Wikipedia suwiki https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Média Husus Obrolan Pamaké Obrolan pamaké Wikipedia Obrolan Wikipedia Gambar Obrolan gambar MédiaWiki Obrolan MédiaWiki Citakan Obrolan citakan Pitulung Obrolan pitulung Kategori Obrolan kategori Portal Obrolan portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 25726 710686 709660 2026-06-23T02:54:48Z ~2026-35651-09 36991 /* Afiliasi Internasional */ 710686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info paguron luhur |nama=Universitas Gadjah Mada |logo= |tahun=19 Desember 1949 |jenis=Perguruan Tinggi Negeri, UGM, GAMA, Kampus Pancasila, Universitas Nasional, Universitas Pusat Kebudayaan, Balai Pendidikan Nasional, Kampus Perjuangan, Kampus Kerakyatan, Kampus Biru, |rektor= Ova Emilia |lokasi=[[Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]] |situs=[http://www.ugm.ac.id http://www.ugm.ac.id] }} '''Universitas Gadjah Mada''' ([[basa Inggris]]: ''Gadjah Mada University'') nyaéta hiji [[universitas]] pangkolotna di [[Indonesia]], perenahna di [[Yogyakarta]]. Ngadeg ping [[19 Desember]] [[1949]], Gadjah Mada mangrupa [[universitas]] munggaran nu ngadeg saprak Indonésia merdika. Nalika diadegkeun, Universitas Gadjah Mada ukur boga genep [[fakultas]], kiwari aya 18 fakultas sarta hiji Sekolah Pascasarjana (saméméhna ngaranna Program Pascasarjana), keur S-2 jeung S-3. Universitas Gadjah Mada perenahna di Kampus [[Bulaksumur]] [[Yogyakarta]]. Sabagéan gedé fakultas nu aya di lingkungan Universitas Gadjah Mada ngawengku sababaraha jurusan/bagéan jeung atawa program studi. Kagiatan Universitas Gadjah Mada diperelekeun dina wangun ''Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi'' nu kaasup ''Pendidikan dan Pengajaran'', ''Penelitian'' jeung ''Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat''. == Réktor == Réktor UGM mangrupa Pingpinan Eksekutif pangluhurna di Universitas Gadjah Mada nu dipikih ku Senat Universitas dina hiji sidang Senat nu anggotana para [[Guru Besar]] katut wawakil Fakultas di lingkungan UGM. Calon-calon nu aya dittepkeun tur dipilih dumasar persaratan nu geus ditetepkeun tur disatujuan ku [[Majelis Wali Amanat]] nu mangrupa lembaga legislatif UGM sanggeus UGM resmi jadi Badan Hukum Milik Negara (BHMN)). Ti saprak ngadeg ping 19 Desember 1949, UGM geus miboga 12 urang Rektor. Pingpinan Universitas munggaran nyaéta Prof. Dr. M. Sardjito (1949-1961) ti [[Fakultas Kadokteran]] UGM, nu saméméh katelah Rektor, kalungguhannana nyaéta présidén Universiteit. Rektor nu mangku kalungguhan kiwari nyaéta Prof. [[Soedjarwadi]] ti Fakultas téhnik, saméméhna jadi Pembantu Rektor I Bidang Akademik. Nami-nami para rektor ti taun 1949 tepi ka kiwari nyaéta: # Prof. Dr. M. Sardjito (1949-1961) # Prof. Dr. Ir. [[Herman Johannes]] (1961-1966) # drg. M. Nazir Alwi (1966-1967) # Drs. Soepojo Padmodipoetro, MA (1967-1968) # Prof. Dr. Soeroso H. Prawirohardjo, MA (1968-1973) # Prof. Dr. Sukadji Ranuwihardjo, MA (1973-1981) # Prof. Dr. Teuku Jacob, MS, DS (1981-1986) # Prof. Dr. [[Koesnadi Hardjasoemantri]], SH,ML (1986-1990) # Prof. Dr. Ir. Mohammad Adnan (1990-1994) # Prof. Dr. Soekanto H. Reksohadiprodjo, M.Com (1994-1998) # Prof. Dr. Ichlasul Amal, MA (1998-2003) # Prof. Dr. Sofian Effendi, MPIA (2004-2007) # Prof. Ir. Soedjarwadi, M.Eng., Ph.D. (2007-2012) # Prof. Dr. Drs. Pratikno M.Soc.Sc.(2012-2014) # Prof. Ir. Dwikorita Karnawati, M.Sc. Ph.D. (2014-2017) # Prof. Ir, Panut Mulyono, Ph.D (2017-2022) # Prof. dr. Ova Emilia, M.Med., Ed., Sp.OG (K), Ph.D. (2022-...) == Afiliasi Internasional == * International Association of Universities (IAU-UNESCO) * Jardine Foundation Scholarship for Postgraduate Studies at University of Oxford and University of Cambridge * Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) * The ASEAN European Academic University Network (ASEA-UNINET) * Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning (ASAIHL) * The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. (ABET) * Akkreditierungsagentur für Studiengänge der Ingenieurwissenschaften, der Informatik, der Naturwissenschaften und der Mathematik (ASIIN) * The Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) * Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) * Royal College of Veterinary Surgeon (RCVS accredited) * The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, (AACSB Accredited) * Indonesian Accreditation Board for Engineering Education (IABEE) * Korea Architectural Accrediting Board (KAAB) * Indonesian Accreditation Agency for Higher Education in Health (IAAHEH). * International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA accredited) * Worldwide Quality Assurance (WQA) * Partnership in science & technology ETH Zurich-UCL-Imperial College London-King's College London-Glasgow University-Bristol University, Kyoto University-Seoul National University-Copenhagen University, Denmark-Karolinska Institute, Sweden-Lund University, Sweden- University of Barcelona, Spain-University of Vienna-University of Helsinki-Sapienza University of Rome-University of Malaya-University of Auckland- UGM * International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) * Non-Aligned Movement-Center of South-South Technical Cooperation (NAM CSSTC) * Institute of Governance and Public Affairs (IGPA) * The Australia-Indonesia Centre (AIC) * Towards A New Age of Partnership (TANAP), Universiteit Leiden-UGM * Knowledge Sector Initiative (KSI)-partner * The Asian Academy for Heritage Management (UNESCO-ICCROM) * Asian Consortium for Political Research (ACPR) * Germany-Indonesian, Geo-Campus in Indonesia for Competence in Education and Research for Organizations, RWTH Aachen-UGM (Get-In CICERO) * Center for Indigenous & Cultural Psychology (CICP) * International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHEER) * The ASEAN International Mobility for Students (AIMS) * Association Franco-Indonésienne pour le Développement des Sciences (AFIDES) * Consortium Eindhoven University of Technology / TU/e (The Netherlands) – NUS (Singapore) – UGM * Southeast and South Asia and Taiwan Universities (SATU Presidents’ Forum) * The Academic Consortium for the 21st Century (AC21) * MedicProLink-UGM * International Indonesia Forum UGM-Yale * Indonesian Netherlands University Consortium on Sustainable Future (INUCoST) * The Network of Centers /NoC Interational Consortium - CfDS UGM * ''The University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road'' (UCMSR) * Collaborative Center for Biomedical Scaffold Research, BRIN-UGM * Asean University Network (AUN) * Promotion of Sustainability in Postgraduate Education and Research Network (ProSPER Net) * Asian Association of Veterinary Schools (AAVS) * Partnership in Science & Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard University-Stanford University-Princeton University-Northwestern University-University of Texas at Austin-University of Maryland, College Park-Colorado University, Boulder-North Carolina University, Chapel Hill-Colorado School of Mines-UGM * American Nuclear Society (ANS) * Cosmopolis Advanced, Universiteit Leiden-UGM * Towards Unity For Health (TUFH) * Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA) * University Mobility in Asia Pacific (UMAP), * Network For Quality In International Health Postgraduate (LINQED Educational Network) * Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) * European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA) * Citizen Engagement and Natural Resource Governance Education (CitRes-Edu) * ASEAN Universities Consortium on Food and Agro-based Engineering & Technology (AUCFA) * World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) * The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Scientific Programme Indonesia - Netherlands (KNAW-SPIN) * Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) * Partnership in Food & Nutrition Cornell University-The Michigan State University-Purdue University-UGM * American Accounting Association (AAA) * Groningen Research Center for Southeast Asia and ASEAN, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen/UG, The Netherlands * Southeast Asian University Consortium for Graduate Education in Agriculture and Natural Resources * Global Educational Exchange in Medicine and the Health Professions (GEMx) * Consortium for International Crop Protection (CICP) * International Network of Institutions for Higher Education in International Health (tropEd) * International Association for Accounting Education and Research (IAAER) * INDEPTH Training and Research Centre of Excellence (INTREC), * The Asia Pacific Master of Arts in Human Rights and Democratization (APMA) * South East Regional Association of Medical Education (SEARAME) * European Association for Southeast Asian Studies (EASAS) * Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) * World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS) * Partnership in Science & Technology Edinburgh University-University of Manchester-Warwick University-Nottingham University-Birmingham University-Leeds University-Queen Mary University of London-UGM * Center for Maritime Economics & Logistics – Erasmus University Rotterdam * International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) * International Sociological Association (ISA) * ERASMUS+, * World Center of Excellence on Landslide Disaster Reduction – International Programme on Landslide (WCoE IPL-UNESCO) * International Project Management Association, Europe * International Consortium for Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE) * Accreditation Council of Pharmacy Education (ACPE) * International Consortium for Social Development (ICSD) * International Consortium for Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction Materials (ICSCESCM) * Project Management Institute (PMI), USA * International Consortium for Geological Engineering and Geosciences (ICGoES) * Federation of Asian Pharmaceuticals Association (FAPA) * Partnership in Science & Technology University of British Columbia-California Institute of Technology-KU Leuven-Vrije Universiteit Brussel-Maastricht University-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam-Zurich University-Tohoku University-UGM * Asia – Europe Meeting (ASEM) * Encountering A Common Past (ENCOMPAS), Universiteit Leiden-UGM * Asian Association for Public Administration (AAPA) * Collaborative Programme on Sustainable Development Goals: UI, UGM, Delft University of Technology/TU Delft and Erasmus University * American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) * GEOCAP, Delft University of Technology/TU Delft-Universiteit Utrecht-TU ITC-ITB-UGM-UI * International Public Policy Association (IPPA) * International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP) * Southeast Asian Network of Animal Science (SEANAS) * Asian Association of Agricultural College and University (AAACU) * US-Indonesia Partnership Program for Study Abroad Capacity (USIPP) * Partnership in Agro Complex/Agricultural sciences & Economics: Wageningen University & Research-University California, Davis-University of Wisconsin, Madison-Tokyo University-Queensland University-Purdue University-Michigan State University- University of Reading -Minnesota University-Texas A & M University- University of Maryland, College Park-Universiteit Ghent, Belgium-BOKU, Vienna Austria-Osaka University-UGM * Asian Association of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology (AAICP) * Projects IN Controlled Environments (PRINCE2), AXELOS, London, UK * International Consortium of Universities in South and Southeast Asia Region for the Doctoral Education on the Agricultural Science and Biotechnology (IC-U12) * Asian Australian Animal Production (AAAP) * Implementation Research on Tropical Diseases & Public Health, School of Medicine & Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University-UGM * Asian Association of Schools of Pharmacy (AASP), * International Database for Enhanced Assessments and Learning (IDEAL Consortium) * International Association of Geomorphologist (IAG) * Forum of Higher Education in Geography and Geography Education (FORPIMGEO) * International Cell Research Organization (ICRO-UNESCO) * Partnership in pharmacy, mathematics & natural sciences Chicago University-Universiteit Leiden-Kyoto University-Sydney University-UGM * Asian Association of Social Psychology (AASP) * Central Agriculture and Bioscience International South-east Asia (CABI) * Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Australia (DAFF) * Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Australia (CSIRO) * Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) * Centre for Biological Information Technology (CBIT), The University of Queensland Australia * Erasmus+ Capacity Building in Higher Education (REPESEA) * Pharmacy Education and Research Network of ASEAN, * French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) * International Society for Social Justice Research (ISCJR) * The International Bioprocessing Association (IBA) * Asian School in Public Health (ASPH) * British-Indonesian Higher Education Consortium (BIHEC) * The Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) * International Geothermal Association (IGA) * Partnership in Energy, Maritime & Environment, Center for Development of Sustainable Region (CDSR), University of California, Davis (UC Davis)-UGM * Inter-University Consortium on Global Health (IUCGH). * Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) * Consortium on Geospatial Information Science and Engineering (CGISE) * Consortium of Agricultural Education Japan - Indonesia, SUIJI * International Consortium of Geo-Disaster Reduction (ICGDR) * College of Asia Pacific (CAP) Kyushu University-UGM * Association of Academic Health Centers International (AAHCI) * ASEAN University Consortium for Food and Agro-based Engineering and Technology (AUCFA), * University Network for Tropical Agriculture (UNTA) * Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF) * Asian Federation of Societies on Lactic Acid Bacteria (AFSLAB), * Germany Alumni Food Network (GAFooN), * The International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, The Netherlands * Mycotoxin Reduction Program (MYCORED), * The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Study Center Consortium * System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with JIRCAS, * Food Safety Intensive Course – Kagawa University, etc. * International Consortium on Landslide (ICL) * Consortium Hokkaido University, Japan-Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany-UGM * COCHRAN-COCHRANE INDONESIA, * Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB Membership), * Global Business School Network (GBSN) * New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan * University Consortium on Global Health Indonesian-Germany, * International Consortium on Bioethics & Medical Humanities-(CBMH) * Education and Research Capacity Building (HEALTH-I) * Partnership in Humanity & Philosophy Cornell University-Columbia University-University of Pittsburgh-UGM * Association of Asia-Pacific Business School (AAPBS) * Asia Pacific Consortium of Veterinary Epidemiology (APCOVE) * ASEAN University Network for Business and Economics (AUN BE) * The Australian Consortium for In-Country Indonesian Studies (ACICIS) * The European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD) * World Federation of Medical Education (WFME) * The International Academy of Financial Consumers (IAFICO) * Marine Natural Products (MNP), Osaka University-Hokkaido University-ITB-UGM * East Asia Development Network (EADN). * Network of International Business and Economics Schools (NIBES) * Partnership in Biotechnology University of Toronto/Toronto Medical Laboratories-Queensland University-Wageningen University & Research-UGM * The Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World (FUIW) * Partnership in Law & Social Sciences Universiteit Leiden-Nagoya University-Utrecht University-Melbourne University-UGM * International Association of Law Schools (IALS) * University Consortium on the Environmental (UCE) * Partnership in Geo-Disaster Risk Management System Osaka University-UGM * Coastal Resources Management Project (CRMP) * UK-Indonesia Consortium for Interdisciplinary Sciences (UKICIS) * Environmental Forum for the Commission on Environmental Law, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (CEL-IUCN) * International College of Dentist (ICD) * Federal Research Center for Nutrition Institute for Hygiene and Toxycology, West Germany * Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan * CTI Engineering International and Associates * Partnership in Life & Health sciences Universität Heidelberg-Universität Freiburg-Freie Universität Berlin-Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Universität Leipzig-Universitat Tübingen-Universität Göttingen, Germany-UGM * United Nations University-Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS) * Consortium for Populations-Activities-Resources-Environments (PARE) * International Society for Ceramics in Medicine (ISCM) * American Chemical Society (ACS) * Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Society, Asia Pacific Council (TERMIS-AP) * Consortium for Engineering Physics (CEP) * Partnership in Science & Technology ANU-Sydney University, UNSW, Western Australia University, Adelaide University-UGM * International Research Consortium on Dengue Risk Assessment, Management, and Surveillance (IDAMS) * Partnership in Geography & Disaster Risk Management System University of Paris 1, Pantheon, Sorbonne, French-UGM * Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC) * Malaria Transmission Consortium (MTC) * Collaboration in Economics, Management, Business, Accounting & Finance University of California, Berkeley-London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)-Erasmus University Rotterdam-University of Wisconsin, Madison-Melbourne University-ANU-UGM * Partnership in Science & Technology UCLA-TU Munich-LMU Munich-EPFL-Sheffield University-Durham University-Illinois University at  Urbana Champaign-Pennsylvania University (The Wharton School)-Georgia Institute of Technology-Tokyo Institute of Technology-Duke University-University of Washington at Seattle, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor-McGill University-Universite' de Sorbonne-National University of Singapore-Nanyang Technological University-University of Tsinghua-Taiwan National University-University of Zurich-Moscow State University- UGM * Asian Population Association (APA). * Global Geothermal Courses/International Geothermal Association, Bonn, Germany * International Consortium on Geo-disaster Reduction (ICGdR) * Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), UK * Maritime Security Consortium (MSC) * The South East Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network (SEAICRN) * The Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation (ITTC), WTO * Partnership Delft University of Technology/TU Delft-ITB, UGM, UI * Association for Asian Constitutional Studies (AACS) * The International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies (IMSISS) * AVEVA partnership, Cambridge University-UGM * World Mosquito Program (WMP), Monash University-UGM * The University of Tokyo Research Internship Program (UTRIP) * The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC), UK * Southeast Asian Mathematical Society (SEAMS). * OEX Partner, Monash University-UGM * Partnership in science & technology Universite' de Paris Sciences et Lettres'-Universite' de Paris-Universite' de Paris Saclay-Universite' de Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Universite' de Bordeaux-Universite' de Lorraine-Sciences Po-Universite' de Grenoble Alpes-École Polytechnique-École Normale Supérieure, French-UGM * International Academic Association on Planning, Law, and Property Rights (PLPR) * Consortium Natural Resources and Development (CNRD), * Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS) * The Future Research Talent (FRT) ANU-UGM * South East Asian Technical University Consortium (SEATUC) * The Asia-Pacific Law Deans’ Forum * International Strategy and Partnerships, ANU-UGM * ASEAN University Network-Kyoto University Committee * Partnership in medicine, health & clinical sciences Johns Hopkins University-Toronto University-RIKEN Japan-Universiteit van Amsterdam, Universiteit Utrecht-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam-Sydney University-Monash University-Melbourne University-Universitat Tubingen-Universite' de Montpellier-UGM * The International Conference on Nusantara Philosophy (ICNP) * The Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies (CRCS) * The Indonesian Consortium for Religious Studies (ICRS) * The Indonesia-Australia Human Flourishing Center == luar == * {{id}} [http://ikomp.ugm.ac.id/] * {{id}} [http://www.ugm.ac.id/ Situs resmi Universitas Gadjah Mada] * {{id}} [http://www.satubumi.net Situs resmi Satu Bumi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100813100642/http://www.satubumi.net/ |date=2010-08-13 }} * {{id}} [http://www.fkt.ugm.ac.id/index.php/ situs resmi Fak. Kehutanan] {{PTN di Indonesia}} [[Kategori:Paguron luhur nagri di Indonésia|Gadjah Mada]] [[Kategori:Paguron luhur di Yogyakarta|Gadjah Mada]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1949]] ae67i22kgzs5cmawz8funpbn8xsffxs 0 36098 710688 709731 2026-06-23T08:34:36Z Danu Widjajanto 508 710688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = K.H. Ahmad Shohibulwafa Tajul Arifin | honorific_suffix = (Abah Anom) | image = Lukisan semprot Abah Anom.jpg | caption = Pamingpin Pasantrén Suryalaya | birth_date = {{Birth date|1915|1|1}} <ref name="Suryalaya">{{cite web |language=su |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610123456/https://www.suryalaya.org/sjarah.html |title=Sajarah Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya |website=suryalaya.org |access-date=23 Januari 2026}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Suryalaya]], [[Tasikmalaya]], [[Hindia Walanda]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|9|5|1915|1|1}} | death_place = [[Tasikmalaya]], [[Jawa Kulon]] | occupation = [[Ulama]], [[Mursyid]] [[Thoriqoh Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah]] | known_for = Pamingpin [[Pasantrén Suryalaya]], Program [[Inabah]] | parents = [[Abah Sepuh]] (Syeikh Abdullah Bin Nur Muhammad), Hj. Juaerah [[{{<ref name="Biografi">Abdussalam, Aam (2008). ''Pribadi nan Bersahaja''. Tasikmalaya: Yayasan Serba Bakti. hlm. 5.</ref>}}]] | website = {{URL|https://www.suryalaya.org}} }} '''Abah Anom''' (lahir di Tasikmalaya, 15 Januari 1915) nyaéta Kiai Kahot, Pamingpin Pasantrén Suryalaya di Tasik.<ref>{{cite book |last=Salahudin |first=Asep |title=Abah Anom: Menembus Relung Hati yang Dalam |publisher=Nuansa Cendekia |year=2013 |isbn=978-602-8397-91-3 |page=25}}</ref> Ngaran pituinna Shohibulwafa Tadjul Arifin.<ref name="abah-anom">{{cite web |language=id |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201123456/https://suryalaya.org/riwayat-singkat-kh-a-shohibulwafa-tajul-arifin-r-a/ |title=Riwayat Singkat KH. A. Shohibulwafa Tajul Arifin (Abah Anom) |publisher=Loka resmi Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya |access-date=23 Januari 2026}}</ref> Disebut Abah Anom ogé alatan sepuhna nu kawentar ku sebutan Abah Sepuh. Mangsa budakna, Tajul Arifin téh kungsi sakola di Vervolgschool di Ciamis ([[1928]]), tuluy diajar di pasantrén-pasantrén nu aya di sabudeureun [[Ciamis]] jeung [[Tasikmalaya]].<ref name="Aam2008">Abdussalam, Aam. (2008). ''Pribadi nan Bersahaja: Biografi K.H.A. Shohibulwafa Tajul Arifin''. Tasikmalaya: Yayasan Serba Bakti. hlm. 18.</ref> Sanggeus diajar élmu hikmah ti ramana, anjeunna mangkat haji.<ref name="Suryalaya2011">Syarifuddin, H. (2011). ''Menelusuri Jejak Langkah Abah Anom''. Tasikmalaya: Sekretariat Pesantren Suryalaya. hlm. 32.</ref> Taun 1950, nalika yuswa anjeunna 35 taun anjeunna mingpin pasantrén Suryalaya.<ref name="SuryalayaHistory">{{cite web |language=su |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610123456/https://www.suryalaya.org/sjarah.html |title=Sajarah Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya |website=suryalaya.org |access-date=23 Januari 2026}}</ref> Dina mangsa kamerdékaan, ieu pasantrén kungsi jadi panyalingkeran [[Abdul Haris Nasution|A.H. Nasution]], [[Solihin G.P]], jeung [[Umar Wirahadikusumah]].<ref name="PribadiBersahaja">Abdussalam, Aam (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=example ''Pribadi nan Bersahaja: Biografi K.H.A. Shohibulwafa Tajul Arifin'']. Tasikmalaya: Yayasan Serba Bakti. hlm. 45.</ref> Kiwari ieu pasantrén kawentar minangka Puseurna Tarékat Qodiriyyah Naksabandiyyah (TQN) di Indonésia.<ref name="Apa"> Ajip Rosidi (ed.) (2003) ''Apa Siapa Orang Sunda''. BandungL Kiblat Buku Utama </ref> Karyana anu paling nyongcolang taya lian nyaéta konsep zikir pikeun ngubaran korban kacanduan [[narkoba]].<ref name="Inabah">"Metode Inabah di Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya". [https://suryalaya.org/inabah.html suryalaya.org]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses ping 23 Januari 2026.</ref> Ti taun [[1980]]-an, pasantrén nu diluluguanana narima korban narkoba atawa barudak anu bangor pikeun diaping.<ref name="SejarahInabah">{{cite web |language=id |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610152030/https://suryalaya.org/profil-inabah.html |title=Profil Inabah Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya |website=suryalaya.org |access-date=23 Januari 2026}}</ref> Diapingna téh dilakonan ku cara ngamalkeun zikir. Hasilna, rébuan rumaja bisa cageur deui, malah taro'at ka Allah swt.<ref name="JurnalInabah">Mustaqim, Muhamad (2015). [[tautan mencurigakan telah dihapus] ''Model Rehabilitasi Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkoba dengan Dzikir Tanbih'']. ADDIN: Media Dialektika Ilmu Islam. Vol. 9, No. 1, hlm. 155-178.</ref> Sanajan aya ogé anu teu beunang dicageurkeun, tatapina program ieu (Inabah) kiwari geus kawentar nepi ka mancanagara.<ref name="InabahInternational">Damanik, Ahmad Syafi'i (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0vNRAAAAMAAJ ''K.H. Shohibulwafa Tajul Arifin: Pengabdian dan Karya Nyata Abah Anom'']. Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu. hlm. 88. ISBN 9789796261242.</ref> == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|3}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Inohong Islam]] [[Kategori:Inohong Sunda]] [[Kategori:Inohong ti Tasik]] 519rfnbcpg8zub4378cn04vtgutqak0 710689 710688 2026-06-23T08:34:50Z Danu Widjajanto 508 710689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = K.H. Ahmad Shohibulwafa Tajul Arifin | honorific_suffix = (Abah Anom) | image = Lukisan semprot Abah Anom.jpg | caption = Pamingpin Pasantrén Suryalaya | birth_date = {{Birth date|1915|1|1}} <ref name="Suryalaya">{{cite web |language=su |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610123456/https://www.suryalaya.org/sjarah.html |title=Sajarah Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya |website=suryalaya.org |access-date=23 Januari 2026}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Suryalaya]], [[Tasikmalaya]], [[Hindia Walanda]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|9|5|1915|1|1}} | death_place = [[Tasikmalaya]], [[Jawa Kulon]] | occupation = [[Ulama]], [[Mursyid]] [[Thoriqoh Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah]] | known_for = Pamingpin [[Pasantrén Suryalaya]], Program [[Inabah]] | parents = [[Abah Sepuh]] (Syeikh Abdullah Bin Nur Muhammad), Hj. Juaerah <ref name="Biografi">Abdussalam, Aam (2008). ''Pribadi nan Bersahaja''. Tasikmalaya: Yayasan Serba Bakti. hlm. 5.</ref> | website = {{URL|https://www.suryalaya.org}} }} '''Abah Anom''' (lahir di Tasikmalaya, 15 Januari 1915) nyaéta Kiai Kahot, Pamingpin Pasantrén Suryalaya di Tasik.<ref>{{cite book |last=Salahudin |first=Asep |title=Abah Anom: Menembus Relung Hati yang Dalam |publisher=Nuansa Cendekia |year=2013 |isbn=978-602-8397-91-3 |page=25}}</ref> Ngaran pituinna Shohibulwafa Tadjul Arifin.<ref name="abah-anom">{{cite web |language=id |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201123456/https://suryalaya.org/riwayat-singkat-kh-a-shohibulwafa-tajul-arifin-r-a/ |title=Riwayat Singkat KH. A. Shohibulwafa Tajul Arifin (Abah Anom) |publisher=Loka resmi Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya |access-date=23 Januari 2026}}</ref> Disebut Abah Anom ogé alatan sepuhna nu kawentar ku sebutan Abah Sepuh. Mangsa budakna, Tajul Arifin téh kungsi sakola di Vervolgschool di Ciamis ([[1928]]), tuluy diajar di pasantrén-pasantrén nu aya di sabudeureun [[Ciamis]] jeung [[Tasikmalaya]].<ref name="Aam2008">Abdussalam, Aam. (2008). ''Pribadi nan Bersahaja: Biografi K.H.A. Shohibulwafa Tajul Arifin''. Tasikmalaya: Yayasan Serba Bakti. hlm. 18.</ref> Sanggeus diajar élmu hikmah ti ramana, anjeunna mangkat haji.<ref name="Suryalaya2011">Syarifuddin, H. (2011). ''Menelusuri Jejak Langkah Abah Anom''. Tasikmalaya: Sekretariat Pesantren Suryalaya. hlm. 32.</ref> Taun 1950, nalika yuswa anjeunna 35 taun anjeunna mingpin pasantrén Suryalaya.<ref name="SuryalayaHistory">{{cite web |language=su |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610123456/https://www.suryalaya.org/sjarah.html |title=Sajarah Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya |website=suryalaya.org |access-date=23 Januari 2026}}</ref> Dina mangsa kamerdékaan, ieu pasantrén kungsi jadi panyalingkeran [[Abdul Haris Nasution|A.H. Nasution]], [[Solihin G.P]], jeung [[Umar Wirahadikusumah]].<ref name="PribadiBersahaja">Abdussalam, Aam (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=example ''Pribadi nan Bersahaja: Biografi K.H.A. Shohibulwafa Tajul Arifin'']. Tasikmalaya: Yayasan Serba Bakti. hlm. 45.</ref> Kiwari ieu pasantrén kawentar minangka Puseurna Tarékat Qodiriyyah Naksabandiyyah (TQN) di Indonésia.<ref name="Apa"> Ajip Rosidi (ed.) (2003) ''Apa Siapa Orang Sunda''. BandungL Kiblat Buku Utama </ref> Karyana anu paling nyongcolang taya lian nyaéta konsep zikir pikeun ngubaran korban kacanduan [[narkoba]].<ref name="Inabah">"Metode Inabah di Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya". [https://suryalaya.org/inabah.html suryalaya.org]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses ping 23 Januari 2026.</ref> Ti taun [[1980]]-an, pasantrén nu diluluguanana narima korban narkoba atawa barudak anu bangor pikeun diaping.<ref name="SejarahInabah">{{cite web |language=id |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610152030/https://suryalaya.org/profil-inabah.html |title=Profil Inabah Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya |website=suryalaya.org |access-date=23 Januari 2026}}</ref> Diapingna téh dilakonan ku cara ngamalkeun zikir. Hasilna, rébuan rumaja bisa cageur deui, malah taro'at ka Allah swt.<ref name="JurnalInabah">Mustaqim, Muhamad (2015). [[tautan mencurigakan telah dihapus] ''Model Rehabilitasi Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkoba dengan Dzikir Tanbih'']. ADDIN: Media Dialektika Ilmu Islam. Vol. 9, No. 1, hlm. 155-178.</ref> Sanajan aya ogé anu teu beunang dicageurkeun, tatapina program ieu (Inabah) kiwari geus kawentar nepi ka mancanagara.<ref name="InabahInternational">Damanik, Ahmad Syafi'i (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0vNRAAAAMAAJ ''K.H. Shohibulwafa Tajul Arifin: Pengabdian dan Karya Nyata Abah Anom'']. Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu. hlm. 88. ISBN 9789796261242.</ref> == Dicutat tina == {{reflist|3}} {{biografi-pondok}} [[Kategori:Inohong Islam]] [[Kategori:Inohong Sunda]] [[Kategori:Inohong ti Tasik]] mt4p5b9wfinahn8st569ldhu6o89cuj 0 41431 710691 652804 2026-06-23T10:29:52Z CommonsDelinker 211 [[c:COM:CDC|Bot]]: Ngaganti Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg ku War_flag_of_Peru.svg 710691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Geopolitical organization |name='''Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa'''<br />'''United Nations'''<br />'''الأمم المتحدة'''<br />'''联合国'''<br />'''Organisation des Nations unies'''<br />'''Организация Объединённых Наций'''<br />'''Organización de las Naciones Unidas''' |image_flag = Flag of the United Nations.svg |image_symbol = Emblem of the United Nations.svg |symbol_type = Emblem |linking_name = Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa |image_map = United Nations (Member States and Territories).svg |map_width = 280px |map_caption = Peta nu némbongkeun daptar anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa <br /> Peta ieu teu ngawakilan sawangan PBB atawa anggota-anggotana ngeunaan status hukum hiji nagara ogé teu ngagambarkeun sacara akurat pamaréntahan anu boga wawakil di PBB. |membership = 193 anggota |admin_center_type = Markas Gedé |admin_center = Wewengkon International di Kota New York |languages_type = Bahasa resmi |languages = Arab, Inggris, Tionghoa, Perancis, Rusia, Spanyol. |leader_title1 = Sékrétaris Jénderal |leader_name1 = [[Gambar:Flag of Portugal.svg|21x21px]] António Guterres |leader_title2 = Députi Sékrétaris Jénderal |leader_name2 = [[Gambar:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|21x21px]] Amina J. Mohammed |leader_title3 = Présidén Majelis Umum |leader_name3 = [[Gambar:Flag_of_Hungary.svg|21x21px]] Csaba Kőrösi |leader_title4= Présidén Déwan Keamanan |leader_name4= [[Gambar:Flag_of_Russia.svg|21x21px]] Vasily Nebenzya |established_event1 = {{nowrap|Penandatanganan Piagam PBB}} |established_date1 = 26 Juni 1945 |established_event2 = {{nowrap|Penerapan Piagam}} |established_date2 = 24 Oktober 1945 |official_website = [http://www.un.org/ UN.org]}} '''Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa '''atawa disingget '''PBB '''([[basa Inggris]]: '''United Nations '''atawa '''PBB''') nyaéta organisasi tingkat [[internasional]] anu anggotana ampir sakabéh nagara di sakuliah dunya.<ref name=":0">Waranurastuti, Venti. 2013. RIPUT [[Indonésia]]-Dunia. Jakarta: Dunia Cerdas</ref> Organisasi ieu dijieun pikeun méré fasilitas dina [[hukum internasional]], kaamanan internasional, kamekaran [[ékonomi]], payung [[sosial]], hak asasi jeung katingtriman dunya.<ref name=":0" /> Pasarikatan Bangsa-bangsa diadegkeun di [[San Fransisco]] tanggal [[24 Oktober]] [[1945]] sanggeus Konferénsi Dumbarton Oaks di Washington DC nepi ka Juni [[2006]] geus 192 disebutkeun resmi asup ka organisasi ieu.<ref name=":0" /> == Organ utama PBB == Organ utama PBB nyaéta: # Sidang Umum, # Déwan Kaamanan, # Déwan Ékonomi jeung Sosial, # Sékrétariat, # Pengadilan Kaadilan Internasional.<ref>Bakir, R Suyoto & Sujanto. 2008. RPUL Indonesia-Dunia. Jakarta: Karisma</ref> == Sékrétaris Jenderal == Pasarikatan Bangsa-bangsa dipupuhuan ku saurang Sékrétaris Jénderal (Sékjén).<ref name=":0" /> Sékrétaris Jénderal ayeuna nyaéta [[António Guterres]] ([[Portugal]]), mimiti ngajabat tanggal 1 Januari 2017 nepi ka ayeuna. Riwayat Sékretaris Jénderal baris ditataan sakumaha di handap ieu:<ref name=":0" /> {| class="wikitable" |- ! No !! Ngaran !! Periode Jabatan !! Asal Nagara |- | – || [[Gladwyn Jebb]] || ''Panjabat:<br>24 Oktober 1945 – 2 Fébruari 1946'' || [[Gambar:Flag of United Kingdom.svg|26x26px]] [[Karajaan Ngahiji]] |- | 1 || [[Trygve Lie]] || 2 Fébruari 1946 – 10 Novémber 1952 || [[File:Flag of Norway, state.svg|27x27px]] [[Norwégia]] |- | 2 || [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] || 10 April 1953 – 18 Séptémber 1961 || [[Gambar:Flag of Sweden.svg|26x26px]] [[Swédia]] |- | 3 || [[U Thant]] || 30 Nopémber 1961 – 31 Désémber 1971 || [[Gambar:Flag of Burma (1948–1974).svg|26x26px]] [[Burma]] |- | 4 || [[Kurt Waldheim]] || 1 Januari 1972 – 31 Désémber 1981 || [[Gambar:Flag of Austria (state).svg|26x26px]] [[Austria]] |- | 5 || [[Javier Pérez de Cuéllar]] || 1 Januari 1982 – 31 Désémber 1991 || [[Gambar:War flag of Peru.svg|26x26px]] [[Péru]] |- | 6 || [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]] || 1 Januari 1991 – 31 Désémber 1996 || [[File:Flag of Egypt (variant).svg|26x26px]] [[Mesir]] |- | 7 || [[Kofi Annan]] || 1 Januari 1997 – 31 Désémber 2006 || [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|26x26px]] [[Ghana]] |- | 8 || [[Ban Ki-moon]] || 1 Januari 2007 – 31 Désémber 2016 || [[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|26x26px]] [[Korea Kidul]] |} == Déwan Kaamanan == Déwan Kaamanan boga tugas pikeun ngajaga katingtriman sarta kaamanan antar nagara.<ref name=":0" /> Déwan Kaamanan boga kakuatan pikeun nyieun kaputusan anu ngabeungkeut yén pamaréntah nagara anggota geus sepakat pikeung ngalaksanakeun, numutkeun katangtuan Piagem Pasa 25.<ref name=":0" /> Kaputusan Déwan dipikawanoh ku Résolusi Déwan Kaamanan PBB.<ref name=":0" /> Panglawungan munggaran Déwan Kaamanan PBB nyaéta di Church House, London 17 Januari 1946 jeung mutuskeun yén anggota tetap Déwan Kaamanan nyaéta; [[Tiongkok]], [[Perancis]], [[Rusia]], [[Inggris]] jeung [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]].<ref name=":0" /> Ditambah anggota teu tetap ayeuna nyaéta Bosnia jeung Herzegovina, Brasil, Kolombia, Gabon, Jepang, Jerman,India, Lebanon, Nigeria, Portugal, sarta Afrika Selatan.<ref name=":0" /> Lima anggota tetap boga hak resolusi substantif tapi teu prosedural anu disebut hak Véto.<ref name=":0" /> Lima anggota éta diijinan pikeun boga sanjata nuklir di handap Perjanjian Non-Poliferasi Nuklir.<ref name=":0" /> Sedengkeun sapuluh kursi Déwan Kaamanan teu tetap bakal diganti dua taun sakali dipilih ku Majelis Umum sacara régional sarta Présidén Déwan Kaamanan diganti saluyu jeung abjad unggal bulana.<ref name=":0" /> == Lembaga PBB == Iwal ti fungsi utama PBB, unggal organ utama PBB boga hak pikeun nyieun lembaga husus di handapeuna. Sababaraha nu kacatet baris ditataan dina tabél ieu di handap:<ref name="djfm">[http://www.un.org United Nations] (diaksés tanggal 13 Oktober 2014)</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:left;" ! No. !!Akronim !! Bendera !! Lembaga !! Pusat !! Kepala !! Berdiri |- |1||FAO||[[Gambar:FAO logo.svg|centre|60x60px]]||'''[[Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian]]'''||{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Roma]], [[Italia]]||{{Flagicon|Brasil}} [[José Graziano da Silva]]||1945 |- |2||IAéa||[[Gambar:Flag of IAEA.svg|centre|60x60px]]||'''[[Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional]]'''||{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Wina]], Austria||{{Flagicon|Jepang}} [[Yukiya Amano]]||1957 |- |3||ICAO||[[Gambar:Flag of ICAO.svg|centre|60x60px]]||'''[[Organisasi Penerbangan Sipil Internasional]]'''||[[Montreal]], Kanada||[[Raymond Benjamin]]||1947 |- |4||IFAD||<!-- Do NOT place non-free images here -->||'''[[Dana Internasional untuk Pengembangan Pertanian]]'''||{{flagicon|Italia}} Roma, Italia||{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Kanayo F. Nwanze]]||1977 |- |5||ILO||[[Gambar:Flag of ILO.svg|centre|60x60px]]||'''[[Organisasi Buruh Internasional]]'''||[[Jenewa]], Swiss||[[Guy Ryder]]||1946 (1919) |- |6||IMO||[[Gambar:Flag of the International Maritime Organization.svg|centre|60x60px]]||'''[[Organisasi Maritim Internasional]]'''||London, Britania Raya||{{Flagicon|Jepang}} [[Koji Sekimizu]]||1948 |- |7||IMF||<!-- Do NOT place non-free images here -->||'''[[Dana Moneter Internasional]]'''||[[Washington, D.C.]], AS||{{Flagicon|Perancis}} [[Christine Lagarde]]||1945 (1944) |- |8||ITU||||'''[[Uni Telekomunikasi Internasional]]'''||[[Jenewa]], Swiss||[[Hamadoun Touré]]||1947 (1865) |- |9||UNESCO||[[Gambar:Flag of UNESCO.svg|centre|60x60px]]||'''[[Organisasi Pendidikan, Keilmuan, dan Kebudayaan PBB]]'''||{{flagicon|Perancis}} Paris, Perancis||{{Flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Irina Bokova]]||1946 |- |10||UNIDO||<!-- Do NOT place non-free images here -->||'''[[Organisasi Pangembangan Industri Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]'''||{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Wina]], Austria||{{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Kandeh Yumkella]]||1967 |- |11||UNWTO||<!-- Do NOT place non-free images here -->||'''[[Organisasi Pariwisata Dunia]]'''||{{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Madrid]], Spanyol||{{Flagicon|Yordania}} [[Taleb Rifai]]||1974 |- |12||UPU||[[Gambar:Flag of UPU.svg|centre|60x60px]]||'''[[Kesatuan Pos Sedunia]]'''||[[Bern]], Swiss||{{Flagicon|Perancis}} [[Edouard Dayan]]||1947 (1874) |- |13||WB||[[Gambar:World Bank logo.svg|centre|60x60px]]<!-- Do NOT place non-free images here -->||'''[[Bank Dunia]]'''||Washington, D.C., AS||[[Jim Yong Kim]]||1945 (1944) |- |14||WFP||[[File:WFPlogo130.svg|centre|60x60px]] ||'''[[Program Pangan Dunia]]'''||{{flagicon|Italia}} Roma, Italia||[[Ertharin Cousin]]||1963 |- |15||WHO||[[Gambar:Flag of WHO.svg|centre|60x60px]]||'''[[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]]'''||[[Jenewa]], Swiss||{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Margaret Chan]]||1948 |- |16||WIPO||<!-- Do NOT place non-free images here -->||'''[[Organisasi Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual Dunia]]'''||[[Jenewa]], Swiss||{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Francis Gurry]]||1974 |- |17||WMO||[[Gambar:Flag of the World Meteorological Organization.svg|centre|60x60px]]||'''[[Organisasi Meteorologi Dunia]]'''||[[Jenewa]], Swiss||{{Flagicon|Rusia}} [[Alexander Bedritsky]]||1950 (1873) |} == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Organisasi tingkat dunya]] 0how2rn6k9qgr8y3kei76bxgkshx2cm 0 99348 710687 710674 2026-06-23T08:31:44Z Danu Widjajanto 508 710687 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malay couple.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Salaki pamajikan saatos ngalaksanakeun upacara akad nikah (prosesi kawinan). Panganten lalaki nganggo baju Malayu anu dipasangkan sareng songkok sareng songket, sedengkeun panganten awéwé nganggo baju kurung sareng jilbab.]] '''Urang Malayu''' ({{lang-ms|'''Melayu'''}}; [[Jawi]]: ملايو) wirua grup étnis [[Austronesia]] utami nu nyicingan Semenanjung Melayu, kidul [[Thailand]], pantai kidul [[Burma]], pulo [[Singapura]], [[Bornéo]] gisik basisir kaasup [[Brunéi]], [[Kalimantan Kulon]], [[Kalimantan Wétan]], Sarawak jeung basisir [[Sabah]], [[Filipina]] kulon teur kidul, jeung palulo alit nu aya di antara lokasi-tempat ieu — sacara pas dikenal salaku "Dunia Melayu". Lokasi ieu ayeuna wirua bagian naragara modern [[Malaysia]], [[Indonésia]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunéi]], [[Burma]], [[Thailand]], jeung [[Filipina]]. [[File:Malay tricolour.svg|250px|thumbnail|Bandéra Triwarna Melayu anu némbongkeun idéntitas urang Malayu]] Aya karagaman basa, budaya, artistik, sareng sosial anu lumayan ageung di antara seueur subgrup Melayu, utamina kusabab ratusan taun imigrasi sareng asimilasi rupa-rupa étnis sareng suku régional di Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sacara historis, populasi Melayu utamina turunan ti suku Austronesia sareng Austroasia anu nganggo basa Melayu sateuacanna anu ngadegkeun sababaraha nagara sareng karajaan dagang maritim kuno, khususna [[Brunéi]], [[Kedah]], Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, [[Karajaan Malayu|Melayu]], sareng [[Karajaan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]].{{sfn|Milner|2010|pp=24, 33}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7 & 60}} Kamekaran sareng ngadegna Kasultanan Malaka dina abad ka-15 nyababkeun révolusi ageung dina sajarah urang Melayu. Ieu kajadian kusabab kasultanan mawa parobahan anu signifikan pisan kana sistem budaya sareng kasultanan ngahontal kamulyaan dina periode éta. Numutkeun catetan sajarah, urang Malayu geus dipikawanoh salaku komunitas dagang lintas cai anu mibanda ciri budaya anu dinamis.{{sfn|Milner|2010|p=131}}{{sfn|Barnard|2004|pp=7, 32, 33 & 43}} Aranjeunna tiasa nyerep, ngabagi, sareng nyebarkeun seueur budaya unik ti kelompok étnis sanés, sapertos budaya Minang sareng Acéh. Kadatangan Kasultanan Malaka dina abad ka-15 micu révolusi utama dina sajarah Melayu, anu pentingna aya dina warisan pulitik sareng budayana anu lega. Tanda-tanda umum anu pasti ngeunaan ka-Melayuan — agama Islam, basa sareng tradisi Malayu — dianggap parantos diproklamasikeun dina jaman ieu, anu ngarah kana étnogenesis urang Malayu salaku kelompok étnoreligius utama di daérah éta. Dina sastra, arsitéktur, tradisi kuliner, pakean tradisional, seni pertunjukan, seni bela diri sareng tradisi karaton, Malaka netepkeun standar anu ditiru ku kasultanan Melayu salajengna. Mangsa kajayaan kasultanan Melayu di Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra Wétan, sareng basisir Kalimantan ningali seueur pendudukna, khususna ti sababaraha komunitas suku sapertos [[Batak]], Dayak, Urang Asli, sareng Urang Laut, tunduk kana Islamisasi sareng Invasi Melayu. Sapanjang sajarah, istilah "Melayu" parantos diperpanjang ka kelompok étnis sanés dina "[[Dunya Malayu]]"; panggunaan ieu ayeuna seuseueurna diwatesan di Malaysia sareng Singapura, dimana turunan sanés tina kelompok étnis ieu disebut Anak Dagang ("padagang") sareng seuseueurna asalna ti Indonésia sapertos urang Acéh, Banjar, Bugis, Mandailing, [[urang Minang|Minangkabau]] sareng [[urang Jawa|Jawa]]. == Étimologi == [[Gambar:Candi Muaro Jambi dengan langit biru.jpg|thumb|Kompleks Candi Muaro Jambi di [[Jambi]], sajarahna dihubungkeun sareng [[Karajaan Malayu]] pra-Islam. Urang Melayu-Sriwijaya katelah ngawangun sistem wangunan anu rumit di ibukotana, kota-kota utama, sareng pusat-pusat kota anu penting.]] [[Gambar:Bukit Seguntang Tombs.jpg|thumb|Bukit Seguntang di [[Kota Palémbang|Palémbang]]. Numutkeun ''Sejarah Melayu'', éta pasir nyatet datangna Sang Sapurba, karuhun legendaris pikeun rupa-rupa kulawarga karajaan Malayu di Sumatra, Semenanjung Malaya, sareng Kalimantan.]] Literatur epik ''Malay Annals'' ngahubungkeun asal usul étimologis "Melayu" ka walungan leutik anu dingaranan ''Sungai Melayu'' ('walungan Melayu') di [[Sumatra]], [[Indonésia]]. Epik éta salah nyebutkeun yén walungan éta ngalir ka Walungan Musi di Palembang, padahal kanyataanna ngalir ka Walungan Batang Hari di [[Jambi]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |date=Oktober 2001 |title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157 |pmid=19192500 }}</ref>{{rp|298}} Istilah ieu dipercaya asalna tina kecap Melayu ''melaju'', kombinasi tina awalan verbal 'me' sareng akar kecap 'laju', anu hartosna "ngagancangkeun", dianggo pikeun ngagambarkeun arus walungan anu gancang.{{sfn|Melebek|Moain|2006|pp=9–10}} === Salaku ngaran tempat (toponim) === Sateuacan abad ka-15, istilah "Melayu" sareng varian anu sami sigana dianggo salaku [[toponimi]] lami pikeun daérah Selat Malaka sacara umum.{{sfn|Barnard|2004|p=3}} * '''''Malaya Dwipa''''', "Malaya Dvipa", digambarkeun dina bab 48, Vayu Purana salaku salah sahiji propinsi di laut wétan anu pinuh ku emas sareng pérak. Sababaraha sarjana nyaruakeun istilah ieu sareng [[Sumatra]],{{sfn|Deka|2007|p=57}} tapi sababaraha sarjana India yakin istilah ieu kedah nujul ka Semenanjung Malaya anu pagunungan, sedengkeun Sumatra langkung pas dihubungkeun sareng Suvarnadvipa.{{sfn|Pande|2006|p=266}}{{sfn|Gopal|2000|p=139}}{{sfn|Ahir|1995|p=612}}{{sfn|Mukerjee|1984|p=212}}{{sfn|Sarkar|1970|p=8}} * '''''Maleu-kolon''''' – hiji lokasi di Golden Chersonese, tina karya Ptolemy, Geographia.{{sfn|Gerini|1974|p=101}} * '''''Mo-lo-yu''''' – disebutkeun ku Yijing, saurang biarawan Buddha Cina ti Dinasti Tang anu nganjang ka Asia Tenggara dina taun 688–695. Nurutkeun Yijing, karajaan ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' ayana dina jarak 15 poé balayar ti Bogha (Palembang), ibukota Sribhoga ([[karajaan Sriwijaya|Sriwijaya]]). Butuh waktu 15 poé balayar pikeun nepi ka Ka-Cha ([[Kedah]]) ti Mo-lo-yu; ku kituna, bisa disebutkeun yén Mo-Lo-Yu bakal aya di tengah-tengah antara dua tempat éta.{{sfn|I Ching|2005|p=xl–xli}} Hiji téori populér ngahubungkeun ''Mo-Lo-Yu'' sareng Jambi di Sumatra,{{sfn|Melayu Online|2005}} nanging lokasi geografis Jambi bertentangan sareng katerangan Yi Jing ngeunaan "satengah jalan pelayaran antara ''Ka-Cha'' (Kedah) sareng ''Bogha'' (Palembang)". Dina jaman Dinasti Yuan (1271–1368) sareng [[Dinasti Ming]] (1368–1644), kecap ''Ma-La-Yu'' sering disebutkeun dina téks sajarah Cina – kalayan parobahan éjahan kusabab rentang waktu antara dinasti-dinasti éta – pikeun nujul ka hiji bangsa di deukeut laut kidul. Diantara istilah anu digunakeun nyaéta "Bôk-lá-yù", "Mók-là-yū" (木剌由), Má-lì-yù-er (麻里予兒), Oō-laì-yu (巫来由) — disusud tina sumber tinulis biarawan Xuanzang) sareng Wú-laī-yû (無来由). * '''''Malaiyur''''' – disebutkeun dina prasasti Tanjore. Karajaan ieu digambarkeun salaku karajaan anu gaduh "gunung anu kuat pikeun bentengna" anu murag ka penjajah Chola nalika kampanye Rajendra Chola I dina abad ka-11. Bisa jadi ayana di Sumatra, antara Pannai jeung Sriwijaya ([[Kota Palémbang|Palémbang]]),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nagapattinam to suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |editor-last1=Kulke |editor-first1=Hermann |location=Singapore |editor-last2=Kesavapany |editor-first2=K. |editor-last3=Sakhuja |editor-first3=Vijay}}</ref>{{rp|77–78, 170}} meureun di situs arkéologis Muaro Jambi.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Miksic|first=John M.|year=2013|title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-558-3|author1-link=John N. Miksic}}</ref>{{rp|405}} * '''''Malai''''' – disebutkeun ku ahli géografi Arab abad ka-12 [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]] dina Tabula Rogeriana, éta ngagambarkeun semenanjung Malaya salaku pulo anu panjang sareng nyebatna Malai, wawatesan sareng Qmer (Khmer) sareng 12 dinten balayar ti Sanf (Champa).<ref>[https://www.sg/sgbicentennial/the-bicentennial-experience/map/al-idrisis-a-guide-to-pleasant-journeys-into-faraway-lands/ al-Idrisi's A guide to Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands]. Singapore Bicentennial Office. November 2019.</ref><ref>Gerini, G. E., & Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain). (1909). [https://books.google.com.my/books?id=FKYcAAAAMAAJ&vq=malai&pg=PA535#v=onepage&q=malai&f=false Researches on Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago) (Asiatic Society monographs)]. Royal Asiatic society, Royal geographical society. p. 535.</ref> * '''''Bhūmi Mālayu''''' – (sacara harfiah "Tanah Malayu"), transkripsi tina Prasasti Padang Roco tanggal 1286 CE ku Slamet Muljana.{{sfn|Muljana|1981|p=223}} Istilah ieu aya patalina jeung karajaan [[Dharmasraya]]. * '''''Ma-li-yu-er''''' – disebutkeun dina babad Dinasti Yuan, nujul kana hiji bangsa di Semenanjung Malaya anu nyanghareupan ékspansi Karajaan Sukhothai ka kidul, nalika pamaréntahan Ram Khamhaeng.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of Mongol Yuan |website=guoxue.com |language=zh |url=http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |access-date=24 Maret 2026 |archive-date=27 Agustus 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214255/http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Kronik éta nyatakeun: "''..Permusuhan lumangsung antara Siam sareng Ma-li-yu-er sareng duanana silih paéhan ...''". Pikeun ngaréspon tindakan Sukhothai, saurang utusan Cina angkat ka karaton Ram Khamhaeng dina taun 1295 mawa paréntah kaisar: "Tepati jangji anjeun sareng ulah ngalakukeun kajahatan ka Ma-li-yu-er".{{sfn|Hall|1981|p=190}} * '''''Malauir''''' – disebutkeun dina catetan [[Marco Polo]] salaku karajaan anu aya di Semenanjung Malaya,{{sfn|Cordier|2009|p=105}}{{sfn|Wright|2004|pp=364–365}} kamungkinan sami sareng anu disebutkeun dina babad Yuan. * '''''Malayapura''''' – (sacara harfiah "kota Malaya" atanapi "bénténg Malaya"), anu diukir dina prasasti Amoghapasa anu tanggalna taun 1347 Masehi. Istilah éta dianggo ku Adityawarman pikeun nyebut [[Dharmasraya]]. Saran séjénna kaasup kecap [[basa Jawa|Jawa]] ''mlayu'' (salaku kecap pagawéan: lumpat, partisip: buronan), atawa istilah Melayu ''melaju'' (ngagancangkeun sacara ajeg), nuduhkeun mobilitas anu luhur jeung sipat migrasi masarakatna. De Barros (1552) nyebutkeun yén Iskandar Shah méré ngaran ''Malaios'' (urang Malayu) kitu lantaran bapana diusir ti nagarana. Albuquerque nerangkeun yén Parameswara ngungsi (''malayo'') ti karajaan Palembang ka Malaka.{{sfn|Crawfurd|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog/page/n254/mode/2up 244]}} ==Kelompok sub-étnis== {{Tingali ogé|Urang Malayu Indonésia|Urang Malayu Malaysia}} ==Tingali ogé== * [[Dunya Malayu]] * [[Imah Malayu]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Indonésia|Melayu]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Malaysia|Melayu]] [[Kategori:Grup étnis di Singapura|Melayu]] [[Kategori:Sélér bangsa di Indonésia|Melayu]] [[Kategori:Sélér bangsa di Malaysia|Melayu]] {{Authority control}} {{pondok}} q48gens4pvigbt4qx3h0ijvn270djc6 0 106170 710690 706094 2026-06-23T08:35:43Z Danu Widjajanto 508 710690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=[[Letnan Kolonel]]|name=Imam Syafei|image=Berkas:Imam Sjafe'i.jpg|alt=|caption=Imam Syafiei nalika anjeunna janten menteri|office=Menteri Nagara ditugaskeun ka Présidén Urusan Kaamanan Husus|order=|term_start=24 Pébruari 1966|term_end=20 Maret 1966|president=[[Sukarno]]|predecessor=|successor=|office1=Anggota Déwan Perwakilan Rakyat Gotong royong|president1=[[Soekarno]]|governor1=|lieutenant1=|term_start1=15 Agustus 1960|term_end1=?|predecessor1=|successor1=|birth_name=|birth_date={{Birth date|1918|09|27}}|birth_place=[[Jakarta|Batavia]], [[Hindia Walanda]]|death_date={{death date and age|1982|9|9|1918|9|27}}|death_place=[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]|nationality=[[Indonesia]]|other_names=|alma_mater=|occupation=|known_for=|spouse=|children=|relations=|parents=|party=|serviceyears=1945–1966|allegiance=[[Indonesia]]|rank=[[Berkas:Letkol pdh ad.png|25px]] [[Letnan Kolonel]] [[TNI]]|branch=[[Berkas:Insignia of the Indonesian Army.svg|25px]] [[Tentara Indonésia]]|battles=[[Revolusi Nasional Indonésia]]<br>[[Pemberontakan PKI 1948]]}}[[Létnan Kolonél]] '''Imam Syafei'<nowiki/>'' , mindeng diéja '''''<nowiki/>''Imam Sjafe'i''', ' '''''<nowiki/>'''Imam Sapi''', '''Imam Syafi''', '''Imam Sjafei''', jeung nu katelah '''Bang Pi''', nyaéta inohong militér [[Batawi|Betawi]] jeung urut Menteri Nagara ditugaskeun ka Présidén Urusan Kaamanan Husus dina Kabinét Dwikora II. Syafei jujuluk "Robin Hood wewengkon Senen".{{sfn|Fauzi|2010|p=23}} Dina mangsa jadi perwira TNI, manéhna deukeut jeung [[Abdul Haris Nasution]].{{sfn|Fauzi|2010|p=65}} Dilahirkeun ti bapa juara, Syafei janten yatim nalika yuswa 4 taun. Salajengna, anjeunna dipercayakeun ka ulama lajeng ka bibina. Nalika hirup sareng bibina, anjeunna ngamimitian grup anu umurna nyalira sareng teras anjeunna dipenjara. Sanggeus dibébaskeun ti panjara, Syafei diajar silat jeung ngagunakeun pangaweruh nu dimeunangkeun pikeun jadi jawara Pasar Senen. Dina mangsa Revolusi Nasional (1945-1949), Syafei bajoang ngalawan Walanda sarta ogé kalibet dina Operasi Numpes Pemberontakan PKI di [[Madiun]]. Sanggeus mindahkeun kadaulatan, anjeunna ditempatkeun di Komando Militer Kota Jakarta Raya kalayan pangkat kaptén. Salaku anggota TNI, anjeunna ngadegkeun organisasi Cobra pikeun nampung batur-baturna anu dipecat tina wajib militer alatan buta huruf. Dina 1958, anjeunna naek pangkat Létnan Kolonél. Soekarno ngangkat Syafei jadi anggota DPR-GR tanggal 15 Agustus. Taun 1960 sarta saterusna jadi Menteri Nagara dipinankeun ka Présidén Urusan Kaamanan Husus sarta ngajabat jadi menteri ieu nepi ka 20 Maret 1966. Saterusna, manéhna dipanjara babarengan jeung 14 menteri sarta ngan dibébaskeun dina taun 1975. Anjeunna pupus dina 9 Séptémber 1982. == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Inohong Indonésia]] sataenltnxd1plq5r3x13hmsvhm1wza 0 108734 710685 710670 2026-06-22T13:03:29Z Oceanmuse 22609 710685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|King of Jerusalem from 1174 to 1185}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Baldwin IV | succession = [[King of Jerusalem]] | image = King Baldwin IV.png | alt = 13th-century depiction of Baldwin at his coronation | reign = 1174–1185 | coronation = 15 Juli 1174 | cor_type = [[Coronations of the kings and queens of Jerusalem|Coronation]] | predecessor = [[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric]] | successor = [[Baldwin V of Jerusalem|Baldwin V]] (as sole king) | regent = Baldwin V (1183–85) | reg_type = Co-king | regent1 = {{plainlist| *[[Miles of Plancy]] (1173–74) *[[Raymond III of Tripoli]] (1174–76) *[[Guy ti Lusignan]] (1183)}} | reg_type1 = Regents | house = [[House of Châteaudun|Anjou]] | father = [[Amalric of Jerusalem]] | mother = [[Agnes of Courtenay]] | birth_date = Mid-1161 | birth_place = [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] | death_date = Between March and May 1185 (aged 23–24) | death_place = [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] | burial_place = [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] | religion = [[Roman Catholicism]] }} Baldwin IV (1161-1185),<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Baldwin IV {{!}} Crusader, Leper, Regent {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Baldwin-IV-king-of-Jerusalem|newspaper=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2026-06-20|language=en}}</ref> anu kawentar ku ''leper king'' atawa raja kusta, nya éta raja Karajaan Yerusalem ti taun 1174<ref name=":0" /> nepi ka pupusna dina taun 1185.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ijl.ilsl.br/detalhe_artigo.php?id=MTAyNw==&secao=EDITORIAL|title=ILSL - Internacional Journal of Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Diseases- EDITORIAL- Leprosy and the case of king Baldwin iv of Jerusalem: mycobacterial disease in the crusader states of the 12th and 13th centuries|website=ijl.ilsl.br|accessdate=2026-06-20}}</ref> Baudouin naék tahta nalika umurna kakara tilu welas taun, sanajan harita anjeunna keur kaserang panyakit kusta. Anjeunna ngalaksanakeun sababaraha usaha pikeun nahan jeung ngawatesan beuki ngagedéna kakawasaan pangawasa Muslim, nyaéta [[Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi|Salahuddin al-Ayyubi]] atawa ceuk urang Barat mah Saladin. Sanajan kitu, sabagéan gedé mangsa pamaréntahanana dicirian ku pasalia pamadegan jeung paséa pulitik di antara para bangsawan karajaan. Sapanjang mangsa pamaréntahanana, utamana dina ahir hirupna, Baldwin IV nyanghareupan pasualan ngeunaan panerus tahta. Anjeunna usaha milih ahli waris anu merenah sarta nyegah timbulna krisis suksesi anu bisa ngaganggu kaayaan nagara. Ku cara milih para panaséhat anu miboga kamampuh jeung pangaweruh anu hadé, Baldwin IV sanggup mingpin nagara Tentara Salib anu makmur sarta ngajaga éta karajaan tina ancaman Salahuddin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecollector.com/baldwin-iv-death-fall-kingdom-jerusalem/|title=Why the Kingdom of Jerusalem Fell Apart the Moment Baldwin IV Died|last=Firth|first=Ashley|website=TheCollector|language=en|accessdate=2026-06-20}}</ref> Kolotna Baldwin, nyaéta ''[[King Amalric]]'' jeung ''[[Agnes of Courtenay]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|title=Amalric I {{!}} Crusader King, Latin Kingdom, Holy Land {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amalric-I|newspaper=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2026-06-20|language=en}}</ref> papisah nalika Baldwin kakara umur dua taun. Nalika yuswana salapan taun, anjeunna dikirim pikeun diajar jeung dididik ku ''[[William of Tyre]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elizabethchadwick.com/blog/primary-source-saturday-baldwin-iv-the-leper-king/|title=PRIMARY SOURCE SATURDAY: Baldwin IV The Leper King|website=Elizabeth Chadwick|language=en-US|accessdate=2026-06-20}}</ref> Dina mangsa atikan éta, Willelmus mimiti nengetan aya tanda-tanda awal panyakit kusta dina diri Baldwin. Sanajan kitu, panyakit éta kakara bisa dipastikeun sanggeus anjeunna ngagantikeun ramana jadi raja. Sanggeus nyaho yén dirina kaserang kusta, Baldwin mimiti ngalaman cacad dina leungeun jeung rarayna. Najan rasa dina anggota awakna laun-laun ngurangan, anjeunna tetep bisa ngawasa rupa-rupa kaparigelan, saperti nunggang kuda jeung mingpin pasukan dina peperangan nepi ka taun-taun panungtungan hirupna. Nalika Baldwin naék tahta, pamaréntahanana mimitina diwakilan ku ''[[Miles of Plancy]]''. Sanggeus éta, kalungguhan wali karajaan dicangking ku [[Raymond III]], ''[[Count of Tripoli]]'' nepi ka Baldwin dianggap geus bisa mingpin dina taun 1176.<ref name=":0" /> Sanggeus éta, indungna balik deui ka karaton, sarta hubungan Baldwin jeung indungna ogé jeung lanceuk tirina, ''[[Joscelin III of Edessa]]'', jadi leuwih raket. == Rujukan == dlmuu4ogm9pbaiojjkoc79gmen9pyjl