Wikipedia suwiki https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Média Husus Obrolan Pamaké Obrolan pamaké Wikipedia Obrolan Wikipedia Gambar Obrolan gambar MédiaWiki Obrolan MédiaWiki Citakan Obrolan citakan Pitulung Obrolan pitulung Kategori Obrolan kategori Portal Obrolan portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 23704 711074 664001 2026-07-17T13:31:14Z ~2026-40386-57 37108 Mutahirkeun data legana wilayah Timor Wétan dumasar kana sumber-sumber nu leuwih anyar. 711074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = ''Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e''<br />''República Democrática de Timor-Leste'' |conventional_long_name = Républik Démokratik Timor-Lésté |common_name = Timor Wétan |image_flag = Flag of East Timor.svg |image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_East_Timor.svg |image_map = LocationEastTimor.svg |national_motto = ''"Unidade, Acção, Progresso"''{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Basa Portugis|Portugis]])<br />"Ngahiji, Meta, Mekar"</small> |national_anthem = ''[[Pátria]]'' |official_languages = [[Tetum]], [[Basa Portugis|Portugis]]¹ |working_languages = [[Basa Indonésia|Indonésia]], [[Basa Inggris|Inggrissup]]>1</sup> |capital = [[Dili]] |latd=8 |latm=34 |latNS=S |longd=125 |longm=34 |longEW=E |largest_city = Ibu kota |government_type = [[Républik]] |leader_title1 = [[Présidén Timor Wétan|Présidén]] |leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Timor Wétan|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name1 = [[José Ramos-Horta]] |leader_name2 = [[José Maria Vasconcelos]] (Taur Matan Ruak) |area_rank = ka-158 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area = 15,007 |areami² = 5,743 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = sakedik |population_estimate = 947,000 |population_estimate_rank = ka-155 |population_estimate_year = Juli 2005 <!--UN WPP--> |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density = 64 |population_densitymi² = 166 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 132nd |GDP_PPP = $1.68 miliar |GDP_PPP_rank = <small>206</small> |GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $800 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <small>188</small> |sovereignty_type = Merdika |sovereignty_note = ti [[Portugal]]² |established_event1 = Didéklarasikeun |established_event2 = Diaku |established_date1 = [[28 Nopémber]] [[1975]] |established_date2 = [[20 Méi]] [[2002]] |HDI = 0.513 |HDI_rank = ka-142 |HDI_year = 2004 |HDI_category = <font color="#ffcc00">sedeng</font> |currency = [[Dolar Amérika Sarikat|Dolar A.S.]]³ |currency_code = USD |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = +9 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.tl]]⁴ |calling_code = 670 |footnote1 = [[Basa Indonésia]] jeung [[Basa Inggris]] diaku ku Undang-undang minangka ''"[[working language]]"''. |footnote2 = [[Indonésia]] nginvasi Timor Wétan dina [[7 Désémber]], 1975 sarta ninggalkeun taun [[1999]]. |footnote3 = [[Koin centavo Timor Wétan|Koin centavo]] dipake oge. |footnote4 = [[.tp]] keur dina tahap kaluar. }} '''Républik Démokratik Timor-Lésté''' (resmina, ngaran '''Timor-Lésté''' leuwih dipikaresep, sanajan '''Timor Wétan''' geus leuwih ilahar dina basa urang) nyaéta hiji nagara di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Nagara ieu perenahna di bagéan wétan Pulo [[Timor]], deukeuteun kapuloan [[Pulo Atauro|Atauro]] jeung [[Jaco (Timor Wétan)|Jaco]], sarta [[Oecussi-Ambeno]], [[éksklaf]] di sisi kulon kalér pulo, di wewengkon [[Timor Kulon]], [[Indonésia]]. Nagara leutik nu legana ukur 5.376 mil pasagi (14,609 kilométer pasagi) ieu, perenahna kurang leuwih 400 mil (640&nbsp;km) kulon kalereun [[Darwin, Wewengkon kalér|Darwin, Australia]]. Salila dijajah ku [[Portugal]] dina abad ka-16, Timor Wétan katelahna [[Timor Portugis]] salila mangabad-abad. Satuluyna diinvasi ku Indonésia taun 1975 sarta diaku minangka propinsi ka-27 taun satuluyna. Dumasar kana referendum taun [[1999]] nu dirojong ku [[PBB]], Indonésia ngaleupaskeun kadali ka Timor Wetan sarta ngajadikeun nagara ieu [[Daptar nagara berdaulat|nagara berdaulat]] munggaran dina [[abad ka-21]] sarta dina [[milénium ka-3]] dina [[20 Méi]] [[2002]]. Lian ti [[Pilipina]], Timor Wetan mangrupa salah sahiji tina dua nagara [[Katolik Roma]] di [[Asia]]. == Etimologi == Ngaran "Timor" diturunkeun tina kecap ''timur'', nu hartina "wétan" dina [[Basa Indonésia]] jeung [[Basa Malayu]] nu satuluyna jadi kecap ''Timor'' dina [[Basa Portugis]]. Ngaran Portugis ''Timor-Lésté'' ([[Pronunsiasi|pron]]. {{IPA2|ti'moɾ 'lɛʃtɨ}}) jeung [[Basa Tetum]] nu henteu resmi ''Timór Lorosa'é'' kadang-kadang dipaké dina [[Basa Inggris]], sarta PBB sacara resmi nyebutna Timor-Lésté. ''Lorosa'é'' (kecap keur "wétan" dina Basa Tetum) sacara literal hartina "panonpoé nu medal". == Sajarah == Abad ka-16: Kadatangan Portugis 1902: Divisi definitif Timor antara Portugis jeung Walanda 1975: Timor Portugis ditinggalkeun ku Portugal nu katarajang Revolusi Carnation. Invasi ku Indonesia, dibantuan ku Australia, Inggris jeung Amerika kusabab sieun jadi nagara komunis.1976: jadi propinsi Timor Timur bagian Indonesia.1976 - 1999: Pendudukan Indonesia di Timor Timur. Kira-kira 100.000 - 250.000 urang maot.[19]1991: Kajadian Santa Cruz 1999: Referendum ngeunaan pamisahan Timor Wétan diijinkeun ku Présidén B. J. Habibie. Saatos mundurna Présidén Soeharto, perjanjian anu disponsoran PBB antara Indonésia sareng Portugal diidinan pikeun referendum dina pangawasan PBB dina bulan Agustus 1999. Sora anu jelas pikeun kamerdékaan Timor Wétan ditampi ku kampanye kekerasan milisi pro-Timor Wétan kalayan dukungan ti Indonésia. Kalayan idin ti Indonésia, pasukan penjaga perdamaian multi-nasional anu dipimpin Australia dikerahkan dugi kaayaan pulih. Dina ahir 1999, administrasi Timor direbut ku PBB ngaliwatan Administrasi Transisi PBB di Timor Leste 2002: Nyiptakeun nagara Timor Leste 2006: sapertilu ti urut pemberontak tentara nasional Timor Leste nungtut kaadilan; konflik peupeus kaluar antara pulisi anu ngarojong pamaréntah jeung militér Dina 30 Agustus 2001, rahayat Timor Wétan milih dina pamilihan kahiji maranéhanana dilaksanakeun ku PBB pikeun milih anggota parlemén.[20] Nepi ka Méi 2002, leuwih ti 20.000 pangungsi geus balik. Dina 20 Méi 2002, Konstitusi Républik Démokratik Timor Leste mimiti berlaku jeung Timor Leste diaku merdéka ku PBB.[21] Parlemén Nasional dibentuk sareng Xanana Gusmão disumpah salaku Présidén munggaran nagara éta. Dina 27 Séptémber 2002, Timor Wétan diganti ngaran Timor-Lésté, ngagunakeun basa Portugis, sarta ditarima jadi nagara anggota ku PBB.[22] Taun saterusna, Gusmão nampik istilah présidén anu sanés, sareng sateuacan pamilihan présidén April 2007 aya wabah kekerasan. José Ramos-Horta kapilih présidén dina pamilihan Méi 2007, sedengkeun Gusmão ngajalankeun pamilihan parlemén sarta jadi Perdana Mentri. Ramos-Horta tatu kritis dina usaha pembunuhan dina bulan Pebruari 2008. Perdana Mentri Gusmão ogé ditémbak misah tapi junun kabur teu tatu. bala bantuan Australia langsung dikirim pikeun mantuan ngajaga karapihan. Taun 2006, PBB ngirim pasukan kaamanan pikeun mulangkeun katertiban nalika karusuhan jeung tarung maksa 15 persén populasi (155.000 urang) kabur ti imahna. Dina Maret 2011, PBB nyerahkeun kontrol operasional pulisi ka otoritas Timor Wétan. PBB mungkas misi perdamaian na dina 31 Désémber 2012{{utama|Sajarah Timor Wétan}} == Tempo ogé == {{columns |width=220px |col1 = * [[Komunikasi di Timor Wétan]] * [[Hubungan luar nagri Timor Wétan]] * [[Timor Gedé]] * [[Indonésia]] * [[Militér Timor Wétan]] |col2 = * [[Associação dos Escuteiros de Timor Lorosae|Pramuka di Timor Wétan]] * [[Olahraga di Timor Wétan]] * [[Timor]] * [[Angkutan di Timor Wétan]] * [[Timor Kulon]] }} ; Daptar * [[Daptar jejer nu patali jeung Timor Wétan]] * [[Daptar kota di Timor Wétan]] * [[Daptar urang Timor Wétan]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}}https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste == Tumbu luar == {{sisterlinks|East Timor}} {{wikinews|East Timor - Australia problematic billion-dollar gas and oil accord}} ; Pamaréntah * [http://www.timor-leste.gov.tl/ Timor-Leste.gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102135014/http://www.timor-leste.gov.tl/ |date=2019-01-02 }} Official government site * [http://www.mfac.gov.tp Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Timor-Leste] * [http://www.timorlesteingeneva.com Permanent Mission of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste to the United Nations in Geneva] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311103700/http://www.timorlesteingeneva.com/ |date=2007-03-11 }} * {{tet icon}} {{pt icon}} [http://www.cne.tl/ East Timor National Election Commission website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109163012/http://www.cne.tl/ |date=2017-01-09 }} ; Lianna * [http://www.betterworldlinks.org/index.php?cat=1876 Better World Links on East Timor] * [http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=140&edition=7&ccrpage=31&ccrcountry=113 Freedom House report on East Timor]: examining government accountability, civil liberties, rule of law, and anticorruption efforts * [http://www.turismotimorleste.com/ East Timor Tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414222648/http://www.turismotimorleste.com/ |date=2006-04-14 }} * [http://www.etan.org/resource/websites.htm East Timor and Indonesia on the World-Wide Web (ETAN)] link directory * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tt.html CIA World Factbook on East Timor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128152225/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tt.html |date=2018-01-28 }} * [http://www.laohamutuk.org/ East Timor Institute for Reconstruction Monitoring and Analysis (La'o Hamutuk)] * [http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/timelines/s140800 Timeline of Timor Sea boundary negotiations (Radio Australia)] * [http://pilger.carlton.com/page.asp?partid=17 "Death of a Nation - The Timor Conspiracy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823152635/http://pilger.carlton.com/page.asp?partid=17 |date=2007-08-23 }} documentary produced by John Pilger in 1994. * [http://www.dollarsandsense.org/archives/2006/0706chaudhry.html "Minding the Timor Gap"] article on éast Timor natural resources in [[Dollars & Sense]] * {{PDFlink|[http://www.geocities.com/cpkingham/TheBirthofaNewNation-AnExplorationofNationalIdentityinEastTimor-byChrisKingham.pdf National Identity in East Timor]|791&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 810666 bytes -->}} A document exploring the fundamental elements that constitute Timorese national identity * [http://www.asianlang.mq.edu.au/INL/timormyths.html "Dispelling the Myths of Timor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621060855/http://www.asianlang.mq.edu.au/INL/timormyths.html |date=2007-06-21 }} * [http://www.timor.org/ Images of Timor Lorosae / Timor-Leste] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814034537/http://www.timor.org/ |date=2007-08-14 }} * [http://jpesperanca.blogspot.com/2006/11/blogosfera-conspiraes-e-artes-marciais.html Violence and martial arts in East Timor] * [http://www.chomsky.info/articles/19990910.htm East Timor article by Noam Chomsky] * [http://www.chomsky.info/articles/199910--.htm East Timor Retrospective by Noam Chomsky] * [http://www.chomsky.info/articles/199910--02.htm East Timor Questions & Answers] {{Template group |title = Geografi lokal |list = {{Countries and territories of Southeast Asia}} }} {{Template group |title = Kaanggotaan internasional |list = {{Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP)|state=collapsed}} {{East Asia Summit}} {{Portuguese overseas empire}} {{Austronesian-speaking}} }} <!--Categories--> [[Kategori:Timor Wétan| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara pulo]] [[Kategori:Urut jajahan Portugis]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Asia Tenggara]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu basana Basa Portugis]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu kapisahkeun|Timor Wetan]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 2002]] [[Kategori:Nagara miskin]] <!--Other languages--> 3ouqxftl18tyjnri46tzi07mfriaiva 711075 711074 2026-07-17T14:07:59Z ~2026-40386-57 37108 Perbarui legana wilayah Timor Wétan dina satuan mil pasagi. 711075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = ''Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e''<br />''República Democrática de Timor-Leste'' |conventional_long_name = Républik Démokratik Timor-Lésté |common_name = Timor Wétan |image_flag = Flag of East Timor.svg |image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_East_Timor.svg |image_map = LocationEastTimor.svg |national_motto = ''"Unidade, Acção, Progresso"''{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Basa Portugis|Portugis]])<br />"Ngahiji, Meta, Mekar"</small> |national_anthem = ''[[Pátria]]'' |official_languages = [[Tetum]], [[Basa Portugis|Portugis]]¹ |working_languages = [[Basa Indonésia|Indonésia]], [[Basa Inggris|Inggrissup]]>1</sup> |capital = [[Dili]] |latd=8 |latm=34 |latNS=S |longd=125 |longm=34 |longEW=E |largest_city = Ibu kota |government_type = [[Républik]] |leader_title1 = [[Présidén Timor Wétan|Présidén]] |leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Timor Wétan|Perdana Mentri]] |leader_name1 = [[José Ramos-Horta]] |leader_name2 = [[José Maria Vasconcelos]] (Taur Matan Ruak) |area_rank = ka-158 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area = 15,007 |areami² = 5,794 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = sakedik |population_estimate = 1,431,991 |population_estimate_rank = ka-155 |population_estimate_year = Juli 2005 <!--UN WPP--> |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density = 64 |population_densitymi² = 166 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 132nd |GDP_PPP = $1.68 miliar |GDP_PPP_rank = <small>206</small> |GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $800 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <small>188</small> |sovereignty_type = Merdika |sovereignty_note = ti [[Portugal]]² |established_event1 = Didéklarasikeun |established_event2 = Diaku |established_date1 = [[28 Nopémber]] [[1975]] |established_date2 = [[20 Méi]] [[2002]] |HDI = 0.513 |HDI_rank = ka-142 |HDI_year = 2004 |HDI_category = <font color="#ffcc00">sedeng</font> |currency = [[Dolar Amérika Sarikat|Dolar A.S.]]³ |currency_code = USD |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = +9 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.tl]]⁴ |calling_code = 670 |footnote1 = [[Basa Indonésia]] jeung [[Basa Inggris]] diaku ku Undang-undang minangka ''"[[working language]]"''. |footnote2 = [[Indonésia]] nginvasi Timor Wétan dina [[7 Désémber]], 1975 sarta ninggalkeun taun [[1999]]. |footnote3 = [[Koin centavo Timor Wétan|Koin centavo]] dipake oge. |footnote4 = [[.tp]] keur dina tahap kaluar. }} '''Républik Démokratik Timor-Lésté''' (resmina, ngaran '''Timor-Lésté''' leuwih dipikaresep, sanajan '''Timor Wétan''' geus leuwih ilahar dina basa urang) nyaéta hiji nagara di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Nagara ieu perenahna di bagéan wétan Pulo [[Timor]], deukeuteun kapuloan [[Pulo Atauro|Atauro]] jeung [[Jaco (Timor Wétan)|Jaco]], sarta [[Oecussi-Ambeno]], [[éksklaf]] di sisi kulon kalér pulo, di wewengkon [[Timor Kulon]], [[Indonésia]]. Nagara leutik nu legana ukur 5.794 mil pasagi (15,007 kilométer pasagi) ieu, perenahna kurang leuwih 400 mil (640&nbsp;km) kulon kalereun [[Darwin, Wewengkon kalér|Darwin, Australia]]. Salila dijajah ku [[Portugal]] dina abad ka-16, Timor Wétan katelahna [[Timor Portugis]] salila mangabad-abad. Satuluyna diinvasi ku Indonésia taun 1975 sarta diaku minangka propinsi ka-27 taun satuluyna. Dumasar kana referendum taun [[1999]] nu dirojong ku [[PBB]], Indonésia ngaleupaskeun kadali ka Timor Wetan sarta ngajadikeun nagara ieu [[Daptar nagara berdaulat|nagara berdaulat]] munggaran dina [[abad ka-21]] sarta dina [[milénium ka-3]] dina [[20 Méi]] [[2002]]. Lian ti [[Pilipina]], Timor Wetan mangrupa salah sahiji tina dua nagara [[Katolik Roma]] di [[Asia]]. == Etimologi == Ngaran "Timor" diturunkeun tina kecap ''timur'', nu hartina "wétan" dina [[Basa Indonésia]] jeung [[Basa Malayu]] nu satuluyna jadi kecap ''Timor'' dina [[Basa Portugis]]. Ngaran Portugis ''Timor-Lésté'' ([[Pronunsiasi|pron]]. {{IPA2|ti'moɾ 'lɛʃtɨ}}) jeung [[Basa Tetum]] nu henteu resmi ''Timór Lorosa'é'' kadang-kadang dipaké dina [[Basa Inggris]], sarta PBB sacara resmi nyebutna Timor-Lésté. ''Lorosa'é'' (kecap keur "wétan" dina Basa Tetum) sacara literal hartina "panonpoé nu medal". == Sajarah == Abad ka-16: Kadatangan Portugis 1902: Divisi definitif Timor antara Portugis jeung Walanda 1975: Timor Portugis ditinggalkeun ku Portugal nu katarajang Revolusi Carnation. Invasi ku Indonesia, dibantuan ku Australia, Inggris jeung Amerika kusabab sieun jadi nagara komunis.1976: jadi propinsi Timor Timur bagian Indonesia.1976 - 1999: Pendudukan Indonesia di Timor Timur. Kira-kira 100.000 - 250.000 urang maot.[19]1991: Kajadian Santa Cruz 1999: Referendum ngeunaan pamisahan Timor Wétan diijinkeun ku Présidén B. J. Habibie. Saatos mundurna Présidén Soeharto, perjanjian anu disponsoran PBB antara Indonésia sareng Portugal diidinan pikeun referendum dina pangawasan PBB dina bulan Agustus 1999. Sora anu jelas pikeun kamerdékaan Timor Wétan ditampi ku kampanye kekerasan milisi pro-Timor Wétan kalayan dukungan ti Indonésia. Kalayan idin ti Indonésia, pasukan penjaga perdamaian multi-nasional anu dipimpin Australia dikerahkan dugi kaayaan pulih. Dina ahir 1999, administrasi Timor direbut ku PBB ngaliwatan Administrasi Transisi PBB di Timor Leste 2002: Nyiptakeun nagara Timor Leste 2006: sapertilu ti urut pemberontak tentara nasional Timor Leste nungtut kaadilan; konflik peupeus kaluar antara pulisi anu ngarojong pamaréntah jeung militér Dina 30 Agustus 2001, rahayat Timor Wétan milih dina pamilihan kahiji maranéhanana dilaksanakeun ku PBB pikeun milih anggota parlemén.[20] Nepi ka Méi 2002, leuwih ti 20.000 pangungsi geus balik. Dina 20 Méi 2002, Konstitusi Républik Démokratik Timor Leste mimiti berlaku jeung Timor Leste diaku merdéka ku PBB.[21] Parlemén Nasional dibentuk sareng Xanana Gusmão disumpah salaku Présidén munggaran nagara éta. Dina 27 Séptémber 2002, Timor Wétan diganti ngaran Timor-Lésté, ngagunakeun basa Portugis, sarta ditarima jadi nagara anggota ku PBB.[22] Taun saterusna, Gusmão nampik istilah présidén anu sanés, sareng sateuacan pamilihan présidén April 2007 aya wabah kekerasan. José Ramos-Horta kapilih présidén dina pamilihan Méi 2007, sedengkeun Gusmão ngajalankeun pamilihan parlemén sarta jadi Perdana Mentri. Ramos-Horta tatu kritis dina usaha pembunuhan dina bulan Pebruari 2008. Perdana Mentri Gusmão ogé ditémbak misah tapi junun kabur teu tatu. bala bantuan Australia langsung dikirim pikeun mantuan ngajaga karapihan. Taun 2006, PBB ngirim pasukan kaamanan pikeun mulangkeun katertiban nalika karusuhan jeung tarung maksa 15 persén populasi (155.000 urang) kabur ti imahna. Dina Maret 2011, PBB nyerahkeun kontrol operasional pulisi ka otoritas Timor Wétan. PBB mungkas misi perdamaian na dina 31 Désémber 2012{{utama|Sajarah Timor Wétan}} == Tempo ogé == {{columns |width=220px |col1 = * [[Komunikasi di Timor Wétan]] * [[Hubungan luar nagri Timor Wétan]] * [[Timor Gedé]] * [[Indonésia]] * [[Militér Timor Wétan]] |col2 = * [[Associação dos Escuteiros de Timor Lorosae|Pramuka di Timor Wétan]] * [[Olahraga di Timor Wétan]] * [[Timor]] * [[Angkutan di Timor Wétan]] * [[Timor Kulon]] }} ; Daptar * [[Daptar jejer nu patali jeung Timor Wétan]] * [[Daptar kota di Timor Wétan]] * [[Daptar urang Timor Wétan]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}}https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste == Tumbu luar == {{sisterlinks|East Timor}} {{wikinews|East Timor - Australia problematic billion-dollar gas and oil accord}} ; Pamaréntah * [http://www.timor-leste.gov.tl/ Timor-Leste.gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102135014/http://www.timor-leste.gov.tl/ |date=2019-01-02 }} Official government site * [http://www.mfac.gov.tp Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Timor-Leste] * [http://www.timorlesteingeneva.com Permanent Mission of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste to the United Nations in Geneva] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311103700/http://www.timorlesteingeneva.com/ |date=2007-03-11 }} * {{tet icon}} {{pt icon}} [http://www.cne.tl/ East Timor National Election Commission website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109163012/http://www.cne.tl/ |date=2017-01-09 }} ; Lianna * [http://www.betterworldlinks.org/index.php?cat=1876 Better World Links on East Timor] * [http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=140&edition=7&ccrpage=31&ccrcountry=113 Freedom House report on East Timor]: examining government accountability, civil liberties, rule of law, and anticorruption efforts * [http://www.turismotimorleste.com/ East Timor Tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414222648/http://www.turismotimorleste.com/ |date=2006-04-14 }} * [http://www.etan.org/resource/websites.htm East Timor and Indonesia on the World-Wide Web (ETAN)] link directory * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tt.html CIA World Factbook on East Timor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128152225/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tt.html |date=2018-01-28 }} * [http://www.laohamutuk.org/ East Timor Institute for Reconstruction Monitoring and Analysis (La'o Hamutuk)] * [http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/timelines/s140800 Timeline of Timor Sea boundary negotiations (Radio Australia)] * [http://pilger.carlton.com/page.asp?partid=17 "Death of a Nation - The Timor Conspiracy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823152635/http://pilger.carlton.com/page.asp?partid=17 |date=2007-08-23 }} documentary produced by John Pilger in 1994. * [http://www.dollarsandsense.org/archives/2006/0706chaudhry.html "Minding the Timor Gap"] article on éast Timor natural resources in [[Dollars & Sense]] * {{PDFlink|[http://www.geocities.com/cpkingham/TheBirthofaNewNation-AnExplorationofNationalIdentityinEastTimor-byChrisKingham.pdf National Identity in East Timor]|791&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 810666 bytes -->}} A document exploring the fundamental elements that constitute Timorese national identity * [http://www.asianlang.mq.edu.au/INL/timormyths.html "Dispelling the Myths of Timor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621060855/http://www.asianlang.mq.edu.au/INL/timormyths.html |date=2007-06-21 }} * [http://www.timor.org/ Images of Timor Lorosae / Timor-Leste] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814034537/http://www.timor.org/ |date=2007-08-14 }} * [http://jpesperanca.blogspot.com/2006/11/blogosfera-conspiraes-e-artes-marciais.html Violence and martial arts in East Timor] * [http://www.chomsky.info/articles/19990910.htm East Timor article by Noam Chomsky] * [http://www.chomsky.info/articles/199910--.htm East Timor Retrospective by Noam Chomsky] * [http://www.chomsky.info/articles/199910--02.htm East Timor Questions & Answers] {{Template group |title = Geografi lokal |list = {{Countries and territories of Southeast Asia}} }} {{Template group |title = Kaanggotaan internasional |list = {{Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP)|state=collapsed}} {{East Asia Summit}} {{Portuguese overseas empire}} {{Austronesian-speaking}} }} <!--Categories--> [[Kategori:Timor Wétan| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara pulo]] [[Kategori:Urut jajahan Portugis]] [[Kategori:Nagara di Asia Tenggara]] [[Kategori:Nagara nu basana Basa Portugis]] [[Kategori:Wewengkon nu kapisahkeun|Timor Wetan]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 2002]] [[Kategori:Nagara miskin]] <!--Other languages--> 2her3ae4ljqkxjl7ln49ankv8tr9gpr 3 38580 711076 383120 2026-07-17T14:29:50Z Rachmat04 10846 Rachmat04 mindahkeun kaca [[Obrolan pamaké:Imanuel NS Uen]] ka [[Obrolan pamaké:Renamed user 38d3b999390ef37d7ae9e1f5f0060186]] tanpa ninggalkeun pindahan: Secara otomatis memindahkan halaman ketika mengganti nama pengguna "[[Special:CentralAuth/Imanuel NS Uen|Imanuel NS Uen]]" menjadi "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 38d3b999390ef37d7ae9e1f5f0060186|Renamed user 38d3b999390ef37d7ae9e1f5f0060186]]" 383120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wilujeng sumping}} <span style="-moz-border-radius: 5px; border: solid 2px #228B22; background-color: #FFFFFF; color=#1E90FF">[[Pamaké:Sersan Mayor Kururu|'''Seyoru''']] | [[Obrolan pamaké:Sersan Mayor Kururu|'''ᮍᮛᮧᮘᮢᮧᮜ᮪''']] </span> 20 Agustus 2012 09.53 (UTC) mshnyhab9jdgbdlsnod3w3m6vwsk67l 0 105102 711077 673063 2026-07-18T11:28:42Z Dodiinsankamil 32450 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 711077 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Max Havelaar''' mangrupa karya sastra penting dina [[sastra Walanda]] nu ditulis ku [[Multatuli]], ngaran kalam panulis [[Walanda]] [[Eduard Douwes Dekker]]. Novel ieu mimiti terbit taun 1860 sarta diakuan minangka karya anu ngawanohkeun gaya nulis anyar dina sastra Walanda. [[Gambar:Multatuli - Max havelaar, traduction Nieuwenhuis, 1876.jpg|jmpl|Max Havelaar]] Ditulis dina basa Walanda kalayan judul aslina ''"Max Havelaar, of de koffij-veilingen der Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij"'' ([[Basa Indonésia]]: "Max Havelaar, atawa Lelang Kopi Perusahaan Dagang Walanda"), ieu novel dijieun ku Multatuli dina ngan sabulan dina panginepan di [[Bélgia]] taun 1859. Sataun saterusna, dina taun 1860, novel ieu diterbitkeun pikeun kahiji kalina. Di Indonésia, ieu karya téh kacida dihargaan lantaran mangrupa karya munggaran anu sacara teges jeung lantang ngébréhkeun kasangsaraan rahayat anu dijajah. Max Havelaar nyaritakeun ngeunaan sistem budidaya paksa anu neken penduduk pribumi di wewengkon Lebak, Banten. Karya ieu diakuan salaku bagian penting tina sastra dunya. Salah sahiji bagian anu matak pikareueuseun nya éta dramatisasi carita Saijah jeung Adinda, anu bener-bener ngahudang rasa nu maca sarta mindeng dicutat sarta jadi jejer pintonan di panggung. Hermann Hesse, dina bukuna anu judulna Die Welt Bibliothek (Perpustakaan Dunia), kalebet Max Havelaar dina daptar buku anu anjeunna ngahargaan pisan. Nyatana, Max Havelaar ayeuna parantos janten bacaan wajib di sakola-sakola di Walanda. == Kisah == Dina pertengahan abad ka-19, kakawasaan [[Hindia-Walanda|Hindia Walanda]] ngaliwatan Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) ka pamaréntah Walanda alatan gagalna ékonomi VOC. Pikeun nambahan panghasilan, pamaréntah kolonial Walanda ngalaksanakeun runtuyan kawijakan anu katelah Sistem Tanam atawa cultuurstelsel. Kultuurstelsel ieu maksa para patani Indonésia pikeun melak kuota palawija kontan, saperti gula jeung kopi, pikeun kapentingan kolonial Walanda. Salian ti éta, Walanda ogé meunang panghasilan tina ngajual candu ka penduduk pribumi. Dagangan candu ieu geus lumangsung mangabad-abad samemeh ayana VOC, di mana candu digunakeun pikeun ubar nyeri anu ngabalukarkeun kacanduan. Sanajan kitu, hanjakalna, sanajan metoda ieu, lolobana populasi pribumi masih ngalaman kasusah ékonomi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2021/06/22/200000179/max-havelaar--cerita-kritik-dan-dampak|title=Max Havelaar: Cerita, Kritik, dan Dampak Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2024-03-31}}</ref> == Kiritik == Tungtungna, Multatuli atawa Edward Douwes Dekker nulis Max Havelaar minangka wujud protés kana kawijakan kolonial ieu. Sanajan kitu, artikel ieu ogé boga tujuan séjén, nyaéta néangan rehabilitasi pikeun pengunduran dirinya tina layanan pamaréntah. Tina tulisan ieu, urang Éropa mimiti sadar yén kabeungharanna sering dicandak tina kasangsaraan di wilayah kolonial. Kasadaran ieu lajeng ngakibatkeun mecenghulna motivasi pikeun nerapkeun kawijakan etika anyar, di mana pamaréntah kolonial Walanda nyoba mayar hutang moral maranéhna pikeun populasi kolonial. Usaha mayar hutang ieu dilaksanakeun ku cara méré atikan ka sababaraha golongan pribumi, hususna anu satia ka pamaréntah kolonial.<ref name=":0" /> == Dampak kahirupan == Kusabab Max Havelaar diterbitkeun, buku éta janten pemicu pikeun seueur jalma pikeun muka panon kana kanyataan anu disumputkeun tukangeun kawijakan kolonial. Masarakat mimiti mempertanyakeun ayana cultuurstelsel, sistem budidaya paksa anu geus lila ngatindes masarakat pribumi. Sumanget lalawanan mimiti tumuwuh, sarta sora-sora anu nentang kawijakan kolonial beuki nyaring. Tungtungna, tekanan publik hasil maksa pamaréntah Walanda pikeun mupuskeun sistem. Ngaleungitkeun cultuurstelsel jadi titik tolak kabentukna pulitik étika, dimana pamaréntah Walanda mimiti mikawanoh tanggung jawab moralna ka populasi jajahanana. Ieu ngagambarkeun parobahan paradigma signifikan dina hubungan antara Walanda jeung Hindia Walanda. Dina 1976, pesen kuat Max Havelaar dibawa ka layar badag ngaliwatan adaptasi pilem na, strengthening dampak na relevansi dina kasadaran koléktif masarakat.<ref name=":0" /> == Référénsi == {{Reflist}} tb8ymxxnakq6iqkytwd3whpwyr1fwvw