diqhobosheane tsena a sebelisitsoe e le mabitso a literata libakeng tse fapaneng tsa bolulo liprofinseng tse fapaneng, haholo-holo haufi le Cape Town, joalo ka Stellenberg le Bellville. [[File:Kasteel_de_Goede_Hoop_circa_1680.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Qhobosheane ya Good Hope ka 1680]] Ka selemo sa 1682 monyako o kwetsweng o ile oa nka sebaka sa monyako wa kgale, o neng o shebile lewatle. Ho ile ha hahoa tora ya tshepe e neng e le ka holimo ho monyako o moholo ka 1684 - tshepe ya pele, e leng eona ea khale ka ho fetisisa Afrika Boroa, e ile ea betloa [[Amsterdam]] ka selemo sa 1697 ke moqapi wa tshepe wa East Frisian [[:fy:Claude Fremy|Claude Fremy]], mme e boima ba dikhilograma tse fetang 300. E ne e sebelisoa ho phatlalatsa nako, hammoho le ho lemosa baahi ka kotsi, kaha e ne e ka utluwa ho tloha dikhilomithara tse 10. E ne e boetse e letswa ho bitsa baahi le masole ha ho hlokahala hore ho etswe diphatlalatso tsa bohlokwa. Mongodi wa Mofora François-Timoléon de Choisy e ne e le karolo ya sehlopha se ileng sa fana ka thepa qhobosheaneng ka June 1685 tseleng e yang Siam, mme a hlalosa mohaho ka tsela ena:<blockquote>"Qhobosheane ena e kgahleha haholo. Matlo a na le matlo a kwahetsweng haholo ke lehlaka, empa a hlwekile ebile a lesweu hoo u tsebang hore ke a Madache. Ho na le serapa seo Khamphani e se behileng; nka rata hore se be sekgutlong sa Versailles. Ho ya kamoo mahlo a ka se bonang ho na le ho tsamaya ha difate tsa lamunu le dimela tsa lemone, dirapa tsa meroho, di-espaliers le diifate tsa banyenyane, kaofela di kgethollwa ke didiba tsa metsi a hlwekileng... "[8]</blockquote>Nakong ya ho dula ha hae, de Choisy o ile a kopana le Mokhomishenara-Kakaretso wa Madache le mohlabani wa Mofora ya bitswang de Saint-Martin, ha litho tse ling tsa mokga di tsoma "di-partridge, di-roe deer le dikolopata. Mokhomishenara-Kakaretso o ile a eketsa dikolobe tse nyane tse anyesang le veine e tswang [[Canary Islands|Lihlekehleke tsa Canary]] ho di-rations tsa bona, tse bontšang hore ba ne ba e-na le thepa ya bona. de Choisy o hlokometse hore ka nako eo, dikepe tse fetang 25 tsa Dutch East India Company di ne di emisa selemo le selemo Cape ho nka ditokisetso tsa dinku, veine, ditholwana le meroho. Qhobosheane ena e ne e e-na le kereke, sebaka sa ho baka bohobe, lithupelo tse fapaneng, matlo a bolulo, mabenkele le diteronko, hara meaho e meng. Mmala o mosehla o neng o pentilwe mabotong o ne o khethiloe qalong hobane o ne o fokotsa phello ya motjheso le letsatsi. Lebota le hahiloeng ho sireletsa baahi ha ho ka ba le tlhaselo le arola lebala la ka hare; lebaleng lena ho boetse ho na le Balcony ea De Kat, e ileng ya ralwa ke Louis Michel Thibault 'me ea khabisoa ka litšoantšo tse betlilweng le tse hlahelletseng hodima bokaholimo ba tsona ke Anton Anreith. Moaho oa pele o ile oa hahuoa ka 1695, empa oa hahuoa botjha ka sebopeho sa oona sa hajwale pakeng tsa 1786 le 1790. Ho tloha balkoneng eo, ho ne ho etswa diphatlalatso ho masole, makhoba le baahi ba Cape. Bakwe bo lebisa pokellong ya ditshwantsho le thepa ya kgale ya William Fehr. [mohloli o phatlaladitsweng ka boeona?] Pokello e tsamaiswa ke Iziko Museums of South Africa.<ref>https://www.iziko.org.za/governance/</ref>  E ne e le lehae la Lady Anne Barnard ka nakoana, eo e leng lebitso la e nngwe ya dikamore tsa ketsahalo tsa qhobosheane. Nakong ya Ntwa ya Bobeli ya MaBuru (1899–1902), karolo e nngwe ea qhobosheane e ne e sebelisoa e le teronko, mme dikamore tsa teronko tseo li ntse li le teng le kajeno. Fritz Joubert Duquesne—eo hamorao a ileng a tsejoa e le motho ea ileng a bolaea Kitchener le e le moetapele oa sehlopha sa lihloela sa Duquesne—e ne e le e mong oa batho ba neng ba koaletsoe moo ba tsebahalang haholo. Mabota a qhobosheane a ne a le mahlahahlaha haholo, empa bosiu bo bong le bo bong, Duquesne o ne a epolla samente e potolohileng majoe a sebelisa kgaba ya tshepe. O ile a batla a phonyoha bosiu bo bong, empa lejoe le leholo la thella la mo hatella ka hare ho mokoti oo a neng a o epotse. Hoseng ho hlahlamang, molebeli o ile a mo fumana a sa tsebe letho empa a ntse a phela.<ref>''Taking Chances''. Los Angeles, California: Haynes Corp. p.&#x20;293. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>1-879356-32-5</bdi>.</ref> Ka 1936, Qhobosheane e ile ya phatlalatswa e le sefika sa nalane (ho tloha ka selemo sa 1969 e tsejwa e le Seemahale sa naha mme ho tloha ka la 1 Mmesa selemo sa 2000 e le sebaka sa lefa la provense), sebaka sa pele Afrika Boroa se sireleditsweng jwalo. Ho ile ha etswa liphetoho tse kgolo dilemong tsa bo-1980, ho etsa hore Castle e be mohlala o bolokiloeng hantle ka ho fetisisa wa qhobosheane ea Khamphani ea Dutch East India.<ref name="places">https://web.archive.org/web/20190413070754/https://www.places.co.za/html/ct_castle.html</ref> [[File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_key_ceremony.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Mokete wa ho bula Qhobosheane of Good Hope]] Qhobosheane ena e ne e le ntlo-kgōlō ya sesole sa Afrika Borwa Bophirimela Kapa, mme kajeno e na le Musiamo oa Sesole sa Castle le mehaho ya mokete bakeng sa di-Cape Regiments tsa setso. Qhobosheane ena e boetse e na le Lebotho la Cape Town Highlanders, e leng sehlopha sa maoto se tsamaisang mechine. Bahlokomedi ba Qhobosheane ba ile ba thehwa ka selemo sa 1986. Qalong e ne e le sehlopha sa banna ba 48, empa boholo ba sona bo ile ba fapana dilemong tse latelang. == Tshebeliso ya hona jwale == Jwale qhobosheane e bulehetse baeti.[1] Hoseng ha letsatsi le leng le le leng la mosebetsi ka hora ya leshome, balebedi ba qhobosheane ba bula qhobosheane ka molao bakeng sa baeti ka ho etsa "Mokete wa Senotlolo" — e leng moetlo o thehilweng haholo hodima mekgwa ya boikoetliso ba hoseng haholo e neng e etswa dilemong tse ka bang 300 tse fetileng.[2] Nakong ea dilemo tsa bo-2000, Boto e Laolang ea Castle (Castle Control Board) e ile ea eketsa tshebeliso ea malapa a ka hare, mabala le libaka tsa diketsahalo tsa qhobosheane ena e le dibaka tsa diketsahalo tsa poraefete, tsa setso le tsa 'mino, e leng se ileng sa hlahisa chelete e eketsehileng bakeng sa tlhokomelo le paballo ea sebaka sena sa nalane. Nakong ya lilemo tsa bo-2020, qhobosheane ena e ile ea tšoara liketsahalo tse mmalwa tsa mmino oa sejoale-joale, haholo-holo o kenyelletsang mefuta ea 'mino oa *electronic dance* le mmino oa Afrika. Tse ling tsa liketsahalo tsena li ne li kenyelletsa AfrofestSA (2023), e leng mokete o ketekang mmino le setso sa Afrika;[1] Cape Town Arts Festival (2023), e ileng ea hlahisa DJ Ready D oa Afrika Borwa har'a baetsi ba litšoantšiso;[2] hammoho le Yalla Valhalla (2024), e leng mokete oa 'mino oa *electronic* o hlophisitsoeng ke DJ le moetsi oa 'mino oa Moiseraele, Dino Ben Tovim, moo DJ Dirty Doering oa Jeremane a ileng a hlaha e le e mong oa baetsi ba ka sehloohong. == Musiamo wa Lefa la Cape == Musiamo oa Cape Heritage, o fumanehang ka hare ho Castle of Good Hope e nang le nalane e kholo Afrika Boroa, o tsamaisoa ke Monghali Igshaan Higgins. Musiamo ona o fana ka tlhaloso e akaretsang ea nalane ea Afrika Boroa, o totobatsa likamano lipakeng tsa lichaba tse fapaneng tse kang MaKhoi, MaSan le Madutch, nakong ea linako tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa le mehla ea bolokolohi ba bophirima (colonialism) le khethollo ea morabe (apartheid). O ikemiselitse ho fana ka pono e leka-lekaneng mabapi le lefa le fapaneng la sechaba le nalane ea sona e rarahaneng.[1][2] == Ho tshantsetsa == Pele e nkelwa sebaka ka selemo sa 2003, sebopeho se ikhethang sa qhobosheane ea dikguutlo tse hlano se ne se sebelisoa lifolakeng tsa Sesole sa Ts'ireletso sa Afrika Boroa, se theha motheo wa di-insignia tse ling tsa maemo a maholo le a kaholimo, 'me se ne se sebelisetswa difofane tsa Sesole sa Moea sa Afrika Borwa.<gallery> File:Ensign_of_the_South_African_National_Defence_Force_(1994–2003).svg|Letshwao la South African Defence Force Ensign ho tloha 1994 ho fihla 2003 File:Naval_Ensign_of_South_Africa_(1981–1994).svg|Letshwao la sesole sa metsing ho tloha 1994, le bontshang Qhobosheane File:Roundel_of_South_Africa_(1982–2003).svg|Letshwao la sesole sa moyeng ho tloha 1982 ho fihla 2003 </gallery><gallery> File:Kasteel_van_Goede_Hoop_binnenkant_hoofdingang.JPG|Kgoro e kenang ka hare File:South_Africa_Cape_Town_Castle_Flags.jpg|Difolaga tse tsheletseng tsa nalane ho ya ka dilemo le dinaha tse neng din hapa Qoboshenane, [[Folaga ya Afrika Borwa|Ya ho qetela ke Folaga ya Aforika Borwa e ntjha]] File:Pediment_above_enterance_to_CT_Castle.jpg|Bohodimo ba moaho File:Castle_of_Good_Hope,_Cape_Town_02.jpg|Ho kena File:Castle_of_Good_Hope,_Cape_Town_04.jpg|Kanono File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_-_model_of_the_castle_in_1710-90.jpg|Sebopeho sa qhoboshena sa dilemo tsa 1710 le 1790. File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_(5).jpg|alt= File:Castle_of_Good_Hope,_2014_5.jpg|Ho kena ka ho le letshehadi File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_-_museum.jpg|Mosiamo File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_(7).jpg|Monyako o kenang File:Castle_of_Good_Hope,_2014.jpg|Metsi a potapotileng qhobosheane File:Lady_Anne_Barnard's_bath_at_the_Castle_of_Good_Hope,_Cape_Town.jpg|Sediba sa Lady Anne Barnard File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_-_lion_4.jpg|Tau File:9_2_018_0056-The_Castle_Inside-Cape_Town-s.jpg|Sediba ka hara qhobosheane File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_(11).jpg|Seemahale sa The Lady of the Cape of Good Hope </gallery> * Matlo a matlafatsang a Peninsula ya Cape * Histori ya Kolone ya Cape Pele ho selemo sa 1806 * Pistole ya motšehare * Lethathamo la liqhobosheane le liqhobosheaneng Afrika Borwa * Ntlo ya Tshepo (forte) == Ditlhaloso == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4ku5tv568dimlr9glfek6khqcyai4fe 0 10930 41273 41061 2026-09-22T01:28:49Z InternetArchiveBot 8513 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mmuso wa Mapungubwe''' e ne e le naha ya kgale e neng e le sebakeng seo ka dinoka tsa Shashe le Limpopo di kopanang teng, naheng eo kajeno e tsejwang e le [[Afrika Borwa]], ka boroa ho Great Zimbabwe. Palo ea baahi ba motse-moholo e ne e le 5,000 ka selemo sa 1250, 'me ho ka etsahala hore naha eo e ne e akaretsa sebaka se ka bang 30,000 km² (12,000 sq mi). Hoo e ka bang ka selemo sa 1000 CE, batho ba bang ba setso sa Leopard's Kopje ba ile ba tšela noka ea Limpopo ho ea Bambandyanalo, moo ba neng ba phela ka temo le ho rua liphoofolo; ba ne ba isa mehlape e meholo ea likhomo libakeng tsa ho fula tsa lichaba tse ling—e leng se ileng sa matlafatsa likamano tsa sechaba le tsa lipolotiki—ha ba ntse ba nka karolo khoebong ea Leoatle la India ka litoropo-naha tsa Swahili tse lebopong la Bochabela ba Afrika. Ha nako e ntse e feta, keketseho ea leruo har'a baahi ba neng ba ntse ba eketseha e ile ea baka ho se lekane hoo moralo oa sebaka sa Bambandyanalo o neng o sa lokelang maemo ao a macha. Haufi le selemo sa 1220, nakong eo ho neng ho e-na le komello, batho ba maemo a holimo ba Mapungubwe ba ile ba fallela tlhōrōng ea Thaba ea Mapungubwe, 'me ba lateloa ke baahi ba bang ba ileng ba lula sebakeng se ka tlase ho eona. Hangata lithaba li ne li sebelisoa e le libaka tsa ho etsa meetlo ea ho kopa pula, 'me Thaba ea Mapungubwe e ile ea e-ba sebaka se ikhethang sa mofuta ona; ho lula ha moeta-pele moo ho ile ha bapala karolo e kholo nts'etsopele ea khopolo ea borena bo halalelang. Leruo le lengata le ile la bokelloa ka lekhetho le mefuta e meng ea litefiso, haholo-holo ka lebaka la hore sebaka seo noka ea Limpopo le ea Shashe li kopanang ho sona e ne e le setsi sa khoebo, moo manaka a litlou le khauta li neng li romelloa libakeng tsa lebopo la leoatle le ka bochabela. Ka mor'a liketsahalo tse sa tsejoeng le phetoho ea litsela tsa khoebo ho ea ka leboea hoo e ka bang ka selemo sa 1300, baahi ba Mapungubwe ba ile ba falla ba ea libakeng tse ling. Mehleng ea kajeno, hangata ba amahanngoa le batho ba merabe ea Kalanga (Shona) le Venda. Leha baahi ba moo ba ne ba tseba ka sebaka sena se halalelang, Mapungubwe e ile ea sibolloa hape ke sechaba sa bo-rasaense le mmuso oa bokolone ka selemo sa 1933. Pokello ea lintho tsa khale tse fumanoeng sebakeng sena sa lipatlisiso tsa histori (Mapungubwe Collection) e bolokiloe Musiamong oa Mapungubwe o Pretoria. Sebaka sena se fumaneha Phakeng ya Setjhaba ea Mapungubwe (Mapungubwe National Park) Afrika Boroa, moeling o arolang naha ena le Zimbabwe hammoho le Botswana.<ref>ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215987</ref> Leha ho ne ho nahanoa hore e bile mmuso oa pele oa mofuta oa oona karolong e ka boroa ea Afrika, lipatlisiso tse entsoeng sebakeng se haufi sa Mapela Hill li senola bopaki ba hore ho ne ho e-na le tsamaiso ea borena bo amanang le bolumeli (sacral kingship) lilemong tse ka bang 200 pele ho moo.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/mapungubwe-national-park.html</ref> Lebitso la yona la pele ha le tsejwe. Sebaka sena se ile sa rehwa lebitso la Mapungubwe ho latela melao ya ho reha mabitso e sebediswang ke baithuti ba tsa histori ya mehleng ya kgale (ba-archaeologist), mme lebitso lena la sebediswa le bakeng sa mmuso oo kaofela.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=kingdom%20of%20mapungubwe&f=false</ref> Lebitso la Mapungubwe le bolela "sebaka sa diphukubje (tse ngata)". Dipuong tse fapaneng tsa Se-Bantu, lentsoe "-pungubwe" le bolela diphukubje. Lentsoe "jackal" (phukubje) ke *phunguwe* ka puo ya Sevenda, ha ka puo ya Sesotho sa Leboya e le *phukubje*.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 |access-date=2026-09-04 |archive-date=2025-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622113957/http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Jokrafi == Sebaka se potolohileng Mapungubwe, haufi le Noka ea Limpopo, kajeno se omme 'me se fumana pula e fokolang. Se entsoe ka maralla a majoe a lehlabathe (sandstone), lehlabathe la Kalahari, le naha e koahetsoeng ke lihlahla.  Pakeng tsa selemo sa 1000 le 1200 CE, sebaka sena se ile sa fumana pula e ngata, e ileng ea thusa ho hola ha limela; sena sa hohela liphoofolo tse kang likolobe tsa naha (warthogs), likhomo tsa naha (wildebeests) le linare (buffalo)—hammoho le likokoanyana tsa tsetse. Likhohola tse tsoang Nokeng ea Limpopo li ile tsa hasa limatlafatsi sebakeng se ka thoko ho noka, ho kenyeletsoa le Phuleng ea Mapungubwe moo mobu o neng o fapana ho tloha ho o nang le lehlabathe ho ea ho o nang le letsopa; sena se ne se bolela hore temo e ka etsoa selemo ho pota. == Nalane == === Tshimoloho === Sebaka sena se seholo se ne se ahiloe ke batho ba San ka nako e ka bang lilemo tse 100,000. Sechaba sa pele sa San se ile sa siea lefa le ruileng la litšoantšo tse pentiloeng mahaeng ho pholletsa le Borwa ba Afrika.[1]: 11–2  Batho ba buang lipuo tsa Bantu ba ile ba aha sebakeng sa Phula ea Shashe-Limpopo pakeng tsa selemo sa 350 le 450 CE.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1469605311417364</ref> Tšimoloho ea 'Muso oa Mapungubwe e fumaneha ho Leopard's Kopje, e leng setso sa khale se sibolotsoeng ke baepolli ba lintho tsa khale naheng ea Zimbabwe ea kajeno.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 |access-date=2026-09-04 |archive-date=2025-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622113957/http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==== Schroda (900–1000) ==== ==== K2 (1000–1220) ==== Haufi le selemo sa 1000, batho ba bang ba setso sa Leopard's Kopje ba ile ba falla ba lebile ka boroa ho ea lula sebakeng sa Bambandyanalo (se tsejoang hape e le K2, se ka tlas'a Thaba ea Bambandyanalo), ha batho ba setso sa Zhizo bona ba ne ba falla ba lebile bophirima ho ea lula Toutswe, naheng eo kajeno e tsejoang e le Botswana. Litsebi tse ling li lumela hore likamano tsa bona li ne li tletse bora le likhohlano tsa sesole, leha ho le joalo tse ling li phehella ka hore likamano tseo li ne li rarahane haholoanyane, ebang ke ka tsela ea sechaba kapa ea lipolotiki. <ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006796925891</ref>Ho fihla ha bona ho ile ha tsamaisana le ho qala ha nako ea pula e ngata, e leng se ileng sa eketsa haholo chai ea lijalo. Batho ba Leopard's Kopje ba ne ba bua mofuta oa pele oa puo ea Se-Shona, mohlomong e ne e le Se-Kalanga (Se-Shona sa bophirima). K2 e ne e le motse-moholo, mme ho ka etsahala hore e ne e arotsoe ka libaka tsa bolulo tse neng li laoloa ke hlooho ea lelapa, ha morena eena a ne a e-na le sebaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa. Basali ba ne ba sebetsa koporo, ha banna bona ba ne ba sebetsa tshepe.<ref>https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater</ref> Ba ne ba lema mabele, mahangu, finger millet, linaoa tsa fatše le dinawa tsa mofuta wa cowpea. E le ho sebelisa mobu ka katleho e kholoanyane, mehlape ea likhomo e ne e isoa hole le motse-moholo 'me e lumelloa ho fula mobung oa lichaba tse ling; sena se ne se matlafatsa likamano tsa sechaba le tsa lipolotiki le lichaba tseo, hape se lumella ho ba le mehlape e meholoanyane. Palo ea baahi e ile ea eketseha, 'me ka selemo sa 1200, sebaka sa K2 se ne se na le baahi ba ka bang 1,500. Mekhoa ea ho kopa pula e ne e atile, 'me ka linako tse ling moetapele o ne a hira batho ba tsoang kantle—ba kang batho ba San—bao ho neng ho lumeloa hore ba na le likamano tse khethehileng le meea ea naha ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha bona sebakeng seo nako e telele.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=kingdom%20of%20mapungubwe&f=false</ref> Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, batho ba bang ba sechaba sa Zhizo ba neng ba setse Leokwe (e leng sebaka seo ho ka etsahalang hore se ne se le tlas'a taolo ea K2) ba ne ba ipabola litabeng tsa meetlo le mekete ea setso, hape ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha bona sebakeng seo nako e telele.<ref>https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater</ref> Thomas Huffman o ngotse hore leruo le leholo le hlahisitsoeng ke khoebo ea Leoatle la India le ile la baka ho se lekane ho sa kang ha e-ba teng pele, ha sechaba se ntse se fetoha ho tloha ho hlophisoang ho latela maemo a sechaba ho ea ho lihlopha tsa sechaba, 'me ha hlaha phapang e kholo ea boemo pakeng tsa sehlopha se busang le batho ba tloaelehileng. Ka lebaka leo, tlhophiso ea sebaka sa K2 e ile ea se ke ea hlola e tšoanela tsoelo-pele ena.<ref>https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater</ref> Leha ho le joalo, Mark Horton o ile a pheha khang ea hore libaka tsa kahare tsa Afrika Bochabela li ile tsa rua molemo o fokolang haholo khoebong ea sebaka se selelele ha ho bapisoa le litoropo-naha tsa lebopong la leoatle tsa Baswahili (mohlomong ka lebaka la taolo e felletseng ea khoebo ke Baswahili), 'me Shadreck Chirikure le ba bang ba supile hore moruo (le mohlomong tumello ea puso ea babusi) o ne o thehiloe temong le ho ruuoeng ha liphoofolo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, litsebi Nam Kim le Chapurukha Kusimba li hlalositse hore ts'ebetso ena ea ho theoa ha mmuso e bakiloe ke mekhoa e mecha ea temo, ho bokellana ha likhomo, le tšebeliso ea matla a amanang le meetlo.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/40389424</ref> === Thaba ya Mapungubwe (1220–1300) === [[File:ZimbabweStatesAndTrade.svg|thumb|Mmapa wa ditsi tsa kgwebo Zimbabwean Plateau]] Haufi le selemo sa 1200, nako ea pula e ngata e ile ea fela. Nakong ea komello e matla eo ho ka etsahalang hore e ile ea ama sechaba hampe, baetapele ba borena ba ile ba fallesetsa motse-moholo oa bona Mapungubwe (sebaka sa khale sa meetlo ea ho kopa pula) 'me ba aha holim'a tlhōrō ea oona e bataletseng hoo e ka bang ka selemo sa 1220, ha batho ba bangata ba ne ba lula botlaaseng ba Thaba ea Mapungubwe.  Ho ka etsahala hore motse oa khale o ile oa chesoa e le hore ho buloe tsela bakeng sa o mocha. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/mapungubwe-national-park.html</ref>Thaba ea Mapungubwe e ile ea fetoha sebaka se ikhethang sa meetlo ea ho kopa pula, 'me ho lula ha moetapele moo ho ile ha totobatsa kamano pakeng tsa hae le taba ea ho kopa pula—e leng ntho ea bohlokoa haholo nts'etsopelong ea tsamaiso ea borena bo amanang le litaba tsa moea le bolumeli. Pele ho moo, thaba ena e ne e luloa ke batho ba San, 'me lehaheng le ka lehlakoreng le ka bochabela ho ne ho e-na le litšoantšo tsa bona.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=kingdom%20of%20mapungubwe&f=false</ref> Morena oa pele ("Shiriyadenga" ho latela litloaelo tse ling tsa molomo tsa Venda)[1] o ne a qeta boholo ba nako ea hae a le thoko bakeng sa litšebeletso tsa moetlo, 'me ntlo-khōlō ea hae e ne e le karolong e ka bophirima ea leralla; e ne e kenyelletsa kamore eo morena a neng a ka amohela baeti ho eona, le e 'ngoe moo baeti ba neng ba hlahlojoa teng, hammoho le ntlo ea sengaka sa morena se khethehileng. Ka selemo sa 1250, Mapungubwe e ne e e-na le baahi ba ka bang 5000, ba lulang libakeng tse potolohileng leralla, ba etsa selikalikoe se fanang ka tšireletso. Morena oa bobeli ("Tshidziwelele" ho latela litloaelo tse ling tsa Venda)[1] o ne a e-na le ntlo-khōlō ea hae bohareng ba leralla, a e-na le litokisetso tse tšoanang le tsa eo a mo hlahlamang, leha ho le joalo kamore ea hae ea baeti e ne e arotsoe e le hore baeti ba arohanngoe le morena, eo a neng a buisana le bona ka mohlanka ea sebetsang e le molaoli oa puisano. Marena a ne a e-na le basali ba bangata, 'me ba bang ba bona ba ne ba lula ka ntle ho motse-moholo ho thusa ho boloka maqhama a bonngoe le litšebelisano-mmoho.[2][3]: 38–51  Tsamaiso le sebopeho sa 'muso ha li hlake hantle, leha litsebi li nahana hore li ne li tšoana le tsa 'Muso oa Bapedi.[2]: 71 Moruo o ne o thehiloe temong, 'me mehlape ea likhomo e ne e lisoa hole le motse-moholo e lumelloa ho fula masimong a lichaba tse ling; sena se ile sa thusa ho haha ​​likamano tsa sechaba le tsa lipolotiki hammoho le ho matlafatsa tšusumetso ea Mapungubwe. Leruo le lengata le ile la bokelloa ka mokhoa oa lekhetho kapa menehelo e neng e lefuoa ka lijalo, liphoofolo, le ka linako tse ling ka thepa e sa fumaneheng habonolo.[1][2]: 163  Koporo, khauta le *tin* li ne li sa fumanehe sebakeng sa Phula ea Limpopo-Shashe, 'me ho ka etsahala hore ebe Mapungubwe a ile a li fumana ka lekhetho kapa khoebong, kaha sebaka seo linōka tsa Limpopo le Shashe li kopanang ho sona e ne e le setsi sa khoebo.[3]: 20, 22  Ha ho hlake hore na qobello le likhohlano li ile tsa bapala karolo e kae kholong le matla a puso ea Mapungubwe, kaha lintho tsena li thata ho li bona ka lipatlisiso tsa lintho tsa khale (archaeology). Le hoja mabota a majoe a ne a e-na le morero oa ho khetholla batho ba maemo a holimo ho ba tloaelehileng, a ka 'na a boetse a ile a sebelisoa bakeng sa tšireletso, e leng se bontšang hore ntoa e ne e le ntho e tloaelehileng.[4] Kim le Kusimba, hammoho le Simon Hall, ba boletse hore qobello le pefo li ne li tla ba tsa bohlokoa ho boloka matla a puso.[3]: 92  Mapungubwe a ne a etsa khoebo le libaka tse haufi tse kang Toutswe le Eiland, har'a tse ling, 'me khauta le manaka a litlou li ne li romelloa khoebong ea Leoatle la India ka Sofala. Ha ho tsejoe hantle hore na ke eng e bakileng ho putlama ha Mapungubwe.[c] Elizabeth Anne Voigt o ile a fana ka maikutlo a hore likhomo li ka 'na tsa be li bakile ho senyeha ha mobu nakong ea komello, ha David Killick le Christopher Ehret bona ba re lekholong la bo-13 la lilemo, Kilwa le Mogadishu li ile tsa nka sebaka sa Manda le Shanga e le likou tse kholo tsa khoebo. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea Kilwa, Sofala e ile ea fetoha setsi sa khoebo ea khauta 'me ea ba le monyetla oa ho fihlella ka kotloloho Sebakeng se Phahameng sa Zimbabwe (Zimbabwean Plateau) moo ho neng ho hlahisoa khauta teng, e leng se ileng sa siea Mapungubwe ka thoko khoebong eo.[1]: 96  Chirikure le ba bang ba re litsela tsa khoebo li ile tsa fetela ka leboea ha bahoebi ba ntse ba tsamaea ho ea libakeng tsa kahare moo ho neng ho hlahisoa khauta teng, e leng se ileng sa ama moruo oa Mapungubwe hampe haholo. Ka lebaka leo, ho haella ha thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ho ka 'na ha be ho bakile ho putlama ha likamano tsa lipolotiki tsa Mapungubwe, tseo li neng li itšetlehile ka phapanyetsano ea thepa le litšebeletso bakeng sa naha ea ho alosa liphoofolo. Ba hakanya hore batho ba ile ba lahleheloa ke tšepo ho baetapele ba bona ka lebaka la ho hola ha lekhalo la maemo a bophelo le la moea lipakeng tsa batho ba tloaelehileng le morena (hammoho le litlhoko tse boima tsa lekhetho), e leng se ileng sa baka ho fela ha sepheo se le seng har'a batho le ho etsa hore ba khethe ho tloha sebakeng seo.[1]: 32–3, 98  Sebaka seo sa khohlo se ile sa siuoa ha batho ba ntse ba hasana ho ea ka leboea-bophirima le ka boroa. Ha baa ka ba hlola ba kopana hape. Ka leboea, Great Zimbabwe—e neng e le moeling oa naha ea Mapungubwe 'me e e-na le baahi ba fapaneng—e ile ea phahama ho ba mohlahlami oa eona, ea amohela mokhoa o tšoanang oa ho hlophisa sebaka ho latela maemo a sechaba le tsamaiso ea boetapele bo nkoang bo halalela. == Moetlo le Setjhaba == [[File:Stone_game_board_on_Mapungubwe_Hill,_Limpopo,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Papadi ya mufuvha (mancala) morabaraba wa Mapungubwe.]] Nakong eo ba neng ba lula K2, sechaba sa bona se ile sa fetoha ho tloha ho se hlophisitsoeng ho latela maemo a batho ho ea ho se hlophisitsoeng ho latela lihlopha tsa sechaba; e ne e le o mong oa mekhoa ea pele ea ho hlophisa sechaba ka lihlopha le mohlala oa puso ea borena e amanang le bolumeli (sacral kingship) karolong e ka boroa ea Afrika. Moetapele le batho ba maemo a holimo ba ne ba lula tlhōrōng ea leralla, ha baahi ba bang kaofela ba lula ka tlase.  Ho ne ho e-na le litsela tse nne tse nyolohelang lerallong, 'me e kholo ka ho fetisisa e ne e lebeloa ke masole a neng a bitsoa "leihlo" la morena.  Libaka tsa bolulo li ne li arotsoe ho ea ka lihlopha tse laoloang ke lihlooho tsa malapa, 'me li ne li potolohile leralla, li etsa selikalikoe se fanang ka tšireletso.  Ho ka etsahala hore ebe 'muso o ne o arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e mehlano ea bolaoli ka lebaka la ho ata ha baahi sebakeng se seholo; mekhahlelo eo e ne e kenyelletsa lihlooho tsa malapa, lihlooho tsa metse, marena a manyane, marena a phahameng, le morena ka boeena. Morena o ne a robala ka tlung e nyane ea lepolanka, sebakeng seo ho neng ho nahanoa hore ke sa sephiri. Baeti ba ne ba sa lumelloa ho kopana le morena. Sehlopha sa hae se ne se kenyelletsa masole le libini tse binang lithoriso, hammoho le libini tse letsang liletsa tse kang *mbira* le *xylophone*. Liketso tsa hae li ne li latela meetlo e khethehileng; mohlala, ha a ne a ethimola, sebini se binang lithoriso se ne se tsebisa bohle. Basali ba ne ba nkoa e le tsela ea ho fihlela katleho le boemo bo phahameng, kahoo morena o ne a e-na le basali ba bangata, 'me mosali e moholo a ba okametse. Basali ba bang ba ne ba lula ka ntle ho motse-moholo e le ho thusa ho boloka maqhama a tšebelisano-'moho.<ref>https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater</ref> Ba badilengbai nkile mesebetsing ya lichaba tse ling tsa Afrika Boroa pele ho bokolone 'me li totobatsa monyetla oa tsitsipano ea meloko e fapaneng, ka lebaka la bacha ba imetsoeng ke boholo ba mosebetsi, leha ba ne ba sa khone ho ba le likhomo kapa naha ho fihlela lenyalong. Ke banna ba maemo a holimo feela ba neng ba lumelloa ho qhibilihisa le ho sebetsa koporo le khauta. Litšepe tsena li ne li amahanngoa le matla, leruo le monono, 'me ke batho ba maemo a holimo feela ba neng ba ka ba le khauta. Leha boholo ba bona ba ne ba e-na le phihlello ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe, balemi ba futsanehileng ba ne ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa majoe le masapo. Banna ba ne ba patoa ka har'a masaka, ha basali ba ne ba patoa ka ntle ho 'ona.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6&redir_esc=y</ref>: 21, 29, 78 Batho ba maemo a temong oo ba ne ba patoa maralleng. Basali ba morena ba ne ba lula sebakeng sa bona, ba le morena. Banna ba matlo ba ne ba e-na le matlo a majabajaba mathōkong a motse-moholo. Mokhoa ona oa ho arola libaka o ile oa qala ho hlaha Mapungubwe, hamorao oa boela oa arabang oa arabang ea Butua le Rozwi. Ho ha palo ea boraro Mapungubwe ho ka ’na ha ba ha ba ha baka ho be le batho ba sebetsa ka sebeletsang ka tlotleng e neng e phahameng, haholo-holo ea ho etsa lijana tsa lipuisano. Lintho tse ling tse ka khauta li ile tsa nkutloa mabitleng a batho ba maemo a holimo a neng a leralleng la borena. Ho etsa pula, kapa ho laola pula, e ne e le mokhoa o reretsoeng ho susumetsa ho na ha pula le ho thibela komello hammoho le likhohola. Sena se ne se thehiloe tumelong ea hore batho ba ka susumetsa tlhaho, meea, kapa baholo-holo ba neng ba ka thibela kapa ba tlisa pula. Batho ba San, bao ho neng ho lumeloa hore ba na le kamano e haufi le meea ea khale ea naha, hangata ba ne ba batloa ke lichaba tse ling ho tla etsa meetlo ea pula. Lingaka tsa San li ne li kena boemong ba ho iphetola kelello (trance) 'me li kena lefats'eng la meea ho ea ts'oara liphoofolo tse amanang le pula. Sechaba sa K2 se ile sa khetha batho ba San ho e-na le ba Zhizo—bao e neng e le bahlolisani ba bona ba lipolotiki—hobane batho ba San ba ne ba sa lumele ho baholo-holo; ka ho se elelloe baholo-holo ba batho ba Zhizo, ba ne ba ke ke ba laoloa kapa ho qobelloa ke bona. Litlhōrō tsa maralla a nang le melatsoana botlaaseng ba 'ona li ne li sebelisoa e le libaka tsa ho etsa meetlo ea pula, ho kenyeletsoa le sebaka se bitsoang Ratho Kroonkop. Ha sechaba se ntse se tsoela pele ho rarahana, matlo le libaka tse halalelang li ile tsa hahuoa maralleng, 'me mokhoa ona oa fetoha o hlophisitsoeng le ho amoheloa ka molao. Sebakeng sa Mapungubwe, batho ba maemong a holimo ba ile ba leka ho fetola sebaka sa ho etsa meetlo ho tloha sehlopheng sa maralla ho ea ho leralla le le leng—e leng Leralla la Mapungubwe—moo lelapa la borena le neng le etsa mesebetsi ea meetlo, e leng se neng se bontša phetoho e tlohang karolong eo baholo-holo ba neng ba e bapala.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=kingdom%20of%20mapungubwe&f=false</ref>: 30–1 == Moruo == Moruo oa Mapungubwe o ne o ipapisitse haholo le temo le ho rua liphoofolo. Kaha sebaka seo se ne se omme haholo, se ne se sa lokela hantle temo; sena se ile sa etsa hore ho hlokahale hore likhomo li lisoe hole le masimo nakong ea ho lema le ho hola ha lijalo (leha li ne li le bohlokoa haholo sechabeng). Mokhoa ona o ile oa fokotsa khatello mobung 'me oa lumella ho ruuoa ha mehlape e meholoanyane, e leng se ileng sa eketsa tlhahiso. Ho fetoha-fetoha ha pula le hona ho ile ha baka mathata ao ba ileng ba a hlola. Ho ile ha hlahisoa masela le lijana tsa letsopa Mapungubwe,[1][2] hammoho le lintho tse entsoeng ka manaka a litlou tse kang lipetja, ha K2 eona e ne e hlahisa masela le lifaha tsa khalase. Indasteri ea tšepe (e ileng ea ntlafatsoa sebakeng seo) e ne e kenyelletsa ho qhibilihisa le ho bopa tšepe, koporo, khauta, brass le bronze. Boholo ba litšepe bo ne bo tsoa libakeng tse haufi, ebang ke ka lekhetho kapa khoebo (ho ka etsahala hore khauta e ne e tsoa libakeng tsa merafo ea khauta ea Tati naheng ea Botswana ea kajeno le karolong e ka boroa-bophirima ea Zimbabwe ea kajeno). Lintho tse neng li hlahisoa li ne li kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse kang li-chisel, li-adze, lilepe le lipheletsong tsa metsu, hammoho le mabenyane.[3]: 20–2, 33, 89, 106 Moruo oa Mapungubwe o ne o ipapisitse haholo le temo le ho rua liphoofolo. Kaha sebaka seo se ne se omme haholo, se ne se sa lokela hantle temo; sena se ile sa etsa hore ho hlokahale hore likhomo li lisoe hole le masimo nakong ea ho lema le ho hola ha lijalo (leha li ne li le bohlokoa haholo sechabeng). Mokhoa ona o ile oa fokotsa khatello mobung 'me oa lumella ho ruuoa ha mehlape e meholoanyane, e leng se ileng sa eketsa tlhahiso. Ho fetoha-fetoha ha pula le hona ho ile ha baka mathata ao ba ileng ba a hlola. Ho ile ha hlahisoa masela le lijana tsa letsopa Mapungubwe,[1][2] hammoho le lintho tse entsoeng ka manaka a litlou tse kang lipetja, ha K2 eona e ne e hlahisa masela le lifaha tsa khalase. Indasteri ea tšepe (e ileng ea ntlafatsoa sebakeng seo) e ne e kenyelletsa ho qhibilihisa le ho bopa tšepe, koporo, khauta, brass le bronze. Boholo ba litšepe bo ne bo tsoa libakeng tse haufi, ebang ke ka lekhetho kapa khoebo (ho ka etsahala hore khauta e ne e tsoa libakeng tsa merafo ea khauta ea Tati naheng ea Botswana ea kajeno le karolong e ka boroa-bophirima ea Zimbabwe ea kajeno). Lintho tse neng li hlahisoa li ne li kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse kang li-chisel, li-adze, lilepe le lipheletsong tsa metsu, hammoho le mabenyane.[3]: 20–2, 33, 89, 106 Phello ea khoebo ho Mapungubwe ha e hlake hantle; litsebi tse kang Thomas Huffman li re ho theoa ha mmuso oo ho bakiloe ke khoebo ea libaka tse hole—e leng ntho e ileng ea baka phapang e kholo ea boemo pakeng tsa ba boholong le batho ba tloaelehileng—leha ho le joalo, ba bang ba kang Shadreck Chirikure le ba bang ba bontša hore moruo (le mohlomong tumello ea puso ea baetapele) o ne o thehiloe temong le ho ruuoeng ha liphoofolo. Litsebi tse kang Richard Pearson li sebelisitse khopolo ea ho itšetleha ka ba bang (dependency theory) 'me tsa pheha khang ea hore ho romelloa ha lisebelisoa tse sa sebetsoang ho ne ho tla sitisa tsoelo-pele ea Mapungubwe; litsebi tse ling tse kang David Killick li boletse hore ha ho na lintlha tse lekaneng tsa ho tseba hore na ho bile le phapanyetsano e sa lekanang kapa ho itšetleha ka ba bang kapa che. Mark Horton le ba bang ba phehile khang ea hore libaka tsa kahare tsa Afrika Bochabela li ile tsa rua molemo o monyane haholo khoebong ea libaka tse hole ha ho bapisoa le litoropo-mmuso tsa lebopong la leoatle tsa Baswahili, mohlomong ka lebaka la taolo e felletseng ea khoebo eo Baswahili ba neng ba e-na le eona. == Ho sebetsa ka lejwe == Tlhophiso ea sebaka Mapungubwe—e tsejoang e le *dzimbahwe* ka puo ea Se-Shona—e ne e kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea mabota a majoe ho arola libaka tsa bohlokoa, ho bontša phapang ea maemo a sechaba le ho fa morena sebaka sa boinotši bakeng sa litšebeletso tsa meetlo.  <ref>https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater</ref>Ho ne ho e-na le ntlo e hahiloeng ka mabota a majoe eo ho nahanoang hore e ne e luloa ke moeletsi e moholo. Majoe le lehong li ne li sebelisoa hammoho. Hape ho ne ho e-na le lerako la likutu tsa lifate le pota-potileng Thaba ea Mapungubwe. Bongata ba baahi ba motse-moholo bona ba ne ba lula ka hare ho lerako la lehlakoreng la bophirima. == Mabitla a marana == [[File:Mapungubwe,_Limpopo,_South_Africa_(20356187550).jpg|thumb| Tshukudu Gauta ya Mapungubwe]] [[File:Mapungubwe_gold_beads_and_jewellery_-_Museum_of_Gems_and_Jewellery.jpg|thumb|Difaha tsa Gauta le mabenyane a Mapungubwe]] Lilemong tsa bo-1930, mabitla a maholo a ile a sibolloa haufi le ntlo ea borena, e neng e e-na le mabitla a 23. Bongata ba ’ona a ile a patoa a e-na le lisebelisoa tse fokolang kapa a se na tsona, ’me boholo ba batho ba baholo ba ne ba patiloe ka lifaha tsa khalase, leha ho le joalo tse tharo li ne li fapane. Ea pele, e tsejoang e le lepato la khauta la pele, e ne e patiloe ka hlooho ea lepolanka le lintho tse tharo tse entsoeng ka lepolanka tse koahetsoeng ka foil ea khauta; sekotlolo sa ho noha, lere la borena (mohlomong le koto), le tšukulu.[d] Ea bobeli, mohlomong mosali, e ne e patiloe e shebile bophirimela ka li-bangle tsa khauta tse fetang 100, lifaha tsa khauta tse 12 000, le lifaha tsa khalase tse 26 000. Ea boraro, mohlomong monna e molelele oa lilemo tse mahareng, le eena o ne a patiloe a shebile bophirimela, ’me a e-na le sefaha sa lifaha tsa khauta le likhetla tsa cowrie, le lintho tse fapaneng tse koahetsoeng ka foil ea khauta, ho kenyeletsoa le koena. Ka 2007, Mmuso wa Afrika Borwa o ile wa fana ka tumello ya hore masalla a masapo a ileng a epollwa ka 1933 a bolokwe hape Thabeng ya Mapungubwe moketeng o neng o tshwerwe ka la 20 Pudungwana 2007. == Baahi == === Phepo le bophelo === Ho entsoe tlhahlobo ea masapo a batho ba Mapungubwe ho ithuta ka boemo ba bona ba bophelo le mokhoa oa bona oa ho phela. Liphetho li bontša hore baahi ba Mapungubwe ba ile ba ba le litekanyetso tsa lefu tse neng li lebelletsoe ho batho ba phelang pele ho nako ea indasteri (tse tšoanang le tsa batho ba Europe ba mehleng eo); ho ne ho e-na le palo e phahameng ea mafu har'a bacha, empa ha motho a se a holile, o ne a ka lebelloa ho phela lilemo tse pakeng tsa 35 le 40.[1] Taba e 'ngoe e fumanoeng ke hore batho ba Mapungubwe ba ile ba hola hantle, ba sa hlaheloa khafetsa ke mafu a sa foleng, leha ka linako tse ling bana ba ne ba fumanoa ba e-na le khaello ea mali (anaemia).<ref>Steyn, Maryana (1997). "A Reassessment of the Human Skeletons from K2 and Mapungubwe (South Africa)". ''South African Archaeological Bulletin''. '''52''' (165): 14–20. doi:10.2307/3888972. JSTOR&#x20;3888972.</ref> === Kamano ya merabe === Ho nahanoa hore baahi ba Mapungubwe ke baholo-holo ba batho ba Kalanga (sehlopha se ka tlase sa batho ba Shona).<ref>https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-290</ref> Sebaka sena se boleloa e le sa batho ba Vhavenda, haholo-holo meloko ea Tshivhula ea Sembola le Machete (boitsebiso ba Venda bo ile ba thehoa pakeng tsa lekholo la bo-15 le la bo-17 la lilemo ka ho kopana ha merabe ea Kalanga, Shona le Sotho).[1][2][3] Leha ka bobeli ba na le likhokahano tsa nalane sebakeng sena, Mokoko Piet Sebola o ngola hore mohlomong ba susumetsoa ke ts'ebetso ea ho batla litokelo tsa mobu e qalisitsoeng ke 'muso oa Afrika Boroa, e leng ts'ebetso e bakileng hore lihlopha tse fapaneng li ipolele mobu ka tsela e sa tšepahaleng. O phethela ka hore ha ho na bopaki bo lekaneng ba ho tiisa likhokahano tsa baholo-holo sebakeng sena bakeng sa leha e le efe ea lihlopha tsena, kapa bakeng sa meloko e meng.[4] ==== Genetiki ==== Tshekatsheko ya marapo a dibopego tsa craniometric (ke gore: dinonofo tse di mo lehatang) di dirisitswe go tshwaya kamano ya dijini magareng ga batho ba Mapungubwe le baagi ba bangwe. Tlhahlobo ea pele ea Galloway, 1939/1957 e ile ea bona likamano pakeng tsa batho ba Mapungubwe le lisampole tse nkiloeng ho 'Khoisanid' disampole, 'me kahoo ba arola batho ba Mapungubwe e le 'racially Boskop' (Khoisan),[1] mohlomong le ka 'Caucasoid' ea tlatsetso.[2] Sena se ile sa baka likhang, haholo hobane (joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ka holimo), moetlo oa thepa o fumanoang sebakeng sena o lumellana haholo le mekhoa e tsebahalang ea mehleng ea Iron Age Bantu. Ho thata ho hlahloba mesaletsa ea Galloway ka lebaka la ho se bolokehe ha hantle holim'a lehata la hae, [2] empa tlhahlobo e ileng ea latela ho liphuputso tse ling e bontšitse hore boholo ba lisampole tse tsoang Mapungubwe tse sa kang tsa senngoa ke polokelo e fokolang kapa tse kotsing ea ho senyeha li oela ka har'a mefuta e mengata e lokelang ho lebelloa ho lihlopha tsa "Bantu". Tshekatsheko ya Rightmire 1970 e fumane hore, ho metha bolelele ba cranial, glabella protrusion, nasion-basion (nose bridge) bolelele, alveolare-basion length, le palo ya ditsobotsi tse ding (35 ka kakaretso), tse tsheletseng "K2 Crania" (Rightmire e tshwara K2 hammoho le Bambandyanalo le Mapungumanbwe) kaofela ka ho hlaka hore "Sansh Falls" (Sansh Falls) ka ho hlaka ka ntle ho disampole ho tsoa mefuteng ea lisampole tsa "Hottentot". Tse peli ka thoko, "ba bang kaofela ba tiile ka har'a mefuta e lebelletsoeng ea mefuta ea mehleng ea Bantu...".Ha a phethela, o fana ka maikutlo a hore:   Tlhahlobo e entsoeng ke Steyn ka 1997 e ile ea fumana hore lisampole tsa meno (e leng mofuta o ka sehloohong oa lisampole tse neng li ithutoa mosebetsing oa hae) li ne li tšoana haholo le lisampole tse tsoang K2—tse neng li khethollotsoe e le tsa sehlopha sa "Southern African Negro"—ho feta kamoo li neng li tšoana kateng le lisampole tsa batho ba San.[1] Ho na le mabaka a mangata a bakang pherekano ena. Taba ea pele, boholo bo bonyenyane haholo ba sampole e fumanehang bo bolela hore liphetho li ka 'na tsa ba le phoso e bakoang ke menyetla kapa liketsahalo tsa tšohanyetso (ke hore: sehlopha se ikhethang sa batho se nkoa e le sona se emelang baahi bohle).[1] Taba ea bobeli, tlhahlobo ea litekanyo tsa hlooho (craniometric analysis) hangata e na le mathata a amanang le mokhoa oa ho lekanya le ho toloka lintlha; ho tsejoa esale khale hore ho latela litekanyetso tse sebelisoang le lihlopha tsa batho tse amehang, motho a ka 'na a bona litšobotsi tsa sehlopha se seng ho se seng.[2] Taba ea boraro, litsebi tse ngata li hlokomela hore khopolo ea hore ho na le phapang e hlakileng le e ts'oanang pakeng tsa batho ba Khoisan le ba Bantu ha ho shejoa litšobotsi tsa 'mele, e rarahane ka lebaka la hore ho tsejoa esale khale hore batho ba Borwa ba Afrika ba na le litšobotsi tse tsoakiloeng[3] le hore ba ile ba sebelisana,[2] hape hobane, joalokaha Steyn a bolela, "mokhoa oa ho arola batho ka mefuta e itseng (typological approach)—moo motho a hlalosoang ka ho bapisoa le motho ea 'phethahetseng' ea nang le litšobotsi tsohle tsa mantlha tsa morabe o itseng—o se o siiloe ke nako ka ho feletseng."[1] Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se bolele hore ho ke ke ha khoneha ho fumana le ho sebetsa ka liphapang tse kholo tsa lihlopha; Rightmire (1970) o ile a pheha khang ea hore ho na le litekanyetso tse lekaneng tse ka khethollang—ka boemo bo phahameng ba bonnete—lipakeng tsa lisampole tsa Khoisan le tsa "Southern African Negro" tseo a neng a li hlahloba,[4] 'me khang e tšoanang e ile ea hlahisoa ke Franklin le Freedman (2006).[5] Esita le tabeng ena, Rightmire le Merwe (1976) ba bontša hore ha ho etsoa liphapang tse joalo, ho ka 'na ha fumanoa lintho tse sa lebelloang; tlhahlobo ea bona e ile ea bontša hore e 'ngoe ea litopo tse peli tse neng li hlahlojoa bakeng sa pampiri eo e ne e lumellana haholoanyane le sehlopha sa "Hottentots" ho feta sa "Bantus", 'me sehlopha sa Bantu se neng se atamelane haholo le eona e ne e le lisampole tsa bona tsa Venda. Maemong 'ohle, tlhahlobo ea 'nete ea liphatsa tsa lefutso (genetic analysis) ea lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng—ho fapana le tlhahlobo ea 'mele e neng e hakanya likamano tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso—e tšehetsa taba ea hore ho bile le motsoako o hlokomelehang, 'me ka linako tse ling o moholo haholo,pakeng tsa batho ba Khoisan le ba Bantu ba Borwa ba Afrika nakong e fetileng; motsoako ona o bonahala ho batho ba kajeno ba Khoisan le ba Bantu. Qetellong, ho na le khopolo ea hore tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa hlooho (craniometric) kapa ea liphatsa tsa lefutso (genetic) e ka khona ka boyona ho supa ka nepo boitsebiso ba morabe le puo hammoho le meeli ea batho ba mehleng ea khale; taba eo Brothwell (1963) a ileng a e nka e le e bakang mathata hangata, kaha ho na le lihlopha tsa batho ba Khoisan tse nang le tšimoloho e batlang e sa amaneng le ea batho ba Khoisan ho hang,[9] hape mehlala e meng ea batho ba Xhosa e ne e bonahala e e-na le tšimoloho e kholo e sa amaneng le ea batho ba Xhosa. == Ho sibolloa hape le historiografi == Baahi ba moo ba ne ba tseba ka sebaka sena ka lipale tsa bona tsa molomo, 'me ba ne ba se nka e le sebaka se halalelang se nang le matla le boteng ba marena a khale a baholo-holo; meetlo ea bona e ne e ba lemosa hore ba se ke ba etela kapa hona ho supa thaba eo ka monoana. Lekholong la bo-19 la lilemo, Frans Lotrie (ea tsoang leloko la Majeremane kapa la Madache) o ile a etela sebaka seo se seholo sa naha 'me a tsejoa e le "Wild Lottering", hamorao a ea lula haufi le noka ea Limpopo. Qalong ea lekholo la bo-20 la lilemo, lelapa la Van Graan, e leng balemi ba neng ba lula Seterekeng sa Mopane, ba ile ba utloa pale e reng ho na le "monna e mosoeu ea ileng a phela bophelo ba ho ipatela batho ka hare ho lehaha mabopong a noka ea Limpopo" le hore o ile a "hloa thaba e halalelang 'me a fumana lintho moo". Ka mor'a lilemo tse 'maloa ba ntse ba batla letlotlo leo, ka 1933 ba ile ba qobella motho e mong oa sebakeng seo (moeta-pele oa lehae) hore a ba bontše tsela, 'me ba tloha hape le sehlopha sa batho. Ho ea ka setsebi sa lintho tsa khale se ileng sa ngola ka 1937, moeta-pele eo oa lehae "o ne a thothomela ke tšabo 'me a ile a tlameha ho tšoaroa ka matla pele a ka bontša tsela e patiloeng e nyolohelang thabeng". Ba ile ba fumana likotoana tsa lipitsa tsa letsopa le lintho tse entsoeng ka koporo, khalase le khauta, hammoho le sebaka seo ho sona ho neng ho patiloe motho ea neng a e-na le mekhabiso e mengata haholo.[1][2][3] Lelapa la ha Van Graan ha lea ka la bolela ka lintho tsohle tseo le li fumaneng. Van Graan e monyane, eo e neng e le seithuti sa Univesithi ea Pretoria, o ile a tlalehela setsebi sa tsa khale (archaeologist) se boletsoeng pejana ka seo ba se fumaneng.[1] Univesithi ea Pretoria—eo ka nako eo e neng e le setsi sa batho ba buang Seafrikaans feela—e ile ea fumana litokelo tsa letlotlo leo, 'me 'muso oa Hertzog oa laola sebaka seo ka ho feletseng. Tšibollo ena e ile ea hanyetsa tšōmo ea hore batho ba basoeu ba phahametse ba bang, e reng Afrika e ne e le kontinenteng e 'lefifi' le e 'saletseng morao' e hlokang ho 'pholosoa', hammoho le tumelo ea hore batho ba buang Seafrikaans e ne e le "baetapele ba tsoelopele". Joalokaha ho ile ha etsahala ka Great Zimbabwe, 'muso o ile oa leka ho pata, ho nyenyefatsa le ho ' sireletsa' sebaka seo. Sebaka sena se ile sa phatlalatsoa e le sehopotso sa naha lilemong tsa bo-1980.[1] Phuputso le tlhaloso ea Mapungubwe nakong eohle ea lekholo la bo-20 la lilemo li ile tsa qhelela ka thoko haholo sechaba sa sebaka seo, ho fihlela nakong ea kamora khethollo ea morabe, moo litloholo le baahi ba sebaka seo ba qalileng ho nka karolo haholoanyane mesebetsing ea Mapungubwe.<templatestyles src="Module:Wide image/styles.css"></templatestyles>  == Tulo tse tshireleditsweng == Sebaka sena joale ke karolo ea Phaka ea Sechaba ea Mapungubwe, e leng karolo ea Sebaka sa Setso sa UNESCO sa Mapungubwe le Sebaka se Seholo sa Paballo sa Meeli e Kopaneng sa Mapungubwe. Sebaka sa Setso sa Mapungubwe se ile sa phatlalatsoa e le Sebaka sa Lefa la Lefatše sa UNESCO ka la 3 Phupu 2003.[1] == Phaposi ya pontsho == <gallery> File:Mapungubwe_National_Park_sign_in_2005.jpg|Makeno Sertapeng sa Mapungubwe , Limpopo, Aforika Borwa File:LSConfluence.jpg|Setshwantsho se nkilwe ka lehlakoreng la Botswana le Zimbabwe,noka ya Shashe e ka bonwa. File:MNPSandstone.jpg|Lejwe le leholo File:TreetopWalk.jpg|Tsamao ya ba tsamayang ka kolotsana tse sututswang File:Mapungubwe_hill_limpopo.jpg|Thaba ya Mapungubwe File:Bateleur_Eagle_with_Kill.jpg|Letlaka Bateleur eagle File:Excavations.jpg|Sehlopha sa baepi Mapungubwe. </gallery> == Bona hape == * Tse ding tse kgahlisang Aforika Borwa ** Blaauboschkraal e [[Mpumalanga]] ** Machadodorp baKoni Mpumalanga ** [[Kaditshwene]] e [[Leboya Bophirimela (Afrika Borwa)|North West province]] ** Kweneng' Ruins e [[Gauteng]] ** Sedan Beehive stone tse [[Foreisetata|Free State]] ** Tlokwe Ruins tse [[Gauteng]] ** Thulamela e Kruger National Park, Limpopo * Tse tswanang ka ntle ho naha ya Aforkia Borwa ** Bumbusi e Zimbabwe ** Danangombe e Zimbabwe ** Engaruka e Tanzania ** Khami e Zimbabwe ** Manyikeni e Mozambique ** Naletale e Zimbabwe ** Thimlich Ohinga stone ruins e Kenya ** Ziwa e Zimbabwe * Mapungubwe Collection * Order ya Mapungubwe == Dinoutsu == == Mehlodi == {{reflist}} ileuwsjbdvl00z7rxrng8dippde0p4m 0 10976 41271 41176 2026-09-22T00:28:58Z InternetArchiveBot 8513 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 41271 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''George Lebese''' (ea tsoetsoeng ka la 3 Hlakola 1989) ke sebapali sa machaba sa bolo ea maoto sa Afrika Boroa se bapalang e le winger ea ka letsohong le letšehali. == Mosebetsi oa sehlopha == Lebese o hlahetse Mamelodi, o qetile mosebetsi oa hae oa pele le Jusben, Khona Lapho le Arcadia Shepherds. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kaizerchiefs.com/kc_articles.asp?id=347688|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408041927/http://www.kaizerchiefs.com/kc_articles.asp?id=347688|title=Keeping in touch with favourite player – George Lebese|date=29 April 2010|archive-date=8 April 2016|access-date=17 July 2017|publisher=Kaizer Chiefs F.C.}}</ref> Lebese o ile a joina sehlopha sa Kaizer Chiefs pele ho sehla sa 2008-09 . <ref name="NFT">{{cite web|url=http://www.kaizerchiefs.com/kc_articles.asp?id=347688|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408041927/http://www.kaizerchiefs.com/kc_articles.asp?id=347688|title=Keeping in touch with favourite player – George Lebese|date=29 April 2010|archive-date=8 April 2016|access-date=17 July 2017|publisher=Kaizer Chiefs F.C.}}</ref> O ile a saena le [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] ka Phato 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/george-lebese-why-i-left-kaizer-chiefs-for-mamelodi-sundowns/nwhusyg2xtjn1jv9pkfwl8oo7|title=George Lebese: Why I left Kaizer Chiefs for Mamelodi Sundowns &#124; Goal.com|website=goal.com}}</ref> O qetile nako a alima Supersport United pele a lokolloa ka Loetse 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/george-lebese-now-a-free-agent-after-sundowns-exit/|title=George Lebese now a free agent after Sundowns exit|date=3 September 2019|access-date=10 September 2026|archive-date=21 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121113310/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/george-lebese-now-a-free-agent-after-sundowns-exit/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Lebese o ile a fallela sehlopheng sa Amerika sa Colorado Springs Switchbacks, sehleng sa 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/george-lebese-joins-american-club-colorado-switchbacks/669784|title=George Lebese joins American club Colorado Switchbacks|date=20 December 2019|website=Kick Off}}</ref> Ka Hlakubele 2021 ho ile hoa phatlalatsoa hore Lebese o tlohile Colorado ka tumellano ea bobeli kamora ho kenngwa ts'ebetsong ha thibelo ea maeto e amanang le COVID-19 United States, e mo sitisang ho etela ho tsoa Afrika Boroa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Biden travel ban forces ex-Chiefs star George Lebese to cut contract with US club|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2021-03-20-biden-travel-ban-forces-ex-chiefs-star-george-lebese-to-cut-contract-with-us-club/|access-date=25 March 2021|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Mosebetsi oa machaba == Lebese o ile a fumana pitso ea hae ea pele ho Sehlopha sa naha sa Afrika Boroa ka Pulungoana 2011, <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/15572537.stm|title=Tottenham's Steven Pienaar recalled by South Africa|date=3 November 2011|access-date=17 July 2017|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> a etsa qalo ea hae ea machabeng khahlanong le Ivory Coast ka la 11 Pulungoane 2011. == Litlhaloso == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Lihokela tsa kantle == * George Lebese ho Soccerway fjx0qe2vkxasudu26uyjqjfkfx4fh9i