Basotho

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    <title>Basotho</title>
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'''Basotho''' ke batho ba pele bao balimo ba bona ba ileng ba phela Borwa ba Afrika nakong ya kgalekgale.Ba lula haholo dibakeng tsa Lesotho, Afrika Borwa, Botswana le Namibia.

Ho lumeloa hore baholo-holo ba batho ba Basotho ba tsoa Afrika Leboea-bochabela, 'me ba ile ba falla ba lebile boroa lekholong la bohlano la lilemo (AD). Ha nako e ntse e ea, batho ba Basotho ba ile ba arohana ka dihlopha kapa meloko e fapaneng ka lebaka la Mfecane (letoto la dinto le ho falla ho ileng ha etsahala lekholong la bo-19 la lilemo)[1] hammoho le bokolone.

Makhooa a Brithani le Ma-Boer (litloholo tsa Madatjhhe) ba ile ba arolelana naha ea Basotho lipakeng tsa bona qetellong ea lekholo la bo-19 la lilemo. Lesotho le ile la theooa ke bafalli tumellanong ea Aliwal North ka 1869, ka mor'a likhohlano tsa naha le Morena Moshoeshoe I, e leng morena oa Basotho ba Boroa.

Boitsebiso ba Basotho ba Boroa ba Lesotho bo ile ba hlaha ka lebaka la ho theoa ha Lesotho ke Brithani, ka mor'a hore Ma-Boer a hlole Moshoeshoe I Ntoeng ea Boraro ea Basotho ka 1868 'me a kopa tšireletso ho Brithani. Ba bang ba batho ba buang Sesotho sa Boroa—bao e neng e se karolo ea 'muso oa Moshoeshoe ha a ne a kopanya merabe ea habo bona—ba lula Gauteng, ha ba bang ba fumaneha bophirima ba KwaZulu-Natal, leboea ho Eastern Cape le boholo ba profinse ea Free State.

== Nalane ==

=== Histori ya pele ===
Boitsebiso bo eketsehileng: Phallo ea batho ba buang dipuo tsa Bantu le ditjhaba tsa Basotho-Tswana

Sechaba sa Basotho ke motsoako oa lihlopha tsa batho ba buang lipuo tsa Bantu tse ileng tsa kopana le batho ba San, bao e neng e le bona ba seng ba lula Borwa ba Afrika ha ba fihla moo. Batho ba buang lipuo tsa Bantu ba ne ba se ba lula sebakeng seo kajeno e leng Afrika Boroa hoo e ka bang ka selemo sa 1500 CE.[2][3] Ho nahanoa hore karohano pakeng tsa bona le Batswana e etsahetse lekholong la bo-14 la lilemo. Basotho ba bang ba ile ba arohana le batho ba Nguni, ha ba bang bona ba ile ba kopanngoa le bona ho haha ​​sechaba sa Nguni. Lekholong la bo-16 la lilemo, mosebetsi oa ho qapi le ho sebetsa tšepe (iron-working) o ne o se o tiile har'a lichaba tsa Basotho hammoho le baahisani ba bona ba Nguni. Basotho ba ne ba ipusa haholo ebile ba ikemetse ho fihlela nakong eo, ba etsa khoebo ka linako tse ling le libaka tse ka leboea ho naha ea habo bona ka likamano tse hlalosoang e le tse &quot;sa tloaelehang le tse fokolang&quot;.[4] bonyane ho tloha lekholong la bo-17 la lilemo, ho ne ho e-na le mebuso e mengata ea Basotho e neng e koahetse karolo e ka boroa ea sebaka se phahameng sa naha ea Afrika (seo kajeno e leng Profinse ea Free State le likarolo tsa Gauteng), hammoho le North West. Sechaba sa Basotho se ne se sa laoloe ke puso e le 'ngoe e bohareng, empa se hlophisitsoe ho latela metse kapa lihlopha tse kholo tsa malapa a amanang, 'me se seng le se seng se ne se busoa ke morena oa sona.[5] Mebuso ena e menyenyane e ne e kopantsoe hammoho ka tsela e sa tiang haholo.[5]

== Lekgolo la bo-19 la lilemo ==

=== Morena Moshoeshoe. ===
Lilemong tsa bo-1820, batho ba neng ba balehile ntoa ea katoloso ea sechaba sa Mazulu tlas'a taolo ea Shaka[6] ba ile ba kopana le Basotho ba neng ba lula libakeng tse phahameng tsa naha (highveld). Ka 1823, khatello e ile ea etsa hore sehlopha se le seng sa Basotho, e leng sa ba-Kololo, se fallele ka leboea. Ba ile ba feta haufi le Mokhoabo oa Okavango 'me ba tšela noka ea Zambezi ho ea Barotseland (e leng karolo ea linaha tsa Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Botswana le Namibia kajeno).[7] Ka 1845, ba-Kololo ba ile ba hapa Barotseland.[8]

Hoo e ka bang ka nako e tšoanang, Ma-Boer a ile a qala ho kena le ho nka karolo ea naha ea Basotho.[9] Kamora hore Colony ea Cape e fetisetsoetsoe ho Brithani qetellong ea Lintoa tsa Napoleon, lihoai tse ngata li ile tsa khetha ho tloha colony eo ea mehleng ea Madache (Dutch) nakong ea seo ho thoeng ke Great Trek. Ba ile ba fallela ka hare ho naha, moo qetellong ba ileng ba theha mebuso e ikemetseng.[9][10]

Nakong ea liphetoho tsena, Moshoeshoe I o ile a kopanya ka bohlale le ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng mokhatlo o sa tiang oa lihlopha tsa Basotho le merabe ea MaNguni e neng e se e lula moo, ho etsa naha ea kajeno ea Lesotho e sebakeng sa lithaba tse phahameng ka boroa. Kaha o ne a hlomphuoa hohle e le moemeli ea nang le bokhabane ba lipuisano le leano, o ile a kopanya lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa baphaphathehi ba neng ba baleha nako ea Difaqane ho ba sechaba se momahaneng.Boetapele ba hae bo ile ba nolofalletsa lihlopha tse nyane tsa Basotho tse haufi le eena ho batla tšireletso ea hae, e leng se ileng sa thusa sechaba seo se senyane ho pholoha mathata a ileng a felisa mebuso e meng ea matsoalloa a Afrika Boroa lekholong la bo-19 la lilemo, a kang Mfecane oa Mazulu, katoloso ea MaVoortrekker ba kenang ka hare ho naha, le merero ea Ofisi ea Bokolone.

Ka 1822, Moshoeshoe o ile a theha motse-moholo oa hae Butha-Buthe, e leng thaba e bonolo ho e sireletsa e fumanehang letotong la lithaba tsa Drakensberg ka leboea; ka tsela eo, a rala motheo oa seo hamorao se ileng sa fetoha 'Muso oa Lesotho.[11] Hamorao, motse-moholo oa hae o ile oa fallesetsoa Thaba Bosiu.[11]

E le ho sebetsana le lihlopha tsa Ma-Voortrekker tse neng li ntse li atamela le ho kena naheng ea hae, Moshoeshoe o ile a khothaletsa mosebetsi oa baromuoa ba Fora 'musong oa hae.[13] Baromuoa ba rometsoeng ke mokhatlo oa Paris Evangelical Missionary Society ba ile ba fa Morena keletso litabeng tsa kantle ho naha 'me ba thusa ho nolofatsa theko ea libetsa tsa sejoale-joale.[13]

Ntle le ho sebetsa joaloka matona a 'muso, baromuoa (haholo-holo Casalis le Arbousset) ba ile ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng mokhoa oa ho ngola puo ea Sesotho le ho hatisa lingoliloeng ka puo ea Sesotho pakeng tsa 1837 le 1855.[14] Phetolelo ea pele ea Bibele ka Sesotho e ile ea hlaha ka 1878.

Ka 1868, ka mor'a ho lahleheloa ke libaka tsa lithaba tse tlase (lowlands) tse ka bophirima ho Ma-Boer nakong ea Lintoa tsa Free State le Basotho, Moshoeshoe o ile a kopa Mofumahali Victoria ka katleho hore a phatlalatse Basutoland (Lesotho la kajeno) e le sebaka se sireletsoang ke Brithani (protectorate). Ka lebaka leo, tsamaiso ea Brithani e ile ea theoa Maseru, e leng sebaka seo e leng motse-moholo oa Lesotho hajoale.[9] Marena a sebaka seo a ile a lula a e-na le matla holim'a litaba tsa ka hare ho naha, ha Brithani e ne e ikarabella bakeng sa litaba tsa kantle ho naha le tšireletso ea sebaka seo se sireletsoang.

Ka 1869, Brithani e ile ea tšehetsa ts'ebetso ea ho beha meeli ea Basutoland.[9] Le hoja meloko e mengata e ne e e-na le libaka ka hare ho Basutoland, palo e kholo ea batho ba buang Sesotho e ne e lula libakeng tse neng li abetsoe Orange Free State, e leng naha e ikemetseng ea Ma-Voortrekker e neng e bapile le mmuso wa Basotho. Morena Moshoeshoe o ile a hlokahala lilemo tse peli hamorao, ka 1870, ka mor'a hore ntwa e fele, mme a patoa tlhorong ya Thaba Bosiu.

== Lekholo la bo-20 la lilemo ==
Tšireletso ea Brithani e ile ea tiisa hore boiteko bo pheto-phetoang ba Orange Free State, le hamorao ba Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa, ba ho nka karolo kapa naha eohle ea Basutoland, bo hlōleha.[3] Ka 1966, Basutoland e ile ea fumana boipuso ho tsoa Brithani, 'me ea fetoha 'Muso oa Lesotho.

Puō ea Sesotho e buuoa haholo sebakeng sena ka lebaka la ho falla ha batho ka hare ho naha. E le hore ba kenelle moruong o thehiloeng cheleteng, banna ba Lesotho ba ne ba atisa ho falla ho ea litoropong tse kholo tsa Afrika Boroa ho ea batla mosebetsi merafong.[17] Ka hona, basebetsi ba fallang ba tsoang Free State le Lesotho ba ile ba thusa ho hasa Sesotho libakeng tsa litoropo tsa Afrika Boroa. Ho lumellanoa ka kakaretso hore mosebetsi oa ho falla o ile oa ama bophelo ba malapa a batho ba buang Sesotho hampe, hobane batho ba baholo (haholo-holo banna) ba ne ba tlameha ho siea malapa a bona metseng e futanehileng ha bona ba ntse ba sebetsa litoropong tse hole.[17]

Boiteko ba 'muso oa khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ba ho qobella batho ba buang Sesotho ho fallela libakeng tse khethiloeng tsa batho ba batšo (homelands) ha boa ka ba ba le tšusumetso e kholo tseleng eo ba neng ba lula ka eona. Palo e kholo ea basebetsi e ile ea tsoela pele ho tloha libakeng tsa setso tsa bolulo ba batho ba batšo.[3] Basali ba ne ba atisa ho batla mesebetsi ea temo kapa ea ho sebetsa malapeng, ha banna bona ba ne ba atisa ho fumana mesebetsi merafong.[3]

Mabapi le bolumeli, karolo ea bohlokoa eo baromuoa ba Bokreste ba e bapalileng ho thusa Moshoeshoe I ho sireletsa 'muso oa hae e ile ea thusa ho tiisa hore Basotho ba bangata ba amohela Bokreste. Kajeno, boholo ba batho ba buang Sesotho ba latela mofuta oa Bokreste o kopanyang lithuto tsa setso tsa Bokreste le litumelo tsa lehae tsa pele ho fihla ha Bophirimela. Modimo o nkoa e le 'Mopi ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa eo batho ba tloaelehileng ba sa khoneng ho atamela ho eena ka kotloloho. Badimo ba nkoa e le baemeli pakeng tsa Modimo le batho ba phelang, 'me ho hlokahala hore ba khahlisoe ka borapeli le tlhompho.[18] Semmuso, boholo ba baahi ba Lesotho ke Bak'hatholike.[19] Sebaka sa mantlha sa Basotho ba Borwa ke profinse ea Free State Afrika Boroa le naha ea Lesotho e haufi le eona.[20] Libaka tsena ka bobeli, tse leng libaka tsa mahaeng haholo, li na le bofutsana bo boholo le khaello ea nts'etsopele.[21] Batho ba bangata ba buang Sesotho ba phela maemong a thata a moruo, empa ba nang le monyetla oa ho ba le mobu le mosebetsi o tsitsitseng ba ka 'na ba phela bophelo bo betere.[21] Beng ba mobu ba atisa ho kenela mesebetsi ea temo ea boipheliso kapa ea khoebo e nyane.[19] Leha ho le joalo, ho fula ho feteletseng le tsamaiso e mpe ea mobu ke mathata a ntseng a eketseha.

== Boemo ba Baahi ==
Batho ba batšo ba hlahileng Lesotho le libakeng tse ling tsa mantlha tsa Basotho ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho ea le ho khutla (ho falla ka nakoana) ho ea Afrika Boroa ho batla mosebetsi, ha ba ntse ba boloka likamano le malapa a bona libakeng tsa mahaeng.[22] Ka kakaretso, mekhoa ea khiro har'a Basotho e latela mekhoa e tšoanang le ea sechaba ka bophara ba Afrika Boroa. Mabaka a amanang le nalane a etsa hore ho hloka mesebetsi har'a Basotho le batho ba bang ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa ho lule ho le holimo.[21]

Basotho ba Palame Lipere

Phesente ea batho ba buang Sesotho ho pholletsa le Afrika Boroa:[23]

Profinse ea Gauteng: 13.1%

Atteridgeville: 12.3%

Masepala oa Metropolitan oa City of Johannesburg: 9.6%

Soweto: 15.5%

Masepala oa Metropolitan oa Ekurhuleni: 10.0%

Katlehong: 22.4%

Masepala oa Setereke oa Sedibeng: 46.7%

Masepala oa Setereke oa West Rand: 10.8%

Masepala oa Lehae oa Midvaal: 27.9%

Profinse ea Free State: 64.2%

Bloemfontein: 33.4%

== Puo ==
[[File:Ho ruta Wikipedia moketeng wa botjhaba Qwaqwa 04.jpg|thumb|Basadi ba Basotho ]]
Puo ea Basotho e bitsoa Sesotho,[24] 'me ka seoelo e bitsoang Sesotho sa Borwa.[25] Lingoliloeng tse ling li ka 'na tsa bitsa Sesotho e le &quot;Southern Sotho&quot; ho se khetholla ho Northern Sotho, e tsejoang hape e le Sepedi.

Sesotho ke puo ea pele ea batho ba limilione tse 1.5 Lesotho, kapa 85% ea baahi.[19] Ke e 'ngoe ea lipuo tse peli tsa semmuso Lesotho, 'me e 'ngoe ke Senyesemane.[19] Lesotho le na le e 'ngoe ea litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola Afrika, moo 59% ea batho ba baholo ba tsebang ho bala le ho ngola, haholo-holo ka Sesotho.[26]

Sesotho ke e 'ngoe ea lipuo tse leshome le motso o le mong tsa semmuso tsa Afrika Boroa.[24] Ho ea ka Palo ea Batho ea Naha ea Afrika Boroa ea 2011, hoo e ka bang batho ba limilione tse 4 ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, ho kenyeletsoa 62% ea baahi ba Free State.[27] Hoo e ka bang 13.1% ea baahi ba Gauteng ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele.[23] Profinseng ea North West, 5% ea baahi ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea pele, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba fumaneha sebakeng sa Maboloka.[27] Karolo ea 3% ea batho ba Mpumalanga ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba lula sebakeng sa Standerton.[27] Karolo ea 2% ea baahi ba Eastern Cape ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, leha ba lula haholo karolong e ka leboea ea profinse.[27]

Ntle le Lesotho le Afrika Boroa, batho ba 60,000 ba bua Silozi (puo e amanang haufi le Sesotho) Zambia.[28] Ho feta moo, batho ba 'maloa ba buang Sesotho ba lula Botswana, Eswatini le sebakeng sa Caprivi Strip Namibia.[28] Ha ho na lipalo-palo tsa semmuso tse fumanehang mabapi le tšebeliso ea puo ea bobeli, empa khakanyo e itekanetseng ea palo ea batho ba buang Sesotho e le puo ea bobeli (kapa ea morao ho moo) ke limilione tse 5.9.[28][29] Sesotho se sebelisoa maemong a fapaneng a thuto, e le thuto e ithutoang le e le puo e sebelisoang ho ruta.[26] Se sebelisoa ka mefuta ea sona ea ho buuoa le ea ho ngoloa likarolong tsohle tsa thuto, ho tloha sekolong sa bana ba banyenyane ho isa lithutong tsa boemo bo holimo ba bongaka ba thuto (doctoral studies).[26] Leha ho le joalo, palo ea lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji le litaba tse khethehileng (mohlala, makaleng a khoebo, theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling, molao, saense le lipalo) ka puo ena e ntse e le nyane haholo.[26]

Sesotho se bile le boteng bo bonahalang mecheng ea litaba ho tloha ha ho fela khethollo ea morabe (apartheid). Lesedi FM ke seteishene sa seea-le-moea sa Sesotho se sebetsang lihora tse 24 ka letsatsi, se tsamaisoang ke South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), 'me se hasa ka Sesotho feela. Ho na le liteishene tse ling tsa seea-le-moea tsa libaka tse fapaneng Lesotho le profinseng ea Free State.[26] Litaba tsa Sesotho tse nkang halofo ea hora li hasoa letsatsi le letsatsi kanaleng ea SABC e sa lefelloeng ea SABC 2. Seteishene se ikemetseng sa thelevishene sa eTV le sona se hlahisa lenaneo la litaba tsa Sesotho la halofo ea hora letsatsi le letsatsi. SABC le sehlopha sa eTV li hlahisa mananeo a fapaneng a kenyelletsang lipuisano ka Sesotho.

Naheng ea Lesotho, Setsi sa Naha sa Phatlalatso sa Lesotho (Lesotho National Broadcasting Service) se hasetsa mananeo a sona Afrika Boroa ka tšebeletso ea satellite ea DStv.

Pampiri tse ngata tsa litaba Lesotho li ngoloa ka Sesotho kapa ka lipuo tse peli, e leng Sesotho le Senyesemane. Ha ho na lipampiri tse kholo tsa litaba tsa Afrika Boroa tse ngoloang ka botlalo ka Sesotho, haese likoranta tse nyane tsa libaka tse kang QwaQwa, Fouriesburg, Ficksburg, le mohlomong litoropo tse ling tsa Free State.[26]

Hajoale, makasine o tsebahalang oa Afrika Boroa o bitsoang Bona[30] o kenyelletsa litaba le lingoliloeng tsa Sesotho.[26] Ho tloha ha ho hlophisoa melao ea mongolo oa Sesotho, ho hlahisitsoe lingoliloeng tse ngata ka puo ena. Har'a lingoliloeng tse hlahelletseng tsa Sesotho ho na le buka e kholo ea Thomas Mofolo e bitsoang *Chaka*, e fetoleletsoeng lipuong tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa Senyesemane le Sejeremane.[31]

== Diaparo ==
Basotho ba apereng liaparo tsa setso
[[File:Basotho ba kgabile 08.jpg|thumb|Basotho ba kgabile ka meaparo ya bona]]

Basotho ba na le liaparo tsa setso tse ikhethang. Tsena li kenyelletsa *mokorotlo*, e leng katiba e bōpehileng joaloka cone e nang le ntlha e khabisitsoeng ka holimo, 'me e aparoa ka litsela tse fapaneng ke banna le basali. Kobo ea Basotho hangata e aparoa mahetleng kapa lethekeng 'me e sireletsa motho ea e apereng serameng. Leha batho ba bangata ba Basotho ba apara liaparo tsa sejoale-joale (tse kang tsa Bophirimela), hangata ba boetse ba apara liaparo tsa setso holim'a tsona.&lt;ref&gt;https://helplesotho.org/traditional-basotho-dress/&lt;/ref&gt;


== Libuka ==
* Histori ea Basotho, Karolo ea Pele
* Ellenberger, DF. (1911) ''History ea Basotho: Tsa tsepe le ho qala ha tsoelo-pele'', Leselinyana.
* Ellenberger, DF. (1912) ''[https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AHistory_of_the_Basuto%2C_Ancient_and_Modern_WDL3269.pdf&amp;page=1 History of the Basuto: Ancient and Modern]''.
* Ellenberger, DF. (1917) ''Histori ea Basotho, Karolo I: Mehla ea Boholo-holo. Morija: Morija Sesuto Book Depot.

[[Category:Basotho]]</text>
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'''Basotho''' ke batho ba pele bao balimo ba bona ba ileng ba phela Borwa ba Afrika nakong ya kgalekgale.Ba dula haholo dibakeng tsa Lesotho, Afrika Borwa, Botswana le Namibia.

Ho lumeloa hore baholo-holo ba batho ba Basotho ba tsoa Afrika Leboea-bochabela, 'me ba ile ba falla ba lebile boroa lekholong la bohlano la lilemo (AD). Ha nako e ntse e ea, batho ba Basotho ba ile ba arohana ka dihlopha kapa meloko e fapaneng ka lebaka la Mfecane (letoto la dinto le ho falla ho ileng ha etsahala lekholong la bo-19 la lilemo)[1] hammoho le bokolone.

Makhooa a Brithani le Ma-Boer (litloholo tsa Madatjhhe) ba ile ba arolelana naha ea Basotho lipakeng tsa bona qetellong ea lekholo la bo-19 la lilemo. Lesotho le ile la theooa ke bafalli tumellanong ea Aliwal North ka 1869, ka mor'a likhohlano tsa naha le Morena Moshoeshoe I, e leng morena oa Basotho ba Boroa.

Boitsebiso ba Basotho ba Boroa ba Lesotho bo ile ba hlaha ka lebaka la ho theoa ha Lesotho ke Brithani, ka mor'a hore Ma-Boer a hlole Moshoeshoe I Ntoeng ea Boraro ea Basotho ka 1868 'me a kopa tšireletso ho Brithani. Ba bang ba batho ba buang Sesotho sa Boroa—bao e neng e se karolo ea mmuso wa Moshoeshoe ha a ne a kopanya merabe ea habo bona—ba dula Gauteng, ha ba bang ba fumaneha bophirima ba KwaZulu-Natal, leboya ho Eastern Cape le boholo ba profinse ea Free State.

== Nalane ==

=== Histori ya pele ===
Boitsebiso bo eketsehileng: Phallo ea batho ba buang dipuo tsa Bantu le ditjhaba tsa Basotho-Tswana

Sechaba sa Basotho ke motsoako oa lihlopha tsa batho ba buang lipuo tsa Bantu tse ileng tsa kopana le batho ba San, bao e neng e le bona ba seng ba lula Borwa ba Afrika ha ba fihla moo. Batho ba buang lipuo tsa Bantu ba ne ba se ba lula sebakeng seo kajeno e leng Afrika Boroa hoo e ka bang ka selemo sa 1500 CE.[2][3] Ho nahanoa hore karohano pakeng tsa bona le Batswana e etsahetse lekholong la bo-14 la lilemo. Basotho ba bang ba ile ba arohana le batho ba Nguni, ha ba bang bona ba ile ba kopanngoa le bona ho haha ​​sechaba sa Nguni. Lekholong la bo-16 la lilemo, mosebetsi oa ho qapi le ho sebetsa tšepe (iron-working) o ne o se o tiile har'a lichaba tsa Basotho hammoho le baahisani ba bona ba Nguni. Basotho ba ne ba ipusa haholo ebile ba ikemetse ho fihlela nakong eo, ba etsa khoebo ka linako tse ling le libaka tse ka leboea ho naha ea habo bona ka likamano tse hlalosoang e le tse &quot;sa tloaelehang le tse fokolang&quot;.[4] bonyane ho tloha lekholong la bo-17 la lilemo, ho ne ho e-na le mebuso e mengata ea Basotho e neng e koahetse karolo e ka boroa ea sebaka se phahameng sa naha ea Afrika (seo kajeno e leng Profinse ea Free State le likarolo tsa Gauteng), hammoho le North West. Sechaba sa Basotho se ne se sa laoloe ke puso e le 'ngoe e bohareng, empa se hlophisitsoe ho latela metse kapa lihlopha tse kholo tsa malapa a amanang, 'me se seng le se seng se ne se busoa ke morena oa sona.[5] Mebuso ena e menyenyane e ne e kopantsoe hammoho ka tsela e sa tiang haholo.[5]

== Lekgolo la bo-19 la lilemo ==

=== Morena Moshoeshoe. ===
Lilemong tsa bo-1820, batho ba neng ba balehile ntoa ea katoloso ea sechaba sa Mazulu tlas'a taolo ea Shaka[6] ba ile ba kopana le Basotho ba neng ba lula libakeng tse phahameng tsa naha (highveld). Ka 1823, khatello e ile ea etsa hore sehlopha se le seng sa Basotho, e leng sa ba-Kololo, se fallele ka leboea. Ba ile ba feta haufi le Mokhoabo oa Okavango 'me ba tšela noka ea Zambezi ho ea Barotseland (e leng karolo ea linaha tsa Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Botswana le Namibia kajeno).[7] Ka 1845, ba-Kololo ba ile ba hapa Barotseland.[8]

Hoo e ka bang ka nako e tšoanang, Ma-Boer a ile a qala ho kena le ho nka karolo ea naha ea Basotho.[9] Kamora hore Colony ea Cape e fetisetsoetsoe ho Brithani qetellong ea Lintoa tsa Napoleon, lihoai tse ngata li ile tsa khetha ho tloha colony eo ea mehleng ea Madache (Dutch) nakong ea seo ho thoeng ke Great Trek. Ba ile ba fallela ka hare ho naha, moo qetellong ba ileng ba theha mebuso e ikemetseng.[9][10]

Nakong ea liphetoho tsena, Moshoeshoe I o ile a kopanya ka bohlale le ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng mokhatlo o sa tiang oa lihlopha tsa Basotho le merabe ea MaNguni e neng e se e lula moo, ho etsa naha ea kajeno ea Lesotho e sebakeng sa lithaba tse phahameng ka boroa. Kaha o ne a hlomphuoa hohle e le moemeli ea nang le bokhabane ba lipuisano le leano, o ile a kopanya lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa baphaphathehi ba neng ba baleha nako ea Difaqane ho ba sechaba se momahaneng.Boetapele ba hae bo ile ba nolofalletsa lihlopha tse nyane tsa Basotho tse haufi le eena ho batla tšireletso ea hae, e leng se ileng sa thusa sechaba seo se senyane ho pholoha mathata a ileng a felisa mebuso e meng ea matsoalloa a Afrika Boroa lekholong la bo-19 la lilemo, a kang Mfecane oa Mazulu, katoloso ea MaVoortrekker ba kenang ka hare ho naha, le merero ea Ofisi ea Bokolone.

Ka 1822, Moshoeshoe o ile a theha motse-moholo oa hae Butha-Buthe, e leng thaba e bonolo ho e sireletsa e fumanehang letotong la lithaba tsa Drakensberg ka leboea; ka tsela eo, a rala motheo oa seo hamorao se ileng sa fetoha 'Muso oa Lesotho.[11] Hamorao, motse-moholo oa hae o ile oa fallesetsoa Thaba Bosiu.[11]

E le ho sebetsana le lihlopha tsa Ma-Voortrekker tse neng li ntse li atamela le ho kena naheng ea hae, Moshoeshoe o ile a khothaletsa mosebetsi oa baromuoa ba Fora 'musong oa hae.[13] Baromuoa ba rometsoeng ke mokhatlo oa Paris Evangelical Missionary Society ba ile ba fa Morena keletso litabeng tsa kantle ho naha 'me ba thusa ho nolofatsa theko ea libetsa tsa sejoale-joale.[13]

Ntle le ho sebetsa joaloka matona a 'muso, baromuoa (haholo-holo Casalis le Arbousset) ba ile ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng mokhoa oa ho ngola puo ea Sesotho le ho hatisa lingoliloeng ka puo ea Sesotho pakeng tsa 1837 le 1855.[14] Phetolelo ea pele ea Bibele ka Sesotho e ile ea hlaha ka 1878.

Ka 1868, ka mor'a ho lahleheloa ke libaka tsa lithaba tse tlase (lowlands) tse ka bophirima ho Ma-Boer nakong ea Lintoa tsa Free State le Basotho, Moshoeshoe o ile a kopa Mofumahali Victoria ka katleho hore a phatlalatse Basutoland (Lesotho la kajeno) e le sebaka se sireletsoang ke Brithani (protectorate). Ka lebaka leo, tsamaiso ea Brithani e ile ea theoa Maseru, e leng sebaka seo e leng motse-moholo oa Lesotho hajoale.[9] Marena a sebaka seo a ile a lula a e-na le matla holim'a litaba tsa ka hare ho naha, ha Brithani e ne e ikarabella bakeng sa litaba tsa kantle ho naha le tšireletso ea sebaka seo se sireletsoang.

Ka 1869, Brithani e ile ea tšehetsa ts'ebetso ea ho beha meeli ea Basutoland.[9] Le hoja meloko e mengata e ne e e-na le libaka ka hare ho Basutoland, palo e kholo ea batho ba buang Sesotho e ne e lula libakeng tse neng li abetsoe Orange Free State, e leng naha e ikemetseng ea Ma-Voortrekker e neng e bapile le mmuso wa Basotho. Morena Moshoeshoe o ile a hlokahala lilemo tse peli hamorao, ka 1870, ka mor'a hore ntwa e fele, mme a patoa tlhorong ya Thaba Bosiu.

== Lekholo la bo-20 la lilemo ==
Tšireletso ea Brithani e ile ea tiisa hore boiteko bo pheto-phetoang ba Orange Free State, le hamorao ba Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa, ba ho nka karolo kapa naha eohle ea Basutoland, bo hlōleha.[3] Ka 1966, Basutoland e ile ea fumana boipuso ho tsoa Brithani, 'me ea fetoha 'Muso oa Lesotho.

Puō ea Sesotho e buuoa haholo sebakeng sena ka lebaka la ho falla ha batho ka hare ho naha. E le hore ba kenelle moruong o thehiloeng cheleteng, banna ba Lesotho ba ne ba atisa ho falla ho ea litoropong tse kholo tsa Afrika Boroa ho ea batla mosebetsi merafong.[17] Ka hona, basebetsi ba fallang ba tsoang Free State le Lesotho ba ile ba thusa ho hasa Sesotho libakeng tsa litoropo tsa Afrika Boroa. Ho lumellanoa ka kakaretso hore mosebetsi oa ho falla o ile oa ama bophelo ba malapa a batho ba buang Sesotho hampe, hobane batho ba baholo (haholo-holo banna) ba ne ba tlameha ho siea malapa a bona metseng e futanehileng ha bona ba ntse ba sebetsa litoropong tse hole.[17]

Boiteko ba 'muso oa khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ba ho qobella batho ba buang Sesotho ho fallela libakeng tse khethiloeng tsa batho ba batšo (homelands) ha boa ka ba ba le tšusumetso e kholo tseleng eo ba neng ba lula ka eona. Palo e kholo ea basebetsi e ile ea tsoela pele ho tloha libakeng tsa setso tsa bolulo ba batho ba batšo.[3] Basali ba ne ba atisa ho batla mesebetsi ea temo kapa ea ho sebetsa malapeng, ha banna bona ba ne ba atisa ho fumana mesebetsi merafong.[3]

Mabapi le bolumeli, karolo ea bohlokoa eo baromuoa ba Bokreste ba e bapalileng ho thusa Moshoeshoe I ho sireletsa 'muso oa hae e ile ea thusa ho tiisa hore Basotho ba bangata ba amohela Bokreste. Kajeno, boholo ba batho ba buang Sesotho ba latela mofuta oa Bokreste o kopanyang lithuto tsa setso tsa Bokreste le litumelo tsa lehae tsa pele ho fihla ha Bophirimela. Modimo o nkoa e le 'Mopi ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa eo batho ba tloaelehileng ba sa khoneng ho atamela ho eena ka kotloloho. Badimo ba nkoa e le baemeli pakeng tsa Modimo le batho ba phelang, 'me ho hlokahala hore ba khahlisoe ka borapeli le tlhompho.[18] Semmuso, boholo ba baahi ba Lesotho ke Bak'hatholike.[19] Sebaka sa mantlha sa Basotho ba Borwa ke profinse ea Free State Afrika Boroa le naha ea Lesotho e haufi le eona.[20] Libaka tsena ka bobeli, tse leng libaka tsa mahaeng haholo, li na le bofutsana bo boholo le khaello ea nts'etsopele.[21] Batho ba bangata ba buang Sesotho ba phela maemong a thata a moruo, empa ba nang le monyetla oa ho ba le mobu le mosebetsi o tsitsitseng ba ka 'na ba phela bophelo bo betere.[21] Beng ba mobu ba atisa ho kenela mesebetsi ea temo ea boipheliso kapa ea khoebo e nyane.[19] Leha ho le joalo, ho fula ho feteletseng le tsamaiso e mpe ea mobu ke mathata a ntseng a eketseha.

== Boemo ba Baahi ==
Batho ba batšo ba hlahileng Lesotho le libakeng tse ling tsa mantlha tsa Basotho ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho ea le ho khutla (ho falla ka nakoana) ho ea Afrika Boroa ho batla mosebetsi, ha ba ntse ba boloka likamano le malapa a bona libakeng tsa mahaeng.[22] Ka kakaretso, mekhoa ea khiro har'a Basotho e latela mekhoa e tšoanang le ea sechaba ka bophara ba Afrika Boroa. Mabaka a amanang le nalane a etsa hore ho hloka mesebetsi har'a Basotho le batho ba bang ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa ho lule ho le holimo.[21]

Basotho ba Palame Lipere

Phesente ea batho ba buang Sesotho ho pholletsa le Afrika Boroa:[23]

Profinse ea Gauteng: 13.1%

Atteridgeville: 12.3%

Masepala oa Metropolitan oa City of Johannesburg: 9.6%

Soweto: 15.5%

Masepala oa Metropolitan oa Ekurhuleni: 10.0%

Katlehong: 22.4%

Masepala oa Setereke oa Sedibeng: 46.7%

Masepala oa Setereke oa West Rand: 10.8%

Masepala oa Lehae oa Midvaal: 27.9%

Profinse ea Free State: 64.2%

Bloemfontein: 33.4%

== Puo ==
[[File:Ho ruta Wikipedia moketeng wa botjhaba Qwaqwa 04.jpg|thumb|Basadi ba Basotho ]]
Puo ea Basotho e bitsoa Sesotho,[24] 'me ka seoelo e bitsoang Sesotho sa Borwa.[25] Lingoliloeng tse ling li ka 'na tsa bitsa Sesotho e le &quot;Southern Sotho&quot; ho se khetholla ho Northern Sotho, e tsejoang hape e le Sepedi.

Sesotho ke puo ea pele ea batho ba limilione tse 1.5 Lesotho, kapa 85% ea baahi.[19] Ke e 'ngoe ea lipuo tse peli tsa semmuso Lesotho, 'me e 'ngoe ke Senyesemane.[19] Lesotho le na le e 'ngoe ea litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola Afrika, moo 59% ea batho ba baholo ba tsebang ho bala le ho ngola, haholo-holo ka Sesotho.[26]

Sesotho ke e 'ngoe ea lipuo tse leshome le motso o le mong tsa semmuso tsa Afrika Boroa.[24] Ho ea ka Palo ea Batho ea Naha ea Afrika Boroa ea 2011, hoo e ka bang batho ba limilione tse 4 ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, ho kenyeletsoa 62% ea baahi ba Free State.[27] Hoo e ka bang 13.1% ea baahi ba Gauteng ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele.[23] Profinseng ea North West, 5% ea baahi ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea pele, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba fumaneha sebakeng sa Maboloka.[27] Karolo ea 3% ea batho ba Mpumalanga ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba lula sebakeng sa Standerton.[27] Karolo ea 2% ea baahi ba Eastern Cape ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, leha ba lula haholo karolong e ka leboea ea profinse.[27]

Ntle le Lesotho le Afrika Boroa, batho ba 60,000 ba bua Silozi (puo e amanang haufi le Sesotho) Zambia.[28] Ho feta moo, batho ba 'maloa ba buang Sesotho ba lula Botswana, Eswatini le sebakeng sa Caprivi Strip Namibia.[28] Ha ho na lipalo-palo tsa semmuso tse fumanehang mabapi le tšebeliso ea puo ea bobeli, empa khakanyo e itekanetseng ea palo ea batho ba buang Sesotho e le puo ea bobeli (kapa ea morao ho moo) ke limilione tse 5.9.[28][29] Sesotho se sebelisoa maemong a fapaneng a thuto, e le thuto e ithutoang le e le puo e sebelisoang ho ruta.[26] Se sebelisoa ka mefuta ea sona ea ho buuoa le ea ho ngoloa likarolong tsohle tsa thuto, ho tloha sekolong sa bana ba banyenyane ho isa lithutong tsa boemo bo holimo ba bongaka ba thuto (doctoral studies).[26] Leha ho le joalo, palo ea lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji le litaba tse khethehileng (mohlala, makaleng a khoebo, theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling, molao, saense le lipalo) ka puo ena e ntse e le nyane haholo.[26]

Sesotho se bile le boteng bo bonahalang mecheng ea litaba ho tloha ha ho fela khethollo ea morabe (apartheid). Lesedi FM ke seteishene sa seea-le-moea sa Sesotho se sebetsang lihora tse 24 ka letsatsi, se tsamaisoang ke South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), 'me se hasa ka Sesotho feela. Ho na le liteishene tse ling tsa seea-le-moea tsa libaka tse fapaneng Lesotho le profinseng ea Free State.[26] Litaba tsa Sesotho tse nkang halofo ea hora li hasoa letsatsi le letsatsi kanaleng ea SABC e sa lefelloeng ea SABC 2. Seteishene se ikemetseng sa thelevishene sa eTV le sona se hlahisa lenaneo la litaba tsa Sesotho la halofo ea hora letsatsi le letsatsi. SABC le sehlopha sa eTV li hlahisa mananeo a fapaneng a kenyelletsang lipuisano ka Sesotho.

Naheng ea Lesotho, Setsi sa Naha sa Phatlalatso sa Lesotho (Lesotho National Broadcasting Service) se hasetsa mananeo a sona Afrika Boroa ka tšebeletso ea satellite ea DStv.

Pampiri tse ngata tsa litaba Lesotho li ngoloa ka Sesotho kapa ka lipuo tse peli, e leng Sesotho le Senyesemane. Ha ho na lipampiri tse kholo tsa litaba tsa Afrika Boroa tse ngoloang ka botlalo ka Sesotho, haese likoranta tse nyane tsa libaka tse kang QwaQwa, Fouriesburg, Ficksburg, le mohlomong litoropo tse ling tsa Free State.[26]

Hajoale, makasine o tsebahalang oa Afrika Boroa o bitsoang Bona[30] o kenyelletsa litaba le lingoliloeng tsa Sesotho.[26] Ho tloha ha ho hlophisoa melao ea mongolo oa Sesotho, ho hlahisitsoe lingoliloeng tse ngata ka puo ena. Har'a lingoliloeng tse hlahelletseng tsa Sesotho ho na le buka e kholo ea Thomas Mofolo e bitsoang *Chaka*, e fetoleletsoeng lipuong tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa Senyesemane le Sejeremane.[31]

== Diaparo ==
Basotho ba apereng liaparo tsa setso
[[File:Basotho ba kgabile 08.jpg|thumb|Basotho ba kgabile ka meaparo ya bona]]

Basotho ba na le liaparo tsa setso tse ikhethang. Tsena li kenyelletsa *mokorotlo*, e leng katiba e bōpehileng joaloka cone e nang le ntlha e khabisitsoeng ka holimo, 'me e aparoa ka litsela tse fapaneng ke banna le basali. Kobo ea Basotho hangata e aparoa mahetleng kapa lethekeng 'me e sireletsa motho ea e apereng serameng. Leha batho ba bangata ba Basotho ba apara liaparo tsa sejoale-joale (tse kang tsa Bophirimela), hangata ba boetse ba apara liaparo tsa setso holim'a tsona.&lt;ref&gt;https://helplesotho.org/traditional-basotho-dress/&lt;/ref&gt;


== Libuka ==
* Histori ea Basotho, Karolo ea Pele
* Ellenberger, DF. (1911) ''History ea Basotho: Tsa tsepe le ho qala ha tsoelo-pele'', Leselinyana.
* Ellenberger, DF. (1912) ''[https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AHistory_of_the_Basuto%2C_Ancient_and_Modern_WDL3269.pdf&amp;page=1 History of the Basuto: Ancient and Modern]''.
* Ellenberger, DF. (1917) ''Histori ea Basotho, Karolo I: Mehla ea Boholo-holo. Morija: Morija Sesuto Book Depot.

[[Category:Basotho]]</text>
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'''Basotho''' ke batho ba pele bao balimo ba bona ba ileng ba phela Borwa ba Afrika nakong ya kgalekgale.Ba dula haholo dibakeng tsa Lesotho, Afrika Borwa, Botswana le Namibia.

Ho lumeloa hore baholo-holo ba batho ba Basotho ba tsoa Afrika Ll

Leboya-botjhabela, 'me ba ile ba falla ba lebile boroa lekholong la bohlano la lilemo (AD). Ha nako e ntse e ea, batho ba Basotho ba ile ba arohana ka dihlopha kapa meloko e fapaneng ka lebaka la Mfecane (letoto la dinto le ho falla ho ileng ha etsahala lekholong la bo-19 la lilemo)[1] hammoho le bokolone.

Makhooa a Brithani le Ma-Boer (litloholo tsa Madatjhhe) ba ile ba arolelana naha ea Basotho lipakeng tsa bona qetellong ea lekholo la bo-19 la lilemo. Lesotho le ile la theooa ke bafalli tumellanong ea Aliwal North ka 1869, ka mor'a likhohlano tsa naha le Morena Moshoeshoe I, e leng morena oa Basotho ba Boroa.

Boitsebiso ba Basotho ba Boroa ba Lesotho bo ile ba hlaha ka lebaka la ho theoa ha Lesotho ke Brithani, ka mor'a hore Ma-Boer a hlole Moshoeshoe I Ntoeng ea Boraro ea Basotho ka 1868 'me a kopa tšireletso ho Brithani. Ba bang ba batho ba buang Sesotho sa Boroa—bao e neng e se karolo ea mmuso wa Moshoeshoe ha a ne a kopanya merabe ea habo bona—ba dula Gauteng, ha ba bang ba fumaneha bophirima ba KwaZulu-Natal, leboya ho Eastern Cape le boholo ba profinse ea Free State.

== Nalane ==

=== Histori ya pele ===
Boitsebiso bo eketsehileng: Phallo ea batho ba buang dipuo tsa Bantu le ditjhaba tsa Basotho-Tswana

Sechaba sa Basotho ke motsoako oa lihlopha tsa batho ba buang lipuo tsa Bantu tse ileng tsa kopana le batho ba San, bao e neng e le bona ba seng ba lula Borwa ba Afrika ha ba fihla moo. Batho ba buang lipuo tsa Bantu ba ne ba se ba lula sebakeng seo kajeno e leng Afrika Boroa hoo e ka bang ka selemo sa 1500 CE.[2][3] Ho nahanoa hore karohano pakeng tsa bona le Batswana e etsahetse lekholong la bo-14 la lilemo. Basotho ba bang ba ile ba arohana le batho ba Nguni, ha ba bang bona ba ile ba kopanngoa le bona ho haha ​​sechaba sa Nguni. Lekholong la bo-16 la lilemo, mosebetsi oa ho qapi le ho sebetsa tšepe (iron-working) o ne o se o tiile har'a lichaba tsa Basotho hammoho le baahisani ba bona ba Nguni. Basotho ba ne ba ipusa haholo ebile ba ikemetse ho fihlela nakong eo, ba etsa khoebo ka linako tse ling le libaka tse ka leboea ho naha ea habo bona ka likamano tse hlalosoang e le tse &quot;sa tloaelehang le tse fokolang&quot;.[4] bonyane ho tloha lekholong la bo-17 la lilemo, ho ne ho e-na le mebuso e mengata ea Basotho e neng e koahetse karolo e ka boroa ea sebaka se phahameng sa naha ea Afrika (seo kajeno e leng Profinse ea Free State le likarolo tsa Gauteng), hammoho le North West. Sechaba sa Basotho se ne se sa laoloe ke puso e le 'ngoe e bohareng, empa se hlophisitsoe ho latela metse kapa lihlopha tse kholo tsa malapa a amanang, 'me se seng le se seng se ne se busoa ke morena oa sona.[5] Mebuso ena e menyenyane e ne e kopantsoe hammoho ka tsela e sa tiang haholo.[5]

== Lekgolo la bo-19 la lilemo ==

=== Morena Moshoeshoe. ===
Lilemong tsa bo-1820, batho ba neng ba balehile ntoa ea katoloso ea sechaba sa Mazulu tlas'a taolo ea Shaka[6] ba ile ba kopana le Basotho ba neng ba lula libakeng tse phahameng tsa naha (highveld). Ka 1823, khatello e ile ea etsa hore sehlopha se le seng sa Basotho, e leng sa ba-Kololo, se fallele ka leboea. Ba ile ba feta haufi le Mokhoabo oa Okavango 'me ba tšela noka ea Zambezi ho ea Barotseland (e leng karolo ea linaha tsa Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Botswana le Namibia kajeno).[7] Ka 1845, ba-Kololo ba ile ba hapa Barotseland.[8]

Hoo e ka bang ka nako e tšoanang, Ma-Boer a ile a qala ho kena le ho nka karolo ea naha ea Basotho.[9] Kamora hore Colony ea Cape e fetisetsoetsoe ho Brithani qetellong ea Lintoa tsa Napoleon, lihoai tse ngata li ile tsa khetha ho tloha colony eo ea mehleng ea Madache (Dutch) nakong ea seo ho thoeng ke Great Trek. Ba ile ba fallela ka hare ho naha, moo qetellong ba ileng ba theha mebuso e ikemetseng.[9][10]

Nakong ea liphetoho tsena, Moshoeshoe I o ile a kopanya ka bohlale le ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng mokhatlo o sa tiang oa lihlopha tsa Basotho le merabe ea MaNguni e neng e se e lula moo, ho etsa naha ea kajeno ea Lesotho e sebakeng sa lithaba tse phahameng ka boroa. Kaha o ne a hlomphuoa hohle e le moemeli ea nang le bokhabane ba lipuisano le leano, o ile a kopanya lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa baphaphathehi ba neng ba baleha nako ea Difaqane ho ba sechaba se momahaneng.Boetapele ba hae bo ile ba nolofalletsa lihlopha tse nyane tsa Basotho tse haufi le eena ho batla tšireletso ea hae, e leng se ileng sa thusa sechaba seo se senyane ho pholoha mathata a ileng a felisa mebuso e meng ea matsoalloa a Afrika Boroa lekholong la bo-19 la lilemo, a kang Mfecane oa Mazulu, katoloso ea MaVoortrekker ba kenang ka hare ho naha, le merero ea Ofisi ea Bokolone.

Ka 1822, Moshoeshoe o ile a theha motse-moholo oa hae Butha-Buthe, e leng thaba e bonolo ho e sireletsa e fumanehang letotong la lithaba tsa Drakensberg ka leboea; ka tsela eo, a rala motheo oa seo hamorao se ileng sa fetoha 'Muso oa Lesotho.[11] Hamorao, motse-moholo oa hae o ile oa fallesetsoa Thaba Bosiu.[11]

E le ho sebetsana le lihlopha tsa Ma-Voortrekker tse neng li ntse li atamela le ho kena naheng ea hae, Moshoeshoe o ile a khothaletsa mosebetsi oa baromuoa ba Fora 'musong oa hae.[13] Baromuoa ba rometsoeng ke mokhatlo oa Paris Evangelical Missionary Society ba ile ba fa Morena keletso litabeng tsa kantle ho naha 'me ba thusa ho nolofatsa theko ea libetsa tsa sejoale-joale.[13]

Ntle le ho sebetsa joaloka matona a 'muso, baromuoa (haholo-holo Casalis le Arbousset) ba ile ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng mokhoa oa ho ngola puo ea Sesotho le ho hatisa lingoliloeng ka puo ea Sesotho pakeng tsa 1837 le 1855.[14] Phetolelo ea pele ea Bibele ka Sesotho e ile ea hlaha ka 1878.

Ka 1868, ka mor'a ho lahleheloa ke libaka tsa lithaba tse tlase (lowlands) tse ka bophirima ho Ma-Boer nakong ea Lintoa tsa Free State le Basotho, Moshoeshoe o ile a kopa Mofumahali Victoria ka katleho hore a phatlalatse Basutoland (Lesotho la kajeno) e le sebaka se sireletsoang ke Brithani (protectorate). Ka lebaka leo, tsamaiso ea Brithani e ile ea theoa Maseru, e leng sebaka seo e leng motse-moholo oa Lesotho hajoale.[9] Marena a sebaka seo a ile a lula a e-na le matla holim'a litaba tsa ka hare ho naha, ha Brithani e ne e ikarabella bakeng sa litaba tsa kantle ho naha le tšireletso ea sebaka seo se sireletsoang.

Ka 1869, Brithani e ile ea tšehetsa ts'ebetso ea ho beha meeli ea Basutoland.[9] Le hoja meloko e mengata e ne e e-na le libaka ka hare ho Basutoland, palo e kholo ea batho ba buang Sesotho e ne e lula libakeng tse neng li abetsoe Orange Free State, e leng naha e ikemetseng ea Ma-Voortrekker e neng e bapile le mmuso wa Basotho. Morena Moshoeshoe o ile a hlokahala lilemo tse peli hamorao, ka 1870, ka mor'a hore ntwa e fele, mme a patoa tlhorong ya Thaba Bosiu.

== Lekholo la bo-20 la lilemo ==
Tšireletso ea Brithani e ile ea tiisa hore boiteko bo pheto-phetoang ba Orange Free State, le hamorao ba Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa, ba ho nka karolo kapa naha eohle ea Basutoland, bo hlōleha.[3] Ka 1966, Basutoland e ile ea fumana boipuso ho tsoa Brithani, 'me ea fetoha 'Muso oa Lesotho.

Puō ea Sesotho e buuoa haholo sebakeng sena ka lebaka la ho falla ha batho ka hare ho naha. E le hore ba kenelle moruong o thehiloeng cheleteng, banna ba Lesotho ba ne ba atisa ho falla ho ea litoropong tse kholo tsa Afrika Boroa ho ea batla mosebetsi merafong.[17] Ka hona, basebetsi ba fallang ba tsoang Free State le Lesotho ba ile ba thusa ho hasa Sesotho libakeng tsa litoropo tsa Afrika Boroa. Ho lumellanoa ka kakaretso hore mosebetsi oa ho falla o ile oa ama bophelo ba malapa a batho ba buang Sesotho hampe, hobane batho ba baholo (haholo-holo banna) ba ne ba tlameha ho siea malapa a bona metseng e futanehileng ha bona ba ntse ba sebetsa litoropong tse hole.[17]

Boiteko ba 'muso oa khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ba ho qobella batho ba buang Sesotho ho fallela libakeng tse khethiloeng tsa batho ba batšo (homelands) ha boa ka ba ba le tšusumetso e kholo tseleng eo ba neng ba lula ka eona. Palo e kholo ea basebetsi e ile ea tsoela pele ho tloha libakeng tsa setso tsa bolulo ba batho ba batšo.[3] Basali ba ne ba atisa ho batla mesebetsi ea temo kapa ea ho sebetsa malapeng, ha banna bona ba ne ba atisa ho fumana mesebetsi merafong.[3]

Mabapi le bolumeli, karolo ea bohlokoa eo baromuoa ba Bokreste ba e bapalileng ho thusa Moshoeshoe I ho sireletsa 'muso oa hae e ile ea thusa ho tiisa hore Basotho ba bangata ba amohela Bokreste. Kajeno, boholo ba batho ba buang Sesotho ba latela mofuta oa Bokreste o kopanyang lithuto tsa setso tsa Bokreste le litumelo tsa lehae tsa pele ho fihla ha Bophirimela. Modimo o nkoa e le 'Mopi ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa eo batho ba tloaelehileng ba sa khoneng ho atamela ho eena ka kotloloho. Badimo ba nkoa e le baemeli pakeng tsa Modimo le batho ba phelang, 'me ho hlokahala hore ba khahlisoe ka borapeli le tlhompho.[18] Semmuso, boholo ba baahi ba Lesotho ke Bak'hatholike.[19] Sebaka sa mantlha sa Basotho ba Borwa ke profinse ea Free State Afrika Boroa le naha ea Lesotho e haufi le eona.[20] Libaka tsena ka bobeli, tse leng libaka tsa mahaeng haholo, li na le bofutsana bo boholo le khaello ea nts'etsopele.[21] Batho ba bangata ba buang Sesotho ba phela maemong a thata a moruo, empa ba nang le monyetla oa ho ba le mobu le mosebetsi o tsitsitseng ba ka 'na ba phela bophelo bo betere.[21] Beng ba mobu ba atisa ho kenela mesebetsi ea temo ea boipheliso kapa ea khoebo e nyane.[19] Leha ho le joalo, ho fula ho feteletseng le tsamaiso e mpe ea mobu ke mathata a ntseng a eketseha.

== Boemo ba Baahi ==
Batho ba batšo ba hlahileng Lesotho le libakeng tse ling tsa mantlha tsa Basotho ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho ea le ho khutla (ho falla ka nakoana) ho ea Afrika Boroa ho batla mosebetsi, ha ba ntse ba boloka likamano le malapa a bona libakeng tsa mahaeng.[22] Ka kakaretso, mekhoa ea khiro har'a Basotho e latela mekhoa e tšoanang le ea sechaba ka bophara ba Afrika Boroa. Mabaka a amanang le nalane a etsa hore ho hloka mesebetsi har'a Basotho le batho ba bang ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa ho lule ho le holimo.[21]

Basotho ba Palame Lipere

Phesente ea batho ba buang Sesotho ho pholletsa le Afrika Boroa:[23]

Profinse ea Gauteng: 13.1%

Atteridgeville: 12.3%

Masepala oa Metropolitan oa City of Johannesburg: 9.6%

Soweto: 15.5%

Masepala oa Metropolitan oa Ekurhuleni: 10.0%

Katlehong: 22.4%

Masepala oa Setereke oa Sedibeng: 46.7%

Masepala oa Setereke oa West Rand: 10.8%

Masepala oa Lehae oa Midvaal: 27.9%

Profinse ea Free State: 64.2%

Bloemfontein: 33.4%

== Puo ==
[[File:Ho ruta Wikipedia moketeng wa botjhaba Qwaqwa 04.jpg|thumb|Basadi ba Basotho ]]
Puo ea Basotho e bitsoa Sesotho,[24] 'me ka seoelo e bitsoang Sesotho sa Borwa.[25] Lingoliloeng tse ling li ka 'na tsa bitsa Sesotho e le &quot;Southern Sotho&quot; ho se khetholla ho Northern Sotho, e tsejoang hape e le Sepedi.

Sesotho ke puo ea pele ea batho ba limilione tse 1.5 Lesotho, kapa 85% ea baahi.[19] Ke e 'ngoe ea lipuo tse peli tsa semmuso Lesotho, 'me e 'ngoe ke Senyesemane.[19] Lesotho le na le e 'ngoe ea litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola Afrika, moo 59% ea batho ba baholo ba tsebang ho bala le ho ngola, haholo-holo ka Sesotho.[26]

Sesotho ke e 'ngoe ea lipuo tse leshome le motso o le mong tsa semmuso tsa Afrika Boroa.[24] Ho ea ka Palo ea Batho ea Naha ea Afrika Boroa ea 2011, hoo e ka bang batho ba limilione tse 4 ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, ho kenyeletsoa 62% ea baahi ba Free State.[27] Hoo e ka bang 13.1% ea baahi ba Gauteng ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele.[23] Profinseng ea North West, 5% ea baahi ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea pele, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba fumaneha sebakeng sa Maboloka.[27] Karolo ea 3% ea batho ba Mpumalanga ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba lula sebakeng sa Standerton.[27] Karolo ea 2% ea baahi ba Eastern Cape ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, leha ba lula haholo karolong e ka leboea ea profinse.[27]

Ntle le Lesotho le Afrika Boroa, batho ba 60,000 ba bua Silozi (puo e amanang haufi le Sesotho) Zambia.[28] Ho feta moo, batho ba 'maloa ba buang Sesotho ba lula Botswana, Eswatini le sebakeng sa Caprivi Strip Namibia.[28] Ha ho na lipalo-palo tsa semmuso tse fumanehang mabapi le tšebeliso ea puo ea bobeli, empa khakanyo e itekanetseng ea palo ea batho ba buang Sesotho e le puo ea bobeli (kapa ea morao ho moo) ke limilione tse 5.9.[28][29] Sesotho se sebelisoa maemong a fapaneng a thuto, e le thuto e ithutoang le e le puo e sebelisoang ho ruta.[26] Se sebelisoa ka mefuta ea sona ea ho buuoa le ea ho ngoloa likarolong tsohle tsa thuto, ho tloha sekolong sa bana ba banyenyane ho isa lithutong tsa boemo bo holimo ba bongaka ba thuto (doctoral studies).[26] Leha ho le joalo, palo ea lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji le litaba tse khethehileng (mohlala, makaleng a khoebo, theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling, molao, saense le lipalo) ka puo ena e ntse e le nyane haholo.[26]

Sesotho se bile le boteng bo bonahalang mecheng ea litaba ho tloha ha ho fela khethollo ea morabe (apartheid). Lesedi FM ke seteishene sa seea-le-moea sa Sesotho se sebetsang lihora tse 24 ka letsatsi, se tsamaisoang ke South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), 'me se hasa ka Sesotho feela. Ho na le liteishene tse ling tsa seea-le-moea tsa libaka tse fapaneng Lesotho le profinseng ea Free State.[26] Litaba tsa Sesotho tse nkang halofo ea hora li hasoa letsatsi le letsatsi kanaleng ea SABC e sa lefelloeng ea SABC 2. Seteishene se ikemetseng sa thelevishene sa eTV le sona se hlahisa lenaneo la litaba tsa Sesotho la halofo ea hora letsatsi le letsatsi. SABC le sehlopha sa eTV li hlahisa mananeo a fapaneng a kenyelletsang lipuisano ka Sesotho.

Naheng ea Lesotho, Setsi sa Naha sa Phatlalatso sa Lesotho (Lesotho National Broadcasting Service) se hasetsa mananeo a sona Afrika Boroa ka tšebeletso ea satellite ea DStv.

Pampiri tse ngata tsa litaba Lesotho li ngoloa ka Sesotho kapa ka lipuo tse peli, e leng Sesotho le Senyesemane. Ha ho na lipampiri tse kholo tsa litaba tsa Afrika Boroa tse ngoloang ka botlalo ka Sesotho, haese likoranta tse nyane tsa libaka tse kang QwaQwa, Fouriesburg, Ficksburg, le mohlomong litoropo tse ling tsa Free State.[26]

Hajoale, makasine o tsebahalang oa Afrika Boroa o bitsoang Bona[30] o kenyelletsa litaba le lingoliloeng tsa Sesotho.[26] Ho tloha ha ho hlophisoa melao ea mongolo oa Sesotho, ho hlahisitsoe lingoliloeng tse ngata ka puo ena. Har'a lingoliloeng tse hlahelletseng tsa Sesotho ho na le buka e kholo ea Thomas Mofolo e bitsoang *Chaka*, e fetoleletsoeng lipuong tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa Senyesemane le Sejeremane.[31]

== Diaparo ==
Basotho ba apereng liaparo tsa setso
[[File:Basotho ba kgabile 08.jpg|thumb|Basotho ba kgabile ka meaparo ya bona]]

Basotho ba na le liaparo tsa setso tse ikhethang. Tsena li kenyelletsa *mokorotlo*, e leng katiba e bōpehileng joaloka cone e nang le ntlha e khabisitsoeng ka holimo, 'me e aparoa ka litsela tse fapaneng ke banna le basali. Kobo ea Basotho hangata e aparoa mahetleng kapa lethekeng 'me e sireletsa motho ea e apereng serameng. Leha batho ba bangata ba Basotho ba apara liaparo tsa sejoale-joale (tse kang tsa Bophirimela), hangata ba boetse ba apara liaparo tsa setso holim'a tsona.&lt;ref&gt;https://helplesotho.org/traditional-basotho-dress/&lt;/ref&gt;


== Libuka ==
* Histori ea Basotho, Karolo ea Pele
* Ellenberger, DF. (1911) ''History ea Basotho: Tsa tsepe le ho qala ha tsoelo-pele'', Leselinyana.
* Ellenberger, DF. (1912) ''[https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AHistory_of_the_Basuto%2C_Ancient_and_Modern_WDL3269.pdf&amp;page=1 History of the Basuto: Ancient and Modern]''.
* Ellenberger, DF. (1917) ''Histori ea Basotho, Karolo I: Mehla ea Boholo-holo. Morija: Morija Sesuto Book Depot.

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'''Basotho''' ke batho ba pele bao balimo ba bona ba ileng ba phela Borwa ba Afrika nakong ya kgalekgale.Ba dula haholo dibakeng tsa Lesotho, Afrika Borwa, Botswana le Namibia.

Ho lumeloa hore baholo-holo ba batho ba Basotho ba tsoa Afrika Ll

Leboya-botjhabela, 'me ba ile ba falla ba lebile boroa lekholong la bohlano la lilemo (AD). Ha nako e ntse e ea, batho ba Basotho ba ile ba arohana ka dihlopha kapa meloko e fapaneng ka lebaka la Mfecane (letoto la dinto le ho falla ho ileng ha etsahala lekholong la bo-19 la lilemo)[1] hammoho le bokolone.

Makhooa a Brithani le Ma-Boer (litloholo tsa Madatjhhe) ba ile ba arolelana naha ea Basotho lipakeng tsa bona qetellong ea lekholo la bo-19 la lilemo. Lesotho le ile la theooa ke bafalli tumellanong ea Aliwal North ka 1869, ka mo likhohlano tsa naha le Morena Moshoeshoe I, e leng morena oa Basotho ba Boroa.

Boitsebiso ba Basotho ba Boroa ba Lesotho bo ile ba hlaha ka lebaka la ho thewa ha Lesotho ke Brithani, ka mora hore Maburu a hlole Moshoeshoe I Ntoeng ea Boraro ya Basotho ka selemo sa 1868 mme a kopa tshireletso ho Brithani. Ba bang ba batho ba buang Sesotho sa Boroa—bao e neng e se karolo ya mmuso wa Moshoeshoe ha a ne a kopanya merabe ya habo bona—ba dula Gauteng, ha ba bang ba fumaneha bophirima ba KwaZulu-Natal, leboya ho Eastern Cape le boholo ba profinse ya Free State.

== Nalane ==

=== Histori ya pele ===
Boitsebiso bo eketsehileng: Phallo ea batho ba buang dipuo tsa Bantu le ditjhaba tsa Basotho-Tswana

Sechaba sa Basotho ke motsoako oa lihlopha tsa batho ba buang lipuo tsa Bantu tse ileng tsa kopana le batho ba San, bao e neng e le bona ba seng ba lula Borwa ba Afrika ha ba fihla moo. Batho ba buang lipuo tsa Bantu ba ne ba se ba lula sebakeng seo kajeno e leng Afrika Boroa hoo e ka bang ka selemo sa 1500 CE.[2][3] Ho nahanoa hore karohano pakeng tsa bona le Batswana e etsahetse lekholong la bo-14 la lilemo. Basotho ba bang ba ile ba arohana le batho ba Nguni, ha ba bang bona ba ile ba kopanngoa le bona ho haha ​​sechaba sa Nguni. Lekholong la bo-16 la lilemo, mosebetsi oa ho qapi le ho sebetsa tšepe (iron-working) o ne o se o tiile har'a lichaba tsa Basotho hammoho le baahisani ba bona ba Nguni. Basotho ba ne ba ipusa haholo ebile ba ikemetse ho fihlela nakong eo, ba etsa khoebo ka linako tse ling le libaka tse ka leboea ho naha ea habo bona ka likamano tse hlalosoang e le tse &quot;sa tloaelehang le tse fokolang&quot;.[4] bonyane ho tloha lekholong la bo-17 la lilemo, ho ne ho e-na le mebuso e mengata ea Basotho e neng e koahetse karolo e ka boroa ea sebaka se phahameng sa naha ea Afrika (seo kajeno e leng Profinse ea Free State le likarolo tsa Gauteng), hammoho le North West. Sechaba sa Basotho se ne se sa laoloe ke puso e le 'ngoe e bohareng, empa se hlophisitsoe ho latela metse kapa lihlopha tse kholo tsa malapa a amanang, 'me se seng le se seng se ne se busoa ke morena oa sona.[5] Mebuso ena e menyenyane e ne e kopantsoe hammoho ka tsela e sa tiang haholo.[5]

== Lekgolo la bo-19 la lilemo ==

=== Morena Moshoeshoe. ===
Lilemong tsa bo-1820, batho ba neng ba balehile ntoa ea katoloso ea sechaba sa Mazulu tlas'a taolo ea Shaka[6] ba ile ba kopana le Basotho ba neng ba lula libakeng tse phahameng tsa naha (highveld). Ka 1823, khatello e ile ea etsa hore sehlopha se le seng sa Basotho, e leng sa ba-Kololo, se fallele ka leboea. Ba ile ba feta haufi le Mokhoabo oa Okavango 'me ba tšela noka ea Zambezi ho ea Barotseland (e leng karolo ea linaha tsa Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Botswana le Namibia kajeno).[7] Ka 1845, ba-Kololo ba ile ba hapa Barotseland.[8]

Hoo e ka bang ka nako e tšoanang, Ma-Boer a ile a qala ho kena le ho nka karolo ea naha ea Basotho.[9] Kamora hore Colony ea Cape e fetisetsoetsoe ho Brithani qetellong ea Lintoa tsa Napoleon, lihoai tse ngata li ile tsa khetha ho tloha colony eo ea mehleng ea Madache (Dutch) nakong ea seo ho thoeng ke Great Trek. Ba ile ba fallela ka hare ho naha, moo qetellong ba ileng ba theha mebuso e ikemetseng.[9][10]

Nakong ea liphetoho tsena, Moshoeshoe I o ile a kopanya ka bohlale le ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng mokhatlo o sa tiang oa lihlopha tsa Basotho le merabe ea MaNguni e neng e se e lula moo, ho etsa naha ea kajeno ea Lesotho e sebakeng sa lithaba tse phahameng ka boroa. Kaha o ne a hlomphuoa hohle e le moemeli ea nang le bokhabane ba lipuisano le leano, o ile a kopanya lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa baphaphathehi ba neng ba baleha nako ea Difaqane ho ba sechaba se momahaneng.Boetapele ba hae bo ile ba nolofalletsa lihlopha tse nyane tsa Basotho tse haufi le eena ho batla tšireletso ea hae, e leng se ileng sa thusa sechaba seo se senyane ho pholoha mathata a ileng a felisa mebuso e meng ea matsoalloa a Afrika Boroa lekholong la bo-19 la lilemo, a kang Mfecane oa Mazulu, katoloso ea MaVoortrekker ba kenang ka hare ho naha, le merero ea Ofisi ea Bokolone.

Ka 1822, Moshoeshoe o ile a theha motse-moholo oa hae Butha-Buthe, e leng thaba e bonolo ho e sireletsa e fumanehang letotong la lithaba tsa Drakensberg ka leboea; ka tsela eo, a rala motheo oa seo hamorao se ileng sa fetoha 'Muso oa Lesotho.[11] Hamorao, motse-moholo oa hae o ile oa fallesetsoa Thaba Bosiu.[11]

E le ho sebetsana le lihlopha tsa Ma-Voortrekker tse neng li ntse li atamela le ho kena naheng ea hae, Moshoeshoe o ile a khothaletsa mosebetsi oa baromuoa ba Fora 'musong oa hae.[13] Baromuoa ba rometsoeng ke mokhatlo oa Paris Evangelical Missionary Society ba ile ba fa Morena keletso litabeng tsa kantle ho naha 'me ba thusa ho nolofatsa theko ea libetsa tsa sejoale-joale.[13]

Ntle le ho sebetsa joaloka matona a 'muso, baromuoa (haholo-holo Casalis le Arbousset) ba ile ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng mokhoa oa ho ngola puo ea Sesotho le ho hatisa lingoliloeng ka puo ea Sesotho pakeng tsa 1837 le 1855.[14] Phetolelo ea pele ea Bibele ka Sesotho e ile ea hlaha ka 1878.

Ka 1868, ka mor'a ho lahleheloa ke libaka tsa lithaba tse tlase (lowlands) tse ka bophirima ho Ma-Boer nakong ea Lintoa tsa Free State le Basotho, Moshoeshoe o ile a kopa Mofumahali Victoria ka katleho hore a phatlalatse Basutoland (Lesotho la kajeno) e le sebaka se sireletsoang ke Brithani (protectorate). Ka lebaka leo, tsamaiso ea Brithani e ile ea theoa Maseru, e leng sebaka seo e leng motse-moholo oa Lesotho hajoale.[9] Marena a sebaka seo a ile a lula a e-na le matla holim'a litaba tsa ka hare ho naha, ha Brithani e ne e ikarabella bakeng sa litaba tsa kantle ho naha le tšireletso ea sebaka seo se sireletsoang.

Ka 1869, Brithani e ile ea tšehetsa ts'ebetso ea ho beha meeli ea Basutoland.[9] Le hoja meloko e mengata e ne e e-na le libaka ka hare ho Basutoland, palo e kholo ea batho ba buang Sesotho e ne e lula libakeng tse neng li abetsoe Orange Free State, e leng naha e ikemetseng ea Ma-Voortrekker e neng e bapile le mmuso wa Basotho. Morena Moshoeshoe o ile a hlokahala lilemo tse peli hamorao, ka 1870, ka mor'a hore ntwa e fele, mme a patoa tlhorong ya Thaba Bosiu.

== Lekholo la bo-20 la lilemo ==
Tšireletso ea Brithani e ile ea tiisa hore boiteko bo pheto-phetoang ba Orange Free State, le hamorao ba Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa, ba ho nka karolo kapa naha eohle ea Basutoland, bo hlōleha.[3] Ka 1966, Basutoland e ile ea fumana boipuso ho tsoa Brithani, 'me ea fetoha 'Muso oa Lesotho.

Puō ea Sesotho e buuoa haholo sebakeng sena ka lebaka la ho falla ha batho ka hare ho naha. E le hore ba kenelle moruong o thehiloeng cheleteng, banna ba Lesotho ba ne ba atisa ho falla ho ea litoropong tse kholo tsa Afrika Boroa ho ea batla mosebetsi merafong.[17] Ka hona, basebetsi ba fallang ba tsoang Free State le Lesotho ba ile ba thusa ho hasa Sesotho libakeng tsa litoropo tsa Afrika Boroa. Ho lumellanoa ka kakaretso hore mosebetsi oa ho falla o ile oa ama bophelo ba malapa a batho ba buang Sesotho hampe, hobane batho ba baholo (haholo-holo banna) ba ne ba tlameha ho siea malapa a bona metseng e futanehileng ha bona ba ntse ba sebetsa litoropong tse hole.[17]

Boiteko ba 'muso oa khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ba ho qobella batho ba buang Sesotho ho fallela libakeng tse khethiloeng tsa batho ba batšo (homelands) ha boa ka ba ba le tšusumetso e kholo tseleng eo ba neng ba lula ka eona. Palo e kholo ea basebetsi e ile ea tsoela pele ho tloha libakeng tsa setso tsa bolulo ba batho ba batšo.[3] Basali ba ne ba atisa ho batla mesebetsi ea temo kapa ea ho sebetsa malapeng, ha banna bona ba ne ba atisa ho fumana mesebetsi merafong.[3]

Mabapi le bolumeli, karolo ea bohlokoa eo baromuoa ba Bokreste ba e bapalileng ho thusa Moshoeshoe I ho sireletsa 'muso oa hae e ile ea thusa ho tiisa hore Basotho ba bangata ba amohela Bokreste. Kajeno, boholo ba batho ba buang Sesotho ba latela mofuta oa Bokreste o kopanyang lithuto tsa setso tsa Bokreste le litumelo tsa lehae tsa pele ho fihla ha Bophirimela. Modimo o nkoa e le 'Mopi ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa eo batho ba tloaelehileng ba sa khoneng ho atamela ho eena ka kotloloho. Badimo ba nkoa e le baemeli pakeng tsa Modimo le batho ba phelang, 'me ho hlokahala hore ba khahlisoe ka borapeli le tlhompho.[18] Semmuso, boholo ba baahi ba Lesotho ke Bak'hatholike.[19] Sebaka sa mantlha sa Basotho ba Borwa ke profinse ea Free State Afrika Boroa le naha ea Lesotho e haufi le eona.[20] Libaka tsena ka bobeli, tse leng libaka tsa mahaeng haholo, li na le bofutsana bo boholo le khaello ea nts'etsopele.[21] Batho ba bangata ba buang Sesotho ba phela maemong a thata a moruo, empa ba nang le monyetla oa ho ba le mobu le mosebetsi o tsitsitseng ba ka 'na ba phela bophelo bo betere.[21] Beng ba mobu ba atisa ho kenela mesebetsi ea temo ea boipheliso kapa ea khoebo e nyane.[19] Leha ho le joalo, ho fula ho feteletseng le tsamaiso e mpe ea mobu ke mathata a ntseng a eketseha.

== Boemo ba Baahi ==
Batho ba batšo ba hlahileng Lesotho le libakeng tse ling tsa mantlha tsa Basotho ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho ea le ho khutla (ho falla ka nakoana) ho ea Afrika Boroa ho batla mosebetsi, ha ba ntse ba boloka likamano le malapa a bona libakeng tsa mahaeng.[22] Ka kakaretso, mekhoa ea khiro har'a Basotho e latela mekhoa e tšoanang le ea sechaba ka bophara ba Afrika Boroa. Mabaka a amanang le nalane a etsa hore ho hloka mesebetsi har'a Basotho le batho ba bang ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa ho lule ho le holimo.[21]

Basotho ba Palame Lipere

Phesente ea batho ba buang Sesotho ho pholletsa le Afrika Boroa:[23]

Profinse ea Gauteng: 13.1%

Atteridgeville: 12.3%

Masepala oa Metropolitan oa City of Johannesburg: 9.6%

Soweto: 15.5%

Masepala oa Metropolitan oa Ekurhuleni: 10.0%

Katlehong: 22.4%

Masepala oa Setereke oa Sedibeng: 46.7%

Masepala oa Setereke oa West Rand: 10.8%

Masepala oa Lehae oa Midvaal: 27.9%

Profinse ea Free State: 64.2%

Bloemfontein: 33.4%

== Puo ==
[[File:Ho ruta Wikipedia moketeng wa botjhaba Qwaqwa 04.jpg|thumb|Basadi ba Basotho ]]
Puo ea Basotho e bitsoa Sesotho,[24] 'me ka seoelo e bitsoang Sesotho sa Borwa.[25] Lingoliloeng tse ling li ka 'na tsa bitsa Sesotho e le &quot;Southern Sotho&quot; ho se khetholla ho Northern Sotho, e tsejoang hape e le Sepedi.

Sesotho ke puo ea pele ea batho ba limilione tse 1.5 Lesotho, kapa 85% ea baahi.[19] Ke e 'ngoe ea lipuo tse peli tsa semmuso Lesotho, 'me e 'ngoe ke Senyesemane.[19] Lesotho le na le e 'ngoe ea litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola Afrika, moo 59% ea batho ba baholo ba tsebang ho bala le ho ngola, haholo-holo ka Sesotho.[26]

Sesotho ke e 'ngoe ea lipuo tse leshome le motso o le mong tsa semmuso tsa Afrika Boroa.[24] Ho ea ka Palo ea Batho ea Naha ea Afrika Boroa ea 2011, hoo e ka bang batho ba limilione tse 4 ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, ho kenyeletsoa 62% ea baahi ba Free State.[27] Hoo e ka bang 13.1% ea baahi ba Gauteng ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele.[23] Profinseng ea North West, 5% ea baahi ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea pele, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba fumaneha sebakeng sa Maboloka.[27] Karolo ea 3% ea batho ba Mpumalanga ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba lula sebakeng sa Standerton.[27] Karolo ea 2% ea baahi ba Eastern Cape ba bua Sesotho e le puo ea bona ea pele, leha ba lula haholo karolong e ka leboea ea profinse.[27]

Ntle le Lesotho le Afrika Boroa, batho ba 60,000 ba bua Silozi (puo e amanang haufi le Sesotho) Zambia.[28] Ho feta moo, batho ba 'maloa ba buang Sesotho ba lula Botswana, Eswatini le sebakeng sa Caprivi Strip Namibia.[28] Ha ho na lipalo-palo tsa semmuso tse fumanehang mabapi le tšebeliso ea puo ea bobeli, empa khakanyo e itekanetseng ea palo ea batho ba buang Sesotho e le puo ea bobeli (kapa ea morao ho moo) ke limilione tse 5.9.[28][29] Sesotho se sebelisoa maemong a fapaneng a thuto, e le thuto e ithutoang le e le puo e sebelisoang ho ruta.[26] Se sebelisoa ka mefuta ea sona ea ho buuoa le ea ho ngoloa likarolong tsohle tsa thuto, ho tloha sekolong sa bana ba banyenyane ho isa lithutong tsa boemo bo holimo ba bongaka ba thuto (doctoral studies).[26] Leha ho le joalo, palo ea lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji le litaba tse khethehileng (mohlala, makaleng a khoebo, theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling, molao, saense le lipalo) ka puo ena e ntse e le nyane haholo.[26]

Sesotho se bile le boteng bo bonahalang mecheng ea litaba ho tloha ha ho fela khethollo ea morabe (apartheid). Lesedi FM ke seteishene sa seea-le-moea sa Sesotho se sebetsang lihora tse 24 ka letsatsi, se tsamaisoang ke South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), 'me se hasa ka Sesotho feela. Ho na le liteishene tse ling tsa seea-le-moea tsa libaka tse fapaneng Lesotho le profinseng ea Free State.[26] Litaba tsa Sesotho tse nkang halofo ea hora li hasoa letsatsi le letsatsi kanaleng ea SABC e sa lefelloeng ea SABC 2. Seteishene se ikemetseng sa thelevishene sa eTV le sona se hlahisa lenaneo la litaba tsa Sesotho la halofo ea hora letsatsi le letsatsi. SABC le sehlopha sa eTV li hlahisa mananeo a fapaneng a kenyelletsang lipuisano ka Sesotho.

Naheng ea Lesotho, Setsi sa Naha sa Phatlalatso sa Lesotho (Lesotho National Broadcasting Service) se hasetsa mananeo a sona Afrika Boroa ka tšebeletso ea satellite ea DStv.

Pampiri tse ngata tsa litaba Lesotho li ngoloa ka Sesotho kapa ka lipuo tse peli, e leng Sesotho le Senyesemane. Ha ho na lipampiri tse kholo tsa litaba tsa Afrika Boroa tse ngoloang ka botlalo ka Sesotho, haese likoranta tse nyane tsa libaka tse kang QwaQwa, Fouriesburg, Ficksburg, le mohlomong litoropo tse ling tsa Free State.[26]

Hajoale, makasine o tsebahalang oa Afrika Boroa o bitsoang Bona[30] o kenyelletsa litaba le lingoliloeng tsa Sesotho.[26] Ho tloha ha ho hlophisoa melao ea mongolo oa Sesotho, ho hlahisitsoe lingoliloeng tse ngata ka puo ena. Har'a lingoliloeng tse hlahelletseng tsa Sesotho ho na le buka e kholo ea Thomas Mofolo e bitsoang *Chaka*, e fetoleletsoeng lipuong tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa Senyesemane le Sejeremane.[31]

== Diaparo ==
Basotho ba apereng liaparo tsa setso
[[File:Basotho ba kgabile 08.jpg|thumb|Basotho ba kgabile ka meaparo ya bona]]

Basotho ba na le liaparo tsa setso tse ikhethang. Tsena li kenyelletsa *mokorotlo*, e leng katiba e bōpehileng joaloka cone e nang le ntlha e khabisitsoeng ka holimo, 'me e aparoa ka litsela tse fapaneng ke banna le basali. Kobo ea Basotho hangata e aparoa mahetleng kapa lethekeng 'me e sireletsa motho ea e apereng serameng. Leha batho ba bangata ba Basotho ba apara liaparo tsa sejoale-joale (tse kang tsa Bophirimela), hangata ba boetse ba apara liaparo tsa setso holim'a tsona.&lt;ref&gt;https://helplesotho.org/traditional-basotho-dress/&lt;/ref&gt;


== Libuka ==
* Histori ea Basotho, Karolo ea Pele
* Ellenberger, DF. (1911) ''History ea Basotho: Tsa tsepe le ho qala ha tsoelo-pele'', Leselinyana.
* Ellenberger, DF. (1912) ''[https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AHistory_of_the_Basuto%2C_Ancient_and_Modern_WDL3269.pdf&amp;page=1 History of the Basuto: Ancient and Modern]''.
* Ellenberger, DF. (1917) ''Histori ea Basotho, Karolo I: Mehla ea Boholo-holo. Morija: Morija Sesuto Book Depot.

[[Category:Basotho]]</text>
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        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
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      <text bytes="3989" sha1="4m03tcug6gvhs2mn3n0m86l13f9au9z" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Graham Maclachlan - 2012-01-15 Wepener Ride.jpg|thumb|Motse wa Wepener]]
'''Wepener''' ke motse wa [[Masepala sa Mohokare|Masepala wa Mohokare]], la profense ya [[Foreistata]] naheng ya [[Afrika Borwa]].E hlokomelehile haholo ka boloi.

== Nalane ==
Toropo ena e reheletswe ka Louw Wepener, moetapele wa Ma-Boer ntweng ya bona kgahlanong le morena wa  Basotho, Moshoeshoe I, ka selemonsa  1865. E thehiloe ka selemo sa  1867 mabopong a Jammersbergspruit, e leng noka e kenang Nokeng ya Mohakare.[4]: 352  Thaba ya Jammerberg (e tsejwang hape e le Thaba ya Masoabi) e eme ka boholo ba eona ka hodida motse ona. Louw Wepener o ile a bolawa ka la 15 Phato 1865 ha a ntse a leka ho hlasela le ho hapa qhobosheane ya Moshoeshoe ea Thaba Bosiu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://repository.up.ac.za/items/bcffeed2-9817-4019-81c5-2ad7f2365edb&lt;/ref&gt; E enngwe ya likolo tsa sebaka seo le yona e reheletswe ka yena.
[[File:WEPENER TOWNSHIP STREETS 03.jpg|thumb|Ditsela ka hara motse wa Wepener]]
Wepener e ne e le motse o ka boroa ho feta metse e meng e mengata e ileng ea theoa ke baahi ba Free State libakeng tse ileng tsa haptjoa ntoeng, e le mokhoa oa ho thibela Basotho ho khutlela le ho lula hape naheng eo ba neng ba e amohuoe nakong ea ntoa ea 1865. Phutheho ea kereke ea Dutch Reformed e ile ea theoa ka 1870, 'me toropo ea fuoa boto ea eona ea pele ea tsamaiso ka 1875. Kereke e ntle ea Dutch Reformed, e hahiloeng ka majoe a mofuta oa *sandstone*, e ile ea raloa ke moqapi oa meaho ea tsoang Wales. Moralo oa kereke o ne o bontša setso sa habo moqapi eo – kaha masiba a Khosana ea Wales (Prince of Wales) a khabisitse tlhōrō ea tora ea kereke.

Nakong ea Ntoa ea Anglo-Boer, sesole sa bokolone sa Brithani le Afrika Boroa se neng se na le banna ba 2,000 tlas’a taolo ea Colonel Edmund Dalgety se ile sa thibelloa ke mabotho a Boers a neng a eteletsoe pele ke General Christiaan de Wet sebakeng sa Jammers Drift, Nokeng ea Caledon. Thibello eo e ile ea nka matsatsi a 17, ho fihlela ha ho fihla mabotho a thuso ka la 25 Mmesa 1900 ho tla qeta ntoa ka katleho bakeng sa Brithani.[3]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sebaka sa Wepener e ne e le lebala la lintoa tse ngata, litlhaselo le likhohlano nakong ea lekholo la bo-19 la lilemo. Mabitla a mangata, ao boholo ba ’ona a sa tsejoeng hore ke a bo-mang, a ntse a le teng e le mehopolo ea liketsahalo tse ileng tsa etsahala phuleng ea Jammerbergspruit nakong ena ea moferefere.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Kajeno toropo ena ke setsi sa khoebo bakeng sa setereke se nang le sebaka sa 1,725 ​​km2 moo ho etsoang mefuta e fapaneng ya temo le borui. Mesebetsi ya temo le borui e kenyelletsa ho rua dikgomo le dinku, ho rua dikgomo tsa lebese, hammoho le ho lema koro le poone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Louw Wepener bust and commerations 01.jpg|thumb|Holo ya motse e tjheleng ka selemo sa 2022]]
Ho na le hotele e le nngwe Wepener, e leng Lord Fraser's Guest House. Sebaka sa Lord Fraser's e ne e le ntlo eo Lord Ian Fraser wa Lonsdale a neng a e sebedisa nakong ya lehlabula. E ne e le modulasetulo wa boto ya k'hamphani e neng e le matla haholo ya thekiso ya thepa, e leng Frasers, e neng e sebetsa Lesotho. Fleetwood Country Inn e fumaneha sebakeng se ka bang dikilomitara tse 8 (kapa dik'hilomithara tse ka bang 5 ho ya ka tekanyo ya 'miles') ho tswa toropong. Ho na le dibaka tsa boithabiso matamong a haufi a Knelpoort le Welbedacht.

Ka selemo sa 2017, holo ya motse le diofisi tsa mmasepala di ile tsa tjha ke mollo. Sesosa le hore ke mang, ha ho tjejwe, fela monna o ile a tshwarwa ka ketso ena mme a hlahella lekgotleng.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ofm.co.za/article/local-news/248964/wepener-city-hall-fire-probably-caused-by-electrical-fault&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bloemfonteincourant.co.za/wepener-arson-suspect-court/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Seemahale sa Wepener ==
Seemahale sa Wepener, eo toropo e rehelletsweng ka yena sefumaneha ka pele ho holo ya motse eo e tjheleng ka selemo sa 2017.
* Tulo: 36.3 km²
* Baahi: 1,281 (20

== Mehlodi ==
{{Xhariep DM}}
&lt;br/&gt;
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      <id>41822</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-09T21:40:42Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
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      <comment>/* Nalane */</comment>
      <origin>41822</origin>
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      <text bytes="3976" sha1="dnzsb3fpz1t9gljwu2flqnjl2jdfcvq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Graham Maclachlan - 2012-01-15 Wepener Ride.jpg|thumb|Motse wa Wepener]]
'''Wepener''' ke motse wa [[Masepala sa Mohokare|Masepala wa Mohokare]], la profense ya [[Foreistata]] naheng ya [[Afrika Borwa]].E hlokomelehile haholo ka boloi.

== Nalane ==
Toropo ena e reheletswe ka Louw Wepener, moetapele wa Ma-Boer ntweng ya bona kgahlanong le morena wa  Basotho, Moshoeshoe I, ka selemonsa  1865. E thehiloe ka selemo sa  1867 mabopong a Jammersbergspruit, e leng noka e kenang Nokeng ya Mohakare. Thaba ya Jammerberg (e tsejwang hape e le Thaba ya Maswabi) e eme ka boholo ba eona ka hodida motse ona. Louw Wepener o ile a bolawa ka la 15 Phato 1865 ha a ntse a leka ho hlasela le ho hapa qhobosheane ya Moshoeshoe ya Thaba Bosiu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://repository.up.ac.za/items/bcffeed2-9817-4019-81c5-2ad7f2365edb&lt;/ref&gt; E enngwe ya likolo tsa sebaka seo le yona e reheletswe ka yena.
[[File:WEPENER TOWNSHIP STREETS 03.jpg|thumb|Ditsela ka hara motse wa Wepener]]
Wepener e ne e le motse o ka boroa ho feta metse e meng e mengata e ileng ea theoa ke baahi ba Free State libakeng tse ileng tsa haptjoa ntoeng, e le mokhoa oa ho thibela Basotho ho khutlela le ho lula hape naheng eo ba neng ba e amohuoe nakong ea ntoa ea 1865. Phutheho ea kereke ea Dutch Reformed e ile ea theoa ka 1870, 'me toropo ea fuoa boto ea eona ea pele ea tsamaiso ka 1875. Kereke e ntle ea Dutch Reformed, e hahiloeng ka majoe a mofuta oa *sandstone*, e ile ea raloa ke moqapi oa meaho ea tsoang Wales. Moralo oa kereke o ne o bontša setso sa habo moqapi eo – kaha masiba a Khosana ea Wales (Prince of Wales) a khabisitse tlhōrō ea tora ea kereke.

Nakong ea Ntoa ea Anglo-Boer, sesole sa bokolone sa Brithani le Afrika Boroa se neng se na le banna ba 2,000 tlas’a taolo ea Colonel Edmund Dalgety se ile sa thibelloa ke mabotho a Boers a neng a eteletsoe pele ke General Christiaan de Wet sebakeng sa Jammers Drift, Nokeng ea Caledon. Thibello eo e ile ea nka matsatsi a 17, ho fihlela ha ho fihla mabotho a thuso ka la 25 Mmesa 1900 ho tla qeta ntoa ka katleho bakeng sa Brithani.[3]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sebaka sa Wepener e ne e le lebala la lintoa tse ngata, litlhaselo le likhohlano nakong ea lekholo la bo-19 la lilemo. Mabitla a mangata, ao boholo ba ’ona a sa tsejoeng hore ke a bo-mang, a ntse a le teng e le mehopolo ea liketsahalo tse ileng tsa etsahala phuleng ea Jammerbergspruit nakong ena ea moferefere.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Kajeno toropo ena ke setsi sa khoebo bakeng sa setereke se nang le sebaka sa 1,725 ​​km2 moo ho etsoang mefuta e fapaneng ya temo le borui. Mesebetsi ya temo le borui e kenyelletsa ho rua dikgomo le dinku, ho rua dikgomo tsa lebese, hammoho le ho lema koro le poone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Louw Wepener bust and commerations 01.jpg|thumb|Holo ya motse e tjheleng ka selemo sa 2022]]
Ho na le hotele e le nngwe Wepener, e leng Lord Fraser's Guest House. Sebaka sa Lord Fraser's e ne e le ntlo eo Lord Ian Fraser wa Lonsdale a neng a e sebedisa nakong ya lehlabula. E ne e le modulasetulo wa boto ya k'hamphani e neng e le matla haholo ya thekiso ya thepa, e leng Frasers, e neng e sebetsa Lesotho. Fleetwood Country Inn e fumaneha sebakeng se ka bang dikilomitara tse 8 (kapa dik'hilomithara tse ka bang 5 ho ya ka tekanyo ya 'miles') ho tswa toropong. Ho na le dibaka tsa boithabiso matamong a haufi a Knelpoort le Welbedacht.

Ka selemo sa 2017, holo ya motse le diofisi tsa mmasepala di ile tsa tjha ke mollo. Sesosa le hore ke mang, ha ho tjejwe, fela monna o ile a tshwarwa ka ketso ena mme a hlahella lekgotleng.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ofm.co.za/article/local-news/248964/wepener-city-hall-fire-probably-caused-by-electrical-fault&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bloemfonteincourant.co.za/wepener-arson-suspect-court/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Seemahale sa Wepener ==
Seemahale sa Wepener, eo toropo e rehelletsweng ka yena sefumaneha ka pele ho holo ya motse eo e tjheleng ka selemo sa 2017.
* Tulo: 36.3 km²
* Baahi: 1,281 (20

== Mehlodi ==
{{Xhariep DM}}
&lt;br/&gt;
{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>dnzsb3fpz1t9gljwu2flqnjl2jdfcvq</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Winnie Khumalo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9633</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41836</id>
      <parentid>38336</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T22:08:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke lokisa diphoso</comment>
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      <text bytes="3195" sha1="lg8mk1uvehnor4thpdl608pmekfuojo" xml:space="preserve">'''Winnie Khumalo''' (O hlahile  ka  di 20 Phupu 1973 -  a hlokahala ka di  7 Pherekgong 2025) e ne e le sebini sa Afrika Borwa sa mmino wa  [[Kwaito]] le  wa Afropop, ke sebapadi  sa dikalaneng le sebuhudi  sa thelevishene. O ne a tsebahala e le e mong oa bataki kapa moqapi  wa mmino ba atlehileng ka ho fetisisa naheng eo le ka tshebedisano ea hae le baqapi ba bang ba Afrika Borwa ho kenyeletswa [[Brenda Fassie]]. E ne e le ele motswadi wa [[Rethabile Khumalo]], a a  latela mme wa  hae mminong  o atlehileng indastering ya mmino ya Afrika Borwa.

== Bophelo le mosebetsi ==

Winnie Khumalo o hlahile ka la 20 Phupu selemong sa 1973, a hlahela motseng wa Soweto.  O hodisitswe ke nkgono wa hae, One a kena Sekolong sa Sekolo sa Phahameng sa Mncube. O qadile hoba sebini  a le dilemo di 13 dilemong tsa bo-1980, mme o ne a tla hlaha khafetsa thelevisheneng ya  Afrika Borwa.  Khumalo o ile a hlaisa pokeletso  ya  pele, ''Hey Laaitie'' a le dilemo di 15.  Mathwasong a mosebetsi wa hae o ile a sebedisana mmoho le dinaledi tse kgolo ka ho fetisisa tsa mmino Afrika Borwa, ho kentswe bo  Brenda Fassie, [[Sello Chicco Twala]], Brothers of Peace, [[Bongo Maffin]] le [[DJ Cleo]].   Ntle le mosebetsi wa hae wa  hoba sebini, Khumalo o ile a hlaha letotong la thelevishene la SABC 'Movhango' le 'Mponeng'. 

Ka mora hore a nke nako e itseng mosebetsing wa hae wa mmino hore  alo  hodisa bana ba hae, Khumalo o ile a kgutlela indasetering ya mmino. Ka 2008, o ile a ntsha albamo ya hae e ileng ya atleha ka ho fetisisa, I Just Wanna Live My Life le Kalawa Jazmee Records. Album(Pokello) e ile ya  netefatswa e le kgauta. &quot;Live My Life&quot;, pina ya sehlooho ya  pokello e ile ba  ntho ya  mantlha mminong  wa  Afrika Borwa.

Ka selemo sa 2010, Khumalo o ile a fumanwa a ena le maqeba a mpeng (di-ulcer) ka mora hore awe ha a ntse a etsa pontsho. Ka  selemo sa 2013, o qetile nako e fetang kgwedi a le sepetlele a ntse a fola maqebeng a mpeng a neng a kgutla-kgutla, hoo a ileng a emisa mosebetsi wa hae wa mmino.O ile a tswela pele ho ba le mathata a mangata a bophelo bo botle bophelo ba hae bohle, ho kenyeletsa le maqeba a mpeng a pheta-phetang, bohloko ba sefuba le ho idibala.Leha ho le jwalo, Khumalo o ile a tswela pele ka mosebetsi wa hae o moholo, a ntsha di-album tsa Woman le Higher and Higher ka 2013.

Ka selemo sa 2014, Khumalo o ile a tloha ho Kawala Records, kamora ho qeta boholo ba mosebetsi wa hae a le khampaning eo. Hamorao o ile a theha khamphani ya hae ya rekoto e bitsuwang WinnKay Music Records &amp; Management, mme a kgutlela ho ntshetseng mmino kantle. Khumalo e ne e le mmuelli ya matla wa tswelopele indastering ya mmino ya Afrika Borwa, a rutella ntlafatso ya maemo bakeng sa baetsi ba bonono ba bina le ho tantsha. O ne a dula a kopa hore ho be le boqapi bo boholo lebaleng la mmino, hammoho le tshehetso e ngata ho tswa ho mmuso, le bonngwe hara baetsi ba bonono ba basadi.

Ka selemo sa 2019, o ile a lokolla iXesha, le fetoletsweng e le &quot;nako&quot; ka puo ya Xhosa. Alebamo ena e ne e tshwaya dilemo tse 31 indastering ya mmino. O ile a tswela pele ho hlahisa mmino leha bophelo ba hae bo ntse bo mpefala, a lokolla Intliziyo EP le Noluthando ka selemo sa 2021.

==Mehlodi==</text>
      <sha1>lg8mk1uvehnor4thpdl608pmekfuojo</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>QwaQwa National Park</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11014</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41831</id>
      <parentid>41633</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T21:59:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Boemo ba leholimo */</comment>
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      <text bytes="6810" sha1="045cpk2t998e1osmtvvt0bmgzri8tee" xml:space="preserve">Serapa sa setjhaba sa QwaQwa ke karolo ya serapa sa setjhaba sa Golden Gate Highlands le serapa sa Maloti-Drakensberg, mme se akaretsa sebaka seo pele e neng e le 'Homeland' (kapa Bantustan) ya QwaQwa. Se bohole ba dikhilomithara tse ka bang 60 ho tloha Harrismith tseleng ya Golden Gate (R712), mme e ne e le karolo ya bohlokwa ya tsela ya bohahlaudi ya Highlands Treasure Route.

== Nalane ==
Sebaka sa Phaka ya setjhaba ya QwaQwa ke lehae la nalane la batho ba Bakoena le Batlokoa. QwaQwa e ile ya thehwa e le phaka ka 1992 nakong ya phetoho ya Afrika Borwa ho ya pusong ya demokrasi. Sepheo sa ho theha phaka ena e ne e le ho kenya letsoho ha setjhaba sa sebaka seo mererong ya naha. Phaka ena e ile ya kgutlisetswa profinseng ya Free State ka 1994. Mokgatlo wa South African Development Trust (SADT) o ne o se o rekile mobu o mong hape ka leboya le ka leboya-bophirima ho QwaQwa ka 1984 ho fokotsa ho teteana ha batho sebakeng seo.

Serapa sa setjhaba sa QwaQwa se ne se laolwa ke Highlands Development Corporation (HDC) e leng mokgatlo wa kgwebo wa mmuso. HDC e ne e etelletse pele morero o kenyelletsang Agrico, e leng khamphane enngwe e laolwang ke mmuso, e ililya nka taolo ya Phaka ya Sechaba ya Qwaqwa ka 1995. Kaha sebaka seo sa polasi se ne se le sebakeng seo pele e neng e le Bantustan, basebetsi ba temo ba ile ba sala moo ha phaka e thehwa. Baahi ba ile ba hanyetsa boiteko ba batsamaisi ba phaka ba ho fokotsa palo ya diphoofolo tsa bona le ho ba fallisetsa dibakeng tse ka ntle ho meedi ya phaka. Bongata ba baahi ba QwaQwa e ne e le ditloholo tsa basebetsi ba dipolasi tse neng di le matsohong a batho ba basweu pele naha eo e rekwa ke SADT. Qabang pakeng tsa batsamaisi ba Phaka le baahi e ile ya hlaha ha ho ne ho sa ananelwe ka molao ,bohlokwa ba setso le moruo wa naha eo baahi ba neng ba dula ho yona. Ho hanyetsa ha bona ho ne ho bo etse ho amana le dibaka tse fapaneng tsa mabitla a baholo-holo ho baahi ba neng ba hana ho a fallisa. Qetellong, ha palo ya diphoofolo tse hlaha e ntse e eketseha, batsamaisi ba Phaka ba ile ba atleha ho fokotsa palo ya diphoofolo tsa lapeng ho isa ho tse 15 (tse kang dikhomo) ka lelapa e le mokgwa wa ho laola khoholeho ya mobu le mathata a mang a tikoloho. Baahi ba ile ba boela ba kopuwa ho fokotsa tšhebediso ya metsi le ho kga dimela tsa meriana tsa sebaka seo. Kaha phaka e ne e boetse e le sebaka sa projeke ya Rand Water e neng e hira baahi ba bangata, baahi ba ile ba ba le likgokano le batsamaisi ba Phaka eo ya QwaQwa. Qetellong, baahi ba bang ba ile ba etsa qeto ya ho isa dikgomo tsa bona ho fula naheng eo batho ba batšho ba ileng ba fuwa mobu tlasa lenane la phetoho ya kabo ya mobu. Leha ho le jwalo, baahi ba bangata ba ntse ba tswela pele ho alosa dikhomo tsa bona ka hare ho Phaka.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030619/http://faculty.bemidjistate.edu/mlawrence/Slater.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

== Boemo ba lehodimo ==
Sebaka sena se sebakeng se nang le pula ka lehlabula ,se nang le dipula le sefefo sa lehadima pakeng tsa Pudungwana le Mmesa. Lehlabula le futhumetse mme morjheso wa lona o ka ba ka karolelano ho 26 °C. &amp;nbsp;Mariha, ho tloha ka Motsheanong ho ya ho Lwetse, ho o mme ebile  ho a bata, mme' motjheso wa aona o theohela ho 13 °C (55 °F). &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Lehlwa le leholo le atile sebakeng sena dikgweding tsa mariha, mme lehlwa le ka etsahala bohareng ba mariha ka lebaka la bophahamo. 

== Dimela ==
. Serapa sena se sebakeng sa Highveld, hara dithaba tse phahameng tsa Lesotho le  le ka Afrika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20181003210338/http://wiki.sabirding.co.za/Print.aspx?Page=Qwa-Qwa&amp;AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1&lt;/ref&gt; Dimela tsa sona ke tsa mofuta o fumanehang dibakeng tsa makgulo a maholo (grassland biome). &lt;ref&gt;https://pza.sanbi.org/vegetation/grassland-biome&lt;/ref&gt;Mefuta e mengata ya dimela tse fumanehang dibakeng tsena ke ya moo Afrika Borwa feela. Sebaka sena se tletse ka mefuta e fapaneng ya dimela tse hlahang haholo nakong ya selemo le hwetla. Mafuledi a maholo a sebaka sena a tletse ka dimela tsa lehae tse kang *watsonia*, *gladioli*, *arum lilies* le *scilla*.&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Celtis_africana,_Phalandingwe.jpg|Sefate sa Modutu
File:Wild-Olive-leaves.gif|Wild Olive leaves
File:Giant_Henkels_Yellowwood_tree_-_South_Africa.JPG|Mophosho 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Diphoofolo tse hlaha ==
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ya diphoofolo tse nyalisang diphoofolo tse fumanwang sebakeng sena sa polokelo, e leng, Springbok, Burchell's zebra, Eland, Black Wildebeest, Blesbok le Red Hartebeest. Bophelo ba dinonyana bo fapane ka ho lekana, mme serapa sena ke sebaka sa ho ikatisa sa Cape Vulture e kotsing ya ho fela. Ho phaella moo, ho na le mefuta e mengata ya dikokonyana le dikokwanyana.

=== Tse nyantshwang ===
Tse antshang tse sebakeng seo li kenyelletsa:&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Springbok_(3691769258).jpg|Springbok
File:Blesbok.jpg|Blesbuck 
File:2012-red-hartebeest.jpg|Red Hartebees 
File:Black-wildebeest-aka-gnu.jpg|Nare e Ntsho     	
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Dinonyana ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Cape_Vulture,_Gyps_coprotheres_at_Kruger_National_Park_(13911811003).jpg|Letlaka la Kapa
File:Martial_Eagle_(Polemaetus_bellicosus)_juvenile_(17328130702).jpg|Phakwe
File:Secretary_Bird_(Sagittarius_serpentarius).jpg|Mmamolangwana 
File:Ostrich_(Common_Ostrich),_Struthio_camelus_at_Marakele_National_Park,_South_Africa_(14158279025).jpg|Ntjhwe
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Mesebetsi ==
Serapa sena se fana ka ho shebella dinonyana, maeto a ho bapala, ho palama dipere ka tataiso le tsela ya ho hlwa thaba ka matsatsi a mabedi e bo lelele ba dik'hilomitara tse 27. Ho boetse ho na le leeto la ho etela Motse wa Setso sa Basotho.

=== Basotho Cultural Village ===
Motse wa Setso wa Basotho o fa baeti monyetla wa ho bona le ho utlwisisa setso le nalane ya Basotho ba Afrika  Borwa, ho kenyeletswa le tsela eo malapa a neng a hlophisitswe ka yona ha mmoho le moelelo wa diaparo tsa setso. Matlo a setso sa mehleng ya dilemo tsa bo-1700 a se a ahilwe hape mme a fumaneha sebakeng sena.

== Bona hape ==

* [[Basotho|Batho ba Basotho]]
* [[Phetoho ya naha Afrika Borwa|Phetoho ea naha Afrika Boroa]]
* Letamo la Sterkfontein
* [[Clarens, Afrika Borwa|Clarens, Naha e Lokolohileng]]
* [[Bethlehema, Afrika Borwa|Bethlehema]]

== Ditokomane ==
Serapa sena se tla kenngoa Serapeng sa Kgotso sa Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation Area.

{{Coord|28|29|20|S|28|44|37|E|display=title}}

== Dihokela tsa kantle ==

* http://www.saexplorer.co.za/south-africa/map/Olifantshoek_map.asp
* http://www.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/website/articledocs/NC%20palaeotechnical%20report.pdf

== Bona hape ==
Lefapha la Nts'etsopele ea Moruo, Bohahlauli le Litaba tsa Tikoloho, Province Free State. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009182812/http://www.detea.fs.gov.za/qwa-qwa.htm webpage] Archived 2011-10-09 at the Wayback Machine

== Ditlhaloso ==</text>
      <sha1>045cpk2t998e1osmtvvt0bmgzri8tee</sha1>
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      <id>41832</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-09T22:00:13Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dimela */</comment>
      <origin>41832</origin>
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      <text bytes="6808" sha1="qbqv1xiz7anupnb3w1sdxzrpeip520v" xml:space="preserve">Serapa sa setjhaba sa QwaQwa ke karolo ya serapa sa setjhaba sa Golden Gate Highlands le serapa sa Maloti-Drakensberg, mme se akaretsa sebaka seo pele e neng e le 'Homeland' (kapa Bantustan) ya QwaQwa. Se bohole ba dikhilomithara tse ka bang 60 ho tloha Harrismith tseleng ya Golden Gate (R712), mme e ne e le karolo ya bohlokwa ya tsela ya bohahlaudi ya Highlands Treasure Route.

== Nalane ==
Sebaka sa Phaka ya setjhaba ya QwaQwa ke lehae la nalane la batho ba Bakoena le Batlokoa. QwaQwa e ile ya thehwa e le phaka ka 1992 nakong ya phetoho ya Afrika Borwa ho ya pusong ya demokrasi. Sepheo sa ho theha phaka ena e ne e le ho kenya letsoho ha setjhaba sa sebaka seo mererong ya naha. Phaka ena e ile ya kgutlisetswa profinseng ya Free State ka 1994. Mokgatlo wa South African Development Trust (SADT) o ne o se o rekile mobu o mong hape ka leboya le ka leboya-bophirima ho QwaQwa ka 1984 ho fokotsa ho teteana ha batho sebakeng seo.

Serapa sa setjhaba sa QwaQwa se ne se laolwa ke Highlands Development Corporation (HDC) e leng mokgatlo wa kgwebo wa mmuso. HDC e ne e etelletse pele morero o kenyelletsang Agrico, e leng khamphane enngwe e laolwang ke mmuso, e ililya nka taolo ya Phaka ya Sechaba ya Qwaqwa ka 1995. Kaha sebaka seo sa polasi se ne se le sebakeng seo pele e neng e le Bantustan, basebetsi ba temo ba ile ba sala moo ha phaka e thehwa. Baahi ba ile ba hanyetsa boiteko ba batsamaisi ba phaka ba ho fokotsa palo ya diphoofolo tsa bona le ho ba fallisetsa dibakeng tse ka ntle ho meedi ya phaka. Bongata ba baahi ba QwaQwa e ne e le ditloholo tsa basebetsi ba dipolasi tse neng di le matsohong a batho ba basweu pele naha eo e rekwa ke SADT. Qabang pakeng tsa batsamaisi ba Phaka le baahi e ile ya hlaha ha ho ne ho sa ananelwe ka molao ,bohlokwa ba setso le moruo wa naha eo baahi ba neng ba dula ho yona. Ho hanyetsa ha bona ho ne ho bo etse ho amana le dibaka tse fapaneng tsa mabitla a baholo-holo ho baahi ba neng ba hana ho a fallisa. Qetellong, ha palo ya diphoofolo tse hlaha e ntse e eketseha, batsamaisi ba Phaka ba ile ba atleha ho fokotsa palo ya diphoofolo tsa lapeng ho isa ho tse 15 (tse kang dikhomo) ka lelapa e le mokgwa wa ho laola khoholeho ya mobu le mathata a mang a tikoloho. Baahi ba ile ba boela ba kopuwa ho fokotsa tšhebediso ya metsi le ho kga dimela tsa meriana tsa sebaka seo. Kaha phaka e ne e boetse e le sebaka sa projeke ya Rand Water e neng e hira baahi ba bangata, baahi ba ile ba ba le likgokano le batsamaisi ba Phaka eo ya QwaQwa. Qetellong, baahi ba bang ba ile ba etsa qeto ya ho isa dikgomo tsa bona ho fula naheng eo batho ba batšho ba ileng ba fuwa mobu tlasa lenane la phetoho ya kabo ya mobu. Leha ho le jwalo, baahi ba bangata ba ntse ba tswela pele ho alosa dikhomo tsa bona ka hare ho Phaka.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030619/http://faculty.bemidjistate.edu/mlawrence/Slater.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

== Boemo ba lehodimo ==
Sebaka sena se sebakeng se nang le pula ka lehlabula ,se nang le dipula le sefefo sa lehadima pakeng tsa Pudungwana le Mmesa. Lehlabula le futhumetse mme morjheso wa lona o ka ba ka karolelano ho 26 °C. &amp;nbsp;Mariha, ho tloha ka Motsheanong ho ya ho Lwetse, ho o mme ebile  ho a bata, mme' motjheso wa aona o theohela ho 13 °C (55 °F). &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Lehlwa le leholo le atile sebakeng sena dikgweding tsa mariha, mme lehlwa le ka etsahala bohareng ba mariha ka lebaka la bophahamo. 

== Dimela ==
Serapa sena se sebakeng sa Highveld, hara dithaba tse phahameng tsa Lesotho le  le ka Afrika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20181003210338/http://wiki.sabirding.co.za/Print.aspx?Page=Qwa-Qwa&amp;AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1&lt;/ref&gt; Dimela tsa sona ke tsa mofuta o fumanehang dibakeng tsa makgulo a maholo (grassland biome). &lt;ref&gt;https://pza.sanbi.org/vegetation/grassland-biome&lt;/ref&gt;Mefuta e mengata ya dimela tse fumanehang dibakeng tsena ke ya moo Afrika Borwa feela. Sebaka sena se tletse ka mefuta e fapaneng ya dimela tse hlahang haholo nakong ya selemo le hwetla. Mafuledi a maholo a sebaka sena a tletse ka dimela tsa lehae tse kang *watsonia*, *gladioli*, *arum lilies* le *scilla*.&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Celtis_africana,_Phalandingwe.jpg|Sefate sa Modutu
File:Wild-Olive-leaves.gif|Wild Olive leaves
File:Giant_Henkels_Yellowwood_tree_-_South_Africa.JPG|Mophosho 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Diphoofolo tse hlaha ==
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ya diphoofolo tse nyalisang diphoofolo tse fumanwang sebakeng sena sa polokelo, e leng, Springbok, Burchell's zebra, Eland, Black Wildebeest, Blesbok le Red Hartebeest. Bophelo ba dinonyana bo fapane ka ho lekana, mme serapa sena ke sebaka sa ho ikatisa sa Cape Vulture e kotsing ya ho fela. Ho phaella moo, ho na le mefuta e mengata ya dikokonyana le dikokwanyana.

=== Tse nyantshwang ===
Tse antshang tse sebakeng seo li kenyelletsa:&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Springbok_(3691769258).jpg|Springbok
File:Blesbok.jpg|Blesbuck 
File:2012-red-hartebeest.jpg|Red Hartebees 
File:Black-wildebeest-aka-gnu.jpg|Nare e Ntsho     	
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Dinonyana ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Cape_Vulture,_Gyps_coprotheres_at_Kruger_National_Park_(13911811003).jpg|Letlaka la Kapa
File:Martial_Eagle_(Polemaetus_bellicosus)_juvenile_(17328130702).jpg|Phakwe
File:Secretary_Bird_(Sagittarius_serpentarius).jpg|Mmamolangwana 
File:Ostrich_(Common_Ostrich),_Struthio_camelus_at_Marakele_National_Park,_South_Africa_(14158279025).jpg|Ntjhwe
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Mesebetsi ==
Serapa sena se fana ka ho shebella dinonyana, maeto a ho bapala, ho palama dipere ka tataiso le tsela ya ho hlwa thaba ka matsatsi a mabedi e bo lelele ba dik'hilomitara tse 27. Ho boetse ho na le leeto la ho etela Motse wa Setso sa Basotho.

=== Basotho Cultural Village ===
Motse wa Setso wa Basotho o fa baeti monyetla wa ho bona le ho utlwisisa setso le nalane ya Basotho ba Afrika  Borwa, ho kenyeletswa le tsela eo malapa a neng a hlophisitswe ka yona ha mmoho le moelelo wa diaparo tsa setso. Matlo a setso sa mehleng ya dilemo tsa bo-1700 a se a ahilwe hape mme a fumaneha sebakeng sena.

== Bona hape ==

* [[Basotho|Batho ba Basotho]]
* [[Phetoho ya naha Afrika Borwa|Phetoho ea naha Afrika Boroa]]
* Letamo la Sterkfontein
* [[Clarens, Afrika Borwa|Clarens, Naha e Lokolohileng]]
* [[Bethlehema, Afrika Borwa|Bethlehema]]

== Ditokomane ==
Serapa sena se tla kenngoa Serapeng sa Kgotso sa Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation Area.

{{Coord|28|29|20|S|28|44|37|E|display=title}}

== Dihokela tsa kantle ==

* http://www.saexplorer.co.za/south-africa/map/Olifantshoek_map.asp
* http://www.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/website/articledocs/NC%20palaeotechnical%20report.pdf

== Bona hape ==
Lefapha la Nts'etsopele ea Moruo, Bohahlauli le Litaba tsa Tikoloho, Province Free State. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009182812/http://www.detea.fs.gov.za/qwa-qwa.htm webpage] Archived 2011-10-09 at the Wayback Machine

== Ditlhaloso ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bantustan</title>
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[[File:South_Africa_&amp;_South_West_Africa_Bantustans_Map.svg|right|thumb|350x350px|'Mapa oa Afrika Boroa le Afrika Boroa-bophirimela (eo hona joale e leng Namibia). 'Mapa ona o bontša batho ba bantustan ba neng ba le libakeng tseo ka bobeli. 
&lt;br /&gt;'''Libaka tse sa keneng ka hara naha ea Bantustan'''{{Legend|#AEAEAE|South West Africa}}{{Legend|#8B8B8B|South Africa}}'''Libaka tsa Bantustan (Afrika Boroa-bophirimela) '''{{Legend|#FD4756|[[Kaokoland]]}}{{Legend|#609979|[[Ovamboland]]}}{{Legend|#4E4B0D|[[Damaraland]]}}{{Legend|#901B35|[[Kavangoland]]}}{{Legend|#09A7B4|[[East Caprivi]]}}{{Legend|#43D99A|[[Bushmanland (South West Africa)|Bushmanland]]}}{{Legend|#E4BC20|[[Hereroland]]}}{{Legend|#222560|[[Rehoboth (homeland)|Rehoboth]]}}{{Legend|#9B37F9|[[Tswanaland]]}}{{Legend|#8F6F68|[[Namaland]]}}'''Libaka tsa Bantustan (Aforika Boroa) '''{{Legend|#FB8072|[[KwaNdebele]]}}{{Legend|#B3DE69|[[Lebowa]]}}{{Legend|#FE951F|[[Gazankulu]]}}{{Legend|#FCCDE5|[[KaNgwane]]}}{{Legend|#80B1D3|[[KwaZulu]]}}{{Legend|#CCEBC5|[[QwaQwa]]}}'''Bantustans ea boemo ba lipopi'''{{Legend|#BC80BD|[[Bophuthatswana]]}}{{Legend|#FE85CE|[[Venda (Bantustan)|Venda]]}}{{Legend|#8AFE9D|[[Transkei]]}}{{Legend|#FED121|[[Ciskei]]}}]]
 
Bantustan (e neng e boetse e tsejoa e le lehae la batho ba batšo kapa naha ea batho ba batšo) e ne e le sebaka seo puso ea National Party ea Union of South Africa (1910–1961) le hamorao Republic of South Africa (1961–1994) e ileng ea se behela ka thoko bakeng sa baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa le South West Africa (eo hona joale e leng Namibia), e le karolo ea leano la eona la khethollo ea morabe (apartheid).&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bantustan&lt;/ref&gt;

Lereo lena, le ileng la qala ho sebelisoa mafelong a lilemo tsa bo-1940,[1] le entsoe ka ho kopanya lentsoe &quot;Bantu&quot; (le bolelang &quot;batho&quot; ka lipuo tse ling tsa Se-Bantu) le &quot;-stan&quot; (e leng karolo ea lentsoe e bolelang &quot;naha&quot; ka Se-Persian le lipuong tse ling tse susumetsoeng ke Se-Persian). Hamorao, le ile la nkoa e le lentsoe le nyelisang ke bahlahlobisisi ba bang ba mehopolo ea 'muso oa nako ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) mabapi le libaka tse bitsoang &quot;homelands&quot; (libaka tsa bolulo ba merabe e itseng). 'Muso oa Pretoria o ile oa theha libaka tse leshome tsa &quot;Bantustan&quot; Afrika Boroa, le tse ling tse leshome naheng ea haufi ea South West Africa (e neng e laoloa ke Afrika Boroa ka nako eo); sepheo e ne e le ho bokella litho tsa lihlopha tse itseng tsa merabe sebakeng se le seng, e le hore sebaka ka seng se be le batho ba morabe o le mong feela, e leng motheo oa ho theha linaha tse ikemetseng bakeng sa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa. Tlas'a Molao oa Boahi ba Libaka tsa Bolulo tsa Bantu (Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act) oa 1970, 'muso o ile oa hlakola boahi ba Afrika Boroa ba batho ba batšo, oa ba amoha litokelo tse fokolang tsa lipolotiki le tsa sechaba tseo ba neng ba ntse ba e-na le tsona Afrika Boroa, 'me oa ba phatlalatsa e le baahi ba libaka tsena tsa bolulo.

Mmuso oa Afrika Borwa o phatlaladitse hore di-bantustans tse nnè tsa Afrika Borwa di ne di ikemetse - Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei (tse bitswang &quot;Linaha tsa TBVC&quot;), empa phatlalatso ena ha ya ka ya e-ba ea ananeloa ke mabotho a kgahlanong le kgethollo ea merabe Afrika Borwa kapa ke mmuso ofe kapa ofe wa matjhaba. Ba bang ba Bantustans (joalo ka KwaZulu, Lebowa le [[QwaQwa]]) ba ile ba fuoa &quot;boipuso&quot; empa ha ho mohla ba ileng ba fuoa &quot;tokoloho&quot;. Afrika Boroa-bophirimela, Ovamboland, Kavangoland le East Caprivi di ile tsa phatlalatsoa e le dibaka tse ikemetseng, mme dinaha tse ding tse seng kae tse bonahalang e le tsa habo tsona ha lia ka tsa fusa boipuso. Molao-motheo wa nakwana o ile wa felisa Bantustans ka ho feletseng ka ho fediswa ha kgethollo ya merabe was Afrika Borwa ka selemo sa 1994.

== Pōpo ==
[[File:South_Africa_racial_map,_1979.gif|right|thumb|350x350px|Mmapa wa Afrika Borwa wa merabe le baahi o phatlalalitsoeng ke CIA ka selemo sa  1979 o nang le dintlha tse tsoang ho palo ya batho ya Afrika Borwa ya selemo sa ]]
Ho tloha ka selemo sa 1913, mebuso e latellanang ea Afrika Boroa e neng e busoa ke batho ba basoeu ba fokolang palo, e ile ea theha libaka tse khethehileng (tseo ho thoeng ke &quot;reserves&quot;) bakeng sa batho ba batšo e le ho ba arola ka morabe ho batho ba basoeu; sena se ne se tšoana le ho theoa ha libaka tse khethehileng tsa Matsoalloa a Amerika (Indian reservations) naheng ea United States. Molao oa Naha oa Matsoalloa (Natives Land Act) oa 1913 o ile oa lekanyetsa batho ba batšo ho ba le karolo ea 7 lekholong feela ea naha. Ka 1936, 'muso o ile oa rera ho eketsa karolo ena ho fihla ho 13.6 lekholong ea naha, empa ts'ebetso ea ho reka mobu e ile ea lieha 'me morero ona ha oa ka oa phethahatsoa ka botlalo.

Ha [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|Mokha oa Sechaba]] o fihla pusong ka 1948, Letona la Litaba tsa Baahi (le hamorao Letona-Kholo la Afrika Boroa) Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd o ile a haha ho tsoa ho sena, a hlahisa letoto la mehato ea &quot;ho khetholla batho ho tloha ho merabe e meng&quot; joalo ka Group Areas Acts le Natives Resettlement Act, 1954 e ileng ea fetola sechaba sa Afrika Boroa hore ba basoeu e be bongata ba baahi. Ho thehoa ha linaha tsa habo kapa li-bantustans e ne e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea leano lena, kaha sepheo sa nako e telele e ne e tla ba ho etsa hore li-bantustan li ikemele. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba batšo ba ne ba tla lahleheloa ke boahi ba bona ba Afrika Boroa le tokelo ea ho vouta, e leng se neng se tla lumella basoeu hore ba lule ba laola Afrika Boroa.

Lipampiri tsa litaba li rehile morero oa Mokha oa Nationalist lebitso la &quot;Bantustans&quot;. Lentsoe lena le kopaneng le fosahetse haholo ka litsela tse ngata. Le amana le karohano ea India—kamora hore Borithane ba tsamaee ka ho hloka boikemisetso, 'me e le e 'ngoe ea maemo a ts'ebetso eo—likarolong tse peli tse ikemetseng: Hindustan le Pakistan. Ha ho na papiso ea 'nete le litlhahiso tsa Mokha oa Nationalist, hobane (a) India le Pakistan ke linaha tse peli tse arohaneng ka botlalo le tse ikemetseng lipolotiking, (b) Mamosleme a na le litokelo tse lekanang India; Mahindu a na le litokelo tse lekanang Pakistan, (c) Karohano e ile ea hlahisoa le ho amoheloa ke mahlakore ka bobeli, kapa bonyane ke lihlopha tse kholo le tse nang le tšusumetso ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona. Merero ea 'Muso ha e rerelle ho arola naha ena likarolong tse ikemetseng le tse ipusang. Ha e rerelle ho fana ka litokelo tse lekanang, kapa litokelo tsa mofuta ofe kapa ofe, ho batho ba batšo ba lulang ka ntle ho libaka tse khethiloeng (li-reserve). Karohano ha ea ka ea amoheloa le ka mohla ke batho ba batšo, 'me e ke ke ea amoheloa le ka mohla. Ebile, ha ea ka ea hlahisoa kapa ea amoheloa ka botlalo ke batho ba basoeu. Ka hona, lentsoe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ke lebitso le fosahetseng ka botlalo, 'me le mpa le thusa feela Mokha oa Nationalist ho phethahatsa bolotsana.

: &lt;ref&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/homelands&lt;/ref&gt;Likoranta li ile tsa re morero oa Ba-Nationalist ke &quot;Bantustans&quot;. Ka litsela tse ngata lentsoe leo le khelosa haholo. E amana le ho aroloa ha India, ka mor'a ho tloha ha Brithani ka ho se tsotelle, le e le boemo ba eona, ho ba linaha tse peli tse arohaneng, Hindustan le Pakistan. Ha ho na ho tšoana ha sebele le litlhahiso tsa Machaba, kaha (a) India le Pakistan ke linaha tse peli tse ikemetseng ka ho feletseng le tse ikemetseng lipolotiking, (b) Mamosleme a thabela litokelo tse lekanang India; Mahindu a thabela litšoaneleho tse lekanang Pakistan, (c) Karohano e ile ea fanoa le ho amoheloa ke mekha ka bobeli, kapa bonyane likarolo tse ngata tse nang le tšusumetso ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Merero ea 'Muso ha e nahane ka ho arola naha ena ka linaha tse ikemetseng. Ha li na litokelo tse lekanang, kapa litokelo leha e le life, bakeng sa Maafrika a ka ntle ho libaka tsa polokelo. Ho arohana ha naha ha ho mohla ho kileng ha amoheloa ke Maafrika ebile ho ke ke ha e-ba joalo. Tabeng eo ha ho mohla e kileng ea fetisetsoa kapa ea amoheloa ke ba basoeu. Ka hona, lentsoe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ke lebitso le fosahetseng ka ho felletseng, mme le tloaetse feela ho thusa ba Bosetšhaba ho etsa bolotsana. 

Verwoerd o ile a pheha khang ea hore Mabantustans e ne e le &quot;malapeng a pele&quot; a batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa. Ka 1951, 'muso oa Daniel François Malan o ile oa hlahisa Molao oa Batho ba Banthu ho theha &quot;machaba&quot; a abetsoeng merabe e ntšo ea naha eo. Tsena li ne li lekana le 13% ea naha ea naha, 'me tse ling kaofela li ne li boloketsoe batho ba basoeu. Machaba a ne a busoa ke baeta-pele ba meloko ba sebelisanang, ha baeta-pe ba sa sebelisaneng ba ne ba tlosoa ka matla. Ha nako e ntse e ea, ho ile ha hlaha sehlopha se busang sa batho ba batšo se neng se thahasella ho sireletsa naha ea habo sona. Le hoja sena se ile sa thusa ho tsitsisa lipolotiki tsa linaha tsa habo bona ka tekanyo e itseng, boemo ba bona bo ne bo ntse bo itšetlehile ka ho feletseng ka tšehetso ea Afrika Boroa.&lt;ref&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/homelands&lt;/ref&gt;

Karolo ea libaka tsa batho ba batšo (tseo ho thoeng ke *homelands*) e ile ea atolosoa ka 1959 ka ho fetisoa ha Molao oa Puso ea Boipuso ba Batho ba Batšo (*Bantu Self-Government Act*), o ileng oa theha moralo o bitsoang &quot;Ntlafatso e Arohaneng&quot; (*Separate Development*). Sena se ile sa nolofalletsa libaka tsena ho itlhahisa ha nako e ntse e ea e le libaka tse ipusang, 'me qetellong e le linaha tse nkiloeng e le tse &quot;ikemetseng&quot; ka botlalo.

Ts'ebetso ena e ne e lokela ho finyelloa ka mehato e mene e meholo bakeng sa naha ka 'ngoe:

* Ho kopanya dibaka tsa polokelo tse behilweng ka thoko bakeng sa &quot;ditso&quot; tse sa tshwaneng (tse bitswang &quot;ditjhaba&quot; ka molao ho tloha ka selemo sa 1959) tlasa &quot;Bolaodi bo le bong ba Teritoriale&quot;
* Ho thehwa ha lekghotla la molao bakeng sa naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea habo e nang le matla a fokolang a ho ipusa
* Ho thehoa ha naha ya habo e le &quot;sebaka se ikemetseng&quot;
* Ho fana ka boipuso bo feletseng ba lebitso la naha ea habo

Ka kakaretso, ha ho mohla ho neng ho lateloa moralo ona ka tsela e hlakileng, empa hangata ho ne ho etswa mehato e mengata e bohareng le e fetang e le nngwwe.

Naha ya habo Transkei e ile ea sebetsa ka ditsela tse ngata e le &quot;sebaka sa teko&quot; bakeng sa maano a khethollo ea merabe; nts'etsopele ea eona ea mekhatlo e qalile pele ho molao wa selemo sa 1959, mme ka hona ho fihlella ha eona boipuso le boipuso ho ile ha kenngoa tshebetsong pele ho linaha tse ding tsa habo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/edited-volume/abs/pii/B9780444862419501020&lt;/ref&gt;

Morero ona o ile oa matlafatsoa tlas'a mohlahlami oa Verwoerd e le tonakholo, John Vorster, e le karolo ea mokhoa oa hae oa &quot;ho hlasimoloha&quot; oa khethollo ea morabe. Leha ho le joalo, sepheo sa 'nete sa leano lena e ne e le ho phethahatsa morero oa pele oa Verwoerd oa ho etsa hore batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa e be baahi ba linaha tsa habo bona ho fapana le ba Afrika Boroa - ka hona ho tlosa litokelo tse fokolang tseo ba neng ba ntse ba e-na le tsona e le baahi. Linaha tsa habo bona li ile tsa khothalletsoa ho khetha boipuso, kaha sena se ne se tla fokotsa palo ea baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa haholo. Ts'ebetso ea ho theha moralo oa molao oa morero ona e phethiloe ke Molao oa Boahi ba Linaha tsa Batho ba Batšo oa 1970, o ileng oa khetha Maafrika Boroa ohle a batšo e le baahi ba linaha tsa habo bona, leha ba ne ba lula &quot;Afrika Boroa e tšoeu&quot;, 'me oa hlakola boahi ba bona ba Afrika Boroa, le Molao oa Molao oa Motheo oa Linaha tsa Batho oa 1971, o faneng ka moralo o akaretsang oa mekhahlelo ea nts'etsopele ea molao oa motheo oa linaha tsohle tsa habo bona (ntle le Transkei) ho tloha ho thehoeng ha Bolaoli ba Libaka ho fihlela boipusong bo felletseng.

Ka selemo sa 1984, dinaha tsohle tse leshome tsa Afrika Boroa di ne di se li ikemetse mme tse mnè tsa tsona (Transkei, Boputhatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei) li ne li phatlalalitsoe ka botlalo pakeng tsa selemo sa  1976 le 1981.

Tafole e latelang e bontsha nako ya tswelo-pele ea litsi le ea molao ea Bantustans tse leshome tsa Afrika Boroa ho latela mehato e mene e ka hodimo e boletsweng:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!Naha ea habo
!Setjhaba/Sechaba
!Bolaoli ba tšimo&lt;br /&gt;
!Seboka sa Molao&lt;br /&gt;
!Boipuso&lt;br /&gt;
!Ho se ikarabelle ka lebitso&lt;br /&gt;
!Litokomane
|-
|Transkei
|Sesotho
|1956
|1963
|1963
|1976
|A forerunner of the Territorial Authority and the Legislative Assembly existed since 1931 under the name &quot;United Transkeian Territories General Council&quot;.[12]
|-
|Bophuthatswana
|Tswana
|1961
|1971
|1972
|1977
|The Territorial Authority established in 1961 was reorganised in 1968.[17]
|-
|Venda
|Venda
|1962
|1971
|1973
|1979
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[22]
|-
|Li-Ciskei
|Sesotho
|1961
|1971
|1972
|1981
|A forerunner of the Territorial Authority and the Legislative Assembly previously existed from 1934[27] to 1955[28] under the name &quot;Ciskeian General Council&quot;.The Territorial Authority established in 1961 was reorganised in 1968.[29]
|-
|Lebowa
|Northern Sotho (Pedi) 
|1962
|1971
|1972
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[33]
|-
|Gazankulu
|Tsonga (Shangane) 
|1962
|1971
|1973
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[38]
|-
|QwaQwa
|[[Basotho|Sotho e ka Boroa]]
|1969
|1971
|1974
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KwaZulu
|[[Mazulu|MaZulu]]
|1970
|1972
|1977
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KwaNdebele
|Ndebele
|1977
|1979
|1981
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KaNgwane
|Seswazi
|1976
|1977
|1984
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The homeland status was temporarily suspended between June and December 1982.[52]
|}
IKa nako e tšoanang le ho theoa ha libaka tsa batho ba batšo (tseo ho thoeng ke *homelands* kapa *Bantustans*), baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa ba ile ba qobelloa ho kenya letsoho lenaneong le leholo la ho fallisoa ka likhoka. Ho hakanngoa hore batho ba limilione tse 3.5 ba ile ba qobelloa ho tloha mahaeng a bona pakeng tsa lilemo tsa bo-1960 le bo-1980, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba ile ba isoa libakeng tsa *Bantustans*.&lt;ref&gt;https://southafrica-info.com/history/provinces-homelands-south-africa-1996/&lt;/ref&gt;

mMuso o ile wa hlakisa hore sepheo sa oona sa ho qetela e ne e le ho tlosa batho ba batsho Afrika Boroa ka ho feletseng. Connie Mulder, Letona la Dikamano le Ntsshetsopele ya Batho ba Bangata, o ile a bolella Ntlo ea Kopano ka la 7 Hlakola  1978:
 
Empa morero ona ha oa ka oa finyelloa. Ke karolo e nyane feela (e ka bang 39% ka 1986 ) ea baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa e neng e lula Bantustans; ba setseng ba ne ba lula Afrika Boroa ka boeona, ba bangata ba lula litoropo, litoropong tsa mahaeng le libakeng tse tlase tse ka ntle ho metse ea Afrika Boroa.

== Ho amoheloa ha machabeng ==
Libaka tsa Bantustan tse ka hare ho meeli ea Afrika Boroa li ne li khetholloa e le tse &quot;ipusang&quot; kapa tse &quot;ikemetseng&quot;. Ka khopolo, libaka tsa Bantustan tse ipusang li ne li e-na le taolo holim'a likarolo tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ea ka hare, empa li ne li e-so be lichaba tse ikemetseng ka botlalo. Libaka tsa Bantustan tse ikemetseng (e leng Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Ciskei; tse tsejoang hape e le linaha tsa TBVC) li ne li reretsoe ho ba tse ikemetseng ka botlalo. Leha ho le joalo, libaka tsena li ne li sa hlokomeloa haholo ke mebuso ea bokolone hammoho le mebuso ea hamorao ea Afrika Boroa, 'me li ne li ntse li sa tsoela pele ho hang. Boemo bona bo ile ba fokotsa haholo bokhoni ba linaha tsena ba ho ipusa, 'me ba etsa hore li itšetlehe haholo ka 'muso oa Afrika Boroa.

Ho pholletsa le boteng ba Ma-Bantustan a ikemetseng, Afrika Boroa e ile ea lula e le eona feela naha e ananelang boipuso ba bona. 'Muso oa Afrika Boroa o ile oa etsa boipiletso ba hore ba ananeloe. Ka 1976, ho isa qetong ea Ntlo ea Baemeli ea United States e khothalletsang Mopresidente hore a se ke a ananela Transkei, 'muso oa Afrika Boroa o ile oa etsa boipiletso bo matla ho baetsi ba molao ho hanyetsa molao ona.[1] Matšoao a mohala oa seea-le-moea a sa amoheloeng a ile a etsoa bakeng sa linaha tse ikemetseng 'me likarete tsa QSL li ile tsa romelloa ke basebetsi ba li sebelisang, empa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Lipuisano ha oa ka oa amohela liteishene tsena e le tse molaong.[2] Naha ka 'ngoe ea TBVC e ile ea atolosa kananelo ho Ma-Bantustan a mang a ikemetseng ha Afrika Boroa e bontša boitlamo ba eona khopolong ea boipuso ba TBVC ka ho haha ​​​​maemeli metseng e meholo ea TBVC.

== Bophelo ba Bantustans ==
Ka kakaretso, libaka tsa Bantustan li ne li futanehile 'me li e-na le menyetla e fokolang ea mesebetsi ea sebakeng seo.[1] Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho e-na le menyetla e meng ea tsoelo-pele bakeng sa batho ba batšo, hape ho ile ha e-ba le tsoelo-pele thutong le meralong ea motheo.[2] Libaka tse 'nè tsa Bantustan tse ileng tsa fumana boipuso ba lebitso feela (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Ciskei) li ile tsa hlakola melao eohle ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid).

Melao yaa Bantustans e ne e fapane le ya Afrika Boroa. Sehlopha sa Afrika Boroa se ne se atisa ho sebelisa meeli ena hampe, mohlala ka ho haha di-casino tse kholo, joalo ka Sun City naheng ea habo Bophuthatswana. 

yaBophuthatswana e ne e boetse e na le di-depositi tsa platinamo le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhaho, tse ileng tsa e etsa morui ka ho fetisisa ho Bantustans. 

== Lintho tse ileng tsa etsahala hamorao ==
Ka Pherekhong 1985, Mopresidente oa Naha P. W. Botha o ile a phatlalatsa hore batho ba batšo ba lulang ka hare ho naha ea Afrika Boroa ba ke ke ba hlola ba amohuoa boahi ba Afrika Boroa molemong oa boahi ba li-Bantustan, le hore baahi ba batšo ba lulang li-Bantustan tse ikemetseng ba ka etsa kopo hape ea ho fumana boahi ba Afrika Boroa; nakong ea likhetho tsa naha tsa 1987, F. W. de Klerk o ile a bua lebitsong la National Party a re: &quot;Boiteko bo bong le bo bong ba ho thibela phallo [ea basebetsi ba batšo] ba kenang libakeng tsa litoropo bo hlolehile. Ha ho na thuso ho iphetisa ka taba ena. Moruo o hloka hore bongata ba batho ba batšo bo lule ka ho sa feleng libakeng tsa litoropo... Ba ke ke ba lula Afrika Boroa selemo le selemo ba se na boemeli ba lipolotiki.&quot;[1] Ka Hlakubele 1990, de Klerk—ea ileng a hlahlama Botha joaloka Mopresidente oa Naha ka 1989—o ile a phatlalatsa hore mmuso oa hae o ke ke oa fana ka boipuso ho li-Bantustan tse ding hape.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.972mag.com/apartheid-bantustans-palestinian-statehood/&lt;/ref&gt;

Leha ho le jwalo, dipolelo tsena ha lia ka tsa bolelwa e le ho hana tsamaiso ea Bantustan ka kakaretso: sepheo sa puso ya kgethollo ea merabe nakong ea halofo ea bobeli ea bo-1980 e ne e le ho &quot;matlafatsa&quot; moralo oa mokhatlo wa khethollo ea morabe ha o ntse o siea melao-motheo ea oona ea motheo, ho kenyeletsoa le linaha tsa habo bona, e sa fetohe.

Mmuso o ile oa qobelloa ho amohela boteng bo sa feleng ba batho ba batšo libakeng tsa litoropo, hammoho le ho hlokomela hore mekhoa e neng e le matla haholo ea pele ea ho laola phallo ea batho (eo joale e ileng ea nkeloa sebaka ke mekhoa e bonolo haholoanyane) e ne e ke ke ea sebetsa; ho sa buuoa le ka taba ea hore ho ne ho ke ke ha khoneha ho falla le ho isa batho bohle ba batšo libakeng tse khethiloeng tsa merabe ea bona (li-&quot;homelands&quot;), esita le nakong e telele e tlang. Mmuso o ne o tšepile ho khutsisa baahi ba batšo ba litoropong ka ho rala meralo e fapaneng ea ho ba fa litokelo tse lekanyelitsoeng maemong a lehae (empa e seng maemong a holimo a puso). Ho feta moo, libaka tsa bolulo litoropong (le mahaeng) li ile tsa lula li arohantsoe ho latela morabe, ho ea ka Molao oa Libaka tsa Merabe (Group Areas Act).

Molao-motheo oa &quot;ntlafatso e arohaneng&quot; o ile oa tsoela pele ho sebetsa, 'me puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ea tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libaka tsa batho ba batšo (Bantustans) e le e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa mantlha tsa leano la eona la ho sebetsana le baahi ba batšo. Ho fihlela ka 1990, ho ile ha tsoelo-pele ho etsoa boiteko ba ho khothaletsa libaka tsena tse ipusang hore li nke qeto ea ho fumana boipuso (mohlala, Lebowa, Gazankulu le KwaZulu), 'me ka linako tse ling, mebuso ea libaka tsena tse ipusang (mohlala, KwaNdebele) ka boyona e ile ea bontša thahasello ea ho fumana boipuso nakong e tlang.

Ho ile ha boela ha nahanoa ka hara mekgatlo ea [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|Mokga wa Setjhaba]] o busang ho theha mekhatlo e eketsehileng e ikemetseng ea lebitso libakeng tsa litoropo ka mokhoa oa &quot;metse-motse&quot; e ikemetseng e ntsho.

Molao-motheo oa &quot;ntlafatso e arohaneng&quot; o ile oa tsoela pele ho sebetsa, 'me puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ea tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libaka tsa batho ba batsho (Bantustans) e le e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa mantlha tsa leano la eona la ho sebetsana le baahi ba batšo. Ho fihlela ka 1990, ho ile ha tsoelo-pele ho etsoa boiteko ba ho khothaletsa libaka tsena tse ipusang hore li nke qeto ea ho fumana boipuso (mohlala, Lebowa, Gazankulu le KwaZulu), 'me ka linako tse ling, mebuso ea libaka tsena tse ipusang (mohlala, KwaNdebele) ka boyona e ile ea bontša thahasello ea ho fumana boipuso nakong e tlang.

Ho tloha ka 1990 ho isa ho 1994, mehopolo ena ea &quot;mokhatlo oa linaha tse ikemetseng&quot; (confederation) e ne e ntse e tšehetsoa ka molao-motheo ke likarolo tse kholo tsa National Party (hammoho le mekha e meng le lihlopha tsa bahanyetsi ba basoeu ba nang le maikutlo a tokoloho), empa motheo oa eona o neng o thehiloe pepenene khethollong ea morabe o ile oa qala ho fela butle-butle nakong ea lipuisano tsa ho felisa apartheid, 'me tlhokomelo ea fetoha ho sireletseng &quot;litokelo tsa lihlopha tse nyane&quot; (haholo-holo baahi ba basoeu) ka mor'a hore ho lebelletsoe ho fetisetsoa ha matla ho bongata ba batho ba batšo. Merero ea tsamaiso ea federal (federalist plans) e ile ea boela ea fumana tšehetso ho mebuso le mekha e meng ea libaka tsa batho ba batšo (li-homeland), haholo-holo Inkatha Freedom Party, e neng e le mokha o busang KwaZulu. Empa kaha haholo-holo African National Congress e ile ea hlakisa hore melao-motheo ea &quot; motho a le mong - voutu e le 'ngoe&quot; le ea naha e kopaneng (unitary state) e ne e sa buisanoe ka eona, qetellong merero ea mofuta oa confederation e ile ea lahloa. Ka lebaka la sena, Inkatha Freedom Party e ile ea sokela ho hana ho nka karolo likhethong tsa naha tsa Mmesa 1994 tse ileng tsa felisa apartheid, 'me ea etsa qeto ea ho nka karolo motsotsong oa ho qetela feela ka mor'a hore ho etsoe litumellano tse ba khotsofatsang, hammoho le ho National Party e neng e ntse e busa le lihlopha tse 'maloa tsa bahanyetsi ba basoeu.[1]

Nakong e lebisitseng dikeethong tsa 1994, baetapele ba mmaloa linaheng tse ikemetseng le tse ikemetseng (mohlala Boputhatswana), ba neng ba sa batle ho tela matla a bona, ba ile ba hanyetsa ka matla ho qhaqhoa ha Bantustans mme, ka ho etsa joalo, ba fumana tšehetso ho tsoa mekhatlong e tšoeu ea ho loka, likarolo tsa sesole sa naha sa apartheid le lihlopha tse matla tsa pro-apartheid tse kang Afrikaner Weerstands movement.

== Ho qhibiliha ==
Ka ho oa ha puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) Afrika Boroa ka 1994, libaka tsohle tsa Bantustan (e leng tse neng li nkuoa li ikemetse le tse neng li ipusa) li ile tsa qhaloa 'me libaka tsa tsona tsa khutlisetsoa ka hare ho Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa ho qala ka la 27 Mmesa 1994 (e leng letsatsi leo ka lona Molao-motheo oa Nako ea Phetoho, o ileng oa felisa khethollo ea morabe ka molao, o ileng oa qala ho sebetsa le moo likhetho tsa pele tsa demokrasi li ileng tsa qala teng) ho latela karolo ea 1(2) le Lenane la 1 la Molao-motheo oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa, 1993 (&quot;Molao-motheo oa Nako ea Phetoho&quot;).[1]

Bohato ba ho finyella sena bo ile ba etelletsoa pele ke [[African National Congress]] (ANC) e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea lenaneo la eona la liphetoho. Ho kenngoa hape ho ile ha finyelloa ka tsela e nang le khotso, le hoja ho ne ho e-na le khanyetso e itseng ho tsoa ho lihlopha tsa batho ba moo, ba ileng ba lahleheloa ke menyetla ea leruo le matla a lipolotiki a fanoang ke linaha tsa habo bona. Ho qhaqhoa ha linaha tsa Bophuthatswana le Ciskei ho ne ho le thata haholo. Ciskei, mabotho a tšireletso a Afrika Boroa a ile a tlameha ho kenella ka March 1994 ho felisa koluoa ea dipolotiki.

Ho tloha ka selemo sa 1994, likarolo tse ngata tsa naha li ile tsa aroloa bocha ka molao-motheo [[Diporofensi tsa Afrika Borwa|liprofinse]] tse ncha.

Leha ho le joalo, baetapele ba bangata ba libaka tseo ho thoeng ke 'Bantustans' kapa 'Homelands' (libaka tse neng li behiloe ka thoko bakeng sa batho ba batšo nakong ea khethollo ea morabe) ba bile le karolo lipolotiking tsa Afrika Boroa ho tloha ha libaka tseo li qhaloa. Ba bang ba ile ba kenya mekhatlo ea bona likhethong tsa pele tse neng li sa khetholle ka morabe, ha ba bang ba ile ba ikopanya le mokhatlo oa ANC. Mangosuthu Buthelezi e ne e le Tonakholo ea sebaka sa habo sa KwaZulu ho tloha ka 1976 ho isa ho 1994. Afrika Boroa ea kamora nako ea khethollo ea morabe, o sebelitse e le mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa Inkatha Freedom Party le Letona la Litaba tsa Lehae. Bantubonke Holomisa, eo e neng e le general sebakeng sa Transkei ho tloha ka 1987, o sebelitse e le mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa United Democratic Movement ho tloha ka 1997. General Constand Viljoen, e leng Mo-Afrikaner ea neng a sebeletsa e le molaoli oa Sesole sa Afrika Boroa (South African Defence Force), o ile a romela masole a hae a ka bang 1,500 ho ea sireletsa Lucas Mangope le ho hanyetsa ho felisoa ha Bophuthatswana e le sebaka se ikemetseng ka 1994. O ile a theha mokhatlo oa Freedom Front ka 1994. Lucas Mangope, eo e neng e le moetapele oa morabe oa Motsweda Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane oa batho ba Tswana le hlooho ea Bophuthatswana, ke mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa United Christian Democratic Party, e leng mokhatlo o nkoang e le tsoelo-pele ea mokhatlo o neng o busa sebaka seo sa habo. Oupa Gqozo, e leng moetapele oa ho qetela oa Ciskei, o ile a kenya mokhatlo oa hae oa African Democratic Movement likhethong tsa 1994 empa a sa atleha. Mokhatlo oa Dikwankwetla, o neng o busa Qwaqwa, o ntse o e-na le tšusumetso khanseleng ea Maluti a Phofung moo e leng mokhatlo o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa bohanyetsi. Mokhatlo oa Ximoko, o neng o busa Gazankulu, o na le boteng pusong ea lehae ea Giyani. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, eo e neng e le Tonakholo ea KwaNdebele, George Mahlangu, le ba bang ba ile ba theha mokhatlo oa Sindawonye Progressive Party, e leng o mong oa mekhatlo e meholo ea bohanyetsi ho la Thembisile Hani Local Municipality le Dr JS Moroka Local Municipality (dibaka tse akaretsang sebaka seo e neng e le 'homeland' pele).

== Lethathamo la Bantustans ==

=== Ba-bantustane Afrika Borwa ===
[[File:Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|mMapa wa dibaka tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batšo Afrika Boroa qetellong ea khethollo ea merabe ka 1994]]
Dinaha tsa habo tsona di thathamisitsoe ka tlase le sehlopha sa merabe seo naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea habo eona e khethiloeng ho sona. Tse 'nè li ne li ikemetse ka lebitso (tse bitswang linaha tsa TBVC tsa Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei). Tse ding tse tsheletseng di ne di e-na le boipuso bo fokolang:

==== Litaba tsa lipopi ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo
!Sehlopha sa batho
!Lilemo tsa boipuso&lt;br /&gt;
!Lilemo tsa boipuso tse boletsoeng&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Transkei
|Umtata
|Sesotho
|1963[1]–1976
|1976
|-
|Bophuthatswana
|
|Tswana
|1972[4]–1977
|1977
|-
|Venda
|
|Venda
|1973[6]–1979
|1979
|-
|Li-Ciskei
|
|Sesotho
|1972[8]–1981
|1981
|}

==== Mekgatlo e ikemetseng ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo
!Setjhaba
!Lilemo
|-
|Lebowa
|[[Lebowakgomo]] (1974-1994) Sesego (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1974) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1974)
|Northern Sotho (Pedi) 
|1972
|-
|Gazankulu
|[[Giyani]]
|Tsonga (Shangane) 
|1973
|-
|QwaQwa
|[[Phuthaditjhaba]] (ho fihlela ka 1974 e ne e bitsoa Witsieshoek) (until 1974 called Witsieshoek)
|[[Basotho|Sotho e ka Boroa]]
|1974
|-
|KwaZulu
|Ulundi (1980-1994) Nongoma (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1980) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1980)
|[[Mazulu|MaZulu]]
|1977
|-
|KwaNdebele
|KwaMhlanga (1986-1994) Siyabuswa (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1986) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1986)
|Ndebele
|1981
|-
|KaNgwane
|Louieville Schoemansdal (ka nakoana, ho fihlela bohareng ba bo-1980) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until the mid-1980s)
|Seswazi
|1984
|}
Bantustan ea pele e ne e le Transkei, e etelletsweng pele ke Moemphera e Moholo Daliwonga Matanzima Profinseng ea Cape bakeng sa setjhaba sa Xhosa. KwaZulu, e leng sechaba sa MaZulu se Profinse ea Natal, se ne se etelletswe pele ke setho sa Lelapa la borena la Mazulu hlooho Mangosuthu (&quot;Gatsha&quot;) Buthelezi ka lebitso la morena wa MaZulu.

[[Lesotho]] le [[Eswatini]] (eo pele e neng e tsejwa e le Swaziland) e ne e se batho ba Bantustans; e ne e le dinaha tse ikemetseng le tse neng di le mebuso ea Brithani. Dinaha tsena di pota-potilwe haholo-holo kapa ka ho feletseng ke naha ya Afrika Borwa mme di itshetlehile ka ho feletseng ka Afrika Borwa. Ha ho mohla ba kileng ba itshetleha ka dipolotiki ka tsela ea molao ka Afrika Borwa mme ba ile ba amohelwa e le linaha tse ikemetseng ke sechaba sa matjhaba ho tloha ha ba fuwa boipuso ba bona ke UK ka bo-1960.

=== Ba-Bantustane Afrika BorWa-bophirimela ===

==== Matjhaba ====
 
[[File:Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg|thumb|'Mmapa wa dibaka tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho tsa [[Namibia]] ho tloha ka 1978]]
Lilemong tsa bo-1960, Afrika Borwa—e neng e laola South West Africa tlas’a taelo ea Mokhatlo oa Lichaba (League of Nations)—e ile ea tobana le khatello e ntseng e eketseha ea machaba mabapi le puso ea eona ea batho ba basoeu (ba neng ba le mmalonyana) holim’a bongata ba batho ba batšo. Tharollo eo Afrika Borwa e neng e e rerile—e leng Moralo oa Odendaal—e ne e le ho arola batho ba basoeu le bao e seng basoeu, ho fa libaka tsa batho ba batšo tse arohaneng boipuso, e le hore ka tsela eo, batho ba basoeu e be bona ba bangata karolong e kholo e setseng ea naha. Ho feta moo, ho ne ho nahanoa hore ka ho arola lihlopha tsa merabe le ho qobella batho ka molao hore ba lule libakeng tse khethiloeng bakeng sa bona, khethollo ea morabe e ne e tla nyamela ka boeona.Moralo oa Odendaal o ile oa bululeloa, karolong e 'ngoe, ke litsebi tsa thuto ea batho (anthropologists) tsa Afrika Borwa.

Dibaka tse neng li khethiloe li ne li bitsoa ''li-bantustans'', 'me karolo e setseng ea naha e ne e bitsoa Police Zone. Ka mor'a moo, batho bohle bao e seng ba basoeu ba neng ba sebetsa sebakeng sa mapolesa ba ile ba fetoha ''basebetsi ba bajaki'', 'me ho ile ha thehoa melao ea ho fetisetsa mokhatlo oa mapolesa ho ea le ho tsoa bantustans. 

Sebaka se kopaneng sa batho bohle ba bantustan se ne se lekana le sebaka sa mapolesa. Leha ho le jwalo, batho bohle ba bantustans ba ne ba le mahaeng haholo mme ba sa kenyeletswe metseng e meholo. Dikou tsohle, boholo ba marang-rang a terene le meralo ea ditsela e nang le tarred, boema-fofane bohle bo boholo, libaka tse ruisang haholo tsa taemane le dirapeng tsa boikgathollo tsa naha di ne di le sebakeng sa Sepolesa.

Ho qala ka selemo sa 1968,ho latela likhothaletso tsa 1964 tse tsoang ho khomishene e neng e etelletsoe pele ke Fox Odendaal, ho ile ha theooa libaka tse leshome tsa bolulo ba merabe (tse tsejoang e le *homelands*) tse tšoanang le tse neng li le Afrika Boroa, sebakeng sa South West Africa (eo kajeno e leng Namibia). Lentswe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ha le nepahale hantle tabeng ena, kaha a mang a merabe e amehang e ne e le ea batho ba Khoisan, e seng ba Bantu, mme boemo ba batho ba Rehoboth Basters bo ne bo rarahane. Hara dibaka tsena tse leshome tsa bodulo ba merabe tsa South West Africa, ke tse tharo feela tse ileng tsa fuoa boipuso (bo tshwanang le ba li-Bantustan tsa Afrika Borwa) pakeng tsa 1973 le 1976.

==== Mekhatlo e Ts'oanang ====
Ka Phupu 1980, tsamaiso e ile ea fetoloa ho ba ea mebuso e arohaneng (&quot;makala a emelang batho&quot;) e sebetsang joalo ka likarolo tsa tsamaiso tsa boemo ba bobeli (tse ikarabellang litabeng tse kang kabo ea mobu, temo, thuto ho fihlela boemong ba koetliso ea matichere a likolo tsa mathomo, litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle, hammoho le litšebeletso tsa boiketlo ba sechaba le penshene) ho latela morabe feela, eseng libaka tse hlalositsoeng ka meeli ea sebaka. Ho latela meaho ea tsamaiso e neng e se e ntse e le teng ho tloha ka 1925 le 1962, ho ile ha theoa makala a emelang batho bakeng sa lihlopha tsa batho ba basoeu[2] le ba Coloured[3]. Ha ho na makala a joalo a emelang batho a ileng a theoa bakeng sa batho ba merabe ea Himba le San (ba lulang haholo libakeng tseo e neng e le mahae a bona a khale a Kaokoland le Bushmanland).

Mebuso ena ea boemo ba bobeli e thehiloeng merabeng e ile ea emisoa tšebetsong ka Mots'eanong 1989, qalong ea nako ea phetoho e lebisang boipusong, 'me ea hlakoloa ka molao ka la 21 Hlakubele 1990 (letsatsi leo Namibia e ileng ea fumana boipuso ka lona) ho latela Lenane la 8 la Molao-motheo oa Namibia.[1] Ba-Baster ba ile ba leka ka matla empa ba hlōleha ho boloka boemo ba boipuso ba Rehoboth—e leng sebaka se neng se e-na le boipuso nakong ea puso ea Jeremane—hammoho le Basterland. Sebakeng seo pele e neng e le Bantustan ea East Caprivi, batho ba tšehetsang boipuso ba sechaba sa Lozi ba ile ba qala boiteko bo sa atlehang ba ho loantša 'muso ka 1999, ba batla ho ikarola ho Namibia le ho fumana boipuso.

Naha e libakeng tsa Bantustan e ile ea oela mmusong oa Namibia, 'me kajeno e bitsoa &quot;Lifapha tsa Sechaba&quot;.

==== Matjhaba (ho fihlela 1980) / Baemeli ba 'Muso (1980-1989/1990) ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo 
!Boholo ba moloko o emeloang
!Lekhotla la Molao le thehiloe
!Boipuso
!Lilemo tsa Bolaoli bo Ikemetseng
|-
|Linaha tsa Ovamboland
|Likhomo tsa limela
|Ovambo
|1968
|1973
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Kavangoland
|Rundu
|Kavango
|1970
|1973
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Bochabela ba Caprivi
|Katima Mulilo
|Lozi
|1972
|1976
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Namaland|Naha ea Namaland]]
|Keetmanshoop
|Nama
|1976
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Rehoboth
|Rehoboth
|Baster
|1977
|—
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Damaraland
|Li-Welwitschia
|Damara
|1977
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Hereroland]]
|Okakarara
|Herero
|—
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Tswanaland]]
|Li-aminois
|Tswana
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Bushmanland (South West Africa)|Naha ea Bushman]]
|Tsumkwe
|San
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|—
|-
|Kaokoland
|Ohopoho
|Himba
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|—
|}

== Tshebediso maemong a seng Afrika Borwa ==
Lentswe &quot;bantustan&quot; le fetohile lentswe le akaretsang ho supa ka kutlwisiso e nyatsang sebaka sefe kapa sefe moo batho ba qobellwang ho phela ntle le ditokelo tse felletseng tsa setjhaba le dipolotiki. 

=== Palestina ===
Botjhabela bo Hare, dibaka tsa Mapalestina tse ka hare ho West Bank le Gaza Strip hangata li hlalosoa e le &quot;bantustans&quot; ke ba nyatsang maano a Iseraele libakeng tsa Mapalestina.[1] Lentsoe lena le sebelisoa ho bolela libaka tse reriloeng West Bank bakeng sa Mapalestina tlas'a litlhahiso tse fapaneng tse etelletsoeng pele ke U.S. le Iseraele ho rarolla khohlano lipakeng tsa Iseraele le Palestina, kapa ho bolela &quot;lihlekehleke&quot; tse 165 tse seng li ntse li le teng—tse ileng tsa hlaha ka molao e le Libaka tsa A le B tlas'a Tumellano ea Oslo II ea 1995. Merero ea khotso ea Iseraele le U.S.—ho kenyeletsoa Morero oa Allon, morero oa Drobles oa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Zionist, morero oa Menachem Begin, morero oa Benjamin Netanyahu oa &quot;Allon Plus&quot;, Seboka sa Camp David sa 2000, le pono ea Sharon ea naha ea Palestina—li ile tsa sisinya hore ho be le libaka tse arohaneng (tse kang li-enclave),[108][109] joalo ka ha morero oa khotso oa Trump oa 2020 le oona o entse. Sena se ile sa nyatsoa e le &quot;khetho ea Bantustan&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sebakeng sa subcontinent ea India, mmuso oa Sinhalese oa Sri Lanka o qositsoe ka ho fetola libaka tsa batho ba merabe ea Tamil hore e be &quot;li-bantustan&quot;.[1] Lentsoe lena le boetse le sebelisitsoe ho hlalosa maemo a bophelo ba batho ba sehlopha sa Dalit naheng ea India.

[[Nigeria]], mobishopo wa K'hatholike Matthew Hassan Kukah o bua ka boroa ba Kaduna State e le &quot;Bantustan e lenngwe e kgolo ea tlhokomeliso ea mmuso&quot;.

[[Canada]] le [[United States|Dinaheng tse Kppaneng tsa Amerikas]], dibaka tsa polokelo ea Maindia le libaka tsa poloko ea Maindie hangata li bapisoa le Bantustans ka lebaka la kamano e arolelanoeng lipakeng tsa ditsheebetso tsa khethollo ea merabe ya linaha tseo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Bona hape ==

* Letswai
* Dihlekehleke tsa Palestina, tseo hangata di bitswang bantustans
* Dibaka Tsa Bohlweki
* Dikgetho tsa Maori
* [[Kgethollo ya merabe|Boemo ba kgethollo ya merabe]]
* Molao wa Boahi wa Mabatowa a Bantu, 1970
* Ho arohana ka morabe
* Volkstaat
* Passport ya ka hare
* Ho hlwekisa merabe
* Bolaodi ba ho fallisetsa dinaheng tse ding
* Ditumellano tsa Oslo
* Hamastan

== Ditlhaloso ==

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[[File:South_Africa_&amp;_South_West_Africa_Bantustans_Map.svg|right|thumb|350x350px|'Mapa oa Afrika Boroa le Afrika Boroa-bophirimela (eo hona joale e leng Namibia). 'Mapa ona o bontša batho ba bantustan ba neng ba le libakeng tseo ka bobeli. 
&lt;br /&gt;'''Libaka tse sa keneng ka hara naha ea Bantustan'''{{Legend|#AEAEAE|South West Africa}}{{Legend|#8B8B8B|South Africa}}'''Libaka tsa Bantustan (Afrika Boroa-bophirimela) '''{{Legend|#FD4756|[[Kaokoland]]}}{{Legend|#609979|[[Ovamboland]]}}{{Legend|#4E4B0D|[[Damaraland]]}}{{Legend|#901B35|[[Kavangoland]]}}{{Legend|#09A7B4|[[East Caprivi]]}}{{Legend|#43D99A|[[Bushmanland (South West Africa)|Bushmanland]]}}{{Legend|#E4BC20|[[Hereroland]]}}{{Legend|#222560|[[Rehoboth (homeland)|Rehoboth]]}}{{Legend|#9B37F9|[[Tswanaland]]}}{{Legend|#8F6F68|[[Namaland]]}}'''Libaka tsa Bantustan (Aforika Boroa) '''{{Legend|#FB8072|[[KwaNdebele]]}}{{Legend|#B3DE69|[[Lebowa]]}}{{Legend|#FE951F|[[Gazankulu]]}}{{Legend|#FCCDE5|[[KaNgwane]]}}{{Legend|#80B1D3|[[KwaZulu]]}}{{Legend|#CCEBC5|[[QwaQwa]]}}'''Bantustans ea boemo ba lipopi'''{{Legend|#BC80BD|[[Bophuthatswana]]}}{{Legend|#FE85CE|[[Venda (Bantustan)|Venda]]}}{{Legend|#8AFE9D|[[Transkei]]}}{{Legend|#FED121|[[Ciskei]]}}]]
 
Bantustan (e neng e boetse e tsejoa e le lehae la batho ba batšo kapa naha ea batho ba batšo) e ne e le sebaka seo puso ea National Party ea Union of South Africa (1910–1961) le hamorao Republic of South Africa (1961–1994) e ileng ea se behela ka thoko bakeng sa baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa le South West Africa (eo hona joale e leng Namibia), e le karolo ea leano la eona la khethollo ea morabe (apartheid).&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bantustan&lt;/ref&gt;

Lereo lena, le ileng la qala ho sebelisoa mafelong a lilemo tsa bo-1940,[1] le entsoe ka ho kopanya lentsoe &quot;Bantu&quot; (le bolelang &quot;batho&quot; ka lipuo tse ling tsa Se-Bantu) le &quot;-stan&quot; (e leng karolo ea lentsoe e bolelang &quot;naha&quot; ka Se-Persian le lipuong tse ling tse susumetsoeng ke Se-Persian). Hamorao, le ile la nkoa e le lentsoe le nyelisang ke bahlahlobisisi ba bang ba mehopolo ea 'muso oa nako ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) mabapi le libaka tse bitsoang &quot;homelands&quot; (libaka tsa bolulo ba merabe e itseng). 'Muso oa Pretoria o ile oa theha libaka tse leshome tsa &quot;Bantustan&quot; Afrika Boroa, le tse ling tse leshome naheng ea haufi ea South West Africa (e neng e laoloa ke Afrika Boroa ka nako eo); sepheo e ne e le ho bokella litho tsa lihlopha tse itseng tsa merabe sebakeng se le seng, e le hore sebaka ka seng se be le batho ba morabe o le mong feela, e leng motheo oa ho theha linaha tse ikemetseng bakeng sa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa. Tlas'a Molao oa Boahi ba Dibaka tsa Bolulo tsa Bantu (Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act) oa 1970, mmuso o ile oa hlakola boahi ba Afrika Borwa ba batho ba batsho, wa ba amoha ditokelo tse fokolang tsa dipolotiki le tsa setjhaba tseo ba neng ba ntse ba e-na le tsona Afrika Borwa, mme wa ba phatlalatsa e le baahi ba dibaka tsena tsa bodulo.

Mmuso oa Afrika Borwa o phatlaladitse hore di-bantustans tse nnè tsa Afrika Borwa di ne di ikemetse - Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei (tse bitswang &quot;Linaha tsa TBVC&quot;), empa phatlalatso ena ha ya ka ya e-ba ea ananeloa ke mabotho a kgahlanong le kgethollo ea merabe Afrika Borwa kapa ke mmuso ofe kapa ofe wa matjhaba. Ba bang ba Bantustans (joalo ka KwaZulu, Lebowa le [[QwaQwa]]) ba ile ba fuoa &quot;boipuso&quot; empa ha ho mohla ba ileng ba fuoa &quot;tokoloho&quot;. Afrika Borwa-bophirimela, Ovamboland, Kavangoland le East Caprivi di ile tsa phatlalatswa e le dibaka tse ikemetseng, mme dinaha tse ding tse seng kae tse bonahalang e le tsa habo tsona ha dia ka tsa fusa boipuso. Molao-motheo wa nakwana o ile wa felisa Bantustans ka ho feletseng ka ho fediswa ha kgethollo ya merabe was Afrika Borwa ka selemo sa 1994.

== Pōpo ==
[[File:South_Africa_racial_map,_1979.gif|right|thumb|350x350px|Mmapa wa Afrika Borwa wa merabe le baahi o phatlalalitsoeng ke CIA ka selemo sa  1979 o nang le dintlha tse tsoang ho palo ya batho ya Afrika Borwa ya selemo sa ]]
Ho tloha ka selemo sa 1913, mebuso e latellanang ea Afrika Boroa e neng e busoa ke batho ba basoeu ba fokolang palo, e ile ea theha libaka tse khethehileng (tseo ho thoeng ke &quot;reserves&quot;) bakeng sa batho ba batšo e le ho ba arola ka morabe ho batho ba basoeu; sena se ne se tšoana le ho theoa ha libaka tse khethehileng tsa Matsoalloa a Amerika (Indian reservations) naheng ea United States. Molao oa Naha oa Matsoalloa (Natives Land Act) oa 1913 o ile oa lekanyetsa batho ba batšo ho ba le karolo ea 7 lekholong feela ea naha. Ka 1936, 'muso o ile oa rera ho eketsa karolo ena ho fihla ho 13.6 lekholong ea naha, empa ts'ebetso ea ho reka mobu e ile ea lieha 'me morero ona ha oa ka oa phethahatsoa ka botlalo.

Ha [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|Mokha oa Sechaba]] o fihla pusong ka 1948, Letona la Litaba tsa Baahi (le hamorao Letona-Kholo la Afrika Boroa) Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd o ile a haha ho tsoa ho sena, a hlahisa letoto la mehato ea &quot;ho khetholla batho ho tloha ho merabe e meng&quot; joalo ka Group Areas Acts le Natives Resettlement Act, 1954 e ileng ea fetola sechaba sa Afrika Boroa hore ba basoeu e be bongata ba baahi. Ho thehoa ha linaha tsa habo kapa li-bantustans e ne e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea leano lena, kaha sepheo sa nako e telele e ne e tla ba ho etsa hore li-bantustan li ikemele. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba batšo ba ne ba tla lahleheloa ke boahi ba bona ba Afrika Boroa le tokelo ea ho vouta, e leng se neng se tla lumella basoeu hore ba lule ba laola Afrika Boroa.

Lipampiri tsa litaba li rehile morero oa Mokha oa Nationalist lebitso la &quot;Bantustans&quot;. Lentsoe lena le kopaneng le fosahetse haholo ka litsela tse ngata. Le amana le karohano ea India—kamora hore Borithane ba tsamaee ka ho hloka boikemisetso, 'me e le e 'ngoe ea maemo a ts'ebetso eo—likarolong tse peli tse ikemetseng: Hindustan le Pakistan. Ha ho na papiso ea 'nete le litlhahiso tsa Mokha oa Nationalist, hobane (a) India le Pakistan ke linaha tse peli tse arohaneng ka botlalo le tse ikemetseng lipolotiking, (b) Mamosleme a na le litokelo tse lekanang India; Mahindu a na le litokelo tse lekanang Pakistan, (c) Karohano e ile ea hlahisoa le ho amoheloa ke mahlakore ka bobeli, kapa bonyane ke lihlopha tse kholo le tse nang le tšusumetso ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona. Merero ea 'Muso ha e rerelle ho arola naha ena likarolong tse ikemetseng le tse ipusang. Ha e rerelle ho fana ka litokelo tse lekanang, kapa litokelo tsa mofuta ofe kapa ofe, ho batho ba batšo ba lulang ka ntle ho libaka tse khethiloeng (li-reserve). Karohano ha ea ka ea amoheloa le ka mohla ke batho ba batšo, 'me e ke ke ea amoheloa le ka mohla. Ebile, ha ea ka ea hlahisoa kapa ea amoheloa ka botlalo ke batho ba basoeu. Ka hona, lentsoe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ke lebitso le fosahetseng ka botlalo, 'me le mpa le thusa feela Mokha oa Nationalist ho phethahatsa bolotsana.

: &lt;ref&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/homelands&lt;/ref&gt;Likoranta li ile tsa re morero oa Ba-Nationalist ke &quot;Bantustans&quot;. Ka litsela tse ngata lentsoe leo le khelosa haholo. E amana le ho aroloa ha India, ka mor'a ho tloha ha Brithani ka ho se tsotelle, le e le boemo ba eona, ho ba linaha tse peli tse arohaneng, Hindustan le Pakistan. Ha ho na ho tšoana ha sebele le litlhahiso tsa Machaba, kaha (a) India le Pakistan ke linaha tse peli tse ikemetseng ka ho feletseng le tse ikemetseng lipolotiking, (b) Mamosleme a thabela litokelo tse lekanang India; Mahindu a thabela litšoaneleho tse lekanang Pakistan, (c) Karohano e ile ea fanoa le ho amoheloa ke mekha ka bobeli, kapa bonyane likarolo tse ngata tse nang le tšusumetso ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Merero ea 'Muso ha e nahane ka ho arola naha ena ka linaha tse ikemetseng. Ha li na litokelo tse lekanang, kapa litokelo leha e le life, bakeng sa Maafrika a ka ntle ho libaka tsa polokelo. Ho arohana ha naha ha ho mohla ho kileng ha amoheloa ke Maafrika ebile ho ke ke ha e-ba joalo. Tabeng eo ha ho mohla e kileng ea fetisetsoa kapa ea amoheloa ke ba basoeu. Ka hona, lentsoe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ke lebitso le fosahetseng ka ho felletseng, mme le tloaetse feela ho thusa ba Bosetšhaba ho etsa bolotsana. 

Verwoerd o ile a pheha khang ea hore Mabantustans e ne e le &quot;malapeng a pele&quot; a batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa. Ka 1951, 'muso oa Daniel François Malan o ile oa hlahisa Molao oa Batho ba Banthu ho theha &quot;machaba&quot; a abetsoeng merabe e ntšo ea naha eo. Tsena li ne li lekana le 13% ea naha ea naha, 'me tse ling kaofela li ne li boloketsoe batho ba basoeu. Machaba a ne a busoa ke baeta-pele ba meloko ba sebelisanang, ha baeta-pe ba sa sebelisaneng ba ne ba tlosoa ka matla. Ha nako e ntse e ea, ho ile ha hlaha sehlopha se busang sa batho ba batšo se neng se thahasella ho sireletsa naha ea habo sona. Le hoja sena se ile sa thusa ho tsitsisa lipolotiki tsa linaha tsa habo bona ka tekanyo e itseng, boemo ba bona bo ne bo ntse bo itšetlehile ka ho feletseng ka tšehetso ea Afrika Boroa.&lt;ref&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/homelands&lt;/ref&gt;

Karolo ea libaka tsa batho ba batšo (tseo ho thoeng ke *homelands*) e ile ea atolosoa ka 1959 ka ho fetisoa ha Molao oa Puso ea Boipuso ba Batho ba Batšo (*Bantu Self-Government Act*), o ileng oa theha moralo o bitsoang &quot;Ntlafatso e Arohaneng&quot; (*Separate Development*). Sena se ile sa nolofalletsa libaka tsena ho itlhahisa ha nako e ntse e ea e le libaka tse ipusang, 'me qetellong e le linaha tse nkiloeng e le tse &quot;ikemetseng&quot; ka botlalo.

Ts'ebetso ena e ne e lokela ho finyelloa ka mehato e mene e meholo bakeng sa naha ka 'ngoe:

* Ho kopanya dibaka tsa polokelo tse behilweng ka thoko bakeng sa &quot;ditso&quot; tse sa tshwaneng (tse bitswang &quot;ditjhaba&quot; ka molao ho tloha ka selemo sa 1959) tlasa &quot;Bolaodi bo le bong ba Teritoriale&quot;
* Ho thehwa ha lekghotla la molao bakeng sa naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea habo e nang le matla a fokolang a ho ipusa
* Ho thehoa ha naha ya habo e le &quot;sebaka se ikemetseng&quot;
* Ho fana ka boipuso bo feletseng ba lebitso la naha ea habo

Ka kakaretso, ha ho mohla ho neng ho lateloa moralo ona ka tsela e hlakileng, empa hangata ho ne ho etswa mehato e mengata e bohareng le e fetang e le nngwwe.

Naha ya habo Transkei e ile ea sebetsa ka ditsela tse ngata e le &quot;sebaka sa teko&quot; bakeng sa maano a khethollo ea merabe; nts'etsopele ea eona ea mekhatlo e qalile pele ho molao wa selemo sa 1959, mme ka hona ho fihlella ha eona boipuso le boipuso ho ile ha kenngoa tshebetsong pele ho linaha tse ding tsa habo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/edited-volume/abs/pii/B9780444862419501020&lt;/ref&gt;

Morero ona o ile oa matlafatsoa tlas'a mohlahlami oa Verwoerd e le tonakholo, John Vorster, e le karolo ea mokhoa oa hae oa &quot;ho hlasimoloha&quot; oa khethollo ea morabe. Leha ho le joalo, sepheo sa 'nete sa leano lena e ne e le ho phethahatsa morero oa pele oa Verwoerd oa ho etsa hore batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa e be baahi ba linaha tsa habo bona ho fapana le ba Afrika Boroa - ka hona ho tlosa litokelo tse fokolang tseo ba neng ba ntse ba e-na le tsona e le baahi. Linaha tsa habo bona li ile tsa khothalletsoa ho khetha boipuso, kaha sena se ne se tla fokotsa palo ea baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa haholo. Ts'ebetso ea ho theha moralo oa molao oa morero ona e phethiloe ke Molao oa Boahi ba Linaha tsa Batho ba Batšo oa 1970, o ileng oa khetha Maafrika Boroa ohle a batšo e le baahi ba linaha tsa habo bona, leha ba ne ba lula &quot;Afrika Boroa e tšoeu&quot;, 'me oa hlakola boahi ba bona ba Afrika Boroa, le Molao oa Molao oa Motheo oa Linaha tsa Batho oa 1971, o faneng ka moralo o akaretsang oa mekhahlelo ea nts'etsopele ea molao oa motheo oa linaha tsohle tsa habo bona (ntle le Transkei) ho tloha ho thehoeng ha Bolaoli ba Libaka ho fihlela boipusong bo felletseng.

Ka selemo sa 1984, dinaha tsohle tse leshome tsa Afrika Boroa di ne di se li ikemetse mme tse mnè tsa tsona (Transkei, Boputhatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei) li ne li phatlalalitsoe ka botlalo pakeng tsa selemo sa  1976 le 1981.

Tafole e latelang e bontsha nako ya tswelo-pele ea litsi le ea molao ea Bantustans tse leshome tsa Afrika Boroa ho latela mehato e mene e ka hodimo e boletsweng:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!Naha ea habo
!Setjhaba/Sechaba
!Bolaoli ba tšimo&lt;br /&gt;
!Seboka sa Molao&lt;br /&gt;
!Boipuso&lt;br /&gt;
!Ho se ikarabelle ka lebitso&lt;br /&gt;
!Litokomane
|-
|Transkei
|Sesotho
|1956
|1963
|1963
|1976
|A forerunner of the Territorial Authority and the Legislative Assembly existed since 1931 under the name &quot;United Transkeian Territories General Council&quot;.[12]
|-
|Bophuthatswana
|Tswana
|1961
|1971
|1972
|1977
|The Territorial Authority established in 1961 was reorganised in 1968.[17]
|-
|Venda
|Venda
|1962
|1971
|1973
|1979
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[22]
|-
|Li-Ciskei
|Sesotho
|1961
|1971
|1972
|1981
|A forerunner of the Territorial Authority and the Legislative Assembly previously existed from 1934[27] to 1955[28] under the name &quot;Ciskeian General Council&quot;.The Territorial Authority established in 1961 was reorganised in 1968.[29]
|-
|Lebowa
|Northern Sotho (Pedi) 
|1962
|1971
|1972
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[33]
|-
|Gazankulu
|Tsonga (Shangane) 
|1962
|1971
|1973
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[38]
|-
|QwaQwa
|[[Basotho|Sotho e ka Boroa]]
|1969
|1971
|1974
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KwaZulu
|[[Mazulu|MaZulu]]
|1970
|1972
|1977
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KwaNdebele
|Ndebele
|1977
|1979
|1981
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KaNgwane
|Seswazi
|1976
|1977
|1984
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The homeland status was temporarily suspended between June and December 1982.[52]
|}
IKa nako e tšoanang le ho theoa ha libaka tsa batho ba batšo (tseo ho thoeng ke *homelands* kapa *Bantustans*), baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa ba ile ba qobelloa ho kenya letsoho lenaneong le leholo la ho fallisoa ka likhoka. Ho hakanngoa hore batho ba limilione tse 3.5 ba ile ba qobelloa ho tloha mahaeng a bona pakeng tsa lilemo tsa bo-1960 le bo-1980, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba ile ba isoa libakeng tsa *Bantustans*.&lt;ref&gt;https://southafrica-info.com/history/provinces-homelands-south-africa-1996/&lt;/ref&gt;

mMuso o ile wa hlakisa hore sepheo sa oona sa ho qetela e ne e le ho tlosa batho ba batsho Afrika Boroa ka ho feletseng. Connie Mulder, Letona la Dikamano le Ntsshetsopele ya Batho ba Bangata, o ile a bolella Ntlo ea Kopano ka la 7 Hlakola  1978:
 
Empa morero ona ha oa ka oa finyelloa. Ke karolo e nyane feela (e ka bang 39% ka 1986 ) ea baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa e neng e lula Bantustans; ba setseng ba ne ba lula Afrika Boroa ka boeona, ba bangata ba lula litoropo, litoropong tsa mahaeng le libakeng tse tlase tse ka ntle ho metse ea Afrika Boroa.

== Ho amoheloa ha machabeng ==
Libaka tsa Bantustan tse ka hare ho meeli ea Afrika Boroa li ne li khetholloa e le tse &quot;ipusang&quot; kapa tse &quot;ikemetseng&quot;. Ka khopolo, libaka tsa Bantustan tse ipusang li ne li e-na le taolo holim'a likarolo tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ea ka hare, empa li ne li e-so be lichaba tse ikemetseng ka botlalo. Libaka tsa Bantustan tse ikemetseng (e leng Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Ciskei; tse tsejoang hape e le linaha tsa TBVC) li ne li reretsoe ho ba tse ikemetseng ka botlalo. Leha ho le joalo, libaka tsena li ne li sa hlokomeloa haholo ke mebuso ea bokolone hammoho le mebuso ea hamorao ea Afrika Boroa, 'me li ne li ntse li sa tsoela pele ho hang. Boemo bona bo ile ba fokotsa haholo bokhoni ba linaha tsena ba ho ipusa, 'me ba etsa hore li itšetlehe haholo ka 'muso oa Afrika Boroa.

Ho pholletsa le boteng ba Ma-Bantustan a ikemetseng, Afrika Boroa e ile ea lula e le eona feela naha e ananelang boipuso ba bona. 'Muso oa Afrika Boroa o ile oa etsa boipiletso ba hore ba ananeloe. Ka 1976, ho isa qetong ea Ntlo ea Baemeli ea United States e khothalletsang Mopresidente hore a se ke a ananela Transkei, 'muso oa Afrika Boroa o ile oa etsa boipiletso bo matla ho baetsi ba molao ho hanyetsa molao ona.[1] Matšoao a mohala oa seea-le-moea a sa amoheloeng a ile a etsoa bakeng sa linaha tse ikemetseng 'me likarete tsa QSL li ile tsa romelloa ke basebetsi ba li sebelisang, empa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Lipuisano ha oa ka oa amohela liteishene tsena e le tse molaong.[2] Naha ka 'ngoe ea TBVC e ile ea atolosa kananelo ho Ma-Bantustan a mang a ikemetseng ha Afrika Boroa e bontša boitlamo ba eona khopolong ea boipuso ba TBVC ka ho haha ​​​​maemeli metseng e meholo ea TBVC.

== Bophelo ba Bantustans ==
Ka kakaretso, libaka tsa Bantustan li ne li futanehile 'me li e-na le menyetla e fokolang ea mesebetsi ea sebakeng seo.[1] Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho e-na le menyetla e meng ea tsoelo-pele bakeng sa batho ba batšo, hape ho ile ha e-ba le tsoelo-pele thutong le meralong ea motheo.[2] Libaka tse 'nè tsa Bantustan tse ileng tsa fumana boipuso ba lebitso feela (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Ciskei) li ile tsa hlakola melao eohle ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid).

Melao yaa Bantustans e ne e fapane le ya Afrika Boroa. Sehlopha sa Afrika Boroa se ne se atisa ho sebelisa meeli ena hampe, mohlala ka ho haha di-casino tse kholo, joalo ka Sun City naheng ea habo Bophuthatswana. 

yaBophuthatswana e ne e boetse e na le di-depositi tsa platinamo le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhaho, tse ileng tsa e etsa morui ka ho fetisisa ho Bantustans. 

== Lintho tse ileng tsa etsahala hamorao ==
Ka Pherekhong 1985, Mopresidente oa Naha P. W. Botha o ile a phatlalatsa hore batho ba batšo ba lulang ka hare ho naha ea Afrika Boroa ba ke ke ba hlola ba amohuoa boahi ba Afrika Boroa molemong oa boahi ba li-Bantustan, le hore baahi ba batšo ba lulang li-Bantustan tse ikemetseng ba ka etsa kopo hape ea ho fumana boahi ba Afrika Boroa; nakong ea likhetho tsa naha tsa 1987, F. W. de Klerk o ile a bua lebitsong la National Party a re: &quot;Boiteko bo bong le bo bong ba ho thibela phallo [ea basebetsi ba batšo] ba kenang libakeng tsa litoropo bo hlolehile. Ha ho na thuso ho iphetisa ka taba ena. Moruo o hloka hore bongata ba batho ba batšo bo lule ka ho sa feleng libakeng tsa litoropo... Ba ke ke ba lula Afrika Boroa selemo le selemo ba se na boemeli ba lipolotiki.&quot;[1] Ka Hlakubele 1990, de Klerk—ea ileng a hlahlama Botha joaloka Mopresidente oa Naha ka 1989—o ile a phatlalatsa hore mmuso oa hae o ke ke oa fana ka boipuso ho li-Bantustan tse ding hape.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.972mag.com/apartheid-bantustans-palestinian-statehood/&lt;/ref&gt;

Leha ho le jwalo, dipolelo tsena ha lia ka tsa bolelwa e le ho hana tsamaiso ea Bantustan ka kakaretso: sepheo sa puso ya kgethollo ea merabe nakong ea halofo ea bobeli ea bo-1980 e ne e le ho &quot;matlafatsa&quot; moralo oa mokhatlo wa khethollo ea morabe ha o ntse o siea melao-motheo ea oona ea motheo, ho kenyeletsoa le linaha tsa habo bona, e sa fetohe.

Mmuso o ile oa qobelloa ho amohela boteng bo sa feleng ba batho ba batšo libakeng tsa litoropo, hammoho le ho hlokomela hore mekhoa e neng e le matla haholo ea pele ea ho laola phallo ea batho (eo joale e ileng ea nkeloa sebaka ke mekhoa e bonolo haholoanyane) e ne e ke ke ea sebetsa; ho sa buuoa le ka taba ea hore ho ne ho ke ke ha khoneha ho falla le ho isa batho bohle ba batšo libakeng tse khethiloeng tsa merabe ea bona (li-&quot;homelands&quot;), esita le nakong e telele e tlang. Mmuso o ne o tšepile ho khutsisa baahi ba batšo ba litoropong ka ho rala meralo e fapaneng ea ho ba fa litokelo tse lekanyelitsoeng maemong a lehae (empa e seng maemong a holimo a puso). Ho feta moo, libaka tsa bolulo litoropong (le mahaeng) li ile tsa lula li arohantsoe ho latela morabe, ho ea ka Molao oa Libaka tsa Merabe (Group Areas Act).

Molao-motheo oa &quot;ntlafatso e arohaneng&quot; o ile oa tsoela pele ho sebetsa, 'me puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ea tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libaka tsa batho ba batšo (Bantustans) e le e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa mantlha tsa leano la eona la ho sebetsana le baahi ba batšo. Ho fihlela ka 1990, ho ile ha tsoelo-pele ho etsoa boiteko ba ho khothaletsa libaka tsena tse ipusang hore li nke qeto ea ho fumana boipuso (mohlala, Lebowa, Gazankulu le KwaZulu), 'me ka linako tse ling, mebuso ea libaka tsena tse ipusang (mohlala, KwaNdebele) ka boyona e ile ea bontša thahasello ea ho fumana boipuso nakong e tlang.

Ho ile ha boela ha nahanoa ka hara mekgatlo ea [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|Mokga wa Setjhaba]] o busang ho theha mekhatlo e eketsehileng e ikemetseng ea lebitso libakeng tsa litoropo ka mokhoa oa &quot;metse-motse&quot; e ikemetseng e ntsho.

Molao-motheo oa &quot;ntlafatso e arohaneng&quot; o ile oa tsoela pele ho sebetsa, 'me puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ea tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libaka tsa batho ba batsho (Bantustans) e le e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa mantlha tsa leano la eona la ho sebetsana le baahi ba batšo. Ho fihlela ka 1990, ho ile ha tsoelo-pele ho etsoa boiteko ba ho khothaletsa libaka tsena tse ipusang hore li nke qeto ea ho fumana boipuso (mohlala, Lebowa, Gazankulu le KwaZulu), 'me ka linako tse ling, mebuso ea libaka tsena tse ipusang (mohlala, KwaNdebele) ka boyona e ile ea bontša thahasello ea ho fumana boipuso nakong e tlang.

Ho tloha ka 1990 ho isa ho 1994, mehopolo ena ea &quot;mokhatlo oa linaha tse ikemetseng&quot; (confederation) e ne e ntse e tšehetsoa ka molao-motheo ke likarolo tse kholo tsa National Party (hammoho le mekha e meng le lihlopha tsa bahanyetsi ba basoeu ba nang le maikutlo a tokoloho), empa motheo oa eona o neng o thehiloe pepenene khethollong ea morabe o ile oa qala ho fela butle-butle nakong ea lipuisano tsa ho felisa apartheid, 'me tlhokomelo ea fetoha ho sireletseng &quot;litokelo tsa lihlopha tse nyane&quot; (haholo-holo baahi ba basoeu) ka mor'a hore ho lebelletsoe ho fetisetsoa ha matla ho bongata ba batho ba batšo. Merero ea tsamaiso ea federal (federalist plans) e ile ea boela ea fumana tšehetso ho mebuso le mekha e meng ea libaka tsa batho ba batšo (li-homeland), haholo-holo Inkatha Freedom Party, e neng e le mokha o busang KwaZulu. Empa kaha haholo-holo African National Congress e ile ea hlakisa hore melao-motheo ea &quot; motho a le mong - voutu e le 'ngoe&quot; le ea naha e kopaneng (unitary state) e ne e sa buisanoe ka eona, qetellong merero ea mofuta oa confederation e ile ea lahloa. Ka lebaka la sena, Inkatha Freedom Party e ile ea sokela ho hana ho nka karolo likhethong tsa naha tsa Mmesa 1994 tse ileng tsa felisa apartheid, 'me ea etsa qeto ea ho nka karolo motsotsong oa ho qetela feela ka mor'a hore ho etsoe litumellano tse ba khotsofatsang, hammoho le ho National Party e neng e ntse e busa le lihlopha tse 'maloa tsa bahanyetsi ba basoeu.[1]

Nakong e lebisitseng dikeethong tsa 1994, baetapele ba mmaloa linaheng tse ikemetseng le tse ikemetseng (mohlala Boputhatswana), ba neng ba sa batle ho tela matla a bona, ba ile ba hanyetsa ka matla ho qhaqhoa ha Bantustans mme, ka ho etsa joalo, ba fumana tšehetso ho tsoa mekhatlong e tšoeu ea ho loka, likarolo tsa sesole sa naha sa apartheid le lihlopha tse matla tsa pro-apartheid tse kang Afrikaner Weerstands movement.

== Ho qhibiliha ==
Ka ho oa ha puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) Afrika Boroa ka 1994, libaka tsohle tsa Bantustan (e leng tse neng li nkuoa li ikemetse le tse neng li ipusa) li ile tsa qhaloa 'me libaka tsa tsona tsa khutlisetsoa ka hare ho Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa ho qala ka la 27 Mmesa 1994 (e leng letsatsi leo ka lona Molao-motheo oa Nako ea Phetoho, o ileng oa felisa khethollo ea morabe ka molao, o ileng oa qala ho sebetsa le moo likhetho tsa pele tsa demokrasi li ileng tsa qala teng) ho latela karolo ea 1(2) le Lenane la 1 la Molao-motheo oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa, 1993 (&quot;Molao-motheo oa Nako ea Phetoho&quot;).[1]

Bohato ba ho finyella sena bo ile ba etelletsoa pele ke [[African National Congress]] (ANC) e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea lenaneo la eona la liphetoho. Ho kenngoa hape ho ile ha finyelloa ka tsela e nang le khotso, le hoja ho ne ho e-na le khanyetso e itseng ho tsoa ho lihlopha tsa batho ba moo, ba ileng ba lahleheloa ke menyetla ea leruo le matla a lipolotiki a fanoang ke linaha tsa habo bona. Ho qhaqhoa ha linaha tsa Bophuthatswana le Ciskei ho ne ho le thata haholo. Ciskei, mabotho a tšireletso a Afrika Boroa a ile a tlameha ho kenella ka March 1994 ho felisa koluoa ea dipolotiki.

Ho tloha ka selemo sa 1994, likarolo tse ngata tsa naha li ile tsa aroloa bocha ka molao-motheo [[Diporofensi tsa Afrika Borwa|liprofinse]] tse ncha.

Leha ho le joalo, baetapele ba bangata ba libaka tseo ho thoeng ke 'Bantustans' kapa 'Homelands' (libaka tse neng li behiloe ka thoko bakeng sa batho ba batšo nakong ea khethollo ea morabe) ba bile le karolo lipolotiking tsa Afrika Boroa ho tloha ha libaka tseo li qhaloa. Ba bang ba ile ba kenya mekhatlo ea bona likhethong tsa pele tse neng li sa khetholle ka morabe, ha ba bang ba ile ba ikopanya le mokhatlo oa ANC. Mangosuthu Buthelezi e ne e le Tonakholo ea sebaka sa habo sa KwaZulu ho tloha ka 1976 ho isa ho 1994. Afrika Boroa ea kamora nako ea khethollo ea morabe, o sebelitse e le mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa Inkatha Freedom Party le Letona la Litaba tsa Lehae. Bantubonke Holomisa, eo e neng e le general sebakeng sa Transkei ho tloha ka 1987, o sebelitse e le mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa United Democratic Movement ho tloha ka 1997. General Constand Viljoen, e leng Mo-Afrikaner ea neng a sebeletsa e le molaoli oa Sesole sa Afrika Boroa (South African Defence Force), o ile a romela masole a hae a ka bang 1,500 ho ea sireletsa Lucas Mangope le ho hanyetsa ho felisoa ha Bophuthatswana e le sebaka se ikemetseng ka 1994. O ile a theha mokhatlo oa Freedom Front ka 1994. Lucas Mangope, eo e neng e le moetapele oa morabe oa Motsweda Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane oa batho ba Tswana le hlooho ea Bophuthatswana, ke mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa United Christian Democratic Party, e leng mokhatlo o nkoang e le tsoelo-pele ea mokhatlo o neng o busa sebaka seo sa habo. Oupa Gqozo, e leng moetapele oa ho qetela oa Ciskei, o ile a kenya mokhatlo oa hae oa African Democratic Movement likhethong tsa 1994 empa a sa atleha. Mokhatlo oa Dikwankwetla, o neng o busa Qwaqwa, o ntse o e-na le tšusumetso khanseleng ea Maluti a Phofung moo e leng mokhatlo o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa bohanyetsi. Mokhatlo oa Ximoko, o neng o busa Gazankulu, o na le boteng pusong ea lehae ea Giyani. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, eo e neng e le Tonakholo ea KwaNdebele, George Mahlangu, le ba bang ba ile ba theha mokhatlo oa Sindawonye Progressive Party, e leng o mong oa mekhatlo e meholo ea bohanyetsi ho la Thembisile Hani Local Municipality le Dr JS Moroka Local Municipality (dibaka tse akaretsang sebaka seo e neng e le 'homeland' pele).

== Lethathamo la Bantustans ==

=== Ba-bantustane Afrika Borwa ===
[[File:Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|mMapa wa dibaka tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batšo Afrika Boroa qetellong ea khethollo ea merabe ka 1994]]
Dinaha tsa habo tsona di thathamisitsoe ka tlase le sehlopha sa merabe seo naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea habo eona e khethiloeng ho sona. Tse 'nè li ne li ikemetse ka lebitso (tse bitswang linaha tsa TBVC tsa Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei). Tse ding tse tsheletseng di ne di e-na le boipuso bo fokolang:

==== Litaba tsa lipopi ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo
!Sehlopha sa batho
!Lilemo tsa boipuso&lt;br /&gt;
!Lilemo tsa boipuso tse boletsoeng&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Transkei
|Umtata
|Sesotho
|1963[1]–1976
|1976
|-
|Bophuthatswana
|
|Tswana
|1972[4]–1977
|1977
|-
|Venda
|
|Venda
|1973[6]–1979
|1979
|-
|Li-Ciskei
|
|Sesotho
|1972[8]–1981
|1981
|}

==== Mekgatlo e ikemetseng ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo
!Setjhaba
!Lilemo
|-
|Lebowa
|[[Lebowakgomo]] (1974-1994) Sesego (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1974) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1974)
|Northern Sotho (Pedi) 
|1972
|-
|Gazankulu
|[[Giyani]]
|Tsonga (Shangane) 
|1973
|-
|QwaQwa
|[[Phuthaditjhaba]] (ho fihlela ka 1974 e ne e bitsoa Witsieshoek) (until 1974 called Witsieshoek)
|[[Basotho|Sotho e ka Boroa]]
|1974
|-
|KwaZulu
|Ulundi (1980-1994) Nongoma (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1980) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1980)
|[[Mazulu|MaZulu]]
|1977
|-
|KwaNdebele
|KwaMhlanga (1986-1994) Siyabuswa (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1986) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1986)
|Ndebele
|1981
|-
|KaNgwane
|Louieville Schoemansdal (ka nakoana, ho fihlela bohareng ba bo-1980) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until the mid-1980s)
|Seswazi
|1984
|}
Bantustan ea pele e ne e le Transkei, e etelletsweng pele ke Moemphera e Moholo Daliwonga Matanzima Profinseng ea Cape bakeng sa setjhaba sa Xhosa. KwaZulu, e leng sechaba sa MaZulu se Profinse ea Natal, se ne se etelletswe pele ke setho sa Lelapa la borena la Mazulu hlooho Mangosuthu (&quot;Gatsha&quot;) Buthelezi ka lebitso la morena wa MaZulu.

[[Lesotho]] le [[Eswatini]] (eo pele e neng e tsejwa e le Swaziland) e ne e se batho ba Bantustans; e ne e le dinaha tse ikemetseng le tse neng di le mebuso ea Brithani. Dinaha tsena di pota-potilwe haholo-holo kapa ka ho feletseng ke naha ya Afrika Borwa mme di itshetlehile ka ho feletseng ka Afrika Borwa. Ha ho mohla ba kileng ba itshetleha ka dipolotiki ka tsela ea molao ka Afrika Borwa mme ba ile ba amohelwa e le linaha tse ikemetseng ke sechaba sa matjhaba ho tloha ha ba fuwa boipuso ba bona ke UK ka bo-1960.

=== Ba-Bantustane Afrika BorWa-bophirimela ===

==== Matjhaba ====
 
[[File:Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg|thumb|'Mmapa wa dibaka tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho tsa [[Namibia]] ho tloha ka 1978]]
Lilemong tsa bo-1960, Afrika Borwa—e neng e laola South West Africa tlas’a taelo ea Mokhatlo oa Lichaba (League of Nations)—e ile ea tobana le khatello e ntseng e eketseha ea machaba mabapi le puso ea eona ea batho ba basoeu (ba neng ba le mmalonyana) holim’a bongata ba batho ba batšo. Tharollo eo Afrika Borwa e neng e e rerile—e leng Moralo oa Odendaal—e ne e le ho arola batho ba basoeu le bao e seng basoeu, ho fa libaka tsa batho ba batšo tse arohaneng boipuso, e le hore ka tsela eo, batho ba basoeu e be bona ba bangata karolong e kholo e setseng ea naha. Ho feta moo, ho ne ho nahanoa hore ka ho arola lihlopha tsa merabe le ho qobella batho ka molao hore ba lule libakeng tse khethiloeng bakeng sa bona, khethollo ea morabe e ne e tla nyamela ka boeona.Moralo oa Odendaal o ile oa bululeloa, karolong e 'ngoe, ke litsebi tsa thuto ea batho (anthropologists) tsa Afrika Borwa.

Dibaka tse neng li khethiloe li ne li bitsoa ''li-bantustans'', 'me karolo e setseng ea naha e ne e bitsoa Police Zone. Ka mor'a moo, batho bohle bao e seng ba basoeu ba neng ba sebetsa sebakeng sa mapolesa ba ile ba fetoha ''basebetsi ba bajaki'', 'me ho ile ha thehoa melao ea ho fetisetsa mokhatlo oa mapolesa ho ea le ho tsoa bantustans. 

Sebaka se kopaneng sa batho bohle ba bantustan se ne se lekana le sebaka sa mapolesa. Leha ho le jwalo, batho bohle ba bantustans ba ne ba le mahaeng haholo mme ba sa kenyeletswe metseng e meholo. Dikou tsohle, boholo ba marang-rang a terene le meralo ea ditsela e nang le tarred, boema-fofane bohle bo boholo, libaka tse ruisang haholo tsa taemane le dirapeng tsa boikgathollo tsa naha di ne di le sebakeng sa Sepolesa.

Ho qala ka selemo sa 1968,ho latela likhothaletso tsa 1964 tse tsoang ho khomishene e neng e etelletsoe pele ke Fox Odendaal, ho ile ha theooa libaka tse leshome tsa bolulo ba merabe (tse tsejoang e le *homelands*) tse tšoanang le tse neng li le Afrika Boroa, sebakeng sa South West Africa (eo kajeno e leng Namibia). Lentswe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ha le nepahale hantle tabeng ena, kaha a mang a merabe e amehang e ne e le ea batho ba Khoisan, e seng ba Bantu, mme boemo ba batho ba Rehoboth Basters bo ne bo rarahane. Hara dibaka tsena tse leshome tsa bodulo ba merabe tsa South West Africa, ke tse tharo feela tse ileng tsa fuoa boipuso (bo tshwanang le ba li-Bantustan tsa Afrika Borwa) pakeng tsa 1973 le 1976.

==== Mekhatlo e Ts'oanang ====
Ka Phupu 1980, tsamaiso e ile ea fetoloa ho ba ea mebuso e arohaneng (&quot;makala a emelang batho&quot;) e sebetsang joalo ka likarolo tsa tsamaiso tsa boemo ba bobeli (tse ikarabellang litabeng tse kang kabo ea mobu, temo, thuto ho fihlela boemong ba koetliso ea matichere a likolo tsa mathomo, litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle, hammoho le litšebeletso tsa boiketlo ba sechaba le penshene) ho latela morabe feela, eseng libaka tse hlalositsoeng ka meeli ea sebaka. Ho latela meaho ea tsamaiso e neng e se e ntse e le teng ho tloha ka 1925 le 1962, ho ile ha theoa makala a emelang batho bakeng sa lihlopha tsa batho ba basoeu[2] le ba Coloured[3]. Ha ho na makala a joalo a emelang batho a ileng a theoa bakeng sa batho ba merabe ea Himba le San (ba lulang haholo libakeng tseo e neng e le mahae a bona a khale a Kaokoland le Bushmanland).

Mebuso ena ea boemo ba bobeli e thehiloeng merabeng e ile ea emisoa tšebetsong ka Mots'eanong 1989, qalong ea nako ea phetoho e lebisang boipusong, 'me ea hlakoloa ka molao ka la 21 Hlakubele 1990 (letsatsi leo Namibia e ileng ea fumana boipuso ka lona) ho latela Lenane la 8 la Molao-motheo oa Namibia.[1] Ba-Baster ba ile ba leka ka matla empa ba hlōleha ho boloka boemo ba boipuso ba Rehoboth—e leng sebaka se neng se e-na le boipuso nakong ea puso ea Jeremane—hammoho le Basterland. Sebakeng seo pele e neng e le Bantustan ea East Caprivi, batho ba tšehetsang boipuso ba sechaba sa Lozi ba ile ba qala boiteko bo sa atlehang ba ho loantša 'muso ka 1999, ba batla ho ikarola ho Namibia le ho fumana boipuso.

Naha e libakeng tsa Bantustan e ile ea oela mmusong oa Namibia, 'me kajeno e bitsoa &quot;Lifapha tsa Sechaba&quot;.

==== Matjhaba (ho fihlela 1980) / Baemeli ba 'Muso (1980-1989/1990) ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo 
!Boholo ba moloko o emeloang
!Lekhotla la Molao le thehiloe
!Boipuso
!Lilemo tsa Bolaoli bo Ikemetseng
|-
|Linaha tsa Ovamboland
|Likhomo tsa limela
|Ovambo
|1968
|1973
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Kavangoland
|Rundu
|Kavango
|1970
|1973
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Bochabela ba Caprivi
|Katima Mulilo
|Lozi
|1972
|1976
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Namaland|Naha ea Namaland]]
|Keetmanshoop
|Nama
|1976
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Rehoboth
|Rehoboth
|Baster
|1977
|—
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Damaraland
|Li-Welwitschia
|Damara
|1977
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Hereroland]]
|Okakarara
|Herero
|—
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Tswanaland]]
|Li-aminois
|Tswana
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Bushmanland (South West Africa)|Naha ea Bushman]]
|Tsumkwe
|San
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|—
|-
|Kaokoland
|Ohopoho
|Himba
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|—
|}

== Tshebediso maemong a seng Afrika Borwa ==
Lentswe &quot;bantustan&quot; le fetohile lentswe le akaretsang ho supa ka kutlwisiso e nyatsang sebaka sefe kapa sefe moo batho ba qobellwang ho phela ntle le ditokelo tse felletseng tsa setjhaba le dipolotiki. 

=== Palestina ===
Botjhabela bo Hare, dibaka tsa Mapalestina tse ka hare ho West Bank le Gaza Strip hangata li hlalosoa e le &quot;bantustans&quot; ke ba nyatsang maano a Iseraele libakeng tsa Mapalestina.[1] Lentsoe lena le sebelisoa ho bolela libaka tse reriloeng West Bank bakeng sa Mapalestina tlas'a litlhahiso tse fapaneng tse etelletsoeng pele ke U.S. le Iseraele ho rarolla khohlano lipakeng tsa Iseraele le Palestina, kapa ho bolela &quot;lihlekehleke&quot; tse 165 tse seng li ntse li le teng—tse ileng tsa hlaha ka molao e le Libaka tsa A le B tlas'a Tumellano ea Oslo II ea 1995. Merero ea khotso ea Iseraele le U.S.—ho kenyeletsoa Morero oa Allon, morero oa Drobles oa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Zionist, morero oa Menachem Begin, morero oa Benjamin Netanyahu oa &quot;Allon Plus&quot;, Seboka sa Camp David sa 2000, le pono ea Sharon ea naha ea Palestina—li ile tsa sisinya hore ho be le libaka tse arohaneng (tse kang li-enclave),[108][109] joalo ka ha morero oa khotso oa Trump oa 2020 le oona o entse. Sena se ile sa nyatsoa e le &quot;khetho ea Bantustan&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sebakeng sa subcontinent ea India, mmuso oa Sinhalese oa Sri Lanka o qositsoe ka ho fetola libaka tsa batho ba merabe ea Tamil hore e be &quot;li-bantustan&quot;.[1] Lentsoe lena le boetse le sebelisitsoe ho hlalosa maemo a bophelo ba batho ba sehlopha sa Dalit naheng ea India.

[[Nigeria]], mobishopo wa K'hatholike Matthew Hassan Kukah o bua ka boroa ba Kaduna State e le &quot;Bantustan e lenngwe e kgolo ea tlhokomeliso ea mmuso&quot;.

[[Canada]] le [[United States|Dinaheng tse Kppaneng tsa Amerikas]], dibaka tsa polokelo ea Maindia le libaka tsa poloko ea Maindie hangata li bapisoa le Bantustans ka lebaka la kamano e arolelanoeng lipakeng tsa ditsheebetso tsa khethollo ea merabe ya linaha tseo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Bona hape ==

* Letswai
* Dihlekehleke tsa Palestina, tseo hangata di bitswang bantustans
* Dibaka Tsa Bohlweki
* Dikgetho tsa Maori
* [[Kgethollo ya merabe|Boemo ba kgethollo ya merabe]]
* Molao wa Boahi wa Mabatowa a Bantu, 1970
* Ho arohana ka morabe
* Volkstaat
* Passport ya ka hare
* Ho hlwekisa merabe
* Bolaodi ba ho fallisetsa dinaheng tse ding
* Ditumellano tsa Oslo
* Hamastan

== Ditlhaloso ==

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[[File:South_Africa_&amp;_South_West_Africa_Bantustans_Map.svg|right|thumb|350x350px|'Mapa oa Afrika Boroa le Afrika Boroa-bophirimela (eo hona joale e leng Namibia). 'Mapa ona o bontša batho ba bantustan ba neng ba le libakeng tseo ka bobeli. 
&lt;br /&gt;'''Libaka tse sa keneng ka hara naha ea Bantustan'''{{Legend|#AEAEAE|South West Africa}}{{Legend|#8B8B8B|South Africa}}'''Libaka tsa Bantustan (Afrika Boroa-bophirimela) '''{{Legend|#FD4756|[[Kaokoland]]}}{{Legend|#609979|[[Ovamboland]]}}{{Legend|#4E4B0D|[[Damaraland]]}}{{Legend|#901B35|[[Kavangoland]]}}{{Legend|#09A7B4|[[East Caprivi]]}}{{Legend|#43D99A|[[Bushmanland (South West Africa)|Bushmanland]]}}{{Legend|#E4BC20|[[Hereroland]]}}{{Legend|#222560|[[Rehoboth (homeland)|Rehoboth]]}}{{Legend|#9B37F9|[[Tswanaland]]}}{{Legend|#8F6F68|[[Namaland]]}}'''Libaka tsa Bantustan (Aforika Boroa) '''{{Legend|#FB8072|[[KwaNdebele]]}}{{Legend|#B3DE69|[[Lebowa]]}}{{Legend|#FE951F|[[Gazankulu]]}}{{Legend|#FCCDE5|[[KaNgwane]]}}{{Legend|#80B1D3|[[KwaZulu]]}}{{Legend|#CCEBC5|[[QwaQwa]]}}'''Bantustans ea boemo ba lipopi'''{{Legend|#BC80BD|[[Bophuthatswana]]}}{{Legend|#FE85CE|[[Venda (Bantustan)|Venda]]}}{{Legend|#8AFE9D|[[Transkei]]}}{{Legend|#FED121|[[Ciskei]]}}]]
 
Bantustan (e neng e boetse e tsejwa e le lehae la batho ba batsho kapa naha ya batho ba batsho) e ne e le sebaka seo puso ya National Party ea Union of South Africa (1910–1961) le hamorao Republic of South Africa (1961–1994) e ileng ya se behela ka thoko bakeng sa baahi ba batsho ba Afrika Boroa le South West Africa (eo hona joale e leng Namibia), e le karolo ya leano la eona la kgethollo ea morabe (apartheid).&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bantustan&lt;/ref&gt;

Lereo lena, le ileng la qala ho sebelisoa mafelong a dilemo tsa bo-1940 le entsae ka ho kopanya lentsoe &quot;Bantu&quot; (le bolelang &quot;batho&quot; ka dipuo tse ling tsa Se-Bantu) le &quot;-stan&quot; (e leng karolo ea lentsoe e bolelang &quot;naha&quot; ka Se-Persian le lipuong tse ling tse susumetsweng ke Se-Persian). Hamorao, le ile la nkwa e le lentsoe le nyelisang ke bahlahlobisisi ba bang ba mehopolo ea 'muso oa nako ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) mabapi le libaka tse bitsoang &quot;homelands&quot; (libaka tsa bolulo ba merabe e itseng). 'Muso oa Pretoria o ile oa theha libaka tse leshome tsa &quot;Bantustan&quot; Afrika Boroa, le tse ling tse leshome naheng ea haufi ea South West Africa (e neng e laoloa ke Afrika Boroa ka nako eo); sepheo e ne e le ho bokella ditho tsa di

Mmuso oa Afrika Borwa o phatlaladitse hore di-bantustans tse nnè tsa Afrika Borwa di ne di ikemetse - Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei (tse bitswang &quot;Linaha tsa TBVC&quot;), empa phatlalatso ena ha ya ka ya e-ba ea ananeloa ke mabotho a kgahlanong le kgethollo ea merabe Afrika Borwa kapa ke mmuso ofe kapa ofe wa matjhaba. Ba bang ba Bantustans (joalo ka KwaZulu, Lebowa le [[QwaQwa]]) ba ile ba fuoa &quot;boipuso&quot; empa ha ho mohla ba ileng ba fuoa &quot;tokoloho&quot;. Afrika Borwa-bophirimela, Ovamboland, Kavangoland le East Caprivi di ile tsa phatlalatswa e le dibaka tse ikemetseng, mme dinaha tse ding tse seng kae tse bonahalang e le tsa habo tsona ha dia ka tsa fusa boipuso. Molao-motheo wa nakwana o ile wa felisa Bantustans ka ho feletseng ka ho fediswa ha kgethollo ya merabe was Afrika Borwa ka selemo sa 1994.

== Pōpo ==
[[File:South_Africa_racial_map,_1979.gif|right|thumb|350x350px|Mmapa wa Afrika Borwa wa merabe le baahi o phatlalalitsoeng ke CIA ka selemo sa  1979 o nang le dintlha tse tsoang ho palo ya batho ya Afrika Borwa ya selemo sa ]]
Ho tloha ka selemo sa 1913, mebuso e latellanang ea Afrika Boroa e neng e busoa ke batho ba basoeu ba fokolang palo, e ile ea theha libaka tse khethehileng (tseo ho thoeng ke &quot;reserves&quot;) bakeng sa batho ba batšo e le ho ba arola ka morabe ho batho ba basoeu; sena se ne se tšoana le ho theoa ha libaka tse khethehileng tsa Matsoalloa a Amerika (Indian reservations) naheng ea United States. Molao oa Naha oa Matsoalloa (Natives Land Act) oa 1913 o ile oa lekanyetsa batho ba batšo ho ba le karolo ea 7 lekholong feela ea naha. Ka 1936, 'muso o ile oa rera ho eketsa karolo ena ho fihla ho 13.6 lekholong ea naha, empa ts'ebetso ea ho reka mobu e ile ea lieha 'me morero ona ha oa ka oa phethahatsoa ka botlalo.

Ha [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|Mokha oa Sechaba]] o fihla pusong ka 1948, Letona la Litaba tsa Baahi (le hamorao Letona-Kholo la Afrika Boroa) Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd o ile a haha ho tsoa ho sena, a hlahisa letoto la mehato ea &quot;ho khetholla batho ho tloha ho merabe e meng&quot; joalo ka Group Areas Acts le Natives Resettlement Act, 1954 e ileng ea fetola sechaba sa Afrika Boroa hore ba basoeu e be bongata ba baahi. Ho thehoa ha linaha tsa habo kapa li-bantustans e ne e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea leano lena, kaha sepheo sa nako e telele e ne e tla ba ho etsa hore li-bantustan li ikemele. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba batšo ba ne ba tla lahleheloa ke boahi ba bona ba Afrika Boroa le tokelo ea ho vouta, e leng se neng se tla lumella basoeu hore ba lule ba laola Afrika Boroa.

Lipampiri tsa litaba li rehile morero oa Mokha oa Nationalist lebitso la &quot;Bantustans&quot;. Lentsoe lena le kopaneng le fosahetse haholo ka litsela tse ngata. Le amana le karohano ea India—kamora hore Borithane ba tsamaee ka ho hloka boikemisetso, 'me e le e 'ngoe ea maemo a ts'ebetso eo—likarolong tse peli tse ikemetseng: Hindustan le Pakistan. Ha ho na papiso ea 'nete le litlhahiso tsa Mokha oa Nationalist, hobane (a) India le Pakistan ke linaha tse peli tse arohaneng ka botlalo le tse ikemetseng lipolotiking, (b) Mamosleme a na le litokelo tse lekanang India; Mahindu a na le litokelo tse lekanang Pakistan, (c) Karohano e ile ea hlahisoa le ho amoheloa ke mahlakore ka bobeli, kapa bonyane ke lihlopha tse kholo le tse nang le tšusumetso ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona. Merero ea 'Muso ha e rerelle ho arola naha ena likarolong tse ikemetseng le tse ipusang. Ha e rerelle ho fana ka litokelo tse lekanang, kapa litokelo tsa mofuta ofe kapa ofe, ho batho ba batšo ba lulang ka ntle ho libaka tse khethiloeng (li-reserve). Karohano ha ea ka ea amoheloa le ka mohla ke batho ba batšo, 'me e ke ke ea amoheloa le ka mohla. Ebile, ha ea ka ea hlahisoa kapa ea amoheloa ka botlalo ke batho ba basoeu. Ka hona, lentsoe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ke lebitso le fosahetseng ka botlalo, 'me le mpa le thusa feela Mokha oa Nationalist ho phethahatsa bolotsana.

: &lt;ref&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/homelands&lt;/ref&gt;Likoranta li ile tsa re morero oa Ba-Nationalist ke &quot;Bantustans&quot;. Ka litsela tse ngata lentsoe leo le khelosa haholo. E amana le ho aroloa ha India, ka mor'a ho tloha ha Brithani ka ho se tsotelle, le e le boemo ba eona, ho ba linaha tse peli tse arohaneng, Hindustan le Pakistan. Ha ho na ho tšoana ha sebele le litlhahiso tsa Machaba, kaha (a) India le Pakistan ke linaha tse peli tse ikemetseng ka ho feletseng le tse ikemetseng lipolotiking, (b) Mamosleme a thabela litokelo tse lekanang India; Mahindu a thabela litšoaneleho tse lekanang Pakistan, (c) Karohano e ile ea fanoa le ho amoheloa ke mekha ka bobeli, kapa bonyane likarolo tse ngata tse nang le tšusumetso ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Merero ea 'Muso ha e nahane ka ho arola naha ena ka linaha tse ikemetseng. Ha li na litokelo tse lekanang, kapa litokelo leha e le life, bakeng sa Maafrika a ka ntle ho libaka tsa polokelo. Ho arohana ha naha ha ho mohla ho kileng ha amoheloa ke Maafrika ebile ho ke ke ha e-ba joalo. Tabeng eo ha ho mohla e kileng ea fetisetsoa kapa ea amoheloa ke ba basoeu. Ka hona, lentsoe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ke lebitso le fosahetseng ka ho felletseng, mme le tloaetse feela ho thusa ba Bosetšhaba ho etsa bolotsana. 

Verwoerd o ile a pheha khang ea hore Mabantustans e ne e le &quot;malapeng a pele&quot; a batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa. Ka 1951, 'muso oa Daniel François Malan o ile oa hlahisa Molao oa Batho ba Banthu ho theha &quot;machaba&quot; a abetsoeng merabe e ntšo ea naha eo. Tsena li ne li lekana le 13% ea naha ea naha, 'me tse ling kaofela li ne li boloketsoe batho ba basoeu. Machaba a ne a busoa ke baeta-pele ba meloko ba sebelisanang, ha baeta-pe ba sa sebelisaneng ba ne ba tlosoa ka matla. Ha nako e ntse e ea, ho ile ha hlaha sehlopha se busang sa batho ba batšo se neng se thahasella ho sireletsa naha ea habo sona. Le hoja sena se ile sa thusa ho tsitsisa lipolotiki tsa linaha tsa habo bona ka tekanyo e itseng, boemo ba bona bo ne bo ntse bo itšetlehile ka ho feletseng ka tšehetso ea Afrika Boroa.&lt;ref&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/homelands&lt;/ref&gt;

Karolo ea libaka tsa batho ba batšo (tseo ho thoeng ke *homelands*) e ile ea atolosoa ka 1959 ka ho fetisoa ha Molao oa Puso ea Boipuso ba Batho ba Batšo (*Bantu Self-Government Act*), o ileng oa theha moralo o bitsoang &quot;Ntlafatso e Arohaneng&quot; (*Separate Development*). Sena se ile sa nolofalletsa libaka tsena ho itlhahisa ha nako e ntse e ea e le libaka tse ipusang, 'me qetellong e le linaha tse nkiloeng e le tse &quot;ikemetseng&quot; ka botlalo.

Ts'ebetso ena e ne e lokela ho finyelloa ka mehato e mene e meholo bakeng sa naha ka 'ngoe:

* Ho kopanya dibaka tsa polokelo tse behilweng ka thoko bakeng sa &quot;ditso&quot; tse sa tshwaneng (tse bitswang &quot;ditjhaba&quot; ka molao ho tloha ka selemo sa 1959) tlasa &quot;Bolaodi bo le bong ba Teritoriale&quot;
* Ho thehwa ha lekghotla la molao bakeng sa naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea habo e nang le matla a fokolang a ho ipusa
* Ho thehoa ha naha ya habo e le &quot;sebaka se ikemetseng&quot;
* Ho fana ka boipuso bo feletseng ba lebitso la naha ea habo

Ka kakaretso, ha ho mohla ho neng ho lateloa moralo ona ka tsela e hlakileng, empa hangata ho ne ho etswa mehato e mengata e bohareng le e fetang e le nngwwe.

Naha ya habo Transkei e ile ea sebetsa ka ditsela tse ngata e le &quot;sebaka sa teko&quot; bakeng sa maano a khethollo ea merabe; nts'etsopele ea eona ea mekhatlo e qalile pele ho molao wa selemo sa 1959, mme ka hona ho fihlella ha eona boipuso le boipuso ho ile ha kenngoa tshebetsong pele ho linaha tse ding tsa habo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/edited-volume/abs/pii/B9780444862419501020&lt;/ref&gt;

Morero ona o ile oa matlafatsoa tlas'a mohlahlami oa Verwoerd e le tonakholo, John Vorster, e le karolo ea mokhoa oa hae oa &quot;ho hlasimoloha&quot; oa khethollo ea morabe. Leha ho le joalo, sepheo sa 'nete sa leano lena e ne e le ho phethahatsa morero oa pele oa Verwoerd oa ho etsa hore batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa e be baahi ba linaha tsa habo bona ho fapana le ba Afrika Boroa - ka hona ho tlosa litokelo tse fokolang tseo ba neng ba ntse ba e-na le tsona e le baahi. Linaha tsa habo bona li ile tsa khothalletsoa ho khetha boipuso, kaha sena se ne se tla fokotsa palo ea baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa haholo. Ts'ebetso ea ho theha moralo oa molao oa morero ona e phethiloe ke Molao oa Boahi ba Linaha tsa Batho ba Batšo oa 1970, o ileng oa khetha Maafrika Boroa ohle a batšo e le baahi ba linaha tsa habo bona, leha ba ne ba lula &quot;Afrika Boroa e tšoeu&quot;, 'me oa hlakola boahi ba bona ba Afrika Boroa, le Molao oa Molao oa Motheo oa Linaha tsa Batho oa 1971, o faneng ka moralo o akaretsang oa mekhahlelo ea nts'etsopele ea molao oa motheo oa linaha tsohle tsa habo bona (ntle le Transkei) ho tloha ho thehoeng ha Bolaoli ba Libaka ho fihlela boipusong bo felletseng.

Ka selemo sa 1984, dinaha tsohle tse leshome tsa Afrika Boroa di ne di se li ikemetse mme tse mnè tsa tsona (Transkei, Boputhatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei) li ne li phatlalalitsoe ka botlalo pakeng tsa selemo sa  1976 le 1981.

Tafole e latelang e bontsha nako ya tswelo-pele ea litsi le ea molao ea Bantustans tse leshome tsa Afrika Boroa ho latela mehato e mene e ka hodimo e boletsweng:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!Naha ea habo
!Setjhaba/Sechaba
!Bolaoli ba tšimo&lt;br /&gt;
!Seboka sa Molao&lt;br /&gt;
!Boipuso&lt;br /&gt;
!Ho se ikarabelle ka lebitso&lt;br /&gt;
!Litokomane
|-
|Transkei
|Sesotho
|1956
|1963
|1963
|1976
|A forerunner of the Territorial Authority and the Legislative Assembly existed since 1931 under the name &quot;United Transkeian Territories General Council&quot;.[12]
|-
|Bophuthatswana
|Tswana
|1961
|1971
|1972
|1977
|The Territorial Authority established in 1961 was reorganised in 1968.[17]
|-
|Venda
|Venda
|1962
|1971
|1973
|1979
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[22]
|-
|Li-Ciskei
|Sesotho
|1961
|1971
|1972
|1981
|A forerunner of the Territorial Authority and the Legislative Assembly previously existed from 1934[27] to 1955[28] under the name &quot;Ciskeian General Council&quot;.The Territorial Authority established in 1961 was reorganised in 1968.[29]
|-
|Lebowa
|Northern Sotho (Pedi) 
|1962
|1971
|1972
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[33]
|-
|Gazankulu
|Tsonga (Shangane) 
|1962
|1971
|1973
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[38]
|-
|QwaQwa
|[[Basotho|Sotho e ka Boroa]]
|1969
|1971
|1974
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KwaZulu
|[[Mazulu|MaZulu]]
|1970
|1972
|1977
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KwaNdebele
|Ndebele
|1977
|1979
|1981
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KaNgwane
|Seswazi
|1976
|1977
|1984
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The homeland status was temporarily suspended between June and December 1982.[52]
|}
IKa nako e tšoanang le ho theoa ha libaka tsa batho ba batšo (tseo ho thoeng ke *homelands* kapa *Bantustans*), baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa ba ile ba qobelloa ho kenya letsoho lenaneong le leholo la ho fallisoa ka likhoka. Ho hakanngoa hore batho ba limilione tse 3.5 ba ile ba qobelloa ho tloha mahaeng a bona pakeng tsa lilemo tsa bo-1960 le bo-1980, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba ile ba isoa libakeng tsa *Bantustans*.&lt;ref&gt;https://southafrica-info.com/history/provinces-homelands-south-africa-1996/&lt;/ref&gt;

mMuso o ile wa hlakisa hore sepheo sa oona sa ho qetela e ne e le ho tlosa batho ba batsho Afrika Boroa ka ho feletseng. Connie Mulder, Letona la Dikamano le Ntsshetsopele ya Batho ba Bangata, o ile a bolella Ntlo ea Kopano ka la 7 Hlakola  1978:
 
Empa morero ona ha oa ka oa finyelloa. Ke karolo e nyane feela (e ka bang 39% ka 1986 ) ea baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa e neng e lula Bantustans; ba setseng ba ne ba lula Afrika Boroa ka boeona, ba bangata ba lula litoropo, litoropong tsa mahaeng le libakeng tse tlase tse ka ntle ho metse ea Afrika Boroa.

== Ho amoheloa ha machabeng ==
Libaka tsa Bantustan tse ka hare ho meeli ea Afrika Boroa li ne li khetholloa e le tse &quot;ipusang&quot; kapa tse &quot;ikemetseng&quot;. Ka khopolo, libaka tsa Bantustan tse ipusang li ne li e-na le taolo holim'a likarolo tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ea ka hare, empa li ne li e-so be lichaba tse ikemetseng ka botlalo. Libaka tsa Bantustan tse ikemetseng (e leng Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Ciskei; tse tsejoang hape e le linaha tsa TBVC) li ne li reretsoe ho ba tse ikemetseng ka botlalo. Leha ho le joalo, libaka tsena li ne li sa hlokomeloa haholo ke mebuso ea bokolone hammoho le mebuso ea hamorao ea Afrika Boroa, 'me li ne li ntse li sa tsoela pele ho hang. Boemo bona bo ile ba fokotsa haholo bokhoni ba linaha tsena ba ho ipusa, 'me ba etsa hore li itšetlehe haholo ka 'muso oa Afrika Boroa.

Ho pholletsa le boteng ba Ma-Bantustan a ikemetseng, Afrika Boroa e ile ea lula e le eona feela naha e ananelang boipuso ba bona. 'Muso oa Afrika Boroa o ile oa etsa boipiletso ba hore ba ananeloe. Ka 1976, ho isa qetong ea Ntlo ea Baemeli ea United States e khothalletsang Mopresidente hore a se ke a ananela Transkei, 'muso oa Afrika Boroa o ile oa etsa boipiletso bo matla ho baetsi ba molao ho hanyetsa molao ona.[1] Matšoao a mohala oa seea-le-moea a sa amoheloeng a ile a etsoa bakeng sa linaha tse ikemetseng 'me likarete tsa QSL li ile tsa romelloa ke basebetsi ba li sebelisang, empa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Lipuisano ha oa ka oa amohela liteishene tsena e le tse molaong.[2] Naha ka 'ngoe ea TBVC e ile ea atolosa kananelo ho Ma-Bantustan a mang a ikemetseng ha Afrika Boroa e bontša boitlamo ba eona khopolong ea boipuso ba TBVC ka ho haha ​​​​maemeli metseng e meholo ea TBVC.

== Bophelo ba Bantustans ==
Ka kakaretso, libaka tsa Bantustan li ne li futanehile 'me li e-na le menyetla e fokolang ea mesebetsi ea sebakeng seo.[1] Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho e-na le menyetla e meng ea tsoelo-pele bakeng sa batho ba batšo, hape ho ile ha e-ba le tsoelo-pele thutong le meralong ea motheo.[2] Libaka tse 'nè tsa Bantustan tse ileng tsa fumana boipuso ba lebitso feela (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Ciskei) li ile tsa hlakola melao eohle ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid).

Melao yaa Bantustans e ne e fapane le ya Afrika Boroa. Sehlopha sa Afrika Boroa se ne se atisa ho sebelisa meeli ena hampe, mohlala ka ho haha di-casino tse kholo, joalo ka Sun City naheng ea habo Bophuthatswana. 

yaBophuthatswana e ne e boetse e na le di-depositi tsa platinamo le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhaho, tse ileng tsa e etsa morui ka ho fetisisa ho Bantustans. 

== Lintho tse ileng tsa etsahala hamorao ==
Ka Pherekhong 1985, Mopresidente oa Naha P. W. Botha o ile a phatlalatsa hore batho ba batšo ba lulang ka hare ho naha ea Afrika Boroa ba ke ke ba hlola ba amohuoa boahi ba Afrika Boroa molemong oa boahi ba li-Bantustan, le hore baahi ba batšo ba lulang li-Bantustan tse ikemetseng ba ka etsa kopo hape ea ho fumana boahi ba Afrika Boroa; nakong ea likhetho tsa naha tsa 1987, F. W. de Klerk o ile a bua lebitsong la National Party a re: &quot;Boiteko bo bong le bo bong ba ho thibela phallo [ea basebetsi ba batšo] ba kenang libakeng tsa litoropo bo hlolehile. Ha ho na thuso ho iphetisa ka taba ena. Moruo o hloka hore bongata ba batho ba batšo bo lule ka ho sa feleng libakeng tsa litoropo... Ba ke ke ba lula Afrika Boroa selemo le selemo ba se na boemeli ba lipolotiki.&quot;[1] Ka Hlakubele 1990, de Klerk—ea ileng a hlahlama Botha joaloka Mopresidente oa Naha ka 1989—o ile a phatlalatsa hore mmuso oa hae o ke ke oa fana ka boipuso ho li-Bantustan tse ding hape.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.972mag.com/apartheid-bantustans-palestinian-statehood/&lt;/ref&gt;

Leha ho le jwalo, dipolelo tsena ha lia ka tsa bolelwa e le ho hana tsamaiso ea Bantustan ka kakaretso: sepheo sa puso ya kgethollo ea merabe nakong ea halofo ea bobeli ea bo-1980 e ne e le ho &quot;matlafatsa&quot; moralo oa mokhatlo wa khethollo ea morabe ha o ntse o siea melao-motheo ea oona ea motheo, ho kenyeletsoa le linaha tsa habo bona, e sa fetohe.

Mmuso o ile oa qobelloa ho amohela boteng bo sa feleng ba batho ba batšo libakeng tsa litoropo, hammoho le ho hlokomela hore mekhoa e neng e le matla haholo ea pele ea ho laola phallo ea batho (eo joale e ileng ea nkeloa sebaka ke mekhoa e bonolo haholoanyane) e ne e ke ke ea sebetsa; ho sa buuoa le ka taba ea hore ho ne ho ke ke ha khoneha ho falla le ho isa batho bohle ba batšo libakeng tse khethiloeng tsa merabe ea bona (li-&quot;homelands&quot;), esita le nakong e telele e tlang. Mmuso o ne o tšepile ho khutsisa baahi ba batšo ba litoropong ka ho rala meralo e fapaneng ea ho ba fa litokelo tse lekanyelitsoeng maemong a lehae (empa e seng maemong a holimo a puso). Ho feta moo, libaka tsa bolulo litoropong (le mahaeng) li ile tsa lula li arohantsoe ho latela morabe, ho ea ka Molao oa Libaka tsa Merabe (Group Areas Act).

Molao-motheo oa &quot;ntlafatso e arohaneng&quot; o ile oa tsoela pele ho sebetsa, 'me puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ea tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libaka tsa batho ba batšo (Bantustans) e le e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa mantlha tsa leano la eona la ho sebetsana le baahi ba batšo. Ho fihlela ka 1990, ho ile ha tsoelo-pele ho etsoa boiteko ba ho khothaletsa libaka tsena tse ipusang hore li nke qeto ea ho fumana boipuso (mohlala, Lebowa, Gazankulu le KwaZulu), 'me ka linako tse ling, mebuso ea libaka tsena tse ipusang (mohlala, KwaNdebele) ka boyona e ile ea bontša thahasello ea ho fumana boipuso nakong e tlang.

Ho ile ha boela ha nahanoa ka hara mekgatlo ea [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|Mokga wa Setjhaba]] o busang ho theha mekhatlo e eketsehileng e ikemetseng ea lebitso libakeng tsa litoropo ka mokhoa oa &quot;metse-motse&quot; e ikemetseng e ntsho.

Molao-motheo oa &quot;ntlafatso e arohaneng&quot; o ile oa tsoela pele ho sebetsa, 'me puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ea tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libaka tsa batho ba batsho (Bantustans) e le e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa mantlha tsa leano la eona la ho sebetsana le baahi ba batšo. Ho fihlela ka 1990, ho ile ha tsoelo-pele ho etsoa boiteko ba ho khothaletsa libaka tsena tse ipusang hore li nke qeto ea ho fumana boipuso (mohlala, Lebowa, Gazankulu le KwaZulu), 'me ka linako tse ling, mebuso ea libaka tsena tse ipusang (mohlala, KwaNdebele) ka boyona e ile ea bontša thahasello ea ho fumana boipuso nakong e tlang.

Ho tloha ka 1990 ho isa ho 1994, mehopolo ena ea &quot;mokhatlo oa linaha tse ikemetseng&quot; (confederation) e ne e ntse e tšehetsoa ka molao-motheo ke likarolo tse kholo tsa National Party (hammoho le mekha e meng le lihlopha tsa bahanyetsi ba basoeu ba nang le maikutlo a tokoloho), empa motheo oa eona o neng o thehiloe pepenene khethollong ea morabe o ile oa qala ho fela butle-butle nakong ea lipuisano tsa ho felisa apartheid, 'me tlhokomelo ea fetoha ho sireletseng &quot;litokelo tsa lihlopha tse nyane&quot; (haholo-holo baahi ba basoeu) ka mor'a hore ho lebelletsoe ho fetisetsoa ha matla ho bongata ba batho ba batšo. Merero ea tsamaiso ea federal (federalist plans) e ile ea boela ea fumana tšehetso ho mebuso le mekha e meng ea libaka tsa batho ba batšo (li-homeland), haholo-holo Inkatha Freedom Party, e neng e le mokha o busang KwaZulu. Empa kaha haholo-holo African National Congress e ile ea hlakisa hore melao-motheo ea &quot; motho a le mong - voutu e le 'ngoe&quot; le ea naha e kopaneng (unitary state) e ne e sa buisanoe ka eona, qetellong merero ea mofuta oa confederation e ile ea lahloa. Ka lebaka la sena, Inkatha Freedom Party e ile ea sokela ho hana ho nka karolo likhethong tsa naha tsa Mmesa 1994 tse ileng tsa felisa apartheid, 'me ea etsa qeto ea ho nka karolo motsotsong oa ho qetela feela ka mor'a hore ho etsoe litumellano tse ba khotsofatsang, hammoho le ho National Party e neng e ntse e busa le lihlopha tse 'maloa tsa bahanyetsi ba basoeu.[1]

Nakong e lebisitseng dikeethong tsa 1994, baetapele ba mmaloa linaheng tse ikemetseng le tse ikemetseng (mohlala Boputhatswana), ba neng ba sa batle ho tela matla a bona, ba ile ba hanyetsa ka matla ho qhaqhoa ha Bantustans mme, ka ho etsa joalo, ba fumana tšehetso ho tsoa mekhatlong e tšoeu ea ho loka, likarolo tsa sesole sa naha sa apartheid le lihlopha tse matla tsa pro-apartheid tse kang Afrikaner Weerstands movement.

== Ho qhibiliha ==
Ka ho oa ha puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) Afrika Boroa ka 1994, libaka tsohle tsa Bantustan (e leng tse neng li nkuoa li ikemetse le tse neng li ipusa) li ile tsa qhaloa 'me libaka tsa tsona tsa khutlisetsoa ka hare ho Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa ho qala ka la 27 Mmesa 1994 (e leng letsatsi leo ka lona Molao-motheo oa Nako ea Phetoho, o ileng oa felisa khethollo ea morabe ka molao, o ileng oa qala ho sebetsa le moo likhetho tsa pele tsa demokrasi li ileng tsa qala teng) ho latela karolo ea 1(2) le Lenane la 1 la Molao-motheo oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa, 1993 (&quot;Molao-motheo oa Nako ea Phetoho&quot;).[1]

Bohato ba ho finyella sena bo ile ba etelletsoa pele ke [[African National Congress]] (ANC) e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea lenaneo la eona la liphetoho. Ho kenngoa hape ho ile ha finyelloa ka tsela e nang le khotso, le hoja ho ne ho e-na le khanyetso e itseng ho tsoa ho lihlopha tsa batho ba moo, ba ileng ba lahleheloa ke menyetla ea leruo le matla a lipolotiki a fanoang ke linaha tsa habo bona. Ho qhaqhoa ha linaha tsa Bophuthatswana le Ciskei ho ne ho le thata haholo. Ciskei, mabotho a tšireletso a Afrika Boroa a ile a tlameha ho kenella ka March 1994 ho felisa koluoa ea dipolotiki.

Ho tloha ka selemo sa 1994, likarolo tse ngata tsa naha li ile tsa aroloa bocha ka molao-motheo [[Diporofensi tsa Afrika Borwa|liprofinse]] tse ncha.

Leha ho le joalo, baetapele ba bangata ba libaka tseo ho thoeng ke 'Bantustans' kapa 'Homelands' (libaka tse neng li behiloe ka thoko bakeng sa batho ba batšo nakong ea khethollo ea morabe) ba bile le karolo lipolotiking tsa Afrika Boroa ho tloha ha libaka tseo li qhaloa. Ba bang ba ile ba kenya mekhatlo ea bona likhethong tsa pele tse neng li sa khetholle ka morabe, ha ba bang ba ile ba ikopanya le mokhatlo oa ANC. Mangosuthu Buthelezi e ne e le Tonakholo ea sebaka sa habo sa KwaZulu ho tloha ka 1976 ho isa ho 1994. Afrika Boroa ea kamora nako ea khethollo ea morabe, o sebelitse e le mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa Inkatha Freedom Party le Letona la Litaba tsa Lehae. Bantubonke Holomisa, eo e neng e le general sebakeng sa Transkei ho tloha ka 1987, o sebelitse e le mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa United Democratic Movement ho tloha ka 1997. General Constand Viljoen, e leng Mo-Afrikaner ea neng a sebeletsa e le molaoli oa Sesole sa Afrika Boroa (South African Defence Force), o ile a romela masole a hae a ka bang 1,500 ho ea sireletsa Lucas Mangope le ho hanyetsa ho felisoa ha Bophuthatswana e le sebaka se ikemetseng ka 1994. O ile a theha mokhatlo oa Freedom Front ka 1994. Lucas Mangope, eo e neng e le moetapele oa morabe oa Motsweda Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane oa batho ba Tswana le hlooho ea Bophuthatswana, ke mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa United Christian Democratic Party, e leng mokhatlo o nkoang e le tsoelo-pele ea mokhatlo o neng o busa sebaka seo sa habo. Oupa Gqozo, e leng moetapele oa ho qetela oa Ciskei, o ile a kenya mokhatlo oa hae oa African Democratic Movement likhethong tsa 1994 empa a sa atleha. Mokhatlo oa Dikwankwetla, o neng o busa Qwaqwa, o ntse o e-na le tšusumetso khanseleng ea Maluti a Phofung moo e leng mokhatlo o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa bohanyetsi. Mokhatlo oa Ximoko, o neng o busa Gazankulu, o na le boteng pusong ea lehae ea Giyani. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, eo e neng e le Tonakholo ea KwaNdebele, George Mahlangu, le ba bang ba ile ba theha mokhatlo oa Sindawonye Progressive Party, e leng o mong oa mekhatlo e meholo ea bohanyetsi ho la Thembisile Hani Local Municipality le Dr JS Moroka Local Municipality (dibaka tse akaretsang sebaka seo e neng e le 'homeland' pele).

== Lethathamo la Bantustans ==

=== Ba-bantustane Afrika Borwa ===
[[File:Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|mMapa wa dibaka tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batšo Afrika Boroa qetellong ea khethollo ea merabe ka 1994]]
Dinaha tsa habo tsona di thathamisitsoe ka tlase le sehlopha sa merabe seo naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea habo eona e khethiloeng ho sona. Tse 'nè li ne li ikemetse ka lebitso (tse bitswang linaha tsa TBVC tsa Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei). Tse ding tse tsheletseng di ne di e-na le boipuso bo fokolang:

==== Litaba tsa lipopi ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo
!Sehlopha sa batho
!Lilemo tsa boipuso&lt;br /&gt;
!Lilemo tsa boipuso tse boletsoeng&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Transkei
|Umtata
|Sesotho
|1963[1]–1976
|1976
|-
|Bophuthatswana
|
|Tswana
|1972[4]–1977
|1977
|-
|Venda
|
|Venda
|1973[6]–1979
|1979
|-
|Li-Ciskei
|
|Sesotho
|1972[8]–1981
|1981
|}

==== Mekgatlo e ikemetseng ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo
!Setjhaba
!Lilemo
|-
|Lebowa
|[[Lebowakgomo]] (1974-1994) Sesego (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1974) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1974)
|Northern Sotho (Pedi) 
|1972
|-
|Gazankulu
|[[Giyani]]
|Tsonga (Shangane) 
|1973
|-
|QwaQwa
|[[Phuthaditjhaba]] (ho fihlela ka 1974 e ne e bitsoa Witsieshoek) (until 1974 called Witsieshoek)
|[[Basotho|Sotho e ka Boroa]]
|1974
|-
|KwaZulu
|Ulundi (1980-1994) Nongoma (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1980) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1980)
|[[Mazulu|MaZulu]]
|1977
|-
|KwaNdebele
|KwaMhlanga (1986-1994) Siyabuswa (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1986) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1986)
|Ndebele
|1981
|-
|KaNgwane
|Louieville Schoemansdal (ka nakoana, ho fihlela bohareng ba bo-1980) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until the mid-1980s)
|Seswazi
|1984
|}
Bantustan ea pele e ne e le Transkei, e etelletsweng pele ke Moemphera e Moholo Daliwonga Matanzima Profinseng ea Cape bakeng sa setjhaba sa Xhosa. KwaZulu, e leng sechaba sa MaZulu se Profinse ea Natal, se ne se etelletswe pele ke setho sa Lelapa la borena la Mazulu hlooho Mangosuthu (&quot;Gatsha&quot;) Buthelezi ka lebitso la morena wa MaZulu.

[[Lesotho]] le [[Eswatini]] (eo pele e neng e tsejwa e le Swaziland) e ne e se batho ba Bantustans; e ne e le dinaha tse ikemetseng le tse neng di le mebuso ea Brithani. Dinaha tsena di pota-potilwe haholo-holo kapa ka ho feletseng ke naha ya Afrika Borwa mme di itshetlehile ka ho feletseng ka Afrika Borwa. Ha ho mohla ba kileng ba itshetleha ka dipolotiki ka tsela ea molao ka Afrika Borwa mme ba ile ba amohelwa e le linaha tse ikemetseng ke sechaba sa matjhaba ho tloha ha ba fuwa boipuso ba bona ke UK ka bo-1960.

=== Ba-Bantustane Afrika BorWa-bophirimela ===

==== Matjhaba ====
 
[[File:Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg|thumb|'Mmapa wa dibaka tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho tsa [[Namibia]] ho tloha ka 1978]]
Lilemong tsa bo-1960, Afrika Borwa—e neng e laola South West Africa tlas’a taelo ea Mokhatlo oa Lichaba (League of Nations)—e ile ea tobana le khatello e ntseng e eketseha ea machaba mabapi le puso ea eona ea batho ba basoeu (ba neng ba le mmalonyana) holim’a bongata ba batho ba batšo. Tharollo eo Afrika Borwa e neng e e rerile—e leng Moralo oa Odendaal—e ne e le ho arola batho ba basoeu le bao e seng basoeu, ho fa libaka tsa batho ba batšo tse arohaneng boipuso, e le hore ka tsela eo, batho ba basoeu e be bona ba bangata karolong e kholo e setseng ea naha. Ho feta moo, ho ne ho nahanoa hore ka ho arola lihlopha tsa merabe le ho qobella batho ka molao hore ba lule libakeng tse khethiloeng bakeng sa bona, khethollo ea morabe e ne e tla nyamela ka boeona.Moralo oa Odendaal o ile oa bululeloa, karolong e 'ngoe, ke litsebi tsa thuto ea batho (anthropologists) tsa Afrika Borwa.

Dibaka tse neng li khethiloe li ne li bitsoa ''li-bantustans'', 'me karolo e setseng ea naha e ne e bitsoa Police Zone. Ka mor'a moo, batho bohle bao e seng ba basoeu ba neng ba sebetsa sebakeng sa mapolesa ba ile ba fetoha ''basebetsi ba bajaki'', 'me ho ile ha thehoa melao ea ho fetisetsa mokhatlo oa mapolesa ho ea le ho tsoa bantustans. 

Sebaka se kopaneng sa batho bohle ba bantustan se ne se lekana le sebaka sa mapolesa. Leha ho le jwalo, batho bohle ba bantustans ba ne ba le mahaeng haholo mme ba sa kenyeletswe metseng e meholo. Dikou tsohle, boholo ba marang-rang a terene le meralo ea ditsela e nang le tarred, boema-fofane bohle bo boholo, libaka tse ruisang haholo tsa taemane le dirapeng tsa boikgathollo tsa naha di ne di le sebakeng sa Sepolesa.

Ho qala ka selemo sa 1968,ho latela likhothaletso tsa 1964 tse tsoang ho khomishene e neng e etelletsoe pele ke Fox Odendaal, ho ile ha theooa libaka tse leshome tsa bolulo ba merabe (tse tsejoang e le *homelands*) tse tšoanang le tse neng li le Afrika Boroa, sebakeng sa South West Africa (eo kajeno e leng Namibia). Lentswe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ha le nepahale hantle tabeng ena, kaha a mang a merabe e amehang e ne e le ea batho ba Khoisan, e seng ba Bantu, mme boemo ba batho ba Rehoboth Basters bo ne bo rarahane. Hara dibaka tsena tse leshome tsa bodulo ba merabe tsa South West Africa, ke tse tharo feela tse ileng tsa fuoa boipuso (bo tshwanang le ba li-Bantustan tsa Afrika Borwa) pakeng tsa 1973 le 1976.

==== Mekhatlo e Ts'oanang ====
Ka Phupu 1980, tsamaiso e ile ea fetoloa ho ba ea mebuso e arohaneng (&quot;makala a emelang batho&quot;) e sebetsang joalo ka likarolo tsa tsamaiso tsa boemo ba bobeli (tse ikarabellang litabeng tse kang kabo ea mobu, temo, thuto ho fihlela boemong ba koetliso ea matichere a likolo tsa mathomo, litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle, hammoho le litšebeletso tsa boiketlo ba sechaba le penshene) ho latela morabe feela, eseng libaka tse hlalositsoeng ka meeli ea sebaka. Ho latela meaho ea tsamaiso e neng e se e ntse e le teng ho tloha ka 1925 le 1962, ho ile ha theoa makala a emelang batho bakeng sa lihlopha tsa batho ba basoeu[2] le ba Coloured[3]. Ha ho na makala a joalo a emelang batho a ileng a theoa bakeng sa batho ba merabe ea Himba le San (ba lulang haholo libakeng tseo e neng e le mahae a bona a khale a Kaokoland le Bushmanland).

Mebuso ena ea boemo ba bobeli e thehiloeng merabeng e ile ea emisoa tšebetsong ka Mots'eanong 1989, qalong ea nako ea phetoho e lebisang boipusong, 'me ea hlakoloa ka molao ka la 21 Hlakubele 1990 (letsatsi leo Namibia e ileng ea fumana boipuso ka lona) ho latela Lenane la 8 la Molao-motheo oa Namibia.[1] Ba-Baster ba ile ba leka ka matla empa ba hlōleha ho boloka boemo ba boipuso ba Rehoboth—e leng sebaka se neng se e-na le boipuso nakong ea puso ea Jeremane—hammoho le Basterland. Sebakeng seo pele e neng e le Bantustan ea East Caprivi, batho ba tšehetsang boipuso ba sechaba sa Lozi ba ile ba qala boiteko bo sa atlehang ba ho loantša 'muso ka 1999, ba batla ho ikarola ho Namibia le ho fumana boipuso.

Naha e libakeng tsa Bantustan e ile ea oela mmusong oa Namibia, 'me kajeno e bitsoa &quot;Lifapha tsa Sechaba&quot;.

==== Matjhaba (ho fihlela 1980) / Baemeli ba 'Muso (1980-1989/1990) ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo 
!Boholo ba moloko o emeloang
!Lekhotla la Molao le thehiloe
!Boipuso
!Lilemo tsa Bolaoli bo Ikemetseng
|-
|Linaha tsa Ovamboland
|Likhomo tsa limela
|Ovambo
|1968
|1973
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Kavangoland
|Rundu
|Kavango
|1970
|1973
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Bochabela ba Caprivi
|Katima Mulilo
|Lozi
|1972
|1976
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Namaland|Naha ea Namaland]]
|Keetmanshoop
|Nama
|1976
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Rehoboth
|Rehoboth
|Baster
|1977
|—
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Damaraland
|Li-Welwitschia
|Damara
|1977
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Hereroland]]
|Okakarara
|Herero
|—
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Tswanaland]]
|Li-aminois
|Tswana
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Bushmanland (South West Africa)|Naha ea Bushman]]
|Tsumkwe
|San
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|—
|-
|Kaokoland
|Ohopoho
|Himba
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|—
|}

== Tshebediso maemong a seng Afrika Borwa ==
Lentswe &quot;bantustan&quot; le fetohile lentswe le akaretsang ho supa ka kutlwisiso e nyatsang sebaka sefe kapa sefe moo batho ba qobellwang ho phela ntle le ditokelo tse felletseng tsa setjhaba le dipolotiki. 

=== Palestina ===
Botjhabela bo Hare, dibaka tsa Mapalestina tse ka hare ho West Bank le Gaza Strip hangata li hlalosoa e le &quot;bantustans&quot; ke ba nyatsang maano a Iseraele libakeng tsa Mapalestina.[1] Lentsoe lena le sebelisoa ho bolela libaka tse reriloeng West Bank bakeng sa Mapalestina tlas'a litlhahiso tse fapaneng tse etelletsoeng pele ke U.S. le Iseraele ho rarolla khohlano lipakeng tsa Iseraele le Palestina, kapa ho bolela &quot;lihlekehleke&quot; tse 165 tse seng li ntse li le teng—tse ileng tsa hlaha ka molao e le Libaka tsa A le B tlas'a Tumellano ea Oslo II ea 1995. Merero ea khotso ea Iseraele le U.S.—ho kenyeletsoa Morero oa Allon, morero oa Drobles oa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Zionist, morero oa Menachem Begin, morero oa Benjamin Netanyahu oa &quot;Allon Plus&quot;, Seboka sa Camp David sa 2000, le pono ea Sharon ea naha ea Palestina—li ile tsa sisinya hore ho be le libaka tse arohaneng (tse kang li-enclave),[108][109] joalo ka ha morero oa khotso oa Trump oa 2020 le oona o entse. Sena se ile sa nyatsoa e le &quot;khetho ea Bantustan&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sebakeng sa subcontinent ea India, mmuso oa Sinhalese oa Sri Lanka o qositsoe ka ho fetola libaka tsa batho ba merabe ea Tamil hore e be &quot;li-bantustan&quot;.[1] Lentsoe lena le boetse le sebelisitsoe ho hlalosa maemo a bophelo ba batho ba sehlopha sa Dalit naheng ea India.

[[Nigeria]], mobishopo wa K'hatholike Matthew Hassan Kukah o bua ka boroa ba Kaduna State e le &quot;Bantustan e lenngwe e kgolo ea tlhokomeliso ea mmuso&quot;.

[[Canada]] le [[United States|Dinaheng tse Kppaneng tsa Amerikas]], dibaka tsa polokelo ea Maindia le libaka tsa poloko ea Maindie hangata li bapisoa le Bantustans ka lebaka la kamano e arolelanoeng lipakeng tsa ditsheebetso tsa khethollo ea merabe ya linaha tseo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Bona hape ==

* Letswai
* Dihlekehleke tsa Palestina, tseo hangata di bitswang bantustans
* Dibaka Tsa Bohlweki
* Dikgetho tsa Maori
* [[Kgethollo ya merabe|Boemo ba kgethollo ya merabe]]
* Molao wa Boahi wa Mabatowa a Bantu, 1970
* Ho arohana ka morabe
* Volkstaat
* Passport ya ka hare
* Ho hlwekisa merabe
* Bolaodi ba ho fallisetsa dinaheng tse ding
* Ditumellano tsa Oslo
* Hamastan

== Ditlhaloso ==

[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Setsing,Qwaqwa</title>
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      <id>41823</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-09T21:52:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ phoso</comment>
      <origin>41823</origin>
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      <text bytes="3848" sha1="bz18vu3x3s3ylk518askbf7zda935kh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 02.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent,Setsing,Qwaqwa]]
'''Setsing''' ke sebaka se [[Phuthaditjhaba]] (eo pele e neng e bitswa [[QwaQwa]] kapa Witsieshoek), Foreisetata, [[Afrika Borwa]]. Phuthaditjhaba e maralleng a Maluti, karolong ya Drakensberg.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Vukile's Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre gets R340 million major redevelopment|url=https://www.crown.co.za/latest-news/construction-world-latest-news/5048-vukile-s-maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-gets-r340-million-major-redevelopment|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsing e se e tsejwa haholo ka Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre, eo pele e neng e bitswa ''Setsing Crescent''.

== Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ==
Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ke setsi sa mabenkele se Phuthaditjhaba, Foreisetata. Pele se ne se bitswa Setsing Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Setsing Crescent transforms into Maluti Crescent|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/projects-and-contracts/6898-setsing-crescent-transforms-into-maluti-crescent|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntjhafatso le katoloso ===
Setsi se ile sa nchafatsoa le ho atolosoa ke Vukile Property Fund, e ileng ea se fumana ha e reka lintho tsa mabenkele tsa Synergy Income Fund e neng e le teng pele.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Moralo o entsoe ke MDS Architecture, ho hahile Concor Buildings, 'me Flanagan &amp; Gerard e ne e le mohlahisi le moetsi oa litumellano tsa ho hirisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=New Maluti Crescent to open on 21 March|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/property/9068-new-maluti-crescent-to-open-on-21-march|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mosebetsi o qalile ka January 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent project in South Africa is well under way|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2018/07/maluti-crescent-project-in-south-africa-is-well-under-way/|publisher=Construction Review|date=July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 03.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre]]
Merero ena e fetotse setsi ho tloha mabenkeleng a bolelele a mohala o le mong ho ba mall e koetsoeng. Kamora katoloso, boholo ba setsi bo ne bo tla ba ka 34 360 m².&lt;ref name=&quot;l2b&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Featured Project: Maluti Crescent Redevelopment – Building|url=https://nxt.l2b.co.za/blog/8455-2|publisher=L2B Insights}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tjhelete ya ntlafatso e boletsoe e ka ba R400 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

=== Moralo ===
Mokhabiso oa kantle le liheleng tsa ho kena o ile oa susumetsoa ke majoe a lehlabathe a lithaba tsa Maluti.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt; Ka hare, ho ile ha rerelloa ho kenyelletsa litšupiso tsa setso sa Basotho, ho kenyeletsoa lintho tse nyenyane tse fanyehiloeng tse susumetsoang ke mokorotlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot; /&gt; Bahoebi ba sa hlophisoang le bona ba ile ba kenyelletsoa moralong.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt;

=== Taxi rank le ho bulwa ===
Setsi sa pele sa lithekisi sa mofuta oo sebakeng sena se ile sa qala ho sebetsa ka 29 November 2018, ka lebaka la tumellano pakeng tsa lekhotla la lehae, Qwa Qwa United Taxi Association le Maluti Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;creamer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre Phase 1 complete|url=https://newsletter.en.creamermedia.com/article/maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-phase-1-complete-2018-12-14|publisher=Creamer Media|date=14 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsi se ile sa buloa ka molao ka 21 March 2019, 'me se ile sa e-ba setsi se seholohali sa mabenkele Phuthaditjhaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

=== Mabenkele ===
Katoloso e kentse Pick n Pay e le setsi sa bobeli sa lijo.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Ho tsoa lik'hamphani tse ncha ho Phuthaditjhaba ho bile ho ena le McDonald's le Nando's.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

== Litšupiso ==
{{reflist}}[[Sehlopha:Phuthaditjhaba]] [[Sehlopha:Libaka tsa Free State]] [[Sehlopha:Litsi tsa mabenkele Afrika Boroa]]{{Stub}}</text>
      <sha1>bz18vu3x3s3ylk518askbf7zda935kh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>41824</id>
      <parentid>41823</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T21:54:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ntjhafatso le katoloso */</comment>
      <origin>41824</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3852" sha1="obe0mlmm8cs5qh4ihbr7a4qb8fyv35n" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 02.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent,Setsing,Qwaqwa]]
'''Setsing''' ke sebaka se [[Phuthaditjhaba]] (eo pele e neng e bitswa [[QwaQwa]] kapa Witsieshoek), Foreisetata, [[Afrika Borwa]]. Phuthaditjhaba e maralleng a Maluti, karolong ya Drakensberg.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Vukile's Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre gets R340 million major redevelopment|url=https://www.crown.co.za/latest-news/construction-world-latest-news/5048-vukile-s-maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-gets-r340-million-major-redevelopment|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsing e se e tsejwa haholo ka Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre, eo pele e neng e bitswa ''Setsing Crescent''.

== Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ==
Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ke setsi sa mabenkele se Phuthaditjhaba, Foreisetata. Pele se ne se bitswa Setsing Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Setsing Crescent transforms into Maluti Crescent|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/projects-and-contracts/6898-setsing-crescent-transforms-into-maluti-crescent|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntjhafatso le katoloso ===
Setsi se ile sa ntjhafatswa le ho atoloswa ke Vukile Property Fund, e ileng ya se fumana ha e reka dintho tsa mabenkele tsa Synergy Income Fund e neng e le teng pele.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Moralo o entsoe ke MDS Architecture, ho hahile Concor Buildings, mme Flanagan &amp; Gerard e ne e le mohlahisi le moetsi wa ditumellano tsa ho hirisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=New Maluti Crescent to open on 21 March|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/property/9068-new-maluti-crescent-to-open-on-21-march|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mosebetsi o qadile ka Pherekgong 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent project in South Africa is well under way|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2018/07/maluti-crescent-project-in-south-africa-is-well-under-way/|publisher=Construction Review|date=July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 03.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre]]
Merero ena e fetotse setsi ho tloha mabenkeleng a bolelele a mohala o le mong ho ba mall e kwetsweng. Kamora katoloso, boholo ba setsi bo ne bo tla ba ka 34 360 m².&lt;ref name=&quot;l2b&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Featured Project: Maluti Crescent Redevelopment – Building|url=https://nxt.l2b.co.za/blog/8455-2|publisher=L2B Insights}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tjhelete ya ntlafatso e boletswe e ka ba R400 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

=== Moralo ===
Mokhabiso oa kantle le liheleng tsa ho kena o ile oa susumetsoa ke majoe a lehlabathe a lithaba tsa Maluti.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt; Ka hare, ho ile ha rerelloa ho kenyelletsa litšupiso tsa setso sa Basotho, ho kenyeletsoa lintho tse nyenyane tse fanyehiloeng tse susumetsoang ke mokorotlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot; /&gt; Bahoebi ba sa hlophisoang le bona ba ile ba kenyelletsoa moralong.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt;

=== Taxi rank le ho bulwa ===
Setsi sa pele sa lithekisi sa mofuta oo sebakeng sena se ile sa qala ho sebetsa ka 29 November 2018, ka lebaka la tumellano pakeng tsa lekhotla la lehae, Qwa Qwa United Taxi Association le Maluti Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;creamer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre Phase 1 complete|url=https://newsletter.en.creamermedia.com/article/maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-phase-1-complete-2018-12-14|publisher=Creamer Media|date=14 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsi se ile sa buloa ka molao ka 21 March 2019, 'me se ile sa e-ba setsi se seholohali sa mabenkele Phuthaditjhaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

=== Mabenkele ===
Katoloso e kentse Pick n Pay e le setsi sa bobeli sa lijo.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Ho tsoa lik'hamphani tse ncha ho Phuthaditjhaba ho bile ho ena le McDonald's le Nando's.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

== Litšupiso ==
{{reflist}}[[Sehlopha:Phuthaditjhaba]] [[Sehlopha:Libaka tsa Free State]] [[Sehlopha:Litsi tsa mabenkele Afrika Boroa]]{{Stub}}</text>
      <sha1>obe0mlmm8cs5qh4ihbr7a4qb8fyv35n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>41825</id>
      <parentid>41824</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T21:54:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Moralo */ phoso</comment>
      <origin>41825</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3852" sha1="9hvogbmht52q5i6tpe3youkgytgsbhg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 02.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent,Setsing,Qwaqwa]]
'''Setsing''' ke sebaka se [[Phuthaditjhaba]] (eo pele e neng e bitswa [[QwaQwa]] kapa Witsieshoek), Foreisetata, [[Afrika Borwa]]. Phuthaditjhaba e maralleng a Maluti, karolong ya Drakensberg.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Vukile's Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre gets R340 million major redevelopment|url=https://www.crown.co.za/latest-news/construction-world-latest-news/5048-vukile-s-maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-gets-r340-million-major-redevelopment|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsing e se e tsejwa haholo ka Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre, eo pele e neng e bitswa ''Setsing Crescent''.

== Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ==
Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ke setsi sa mabenkele se Phuthaditjhaba, Foreisetata. Pele se ne se bitswa Setsing Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Setsing Crescent transforms into Maluti Crescent|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/projects-and-contracts/6898-setsing-crescent-transforms-into-maluti-crescent|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntjhafatso le katoloso ===
Setsi se ile sa ntjhafatswa le ho atoloswa ke Vukile Property Fund, e ileng ya se fumana ha e reka dintho tsa mabenkele tsa Synergy Income Fund e neng e le teng pele.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Moralo o entsoe ke MDS Architecture, ho hahile Concor Buildings, mme Flanagan &amp; Gerard e ne e le mohlahisi le moetsi wa ditumellano tsa ho hirisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=New Maluti Crescent to open on 21 March|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/property/9068-new-maluti-crescent-to-open-on-21-march|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mosebetsi o qadile ka Pherekgong 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent project in South Africa is well under way|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2018/07/maluti-crescent-project-in-south-africa-is-well-under-way/|publisher=Construction Review|date=July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 03.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre]]
Merero ena e fetotse setsi ho tloha mabenkeleng a bolelele a mohala o le mong ho ba mall e kwetsweng. Kamora katoloso, boholo ba setsi bo ne bo tla ba ka 34 360 m².&lt;ref name=&quot;l2b&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Featured Project: Maluti Crescent Redevelopment – Building|url=https://nxt.l2b.co.za/blog/8455-2|publisher=L2B Insights}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tjhelete ya ntlafatso e boletswe e ka ba R400 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

=== Moralo ===
Mokhabiso oa kantle le diheleng tsa ho kena o ile oa susumetswa ke majoe a lehlabathe a dithaba tsa Maluti.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt; Ka hare, ho ile ha rerellwa ho kenyelletsa ditshupiso tsa setso sa Basotho, ho kenyeletsoa lintho tse nyenyane tse fanyehilweng tse susumetswang ke mokorotlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot; /&gt; Bahwebi ba sa hlophiswang le bona ba ile ba kenyelletswa moralong.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt;

=== Taxi rank le ho bulwa ===
Setsi sa pele sa lithekisi sa mofuta oo sebakeng sena se ile sa qala ho sebetsa ka 29 November 2018, ka lebaka la tumellano pakeng tsa lekhotla la lehae, Qwa Qwa United Taxi Association le Maluti Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;creamer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre Phase 1 complete|url=https://newsletter.en.creamermedia.com/article/maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-phase-1-complete-2018-12-14|publisher=Creamer Media|date=14 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsi se ile sa buloa ka molao ka 21 March 2019, 'me se ile sa e-ba setsi se seholohali sa mabenkele Phuthaditjhaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

=== Mabenkele ===
Katoloso e kentse Pick n Pay e le setsi sa bobeli sa lijo.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Ho tsoa lik'hamphani tse ncha ho Phuthaditjhaba ho bile ho ena le McDonald's le Nando's.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

== Litšupiso ==
{{reflist}}[[Sehlopha:Phuthaditjhaba]] [[Sehlopha:Libaka tsa Free State]] [[Sehlopha:Litsi tsa mabenkele Afrika Boroa]]{{Stub}}</text>
      <sha1>9hvogbmht52q5i6tpe3youkgytgsbhg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>41826</id>
      <parentid>41825</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T21:56:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Taxi rank le ho bulwa */</comment>
      <origin>41826</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3774" sha1="ngwo2ur9964ud9xt8exg721x0ahdwx7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 02.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent,Setsing,Qwaqwa]]
'''Setsing''' ke sebaka se [[Phuthaditjhaba]] (eo pele e neng e bitswa [[QwaQwa]] kapa Witsieshoek), Foreisetata, [[Afrika Borwa]]. Phuthaditjhaba e maralleng a Maluti, karolong ya Drakensberg.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Vukile's Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre gets R340 million major redevelopment|url=https://www.crown.co.za/latest-news/construction-world-latest-news/5048-vukile-s-maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-gets-r340-million-major-redevelopment|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsing e se e tsejwa haholo ka Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre, eo pele e neng e bitswa ''Setsing Crescent''.

== Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ==
Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ke setsi sa mabenkele se Phuthaditjhaba, Foreisetata. Pele se ne se bitswa Setsing Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Setsing Crescent transforms into Maluti Crescent|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/projects-and-contracts/6898-setsing-crescent-transforms-into-maluti-crescent|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntjhafatso le katoloso ===
Setsi se ile sa ntjhafatswa le ho atoloswa ke Vukile Property Fund, e ileng ya se fumana ha e reka dintho tsa mabenkele tsa Synergy Income Fund e neng e le teng pele.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Moralo o entsoe ke MDS Architecture, ho hahile Concor Buildings, mme Flanagan &amp; Gerard e ne e le mohlahisi le moetsi wa ditumellano tsa ho hirisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=New Maluti Crescent to open on 21 March|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/property/9068-new-maluti-crescent-to-open-on-21-march|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mosebetsi o qadile ka Pherekgong 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent project in South Africa is well under way|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2018/07/maluti-crescent-project-in-south-africa-is-well-under-way/|publisher=Construction Review|date=July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 03.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre]]
Merero ena e fetotse setsi ho tloha mabenkeleng a bolelele a mohala o le mong ho ba mall e kwetsweng. Kamora katoloso, boholo ba setsi bo ne bo tla ba ka 34 360 m².&lt;ref name=&quot;l2b&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Featured Project: Maluti Crescent Redevelopment – Building|url=https://nxt.l2b.co.za/blog/8455-2|publisher=L2B Insights}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tjhelete ya ntlafatso e boletswe e ka ba R400 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

=== Moralo ===
Mokhabiso oa kantle le diheleng tsa ho kena o ile oa susumetswa ke majoe a lehlabathe a dithaba tsa Maluti.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt; Ka hare, ho ile ha rerellwa ho kenyelletsa ditshupiso tsa setso sa Basotho, ho kenyeletsoa lintho tse nyenyane tse fanyehilweng tse susumetswang ke mokorotlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot; /&gt; Bahwebi ba sa hlophiswang le bona ba ile ba kenyelletswa moralong.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt;

=== Taxi rank le ho bulwa ===
Setsi sa pele sa dithekisi sa mofuta oo sebakeng sena se ile sa qala ho sebetsa ka 29 November 2018, ka lebaka la tumellano pakeng tsa lekgotla la lehae, Qwa Qwa United Taxi Association le Maluti Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;creamer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre Phase 1 complete|url=https://newsletter.en.creamermedia.com/article/maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-phase-1-complete-2018-12-14|publisher=Creamer Media|date=14 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsi se ile sa bulwa ka molao ka 21 Hlakubele selemong sa 

=== Mabenkele ===
Katoloso e kentse Pick n Payde le setsi sa bobeli sa lijo.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Ho tsoa lik'hamphani tse ncha ho Phuthaditjhaba ho bile ho ena le McDonald's le Nando's.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

== Litšupiso ==
{{reflist}}[[Sehlopha:Phuthaditjhaba]] [[Sehlopha:Libaka tsa Free State]] [[Sehlopha:Litsi tsa mabenkele Afrika Boroa]]{{Stub}}</text>
      <sha1>ngwo2ur9964ud9xt8exg721x0ahdwx7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>41827</id>
      <parentid>41826</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T21:56:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Moralo */</comment>
      <origin>41827</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3774" sha1="fos2x7diilb00sx1nk8o80zgw05q9lx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 02.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent,Setsing,Qwaqwa]]
'''Setsing''' ke sebaka se [[Phuthaditjhaba]] (eo pele e neng e bitswa [[QwaQwa]] kapa Witsieshoek), Foreisetata, [[Afrika Borwa]]. Phuthaditjhaba e maralleng a Maluti, karolong ya Drakensberg.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Vukile's Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre gets R340 million major redevelopment|url=https://www.crown.co.za/latest-news/construction-world-latest-news/5048-vukile-s-maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-gets-r340-million-major-redevelopment|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsing e se e tsejwa haholo ka Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre, eo pele e neng e bitswa ''Setsing Crescent''.

== Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ==
Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ke setsi sa mabenkele se Phuthaditjhaba, Foreisetata. Pele se ne se bitswa Setsing Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Setsing Crescent transforms into Maluti Crescent|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/projects-and-contracts/6898-setsing-crescent-transforms-into-maluti-crescent|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntjhafatso le katoloso ===
Setsi se ile sa ntjhafatswa le ho atoloswa ke Vukile Property Fund, e ileng ya se fumana ha e reka dintho tsa mabenkele tsa Synergy Income Fund e neng e le teng pele.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Moralo o entsoe ke MDS Architecture, ho hahile Concor Buildings, mme Flanagan &amp; Gerard e ne e le mohlahisi le moetsi wa ditumellano tsa ho hirisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=New Maluti Crescent to open on 21 March|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/property/9068-new-maluti-crescent-to-open-on-21-march|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mosebetsi o qadile ka Pherekgong 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent project in South Africa is well under way|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2018/07/maluti-crescent-project-in-south-africa-is-well-under-way/|publisher=Construction Review|date=July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 03.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre]]
Merero ena e fetotse setsi ho tloha mabenkeleng a bolelele a mohala o le mong ho ba mall e kwetsweng. Kamora katoloso, boholo ba setsi bo ne bo tla ba ka 34 360 m².&lt;ref name=&quot;l2b&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Featured Project: Maluti Crescent Redevelopment – Building|url=https://nxt.l2b.co.za/blog/8455-2|publisher=L2B Insights}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tjhelete ya ntlafatso e boletswe e ka ba R400 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

=== Moralo ===
Mokhabiso oa kantle le diheleng tsa ho kena o ile wa susumetswa ke majoe a lehlabathe a dithaba tsa Maluti.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt; Ka hare, ho ile ha rerellwa ho kenyelletsa ditshupiso tsa setso sa Basotho, ho kenyeletswa dintho tse nyenyane tse fanyehilweng tse susumetswang ke mokorotlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot; /&gt; Bahwebi ba sa hlophiswang le bona ba ile ba kenyelletswa moralong.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt;

=== Taxi rank le ho bulwa ===
Setsi sa pele sa dithekisi sa mofuta oo sebakeng sena se ile sa qala ho sebetsa ka 29 November 2018, ka lebaka la tumellano pakeng tsa lekgotla la lehae, Qwa Qwa United Taxi Association le Maluti Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;creamer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre Phase 1 complete|url=https://newsletter.en.creamermedia.com/article/maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-phase-1-complete-2018-12-14|publisher=Creamer Media|date=14 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsi se ile sa bulwa ka molao ka 21 Hlakubele selemong sa 

=== Mabenkele ===
Katoloso e kentse Pick n Payde le setsi sa bobeli sa lijo.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Ho tsoa lik'hamphani tse ncha ho Phuthaditjhaba ho bile ho ena le McDonald's le Nando's.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

== Litšupiso ==
{{reflist}}[[Sehlopha:Phuthaditjhaba]] [[Sehlopha:Libaka tsa Free State]] [[Sehlopha:Litsi tsa mabenkele Afrika Boroa]]{{Stub}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>41828</id>
      <parentid>41827</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T21:57:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mabenkele */</comment>
      <origin>41828</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3774" sha1="id7k4ontadtxvev9vsu525h0ro6icfb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 02.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent,Setsing,Qwaqwa]]
'''Setsing''' ke sebaka se [[Phuthaditjhaba]] (eo pele e neng e bitswa [[QwaQwa]] kapa Witsieshoek), Foreisetata, [[Afrika Borwa]]. Phuthaditjhaba e maralleng a Maluti, karolong ya Drakensberg.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Vukile's Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre gets R340 million major redevelopment|url=https://www.crown.co.za/latest-news/construction-world-latest-news/5048-vukile-s-maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-gets-r340-million-major-redevelopment|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsing e se e tsejwa haholo ka Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre, eo pele e neng e bitswa ''Setsing Crescent''.

== Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ==
Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ke setsi sa mabenkele se Phuthaditjhaba, Foreisetata. Pele se ne se bitswa Setsing Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Setsing Crescent transforms into Maluti Crescent|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/projects-and-contracts/6898-setsing-crescent-transforms-into-maluti-crescent|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntjhafatso le katoloso ===
Setsi se ile sa ntjhafatswa le ho atoloswa ke Vukile Property Fund, e ileng ya se fumana ha e reka dintho tsa mabenkele tsa Synergy Income Fund e neng e le teng pele.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Moralo o entsoe ke MDS Architecture, ho hahile Concor Buildings, mme Flanagan &amp; Gerard e ne e le mohlahisi le moetsi wa ditumellano tsa ho hirisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=New Maluti Crescent to open on 21 March|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/property/9068-new-maluti-crescent-to-open-on-21-march|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mosebetsi o qadile ka Pherekgong 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent project in South Africa is well under way|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2018/07/maluti-crescent-project-in-south-africa-is-well-under-way/|publisher=Construction Review|date=July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 03.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre]]
Merero ena e fetotse setsi ho tloha mabenkeleng a bolelele a mohala o le mong ho ba mall e kwetsweng. Kamora katoloso, boholo ba setsi bo ne bo tla ba ka 34 360 m².&lt;ref name=&quot;l2b&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Featured Project: Maluti Crescent Redevelopment – Building|url=https://nxt.l2b.co.za/blog/8455-2|publisher=L2B Insights}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tjhelete ya ntlafatso e boletswe e ka ba R400 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

=== Moralo ===
Mokhabiso oa kantle le diheleng tsa ho kena o ile wa susumetswa ke majoe a lehlabathe a dithaba tsa Maluti.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt; Ka hare, ho ile ha rerellwa ho kenyelletsa ditshupiso tsa setso sa Basotho, ho kenyeletswa dintho tse nyenyane tse fanyehilweng tse susumetswang ke mokorotlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot; /&gt; Bahwebi ba sa hlophiswang le bona ba ile ba kenyelletswa moralong.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt;

=== Taxi rank le ho bulwa ===
Setsi sa pele sa dithekisi sa mofuta oo sebakeng sena se ile sa qala ho sebetsa ka 29 November 2018, ka lebaka la tumellano pakeng tsa lekgotla la lehae, Qwa Qwa United Taxi Association le Maluti Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;creamer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre Phase 1 complete|url=https://newsletter.en.creamermedia.com/article/maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-phase-1-complete-2018-12-14|publisher=Creamer Media|date=14 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsi se ile sa bulwa ka molao ka 21 Hlakubele selemong sa 

=== Mabenkele ===
Katoloso e kentse Pick n Payde le setsi sa bobedi sa lijo.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Ho tswa dikhamphani tse ntjha ho Phuthaditjhaba ho bile ho ena le McDonald's le Nando's.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

== Litšupiso ==
{{reflist}}[[Sehlopha:Phuthaditjhaba]] [[Sehlopha:Libaka tsa Free State]] [[Sehlopha:Litsi tsa mabenkele Afrika Boroa]]{{Stub}}</text>
      <sha1>id7k4ontadtxvev9vsu525h0ro6icfb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>41840</id>
      <parentid>41828</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-10T04:53:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mamajoniss</username>
        <id>12981</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ Ke lokisitse sengolwa</comment>
      <origin>41840</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3775" sha1="2qd6a9a1xtd57gccqjly47n0fi0slyt" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 02.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent,Setsing,Qwaqwa]]
'''Setsing''' ke sebaka se [[Phuthaditjhaba]] (seo pele se neng se bitswa [[QwaQwa]] kapa Witsieshoek), Foreisetata, [[Afrika Borwa]]. Phuthaditjhaba e maralleng a Maluti, karolong ya Drakensberg.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Vukile's Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre gets R340 million major redevelopment|url=https://www.crown.co.za/latest-news/construction-world-latest-news/5048-vukile-s-maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-gets-r340-million-major-redevelopment|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsing e se e tsejwa haholo ka Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre, eo pele e neng e bitswa ''Setsing Crescent''.

== Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ==
Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre ke setsi sa mabenkele se Phuthaditjhaba, Foreisetata. Pele se ne se bitswa Setsing Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Setsing Crescent transforms into Maluti Crescent|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/projects-and-contracts/6898-setsing-crescent-transforms-into-maluti-crescent|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntjhafatso le katoloso ===
Setsi se ile sa ntjhafatswa le ho atoloswa ke Vukile Property Fund, e ileng ya se fumana ha e reka dintho tsa mabenkele tsa Synergy Income Fund e neng e le teng pele.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Moralo o entsoe ke MDS Architecture, ho hahile Concor Buildings, mme Flanagan &amp; Gerard e ne e le mohlahisi le moetsi wa ditumellano tsa ho hirisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=New Maluti Crescent to open on 21 March|url=https://www.crown.co.za/construction-world/property/9068-new-maluti-crescent-to-open-on-21-march|publisher=Construction World}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mosebetsi o qadile ka Pherekgong 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent project in South Africa is well under way|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2018/07/maluti-crescent-project-in-south-africa-is-well-under-way/|publisher=Construction Review|date=July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre 03.jpg|thumb|Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre]]
Merero ena e fetotse setsi ho tloha mabenkeleng a bolelele a mohala o le mong ho ba mall e kwetsweng. Kamora katoloso, boholo ba setsi bo ne bo tla ba ka 34 360 m².&lt;ref name=&quot;l2b&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Featured Project: Maluti Crescent Redevelopment – Building|url=https://nxt.l2b.co.za/blog/8455-2|publisher=L2B Insights}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tjhelete ya ntlafatso e boletswe e ka ba R400 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

=== Moralo ===
Mokgabiso wa kantle le diheleng tsa ho kena o ile wa susumetswa ke majwe a lehlabathe a dithaba tsa Maluti.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt; Ka hare, ho ile ha rerellwa ho kenyelletsa ditshupiso tsa setso sa Basotho, ho kenyeletswa dintho tse nyenyane tse fanyehilweng tse susumetswang ke mokorotlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cr&quot; /&gt; Bahwebi ba sa hlophiswang le bona ba ile ba kenyelletswa moralong.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown1&quot; /&gt;

=== Taxi rank le ho bulwa ===
Setsi sa pele sa dithekisi sa mofuta oo sebakeng sena se ile sa qala ho sebetsa ka 29 November 2018, ka lebaka la tumellano pakeng tsa lekgotla la lehae, Qwa Qwa United Taxi Association le Maluti Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;creamer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Maluti Crescent Shopping Centre Phase 1 complete|url=https://newsletter.en.creamermedia.com/article/maluti-crescent-shopping-centre-phase-1-complete-2018-12-14|publisher=Creamer Media|date=14 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setsi se ile sa bulwa ka molao ka 21 Hlakubele selemong sa 

=== Mabenkele ===
Katoloso e kentse Pick n Pay le setsi sa bobedi sa dijo.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown2&quot; /&gt; Ho tswa dikhamphani tse ntjha ho Phuthaditjhaba ho bile ho ena le McDonald's le Nando's.&lt;ref name=&quot;crown3&quot; /&gt;

== Litšupiso ==
{{reflist}}[[Sehlopha:Phuthaditjhaba]] [[Sehlopha:Libaka tsa Free State]] [[Sehlopha:Litsi tsa mabenkele Afrika Boroa]]{{Stub}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Setsi sa Bonono le Botjhaba sa Thabo Mofutsanyana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11074</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41829</id>
      <parentid>41636</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T21:57:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sebaka */ selemo</comment>
      <origin>41829</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2697" sha1="f73u42rwkgm0q3oolopjack4ck6jj29" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Lehae la setso le bonono.jpg|thumb]]
'''Setsi sa Bonono sa Thabo Mofutsanyana''' (se boetse se bitswa Setsi sa Bonono le Setso sa Thabo Mofutsanyana) ke sebaka sa bonono le setso se [[Phuthaditjhaba]], [[QwaQwa]], profenseng ya [[Freistata]] (, [[Afrika Borwa]]. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.sacr.fs.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Media-Release-Menyabuketso.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sebaka ==
Setsi se Phuthaditjhaba, toropong le  motse-moholo wa naha ya QwaQwa. Toropo ena e tlasa masepala wa [[Maluti a Phofung]], mme e phahametse bophahamo ba hoo e ka bang 1,646 m ka hodima lewatle. Setsi se fumanwa mmileng wa Motebang. 

== Lebitso ==
Setsi se nka lebitso la Setereke sa Thabo Mofutsanyana. Setereke sena se rehelletswe ka [[Edwin Thabo Mofutsanyana]] (1899–1995), eo eneng ele radipolotiki le setho se tummeng sa mokga wa South African Communist Party, ya hlahetseng sebakeng seo. Seemahale sa bronze se hlomphang yena se eme Phuthaditjhaba, 'me se ngodisitswe ho South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS).&lt;ref name=&quot;sahris&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/2007-11-27-thabo-mofutsanyana-was-a-dedicated-communist/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nalane ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Kenya Selemo seo se thehilweng ka sona, mothehi (mohlala masepala wa setereke kapa Lefapha la Dipapadi, Bonono le Setso la profense), le diketsahalo tse kgolo kapa dintlafatso.}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/EJC93668&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mesebetsi le mananeo ==
[Dipontsho, dithupelo, thupelo ya batho, mabaleng a ketsahalo, bahlahisi ba dulang setsing, jj.]&lt;ref&gt;https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/EJC93668&lt;/ref&gt;

Setsi se thusitse ho phahamisa dikgoni tsa sebakeng seo. Se hlahisitse bahlahisi ba bonono le bahlophisi ba diaparo ba sebakeng moketeng wa setereke sa Thabo Mofutsanyana o neng o tshwerwe Holong ya Multipurpose ya Phuthaditjhaba ka la 11 Pudungwana, moo ho neng ho e na le ba DJ, bahlabelli ba pina tsa evangedi le pontsho ya diaparo.&lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot; /&gt; [Kenya selemo; sengolwa seo ke se fumaneng ha se bolele ka ho hlaka.]

== Batho ba tsebahalang ==
Bahlahisi ba bonono, bahlabelli kapa bahlophisi ba diaparo ba amanang le setsi, ha feela ho na le mehloli e tshehetsang.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sacr.fs.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Media-Release-Menyabuketso.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bona hape ==

* [[Phuthaditjhaba]]
* [[QwaQwa]]
* [[Maluti a Phofung]]
* [[Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality]]

== Ditshupiso ==
{{reflist|refs=&lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;&gt;Setona, Emily. &quot;Thabo Mofutsanyana district festival…&quot;. ''The Guard''. https://theguard.co.za/?p=4251&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;sahris&quot;&gt;&quot;Thabo Mofutsanyana Bust, Phuthaditjhaba, QwaQwa&quot;. SAHRIS, Inventory No. 2828DB92. https://www.sahris.org.za/node/98781&lt;/ref&gt;}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>41830</id>
      <parentid>41829</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T21:58:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mpipesi</username>
        <id>11468</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Batho ba tsebahalang */</comment>
      <origin>41830</origin>
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      <text bytes="2697" sha1="9lyip5ucgz32kc06dr33dc4bui4gz58" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Lehae la setso le bonono.jpg|thumb]]
'''Setsi sa Bonono sa Thabo Mofutsanyana''' (se boetse se bitswa Setsi sa Bonono le Setso sa Thabo Mofutsanyana) ke sebaka sa bonono le setso se [[Phuthaditjhaba]], [[QwaQwa]], profenseng ya [[Freistata]] (, [[Afrika Borwa]]. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.sacr.fs.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Media-Release-Menyabuketso.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sebaka ==
Setsi se Phuthaditjhaba, toropong le  motse-moholo wa naha ya QwaQwa. Toropo ena e tlasa masepala wa [[Maluti a Phofung]], mme e phahametse bophahamo ba hoo e ka bang 1,646 m ka hodima lewatle. Setsi se fumanwa mmileng wa Motebang. 

== Lebitso ==
Setsi se nka lebitso la Setereke sa Thabo Mofutsanyana. Setereke sena se rehelletswe ka [[Edwin Thabo Mofutsanyana]] (1899–1995), eo eneng ele radipolotiki le setho se tummeng sa mokga wa South African Communist Party, ya hlahetseng sebakeng seo. Seemahale sa bronze se hlomphang yena se eme Phuthaditjhaba, 'me se ngodisitswe ho South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS).&lt;ref name=&quot;sahris&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/2007-11-27-thabo-mofutsanyana-was-a-dedicated-communist/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nalane ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Kenya Selemo seo se thehilweng ka sona, mothehi (mohlala masepala wa setereke kapa Lefapha la Dipapadi, Bonono le Setso la profense), le diketsahalo tse kgolo kapa dintlafatso.}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/EJC93668&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mesebetsi le mananeo ==
[Dipontsho, dithupelo, thupelo ya batho, mabaleng a ketsahalo, bahlahisi ba dulang setsing, jj.]&lt;ref&gt;https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/EJC93668&lt;/ref&gt;

Setsi se thusitse ho phahamisa dikgoni tsa sebakeng seo. Se hlahisitse bahlahisi ba bonono le bahlophisi ba diaparo ba sebakeng moketeng wa setereke sa Thabo Mofutsanyana o neng o tshwerwe Holong ya Multipurpose ya Phuthaditjhaba ka la 11 Pudungwana, moo ho neng ho e na le ba DJ, bahlabelli ba pina tsa evangedi le pontsho ya diaparo.&lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot; /&gt; [Kenya selemo; sengolwa seo ke se fumaneng ha se bolele ka ho hlaka.]

== Batho ba tsebahalang ==
Bahlahisi ba bonono, bahlabelli kapa bahlophisi ba diaparo ba amanang le setsi, ha feela ho na le mehlodi e tshehetsang.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sacr.fs.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Media-Release-Menyabuketso.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bona hape ==

* [[Phuthaditjhaba]]
* [[QwaQwa]]
* [[Maluti a Phofung]]
* [[Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality]]

== Ditshupiso ==
{{reflist|refs=&lt;ref name=&quot;guard&quot;&gt;Setona, Emily. &quot;Thabo Mofutsanyana district festival…&quot;. ''The Guard''. https://theguard.co.za/?p=4251&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;sahris&quot;&gt;&quot;Thabo Mofutsanyana Bust, Phuthaditjhaba, QwaQwa&quot;. SAHRIS, Inventory No. 2828DB92. https://www.sahris.org.za/node/98781&lt;/ref&gt;}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Klein Vrystaat</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11093</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41764</id>
      <parentid>41690</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T12:10:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Nalane */</comment>
      <origin>41764</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4787" sha1="cct4g5pyrp9y1pek1nmsokeuie47vpc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Klein_Vrystaat_seal.jpg|thumb|Setiiso sa Klein Vrystaat se bontshang Triumvirate]]

== Nalane ==
Ho tloha hoo e ka bang ka selemo sa 1876, sehlopha sa Maburu se ne se dula mobung o rekilwe Ka 1886, mmuso o hlophisitsweng o ile wa thehwa, ka mora ho amohelwa ha molaotheo .

Morena Mbandzeni o ile a rekisa naha empa a boloka mmuso wa hae. E ne e le mora e mong wa Mswati II, wa neng a busa ho tloha ka 1875 ho isa ho 1889.&lt;ref&gt;http://eswatininaturereserves.com/cultural/swazihistory1.html&lt;/ref&gt; 

Naha ena e bile teng ho fihlela ka 1891 ha e ne e kenyeletswa Rephaboliking ya Afrika Borwa (Transvaal). 

=== Dithuso tsa folakha le mobu ===
Folakha ya Klein Vrystaat (KVS) e batla e tshwana le  ya Transvaal : sehlopha sa boraro se sefubelu-bosweu-boputswa se rapameng se nang le mola o motala o otlolohileng haufi le hoist. Phapang pakeng tsa tsena tse pedi e teng ka hore bophara ba mola o motala bo ne bo lekana le bophahamo ba mela e rapameng folakheng ya Klein Vrystaat, mme bo tenya ka kotara folakheng ya Transvaal.

KVS e ne e le setjhaba sa Maeurope (seo boholo ba sona e leng Maafrikanere ) se neng se le naheng ya Maswati moeding o ka borwa-bophirima wa mmuso le Transvaal, e ileng ya fuwa ka 1877 ke iNgwenyama Mbandzeni Dlamini ho ditsomi tse pedi: Joachim Johannes Ferreira le Frans Ignatius Maritz. Naha ena e ne e na le  ka leboya-botjhabela ho toropo ya hona jwale ya Piet Retief . Seo Mbandzeni a neng a nahana hore o se file sona e ne e le tumello ya ho fula ya kamehla, empa Ferreira le Maritz ba ile ba bula sebaka seo ho baahi ba Ma-afrikanere mme ba se arola ka mapolasi a manyenyane. Qetellong Mbandzeni o ile a ba fa tumello ya ho theha ''labndla'' ya bona (lekgotla), e leng se ileng sa lebisa ho thehweng ha mmuso wa lehae, o nang le mopresidente le lekgotla, o nang le molao wa motheo le melao ya oona.Johannes Jurgen Bezuidenhoudt (10 Pudungwana 1830 - 7 Hlakubele 1911) o kgethilwe e le mopresidente ya Klein Vrystaat. 

=== Rephaboliki e nyane ===

MaSwati a ile a bona ha Mazulu a hana ho dumella balemi ba basweu, barekisi le baromuwa ho kena naheng ya bona, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore Brithani e hlole Mazulu Ntweng ya Manyesemane le Mazulu ya 1879. Dilemong tsa bo-1880, Morena Mbandzeni o ile a fana ka ditumellano tse ngata ho barui ba Maburu hammoho le barekisi ba Brithani le merafo. Sena se ile sa fella ka &quot;ho hapa Swaziland ka pampiri&quot;.  Kamora Ntwa ya Manyesemane le Mazulu, Maswati a ile a thusa Mabrithani ho qhala Mmuso wa Bapedi. Ka teboho, Brithani e ile ya tshipisa Maswatsi hore e tla boloka boipuso ba yona. 

Nieuwe Republiek Zuid Afrika e thehilwe ke Maburu sebakeng sa MaZulu ka 1884, le Klein Vrystaat e Swaziland ka 1886 e le rephaboliki e nyane. Ketsahalong ka nngwe, ho ile ha sebediswa ntwa ya merabe hara baahi ba Ma-afrika ho hlahisa palo e nyane ya bakolone ba Maburu, bao, ka mora ho hlola e mong wa bahlolisani ntweng ya merabe, ba ileng ba batla theko ya bona, naheng, ho mehlodi.  Ka 1886, ho sibollwa ha kgauta ho ile ha etsa hore Transvaal e be lebotho le ka sehloohong Afrika e ka Borwa. Maburu a ile a batla hore Mabrithani a dumellane le katoloso ya ona ka leboya ho pholletsa le [[Noka ya Limpopo]] kapa ka botjhabela ho pholletsa le Swaziland (tsela e yang lewatleng). Brithani e ile ya fetola boemo ba yona mabapi le boipuso ba Swaziland mme ka 1894 e ne e se e dumelletse Maburu ho theha taolo hodima Swaziland. 

Bajaki ba basweu ba fihlile ka bongata ho pholletsa le dilemo tsa bo-1880, kamora ho sibollwa ha kgauta Transvaal e haufi le Piggs Peak le Forbes Reef Swaziland. Mora wa Mswati, Mbandzeni, o ile a fana ka dikarolo tse kgolo tsa sebaka sa hae e le tumello ho ba fihlang ba batjha, a etsa hore Maburu a iphapanyetse dipolelo tsa hae ho boholo ba ba bang, mme, nakong eo Swaziland e neng e le tshireletso ya Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa ka 1894, ho ne ho setse naha e nyenyane ya bohlokwa. Ka 1886, bajaki ba ile ba phatlalatsa boipuso ba bona e le Little Free State mme ba kgona ho hana boiteko ba Mbandzeni ba pelo e sa fellang ba ho ba leleka ka lebaka la hore ba fetile taelo ya hae. Ka 1888, Ferreira le Maritz ba ile ba kopa hore Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa (ZAR) e ba kenye Transvaal, ba bolela hore Mbandzeni o lahlile matla a hae hodima bona. Nakong eo, Mbandzeni o ile a tiisa bobusi ba hae sebakeng seo mme a batla tefo ya selemo le selemo ya rente ya £21, empa, ka nako eo, e ne e se e le morao haholo. Ho ya ka dipehelo tsa Kopano ya pele [[Eswatini|ya Swaziland]] (1890), KVS ya Little Free State e ile ya kenyeletswa ho ZAR, ka tumellano ya Mabrithani, e le karolo ya setereke sa Piet Retief, Mpumalanga . 

=== Taolo ya Brithani ===
Kamora tlholo ya bona Ntweng ya Bobeli ya Anglo-Boer (1899-1902), Brithani e ile ea nka taolo ya sebaka seo mme ya se boloka ho fihlela ka 1968.</text>
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      <text bytes="4803" sha1="3mfyyqogovqi2ukjk9nulkj3ja74x6s" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Klein_Vrystaat_seal.jpg|thumb|Setiiso sa Klein Vrystaat se bontshang Triumvirate]]

== Nalane ==
Ho tloha hoo e ka bang ka selemo sa 1876, sehlopha sa Maburu se ne se dula mobung o rekilwe Ka 1886, mmuso o hlophisitsweng o ile wa thehwa, ka mora ho amohelwa ha molaotheo .

Morena Mbandzeni o ile a rekisa naha empa a boloka mmuso wa hae. E ne e le mora e mong wa Mswati II, wa neng a busa ho tloha ka 1875 ho isa ho 1889.&lt;ref&gt;http://eswatininaturereserves.com/cultural/swazihistory1.html&lt;/ref&gt; 

Naha ena e bile teng ho fihlela ka 1891 ha e ne e kenyeletswa Rephaboliking ya Afrika Borwa (Transvaal). 

=== Dithuso tsa folakha le mobu ===
Folakha ya Klein Vrystaat (KVS) e batla e tshwana le  ya Transvaal : sehlopha sa boraro se sefubelu-bosweu-boputswa se rapameng se nang le mola o motala o otlolohileng haufi le hoist. Phapang pakeng tsa tsena tse pedi e teng ka hore bophara ba mola o motala bo ne bo lekana le bophahamo ba mela e rapameng folakheng ya Klein Vrystaat, mme bo tenya ka kotara folakheng ya Transvaal.

KVS e ne e le setjhaba sa Maeurope (seo boholo ba sona e leng Maafrikanere ) se neng se le naheng ya Maswati moeding o ka borwa-bophirima wa mmuso le Transvaal, e ileng ya fuwa ka 1877 ke iNgwenyama Mbandzeni Dlamini ho ditsomi tse pedi: Joachim Johannes Ferreira le Frans Ignatius Maritz. Naha ena e ne e na le  ka leboya-botjhabela ho toropo ya hona jwale ya Piet Retief . Seo Mbandzeni a neng a nahana hore o se file sona e ne e le tumello ya ho fula ya kamehla, empa Ferreira le Maritz ba ile ba bula sebaka seo ho baahi ba Ma-afrikanere mme ba se arola ka mapolasi a manyenyane. Qetellong Mbandzeni o ile a ba fa tumello ya ho theha ''labndla'' ya bona (lekgotla), e leng se ileng sa lebisa ho thehweng ha mmuso wa lehae, o nang le mopresidente le lekgotla, o nang le molao wa motheo le melao ya oona.Johannes Jurgen Bezuidenhoudt (10 Pudungwana 1830 - 7 Hlakubele 1911) o kgethilwe e le mopresidente ya Klein Vrystaat. 

=== Rephaboliki e nyane ===

MaSwati a ile a bona ha Mazulu a hana ho dumella balemi ba basweu, barekisi le baromuwa ho kena naheng ya bona, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore Brithani e hlole Mazulu Ntweng ya Manyesemane le Mazulu ya 1879. Dilemong tsa bo-1880, Morena Mbandzeni o ile a fana ka ditumellano tse ngata ho barui ba Maburu hammoho le barekisi ba Brithani le merafo. Sena se ile sa fella ka &quot;ho hapa Swaziland ka pampiri&quot;.  Kamora Ntwa ya Manyesemane le Mazulu, Maswati a ile a thusa Mabrithani ho qhala Mmuso wa Bapedi. Ka teboho, Brithani e ile ya tshipisa Maswatsi hore e tla boloka boipuso ba yona. 

Nieuwe Republiek Zuid Afrika e thehilwe ke Maburu sebakeng sa MaZulu ka 1884, le Klein Vrystaat e Swaziland ka 1886 e le rephaboliki e nyane. Ketsahalong ka nngwe, ho ile ha sebediswa ntwa ya merabe hara baahi ba Ma-afrika ho hlahisa palo e nyane ya bakolone ba Maburu, bao, ka mora ho hlola e mong wa bahlolisani ntweng ya merabe, ba ileng ba batla theko ya bona, naheng, ho mehlodi.  Ka 1886, ho sibollwa ha kgauta ho ile ha etsa hore Transvaal e be lebotho le ka sehloohong Afrika e ka Borwa. Maburu a ile a batla hore Mabrithani a dumellane le katoloso ya ona ka leboya ho pholletsa le [[Noka ya Limpopo]] kapa ka botjhabela ho pholletsa le Swaziland (tsela e yang lewatleng). Brithani e ile ya fetola boemo ba yona mabapi le boipuso ba Swaziland mme ka 1894 e ne e se e dumelletse Maburu ho theha taolo hodima Swaziland. 

Bajaki ba basweu ba fihlile ka bongata ho pholletsa le dilemo tsa bo-1880, kamora ho sibollwa ha kgauta Transvaal e haufi le Piggs Peak le Forbes Reef Swaziland. Mora wa Mswati, Mbandzeni, o ile a fana ka dikarolo tse kgolo tsa sebaka sa hae e le tumello ho ba fihlang ba batjha, a etsa hore Maburu a iphapanyetse dipolelo tsa hae ho boholo ba ba bang, mme, nakong eo Swaziland e neng e le tshireletso ya Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa ka 1894, ho ne ho setse naha e nyenyane ya bohlokwa. Ka 1886, bajaki ba ile ba phatlalatsa boipuso ba bona e le Little Free State mme ba kgona ho hana boiteko ba Mbandzeni ba pelo e sa fellang ba ho ba leleka ka lebaka la hore ba fetile taelo ya hae. Ka 1888, Ferreira le Maritz ba ile ba kopa hore Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa (ZAR) e ba kenye Transvaal, ba bolela hore Mbandzeni o lahlile matla a hae hodima bona. Nakong eo, Mbandzeni o ile a tiisa bobusi ba hae sebakeng seo mme a batla tefo ya selemo le selemo ya rente ya £21, empa, ka nako eo, e ne e se e le morao haholo. Ho ya ka dipehelo tsa Kopano ya pele [[Eswatini|ya Swaziland]] (1890), KVS ya Little Free State e ile ya kenyeletswa ho ZAR, ka tumellano ya Mabrithani, e le karolo ya setereke sa Piet Retief, Mpumalanga . 

=== Taolo ya Brithani ===
Kamora tlholo ya bona Ntweng ya Bobeli ya Anglo-Boer (1899-1902), Brithani e ile ea nka taolo ya sebaka seo mme ya se boloka ho fihlela ka 1968. 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Verkykerskop</title>
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      <text bytes="1170" sha1="6okliynucfz2hyutf0xaani0ejltjrj" xml:space="preserve">'''Verkykerskop''' ke toropo e Masepaleng wa Sebaka sa Phumelela profenseng ya Foreisi tata ya [[Afrika Borwa]], e fumanehang tseleng ya R722 . Toropo e dikhilomithara tse 40 ho tloha [[Harrismith]], haufi le N3 .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.iol.co.za/tonight/music/gigs-you-ll-dig-to-ring-in-new-year-1.1202223#.UjucYbyZ3Mg&lt;/ref&gt; 

Motse o ka bang 35&amp;nbsp;km ka botjhabela-ka borwa-botjhabela ho Warden le 40&amp;nbsp;km ka borwa-bophirima ho Memel . Ka Se-afrikanse bakeng sa leralla la dilhwela', ka ho toba 'leralla la farlooker', lebitso leo ho bonahala le nkilwe ho Tafelkop, leralla le bolelele ba limithara tse 2,153 ka borwa-bophirima ho lona.&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames&lt;/ref&gt; 

E lutse leralleng lehlakoreng la Free State moeding le [[Kwazulu-Natala|KwaZulu-Natal]], e hlaloswa e le motsana o monyenyane o nang le baahi ba ka tlase ho 20 toropong, le ba bang ba makgolo a mmalwa ba dulang metseng e haufi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;http://mg.co.za/article/2013-09-20-00-verkykerskop-where-sheep-may-safely-graze&lt;/ref&gt;  E tsebahala ka ho ba le e nngwe ya maemo a tlase ka ho fetisisa a tlolo ya molao Afrika Borwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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      <id>41770</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-09T14:33:14Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1206" sha1="0sskc9aedeqewfvwlznbv9kpzbj8lm2" xml:space="preserve">'''Verkykerskop''' ke toropo e Masepaleng wa Sebaka sa Phumelela profenseng ya [[Foreisetata|Foreisitata]] ya [[Afrika Borwa]], e fumanehang tseleng ya R722 . Toropo e dikhilomithara tse 40 ho tloha [[Harrismith]], haufi le N3 .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.iol.co.za/tonight/music/gigs-you-ll-dig-to-ring-in-new-year-1.1202223#.UjucYbyZ3Mg&lt;/ref&gt; 

Motse o ka bang 35&amp;nbsp;km ka botjhabela-ka borwa-botjhabela ho Warden le 40&amp;nbsp;km ka borwa-bophirima ho Memel . Ka Se-afrikanse bakeng sa leralla la dilhwela', ka ho toba 'leralla la farlooker', lebitso leo ho bonahala le nkilwe ho Tafelkop, leralla le bolelele ba limithara tse 2,153 ka borwa-bophirima ho lona.&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames&lt;/ref&gt; 

E lutse leralleng lehlakoreng la [[Foreisetata|fereisitata]] moeding le [[Kwazulu-Natala|KwaZulu-Natal]], e hlaloswa e le motsana o monyenyane o nang le baahi ba ka tlase ho 20 toropong, le ba bang ba makgolo a mmalwa ba dulang metseng e haufi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;http://mg.co.za/article/2013-09-20-00-verkykerskop-where-sheep-may-safely-graze&lt;/ref&gt;  E tsebahala ka ho ba le e nngwe ya maemo a tlase ka ho fetisisa a tlolo ya molao [[Afrika Borwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masepala wa Sebaka wa Phumelela</title>
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        <id>13259</id>
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      <text bytes="424" sha1="q8adigiqjh7xmfxihpmo1f5dklxaf2v" xml:space="preserve">'''Phumelela Municipality'''&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100714013749/http://www.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_list.jsp?id=14&amp;heading=Executive%20Mayors&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://citypopulation.de/en/southafrica/admin/free_state/FS195__phumelela/id=964&lt;/ref&gt; ke mmasepala wa lehae ka hara Masepala wa Setereke sa Thabo Mofutsanyane, profenseng ya Free State ya Afrika Borwa . ''Phumelela'' e bolela &quot;ho atleha&quot; ka [[Sezulu|isiZulu]] .</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="473" sha1="npo466hfhi9w2ykf27sw93hhkfyouwd" xml:space="preserve">'''Phumelela Municipality'''&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100714013749/http://www.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_list.jsp?id=14&amp;heading=Executive%20Mayors&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://citypopulation.de/en/southafrica/admin/free_state/FS195__phumelela/id=964&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964&lt;/ref&gt; ke mmasepala wa lehae ka hara Masepala wa Setereke sa Thabo Mofutsanyane, profenseng ya Free State ya Afrika Borwa . ''Phumelela'' e bolela &quot;ho atleha&quot; ka [[Sezulu|isiZulu]] .</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>41762</id>
      <parentid>41761</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T12:04:41Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
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      <text bytes="489" sha1="ikqrkb5g9gniix0yg07r3krq7j8rvfr" xml:space="preserve">'''Phumelela Municipality'''&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100714013749/http://www.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_list.jsp?id=14&amp;heading=Executive%20Mayors&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://citypopulation.de/en/southafrica/admin/free_state/FS195__phumelela/id=964&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964&lt;/ref&gt; ke mmasepala wa lehae ka hara Masepala wa Setereke sa Thabo Mofutsanyane, profenseng ya Free State ya Afrika Borwa . ''Phumelela'' e bolela &quot;ho atleha&quot; ka [[Sezulu|isiZulu]] . 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="539" sha1="m1mjtm8utbu1lu27swaug3y3jf8pakr" xml:space="preserve">'''Phumelela Municipality'''&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20100714013749/http://www.gcis.gov.za/gcis/gcis_list.jsp?id=14&amp;heading=Executive%20Mayors&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://citypopulation.de/en/southafrica/admin/free_state/FS195__phumelela/id=964&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.statssa.gov.za/?page_id=964&lt;/ref&gt; ke mmasepala wa lehae ka hara Masepala wa Setereke sa Thabo Mofutsanyane, profenseng ya Free State ya Afrika Borwa . ''Phumelela'' e bolela &quot;ho atleha&quot; ka [[Sezulu|isiZulu]] .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.salanguages.com/munnames.htm&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>R722 (Afrika Borwa)</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346235548|R722 (South Africa)]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="123" sha1="25by6ql2yy8hfvuak9vocpe71uo4pvn" xml:space="preserve">Tsela ya '''R722''' ke Tsela ya dibaka [[Foreisetata|Free State]], [[Afrika Borwa]] e hokahanyang Memel le [[Harrismith]] .</text>
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      <text bytes="245" sha1="nkoq0x4vdrlgsonbonvqe8fbiupkjze" xml:space="preserve">Tsela ya '''R722''' ke Tsela ya dibaka [[Foreisetata|Free State]], [[Afrika Borwa]] e hokahanyang Memel le [[Harrismith]] .&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20140606100245/http://www.transport.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=5qOHvOI4KuY%3d&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="261" sha1="5fahejyv847di6kf609ynadlqhwu9bp" xml:space="preserve">Tsela ya '''R722''' ke Tsela ya dibaka [[Foreisetata|Free State]], [[Afrika Borwa]] e hokahanyang Memel le [[Harrismith]] .&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20140606100245/http://www.transport.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=5qOHvOI4KuY%3d&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ho Hlatswa ha Marumo</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327580573|The Washing of the Spears]]&quot;</comment>
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The Washing of the Spears ke buka ya 1965 ya Donald R. Morris e buang ka &quot;Sizwe sa MaZulu tlasa [[Shaka]]&quot; le Ntwa ya Anglo-Zulu ya 1879.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=YGhM9yOwW_0C&amp;pg=PA77&lt;/ref&gt; E pheta tsoho ya setjhaba sa Mazulu tlasa [[Shaka|Shaka Zulu]] mathwasong a lekgolo la bo19 la dilemo le ntwa e ke keng ya qojwa ya Hlooho Cetshwayo le Borithane ka 1879 ha kolone ya Natal e sutumelletsa meedi ya setjhaba sa maZulu.

Morris o ile a sebetsa bukeng eo ka dilemo tse hlano a le Berlin. Kgatiso ya pele, e hatisitsweng ka 1965, e ne e ena le maqephe a fetang 600 a nang le boitsebiso bo qaqileng ba Bibele. Buka ena e se e hatisitswe hape makgetlo a mangata; kgatiso ya buka e phatlaladitswe ka 1998, ka puo ya pele ke Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_Capo_Press&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditokomane ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>R722 (Aforika Borwa)</title>
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Tsela ya '''R722''' ke Tsela ya Libaka [[Foreisetata|Free State]], [[Afrika Borwa]] e hokahanyang Memel le [[Harrismith]] . 

== Tsela ==
Sephetho sa eona se ka leboea-bochabela ke Memel moo tsela e kopanang le R34 . E leba boroa-bophirima ho ea toropong ea [[Harrismith]], tsela ea eona e fellang N3 . Tsela e feta motsaneng o monyenyane oa [[Verkykerskop]] . 

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Tsela ya '''R722''' ke Tsela ya Libaka [[Foreisetata|Free State]], [[Afrika Borwa]] e hokahanyang Memel le [[Harrismith]] .&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20140606100245/http://www.transport.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=5qOHvOI4KuY%3d&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tsela ==
Sephetho sa eona se ka leboea-bochabela ke Memel moo tsela e kopanang le R34 . E leba boroa-bophirima ho ea toropong ea [[Harrismith]], tsela ea eona e fellang N3 . Tsela e feta motsaneng o monyenyane oa [[Verkykerskop]] . 

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Tsela ya '''R722''' ke Tsela ya Libaka [[Foreisetata|Free State]], [[Afrika Borwa]] e hokahanyang Memel le [[Harrismith]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20140606100245/http://www.transport.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=5qOHvOI4KuY%3d&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tsela ==
Sephetho sa yona se ka leboya-botjhabela ke Memel moo tsela e kopanang le R34 . E leba borwa-bophirima ho ya toropong ya [[Harrismith]], tsela ya yona e fellang N3 . Tsela e feta motsaneng o monyenyane wa [[Verkykerskop]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

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  <page>
    <title>1985 dikgetho tsa molao motseng wa QwaQwa.</title>
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      <text bytes="162" sha1="tw90mp8e2ii2jy8bl8bdal4me1utk4v" xml:space="preserve">Dikgetho tsa Palamente di ile tsa tshwarelwa [[QwaQwa]] ka 1985.  Sephetho e bile tlholo bakeng sa [[Mokga wa dikwankwetla Aforika Borwa|Mokga wa Dikwankwetla]] .</text>
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      <id>41775</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-09T15:19:26Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="253" sha1="4klgnblwxoc9t01umb1xyi6fjzww4lj" xml:space="preserve">Dikgetho tsa Palamente di ile tsa tshwarelwa [[QwaQwa]] ka 1985.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://africanelections.tripod.com/za_homelands.html&lt;/ref&gt;  Sephetho e bile tlholo bakeng sa [[Mokga wa dikwankwetla Aforika Borwa|Mokga wa Dikwankwetla]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="269" sha1="5ylzfb3zpdihzj2tg3f8crcqs1fatew" xml:space="preserve">Dikgetho tsa Palamente di ile tsa tshwarelwa [[QwaQwa]] ka 1985.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://africanelections.tripod.com/za_homelands.html&lt;/ref&gt;  Sephetho e bile tlholo bakeng sa [[Mokga wa dikwankwetla Aforika Borwa|Mokga wa Dikwankwetla]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

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Mokgwa wa '''ho tšoasa maruarua Afrika Boroa''' o ile oa matlafala qalong ya lekholo la bo19 la lilemo 'me oa fela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|pages=48–51}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bohareng ba bo-1960, Afrika Borwa e ne e se e fokoditse palo ya maruarua a eona a mapheo, mme hamorao ya maruarua a peō le a sei, 'me a tlameha ho tsoma leruarua le lenyenyane le se nang phaello e ngata la minke .  Maruarua a Minke a ile a tswela pele ho tshwaswa le ho tliswa seteisheneng sa ho tshwasa maruarua [[Thekong|sa Durban]] ho tloha ka 1968 ho fihlela ka 1975.   Afrika Borwa e ile ya thibela ho tšoasa maruarua ka botlalo ka 1979.</text>
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Mokgwa wa '''ho tšoasa maruarua Afrika Borwa''' o ile oa matlafala qalong ya lekholo la bo19 la lilemo mme oa fela ka 1975.  Bohareng ba bo-1960, Afrika Borwa e ne e se e fokoditse palo ya maruarua a eona a mapheo, mme hamorao ya maruarua a peō le a sei, mme a tlameha ho tsoma leruarua le lenyenyane le se nang phaello e ngata la minke .  Maruarua a Minke a ile a tswela pele ho tshwaswa le ho tliswa seteisheneng sa ho tshwasa maruarua [[Thekong|sa Durban]] ho tloha ka 1968 ho fihlela ka 1975.   Afrika Borwa e ile ya thibela ho tšoasa maruarua ka botlalo ka 1979.</text>
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Mokgwa wa '''ho tšoasa maruarua Afrika Borwa''' o ile oa matlafala qalong ya lekholo la bo19 la lilemo mme oa fela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=iCvGaGC_-wcC&lt;/ref&gt; Bohareng ba bo-1960, Afrika Borwa e ne e se e fokoditse palo ya maruarua a eona a mapheo, mme hamorao ya maruarua a peō le a sei, mme a tlameha ho tsoma leruarua le lenyenyane le se nang phaello e ngata la minke .  Maruarua a Minke a ile a tswela pele ho tshwaswa le ho tliswa seteisheneng sa ho tshwasa maruarua [[Thekong|sa Durban]] ho tloha ka 1968 ho fihlela ka 1975.   Afrika Borwa e ile ya thibela ho tšoasa maruarua ka botlalo ka 1979.</text>
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Mokgwa wa '''ho tšoasa maruarua Afrika Borwa''' o ile oa matlafala qalong ya lekholo la bo19 la lilemo mme oa fela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=iCvGaGC_-wcC&lt;/ref&gt; Bohareng ba bo-1960, Afrika Borwa e ne e se e fokoditse palo ya maruarua a eona a mapheo, mme hamorao ya maruarua a peō le a sei, mme a tlameha ho tsoma leruarua le lenyenyane le se nang phaello e ngata la minke .&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=rXN6xJjPlrwC&lt;/ref&gt;  Maruarua a Minke a ile a tswela pele ho tshwaswa le ho tliswa seteisheneng sa ho tshwasa maruarua [[Thekong|sa Durban]] ho tloha ka 1968 ho fihlela ka 1975.   Afrika Borwa e ile ya thibela ho tšoasa maruarua ka botlalo ka 1979.</text>
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Mokgwa wa '''ho tšoasa maruarua Afrika Borwa''' o ile oa matlafala qalong ya lekholo la bo19 la lilemo mme oa fela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=iCvGaGC_-wcC&lt;/ref&gt; Bohareng ba bo-1960, Afrika Borwa e ne e se e fokoditse palo ya maruarua a eona a mapheo, mme hamorao ya maruarua a peō le a sei, mme a tlameha ho tsoma leruarua le lenyenyane le se nang phaello e ngata la minke .&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=rXN6xJjPlrwC&lt;/ref&gt;  Maruarua a Minke a ile a tswela pele ho tshwaswa le ho tliswa seteisheneng sa ho tshwasa maruarua [[Thekong|sa Durban]] ho tloha ka 1968 ho fihlela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780849360695&lt;/ref&gt;  Afrika Borwa e ile ya thibela ho tšoasa maruarua ka botlalo ka 1979.</text>
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Mokgwa wa '''ho tšoasa maruarua Afrika Borwa''' o ile oa matlafala qalong ya lekholo la bo19 la lilemo mme oa fela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=iCvGaGC_-wcC&lt;/ref&gt; Bohareng ba bo-1960, Afrika Borwa e ne e se e fokoditse palo ya maruarua a eona a mapheo, mme hamorao ya maruarua a peō le a sei, mme a tlameha ho tsoma leruarua le lenyenyane le se nang phaello e ngata la minke .&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=rXN6xJjPlrwC&lt;/ref&gt;  Maruarua a Minke a ile a tswela pele ho tshwaswa le ho tliswa seteisheneng sa ho tshwasa maruarua [[Thekong|sa Durban]] ho tloha ka 1968 ho fihlela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780849360695&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.fad.co.za/Resources/whaling/whaling.htm&lt;/ref&gt;  Afrika Borwa e ile ya thibela ho tšoasa maruarua ka botlalo ka 1979.</text>
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Mokgwa wa '''ho tšoasa maruarua Afrika Borwa''' o ile oa matlafala qalong ya lekholo la bo19 la lilemo mme oa fela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=iCvGaGC_-wcC&lt;/ref&gt; Bohareng ba bo-1960, Afrika Borwa e ne e se e fokoditse palo ya maruarua a eona a mapheo, mme hamorao ya maruarua a peō le a sei, mme a tlameha ho tsoma leruarua le lenyenyane le se nang phaello e ngata la minke .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=rXN6xJjPlrwC&lt;/ref&gt;  Maruarua a Minke a ile a tswela pele ho tshwaswa le ho tliswa seteisheneng sa ho tshwasa maruarua [[Thekong|sa Durban]] ho tloha ka 1968 ho fihlela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780849360695&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.fad.co.za/Resources/whaling/whaling.htm&lt;/ref&gt;  Afrika Borwa e ile ya thibela ho tšoasa maruarua ka botlalo ka 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="971" sha1="pobudk61t9tyh9r80hpa1y7qi1nk4at" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Men_working_at_whaling_station,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Banna ba sebetsang setsing sa ho tshwasa maruarua, Afrika Borwa.]]
Mokgwa wa '''ho tshwasa maruarua Afrika Borwa''' o ile oa matlafala qalong ya lekholo la bo19 la dilemo mme wa fela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=iCvGaGC_-wcC&lt;/ref&gt; Bohareng ba bo-1960, Afrika Borwa e ne e se e fokoditse palo ya maruarua a yona a mapheo, mme hamorao ya maruarua a peo le a sei, mme a tlameha ho tsoma leruarua le lenyenyane le se nang phaello e ngata la minke .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=rXN6xJjPlrwC&lt;/ref&gt; Maruarua a Minke a ile a tswela pele ho tshwaswa le ho tliswa seteisheneng sa ho tshwasa maruarua [[Thekong|sa Durban]] ho tloha ka 1968 ho fihlela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780849360695&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.fad.co.za/Resources/whaling/whaling.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Afrika Borwa e ile ya thibela ho tswasa maruarua ka botlalo ka 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="987" sha1="id69h5s7gnvkpbx1pwo6c1vgr5344xp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Men_working_at_whaling_station,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Banna ba sebetsang setsing sa ho tshwasa maruarua, Afrika Borwa.]]
Mokgwa wa '''ho tshwasa maruarua Afrika Borwa''' o ile oa matlafala qalong ya lekholo la bo19 la dilemo mme wa fela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=iCvGaGC_-wcC&lt;/ref&gt; Bohareng ba bo-1960, Afrika Borwa e ne e se e fokoditse palo ya maruarua a yona a mapheo, mme hamorao ya maruarua a peo le a sei, mme a tlameha ho tsoma leruarua le lenyenyane le se nang phaello e ngata la minke .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=rXN6xJjPlrwC&lt;/ref&gt; Maruarua a Minke a ile a tswela pele ho tshwaswa le ho tliswa seteisheneng sa ho tshwasa maruarua [[Thekong|sa Durban]] ho tloha ka 1968 ho fihlela ka 1975. &lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780849360695&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.fad.co.za/Resources/whaling/whaling.htm&lt;/ref&gt; Afrika Borwa e ile ya thibela ho tswasa maruarua ka botlalo ka 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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    <title>Kotsi ya mmaene wa Impala Platinum</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360497895|Impala Platinum mine shaft accident]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="573" sha1="7zwow0dyvxz6sj0bkuqwokib293vfrb" xml:space="preserve">Kotsi ya serwala nkgwana se senyane e etsahetse ka la 27 Pudungwana 2023 morafong ya Impala Platinum [[Rustenburg]], [[Afrika Borwa]], ha lifti ya morafo e nyolohang e wela ka 200.&amp;nbsp;m tlase ho shaft ya nomoro ya 11.  Basebetsi ba merafong ba leshome le metso e meraro ba ile ba hlokahala, ba 11 ba le sebakeng seo mme ba babedi ba hlokahalla  sepetlele hamorao, mme ba 73 ba ile ba tswa dikotsi.  Lifti e ile ya emiswa hore e se ke ya wa ho ya pele ka lebaka la ho thulana le sethala ka hara shaft,  e ileng ya fella ka ho ema ka tshohanyetso ho ileng ha lebisa lefung.</text>
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      <text bytes="552" sha1="3d6oj3wj3dfw3fdiaugk0jlyjcwklcz" xml:space="preserve">'''Kotsi ya lifti''' e etsahetse ka la 27 Pudungwana 2023 morafong ya Impala Platinum [[Rustenburg]], [[Afrika Borwa]], ha lifti ya morafo e nyolohang e wela ka 200 m tlase ho shaft ya nomoro ya 11.  Basebetsi ba merafong ba leshome le metso e meraro ba ile ba hlokahala, ba 11 ba le sebakeng seo mme ba babedi ba hlokahalla  sepetlele hamorao, mme ba 73 ba ile ba tswa dikotsi.  Lifti e ile ya emiswa hore e se ke ya wa ho ya pele ka lebaka la ho thulana le sethala ka hara shaft,  e ileng ya fella ka ho ema ka tshohanyetso ho ileng ha lebisa lefung.</text>
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      <text bytes="674" sha1="tbz42qw7fz4omuaxg2z8u5wmry78eq6" xml:space="preserve">'''Kotsi ya lifti''' e etsahetse ka la 27 Pudungwana 2023 morafong ya Impala Platinum [[Rustenburg]], [[Afrika Borwa]], ha lifti ya morafo e nyolohang e wela ka 200 m tlase ho shaft ya nomoro ya 11.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.miningmx.com/top-story/55105-implats-in-rescue-effort-at-rustenburg-following-winder-rope-incident/&lt;/ref&gt;  Basebetsi ba merafong ba leshome le metso e meraro ba ile ba hlokahala, ba 11 ba le sebakeng seo mme ba babedi ba hlokahalla  sepetlele hamorao, mme ba 73 ba ile ba tswa dikotsi.  Lifti e ile ya emiswa hore e se ke ya wa ho ya pele ka lebaka la ho thulana le sethala ka hara shaft,  e ileng ya fella ka ho ema ka tshohanyetso ho ileng ha lebisa lefung.</text>
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      <text bytes="791" sha1="0isd7c3z5yd4ist5spor1y3kmd56bli" xml:space="preserve">'''Kotsi ya lifti''' e etsahetse ka la 27 Pudungwana 2023 morafong ya Impala Platinum [[Rustenburg]], [[Afrika Borwa]], ha lifti ya morafo e nyolohang e wela ka 200 m tlase ho shaft ya nomoro ya 11.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.miningmx.com/top-story/55105-implats-in-rescue-effort-at-rustenburg-following-winder-rope-incident/&lt;/ref&gt;  Basebetsi ba merafong ba leshome le metso e meraro ba ile ba hlokahala, ba 11 ba le sebakeng seo mme ba babedi ba hlokahalla  sepetlele hamorao, mme ba 73 ba ile ba tswa dikotsi. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/implats-to-restart-platinum-mine-after-death-of-12-workers-20231130&lt;/ref&gt; Lifti e ile ya emiswa hore e se ke ya wa ho ya pele ka lebaka la ho thulana le sethala ka hara shaft,  e ileng ya fella ka ho ema ka tshohanyetso ho ileng ha lebisa lefung.</text>
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      <text bytes="889" sha1="7etpnruxwyw9vixjs33e2fghntxr0xw" xml:space="preserve">'''Kotsi ya lifti''' e etsahetse ka la 27 Pudungwana 2023 morafong ya Impala Platinum [[Rustenburg]], [[Afrika Borwa]], ha lifti ya morafo e nyolohang e wela ka 200 m tlase ho shaft ya nomoro ya 11.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.miningmx.com/top-story/55105-implats-in-rescue-effort-at-rustenburg-following-winder-rope-incident/&lt;/ref&gt;  Basebetsi ba merafong ba leshome le metso e meraro ba ile ba hlokahala, ba 11 ba le sebakeng seo mme ba babedi ba hlokahalla  sepetlele hamorao, mme ba 73 ba ile ba tswa dikotsi. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/implats-to-restart-platinum-mine-after-death-of-12-workers-20231130&lt;/ref&gt; Lifti e ile ya emiswa hore e se ke ya wa ho ya pele ka lebaka la ho thulana le sethala ka hara shaft,  e ileng ya fella ka ho ema ka tshohanyetso ho ileng ha lebisa lefung.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.implats.co.za/pdf/press-releases/2023/Impala-Rustenburg-incident-update.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="1007" sha1="kbfpfkvpi3m79lnbcoqfa27rp6qfmgr" xml:space="preserve">'''Kotsi ya lifti''' e etsahetse ka la 27 Pudungwana 2023 morafong ya Impala Platinum [[Rustenburg]], [[Afrika Borwa]], ha lifti ya morafo e nyolohang e wela ka 200 m tlase ho shaft ya nomoro ya 11.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.miningmx.com/top-story/55105-implats-in-rescue-effort-at-rustenburg-following-winder-rope-incident/&lt;/ref&gt;  Basebetsi ba merafong ba leshome le metso e meraro ba ile ba hlokahala, ba 11 ba le sebakeng seo mme ba babedi ba hlokahalla  sepetlele hamorao, mme ba 73 ba ile ba tswa dikotsi. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/implats-to-restart-platinum-mine-after-death-of-12-workers-20231130&lt;/ref&gt; Lifti e ile ya emiswa hore e se ke ya wa ho ya pele ka lebaka la ho thulana le sethala ka hara shaft,  e ileng ya fella ka ho ema ka tshohanyetso ho ileng ha lebisa lefung.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.implats.co.za/pdf/press-releases/2023/Impala-Rustenburg-incident-update.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-11-28-implats-says-11-miners-killed-75-hurt-after-cage-mishap/&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="1164" sha1="ryw72fgcq0qvtet5s7gz4ctf8ovvoui" xml:space="preserve">'''Kotsi ya lifti''' e etsahetse ka la 27 Pudungwana 2023 morafong ya Impala Platinum [[Rustenburg]], [[Afrika Borwa]], ha lifti ya morafo e nyolohang e wela ka 200 m tlase ho shaft ya nomoro ya 11.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.miningmx.com/top-story/55105-implats-in-rescue-effort-at-rustenburg-following-winder-rope-incident/&lt;/ref&gt;  Basebetsi ba merafong ba leshome le metso e meraro ba ile ba hlokahala, ba 11 ba le sebakeng seo mme ba babedi ba hlokahalla  sepetlele hamorao, mme ba 73 ba ile ba tswa dikotsi. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/implats-to-restart-platinum-mine-after-death-of-12-workers-20231130&lt;/ref&gt; Lifti e ile ya emiswa hore e se ke ya wa ho ya pele ka lebaka la ho thulana le sethala ka hara shaft,  e ileng ya fella ka ho ema ka tshohanyetso ho ileng ha lebisa lefung.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-11-29-failure-of-emergency-protocol-led-to-death-of-11-miners-after-rapid-descent-of-conveyance-cage/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.implats.co.za/pdf/press-releases/2023/Impala-Rustenburg-incident-update.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-11-28-implats-says-11-miners-killed-75-hurt-after-cage-mishap/&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="1313" sha1="klb4amyh1f50qzegdfpvpkplzvyv9i2" xml:space="preserve">'''Kotsi ya lifti''' e etsahetse ka la 27 Pudungwana 2023 morafong ya Impala Platinum [[Rustenburg]], [[Afrika Borwa]], ha lifti ya morafo e nyolohang e wela ka 200 m tlase ho shaft ya nomoro ya 11.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.miningmx.com/top-story/55105-implats-in-rescue-effort-at-rustenburg-following-winder-rope-incident/&lt;/ref&gt;  Basebetsi ba merafong ba leshome le metso e meraro ba ile ba hlokahala, ba 11 ba le sebakeng seo mme ba babedi ba hlokahalla  sepetlele hamorao, mme ba 73 ba ile ba tswa dikotsi. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/implats-to-restart-platinum-mine-after-death-of-12-workers-20231130&lt;/ref&gt; Lifti e ile ya emiswa hore e se ke ya wa ho ya pele ka lebaka la ho thulana le sethala ka hara shaft,  e ileng ya fella ka ho ema ka tshohanyetso ho ileng ha lebisa lefung.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-11-29-failure-of-emergency-protocol-led-to-death-of-11-miners-after-rapid-descent-of-conveyance-cage/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.implats.co.za/pdf/press-releases/2023/Impala-Rustenburg-incident-update.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-11-28-implats-says-11-miners-killed-75-hurt-after-cage-mishap/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.miningmagazine.com/operations/news-articles/4169659/impalas-shaft-set-reopen-operations-resume-tragic-incident&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mnguni</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330866048|Mnguni]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="832" sha1="j4d9jf45p68x7lh3n869swzjas45kk0" xml:space="preserve">Ho ne ho thwe '''Mnguni''' ke moetapele - le moholo-holo wa pele ya bitswang - wa setjhaba sa Nguni  ya ileng a fihla Afrika Borwa a falla a tswa Leboya. Ho phaella moo, e ne e le ntate wa Morena Xhosa.  Batho ba Maxhosa, bao kajeno ba nkuwang e le setjhaba se senyenyane sa setjhaba sa Nguni, ba ne ba bitswa AbeNguni nalaneng. Lebitso la Mnguni le tswa lentsweng Nguni, e leng lebitso la morabe o moholo [[Afrika Borwa]] . Jwale e kenyeletsa Mazulu, Maxhosa, MaNdebele le Maswati hara ba bang.

Bongata ba merabe e fapaneng ya Nguni e latela leloko la yona ho ya ho Mnguni, Morena wa setjhaba sa Nguni se kopaneng (pele ho MaZulu, pele ho MaXhosa, pele ho MaNdebele, pele ho MaSwazi jj.) Afrika Borwa. Marena a Maxhosa a latela leloko la ona ho ya ho Mnguni, kaha mothehi wa Mmuso wa Maxhosa e ne e le mojalefa wa hae wa Maxhosa .</text>
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      <text bytes="914" sha1="skldrjo15a6pgti44phtjredh6xginj" xml:space="preserve">Ho ne ho thwe '''Mnguni''' ke moetapele - le moholo-holo wa pele ya bitswang - wa setjhaba sa Nguni&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=lHGgEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Mnguni+Xhosa&amp;pg=PT315&lt;/ref&gt;  ya ileng a fihla Afrika Borwa a falla a tswa Leboya. Ho phaella moo, e ne e le ntate wa Morena Xhosa.  Batho ba Maxhosa, bao kajeno ba nkuwang e le setjhaba se senyenyane sa setjhaba sa Nguni, ba ne ba bitswa AbeNguni nalaneng. Lebitso la Mnguni le tswa lentsweng Nguni, e leng lebitso la morabe o moholo [[Afrika Borwa]] . Jwale e kenyeletsa Mazulu, Maxhosa, MaNdebele le Maswati hara ba bang.

Bongata ba merabe e fapaneng ya Nguni e latela leloko la yona ho ya ho Mnguni, Morena wa setjhaba sa Nguni se kopaneng (pele ho MaZulu, pele ho MaXhosa, pele ho MaNdebele, pele ho MaSwazi jj.) Afrika Borwa. Marena a Maxhosa a latela leloko la ona ho ya ho Mnguni, kaha mothehi wa Mmuso wa Maxhosa e ne e le mojalefa wa hae wa Maxhosa .</text>
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        <id>11165</id>
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      <text bytes="995" sha1="hs0bxok855hk22fk4zr3h9qqc3tgmbt" xml:space="preserve">Ho ne ho thwe '''Mnguni''' ke moetapele - le moholo-holo wa pele ya bitswang - wa setjhaba sa Nguni&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=lHGgEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Mnguni+Xhosa&amp;pg=PT315&lt;/ref&gt;  ya ileng a fihla Afrika Borwa a falla a tswa Leboya. Ho phaella moo, e ne e le ntate wa Morena Xhosa.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=ua-AEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Mnguni+Xhosa&amp;pg=PT93&lt;/ref&gt;  Batho ba Maxhosa, bao kajeno ba nkuwang e le setjhaba se senyenyane sa setjhaba sa Nguni, ba ne ba bitswa AbeNguni nalaneng. Lebitso la Mnguni le tswa lentsweng Nguni, e leng lebitso la morabe o moholo [[Afrika Borwa]] . Jwale e kenyeletsa Mazulu, Maxhosa, MaNdebele le Maswati hara ba bang.

Bongata ba merabe e fapaneng ya Nguni e latela leloko la yona ho ya ho Mnguni, Morena wa setjhaba sa Nguni se kopaneng (pele ho MaZulu, pele ho MaXhosa, pele ho MaNdebele, pele ho MaSwazi jj.) Afrika Borwa. Marena a Maxhosa a latela leloko la ona ho ya ho Mnguni, kaha mothehi wa Mmuso wa Maxhosa e ne e le mojalefa wa hae wa Maxhosa .</text>
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      <comment>Ke kentse  dilinki</comment>
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      <text bytes="1011" sha1="8vs7sljw8m5djhfebi2niezrx0i6w46" xml:space="preserve">Ho ne ho thwe '''Mnguni''' ke moetapele - le moholo-holo wa pele ya bitswang - wa setjhaba sa Nguni&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=lHGgEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Mnguni+Xhosa&amp;pg=PT315&lt;/ref&gt;  ya ileng a fihla Afrika Borwa a falla a tswa Leboya. Ho phaella moo, e ne e le ntate wa Morena Xhosa.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=ua-AEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Mnguni+Xhosa&amp;pg=PT93&lt;/ref&gt;  Batho ba Maxhosa, bao kajeno ba nkuwang e le setjhaba se senyenyane sa setjhaba sa Nguni, ba ne ba bitswa AbeNguni nalaneng. Lebitso la Mnguni le tswa lentsweng Nguni, e leng lebitso la morabe o moholo [[Afrika Borwa]] . Jwale e kenyeletsa Mazulu, Maxhosa, MaNdebele le Maswati hara ba bang.

Bongata ba merabe e fapaneng ya Nguni e latela leloko la yona ho ya ho Mnguni, Morena wa setjhaba sa Nguni se kopaneng (pele ho MaZulu, pele ho MaXhosa, pele ho MaNdebele, pele ho MaSwazi jj.) Afrika Borwa. Marena a Maxhosa a latela leloko la ona ho ya ho Mnguni, kaha mothehi wa Mmuso wa Maxhosa e ne e le mojalefa wa hae wa Maxhosa . 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
      <sha1>8vs7sljw8m5djhfebi2niezrx0i6w46</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>41798</id>
      <parentid>41797</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T16:38:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
        <id>11165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>41798</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1028" sha1="7ovlyzurflq7a3okfz391psywgzu7x4" xml:space="preserve">Ho ne ho thwe '''Mnguni''' ke moetapele - le moholo-holo wa pele ya bitswang - wa setjhaba sa Nguni&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=lHGgEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Mnguni+Xhosa&amp;pg=PT315&lt;/ref&gt;  ya ileng a fihla Afrika Borwa a falla a tswa Leboya. Ho phaella moo, e ne e le ntate wa Morena Xhosa.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=ua-AEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Mnguni+Xhosa&amp;pg=PT93&lt;/ref&gt;  Batho ba Maxhosa, bao kajeno ba nkuwang e le setjhaba se senyenyane sa setjhaba sa Nguni, ba ne ba bitswa AbeNguni nalaneng. Lebitso la Mnguni le tswa lentsweng Nguni, e leng lebitso la morabe o moholo [[Afrika Borwa]] . Jwale e kenyeletsa Mazulu, Maxhosa, MaNdebele le Maswati hara ba bang.

Bongata ba merabe e fapaneng ya Nguni e latela leloko la yona ho ya ho Mnguni, Morena wa setjhaba sa Nguni se kopaneng (pele ho MaZulu, pele ho MaXhosa, pele ho MaNdebele, pele ho MaSwazi jj.) [[Afrika Borwa|Afrika Borwa.]] Marena a Maxhosa a latela leloko la ona ho ya ho Mnguni, kaha mothehi wa Mmuso wa Maxhosa e ne e le mojalefa wa hae wa Maxhosa . 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sehlopha sa Khumalo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11116</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41799</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T16:41:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
        <id>11165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366140487|Khumalo gang]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>41799</origin>
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      <text bytes="248" sha1="a4guvk70p86l3blunkzn4aexvriemut" xml:space="preserve">'''Sehlopha sa Khumalo''' e ne e le sehlopha se hlometseng karolong ya Joe Slovo Afrika Borwa.  E ne e eteletswe pele ke Mbhekiseni Khumalo, mothehi wa sehlopha se senyenyane sa Bokreste ba MaZionist.  E ne e amana le Mokga wa Tokoloho wa Inkatha .</text>
      <sha1>a4guvk70p86l3blunkzn4aexvriemut</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>41800</id>
      <parentid>41799</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T16:41:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
        <id>11165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>41800</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="304" sha1="h54lpjbp4eaaiss9opb5x8dyevnd6lx" xml:space="preserve">'''Sehlopha sa Khumalo''' e ne e le sehlopha se hlometseng karolong ya Joe Slovo Afrika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Marinovich&lt;/ref&gt;  E ne e eteletswe pele ke Mbhekiseni Khumalo, mothehi wa sehlopha se senyenyane sa Bokreste ba MaZionist.  E ne e amana le Mokga wa Tokoloho wa Inkatha .</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>41801</id>
      <parentid>41800</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T16:44:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
        <id>11165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke kentse  linki</comment>
      <origin>41801</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="364" sha1="qz03eax9234r4a3i0ohjr1cgl4027ay" xml:space="preserve">'''Sehlopha sa Khumalo''' e ne e le sehlopha se hlometseng karolong ya Joe Slovo Afrika Borwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Marinovich&lt;/ref&gt;  E ne e eteletswe pele ke Mbhekiseni Khumalo, mothehi wa sehlopha se senyenyane sa Bokreste ba MaZionist. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; E ne e amana le Mokga wa Tokoloho wa Inkatha .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hlonipha Mokoena</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11117</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41802</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T16:47:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
        <id>11165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314665187|Hlonipha Mokoena]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>41802</origin>
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      <text bytes="500" sha1="mppt4z5pt17w3uyee9by2sngeylh7af" xml:space="preserve">'''Hlonipha Mokoena''' ke rahistori wa Afrika Borwa Setsing sa Wits sa Dipatlisiso tsa Setjhaba le Moruo sa Univesithi ya Witwatersrand . Ke setsebi sa nalane ya kelello ya Afrika Borwa.  O kile a sebetsa lefapheng la thuto ya batho Univesithing ya Columbia .  O fumane lengolo la hae la PhD ho tswa Univesithing ya Cape Town ka 2005.  Buka ya hae, ''Magema Fuze: The Making of a Kholwa Intellectual'', e bua ka [[Magema Magwaza Fuze]], sebui sa pele sa Sezulu se ileng sa phatlalatsa buka ka puo eo.</text>
      <sha1>mppt4z5pt17w3uyee9by2sngeylh7af</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>41803</id>
      <parentid>41802</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T16:48:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
        <id>11165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>41803</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="578" sha1="czomnym64aomfham9lhnh3zjfzruzry" xml:space="preserve">'''Hlonipha Mokoena''' ke rahistori wa Afrika Borwa Setsing sa Wits sa Dipatlisiso tsa Setjhaba le Moruo sa Univesithi ya Witwatersrand . Ke setsebi sa nalane ya kelello ya Afrika Borwa.  O kile a sebetsa lefapheng la thuto ya batho Univesithing ya Columbia .&lt;ref&gt;https://www.socialdifference.columbia.edu/faculty-/hlonipha-mokoena&lt;/ref&gt;  O fumane lengolo la hae la PhD ho tswa Univesithing ya Cape Town ka 2005.  Buka ya hae, ''Magema Fuze: The Making of a Kholwa Intellectual'', e bua ka [[Magema Magwaza Fuze]], sebui sa pele sa Sezulu se ileng sa phatlalatsa buka ka puo eo.</text>
      <sha1>czomnym64aomfham9lhnh3zjfzruzry</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>41804</id>
      <parentid>41803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T16:56:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
        <id>11165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>41804</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="678" sha1="gzdqrce36m2hq2427vmpryp33vx0aja" xml:space="preserve">'''Hlonipha Mokoena''' ke rahistori wa Afrika Borwa Setsing sa Wits sa Dipatlisiso tsa Setjhaba le Moruo sa Univesithi ya Witwatersrand . Ke setsebi sa nalane ya kelello ya Afrika Borwa. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.socialdifference.columbia.edu/faculty-/hlonipha-mokoena&lt;/ref&gt; O kile a sebetsa lefapheng la thuto ya batho Univesithing ya Columbia .&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20180729230739/https://wiser.wits.ac.za/users/hlonipha-mokoena&lt;/ref&gt; O fumane lengolo la hae la PhD ho tswa Univesithing ya Cape Town ka 2005.  Buka ya hae, ''Magema Fuze: The Making of a Kholwa Intellectual'', e bua ka [[Magema Magwaza Fuze]], sebui sa pele sa Sezulu se ileng sa phatlalatsa buka ka puo eo.</text>
      <sha1>gzdqrce36m2hq2427vmpryp33vx0aja</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>41805</id>
      <parentid>41804</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T16:57:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
        <id>11165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke kentse  dilinki</comment>
      <origin>41805</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="749" sha1="6xf7hex6ewvaxz3657yhhysm9a65nb1" xml:space="preserve">'''Hlonipha Mokoena''' ke rahistori wa Afrika Borwa Setsing sa Wits sa Dipatlisiso tsa Setjhaba le Moruo sa Univesithi ya Witwatersrand . Ke setsebi sa nalane ya kelello ya Afrika Borwa. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.socialdifference.columbia.edu/faculty-/hlonipha-mokoena&lt;/ref&gt; O kile a sebetsa lefapheng la thuto ya batho Univesithing ya Columbia .&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20180729230739/https://wiser.wits.ac.za/users/hlonipha-mokoena&lt;/ref&gt; O fumane lengolo la hae la PhD ho tswa Univesithing ya Cape Town ka 2005.&lt;ref&gt;https://theconversation.com/profiles/hlonipha-mokoena-296367&lt;/ref&gt;  Buka ya hae, ''Magema Fuze: The Making of a Kholwa Intellectual'', e bua ka [[Magema Magwaza Fuze]], sebui sa pele sa Sezulu se ileng sa phatlalatsa buka ka puo eo.</text>
      <sha1>6xf7hex6ewvaxz3657yhhysm9a65nb1</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>41806</id>
      <parentid>41805</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T16:59:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
        <id>11165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke kentse  linki</comment>
      <origin>41806</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="863" sha1="lhflckttljhja7xpxe3q8bcalxmsljg" xml:space="preserve">'''Hlonipha Mokoena''' ke rahistori wa Afrika Borwa Setsing sa Wits sa Dipatlisiso tsa Setjhaba le Moruo sa Univesithi ya Witwatersrand . Ke setsebi sa nalane ya kelello ya Afrika Borwa. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.socialdifference.columbia.edu/faculty-/hlonipha-mokoena&lt;/ref&gt; O kile a sebetsa lefapheng la thuto ya batho Univesithing ya Columbia .&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20180729230739/https://wiser.wits.ac.za/users/hlonipha-mokoena&lt;/ref&gt; O fumane lengolo la hae la PhD ho tswa Univesithing ya Cape Town ka 2005.&lt;ref&gt;https://theconversation.com/profiles/hlonipha-mokoena-296367&lt;/ref&gt;  Buka ya hae, ''Magema Fuze: The Making of a Kholwa Intellectual'', e bua ka [[Magema Magwaza Fuze]], sebui sa pele sa Sezulu se ileng sa phatlalatsa buka ka puo eo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20180730021943/http://www.blackportraitures.info/speakers/hlonipha-mokoena/&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lhflckttljhja7xpxe3q8bcalxmsljg</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>41807</id>
      <parentid>41806</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T17:00:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
        <id>11165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>41807</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="938" sha1="raqsjpnoefh6cwgpw2x2l4uwlsa9750" xml:space="preserve">'''Hlonipha Mokoena''' ke rahistori wa Afrika Borwa Setsing sa Wits sa Dipatlisiso tsa Setjhaba le Moruo sa Univesithi ya Witwatersrand . Ke setsebi sa nalane ya kelello ya Afrika Borwa. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.socialdifference.columbia.edu/faculty-/hlonipha-mokoena&lt;/ref&gt; O kile a sebetsa lefapheng la thuto ya batho Univesithing ya Columbia .&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20180729230739/https://wiser.wits.ac.za/users/hlonipha-mokoena&lt;/ref&gt; O fumane lengolo la hae la PhD ho tswa Univesithing ya Cape Town ka 2005.&lt;ref&gt;https://theconversation.com/profiles/hlonipha-mokoena-296367&lt;/ref&gt;  Buka ya hae, ''Magema Fuze: The Making of a Kholwa Intellectual'', e bua ka [[Magema Magwaza Fuze]], sebui sa pele sa Sezulu se ileng sa phatlalatsa buka ka puo eo.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20180730021943/http://www.blackportraitures.info/speakers/hlonipha-mokoena/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02590123.2012.11964180&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ho thunngwa ha Soweto ka 2022</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11118</id>
    <revision>
      <id>41809</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T19:40:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327449126|2022 Soweto shooting]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1012" sha1="2z5kk8n6gwtnr8kxv28475cqv495q98" xml:space="preserve">Ka la 9 Phupu 2022, ho ile ha etsahala ho thunyana ho hoholo tavern e Orlando, Soweto, Gauteng, Afrika Borwa. Batho ba 16 ba bolailwe ketsahalong eo.  

Hoo e ka bang ka hora ya bo 21:00 GMT, sehlopha sa banna ba hlometseng ka dithunya le sethunya sa 9mm se ile sa thunya bareki ba neng ba le ka tavern. Batho ba 23 kaofela ba ile ba thunngwa. Batho ba 12 ba ile ba bolawa sebakeng seo mme ba bang ba 3 ba ile ba hlokahalla sepetlele hamorao. Motho wa bone ya lemetseng o hlokahetse sepetlele ka la 12 Phupu, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore palo ya ba shweleng e be 16. Bahlasedi ba ile ba baleha sebakeng seo ka tekesi e tshweu ya bese e nyane mme ha ba eso tshwerwe. Mapolesa a fihlile ka 04:00 GMT ka la 10 Phupu 2022, mme bahlaseduwa ba lemetseng ba ile ba romelwa Sepetleleng sa Chris Hani Baragwanath. 

Ho thunyana hona ho etsahetse letsatsing lona leo ho bileng le ho thunyana ho hoholo ha batho ka bongata tavern e Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, leha balaodi ba sa dumele hore diketsahalo tsena Di amana.</text>
      <sha1>2z5kk8n6gwtnr8kxv28475cqv495q98</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>41810</id>
      <parentid>41809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T19:44:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>41810</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1067" sha1="43dwu87dhfc9pxqt3utnu8450nmcdax" xml:space="preserve">Ka la 9 Phupu 2022, ho ile ha etsahala ho thunyana ho hoholo tavern e Orlando, Soweto, Gauteng, Afrika Borwa. Batho ba 16 ba bolailwe ketsahalong eo.  

Hoo e ka bang ka hora ya bo 21:00 GMT, sehlopha sa banna ba hlometseng ka dithunya le sethunya sa 9mm&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62111893&lt;/ref&gt; se ile sa thunya bareki ba neng ba le ka tavern. Batho ba 23 kaofela ba ile ba thunngwa. Batho ba 12 ba ile ba bolawa sebakeng seo mme ba bang ba 3 ba ile ba hlokahalla sepetlele hamorao. Motho wa bone ya lemetseng o hlokahetse sepetlele ka la 12 Phupu, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore palo ya ba shweleng e be 16. Bahlasedi ba ile ba baleha sebakeng seo ka tekesi e tshweu ya bese e nyane mme ha ba eso tshwerwe. Mapolesa a fihlile ka 04:00 GMT ka la 10 Phupu 2022, mme bahlaseduwa ba lemetseng ba ile ba romelwa Sepetleleng sa Chris Hani Baragwanath. 

Ho thunyana hona ho etsahetse letsatsing lona leo ho bileng le ho thunyana ho hoholo ha batho ka bongata tavern e Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, leha balaodi ba sa dumele hore diketsahalo tsena Di amana.</text>
      <sha1>43dwu87dhfc9pxqt3utnu8450nmcdax</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>41811</id>
      <parentid>41810</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T19:45:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
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      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>41811</origin>
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      <text bytes="1179" sha1="tc4b53huyhuhmfumisx7mw9l7y0oiui" xml:space="preserve">Ka la 9 Phupu 2022, ho ile ha etsahala ho thunyana ho hoholo tavern e Orlando, Soweto, Gauteng, Afrika Borwa. Batho ba 16 ba bolailwe ketsahalong eo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africa-shootings-soweto-tavern-kills-14-police-2022-07-10/&lt;/ref&gt;  

Hoo e ka bang ka hora ya bo 21:00 GMT, sehlopha sa banna ba hlometseng ka dithunya le sethunya sa 9mm&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62111893&lt;/ref&gt; se ile sa thunya bareki ba neng ba le ka tavern. Batho ba 23 kaofela ba ile ba thunngwa. Batho ba 12 ba ile ba bolawa sebakeng seo mme ba bang ba 3 ba ile ba hlokahalla sepetlele hamorao. Motho wa bone ya lemetseng o hlokahetse sepetlele ka la 12 Phupu, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore palo ya ba shweleng e be 16. Bahlasedi ba ile ba baleha sebakeng seo ka tekesi e tshweu ya bese e nyane mme ha ba eso tshwerwe. Mapolesa a fihlile ka 04:00 GMT ka la 10 Phupu 2022, mme bahlaseduwa ba lemetseng ba ile ba romelwa Sepetleleng sa Chris Hani Baragwanath. 

Ho thunyana hona ho etsahetse letsatsing lona leo ho bileng le ho thunyana ho hoholo ha batho ka bongata tavern e Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, leha balaodi ba sa dumele hore diketsahalo tsena Di amana.</text>
      <sha1>tc4b53huyhuhmfumisx7mw9l7y0oiui</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>41812</id>
      <parentid>41811</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T19:46:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
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      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>41812</origin>
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      <text bytes="1271" sha1="e92fismkim5oaq1lkh3jecckthazvez" xml:space="preserve">Ka la 9 Phupu 2022, ho ile ha etsahala ho thunyana ho hoholo tavern e Orlando, Soweto, Gauteng, Afrika Borwa. Batho ba 16 ba bolailwe ketsahalong eo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africa-shootings-soweto-tavern-kills-14-police-2022-07-10/&lt;/ref&gt;  

Hoo e ka bang ka hora ya bo 21:00 GMT, sehlopha sa banna ba hlometseng ka dithunya le sethunya sa 9mm&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62111893&lt;/ref&gt; se ile sa thunya bareki ba neng ba le ka tavern. Batho ba 23 kaofela ba ile ba thunngwa. Batho ba 12 ba ile ba bolawa sebakeng seo mme ba bang ba 3 ba ile ba hlokahalla sepetlele hamorao. Motho wa bone ya lemetseng o hlokahetse sepetlele ka la 12 Phupu,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/10/world/africa/south-africa-shooting-soweto.html&lt;/ref&gt; e leng se ileng sa etsa hore palo ya ba shweleng e be 16. Bahlasedi ba ile ba baleha sebakeng seo ka tekesi e tshweu ya bese e nyane mme ha ba eso tshwerwe. Mapolesa a fihlile ka 04:00 GMT ka la 10 Phupu 2022, mme bahlaseduwa ba lemetseng ba ile ba romelwa Sepetleleng sa Chris Hani Baragwanath. 

Ho thunyana hona ho etsahetse letsatsing lona leo ho bileng le ho thunyana ho hoholo ha batho ka bongata tavern e Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, leha balaodi ba sa dumele hore diketsahalo tsena Di amana.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>41813</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-09T19:47:40Z</timestamp>
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        <id>13259</id>
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      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1381" sha1="h5odq05w9ct2c6oqtith0eo8zbq5mpz" xml:space="preserve">Ka la 9 Phupu 2022, ho ile ha etsahala ho thunyana ho hoholo tavern e Orlando, Soweto, Gauteng, Afrika Borwa. Batho ba 16 ba bolailwe ketsahalong eo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africa-shootings-soweto-tavern-kills-14-police-2022-07-10/&lt;/ref&gt;  

Hoo e ka bang ka hora ya bo 21:00 GMT, sehlopha sa banna ba hlometseng ka dithunya le sethunya sa 9mm&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62111893&lt;/ref&gt; se ile sa thunya bareki ba neng ba le ka tavern. Batho ba 23 kaofela ba ile ba thunngwa. Batho ba 12 ba ile ba bolawa sebakeng seo mme ba bang ba 3 ba ile ba hlokahalla sepetlele hamorao. Motho wa bone ya lemetseng o hlokahetse sepetlele ka la 12 Phupu,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/10/world/africa/south-africa-shooting-soweto.html&lt;/ref&gt; e leng se ileng sa etsa hore palo ya ba shweleng e be 16.&lt;ref&gt;https://abcnews.go.com/International/14-dead-injured-south-africa-tavern-shooting/story?id=86547921&lt;/ref&gt; Bahlasedi ba ile ba baleha sebakeng seo ka tekesi e tshweu ya bese e nyane mme ha ba eso tshwerwe. Mapolesa a fihlile ka 04:00 GMT ka la 10 Phupu 2022, mme bahlaseduwa ba lemetseng ba ile ba romelwa Sepetleleng sa Chris Hani Baragwanath. 

Ho thunyana hona ho etsahetse letsatsing lona leo ho bileng le ho thunyana ho hoholo ha batho ka bongata tavern e Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, leha balaodi ba sa dumele hore diketsahalo tsena Di amana.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>41814</id>
      <parentid>41813</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T19:53:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
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      <text bytes="1514" sha1="6e5t78alwmq8c0w2vxdbgcmuvj21m3c" xml:space="preserve">Ka la 9 Phupu 2022, ho ile ha etsahala ho thunyana ho hoholo tavern e Orlando, Soweto, Gauteng, Afrika Borwa. Batho ba 16 ba bolailwe ketsahalong eo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africa-shootings-soweto-tavern-kills-14-police-2022-07-10/&lt;/ref&gt;  

Hoo e ka bang ka hora ya bo 21:00 GMT, sehlopha sa banna ba hlometseng ka dithunya le sethunya sa 9mm&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62111893&lt;/ref&gt; se ile sa thunya bareki ba neng ba le ka tavern. Batho ba 23 kaofela ba ile ba thunngwa. Batho ba 12 ba ile ba bolawa sebakeng seo mme ba bang ba 3 ba ile ba hlokahalla sepetlele hamorao. Motho wa bone ya lemetseng o hlokahetse sepetlele ka la 12 Phupu,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/10/world/africa/south-africa-shooting-soweto.html&lt;/ref&gt; e leng se ileng sa etsa hore palo ya ba shweleng e be 16.&lt;ref&gt;https://abcnews.go.com/International/14-dead-injured-south-africa-tavern-shooting/story?id=86547921&lt;/ref&gt; Bahlasedi ba ile ba baleha sebakeng seo ka tekesi e tshweu ya bese e nyane mme ha ba eso tshwerwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://apnews.com/article/africa-shootings-johannesburg-south-4feca8d299899419cc2bf52bf1589246&lt;/ref&gt; Mapolesa a fihlile ka 04:00 GMT ka la 10 Phupu 2022, mme bahlaseduwa ba lemetseng ba ile ba romelwa Sepetleleng sa Chris Hani Baragwanath.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Ho thunyana hona ho etsahetse letsatsing lona leo ho bileng le ho thunyana ho hoholo ha batho ka bongata tavern e Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, leha balaodi ba sa dumele hore diketsahalo tsena Di amana.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>41815</id>
      <parentid>41814</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-09T19:59:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
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      <text bytes="1685" sha1="29qse2zr5hmrrf1ib91ub3irhbadekl" xml:space="preserve">Ka la 9 Phupu 2022, ho ile ha etsahala ho thunyana ho hoholo tavern e Orlando, Soweto, Gauteng, Afrika Borwa. Batho ba 16 ba bolailwe ketsahalong eo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africa-shootings-soweto-tavern-kills-14-police-2022-07-10/&lt;/ref&gt;  

Hoo e ka bang ka hora ya bo 21:00 GMT, sehlopha sa banna ba hlometseng ka dithunya le sethunya sa 9mm&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62111893&lt;/ref&gt; se ile sa thunya bareki ba neng ba le ka tavern. Batho ba 23 kaofela ba ile ba thunngwa. Batho ba 12 ba ile ba bolawa sebakeng seo mme ba bang ba 3 ba ile ba hlokahalla sepetlele hamorao. Motho wa bone ya lemetseng o hlokahetse sepetlele ka la 12 Phupu,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/10/world/africa/south-africa-shooting-soweto.html&lt;/ref&gt; e leng se ileng sa etsa hore palo ya ba shweleng e be 16.&lt;ref&gt;https://abcnews.go.com/International/14-dead-injured-south-africa-tavern-shooting/story?id=86547921&lt;/ref&gt; Bahlasedi ba ile ba baleha sebakeng seo ka tekesi e tshweu ya bese e nyane mme ha ba eso tshwerwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://apnews.com/article/africa-shootings-johannesburg-south-4feca8d299899419cc2bf52bf1589246&lt;/ref&gt; Mapolesa a fihlile ka 04:00 GMT ka la 10 Phupu 2022, mme bahlaseduwa ba lemetseng ba ile ba romelwa Sepetleleng sa Chris Hani Baragwanath.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Ho thunyana hona ho etsahetse letsatsing lona leo ho bileng le ho thunyana ho hoholo ha batho ka bongata tavern e Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, leha balaodi ba sa dumele hore diketsahalo tsena Di amana.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20220710150251/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africa-shootings-soweto-tavern-kills-14-police-2022-07-10/&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kgetho ya mopresidente ya Orange Free State ya 1888</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>41816</id>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1298444270|1888 Orange Free State presidential election]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="442" sha1="ciitg93h29ak8fobey6raqmfiyajdua" xml:space="preserve">'''Dikgetho tsa mopresidente''' di ile tsa tshwarelwa [[Orange Free State]] ka Tshitwe 1888.  Dikgetho di bone tlholo bakeng sa motho ya tummeng wa dipolotiki le mohale wa ntwa Francis William Reitz .  Ha dikgetho di latela lefu la mopresidente ya neng a le teng Johannes Brand, Reitz o ile a ema a sa hanyetswe. Pieter Jeremias Blignaut, eo e neng e le mopresidente ya sebetsang ka nako e telele kamora lefu la Brand, o ile a hana ho kgetha.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>41838</id>
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      <text bytes="519" sha1="o01o4opuz1cagzfuovj4ql0vg8x2e42" xml:space="preserve">'''Dikgetho tsa mopresidente''' di ile tsa tshwarelwa [[Orange Free State]] ka Tshitwe 1888. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/colonial-history-bloemfontein&lt;/ref&gt; Dikgetho di bone tlholo bakeng sa motho ya tummeng wa dipolotiki le mohale wa ntwa Francis William Reitz .  Ha dikgetho di latela lefu la mopresidente ya neng a le teng Johannes Brand, Reitz o ile a ema a sa hanyetswe. Pieter Jeremias Blignaut, eo e neng e le mopresidente ya sebetsang ka nako e telele kamora lefu la Brand, o ile a hana ho kgetha.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>41839</id>
      <parentid>41838</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-10T04:20:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
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      <text bytes="535" sha1="rocwx3zv2mx32du6xq8rgabn4qq3gc7" xml:space="preserve">'''Dikgetho tsa mopresidente''' di ile tsa tshwarelwa [[Orange Free State]] ka Tshitwe 1888. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/colonial-history-bloemfontein&lt;/ref&gt; Dikgetho di bone tlholo bakeng sa motho ya tummeng wa dipolotiki le mohale wa ntwa Francis William Reitz .  Ha dikgetho di latela lefu la mopresidente ya neng a le teng Johannes Brand, Reitz o ile a ema a sa hanyetswe. Pieter Jeremias Blignaut, eo e neng e le mopresidente ya sebetsang ka nako e telele kamora lefu la Brand, o ile a hana ho kgetha. 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Noel Mostert</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>41841</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>13259</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1144933932|Noel Mostert]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="668" sha1="2wh3reo2fshdwh8ctbx1y8xfmqu1drt" xml:space="preserve">'''Noël Mostert''' e ne e le rahistori wa Afrika Boroa le mongodi wa dibuka tse mmalwa, ho kenyeletswa le ''Supership'' e rekiswang haholo e neng e hlahloba kgwebo ya ho romela oli pele ho 1974 ha e ne e hatiswa.   Hara dihlooho tse fapaneng tse akaretswang, ''Supership'' e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea mathata a metjhini a amanang le VLCC (dijari tse kgolo haholo tsa oli e tala)  le puisano ya tshusumetso ya tshilafalo ya oli lewatleng. Mesebetsi ya morao ya Mostert e kenyelletsa ''Frontiers: The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People'' (1992)  le ''The Line upon a Wind: The Greatest War Fought at Sea Under Sail, 1793–1815'' (2007).</text>
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      <text bytes="751" sha1="f5u4drray85dtt4nqtumsahpcu05nym" xml:space="preserve">'''Noël Mostert''' e ne e le rahistori wa Afrika Boroa le mongodi wa dibuka tse mmalwa, ho kenyeletswa le ''Supership'' e rekiswang haholo e neng e hlahloba kgwebo ya ho romela oli pele ho 1974 ha e ne e hatiswa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50632892/supership-by-noel-mostert-1975/&lt;/ref&gt;   Hara dihlooho tse fapaneng tse akaretswang, ''Supership'' e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea mathata a metjhini a amanang le VLCC (dijari tse kgolo haholo tsa oli e tala)  le puisano ya tshusumetso ya tshilafalo ya oli lewatleng. Mesebetsi ya morao ya Mostert e kenyelletsa ''Frontiers: The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People'' (1992)  le ''The Line upon a Wind: The Greatest War Fought at Sea Under Sail, 1793–1815'' (2007).</text>
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      <text bytes="840" sha1="mmusj1x9omxrpqrq30gywn77yngzwec" xml:space="preserve">'''Noël Mostert''' e ne e le rahistori wa Afrika Boroa le mongodi wa dibuka tse mmalwa, ho kenyeletswa le ''Supership'' e rekiswang haholo e neng e hlahloba kgwebo ya ho romela oli pele ho 1974 ha e ne e hatiswa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50632892/supership-by-noel-mostert-1975/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50633002/the-supership-superbust-noel-mostert/&lt;/ref&gt;   Hara dihlooho tse fapaneng tse akaretswang, ''Supership'' e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea mathata a metjhini a amanang le VLCC (dijari tse kgolo haholo tsa oli e tala)  le puisano ya tshusumetso ya tshilafalo ya oli lewatleng. Mesebetsi ya morao ya Mostert e kenyelletsa ''Frontiers: The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People'' (1992)  le ''The Line upon a Wind: The Greatest War Fought at Sea Under Sail, 1793–1815'' (2007).</text>
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      <text bytes="931" sha1="kzydgcoyr4sfiorcpzl3huxukringh1" xml:space="preserve">'''Noël Mostert''' e ne e le rahistori wa Afrika Boroa le mongodi wa dibuka tse mmalwa, ho kenyeletswa le ''Supership'' e rekiswang haholo e neng e hlahloba kgwebo ya ho romela oli pele ho 1974 ha e ne e hatiswa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50632892/supership-by-noel-mostert-1975/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50633002/the-supership-superbust-noel-mostert/&lt;/ref&gt;   Hara dihlooho tse fapaneng tse akaretswang, ''Supership'' e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea mathata a metjhini a amanang le VLCC (dijari tse kgolo haholo tsa oli e tala)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50633245/tankers-power-loss-brings-book-to-life/&lt;/ref&gt;  le puisano ya tshusumetso ya tshilafalo ya oli lewatleng. Mesebetsi ya morao ya Mostert e kenyelletsa ''Frontiers: The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People'' (1992)  le ''The Line upon a Wind: The Greatest War Fought at Sea Under Sail, 1793–1815'' (2007).</text>
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      <text bytes="979" sha1="f69y2fv4qcc48kzpmozgwfr5l8ur6iz" xml:space="preserve">'''Noël Mostert''' e ne e le rahistori wa Afrika Boroa le mongodi wa dibuka tse mmalwa, ho kenyeletswa le ''Supership'' e rekiswang haholo e neng e hlahloba kgwebo ya ho romela oli pele ho 1974 ha e ne e hatiswa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50632892/supership-by-noel-mostert-1975/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50633002/the-supership-superbust-noel-mostert/&lt;/ref&gt;   Hara dihlooho tse fapaneng tse akaretswang, ''Supership'' e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea mathata a metjhini a amanang le VLCC (dijari tse kgolo haholo tsa oli e tala)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50633245/tankers-power-loss-brings-book-to-life/&lt;/ref&gt;  le puisano ya tshusumetso ya tshilafalo ya oli lewatleng. Mesebetsi ya morao ya Mostert e kenyelletsa ''Frontiers: The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People'' (1992)&lt;ref&gt;https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/9723438&lt;/ref&gt;  le ''The Line upon a Wind: The Greatest War Fought at Sea Under Sail, 1793–1815'' (2007).</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>41846</id>
      <parentid>41845</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-10T09:06:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>SANKOMOTA</username>
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      <text bytes="1046" sha1="9m5cs4mwmvpjm8qv1sas5i1lu7oatvf" xml:space="preserve">'''Noël Mostert''' e ne e le rahistori wa Afrika Boroa le mongodi wa dibuka tse mmalwa, ho kenyeletswa le ''Supership'' e rekiswang haholo e neng e hlahloba kgwebo ya ho romela oli pele ho 1974 ha e ne e hatiswa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50632892/supership-by-noel-mostert-1975/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50633002/the-supership-superbust-noel-mostert/&lt;/ref&gt;   Hara dihlooho tse fapaneng tse akaretswang, ''Supership'' e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea mathata a metjhini a amanang le VLCC (dijari tse kgolo haholo tsa oli e tala)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50633245/tankers-power-loss-brings-book-to-life/&lt;/ref&gt;  le puisano ya tshusumetso ya tshilafalo ya oli lewatleng. Mesebetsi ya morao ya Mostert e kenyelletsa ''Frontiers: The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People'' (1992)&lt;ref&gt;https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/9723438&lt;/ref&gt;  le ''The Line upon a Wind: The Greatest War Fought at Sea Under Sail, 1793–1815'' (2007).&lt;ref&gt;https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/9534022&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1042" sha1="hdqca8ps01d3b8wlex5o4iuomifiakk" xml:space="preserve">'''Noël Mostert''' e ne e le rahistori wa Afrika Boroa le mongodi wa dibuka tse mmalwa, ho kenyeletswa le ''Supership'' e rekiswang haholo e neng e hlahloba kgwebo ya ho romela oli pele ho 1974 ha e ne e hatiswa.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50632892/supership-by-noel-mostert-1975/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50633002/the-supership-superbust-noel-mostert/&lt;/ref&gt; Hara dihlooho tse fapaneng tse akaretswang, ''Supership'' e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ya mathata a metjhini a amanang le VLCC (dijari tse kgolo haholo tsa oli e tala)&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50633245/tankers-power-loss-brings-book-to-life/&lt;/ref&gt; le puisano ya tshusumetso ya tshilafalo ya oli lewatleng. Mesebetsi ya morao ya Mostert e kenyelletsa ''Frontiers: The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People'' (1992)&lt;ref&gt;https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/9723438&lt;/ref&gt; le ''The Line upon a Wind: The Greatest War Fought at Sea Under Sail, 1793–1815'' (2007).&lt;ref&gt;https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/9534022&lt;/ref&gt; 

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