Asia

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    <title>Asia</title>
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      <text bytes="7670" sha1="6h0ixw1pvx78tvmua54h3vrij33r8nx" xml:space="preserve">{{Haikal FK 1705|ᮃᮞᮤᮚ}}
[[Gambar:LocationAsia.png|thumb|300px|Lokasi benua Asia]]
[[Buana]] '''Asia''' diwatesan ku ngabagi [[Éropa]] jeung [[Afrika]] tina daratan [[Afrika-Eurasia]] nu sakitu legana. Watesna teu pati écés, komo di lebah Asia jeung Éropa mah: Asia jeung Afrika tepung deukeut [[Terusan Suéz]], sedengkeun jeung Éropa aya di sapanjang [[Dardanéla]], [[Laut Marmara]], [[Bosporus]], [[Laut Hideung]], pagunungan [[Kaukasus]], [[Laut Kaspia]], [[Walungan Ural]]. Kira 60% ti populasi sadunya aya di Asia. Tempo ogé [[Eurasia]].

Wewengkon '''Asia''' ngawengku buana Asia jeung sababaraha [[pulo]] sabudeureunana di [[Samudera Indonésia]] jeung [[Samudra Pasifik|Pasifik]].

== Subwilayah ==
[[Gambar:Asia-map.png|300px|thumb|Peta Asia]]

Sakumaha nu geus disebutkeun yén Asia bisa dianggap salaku subwilayah [[Eurasia]] nu leuwih gedé. Pikeun babagian nurutkeun istilah ieu, tempo [[Eurasia Kalér]] jeung [[Eurasia Tengah]].

Asia mindeng dibagi jadi sababaraha subwilayah:

=== Asia Kalér ===
Istilah ieu jarang dipaké ku ahli géografi, tapi biasana nujul ka bagian Asia wewengkon [[Rusia]], nu ogé katelah [[Sibéria]]. Kadang nagara-nagara Asia di béh kalér kayaning [[Kazastan]] ogé kaasup [[Asia Kalér]].

=== Asia Tengah ===
Taya konsénsus ngeunaan istilah ieu, tapi biasana [[Asia Tengah]] ngawengku
* [[Républik Asia Tengah]] [[Kazastan]], [[Uzbékistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkménistan]], jeung [[Kirgistan]].
* [[Afganistan]], [[Mongolia]], jeung wewengkon kulon [[Cina]].

=== Asia Wétan ===
[[Asia Wétan]] ngawengku:
* Kapuloan [[Samudra Pasifik|Pasifik]] [[Taiwan]] jeung [[Jepang]].
* [[Koréa Kalér]] jeung [[Koréa Kidul|Kidul]] di [[Bojong Koréa]].
* [[Cina]], utamana wewengkon wétan

Kadang [[Mongolia]] ogé diasupkeun ka Asia Wétan.

=== Asia Tenggara ===
[[Asia Tenggara]] ngawengku [[Bojong Malaya]], [[Indocina]], jeung nagara-nagara di [[Samudra Indonésia]] jeung [[Samudra Pasifik|Pasifik]], nyaéta nagara-nagara
* di [[Asia Tenggara Darat]]: [[Myanmar]], [[Muangtai]], [[Laos]], [[Kamboja]], jeung [[Viétnam]] 
* di [[Asia Tenggara Maritim]]: [[Malaysia]], [[Filipina]], [[Singapura]], [[Indonésia]], [[Brunéi]], jeung [[Timor Wétan]].

[[Malaysia]] kabeulah dua ku [[Laut Cina Kidul]].

=== Asia Kidul ===
[[Asia kidul]] nujul ka [[subbenua India]], nu ngawengku
* [[Wilayah Himalaya]] [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Népal]], [[Butan]], jeung [[Bangladés]]
* nagara-nagara [[Samudra Indonésia]]: [[Sri Langka]] jeung [[Maldiva]].

=== Asia Kidul-kuloneun ===
Katelah ogé [[Timur Tengah]], najan sabenerna mah istilah éta ngawengku ogé nagara-nagara [[Afrika Kalér]]. Wewengkon ieu bisa dibagi-bagi deui kana
* [[Anatolia]], nu ngawengku nagara [[Turki]] 
* [[Siprus]] di [[Laut Méditerania]].
* [[Levant]] atawa [[Wétan Deukeut]], nu ngawengku [[Suriah]], [[Israél]], [[Jordania]], [[Libanon]] jeung [[Irak]].
* [[Bojong Arabia]], ngawengku [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Uni Émirat Arab]], [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]], [[Oman]], [[Yaman]] jeung kadang-kadang [[Kuwait]].
* Wewengkon [[Kaucasus]], ngawengku nagara [[Jorjia (nagara)|Jorjia]], [[Azerbaijan]] jeung [[Arménia]].
* The [[Iranian Plateau]], containing [[Iran]] and parts of other nations.

Also see [[Gulf States]], for a different grouping involving several of the above countries.

== Dénsitas populasi ==
[[Gambar:Asia_satellite_orthographic.jpg|250px|thumb|Foto komposit ti satelit]]
Di handap dibéréndélkeun nagara-nagara katut [[dénsitas populasi]]na.

Teu kawas gambaran dina artikel nagara-nagara, the figures in this table are based on aréas including inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers) and may therefore be lower here.

[[Mesir]], [[Rusia]], [[Kazastan]], [[Jorjia]], [[Azérbaijan]], jeung [[Turki]], diasupkeun ogé dina tabel, najan ukur sabagian wilayahna nu asup Asia. [[Sisi Kulon]] jeung [[Jalur Gaza]] dihijikeun dina [[Paléstina]].

{| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#F0EBAA&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;;
! Nagara
! Dén. pop.
! Lega
! Populasi
|- bgcolor=&quot;#F0EBAA&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;;
!
! (/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
! (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
! (panengah [[2002]])
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Makau]] (PRC)
| 18.000
| 25
| 461.833
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Hong Kong]] (PRC)
| 6.688
| 1.092
| 7.303.334
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Singapura]]
| 6.430
| 693
| 4.452.732
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Maldiva]]
| 1.070
| 300
| 320.165
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Bahrain]]
| 987
| 665
| 656.397
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Bangladés]]
| 926
| 144.000
| 133.376.684
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Républik Cina]] ([[Taiwan]], [[Quimoy]], [[Kapuloan Matsu|Matsu]])
| 627
| 35.980
| 22.548.009
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Paléstina]]
| 545
| 6.220
| 3.389.578
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Koréa Kidul]]
| 491
| 98.480
| 48.324.000
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Libanon]]
| 354
| 10.400
| 3.677.780
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Jepang]]
| 336
| 377.835
| 126.974.628
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[India]]
| 318
| 3.287.590
| 1.045.845.226
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Sri Langka]]
| 298
| 65.610
| 19.576.783
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Israél]]
| 290
| 20.770
| 6.029.529
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Filipina]]
| 282
| 300.000
| 84.525.639
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Viétnam]]
| 246
| 329.560
| 81.098.416
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Koréa Kalér]]
| 184
| 120.540
| 22.224.195
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Népal]]
| 184
| 140.800
| 25.873.917
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Pakistan]]
| 184
| 803.940
| 147.663.429
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Républik Rahayat Cina]] ([[Cina Darat|Darat]])
| 134
| 9.596.960
| 1.284.303.705
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Muangtai]]
| 121
| 514.000
| 62.354.402
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Indonésia]]
| 121
| 1.919.440
| 231.328.092
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Kuwait]]
| 118
| 17.820
| 2.111.561
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Arménia]]
| 112
| 29.800
| 3.330.099
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Siria]]
| 93
| 185.180
| 17.155.814
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Azérbaijan]]
| 90
| 86.600
| 7.798.497
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Turki]]
| 86
| 780.580
| 67.308.928
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Siprus]]
| 83
| 9.250
| 775.927
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Jorjia (nagara)|Jorjia]]
| 71
| 69.700
| 4.960.951
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Kamboja]]
| 71
| 181.040
| 12.775.324
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Mesir]]
| 71
| 1.001.450
| 70.712.345
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Qatar]]
| 69
| 11.437
| 793.341
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Malaysia]]
| 69
| 329.750
| 22.662.365
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Timor Wétan]]
| 63
| 15.007
| 952.618
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Myanmar]]
| 62
| 678.500
| 42.238.224
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Brunéi]]
| 61
| 5.770
| 350.898
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Jordania]]
| 58
| 92.300
| 5.307.470
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Uzbékistan]]
| 57
| 447.400
| 25.563.441
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Iraq]]
| 55
| 437.072
| 24.001.816
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Tajikistan]]
| 47
| 143.100
| 6.719.567
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Butan]]
| 45
| 47.000
| 2.094.176
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Afganistan]]
| 43
| 647.500
| 27.755.775
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Iran]]
| 40
| 1.648.000
| 66.622.704
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Yaman]]
| 35
| 527.970
| 18.701.257
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Uni Emirates]]
| 30
| 82.880
| 2.445.989
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Laos]]
| 24
| 236.800
| 5.777.180
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Kyrgyzstan]]
| 24
| 198.500
| 4.822.166
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Oman]]
| 13
| 212.460
| 2.713.462
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Saudi Arabia]]
| 12
| 1.960.582
| 23.513.330
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Turkmenistan]]
| 9,6
| 488.100
| 4.688.963
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Russia]]
| 8,5
| 17.075.200
| 144.978.573
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Kazakhstan]]
| 6,2
| 2.717.300
| 16.741.519
|-
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Mongolia]]
| 1,7
| 1.565.000
| 2.694.432
|- style=&quot;font-weight:bold;&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; | Total
| 80,5
| 49.694.698
| 4.000.601.258
|}

== Tempo ogé ==
{{commons|Asia}}

{{Buana}}
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Asia}}

[[Kategori:Buana]]
[[Kategori:Asia|Asia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Séréh</title>
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      <text bytes="4930" sha1="0vjkv1pwro1pjxbny0k4q60mqu0kreu" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox_begin | color = lightgreen| ngaran = ''Séréh''}}
{{Taxobox_image | image = [[Gambar:Serai.jpg|240px]] | caption = Séréh}}
{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = lightgreen}}
{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = [[Plantae]]}}
{{Taxobox_divisio_entry | taxon = [[Magnoliophyta]]}}
{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Magnoliopsida]]}}
{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Poales]]}}
{{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Poaceae]]}}
{{Taxobox genus entry | taxon = '''''Cymbopogon'''''}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Taxobox authority new | authority = [[Kurt Sprengel|Spreng.]]}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = lightgreen| plural_taxon = Spésiés}}
tempo téks
{{Taxobox_end}}

'''Séréh''' (''Cybopogon cytratus'') nyaéta salah sahiji tutuwuhan tina kulawarga Poacéae. Ieu mangrupa sabangsaning [[tutuwuhan]] [[jukut|jujukutan]] nu daunna panjang siga [[eurih]].&lt;ref name=&quot;hiji&quot;&gt;Sa'adah, Sumiati. 2004. Mengenal Tanaman yang Berkhasiat Obat. Jakarta:Ganesa Exact ISBN 9791211124 ISBN 9789791211123&lt;/ref&gt;  bédana, rumpun séréh leuwih gedé jeung sok tumuwuh ngagorombol.&lt;ref name=&quot;hiji&quot;/&gt; Daun séréh miboga wangun ipis, lempeng, tulang daun sajajar, tungtung daun nyungcung jeung sisina keusrak.&lt;ref name=&quot;hiji&quot;/&gt; Sok kapanggih bagian luar jerona warna beureum.&lt;ref name=&quot;hiji&quot;/&gt; Sistim akarna kuat pisan jeung jero.&lt;ref name=&quot;hiji&quot;/&gt; Séréh resep kana tempat nu jemlék jeung deukeut kana [[cai]], [[taneuh]] nu gembur/ngeprul, antukna teu héran mun tutuwuhan séréh loba tumuwuh di aréa pasawahan, ''irigasi'', wahangan, jeung sajabana.&lt;ref name=&quot;dua&quot;&gt;Suryo, Joko. 2010. Herbal Sistem Pernafasan. Yogyakarta:Bentang Pustaka ISBN 9792438777 ISBN 9789792438772&lt;/ref&gt;  pikeun ngalobakeun ieu tutuwuhan bisa dilakonan ku cara neukteuk rimpangna/anakna atawa ku cara misahkeun dapuranna tuluy dipelak.&lt;ref name=&quot;dua&quot;/&gt;
séréh miboga loba ngaran di daérah-daérah, saperti sere (Jawa); sarai, sorai, sange-sange (Sumatera); Tonti, sare (Sulawesi); hisa, isa (Maluku).&lt;ref name=&quot;dua&quot;/&gt;

==Sifat Kimiawi==
Séréh ngandung minyak atsiri kalawan ngandung ''citral, geraniol, citronrllal, methylheptenone, eugenol methyleter, dipenten, eugenol kaninen, kadinol'' jeung ''limonene'', Salian éta, sérh ngandung ''alkaloid'', ''flavonoid'', jeung ''polifenol''.&lt;ref name=&quot;dua&quot;/&gt;

==Mangfaat==
Séréh dipaké minangka [[bungbu dapur]] pikeun nyeungitkeun kadaharan; '''minyak séréh''' mangrupa [[minyak atsiri]] meunang nyuling tina [[pepelakan]] ieu.

Salah sahiji kagunaan lianna tina séréh nyaéta bauna nu bisa dipaké keur ngusir [[reungit]], boh pepelakannana, atawa ogé minyakna.

== Ciri manditi ==
Séréh tumuwuh mangrupa rungkun anu miboga akar serabut sarta tangkal anu mangrupa kumpulan pelepah daun (batang semu).
* [[Daun]]: Wangunna pita, panjang, sarta seseukeutna karasa kasar/seukeut.
* [[Ambeu]]: Upami daun atanapi tangkalna ditihtih, bakal ngaluarkeun ambeu seungit anu kuat.
* [[Tumuwuh]]: Séréh tiasa tumuwuh kalayan saé di wewengkon tropis sapertos tatar [[Sunda]], boh di dataran handap atanapi dataran luhur.&lt;ref name=&quot;ipb&quot;&gt;Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika IPB. (2014). [https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ ''Database Tanaman Obat IPB''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202121150/https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ |date=2026-02-02 }}. Bogor: IPB University.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kagunaan salaku Ubar ==
Dina buku ''Tumbuhan Obat Sunda'', séréh miboga mangpaat pikeun:
1. Ubar Nyeuri Awak: Cai kuluban séréh tiasa dipaké pikeun mandi atanapi diinum pikeun ngaleungitkeun rasa cangkeul.
2. Ubar Batuk: Bagian akar sarta tangkalna dikulub pikeun ngubaran gangguan pernapasan.
3. Panyeri Beuteung: Ngubaran mules sarta masuk angin (karasa kembung).
4. Antisépstik: Minyak séréh sering dipaké pikeun ngusir reungit sarta ngubaran ateul-ateul dina kulit.&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;farmasiUI&quot;&gt;Fakultas Farmasi UI. (2021). [http://herbaldb.farmasi.ui.ac.id/v3/index.php?v=article&amp;id=102 ''Cymbopogon citratus'']{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Database Tanaman Obat Magister Farmasi UI.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngaran Daérah ==
* Sunda: ''Séréh''
* Jawa: ''Sere''
* Madura: ''Sere''

== Bacaeun salajengna ==
* Dalimartha, Setiawan. (2000). ''Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Jilid 1''. Jakarta: Trubus Agriwidya.
* Heyne, K. (1913). ''De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië''. Batavia: Ruygrok &amp; Co.

== Tutumbu ka luar ==
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:396739-1 Cymbopogon citratus di Plants of the World Online (Kew Science)]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17158 Profil Spesies di CABI]

== Rujukan ==

==Referensi==
{{reflist}}
{{pondok}}

[[Kategori:Poaceae]]
[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan bungbu]]
[[Kategori:Bungbu]]
[[Kategori:Tuturan ubar]]
[[Kategori:Tuturan di Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Tuturan di Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Tatanén]]</text>
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    <title>Asia Kulon</title>
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      <comment>Reverted 2 edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-30403-98|~2026-30403-98]] ([[User talk:~2026-30403-98|talk]])</comment>
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{{legend|#000080|Asia Kulon Kidul dumasar kalolobaan konteks.}}]]
'''Asia Kulon Kidul''' atawa '''Asia Kidul Kulon''' (loba bagéan nu patumpang tindih jeung [[Wetan Tengah]]) nyaéta [[subwewengkon|bagéan]] kulon kidul [[Asia]]. Istilah '''Asia Kulon''' sakapeung dipaké dina tulisan ngeunaan arkéologi jeung prasajarah wewengkon ieu, sarta dina skema bumi [[subwewengkon]] nu dipaké ku [[PBB]]. Henteu kawas Wetan Tengah, nu kaasup [[Mesir]] nu sabenerna mah aya di [[Afrika]], Asia Kulon mah murni mamngrupakeun istilah [[geografi fisik|geograpis]], nu kaasup [[Asia]] kulon kidul. 
{{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}}
Southwest Asia is partly coterminous with the traditional Européan names the ''Middle East'' and the ''[[Near East]]'', both of which describe the regions' géographical position in relation to Europe rather than their location within Asia. The term ''Western Asia'' has become the preferred term of use for the Middle éast by [[international organization]]s (most notably the [[United Nations]]) and also in African and Asian countries, such as [[India]], because of the perceived [[Eurocentrism]] of the historical term ''Middle East''. In terms of [[cultural geography|cultural]] and [[political geography]], the Middle éast sometimes includes [[North Africa]]n and western [[South Asian]] countries, particularly Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Egypt. 
[[Image:United Nations geographical subregions.png|thumb|570px|right|The definition of cultural-geographical regions in use by the [[United Nations]].]]

The United Nations includes [[marcus]] and the [[South Caucasus]] States ([[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]) in its Western Asian subregion, as they are almost entirely located there. However, these countries also lie in regions that straddle both Asia and [[Europe]], and have sociopolitical ties to the latter. Turkey is located in Europe and in Asia. 
The Asian part of the [[Arab world]] (including [[Arabia]] proper) is called the ''[[Mashreq]]'' in Arabic.

Find out more at [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9052548/Middle-West]

:''See [[continent]] and [[transcontinental country]] for further definitions''

==Teritori==

Southwest Asia is in most contexts méant to encompass:

*{{AFG}}&lt;ref&gt;http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_461511144_4/Ethnic_Groups_in_Canada.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220154333/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_461511144_4/Ethnic_Groups_in_Canada.html |date=2008-02-20 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574726/Asia.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028022525/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574726/Asia.html |date=2009-10-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{ARM}}
*{{AZE}}
*{{BHR}}
*{{CYP}}
*{{GEO}}
*{{IRN}}
*{{IRQ}}
*{{ISR}}
*{{JOR}}
*{{KWT}}
*{{LBN}}
*{{OMN}}
*{{flagicon|PSE}} [[Palestinian Territories]] ([[Gaza Strip]] and [[West Bank]])
*{{QAT}}
*{{SAU}}
*{{SYR}}
*{{UAE}}
*{{YEM}}
*The Asian portions of
**{{EGY}} ([[Sinai Peninsula]])
**{{TUR}} ([[Asia Minor]] or [[Anatolia]])

[[Anatolia]], [[Arabia]], [[Transcaucasia]], [[Levant]], [[Iran]], and [[Mesopotamia]] are subregions of Southwest Asia.

==Dipake dina statistik seke seler==

The Canadian government uses &quot;West Asian&quot; in its statistics; however péople from the Arab countries are counted in a separate &quot;Arab&quot; category.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/89-621-XIE/89-621-XIE2007003.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.google.com/search?q=west+asian+site%3Astatcan.ca&lt;/ref&gt;

== Subwewengkon lian di Asia ==

*[[Asia Wetan]]
*[[Asia Tenggara]] 
*[[Asia Kidul]] ([[sub-buana India]])
*[[Asia Tengah]] 
*[[Asia Kaler]] ([[Siberia]])
*[[Erasia Kaler]] (extends into [[Europe]])
*[[Erasia Tengah]] (extends into [[Europe]])

{{Regions of the world}}

==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}

{{Nagara di Asia Kulon}}

[[Kategori:Wewengkon di Asia]]
[[Kategori:Wétan Tengah]]
[[Kategori:Asia Kulon Kidul| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wétan Tengah</title>
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      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-30403-98|~2026-30403-98]] ([[User talk:~2026-30403-98|talk]])</comment>
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[[Gambar:GreaterMiddleEast2.png|350px|thumb|Wewengkon Wétan Tengah dumasar définisi umum (héjo kolot) jeung dumasar définisi [[G8]] (héjo ngora).]]
'''Wétan Tengah''' mangrupa hiji daérah nu pulitisna jeung budayana mah mangrupa bagian ti buana [[Asia]], atawa [[Afrika-Eurasia]].{{fact}} Puseur ti daérah ieu nyaétaq daratan di antara [[Laut Tengah]] jeung [[Teluk Pérsia]] sarta daérah nu manjang ti [[Anatolia]], [[Jazirah Arab]], jeung [[Samenanjung Sinai]].{{fact}} Kadang disebutkan ogé aréa éta ngawengku daérah ti [[Afrika Kalér]] di beulah kulon nepi ka [[Pakistan]] di beulah wétan jeung [[Kaukasus]] jeung/atawa [[Asia Tengah]] di beulah kalér.{{fact}}

== Wates ==
Istilah 'Wétan Tengah' ngarah ka daérah budaya, jadi teu miboga wates katangtu. Définisi nu umum dipaké nyaéta daérah nu diwangun ti: [[Bahrain]], [[Siprus]], [[Mesir]], [[Turki]], [[Iran]] (Pérsia), [[Irak]], [[Paléstina]], [[Yordania]], [[Kuwait]], [[Libanon]], [[Oman]], [[Qatar]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Suriah]], [[Uni Émirat Arab]], jeung [[Yaman]].

Umumna nu disebut Wétan Tengah harpiah mangrupa daérah-daérah nagara ieu:
* [[Suriah]]
* [[Libanon]]
* [[Paléstina]]
* [[Mesir]]
[[Gambar:MiddleEast.png|thumb|275px|Peta nunjukkeun nagara-nagara nu dipercaya salaku bagian ti Wétan Tengah]]
* [[Arab Saudi]]
* [[Yaman]]
* [[Oman]]
* [[Uni Émirat Arab]]
* [[Bahrain]]
* [[Qatar]]
* [[Irak]]
* [[Kuwait]]

Lalu negara-negara [[Afrika Utara]] juga diikutsertakan:
* [[Maroko]]
* [[Aljazair]]
* [[Libya]]
* [[Tunisia]]
* [[Mauritania]]
* [[Sahara Kulon]]
* [[Sudan]]
* [[Sudan Kidul]]
* [[Éthiopia]]
* [[Éritréa]]
* [[Djibouti]]

Nagara-nagara ieu kadang ogé dipilukeun:
* [[Iran]]
* [[Pakistan]]
* [[Turki]]

== Tempo ogé ==
* [[Wétan Deukeut]]
* [[Wétan Jauh]]
* [[Timor Tengah Kalér]], kabupatén di [[Indonésia]]
* [[Timor Tengah Kidul]], kabupatén di Indonésia

== Tumbu kaluar ==
{{commons|Category:Middle East|Wétan Tengah}}
* {{en}} [http://www.cfr.org/region/397/middle_east.html &quot;Wétan Tengah&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209155728/http://www.cfr.org/region/397/middle_east.html |date=2014-02-09 }} - ''[[Council on Foreign Relations]]''

{{Wétan Tengah}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wetan Tengah}}
[[Kategori:Wétan Tengah| ]]
[[Kategori:Wewengkon di Afrika]]
[[Kategori:Wewengkon di Asia]]


{{geo-stub}}</text>
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    <title>Park Han-byul</title>
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{{Infobox person
| name         = Park Han-byul
| image        = Park ha byul at Ten K-378 Nike wireon Seoul.jpg
| caption      = Park Han-byul dina Ten K-378 Nike di Seoul 23 Oktober 2011
| birth_date   = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1984|11|17}}
| birth_place  = [[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]
| other_names  = Park Han-byeol
| occupation   = [[Aktris]], [[modél]]
| years_active = 2002–kiwari
| agent = [[YG Entertainment]] (2002-2004)&lt;br&gt; MSTeam Entertainment (2004-2011)&lt;br&gt;One Star Entertainment (2015-kiwari)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.etvstory.com/index.php?mid=hotissue&amp;document_srl=25651&amp;order_type=asc Actress Park Han-byul launches one-man agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040125/http://www.etvstory.com/index.php?mid=hotissue&amp;document_srl=25651&amp;order_type=asc |date=2016-03-04 }}, Diaksés 1 Pébruari 2016&lt;/ref&gt; 
| partner      = [[Seven (panyanyi Koréa Kidul)|Se7en]] (2002-2014) &lt;br&gt; [[Jung Eun-woo]] (2014-2015)
| website      = 
| module       = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent
| hangul       = 박한별
| hanja        = 
| rr           = Bak Han-byeol
| mr           = Pak Hanbyǒl
}}
}}
'''Park Han-byul''' ({{lahirmati|[[Seoul]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|17|11|1984||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[modél]] jeung [[aktris]] [[Koréa Kidul]].&lt;ref name=&quot;koreandrama&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=star.koreandrama|first=org|title=Park Han Byul »|url=http://star.koreandrama.org/park-han-byul/|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[koreandrama]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106092428/http://star.koreandrama.org/park-han-byul/ |date=2016-01-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Han-byul mangrupa mahasiswi lulusan ti [[Sakola Luhur Seni Anyang]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Han Byul|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_han_byul/|accessdate=2016-02-01|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Han-byul mimiti dipikawanohna mah ku sabab kamiripanna jeung [[aktris]] [[Jun Ji-hyun]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Han-byul mimiti aktingna dina pilem génré [[horor]] [[Wishing Star]].{{fact}} Demi éta [[pilem]], Han-byul diwajibkeun latihan balét hahanteman salila 2 bulan.&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Berita ngeunaan kahirupan Han-byul teu bisa leupas ti mantan kakasihna, [[Se7en]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Maranéhanana geus papacangan salila 12 ti keur [[SMA]] kénéh.&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Sanggeus pepegatan dina taun [[2014]], Han-byul papacangan jeung [[aktor]] [[Jung Eun-woo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt;

== Filmografi ==

===Tipi===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Taun !! Judul !! Peran
|-
|rowspan=2| 2002 || ''[[My Fair Lady (sérial tipi 2003)|My Fair Lady]]'' || Su Yéon 
|-
| ''Han River Ballad'' || Mee-ae 
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Couple or Trouble]]'' || Oh Yu-gyung
|-
|rowspan=5| 2010 || ''[[Freeze (sérial tipi)|Freeze]]'' || Ji-woo
|-
| ''Blue Fish'' || Kang Yoon-jung
|-
| ''Couple Breaking'' || Han Yéo-kyéong
|-
| ''[[Everybody Cha-cha-cha]]'' (aka ''Jolly Widows'') || Han Jin-kyung
|-
| ''[[Oh! My Lady]]''|| Hong Yoo-ra 
|-
| 2011 || ''Bolder By the Day'' || Lee Han-byul 
|-
| 2013 || ''[[One Well-Raised Daughter]]'' || pikeun Ha-na
|-
| 2015 || ''[[The Girl Who Sees Smells]]'' || Joo Ma Ri (caméo ep 2)
|-
| 2015 || ''[[I Have a Lover|I Have A Lover]]'' || Kang Séol-ri
|-
|2015
|[[Running Man (sérial tipi)|Running Man]]
|Herself&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt;
|-
|}

===Film===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Yéar !! Judul !! Peran
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Wishing Stairs]]'' || Kim So-hee 
|-
|rowspan=1| 2008 || ''[[Fate (pilem 2008)|Fate]]'' || Eun-yéong
|-
|rowspan=1| 2010 ||  ''[[Yoga Hakwon|Yoga]]'' || Yéon-joo
|-
| 2011 || ''[[My Black Mini Dress]]'' || Hye-ji
|-
| 2012 || ''Two Moons'' || So-hee
|-
| rowspan=1| 2013 || ''[[Bunshinsaba 2]]'' || Song Qian&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt;
|}

===Vidio musik===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Taun !! Lagu !! Panyanyi
|-
| 2004 || &quot;Without You&quot; || [[1TYM]]
|-
|rowspan=2| 2010 || &quot;Smiling Goodbye&quot;  || Soya n Sun
|-
| &quot;I'm Going Crazy&quot; || [[Seven (panyanyi Koréa Kidul)|Seven]]
|-
| 2012 || &quot;Beautiful Night&quot; || [[Ulala Session]]
|}

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}
{{biografi-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]]</text>
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    <title>Park Shin-hyé</title>
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{{Infobox person
| name         = Park Shin-hye
| image        = Park Shin-hye from acrofan.jpg
| caption      = 
| birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1990|2|18|26}}
| birth_place  = [[Gwangju]], [[Koréa Kidul]]
|occupation    = [[Aktris]], [[Panyanyi]], [[Modél]]
| years_active = 2003–kiwari
| agent	       = S.A.L.T Entertainment
| family       = Park Shin-won (lanceuk)
| notable_works = ''[[Tree of Heaven (sérial tipi)|Tree of Heaven]]'' &lt;br/&gt; ''[[You're Beautiful (sérial tipi)|You're Beautiful]]'' &lt;br/&gt;  ''[[Heartstrings (sérial tipi)|Heartstrings]]'' &lt;br/&gt;  ''[[Flower Boys Next Door]]'' &lt;br/&gt; ''[[The Heirs (sérial tipi)|The Heirs]]'' &lt;br/&gt;  ''[[Pinocchio (sérial tipi)|Pinocchio]]''
| website      = 
| module       = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent|
| hangul       = 박신혜
| rr           = Bak Sin-hye
}}}}

'''Park Shin-hyé''' ({{lahirmati|[[Gwangju]], [[Koréa Kidul]]|18|2|1990||||}}) nyaéta saurang [[aktris]], [[penyanyi]], [[modél]] sarta panari asal [[Koréa Kidul]].&lt;ref name=&quot;koreadrama&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=koreandrama|first=org|title=Park Shin-hye|url=http://star.koreandrama.org/park-shin-hye/|accessdate=2016-02-08|website=[[Koreandrama.org]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124094905/http://star.koreandrama.org/park-shin-hye/ |date=2016-01-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Park kacatet minangka [[mahasiswa]] [[Universitas Chung-Ang]].&lt;ref name=&quot;koreadrama&quot;/&gt; Ti leuleutik, Park geus mikaresep dunya [[akting]].&lt;ref name=&quot;koreadrama&quot;/&gt; Nalika kelas 6 [[SD]], manéhna pernah miluan audisi pikeun vidio klip ''Ggot - Flower'' tina [[Dream Factory]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Kapanlagi|first=com|title=Profil Park Shin Hye|url=http://kapanlagi.com/chinese/p/park_shin_hye/|accessdate=2016-02-08|website=[[Kapanlagi.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanggeus lolos audisi, manéhna mimiti ngaleukeunan karirna minangka [[panyanyi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Ti harita, manéhna mimiti dipikawanoh minangka [[panyanyi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Lian ti nyanyi, Park sok ngabéntangan ogé sawatara judul [[pilem]] jeung [[sérial tipi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Salah sahiji peranna nyaéta naika maén dina sérial ''You're Beautiful'' jeung Héartstrings.&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt;

Park mimiti dipikawanoh ku [[masarakat]] ti saprak merankeun peran Hang Jung-suh dina sérial [[Stairway to Heaven]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Manéhna tuluy ngabéntangan sérial [[drama]] nu judulna [[Tree of Heaven]] bareng jeung lawan maénna dina [[Stairway to Heaven]], [[Lee Wan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Sérial ieu pernah meunang kritik ti panongtonna ku sabab sawatara adegan mesra anu dilakukeun ku [[Lee Wan]] jeung Park saéstuna mah teu kudu dipidangkeun.&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Sok sanajan kitu, kritikan éta teu matak jadi pangaruh négatif kana karirna.&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Malah mah ngaran Park mingkin nérékél sanggeus dipercaya nyanyikeun ''soundtrack'' sérial [[Tree of Heaven]] nu judulna ''However''.&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt; Ngan hanjakal, ''single'' ieu teu asup kana [[album]] ''soundtrack'' [[Tree of Heaven]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kapanlagi&quot;/&gt;

==Diskografi==
===Singel===
*''Prayer'' (Ost. Tree Of Héaven) 
*''Lovely Day'' (Ost. You'Re Béautiful) 
*''Without A Word'' (Ost. You'Re Béautiful) 
*''It Was You'' (Ost. Cyrano Agency Ost) bareng [[Lee Min-jung]] 
*''The Day We Fall In Love'' (Ost. Héartstrings/You'Ve Fallen For Me) 
*''I Will Forget You'' (Ost. Héartstrings/You'Ve Fallen For Me)
*''I Think Of You'' (Musik jeung Rumpaka) bareng [[Yoon Gun]]
===Filmografi===
*[[2006]] [[Love Phobia ]]
*[[2007]] [[Evil Twin ]]
*[[2010]] [[Cyrano Agency ]]
*[[2010]] [[Green Days ]]
*[[2012]] [[December 23]]
===Sérial Tipi===
*[[2003]] [[Stairway To Heaven]]
*[[2003]] [[Non-Stop 4]]
*[[2004]] [[Boom]]
*[[2004]] [[Not Alone]]
*[[2005]] [[Cute or Crazy]]
*[[2006]] [[Seoul 1945]]
*[[2006]] [[Tree of Heaven]]
*[[2006]] [[Loving Sue]]
*[[2006]] [[Bicheonmu]]
*[[2007]] [[Goong S]]
*[[2007]] [[Several Questions That Make Us Happy]]
*[[2007]] [[Kimcheed Radish Cubes]]
*[[2009]] [[You're Beautiful]]
*[[2010]] [[My Girlfriend Is A Nine-Tailed Fox]]
*[[2010]] [[High Kick Through The Roof]]
*[[2010]] [[Hayate The Combat Butler (sérial tipi)]]
*[[2011]] [[Heartstrings]]
*[[2012]] [[Music And Lyrics]] (Réliti show 3 épisod)
*[[2012]] [[Don'T Worry, I'M A Ghost]] (Drama husus saaksi)

==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}
{{biografi-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Aktris Koréa Kidul]]
[[Kategori:Panyanyi Koréa Kidul]]
[[Kategori:Modél Koréa Kidul]]
[[Kategori:Panari Koréa Kidul]]
[[Kategori:Biografi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>(277810) 2006 FV35</title>
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      <text bytes="2147" sha1="bdn3d9s5e8iecx1fw0h7jortkbgek9t" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:(277810) 2006 FV&lt;sub&gt;35&lt;/sub&gt;}}
{{Infobox Planet 
|minorplanet = yes 
|width = 25em 
|bgcolour = 
|apsis = 
|name = (277810) 2006 FV&lt;sub&gt;35&lt;/sub&gt;
|symbol = 
|image = 
|caption = 
|discovery = yes 
|discovery_ref = 
|discoverer =Spacewatch
|discovery_site =691
|discovered = 2006/03/29
|designations = yes
|mp_name = 
|alt_names = 
|mp_category = 
|orbit_ref = 
|epoch = 
|aphelion =1379
|perihelion =0.623
|semimajor =1001
|eccentricity =0.378
|period = 
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|inclination =7.1
|asc_node =179.5
|mean_anomaly =5.9
|arg_peri =170.9
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|temp_name1 = 
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|abs_magnitude =21.8
}}
Ari '''(277810) 2006 FV&lt;sub&gt;35&lt;/sub&gt;''' mangrupa hiji [[astéroid]]. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina [[astéroid Apollo]], anu nganjrek deukeut jeung [[marcapada]]. [[Ékséntrisitas orbit]] ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.378, sedengkeun [[magnitudo mutlak]]na 21.8. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�408020.

==Bebentukan==
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina [[nébula]] [[panonpoé]] primordial minangka beubeulahan [[planétisimal]], objék di [[nébula]] [[marcapada]] ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi [[planét]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=What Are Asteroids And Comets? | url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast | work=Near Earth Object Program FAQ | publisher=[[NASA]] | accessdate=5/19/2010 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100909210213/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/ | archivedate=9/9/2010 | deadurl=no }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909210213/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast |date=2010-09-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}
==Tutumbu kaluar==
*[http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_apollos.html Daptar astéroid Apollo] - The International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center.
{{astéroid-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Astéroid|277810]]
[[Kategori:Astéroid Apollo|277810]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>164207 Cardea</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-29T16:50:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>10699</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Kwamikagami mindahkeun kaca [[(164207) 2004 GU9]] ka [[164207 Cardea]]</comment>
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|symbol = 
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|caption = 
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|discoverer =LINEAR
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}}
Ari '''(164207) 2004 GU9''' mangrupa hiji [[astéroid]]. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina [[astéroid Apollo]], anu nganjrek deukeut jeung [[marcapada]]. [[Ékséntrisitas orbit]] ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.136, sedengkeun [[magnitudo mutlak]]na 21.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�401378.
==Bebentukan==
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina [[nébula]] [[panonpoé]] primordial minangka beubeulahan [[planétisimal]], objék di [[nébula]] [[marcapada]] ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi [[planét]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=What Are Asteroids And Comets? | url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast | work=Near Earth Object Program FAQ | publisher=[[NASA]] | accessdate=5/19/2010 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100909210213/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/ | archivedate=9/9/2010 | deadurl=no }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210085625/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast |date=2017-02-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}
==Tutumbu kaluar==
*[http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_apollos.html Daptar astéroid Apollo] - The International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center.
{{astéroid-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Astéroid|164207]]
[[Kategori:Astéroid Apollo|164207]]</text>
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}}
Ari '''164207 Cardea''' (2004 GU&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;) mangrupa hiji [[astéroid]]. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina [[astéroid Apollo]], anu nganjrek deukeut jeung [[marcapada]]. [[Ékséntrisitas orbit]] ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.136, sedengkeun [[magnitudo mutlak]]na 21.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�401378.

==Bebentukan==
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina [[nébula]] [[panonpoé]] primordial minangka beubeulahan [[planétisimal]], objék di [[nébula]] [[marcapada]] ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi [[planét]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=What Are Asteroids And Comets? | url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast | work=Near Earth Object Program FAQ | publisher=[[NASA]] | accessdate=5/19/2010 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100909210213/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/ | archivedate=9/9/2010 | deadurl=no }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210085625/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast |date=2017-02-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}
==Tutumbu kaluar==
*[http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_apollos.html Daptar astéroid Apollo] - The International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center.
{{astéroid-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Astéroid|164207]]
[[Kategori:Astéroid Apollo|164207]]</text>
      <sha1>pctkmvr2n277t4w8xqv2uuwoef136hi</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>162173 Ryugu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>70638</id>
    <revision>
      <id>709872</id>
      <parentid>637244</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-29T20:27:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>10699</id>
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|name = 162173 Ryugu
|symbol = 
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|discoverer =LINEAR
|discovery_site =704
|discovered = 1999/05/10
|designations = yes
|mp_name = 
|alt_names = 
|mp_category = 
|orbit_ref = 
|epoch = 
|aphelion =1416
|perihelion =0.963
|semimajor =1190
|eccentricity =0.190
|period = 
|avg_speed = 
|inclination =5.9
|asc_node =251.6
|mean_anomaly =154.0
|arg_peri =211.4
|satellites = 
|physical_characteristics = yes 
|dimensions = 
|mass = 
|density = 
|surface_grav = 
|escape_velocity = 
|sidereal_day = 
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Ari '''162173 Ryugu''' atawa '''1999 JU&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;''' mangrupa hiji [[astéroid]]. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina [[astéroid Apollo]], anu nganjrek deukeut jeung [[marcapada]]. [[Ékséntrisitas orbit]] ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.190, sedengkeun [[magnitudo mutlak]]na 19.3. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�390818.
==Bebentukan==
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina [[nébula]] [[panonpoé]] primordial minangka beubeulahan [[planétisimal]], objék di [[nébula]] [[marcapada]] ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi [[planét]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=What Are Asteroids And Comets? | url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast | work=Near Earth Object Program FAQ | publisher=[[NASA]] | accessdate=5/19/2010 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100909210213/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/ | archivedate=9/9/2010 | deadurl=no }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909210213/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast |date=2010-09-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}
==Tutumbu kaluar==
*[http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_apollos.html Daptar astéroid Apollo] - The International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center.
{{astéroid-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Astéroid]]
[[Kategori:Astéroid Apollo]]</text>
      <sha1>0zptyfq723tl6l1gfffcz8rl40qnhwm</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>101955 Bennu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>709873</id>
      <parentid>637221</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-30T04:23:49Z</timestamp>
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        <id>10699</id>
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|minorplanet = yes 
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|name = 101955 Bennu
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|discovery_site =704
|discovered = 1999/09/11
|designations = yes
|mp_name = 
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|epoch = 
|aphelion =1355
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|period = 
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|inclination =6.0
|asc_node =2.0
|mean_anomaly =312.6
|arg_peri =66.3
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Ari '''101955 Bennu''' atawa '''1999 RQ&lt;sub&gt;36&lt;/sub&gt;''' mangrupa hiji [[astéroid]]. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina [[astéroid Apollo]], anu nganjrek deukeut jeung [[marcapada]]. [[Ékséntrisitas orbit]] ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.204, sedengkeun [[magnitudo mutlak]]na 20.9. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�251037.

==Bebentukan==
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina [[nébula]] [[panonpoé]] primordial minangka beubeulahan [[planétisimal]], objék di [[nébula]] [[marcapada]] ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi [[planét]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=What Are Asteroids And Comets? | url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast | work=Near Earth Object Program FAQ | publisher=[[NASA]] | accessdate=5/19/2010 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100909210213/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/ | archivedate=9/9/2010 | deadurl=no }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909210213/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast |date=2010-09-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}
==Tutumbu kaluar==
*[http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_apollos.html Daptar astéroid Apollo] - The International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center.
{{astéroid-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Astéroid]]
[[Kategori:Astéroid Apollo]]</text>
      <sha1>13cv2rwhdh3zdaataauiig8kiluvd1f</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mulyo Haji, Anak Tuha, Lampung Tengah</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>709874</id>
      <parentid>709807</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-30T05:57:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rachmat04</username>
        <id>10846</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Restored revision 588016 by [[Special:Contributions/EmausBot|EmausBot]] ([[User talk:EmausBot|talk]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="864" sha1="pdko4h2e3xvde8f3k6fj7vhdro27k7e" xml:space="preserve">{{kotakinfo Kalurahan
| nami = Mulyo Haji
| peta = 
| propinsi = Sumatra Kalér
| dati2 = Kabupatén
| nami dati2 = Lampung Tengah
| nami kacamatan = Anak Tuha
| kalurahan = Désa 
| nami lurah = 
| lega = 
| pangeusi = 
| kapadetan = 
}}

'''Mulyo Haji''' nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di [[Anak Tuha, Lampung Tengah|kacamatan Anak Tuha]], [[Kabupatén Lampung Tengah]],  [[Propinsi]] [[Sumatra Kalér]], [[Indonésia]].

&lt;!--
==Sajarah==

==Profil Pamaréntahan==

==Profil Daérah==
===Wates Wilayah===

===Géografis===

===Démografi===

==Atikan==

==Poténsi==
===Pertanian===

===Pakebonan===

==Tumbu Luar==
--&gt;
{{Anak Tuha, Lampung Tengah}}

{{Kalurahan-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Kalurahan/désa di Kabupatén Lampung Tengah|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Kategori:Kalurahan/désa di Anak Tuha, Lampung Tengah|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Kategori:Anak Tuha, Lampung Tengah|{{PAGENAME}}]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tapak liman</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>709870</id>
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        <id>25926</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3866" sha1="ez22zcskvnql3209hqp06qxe1dtz9qd" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Tapa Liman
| image = Aanachuvadi.jpg
| image_caption = Kembang sarta daun Tapa Liman (Elephantopus scaber)
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| subregnum = [[Tracheobionta]]
| superdivisio = [[Spermatophyta]]
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| subclassis = [[Asteridae]]
| ordo = [[Asterales]]
| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Cichorioideae]]
| tribus = [[Vernonieae]]
| genus = ''[[Elephantopus]]''
| species = '''''E. scaber'''''
| binomial = Elephantopus scaber
| binomial_authority = L.
}}

'''Tapak Liman'''; tapa liman; ''( Elephantophus scraber LI)'' nyaéta tutuwuan / tutuwuhan anu gampil pisan hirup di mana wae, disababara tempat loba pisan ngaran gantina saperti tutup bumi, balagaduk, tapak tangan, atanapi tapak tana.

Tutuwuhan ieu lebét kana kaluargi '''''Compositae''''' anu dinamikeun istilah ''Latén'' na '''''Asterocephalus Cochinchinensis Soreng.'''''  Kagunaan Tapak Liman loba pisan pamaké na kanggo [[landong]], kucara ditinyuh caina tuluy di inumkeun, Bagéan tina Tapak Liman anu dianggé bisa  bagean akar daun atawa sakabehna.&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot;&gt;Sudrajat, Jajat. (2015). [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-t_ICgAAQBAJ ''Tumbuhan Obat Sunda'']. Bandung: Polper Press. Kaca 47.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngaran ilmiahna munggaran dicatet ku [[Carl Linnaeus]] dina buku ''Species Plantarum'' (1753). Kecap ''Elephantopus'' asalna tina basa Yunani ''elephas'' (gajah) sarta ''pous'' (suku).&lt;ref name=&quot;kew&quot;&gt;Plants of the World Online. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:200384-1 ''Elephantopus scaber L.'']. Kew Science. Diaksés tanggal 16 Pébruari 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karakteristik Morfologi ==
Tapa liman miboga ciri fisik anu mandiri:
* [[Daun]]: Tumuwuh ngumpul di handap deukeut taneuh (''rosette akar''), wangunna léncéng (oval) sarta miboga bulu-bulu kasar. Ieu daun téh kacida liatna sarta hésé diputuskeun.
* [[Tangkal]]: Tangkal kembangna tumuwuh lempeng ka luhur, miboga dahan anu sakedik, sarta kaku pisan.
* [[Kembang]]: Wangunna bongkol sakedik-sakedik, warnana bungur (ungu) semu bodas, sarta dikurilingan ku daun pelindung anu teuas.&lt;ref name=&quot;ipb&quot;&gt;Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika IPB. (2014). [https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ ''Database Tanaman Obat IPB''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202121150/https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ |date=2026-02-02 }}. Bogor: IPB University. Diaksés tanggal 16 Pébruari 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kagunaan salaku Ubar ==
Dumasar kana rujukan buku ''Tumbuhan Obat Sunda'', sakabéh bagian ieu tutuwuhan (akar, daun, sarta tangkal) miboga mangpaat médis:
# [[Diurétik]] sarta '''Anti-radang''': Dipaké pikeun ngalancarkeun kiih sarta ngubaran radang ginjal atanapi saluran kemih.
# [[Ubar Panas Jero]]: Cai kulubanna ampuh pikeun nurunkeun panas awak sarta ngubaran sariawan.
# Ngaronjatkeun [[Stamina]]: Di sababaraha wewengkon, akarna dipaké salaku jamu kuat alami pikeun lalaki.
# [[Antisépstik]]: Daun anu dititih dipaké pikeun ngubaran raheut luar sarta bisul.&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot; /&gt;

== Sebaran sarta Ékologi ==
Tapa liman asalna ti Asia Tropis sarta parantos sumebar ka Afrika sarta Amérika Kidul. Ieu tutuwuhan biasa tumuwuh di tegalan, sisi jalan, atawa di kebon anu taneuhna rada teuas sarta negrak kakeunaan panonpoé.

== Tutumbu ka luar ==
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:200384-1 Elephantopus scaber di Kew Science]
* [https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/20560 Profil Spesies di CABI]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Rujukan &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.orami.co.id/magazine/tapak-liman/|title=Sering Dianggap Sebagai Tanaman Liar Biasa, Tapak Liman Ternyata Kaya Manfaat|website=www.orami.co.id|language=id|accessdate=2022-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan]]
[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan landong]]
[[Kategori:Asteraceae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pendopo Kabupatén Purwakarta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="11435" sha1="s4o7k93dg9yct2nnz1ej6cyiedypylo" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Pendopo Kabupaten Purwakarta tampak depan.jpg|jmpl|'''Pendopo Kabupaten Purwakarta''' ]]
Pendopo Kabupatén Purwakarta mangrupa wangunan sajarah penting nu dimimitian dina taun 1857 jeung réngsé sakitar taun 1860. Nurutkeun sumber arsip jeung naskah leungeun nu ditulis ku Bupati Karawang di Purwakarta, R.A.A. Sastraadhiningrat III (ngabdi taun 1886-1911). Kawilang mimiti sajarahna, wangunan ieu geus dipaké minangka fasilitas pamaréntahan saprak Purwakarta ditetepkeun minangka puseur administrasi Kabupatén Karawang dina mangsa Bupati R.A.A. Sastraadhiningrat I (1854-1863), nu ogé dipikawanoh ku ngaran R.A. Sumadipura, R. Sumanegara, Uyang Ayim, atawa Dalem Sepuh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kabargempar.com/gedung-negara-dan-pendopo-kabupaten-purwakarta-jejak-sejarah-warisan-budaya-yang-tetap-hidup/|title=Gedung Negara dan Pendopo Kabupaten Purwakarta: Jejak Sejarah, Warisan Budaya yang Tetap Hidup|last=kabargempar.com|website=KabarGEMPAR.com|language=id|accessdate=2025-07-19}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726060847/https://kabargempar.com/gedung-negara-dan-pendopo-kabupaten-purwakarta-jejak-sejarah-warisan-budaya-yang-tetap-hidup/ |date=2025-07-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tugas pangawasan waktu éta dilaksanakeun ku Patih Karawang di Purwakarta, nyaéta R. Tohir Natanegara. Gedong Nagara jeung Pendopo, nu sok disebut ogé Gedong Kabupatén, mangrupa simbol kakawasaan kolonial jeung jadi pusat administrasi pamaréntahan lokal. Gedong Nagara ogé dipikawanoh minangka tempat cicing para bupati, nu ku rahayat disebut padaleman, sabab waktu harita gelar bupati nyaéta Dalem.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://disipusda.purwakartakab.go.id/sejarah-gedung-negara-dan-pendopo-kabupaten-purwakarta/|title=Sejarah Gedung Negara dan Pendopo Kabupaten Purwakarta|website=Dinas Arsip dan Perpustakaan Kabupaten Purwakarta|language=en-US|accessdate=2025-07-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bupati nu mingpin ==
Ditempo tina bahan wangunan, sagalana asalna ti wewengkon sabudeureun nyaéta batu beulah ti walungan, pasir ti leuweung Walungan Cikao, kapur lokal, sarta bata beureum, ubin, jeung kenténg tina lempung diproduksi ku Tio Ahay di Bongas. Dina abad ka-19 jeung awal abad ka-20, dua gedong ieu dipaké ku sababaraha bupati, di antarana:&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

* R.A.A. Sastraadhiningrat I (1854-1863)
* R.A.A. Sastraadhiningrat II (1863-1886)
* R.A.A. Sastraadhiningrat III (1886-1911)
* R.T.A. Gandanegara (1911-1925)
* R.A.A. Suriamiharja (1925-1942)
* R. Pandu Suradhiningrat (1942-1945)
* R.T. Juwarsa (1945-1948)

Sanggeus ibukota Kabupatén Karawang Timur dipindahkeun ti Purwakarta ka Subang, kira taun 1948 nepi ka 1968, dua gedong ieu sempet dipaké jadi markas Brigade Infanteri XIV Mesa Barwang Divisi/Kodam Siliwangi. Sababaraha komandanna nu kacatet kawas séjén:&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

* Achmad Kemal Idris, Letjen TNI (Purn.) (1949-1955)
* Poniman, Jend. TNI (Purn.) (1959-1962)
* Tarmat Widjaja, Brigjen TNI (Purn.) (1964)
* Willy Gayus Alexander Lasut, Brigjen TNI (Purn.) (1968-1970)
Ti saprak Undang-Undang RI No. 4 Taun 1968 ngeunaan Pembentukan Kabupatén Purwakarta jeung Kabupatén Subang diundangkeun, jeung Purwakarta resmi jadi kabupatén sorangan, dua gedong ieu balik deui dipaké ku pamaréntahan sipil, ieu para Bupati nu pernah ngageugeuhna:&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

* H.R. Suria Sunarya Ronggowaluyo (1968-1969)
* R. Muchtar (1969-1979)
* H.R.A. Abubakar (1979-1980 &amp; 1982-1983)
* Drs. Mukdas Dasuki (1980-1982)
* Drs. H.R. Soedarna Tresnamanggala, S.H., M.Si. (1983-1993)
* Drs. H. Bunyamin Dudih, S.H. (1993-2003)
* Drs. Tb. H. Lily Hambali Hasan, M.Si. (2003-2008)
* H. Dedi Mulyadi, S.H. (2008-2018)
* Hj. Anne Ratna Mustika, S.E. (2018-ayeuna)

== Pangwangunan gedong ==
[[Gambar:Gedung Karesidenan Kabupaten Purwakarta samping kanan.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Gedong Salian ti Pendopo, Gedung Karesidenan Kabupaten Purwakarta]]
Tio Ahay nyaéta aya hiji urang Tionghoa nu ngajual kenténg nepi ka 1.000 buah kalayan harga Nf 30 (sarua jeung 30 gulden atawa 30 rupiah), hartina hiji kenténg hargana Nf 0.03. Lamun sakaping kenténg beuratna 2,5 kilogram, hartina 1.000 kenténg boga beurat total 2.500 kilogram atawa sarua jeung 2,5 ton.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/xml/2017/04/18/074900427/7.wisata.sejarah.yang.wajib.dikunjungi.di.purwakarta.|title=7 Wisata Sejarah yang Wajib Dikunjungi di Purwakarta!|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2025-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salian ti kenténg, bahan wangunan utama séjénna nyaéta kai jati (''Tectona grandis'') nu dipaké pikeun hateup, kusen panto, jandéla, jeung tihang pendopo. Kai-kai jati éta dicokot ti leuweung di wewengkon Cibungur (ayeuna kaasup Kecamatan Bungursari), Parakansalam (ayeuna Kecamatan Pondoksalam), jeung Mangga Besar. Teu ngan saukur kai jati, tapi ogé kai mangga, kai bolang, jeung kai séjénna dipaké pikeun ngarojong pangwangunan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Pamotongan kai jati dipigawé ku hiji ''aanemer'' atawa kontraktor asal Tionghoa nu ngaranna Tjong Asih, putrana ''Wijkmeester Jaliung''. Balok-balok kai jati nu geus dipotong terus diangkut ka alun-alun (ayeuna Alun-alun Kian Santang) ku munding. Aya balok kai nu narikna kudu ku 10 pasang munding (20 buntut). Pikeun bagian ornamen jeung ukiran tihang pendopo, tugasna dipasrahkeun ka tukang ukir asal Palembang nu ngaranna Baksin. Sedengkeun pikeun kaca jeung paku, éta dibawa ti Batavia. Tukang tembok jeung tukang batuna nyaeta urang Walanda nu dipikawanoh ku ngaran Tuan Baas.
[[Gambar:Stasiun Purwakarta 2021.jpg|jmpl|Stasiun Purwakarta]]
Pangwangunan ieu merlukeun tanaga kerja nu kacida lobana, ratusan kuli dilibetkeun, kaasup nu ngolah batu bata beureum, ubin, jeung kenténg. Saatos sagalana réngsé, diayakeun pesta ageung nu dieusi ku rupa-rupa hiburan pikeun masarakat. Gedong Nagara jeung Pendopo ieu tuluy dipaké ti taun 1860 nepi ka 1948, lantaran waktu éta puseur pamaréntahan Kabupaten Karawang Timur nu aya di Purwakarta dipindahkeun ka Subang ti tanggal 1 April 1948. Pangwangunan gedong ieu aya patalina raket jeung dibangunna jalur kareta api Batavia-Padalarang dina awal abad ka-20. Salah sahiji ruas penting nyaéta jalur kareta api Karawang-Purwakarta nu panjangna 41 kilométer. Jalur ieu diresmikeun dina tanggal 27 Désémber 1902, sarta dipercaya yén pangwangunan gedong ieu ogé dimimitian atawa réngsé dina taun nu sarua, nya éta taun 1902. Saatos jalur kareta api éta resmi dijalankeun jeung pangwangunan gedong parantos réngsé, Residen Karawang tuluy mindahkeun kantor resmina ka Purwakarta. Ti dinya, Purwakarta jadi leuwih strategis sacara administratif jeung transportasi, sabab geus kahubung ku jalur kareta api.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/kpknl-purwakarta/baca-artikel/14551/Sejarah-Kabupaten-Purwakarta.html|title=Artikel KPKNL Purwakarta|last=Kementerian Keuangan|website=Kementerian Keuangan|publisher=Kementerian Keuangan|accessdate=2025-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dina mangsa penjajahan Jepang (1942-1945), gedong ieu dipaké ku pasukan Jepang minangka honbu kenpeitai, nyaéta markas pulisi militer Jepang, jeung kaasup kana bagian ti Datasemen Syoji. Dina jaman sanggeus kamerdékaan, gedong ieu lajeng dipaké ku Tentara Nasional Indonesia minangka markas Resimen V nu dipingpin ku Letnan Kolonel Sumarna.

Lahan gedong ieu kacida legana. Gedong utama ayana di tengah-tengah halaman, sarta dipapay ku taman di hareupna. Di sisi kénca jeung katuhu gedong, ogé aya rohangan tambahan jeung ruang-ruang nu nyambung kana wangunan utama. Arsitektur gedong ieu ngagunakeun gaya ''Indische Empire Stijl,'' nyaéta gaya kolonial Walanda nu mindeng kapanggih dina wangunan pamaréntahan atawa kantor residen di Hindia Walanda. Lamun diperhatikeun tina wangunna, gedong ieu boga kamiripan jeung Gedong Pakuan di Bandung, nu baheula mangrupa gedong Karesidenan Priangan sarta ayeuna jadi rumah dinas Gubernur Jawa Barat. Hal ieu nuduhkeun yén wangunan residen jaman kolonial biasana dijieun maké pola jeung gaya arsitektur nu sarua pikeun ngajaga identitas jeung otoritas pamaréntahan.

Sanggeus teu dipaké deui salaku puseur pamaréntahan, kawasan ieu kungsi kosong heula, teras dipaké ku TNI pikeun markas Teritorium III/Siliwangi, tuluy jadi Komando Daerah Militer III/Siliwangi. Di dinya aya ogé Brigade 23/Siliwangi nu ngaganti ngaran jadi Resimen Infanteri 7/Siliwangi, terus jadi Komando Resort Militer (KOREM) Purwakarta, nepi ka robah deui jadi Brigade Infanteri XIV/Mesabarwang. Satuluyna, nalika Purwakarta jeung Subang resmi dipisahkeun sarta jadi kabupatén mandiri ti tanggal 29 Juni 1968, para anggota Brigade Infanteri XIV/Mesabarwang dipindahkeun jeung disalurkeun ka Komando Distrik Militer 0619/Purwakarta, ti saprak tanggal 24 Mei 1975.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Patalian sajarah Purwakarta jadi ibukota Karawang ==
Purwakarta kungsi jadi ibu kota Kabupaten Karawang dina periode panjang, nyaéta ti pertengahan taun 1831 nepi ka taun 1950. Dina mangsa kakawasaan Walanda, Purwakarta jadi puseur pamaréntahan Kabupaten Karawang. Tujuh urang Bupati Karawang nyicingan kota ieu. Taun 1845, status Purwakarta munggah jadi ibu kota Karesidenan Karawang, nu ngaronjatkeun pentingna wilayah ieu dina struktur administrasi kolonial. Masa kapamingpinan Bupati R.A.A. Sastra Adiningrat II (1863-1886) ngantunkeun tapak sajarah nu kuat. Dina jaman ieu, Purwakarta maju pesat dina widang pamaréntahan jeung infrastruktur. Bupati Sastra meunang tanda jasa ''Rider in de Orde van den Leeuw'' ti pamaréntah Walanda, sarta dipikawanoh ku gelar Dalem Bintang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://suarajelata.com/2023/07/30/mengenal-sejarah-kabupaten-purwakarta-begini-penuturan-pembina-gema-sunda/|title=Mengenal Sejarah Kabupaten Purwakarta, Begini Penuturan Pembina Gema Sunda|last=Redaksi|website=Suara Jelata|language=id|accessdate=2025-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kusabab robahan kawijakan pamaréntah kolonial, status administratif Purwakarta ogé robah-robah. Taun 1860-an, Purwakarta jadi ''Afdeling'', lajeng robah jadi ''Controle Afdeling'' ti taun 1871 kalayan wilayah nu leuwih lega. Dina dasawarsa 1880-an, struktur ''Controle Afdeling'' dileungitkeun jeung status ''Afdeling'' dianggo deui. Wewengkon administratifna ngawengku tilu distrik: Sindangkasih, Wanayasa, jeung Gandasoli, nu nyakup 10 kacamatan jeung rupa-rupa désa. Dina tahap salajengna, Purwakarta jadi kacamatan dina wilayah Distrik Sindangkasih. Dina awal abad ka-20, pamekaran kota terus lumangsung, utamana sanggeus jalur kareta api Batavia-Padalarang dioperasikeun jeung ngaliwatan Purwakarta. Sanajan kitu, ti taun 1922, status ibu kota Karesidenan Karawang dipindahkeun ka tempat séjén alatan Karawang diasupkeun kana Karesidenan Batavia. Kondisi éta lumangsung nepi ka bubarna pamaréntahan Hindia Walanda dina awal taun 1942.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://disipusda.purwakartakab.go.id/beberapa-alasan-kepindahan-ibukota-kabupaten/|title=Beberapa Alasan Kepindahan Ibukota Kabupaten|website=Dinas Arsip dan Perpustakaan Kabupaten Purwakarta|language=en-US|accessdate=2025-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Galéri ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Pendopo Kabupaten Purwakarta tampak samping 1.jpg|Gedung ti Gigir
Pendopo Kabupaten Purwakarta tampak samping kanan.jpg|Gedung ti Katuhu
Pendopo Kabupaten Purwakarta tampak samping.jpg|Gedung ti Gigir

&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Sumber ==

[[Kategori:Wangunan di Jawa Kulon]]
[[Kategori:Artikel Kopdar Wiki Cagar Budaya 2.0]]
[[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Cagar Budaya 2.0]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Saka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2884" sha1="m9y67de2db5gxmnrbvdpiah7e3wjz88" xml:space="preserve">{{mergeto|Honjé leuweung|Urang ngadamel talatah wae dina gile saka sangkan di gabungkeun jeung honje leuweung, kumaha nyeratna ?}}

{{Taxobox
| name = Saka
| image = Etlingera hemisphaerica.jpg
| image_caption = Kembang Saka (Etlingera hemisphaerica)
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Tracheophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Zingiberales]]
| familia = [[Zingiberaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Etlingera]]''
| species = '''''E. hemisphaerica'''''
| binomial = Etlingera hemisphaerica
| binomial_authority = (Blume) R.M.Sm.
}}

'''Saka''' atawa '''Kembang Saka''' (''Etlingera hemisphaerica'') nyaéta tutuwuhan tina kulawarga jahé-jahéan (''Zingiberaceae'') anu loba kapanggih di pulo [[Jawa]], utamana di tatar [[Sunda]]. Ieu tutuwuhan téh masih sakulawarga jeung [[honjé]], tapi miboga warna kembang anu leuwih poék (beureum kolot) sarta tangkal anu leuwih jangkung.&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot;&gt;Sudrajat, Jajat. (2015). [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-t_ICgAAQBAJ ''Tumbuhan Obat Sunda'']. Bandung: Polper Press. Kaca 46.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karakteristik ==
Saka tumuwuh mangrupa rungkun (''herba'') taunan anu miboga [[beuti]] di jero taneuh. Sababaraha ciri hasna nyaéta:
* [[Tangkal]]: Bisa tumuwuh jangkung nepi ka 4-7 méter, wangunna semu buleud sarta miboga pelepah daun.
* [[Daun]]: Wangunna léncéng panjang (''oblong-lanceolate'') kalayan warna héjo poék.
* [[Kembang]]: Bijil tina rimpang deukeut taneuh, wangunna kawas gasing (hémi-sperik) kalayan kelopak kembang warna beureum poék atawa semu hideung (marun).&lt;ref name=&quot;ipb&quot;&gt;Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika IPB. (2014). [https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ ''Database Tanaman Obat IPB''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202121150/https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ |date=2026-02-02 }}. Bogor: IPB University.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kagunaan salaku Ubar ==
Dina budaya Sunda, saka lian ti dipaké pikeun campuran kadaharan (lalab atawa sambel), ogé miboga mangpaat ubar tradisional:
#[[Ubar Nyeuri Awak]]: Bagian rimpang sarta kembangna dipercaya bisa ngaleungitkeun rasa capé sarta nyeri awak saatos digawé beurat.
#[[Antimikroba]]: Kandungan minyak atsiri dina tangkal sarta kembangna miboga sipat antiseptik alami.
#[[Panyedap Rasa]]: Kembangna sering dipaké pikeun ngaleungitkeun ambeu hanyir dina lauk atanapi daging.&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot; /&gt;

== Ngaran Daérah ==
* Sunda: ''Saka'', ''Kembang Saka''
* Jawa: ''Wungli'', ''Gombor''

== Bacaeun salajengna ==
* Heyne, K. (1913). ''De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië''. Batavia: Ruygrok &amp; Co.

== Tutumbu ka luar ==
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:924403-1 Etlingera hemisphaerica di Plants of the World Online (Kew Science)]
* [http://plantamor.com/species/info/etlingera/hemisphaerica Informasi Spesies di Plantamor]

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Obat]]
[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Zingiberaceae]]</text>
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    <title>Séréh wangi</title>
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      <text bytes="2932" sha1="p4j7fxwxz5rpmlqwkjh7jgtnr9gjdj3" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Séréh Wangi
| image = Gardenology.org-IMG 7584 qsbg11mar.jpg
| image_caption = Tangkal séréh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus)
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Tracheophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = [[Poaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Cymbopogon]]''
| species = '''''C. nardus'''''
| binomial = Cymbopogon nardus
| binomial_authority = (L.) Rendle
}}

'''Séréh Wangi''' (''Cymbopogon nardus'') nyaéta tutuwuhan jujukutan tina kulawarga ''Poaceae'' anu dipikawanoh salaku sumber utama [[minyak atsiri]] (minyak sitronéla). Di tatar [[Sunda]], ieu tutuwuhan loba dipelak pikeun ubar tradisional sarta bahan industri parfum atanapi pangusir [[gegeremet]].&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot;&gt;Sudrajat, Jajat. (2015). [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-t_ICgAAQBAJ ''Tumbuhan Obat Sunda'']. Bandung: Polper Press. Kaca 46.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karakteristik ==
Séréh wangi miboga ciri has anu ngabédakeunana sareng séréh dapur:
* [[Tangkal]]: Bagian handap tangkalna (pelepah daun) miboga warna semu beureum atawa bungur kolot.
* [[Daun]]: Ukuran daunna leuwih panjang sarta leuwih rubak ti batan séréh dapur, miboga ambeu seungit anu kacida seukeutna.
* [[Tumuwuh]]: Tumuwuh ngarungkun (''perennial clump'') sarta miboga akar serabut anu jero.&lt;ref name=&quot;ipb&quot;&gt;Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika IPB. (2014). [https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ ''Database Tanaman Obat IPB''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202121150/https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ |date=2026-02-02 }}. Bogor: IPB University. Diaksés tanggal 16 Pébruari 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kagunaan salaku Ubar ==
Dina dunya pangobatan tradisional Sunda sarta hasil panalungtikan farmasi, séréh wangi dimangpaatkeun pikeun:
# [[Ubar Mandi]]: Cai kulubanna dipaké mandi pikeun ngaleungitkeun rasa cangkeul, nyeri awak, sarta kacapéan.
# [[Pangusir Reungit]]: Minyakna (sitronéla) mangrupa bahan alami pikeun ngusir reungit sarta serangga séjénna.
#[[Ubar Nyeri Sendi]]: Minyakna sering dipaké salaku minyak urut pikeun ngubaran rhematik sarta nyeri sendi.
#[[Antisépstik]]: Miboga sipat antifungal sarta antibaktéri anu kiat.&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kew&quot;&gt;Plants of the World Online. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:396791-1 ''Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle'']. Kew Science. Diaksés tanggal 16 Pébruari 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngaran Daérah ==
* Sunda: ''séréh beureum'', ''séréh wangi''
* Jawa: ''Sere''
* Madura: ''Sere''

== Bacaeun salajengna ==
* Heyne, K. (1913). ''De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië''. Batavia: Ruygrok &amp; Co.

== Tutumbu ka luar ==
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:396791-1 Cymbopogon nardus di Plants of the World Online (Kew Science)]
* [https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17161 Profil Spesies di CABI Invasive Species Compendium]

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Pondok}}
[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Obat]]
[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Poaceae]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2758" sha1="frx2ml1xe8qsm3af5xoti4gi5sc2uum" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Sikluk
| image = Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) 1.jpg
| image_caption = Kembang Sikluk (Lonicera japonica)
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Tracheophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Dipsacales]]
| familia = [[Caprifoliaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Lonicera]]''
| species = '''''L. japonica'''''
| binomial = Lonicera japonica
| binomial_authority = Thunb.
}}

'''Sikluk''' (''Lonicera japonica'') nyaéta tutuwuhan ngarambat (''climbing shrub'') tina kulawarga ''Caprifoliaceae'' anu asalna ti Asia Wétan, nanging parantos lami dipikawanoh sarta dipelak di tatar [[Sunda]] salaku tutuwuhan hias sarta ubar tradisional. Di sababaraha daérah, ieu tutuwuhan ogé disebut kembang ''honeysuckle''.&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot;&gt;Sudrajat, Jajat. (2015). [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-t_ICgAAQBAJ ''Tumbuhan Obat Sunda'']. Bandung: Polper Press. Kaca 46.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ciri mandiri ==
Sikluk miboga ciri-ciri fisik anu has:
* [[Tangkal]]: Ngarambat sarta bisa tumuwuh panjang nepi ka 10 méter, miboga dahan anu liat.
* [[Daun]]: Wangunna léncéng (oval) sarta héjo sapanjang taun (''evergreen'').
* [[Kembang]]: Wangunna unik kawas tabung, miboga ambeu anu kacida seungitna. Warna kembangna robah-robah, nalika kakara mekar warnana bodas, tuluy lila-lila robah jadi konéng.&lt;ref name=&quot;ipb&quot;&gt;Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika IPB. (2014). [https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ ''Database Tanaman Obat IPB''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202121150/https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ |date=2026-02-02 }}. Bogor: IPB University. Diaksés tanggal 16 Pébruari 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kagunaan salaku Ubar ==
Dina dunya pangobatan tradisional Sunda sarta hasil panalungtikan [[farmasi]], kembang sarta daun sikluk dimangpaatkeun pikeun:
# Ubar [[Panas Jero]]: Cai kuluban kembangna dipercaya bisa niiskeun awak sarta ngubaran panas jero.
# Ubar Radang: Miboga sipat anti-inflamasi anu kuat pikeun ngubaran radang [[tikoro]] sarta batuk.
# Detoksifikasi: Dipaké pikeun ngabersihkeun racun dina jero awak sarta ngubaran panyakit kulit sapertos bisul atanapi ateul-ateul.&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kew&quot;&gt;Plants of the World Online. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:148855-1 ''Lonicera japonica Thunb.'']. Kew Science. Diaksés tanggal 16 Pébruari 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngaran Daérah ==
* Sunda: ''Sikluk''
* Indonesia: ''Kembang madu'', ''Suseu''

== Tutumbu ka luar ==
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:148855-1 Lonicera japonica di Plants of the World Online (Kew Science)]
* [https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/31191 Profil Spesies di CABI Invasive Species Compendium]

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Obat]]
[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Caprifoliaceae]]</text>
      <sha1>frx2ml1xe8qsm3af5xoti4gi5sc2uum</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Talingkup</title>
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      <text bytes="4096" sha1="6xmigkuljjvlpgzmf1erzo9w7rn35w1" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Talingkup
| image = 白桐樹 Claoxylon indicum -香港嘉道理農場 Kadoorie Farm, Hong Kong- (9237375777).jpg
| image_caption = Daun sarta rurumpun kembang Talingkup (Claoxylon indicum) di Hong Kong
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| subregnum = [[Tracheobionta]]
| superdivisio = [[Spermatophyta]]
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| subclassis = [[Rosidae]]
| ordo = [[Euphorbiales]]
| familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Claoxylon]]''
| species = '''''C. indicum'''''
| binomial = Claoxylon indicum
| binomial_authority = (Reinw. ex Blume) Hassk.
}}

'''Talingkup''' (''Claoxylon indicum'') nyaéta tutuwuhan [[rungkun]] atawa tangkal leutik anu kaasup kana kulawarga [[Euphorbiaceae]]. Ieu tutuwuhan loba kapanggih tumuwuh liar di tatar [[Sunda]], utamana di sakuriling leuweung sekunder atawa tegalan. Dina literatur botani klasik, ieu tutuwuhan ogé kungsi ditalungtik ku [[Justus Karl Hasskarl]] nalika anjeunna nyusun katalog tutuwuhan di [[Kebon Raya Bogor]].&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot;&gt;Sudrajat, Jajat. (2015). [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-t_ICgAAQBAJ ''Tumbuhan Obat Sunda'']. Bandung: Polper Press. Kaca 47.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Étimologi ==
Ngaran &quot;Talingkup&quot; dina basa Sunda nujul kana pasipatan daunna anu sakapeung katingali rada melengkung atawa &quot;nangkup&quot;. Di sawatara wewengkon, tutuwuhan ieu ogé miboga ngaran lokal séjénna nanging talingkup mangrupa ngaran anu paling umum dipaké ku masarakat Jawa Kulon.

== Sajarah Klasifikasi ==
Ngaran ilmiah ''Claoxylon indicum'' munggaran ditalungtik ku [[Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt]] sarta [[Carl Ludwig Blume]], nanging sacara resmi dipindahkeun kana génus ''Claoxylon'' ku [[Hasskarl]] dina pertengahan abad ka-19. Kulawarga [[Euphorbiaceae]] mangrupa salah sahiji kulawarga tutuwuhan panggedéna anu miboga ciri has mangrupa ayana geutah dina tangkalna.&lt;ref name=&quot;kew&quot;&gt;Plants of the World Online. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:340455-1 ''Claoxylon indicum (Reinw. ex Blume) Hassk.'']. Kew Science. Diaksés tanggal 16 Pébruari 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karakteristik Morfologi ==
Talingkup miboga ciri fisik anu mandiri:
* Daun: Wangunna lonjong nepi ka oval, sisina réngat (''serrate''), sarta permukaan daunna miboga bulu-bulu lemes (''pubescent''). Tékstur daunna rada ipis nanging liat.
* Tangkal: Tumuwuh mangrupa rungkun anu jangkungna bisa nepi ka 5-10 méter. Kulit tangkalna warnana kulawu semu coklat.
* Kembang: Kembangna leutik, warnana héjo semu konéng, sarta bijil dina rurumpun anu panjang (''raceme'').
* Buah: Buahna mangrupa kapsul anu boga tilu bagian (''trilocular''), warnana héjo nalika ngora sarta bakal robah jadi coklat nalika geus asak.&lt;ref name=&quot;ipb&quot;&gt;Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika IPB. (2014). [https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ ''Database Tanaman Obat IPB''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202121150/https://biofarmaka.ipb.ac.id/ |date=2026-02-02 }}. Bogor: IPB University. Diaksés tanggal 16 Pébruari 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kagunaan salaku Ubar ==
Dumasar kana buku ''Tumbuhan Obat Sunda'', talingkup miboga sawatara mangpaat tradisional:
# Ubar Raheut: Daun talingkup anu dititih bisa dipaké pikeun nutupan raheut luar supados gancang garing sarta nyinglar inféksi.
# Panyinglar Panas: Cai kuluban daunna sakapeung dipaké pikeun niiskeun awak nalika muriang (''demam'').
# Kasehatan Kulit: Di sababaraha tempat, geutahna dipaké pikeun ngubaran gangguan kulit kawas ararateul.&lt;ref name=&quot;jajat&quot; /&gt;

== Sebaran sarta Ékologi ==
Talingkup sumebar sacara alami ti India, Cina Kidul, [[Asia Tenggara]], nepi ka Papua Nugini. Ieu tutuwuhan resep tumuwuh di wewengkon anu negrak kakeunaan cahaya [[panonpoé]] atawa di sisi [[leuweung]] anu kaayaanna jemlék.

== Tutumbu ka luar ==
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:340455-1 Claoxylon indicum di Kew Science]
* [http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000605991 Claoxylon indicum dina World Flora Online]

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Obat]]
[[Kategori:Tutuwuhan Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Euphorbiaceae]]
[[Kategori:tutuwuhan ubar]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sidaharja</title>
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      <text bytes="3249" sha1="fdj2vu2z0x4ub91btwv1iyqqb3oz0n6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox désa
| ngaran = Sidaharja
| aksara_sunda = ᮞᮤᮓᮠᮁᮏ
| propinsi = [[Jawa Barat]]
| kabupatén = [[Kabupatén Ciamis|Ciamis]]
| kacamatan = [[Lakbok]]
| jenis = Désa
| jimbar = 6,23 km²&lt;ref name=&quot;BPS2024&quot;/&gt;
| cacah_jiwa = 3.012 jiwa (2023)&lt;ref name=&quot;BPS2024&quot;/&gt;
| kapadetan = 483/km²
| koordinat = {{coord|7|22|40|S|108|38|15|E|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Sidaharja''' (ᮞᮤᮓᮠᮁᮏ) nyaéta hiji désa di [[Kacamatan Lakbok]], [[Kabupatén Ciamis]], [[Jawa Barat]].

== Géografi ==
Désa Sidaharja boga lega 6,23 km².&lt;ref name=&quot;BPS2024&quot;&gt;BPS Kabupatén Ciamis, 2024. ''Kacamatan Lakbok dina Angka''.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Wates wewengkon ===
* Kalér: Désa Sindangangin
* Kidul: Désa Cintaratu
* Kulon: Désa Puloerang
* Wétan: Désa Tambakreja

== Sajarah ==
Dina [[Kidung Lakbok|naskah kuno Kidung Lakbok]] (1956), wewengkon Sidaharja disebut-sebut salaku salah sahiji tempat anu aya dina jalur perjalanan tokoh [[Menak Ngapung]] nalika ningali kaayaan [[Bandjarpatroman]] saatos perang saderek.

Ngaran &quot;Sidaharja&quot; sorangan dipercaya ku masarakat satempat asalna tina kecap ''sida'' (jadi, hasil) jeung ''harja'' (makmur, salamet). Ieu ngagambarkeun kahayang masarakatna pikeun hirup makmur saatos wewengkon rawa dibuka jadi lahan tatanén.

Dina jaman kolonial Walanda (awal abad ka-20), wewengkon ieu masih mangrupa rawa anu dipinuhan ku pulo-pulo leutik. Dina taun 1920-an, dipingpin ku [[R. Iskandar Bratanagara]] (Wedana Rancah), rawa-rawa di Lakbok (kaleu Sidaharja) dibuka pikeun lahan tatanén kalayan bantuan ti Bupati Ciamis RAA Sastrawinata.

=== Hubungan jeung Karajaan Sunda ===
Pulo Majeti jeung wilayah sabudeureunna kaasup kana wewengkon pangaruh Karajaan Galuh, nu baheula mangrupa bagian tina Karajaan Sunda. Numutkeun sumber sajarah saperti Naskah Carita Parahyangan jeung Prasasti Batutulis, Karajaan Sunda-Galuh ngawasa ti Priangan Kulon dugi ka Ciamis jeung Banjar ayeuna. Carita lokal nu aya dina Kidung Lakbok ngeunaan &quot;Tilem&quot; Prabu Selang Kuning bisa ditempo salaku bagian tina sajarah lisan masyarakat Galuh dina mangsa ahir karajaan éta. Pikeun leuwih lengkep ngeunaan sajarah Karajaan Sunda sacara umum, tingali artikel [[Karajaan Sunda]].

== Démografi ==
Dumasar data BPS Kacamatan Lakbok dina Angka taun 2024, Désa Sidaharja boga 3.012 jiwa (2023).&lt;ref name=&quot;BPS2024&quot;/&gt;

== Tatanén ==
Tatanén mangrupa mata pencaharian utama masarakat Sidaharja. Sawah ngahasilkeun '''padi''', '''jagung''', jeung '''kedelé'''. Palawija (cabe, terong, kacang panjang) ogé dipelak di lahan kering. Sawaréh warga ngabudidayakeun lauk '''lele''' jeung '''nila''' dina balong.

== Atikan ==
Di Désa Sidaharja aya:
* 3 Taman Kanak-kanak (TK)
* 2 Sakola Dasar (SD/MI)
* 1 Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs)&lt;ref name=&quot;BPS2024&quot;/&gt;

== Tempo ogé ==
* [[Kidung Lakbok]]
* [[Kacamatan Lakbok]] 
* [[Désa Tambakreja]]
* [[Désa Puloerang]]
* [[Karajaan Sunda]]

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kidung_Lakbok_-_Buku_Lengkap.pdf Kidung Lakbok - Buku Lengkap]
* [https://lakbok.ciamiskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kacamatan Lakbok]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Kategori:Désa di Kabupatén Ciamis]]
[[Kategori:Kacamatan Lakbok]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sapu lidi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[Gambar:Sapu_lidi,_Indonesian_whisk_broom_20161208b.jpg|jmpl|533x533px|Sapu lidi, sapu tradisional Sunda tina balarak kalapa/aren.]]
'''Sapu lidi''' nyaéta sapu tradisional Sunda anu dijieun tina '''balarak''' atawa '''palapah daun kalapa''' (''Cocos nucifera'') jeung '''daun aren''' (''Arenga pinnata''). Sapu ieu utamana dipaké pikeun nyapu buruan, jalan, sareng tempat luar imah sabab bahanna kaku tur kuat.

== Bahan ==
Bahan utama sapu lidi nyaéta tulang daun [[kalapa]] atawa [[Kawung|arén]] anu geus digaringkeun. Tulang daun ieu disebut '''lidi''', anu jadi asal-usul ngaran sapu ieu.

== Kagunaan ==
Sapu lidi cocog pikeun ngabersihan kokotor anu rada kasar, sapertos daun garing, lebu, atawa taneuh di buruan. Béda jeung [[sapu nyéré]] anu lemes pikeun jero imah, sapu lidi langkung awét sareng kaku.

== Filosofi ==
Sapu lidi miboga harti simbolis ngeunaan kakuatan kahijian (sauyunan). Lidi anu nyalira téh lemah, gampang patah, sareng henteu tiasa ngabersihan kokotor. Nanging, nalika lidi-lidi éta dikumpulkeun sareng diiket (dibeungkeut) jadi hiji, mangka jadi kuat, awét, sareng tiasa dianggo pikeun ngabersihan buruan anu lega&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.kompasiana.com/teguhmurtazam/55207b17a33311dd4646cfb4/filosofi-sapu-lidi Filosofi Sapu Lidi]. Kompasiana. 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Filosofi ieu sering dihubungkeun jeung nilaéy gotong royong sareng persatuan (kamanunggalan) dina masarakat Sunda, sapertos dina pamali babasan ''silih asih, silih asah, silih asuh''. Sapu lidi ngingetkeun yén manusa bakal kuat lamun hirup rukun sareng silih tulung.

== Ékonomi jeung UKM ==
Salian ti fungsina salaku alat beberesih, sapu lidi ogé jadi sumber panghasilan pikeun masarakat. Numutkeun panalungtikan di Désa Suka Jadi, Kacamatan Hinai, Kabupatén Langkat, UKM sapu lidi mampu ngagajikeun kurang leuwih 30 urang pagawe dina sapoé. Hasil produksina malahan geus diekspor ka sababaraha nagara&lt;ref&gt;[http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/10567/ Pratiwi, Wilda. ''Peran Usaha Kecil Menengah Sapu Lidi Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526090930/http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/10567/ |date=2022-05-26 }}. UIN Sumatera Utara. 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Kagiatan home industri sapu lidi ogé kapendak di Désa Astomulyo, Lampung. Di dinya sapu lidi dijieun sacara tradisional sareng ngabantosan masarakat pikeun ningkatkeun karaharjaan kulawarga&lt;ref&gt;[http://repository.metrouniv.ac.id Nurlita Yulianti. ''Peran Home Industri Sapu Lidi Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat'']. IAIN Metro Lampung. 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Cara nyieunna ==

# Pilih balarak kalapa atawa aren anu geus garing, sing lenceng.
# Cabut daging daunna supados tinggal tulangna waé (lidi).
# Kumpulkeun lidi kira-kira sakepelan leungeun (20-30 tangkai).
# Iket tungtungna nganggo tali plastik, rotan, atawa kawat.
# Rapiheun tungtung anu pikeun nyapu supados rata.
# Pasang gagang (biasana tina awi) upami diperyogikeun.

== Tempo ogé ==

* [[Sapu nyéré]]
* [[Kabudayaan Sunda]]
* [[Gotong royong]]

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Samak mendong</title>
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      <text bytes="2596" sha1="287m98jypjueijc7a8zvbbh4b3vciq3" xml:space="preserve">'''Samak mendong''' nyaéta [[samak]] atawa tikar tradisional anu dijieun tina bahan '''mendong''' (''Fimbristylis umbellaris'', sinonim ''Fimbristylis globulosa''), sajenis tutuwuhan jukut anu hirup di rawa atawa sawah.&lt;ref name=&quot;upishanment&quot;/&gt;

== Sajarah jeung budaya ==
Dina kahirupan masarakat [[Priangan Wétan]], samak mendong geus lila dipaké minangka alat sapopoé pikeun alas lesehan, solat, sare, atawa piknik. Dina jaman [[Kidung Lakbok]], samak mendong dipercaya geus jadi bagian tina budaya material masarakat, utamana di [[Kacamatan Pataruman]] jeung [[Langensari, Banjar|Langensari]], [[Kota Banjar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kidung&quot;/&gt;

== Bahan jeung cara nyieun ==
Bahan utama nyaéta tangkal mendong anu geus garing. Saméméh dianyam, mendong dipotong, dikeringkeun di handapeun panon poé, tuluy diuntun jadi tikar. Warnana umumna semu konéng natural, tapi bisa diwarnaan.

== Sentra produksi ==
Sentra utama aya di [[Kacamatan Purbaratu]] [[Tasikmalaya]], utamana di Kelurahan Singkup jeung Sukajaya. Sentra séjénna aya di [[Kacamatan Manonjaya]] (Desa Kamulyan), [[Kacamatan Rajapolah]], jeung [[Kacamatan Cineam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;upishanment&quot;/&gt;

Di [[Kota Banjar]], anyaman mendong ogé sumebar di [[Kacamatan Pataruman]] jeung [[Langensari, Banjar|Langensari]], anu aya dina latar carita [[Kidung Lakbok]].

== Inovasi kontemporer ==
Taun 2024, tim mahasiswa [[Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia]] Kampus Tasikmalaya anu dingaranan '''Shanment''' ngawanohkeun inovasi ngolah anyaman mendong jadi '''sandal''' anu trendy. Produk ieu parantos didaptarkeun Hak Kekayaan Intelektual No. EC00202387431.&lt;ref name=&quot;upishanment&quot;/&gt;
Inovasi ieu ngarojong [[Tujuan Pangwangunan Lestari]] (SDGs) poin 8 ngeunaan padamelan anu layak tur produktif.

== Rupa-rupa produk ==
Salian samak, mendong ogé dijieun jadi tas, dompét, topi, kotak, kipas, tempat tisu, karanjang, jeung sandal.

== Tempo ogé ==
* [[Samak]]
* [[Tikar]]
* [[Mendong (tutuwuhan)]]
* [[Kota Banjar]]

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;upishanment&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://upi.edu/tasikmalaya/berita/shanment-inovasi-limbah-mendong-menjadi-trendi | title=SHANMENT: Inovasi Limbah Mendong Menjadi Trendi | publisher=Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Kampus Tasikmalaya | date=19 April 2024 | access-date=2026-05-20 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;kidung&quot;&gt;{{Cite book | last=Prawiraatmadja | first=M. Karso | title=Kidung Lakbok | year=1956}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;

[[Kategori:Karajinan Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Tikar]]
[[Kategori:Kabudayaan Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Ékonomi kreatif]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Thayyibah</title>
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      <text bytes="4865" sha1="dfno1a68lp1oebi14k6tw12b8n3n4xk" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width:22em; font-size:88%; line-height:1.5em; background:#f0fff0; border:1px solid #006400; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; padding:0.2em;&quot;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; background:#006400; color:white; padding:0.4em;&quot; | Thayyibah&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(طَيِّبَة)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#eee;&quot; | Hartos Basa
| Hadé, Beresih, Suci, Merenah
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#eee;&quot; | Wangun Kecap
| Muannats (tina Thayyib)
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#eee;&quot; | Larapan Utama
| Kalimah Thayyibah &amp; Halalan Thayyiban
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left; background:#eee;&quot; | Lambang Spiritual
| Kasucian Lisan sarta Pacabakan
|}

'''Thayyibah''' (basa Arab: '''طَيِّبَة''') nyaéta hiji istilah dina [[Islam]] anu miboga hartos asli &quot;anu hadé&quot;, &quot;beresih&quot;, &quot;suci&quot;, atanapi &quot;merenah&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;lisan_arab&quot;&gt;Ibnu Manzhur. ''Lisan al-Arab''. Beirut: Dar Sader. Jilid 1, kaca 564-566.&lt;/ref&gt; Kecap ieu mangrupa wangun ''muannats'' (awéwé) tina kecap ''thayyib'' (طَيِّب).&lt;ref name=&quot;kamus_almunawwir&quot;&gt;Munawwir, Ahmad Warson. (1997). ''Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia Terlengkap''. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif. kaca 852.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina tingkatan élmu rasa sarta tasawuf, ajén thayyibah lain ngan saukur ngeunaan rupa lahiriah, tapi mangrupa hakekat kasucian sagemblengna anu kedah manceg dina lisan, tuangeun, sarta pacabakan dunya saurang hamba pikeun ngajaga kahormatan ('''Muru'ah''') di payuneun Allah SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;ihya_ghazali&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad. ''Ihya Ulumiddin''. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifah. Jilid 2, kaca 91-93.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalimah Thayyibah ==
Dina Al-Qur'an Surat Ibrahim ayat 24, Allah SWT ngibaratkeun kalimat thayyibah (ucapan anu luhung tur saé) saperti tangkal anu hadé (''syajarah thayyibah''), anu akarna nanceb pageuh kana lemqh/taneuh sedengkeun dahan-dahanna nanjeur luhur ka langit.&lt;ref name=&quot;tafsir_katsir&quot;&gt;Ibnu Katsir, Ismail bin Umar. (1999). ''Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azhim''. Riad: Dar Taybah. Jilid 4, kaca 492.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Dina kahirupan sapopoé, anu dimaksud ku kalimah thayyibah nyaéta sakabéh ucapan zikir anu ngandung puji sarta pépéling ka Gusti Allah SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;quwwat_qulub&quot;&gt;Abu Talib al-Makki. ''Qut al-Qulub''. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah. Jilid 1, kaca 210.&lt;/ref&gt; Mapatkeun kalimah-kalimah ieu miboga hakékat pikeun ngajaga lisan manusa tina pasipatan '''[[Kategori:Akhlak madzmumah|Kadzib]]''' (bohong/nyimpang).&lt;ref name=&quot;ihya_ghazali&quot;/&gt; Conto kalimah thayyibah di antarana:&lt;ref name=&quot;fiqh_sunnah&quot;&gt;Sabiq, Sayyid. ''Fiqh as-Sunnah''. Kairo: Dar al-Fath. Jilid 1, kaca 115.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[Tasbih|Subhanallah]]''' (Maha Suci Allah)
* '''[[Tahmid|Alhamdulillah]]''' (Sagala puji kagungan Allah)
* '''[[Takbir|Allahu Akbar]]''' (Allah Maha Agung)
* '''[[Tahlil|Laa ilaha illallah]]''' (Teu aya Pangéran angking Gusti Allah)

== Halalan Thayyiban ==
Dina urusan muamalah sarta tatanén dunya, Islam merhatikeun pisan kana konsép ''Halalan Thayyiban'' (halal tur hadé).&lt;ref name=&quot;fiqh_zuhayli&quot;&gt;Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah. ''Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu''. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr. Jilid 4, kaca 2590.&lt;/ref&gt; Sangkan batin saurang hamba tetep beresih sarta jauh tina panyakit ati, rejeki anu ditéang kedah nyumponan dua dadasar hukum:&lt;ref name=&quot;ihya_ghazali&quot;/&gt;
# '''Halal:''' Dumasar tina jihat hukum syariat (tara ngarempak aturan Allah).
# '''Thayyib:''' Dumasar tina jihat kualitas, kasehatan, sarta prosésna anu beresih, sahingga mawa mangpaat sarta moal ngadatangkeun madharat pikeun diri sorangan atawa balaréa.

Konsép ieu janten taméng utama sangkan manusa teu kabitaut ku sipat '''[[Kategori:Akhlak madzmumah|Tamah]]''' (hawek dunya), sabab jalma anu ngajaga sipat thayyib dina pacabakanana bakal salawasna ngaraos Qana'ah sarta [[Ikhlas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;quwwat_qulub&quot;/&gt;

== Baldatun Thayyibatun ==
Kecap thayyibah ogé dianggo pikeun ngagambarkeun tatanén sosial sarta nagara anu makmur, sakumaha ungkara dinal Al-Qur'an: ''Baldatun thayyibatun wa rabbun ghafur'' (nagara anu aman, beresih, subur, sarta pinuh ku ampunan ti Gusti Allah SWT).&lt;ref name=&quot;tafsir_katsir&quot;/&gt; Di dieu sakabéh masyarakat tiasa hirup kalayan '''[[ragem]]''' rukun sarta tumaninah sacara lahir tur batin, sahingga salawasna mancegkeun rasa [[Syukur]] sarta suméndé salaku '''[[Pakarir]]''' di payuneun Allah SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;hikam_ataillah&quot;&gt;Ibn Ata'illah al-Iskandari. ''Al-Hikam''. Kairo: Dar al-Ma'arif. kaca 104.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tempo Ogé ==
* [[Zikir]]
* [[Muru'ah]]
* [[Tauhid]]

== Tumbu Kaluar ==
* [https://quran.kemenag.go.id/ Qur'an Kemenag RI] - Rujukan Tafsir Ayat Kalimah Thayyibah.
* [https://kamus.sunda.io/ Kamus Basa Sunda Online]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - Istilah Basa Sunda.

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Istilah Islam]]
[[Kategori:Tasawuf]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ratu Agung Tambakbaja</title>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | Ratu Agung Tambakbaja
|-
| '''Nami asli''' || Raden Adipati Singaperbangsa II / Ngabehi Tambakbaya
|-
| '''Gambar''' || 
|-
| '''Katerangan''' || Makam di Situs Kokoplak, Banjar
|-
| '''Période''' || ±1617-1641
|-
| '''Jabatan''' || Adipati / Panglima Pajang
|-
| '''Dinasti''' || Galuh / Pajang
|}

'''Ratu Agung Tambakbaja''' (atanapi '''Dalem Tambakbaya''') nyaéta hiji tokoh anu muncul dina [[Kidung Lakbok]], hiji karya sastra Sunda kuna. Numutkeun panalungtikan, nami &quot;Tambakbaja&quot; ogé kapanggih dina tilu tradisi anu béda di Nusantara: tradisi Pajang-Mataram, tradisi lokal [[Kota Banjar|Banjar]], sareng tradisi sastra ''Hikayat Galuh Digantung''.

== Versi Pajang-Mataram ==
Dina babad [[Kasultanan Mataram|Mataram]] jeung [[Kasultanan Pajang|Pajang]] abad ka-17, aya tokoh '''Ngabehi Tambakbaya''' atawa '''Aria Tambakbaya'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;merapi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.harianmerapi.com/kearifan/pr-403336594/mataram-melawan-bang-wetan-4-ngabehi-tambakbaya-yang-sombong-dan-kebal-memakan-banyak-korban-prajurit-mataram?page=2|title=Mataram Melawan Bang Wetan 4: Ngabehi Tambakbaya yang Sombong dan Kebal|website=Harian Merapi|accessdate=27 Méi 2026|language=Id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Anjeunna disebut salaku panglima pasukan Pajang anu gagah, kabal senjata, jeung ngalawan Mataram dina periode ±1617-1618. Sanggeus Pajang eleh, anjeunna lari ka [[Surabaya]], diangkat jadi menantu Pangeran Surabaya kalawan gelar '''Adipati Sanjata'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;begandring&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://begandring.com/tambak-bayan-surabaya-dan-kisah-pelarian-bangsawan-pajang/|title=Tambak Bayan Surabaya dan Kisah Pelarian Bangsawan Pajang|website=Begandring.com|accessdate=27 Méi 2026|language=Id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina taun 1625, anjeunna ditawan tur dipaéhan ku pasukan Mataram.

== Versi Banjar ==
Dina tradisi lokal [[Kota Banjar|Banjar]], '''Raden Adipati Singaperbangsa II''' mibanda gelar '''Dalem Tambakbaya'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;harapan&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.harapanrakyat.com/2015/02/penampakan-ular-besar-di-situs-kokoplak-banjar/|title=Penampakan Ular Besar di Situs Kokoplak Banjar|website=Harapan Rakyat|date=2 Pébruari 2015|accessdate=27 Méi 2026|language=Id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Anjeunna maréntah taun 1630-1641 salaku putra Adipati Kertabumi II ti [[Karajaan Galuh|Galuh Ciamis]]. Gelar &quot;Tambakbaya&quot; diala sabab anjeunna jasa nyieun tambak pikeun tatanén di daérah Liunggunung. Makamna ayeuna aya di '''[[Kokoplak]]''', Dusun Pananjung, Kacamatan Pataruman, [[Kota Banjar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;tourism&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tourismjabar.blogspot.com/2025/04/situs-kokoplak-napak-tilas-sejarah-dan.html|title=Situs Kokoplak: Napak Tilas Sejarah dan Budaya di Kota Banjar|website=Tourism Jabar|date=April 2025|accessdate=27 Méi 2026|language=Id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina carita lisan, anjeunna dipikawanoh salaku '''Mbah Dalem Eyang Sopandi Tambakbaya''', anu dipercaya ngajaga wewengkon éta.

=== Bukti sajarah tina dokumén resmi ===
Numutkeun dokumén resmi PPID Kota Banjar anu judulna &quot;Sejarah Nama Kecamatan Banjar&quot;, [[Kota Banjar]] mimiti aya pamaréntahan dina wangun '''Karajaan Kertabumi''' anu diperkirakeun ngadeg dina taun 1625 Masehi. Raja kahiji karajaan ieu nyaéta Rd. Ad. Singaperbaya, teras digentos ku Singaperbaya II anu ngagem gelar '''Dalem Tambakbaya'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;ppid&quot;&gt;PPID Kota Banjar. &quot;Sejarah Nama Kecamatan Banjar&quot;. Dokumén resmi, diaksés 5 Oktober 2025. [https://ppid.banjarkota.go.id/portal/system/public/uploads/informasi/1728881741.pdf]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dalem Tambakbaya ieu dianggap sami sareng tokoh '''Ratu Agung Tambakbaja''' anu disebut dina naskah kuno ''[[Kidung Lakbok]]''. Pusat Karajaan Kertabumi diperkirakeun aya di '''Banjar Kolot''', anu ayeuna kalebet wewengkon [[Kota Banjar]]. Saméméh aya karajaan, wewengkon ieu mangrupa leuweung tarum/nila anu aya di sisi [[Sungai Citanduy]]. Dokumén ieu ogé nyebutkeun yén asal-usul nami &quot;Banjar&quot; téh kamungkinan tina '''Banjar Patroman''', anu luyu pisan sareng eusi ''Kidung Lakbok'' anu ngagunakeun istilah '''Bandjarpatroman''' pikeun nyebut wewengkon éta.&lt;ref name=&quot;ppid&quot;/&gt;

== Versi Hikayat Galuh Digantung ==
Dina naskah '''Hikayat Galuh Digantung''', Adipati Tambakbaya nyaéta gelar tina '''Raden Inu Kertapati''', putra Raja Kuripan.&lt;ref name=&quot;begandring&quot;/&gt; Anjeunna maréntah di Kerajaan Daha ([[Kediri]]) salaku raja anu adil. Dina carita, anjeunna kalibet dina konflik jeung Ratu Bengawan Awan, anu ngakibatkeun Galuh Candrakirana digantung di handapeun tangkal randu.

== Hubungan jeung Kidung Lakbok ==
Dina '''[[Kidung Lakbok]]''', Ratu Agung Tambakbaja digambarkeun perang ngalawan Ratu Ineung Buana. Numutkeun panalungtikan, ieu tokoh kamungkinan mangrupa fusi (campuran) tina tilu tradisi di luhur.&lt;ref name=&quot;harapan&quot;/&gt; Ayana makam Dalem Tambakbaya di [[Situs Kokoplak]] jadi bukti konci anu ngaitkeun carita dina Kidung Lakbok jeung sajarah lokal [[Kota Banjar|Banjar]].

== Tempo ogé ==
* [[Kidung Lakbok]]
* [[Situs Kokoplak]]
* [[Karajaan Galuh]]

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Kategori:Tokoh Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Sajarah Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Kidung Lakbok]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh dina sastra Sunda]]</text>
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