Wikipedia suwiki https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Média Husus Obrolan Pamaké Obrolan pamaké Wikipedia Obrolan Wikipedia Gambar Obrolan gambar MédiaWiki Obrolan MédiaWiki Citakan Obrolan citakan Pitulung Obrolan pitulung Kategori Obrolan kategori Portal Obrolan portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 6 16694 711417 660088 2026-08-02T12:59:04Z ~2026-42866-02 37176 711417 wikitext text/x-wiki Astrajingga dari kata "astra" yang berarti musuh dan "jingga" yang merujuk kepada wadyabala Krisna Jati Aji, Rajadiraja Nusantara. Astrajingga = musuhnya Krisna Mo (wadyabala Krisna Jati Aji, yang mawxsvdbeggwdgdghdhdggend na dimensi modernnya adalah TNI, POLRI, dsb). Krisna Jati Aji adalah galur utama dari wangsa Jati, penerus Aji Jati Manikmana atau Maha Prabu Manikmaya yang berpusat di Nagrek pada tahun 500an Masehi. Jadi, sebetulnya Astrajingga alias Cepot alias Bagong alias Celeng alias Babi Hutan adalah musuhnya wadyabala Garilya-nya Krisna Jati Aji. Dan karena Sunda Jati adalah keturunan wangsa Jati, maka Cepot adalah simbologi untuk musuhnya Sunda pula. Kenapa Astrajingga (musuhnya Krisna) disimbolkan babi hutan? Karena konteks tradisional bangetnya, makanan istimewa bangsa Jawa (tribe Jawa Sunda d bagian barat Pulau Jawa maupun tribe Jawa Bagelen di bagian tengah dan timur Pulau Jawa) adalah celeng alias babi hutan alias bagong alias cepot. Point penting yang harus diperhatikan adalah bahwa ada upaya membalik sejarah sehingga Cepot adalah astrajingga (musuhnya Krisna Mo) jadi digambarkan seakan-akan balajingga. Waspada! tiod57f1pjrrtpvnjvfp466x34qdjfs 711418 711417 2026-08-02T12:59:17Z Quinlan83 26013 Malikkeun éditan ~2026-42866-02, diganti deui ka vérsi ahir ku 115.178.236.144 660088 wikitext text/x-wiki Astrajingga dari kata "astra" yang berarti musuh dan "jingga" yang merujuk kepada wadyabala Krisna Jati Aji, Rajadiraja Nusantara. Astrajingga = musuhnya Krisna Mo (wadyabala Krisna Jati Aji, yang mana dimensi modernnya adalah TNI, POLRI, dsb). Krisna Jati Aji adalah galur utama dari wangsa Jati, penerus Aji Jati Manikmana atau Maha Prabu Manikmaya yang berpusat di Nagrek pada tahun 500an Masehi. Jadi, sebetulnya Astrajingga alias Cepot alias Bagong alias Celeng alias Babi Hutan adalah musuhnya wadyabala Garilya-nya Krisna Jati Aji. Dan karena Sunda Jati adalah keturunan wangsa Jati, maka Cepot adalah simbologi untuk musuhnya Sunda pula. Kenapa Astrajingga (musuhnya Krisna) disimbolkan babi hutan? Karena konteks tradisional bangetnya, makanan istimewa bangsa Jawa (tribe Jawa Sunda d bagian barat Pulau Jawa maupun tribe Jawa Bagelen di bagian tengah dan timur Pulau Jawa) adalah celeng alias babi hutan alias bagong alias cepot. Point penting yang harus diperhatikan adalah bahwa ada upaya membalik sejarah sehingga Cepot adalah astrajingga (musuhnya Krisna Mo) jadi digambarkan seakan-akan balajingga. Waspada! snbhvvja1cq737vamf04fanwev4djs4 0 27023 711429 711146 2026-08-03T04:34:47Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711429 wikitext text/x-wiki Dihandap ieu nyaéta '''daptar setasiun [[radio]] di [[Indonésia]]'''. == [[Sumatera]] == === Nanggroe Acéh Darussalam === ==== Dayeuh Sabang ==== * 99.9 Mhz - Radio Pro FM ==== Dayeuh Banda Acéh jeung Kabupatén Acéh Besar ==== * 89.4 Mhz - Radio Binkara FM * 90.6 Mhz - Radio Serambi FM * 95.3 Mhz - Radio Meugah FM * 96.9 Mhz - Radio SIS FM * 98.5 Mhz - Radio Baiturrahman FM * 99.3 Mhz - Radio Toss FM * 101.2 Mhz - Radio Kontiki FM [http://www.kontikifm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304135648/http://www.kontikifm.com/ |date=2008-03-04 }} * 101.6 Mhz - Radio Antero FM [http://www.radioantero.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328101359/http://www.radioantero.com/ |date=2008-03-28 }} * 102.8 Mhz - Radio Freshone FM * 103.2 Mhz - Radio KISS FM [http://www.kissfm.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714135003/http://www.kissfm.co.id/ |date=2009-07-14 }} * 103.6 Mhz - Radio Jati FM * 104.4 Mhz - Radio Prima FM [http://www.radioprimafm.com] * 105.2 Mhz - Radio Flamboyan FM * 106.0 Mhz - [[Radio Nikoya FM]] [http://www.radioprimafm.com] * 107.8 Mhz - Radio Komunitas Seha FM * 107.8 Mhz - Radio Komunitas Meuraxa FM * 107.9 Mhz - Radio Komunitas Suara Perempuan FM ==== Kabupatén Pidie - Sigli ==== * 101.2 Mhz - Radio Askar FM ==== Dayeuh Lhokseumawe sarta Kabupatén Acéh Kalér ==== * 89.9 Mhz - RRI Pro-3 * 94.4 Mhz - RRI Pro-2 * 99.0 Mhz - RRI Pro-1 * 101.1 Mhz - Radio Vina Vira FM * 101.5 Mhz - Radio Bujang Salim FM * 102.7 Mhz - Radio Istiqomah Arun FM * 103.6 Mhz - Radio Adyemaja FM * 105.1 Mhz - Radio Surya FM ==== Kabupatén Bireuen ==== * 97.6 Mhz - Radio Wangwangan FM * 98.1 Mhz - Radio Getsu FM * 105.1 Mhz - Radio Andyta FM ==== Kabupatén Acéh Tengah - Takengon ==== * 104.0 Mhz - Radio Amanda FM ==== Kabupatén Acéh Jaya - Calang ==== * 101.0 Mhz - Radio Rapeja FM ==== Kabupatén Acéh Tenggara - Kutacané ==== * 99.0 Mhz - Radio DB 99 FM ==== Kabupatén aceh selatan - Tapaktuan ==== * 88.9 Mhz - Radio SIT FM * 101.1 Mhz - Radio Kluetezz FM * 101,5 Mhz - Radio Kutanaga FM ==== Kabupatén Acéh Kulon - Meulaboh ==== * 107.6 Mhz - Radio Komunitas Matahari FM * 101.2 Mhz - Radio Dalka FM ==== Kabupatén Acéh Wétan - Langsa ==== * 106.1 Mhz - Radio Gipsi FM ==== Kabupatén Gayo Lues ==== * 101.1 Mhz - Radio Telangke FM ==== Kabupatén Acéh Singkil - Subulussalam ==== * 104.8 Mhz - Radio Xtra FM * 104.0 Mhz - Radio Wangwangan Pesona FM ==== Kabupatén Simeulue - Sinabang ==== * Radio Smong FM 98.7 Mhz Sinabang * Radio Simeulue Voice FM 98.7 Mhz Cai Tiis === Sumatera Kulon === * [[101 Arbes FM Padang]] 101 MHZ [http://www.arbesfm.com]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [[Pronews 90 FM Padang]] 90 MHZ [http://www.pronewsfm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725010108/http://www.pronewsfm.com/ |date=2010-07-25 }} * [[Prodangdut 91.6 FM Padang]] 91.6 MHZ * [[Prosport 92.4 FM Padang]] 92.4 MHZ * [[Classy FM Padang]] 103.4 MHZ [http://www.classyfm.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615001852/http://www.classyfm.co.id/ |date=2011-06-15 }} * [[Favorit FM Padang]] 101.8 MHZ [http://www.favorit-fm.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230110554/http://www.favorit-fm.co.id/ |date=2007-12-30 }} * [[Elsifm Bukittinggi]] 103,1 MHZ [http://www.elsifm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702012244/http://www.elsifm.com/ |date=2010-07-02 }} * [[Rezafm Pasaman]] 103,5 MHZ [http://www.elsifm.com/rezafm.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415085611/http://www.elsifm.com/rezafm.php |date=2008-04-15 }} * [[SSBS FM Padang]] 94.3 Mhz * [[Radio Komunitas Gama Smanthr3 FM Padang]] 89.7 Mhz * [[BOOS FM 104.2 Padang]] 104.2 Mhz === Jambi === * [[Irma Nada]] 97.5 MHZ * [[Kalapa Indah]] 837 KHZ === Kapuloan Bangka Belitung === * [[Radio Sonora 101.1 FM]] [http://www.sonora.co.id] === Lubuklinggau === * [[Radio DKJFM 103.4 FM]] [http://www.dkjfm.web.id]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [[Radio PAPEJA 101.8 FM]] [http://www.papejafm.web.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402024335/http://www.papejafm.web.id/ |date=2008-04-02 }} * [[Radio WANGWANGAN ATLAS 101 FM]] [http://www.citrafm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603040703/http://www.citrafm.com/ |date=2008-06-03 }} === Palémbang === * Radio Trijaya FM 87.6 MHZ * RRI Pro 2 FM 88.4 Mhz * Radio Orban FM 90.0 MHZ * Radio Sentra FM 90.8 MHZ * RRI Pro 3 FM 91.6 MHZ * RRI Pro 1 FM 92.4 MHZ * Radio Sriwijaya FM 94.3 MHZ * Radio Trax FM 95.1 MHZ * Radio Eljhon FM 95.9 MHZ * Radio Musi FM 96.7 MHZ * Radio Play FM 97.5 MHZ * Radio Elita FM 98.3 MHZ * Radio SPI FM 99.1 MHZ * Radio Global FM 101.0 MHZ * Radio Smart FM 101.8 MHZ * Radio Sonora FM 102.6 MHZ [http://www.sonora.co.id] * Radio Dangdut Indonesia FM 103.0 MHZ * Radio LCBS FM 103.4 MHZ * Radio Moméa FM 104.2 MHZ * Radio Lanugraha FM 105.0 MHZ * Radio Ramona FM 105.8 MHZ * Radio Darussalam FM 106.7 MHZ === Riau === ==== Pekanbaru ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Radio Gress FM 105.8MHZ * Radio Pas FM 105MHZ * Radio Warna FM 104.2MHZ * Radio Clapita Mas FM 103.4MHZ * Radio Suara Arum Cendana FM 102.6MHZ * Radio Monaria FM 101.8MHZ * Radio CBSFM 101MHZ * Radio Racika FM 100.2MHZ * Radio Audi FM 99.9MHZ * Radio Smart Mandiri FM 99.5MHZ * Radio RRI Prog3 FM 99.1MHZ * Radio [http://www.arfm.info/ ARFM 93.5MHZ] * Radio Bharabas FM 97.5MHZ * Radio Graha FM 96.7MHZ * Radio Pondasi FM 95.9MHZ * Radio POP FM 95.6MHZ * Radio Jalur Sakti 95.1MHZ * Radio Mentari FM 94.7MHZ * Radio SF3 94.3MHZ * Radio Indra FM 98.3MHZ * Radio Persada FM 92.4MHZ * Radio Robbani FM 91.6MHZ * Radio RRI Prog1 FM 91.2MHZ * Radio IKMI FM 90.8MHZ * Radio Pluss FM 90.0MHZ * Radio RRI Prog2 FM 88.4MHZ * Radio Aditya FM 87.6MHZ {{col-css3-end}} ==== Talukkuantan ==== * Radio Narosa FM 99.3MHZ * Radio Nikita FM 106.8MHZ === Kapuloan Riau === ==== Ujung Balé (Karimun) ==== * Radio ROK FM 107.2 FM ==== Tanjungpinang (Bintan) ==== * Radio BISS FM 103.20 MHZ (Jl. Ahmad Yani) * Radio Swara Pesona Bintan (Radio Club FM) 105.3 MHZ [http://www.clubfm.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404003112/http://www.clubfm.co.id/ |date=2008-04-04 }} * Radio Galaxy 107.3 FM [http://www.galaxy-fm.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109160327/http://www.galaxy-fm.net/ |date=2007-11-09 }} ==== Tembilahan ==== * Radio Senada FM 105.2 MHZ [http://www.elshinta.com] ==== Batam ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Radio Suara Marga Semesta (Radio Sing FM) 105.5 MHZ [http://www.singfmradio.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122040754/http://www.singfmradio.com/ |date=2008-01-22 }} * Radio 87.6 FM The Younger's Station Seila Radio (PT.Lintas Sei Ladi) * Gress Radio Batam 88.0 MHZ * Radio Swara Wira Perkasa (Radio Wira FM) 91.7 MHZ * Radio Ramako Batam (Batam FM) 100.7 MHZ * Radio Discovery Minang (Radio Elshinta) 104.3 MHZ * Radio Hang FM 106.0 MHZ * Radio Kencana Ria Indah Suara (Kei FM) 102.3 MHZ * Radio Bigs 104.7 FM * Radio Era Baru (Xi wang zhi sheng)106.5 FM * Radio GFAN Bethelindo (Radio GFAN) 105.1 FM {{col-css3-end}} == '''[[Jawa]] barat''' == '''Bandung''' * Elshinta Radio Bandung - 89,3 FM * Global Radio Bandung - 89,7 - FM <br /> ==[[Jakarta]]== '''AM''' * Suara Melin Perdana,PT - 603 AM - KBR68H Jakarta [http://www.kbr68h.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019210102/http://www.kbr68h.com/ |date=2012-10-19 }} * Sekuntum Bunga Yonina,PT - 666 AM - Radio SBY Jakarta * Tona, PT - 702 AM - Batak's Radio Station - Jakarta * Gracia, PT - 720 AM Jakarta * Radio Suara As Syafi'iyah, PT: AM 792 Khz * Buana Komunika, PT - Radio Univ. Mercu Buana - 810 AM Jakarta * Puspa Dwi Cipta Swara,PT - 936 AM - P2sc Jakarta * RRI 999 AM Jakarta * Suara Multazam,PT - 1026 AM Jakarta * Siaran Pusat Cendrawasih,PT - 1062 AM Jakarta * Suara Mega Asri Indonésia,PT - 1080 AM Jakarta * Perkumpulan Mahasiswa Univ. Tarumanagara - 1098 AM Jakarta * RRI 1332 AM Jakarta * Ragesa Radio AM 1458 Khz * Hana Wangwangan Swara Jakarta,PT - 1494 AM Jakarta {{col-css3-end}} '''FM''' {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Hard Rock FM: 87.6 MHZ [http://www.hardrockfm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318205005/http://www.hardrockfm.com/ |date=2008-03-18 }} * Mustang FM: 88.0 MHZ [http://www.mustangfm.com] * GLOBAL Radio: 88.4 MHZ * RADIO MUSIC FM [https://radiomusicfm.mantep.my.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529163331/https://radiomusicfm.mantep.my.id/ |date=2024-05-29 }} * RRI Jakarta Pro 3: 88.8 MHZ [http://www.rri-online.com] * Campursari Radio: 89.2 MHZ * Publica FM: 89.6 MHZ * Elshinta: 90.0 MHZ [http://www.elshinta.com] * Cosmopolitan FM: 90.4 MHZ [http://www.cosmopolitanfm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218052241/http://www.cosmopolitanfm.com/ |date=2008-12-18 }} * Suara Gema Pemwangunan Utama (OZ Radio): 90.8 MHZ * RRI Jakarta Pro 1: 91.2 MHZ [http://www.rri-online.com] * Indika Milenia (Indika FM): 91.6 MHZ [http://www.indikafm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411211958/https://indikafm.com/ |date=2023-04-11 }} * Radio Sonora: 92.0 MHZ [http://www.sonora.co.id] * PAS FM: 92.4 MHZ [http://202.146.225.106:8000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930122422/http://202.146.225.106:8000/ |date=2007-09-30 }} * PAS FM Jakarta 92.4FM; Surabaya 104.3FM; Semarang 106FM; Solo 90.9FM [http://202.146.225.106:8000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930122422/http://202.146.225.106:8000/ |date=2007-09-30 }} * RRI Jakarta Pro 4: 92.8 MHZ [http://www.rri-online.com] * HOT FM: 93.2 MHZ * Radio X Jkt: 93.5 MHZ [http://www.radioxjakarta.wordpress.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192503/https://radioxjakarta.wordpress.com/ |date=2018-06-26 }} * MERSI FM: 93.9 MHZ * Garda Asia Bumi (Woman Radio): 94.3 MHZ * U FM (Agustina Yunior): 94.7 MHZ [http://www.u-fm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705124700/http://www.u-fm.com/ |date=2008-07-05 }} * KIS FM: 95.1 MHZ [http://www.kisfmjakarta.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051211070825/http://www.kisfmjakarta.com/ |date=2005-12-11 }} * Radio Alaikassalam Sejahtera Jakarta PT.(RAS FM): 95.5 MHZ * Smart FM: 95.9 MHZ [http://www.smartfm.com] * Radio Pelita Kasih (RPK FM): 96.3 MHZ [http://www.radiopelitakasih.com] * Swara Rhadana Dunia (HITZ FM): 96.7 MHZ * RDI: 97.1 MHZ * Female Radio: 97.9 MHZ [http://www.femaleradio.com] * Cakrawala Gita Swara (Mandarin Station): 98.3 MHZ * GEN FM: 98.7 MHZ [http://www.987genfm.com/] * Delta FM: 99.1 MHZ [http://www.deltafm.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704114403/http://deltafm.net/ |date=2008-07-04 }} * Smooth FM: 99.5 MHZ * Virgin Radio Jakarta 99.9 MHZ [http://www.virginradiojakarta.com] * Radio El-gangga: 100.3 MHZ - Bekasi * 101 Jak FM: 101.0 MHZ [http://www.radioonejakarta.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723234943/http://www.radioonejakarta.com/ |date=2008-07-23 }} * iRadio: 101.4 MHZ [http://www.traxonsky.com] * Terik Matahari Bahana Pemwangunan, PT. Radio Bahana 101.8 MHZ * Prambors FM: 102.2 MHZ [http://www.pramborsfm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509134111/http://www.pramborsfm.com/ |date=2008-05-09 }} * Camajaya Surya Nada, PT - Radio Camajaya: 102.6 MHZ Jakarta * Pop FM Jakarta: 103.0 MHZ [http://riapopfm.big.net.id/listen.pls] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928131507/http://riapopfm.big.net.id/listen.pls |date=2007-09-28 }} * Taman Mini, PT (Radio DFM): 103.4 MHZ Jakarta * Pesona Gita Anindita, PT - Brava Radio: 103.8 MHZ Jakarta * IMAX - Community Radio FM 104.0 MHZ Cijantung - Jakarta * Media Suara Trisakti,PT FM: 104.2 MHZ Jakarta * Trijaya Shakti,PT FM: 104.6 MHZ Jakarta [http://www.trijayafm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028074244/http://www.trijayafm.com/ |date=2007-10-28 }} * RRI Jakarta Pro 2 (Pro 2 FM): 105.0 MHZ [http://www.rri-online.com] * RIM FM Jakarta: 105.2 MHZ * Niaga Chakti Bhudi Bhakti, PT - CBB FM: 105.4 MHZ Jakarta * Ramako Jaya Raya, PT - MOST FM: 105.8 MHZ - Jakarta [http://www.mostfm.com] * Bens Radio:106.2 MHZ Jakarta * Pidawuh Sosok Sohor, PT - V-Radio: 106.6 MHZ Jakarta * Persada FM : 106.9 MHZ * Radio Mitra: 107.1 MHZ * Star Radio: 107.3 MHZ * Music City FM: 107.5 MHZ * Radio JJM: 107.7 MHZ * REM SSK: 107.9 MHZ {{col-css3-end}} === [[Banten]] === ==== Banten ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Héartline FM: 100.6 MHZ [http://www.heartline.co.id] * EMC Radio PT. El Mizan 93,6 FM * Sora Tunggal Angakasa Raya,PT - STAR FM: 107.3 FM - Dayeuh Tangerang, Banten * Bergaya Nyanyian Irama Sejati,PT - Bens Radio: 106.2 FM - Ciputat,Kab. Tangerang, Banten * PBS FM (Pahla Buana Sakti): 104.8 FM - Dayeuh Sérang, Banten * TOP FM: 91.8 FM - Dayeuh Cilegon, Banten * Banten FM: 95.3 FM - Dayeuh Cilegon, Banten * Harmoni FM: 98.1 FM - Dayeuh Sérang, Banten * Krakatau FM: 93.7 FM - Labuan, Banten * Radio Wangwangan Mega Swara (Megaswara FM) FM 91.4 MHZ - Sérang * Dimensi FM: 94.9 FM - Dayeuh Sérang, Banten * Pimas FM: 97.7 FM - Wewengkon Industri Sérang Wétan Cikandé * HOT Radio: 88.2 FM - Dayeuh Sérang, Banten * Radio Siaran Pemerintah Kota Cilegon: 98.8 FM - Dayeuh Cilegon, Banten * Radio Siaran Pemerintah Daerah Kabupatén Serang: 101.6 FM - Dayeuh Sérang, Banten * Radio Siaran Pemerintah Daerah Kabupatén Pandeglang: 97.3 FM - Pandéglang, Banten {{col-css3-end|2}} ==== Bekasi ==== * Gaya: 93.60 MHZ * M2 Radio: 94.00 Mhz * Radio Elgangga: FM 100.3 MHZ. * Radio Dakta: 107.00 MHZ === [[Jawa Kulon]] === ==== Sukabumi ==== * Radio Kiwari FM 95.4 MHZ * LPK Perkumpulan Pelaku Agribisnis dan Wirausaha Caraka Buana Suara - CBSNFM 107.7 * ==== Bogor ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Agri FM 107.7 Mhz [http://agrifm.blogspot.com] * Radio Siaran Pemerintah Kota Bogor FM 89.4 MHZ * Radio Kancah Irama Suara Indonesia (KISI) FM 93.4 MHZ * Radio Tegar Beriman (Pemerintah Kabupatén Cibinong) FM 95.3 MHZ * Radio Ika Lesmana FM 100.1 MHZ * Radio Wangwangan Mega Swara (Megaswara FM) FM 100.8 MHZ * Radio Swara Irama Kusuma Sena (Radio Elpas) FM 103.6 MHZ * Radio Swara Lidya Sari (Radio TABIR) FM 104.0 MHZ * RRI Bogor Pro-1 FM 106.8 MHZ * RRI Bogor Pro-3 FM 107.5 MHZ * Mitra Cerita 16, PT - Music City (MC): 107.5 FM - Cimanggis {{col-css3-end}} ==== Bandung ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * U-fm Bandung 104.3 FM [http://ufm.broadbandsimaya.com:8100/listen.pls] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930135145/http://ufm.broadbandsimaya.com:8100/listen.pls |date=2007-09-30 }} * Radio MGT 101.1 FM "Spirit Of Your Life". Jl. Buah Batu 8 Bandung 40262 [http://www.mgtradio.com/] * Delta FM 94,4 * Female Radio 96,4 * Prambors Radio Bandung 98.4 FM [http://www.pramborsfm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509134111/http://www.pramborsfm.com/ |date=2008-05-09 }} * Radio 98,8 Raka FM Jalan Sukajadi no.223 Bandung * Trijaya FM Bandung 91.3 FM * Rase FM Bandung 102.3 FM [http://www.rasefm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509193058/http://www.rasefm.com/ |date=2008-05-09 }} * Radio Paramuda Bandung 93.7 FM * Radio Ardan Bandung 105.9 FM [http://www.ardanradio.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313041301/http://www.ardanradio.com/ |date=2008-03-13 }} atawa [http://202.138.229.74:8000/ online streaming]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * KLCBS 100.4 FM [http://www.klcbs.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410222115/http://klcbs.net/ |date=2008-04-10 }} * Oz Radio Bandung 103.1 FM [http://www.ozradio.net/index.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060212160839/http://www.ozradio.net/index.php |date=2006-02-12 }} * 99ers Radio Bandung 100 FM [http://www.999.fm]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314203753/http://www.999.fm/ |date=2008-03-14 }} * Buzz FM 89.7 FM [http://www.needbuzz.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226112639/http://www.needbuzz.com/ |date=2008-02-26 }} * Maestro FM 92.5 FM * B Radio 95.6 FM * Radio Maraghita FM 106.7 * MQ FM 102.7 FM [http://www.cybermq.com/mqfm/index.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012071119/http://www.cybermq.com/mqfm/index.php |date=2006-10-12 }} * K-lite FM 107.1 FM [http://www.klitefm.net.ms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314023632/http://www.klitefm.net.ms/ |date=2008-03-14 }} * Radio Global, ''relay'' Radio Elshinta 89.3 FM * GRG Radio Bandung 100.7 FM Jl.Talun No. 81 Majalaya Bandung * Poshway 107.9 FM * Hard Rock FM Bandung 87.7 FM [http://www.hardrockfm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318205005/http://www.hardrockfm.com/ |date=2008-03-18 }} * [[I Radio Bandung]] 105.1 FM Jl. Sulanjana 15 [http://www.iradiofm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019202540/http://www.iradiofm.com/ |date=2008-10-19 }} * Pop FM Bandung 106.3 FM * Radio Zora FM 90.1 FM Jalan Sumur Bandung 12 - Bandung [http://www.zora901fm.co.id]{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * RADIO CBL FM 91,7 FM Jl. Guntur Sari Wetan * Monalisa FM 101,3 FM Jl. Sriguntung 12 Bandung * Radio Walagri 93.3 FM, Jl. Ir. H. Djuanda no. 101 Dago - Bandung * Radio SKY9050FM Jl. Diponegoro 21 - Bandung 40115 {{col-css3-end}} ==== Cimahi ==== * AR 92.9 FM ==== Cirebon ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * SHELTER 95.3 FM Cirebon's No.1 Hits Music Station [http://www.shelter953fm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608072029/http://www.shelter953fm.com/ |date=2017-06-08 }} * DBFM 90.8 MHZ The Family Station [http://www.db908fm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822154604/http://www.db908fm.com/ |date=2007-08-22 }} * Pilaradio 88.6 MHZ Cirebon * RRI Pro 2 FM 97.5 MHZ * Nuansa FM 104.2 MHZ * Gita Suara FM 99.1 MHZ * Gracia FM 95.9 MHZ * IS Radio FM 91.80 MHZ * Cirebon FM 92.85 MHZ * Prima Sonata FM * Sindang Kasih 103.6 FM Cirebon * Salma FM * Maritim FM {{col-css3-end}} ==== Indramayu ==== * KC-10 87.9 FM * TRIAN FM 102,5 MHZ. INDRAMAYU BERCANDA PANTURA ==== Karawang ==== * Radio Komunitas Majlis Ta'lim [http://nh.web.id/ NH FM 107.7 MHZ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115090632/http://nh.web.id/ |date=2008-01-15 }}, Jl. Pramuka Km. 4, Mushalla Daarunnadwah, Désa Keusik Mukti, Kec. Telagasari, Kab. Karawang, JABAR 41381 ==== Kuningan ==== * Rasuci FM * Kost FM === '''[[Jawa Tengah]]''' === ==== [[Kabupatén Brebes]] - Jateng ==== '''FM''' * Pop FM Brebes (97,2 FM) * Gemilang FM Brebes (106,5) * MS Radio Limbangan - Brebes(105,5 FM) * Top FM Bumiayu (95,1 FM)NO 1 DI BUMIAYU * RSPD Brebes- Singosari News FM Ketanggungan (90,5 FM) * RSPD Paguyangan-brebes '''AM''' * RSPD AM * Radio BSA (Berhias Suara Angkasa)<1026 Khz> ==== Kudus ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Manggala FM 100.40 Mhz * Muria AM 1440 Khz * Suara Kudus FM (RSPD) 88.00 Mhz * Pop kudus FM 93.70 Mhz * Gelora FM 107.10 Mhz * Pamira FM 93.00 Mhz * RTK FM 106.30 Mhz?? * UMK Radio FM 94.6 Mhz {{col-css3-end}} ==== Jepara ==== * R-lisa FM 89.6 Mhz ==== Kebumen (URUT FREKUWENSI AJA DI RUBAH) ==== * Ardhana FM 89,3 (DVK) * IN FM 90,5 RSPD KEBUMEN. * Bima Sakti FM 96,8 * GONG RADIO GOMBONG 97,3 MHZ ( GAWE ATI BOMBONG ) * MAS FM 101,7 RCM RADIO-NET. * Prima FM 105,3. * ==== Pati ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Pesantenan FM 95.90 Mhz * Pas FM 101.00 Mhz * Pragola FM 94.30 Mhz * Pop FM 90.80 Mhz * Boswin FM 99.90 Mhz??? * Harbos FM 102.60 Mhz * Jalesveva FM Juwana 87.60 Mhz {{col-css3-end}} ==== Purwokerto ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Dian Swara FM: 98.2 Mhz * RGM FM * RRI Pro 2 FM: 99.0 Mhz * Cipta Ngora Binangkit FM: 99.8 Mhz * Paduka Dirgantara FM: 100.6 Mhz * Swara Mitra Nusantara FM: 104.9 Mhz * Gema Mahasiswa UNSUD FM: 105.7 Mhz * Tara Valaria FM: 106.5 Mhz * RRI Pro 3 FM: 107.3 Mhz * Channel 99 Purbalinga 90.2 * Pop FM BANJARNEGARA 91 * Yasika FM 91.5 * Pop FM 91.9 * RGBS 92.3 * RRI PRO 1 93.1 * King FM 93.9 * SBS Purbalingga 94.7 * Ardi Lawt 96.4 * Dian Swara 98.2 * Prima FM 98.6 * RRI PRO 2 99 * Pop FM Banyumas 100.2 * Paduka FM 100.6 * Suara Purwokerto FM 101.4 * Crez FM 103 * Satria Ajibarang 103.9 * Mitra FM 104.9 Purwokerto * Radenmas FM Baturaden 105.3 * Metro FM 105.7 * Ria FM 106.5 * RRI PRO 3 107.3 * Prima FM Banjarnegara 97.7 {{col-css3-end}} ==== Purwodadi ==== * Pop FM: 91.5 Mhz ==== Salatiga ==== * Pesona FM: 88.40 MHZ * Swara Salatiga FM: 106.60 Mhz * Zenith FM: 97.20 MHZ * Elisa FM: 103.9 MHZ ==== Semarang ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Pas FM: 106 Mhz - * RRI Pro-1 FM: 89.0 Mhz stasiun relay di Gn. Depok Banyumas FM: 99.4 MHZ, Gn. Gantungan FM: 101.8 MHZ, Gn. Muria-colo FM:91.2 MHZ sarta AM: 801 KHZ * TOP FM: 89.4 Mhz * Trijaya FM Semarang: 89.8 Mhz * TRAX FM Semarang: 90.2 Mhz * RRI Pro-3 FM: 90.6 Mhz jaringan jakarta * Elshinta FM: 91.0 Mhz * Smart FM: 93.4 Mhz * RRI Pro-2 FM: 95.3 MHZ * Female FM: 96.1 Mhz * Suara Semarang FM: 96.9 Mhz * Pro Alma FM: 97.7 Mhz * Gaya FM: 98.5 Mhz * Merci FM: 98.9 Mhz * Radiks FM: 99.3 Mhz * RCTFM: 101.2 Mhz * IBC FM: 101.6 Mhz * Prambors FM: 102.0 Mhz * Gajahmada FM: 102.4 Mhz [http://www.gajahmadafm.co.id]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Jatayu FM: 102.8 Mhz * Kis FM: 103.2 Mhz * IMELDA: 104.4 Mhz * Suara Sakti FM: 105.2 Mhz * Rasika FM: 105.6 Mhz * Radio Dakwah Islam( DAIS ) FM: 107.9 MHZ * Borobudur * Lusiana * Kalimasada * Rhema Radio FM 88,6 MHZ [http://www.rhemaradio.com/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222200801/http://www.rhemaradio.com/main/ |date=2008-02-22 }} {{col-css3-end}} ==== Surakarta ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Karavan FM 107.3 Mhz Jl.MH.Thamrin 11 Manahan Solo [http://www.karavanfm.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119072958/http://www.karavanfm.co.id/ |date=2008-01-19 }} * PAS 90.9 FM - Radio Bisnis Solo JL.Raya Solo Anyar * Prambors Radio 99.2 MHZ [http://www.pramborsfm.com]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Solo Radio 92.9 FM (Ardan Group) * PTPN Rasitania 99.4FM * Jimbaran FM 103.9 Mhz Jl.MH Thamrin 11 Solo * SAS 104.3 FM JL.Raya Solo anyar * GSM 97.6 FM * Suara Slenk 92.5 FM * MQ 100.9 FM * Hizbullah 101.4 FM * Imanuel FM * JPI 106.3 FM * Pro1 FM * Pro2 FM * Swara Graha 92.1 * Mentari FM * Ria 98.8 FM Solo Sonora Group [http://www.sonora.co.id] * Kharisma 100.3 FM * Metta 104.7 FM * Solopos 103 FM * Suara Wening Ati MQ FM * UMS FM * Fiesta FM FISIP UNS 085647244884. Gedong 1 Lt. 2 FISIP UNS * Unisri FM * Ramakusala FM * Radio Komunitas Global Etnik STSI FM * 89.6 STAR FM * Pujangga 94.7 FM Pedan, Klaten [http://www.pramborsfm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509134111/http://www.pramborsfm.com/ |date=2008-05-09 }} * Prima 91.7 fm * Salma 103.3 fm Klaten al-mabrrur komp. RSI (0272)325804 * Candisewu 96.6 fm Klaten Jl. Bhayangkara (0272)322888 * RWK 89.9 fm Klaten Jl. Nonoman 238 (0272)321578 * IC 106.7 fm Klaten Islamic Center JL. Solo-jogja Km 4 * Pedan radio 88 fm Klaten Jl. R.warsito relay Gn.mijil {{col-css3-end}} ==== Tegal ==== * La Bamba FM (97,6 FM) Tegal * Sananta Gelora, PT (105 FM) Tegal [http://www.sananta.com/]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * DLC * Roshinta * Elshinta Tegal (99,9 FM) * Radi Raka * Paramount 106 FM ==== Magelang ==== * [[Magelang FM]] === [[Yogyakarta]] === {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Arma Sebelas/Radio Dangdut TPI FM 87.9 MHZ * Q Radio FM 88.3 MHZ * I Radio FM 88.7 MHZ * Fantasy FM 89.1 MHZ * Rasia Lima FM 89.5 MHZ [http://www.rbgroup.co.id/rasialima] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823150949/http://www.rbgroup.co.id/rasialima/ |date=2006-08-23 }} * Sasando FM 90.3 MHZ * PTDI Medari FM 90.7 MHZ * RRI Pro 1 FM 91.1 MHZ * Amega (Aristia Megaswara) FM 91.9 MHZ * MQ FM 92.3 MHZ * MBS FM 92.7 MHZ [http://www.rbgroup.co.id/mbs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060518190140/http://www.rbgroup.co.id/mbs/ |date=2006-05-18 }} * Swara Argo Sosro FM 93.2 MHZ * Rama FM 93.5 MHZ * Pratama FM 93.8 MHZ * Radio Persatuan Bantul FM 94.2 MHZ * Kotaperak FM 94.6 MHZ * Masdha FM 95.0 MHZ * Yasika FM 95.4 MHZ * Prambors FM 95.8 MHZ [http://www.pramborsfm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509134111/http://www.pramborsfm.com/ |date=2008-05-09 }} * Ista FM 96.2 MHZ * Trijaya FM 97.0 MHZ [http://www.trijayafm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028074244/http://www.trijayafm.com/ |date=2007-10-28 }} * Sonora FM 97.4 MHZ [http://www.sonora.co.id] * EMC FM 97.8 MHZ * Pop FM Yogya FM 98.2 MHZ * GCD FM 98.6 MHZ * Vedac FM 99.0 MHZ * Retjo Buntung FM 99.4 MHZ [http://www.retjobuntungfm.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060724214631/http://www.retjobuntungfm.co.id/ |date=2006-07-24 }} * Radio Anak Jogja FM 99.9 MHZ * Prima FM 100.2 MHZ * Andalan Muda FM 100.5 MHZ * Channel 5 FM 100.9 MHZ * Star FM (radio gaul-nya Jogja) FM 101.3 MHZ * Swaragama FM 101.7 MHZ [http://home.swaragama.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517214153/http://home.swaragama.com/ |date=2006-05-17 }} * Eltira FM 102.1 MHZ [http://www.eltirafm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828232839/http://www.eltirafm.com/ |date=2008-08-28 }} * RRI Pro 2 FM 102.5 MHZ * RRI Pro 3 FM 102.9 MHZ * Disaga FM 103.3 MHZ * Female Radio FM 103.7 MHZ * Ardhia FM 104.1 MHZ * Unisi FM 104.5 MHZ * Rakosa Female Radio FM 105.3 MHZ [http://www.rbgroup.co.id/rakosa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060110153044/http://rbgroup.co.id/rakosa/ |date=2006-01-10 }} * Petra FM 105.7 MHZ * [[Geronimo FM]] 106.1 MHZ [http://www.geronimo.fm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309052759/http://www.geronimo.fm/ |date=2008-03-09 }} * Uty FM 106.9 MHZ * Suara Indrakila FM 107.2 MHZ * Global FM 107.6 MHZ {{col-css3-end}} === [[Jawa Wétan]] === ==== Batu - Malang ==== * Swara Buana FM * Kencana FM - FM 98,6 MHZ * Biga FM - FM 92,5 MHZ * Pro FM - FM 107,4 MHZ * Tidar FM - FM 90,3 MHZ * Simfoni - FM 106,9 MHZ * Mensana FM - FM 102.5 MHZ * Mitra FM ([[Elshinta]]) - FM 97.0 MHZ ==== Banyuwangi ==== *. Radio Komunitas Bung Tomo Banyuwangi * Visfm 101.5 MHZ Banyuwangi [http://www.visfmradio.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116052401/http://visfmradio.com/ |date=2007-11-16 }} * Sritanjung FM 102.3 MHZ Banyuwangi * MAS FM 94.3 MHZ Banyuwangi ==== Blitar ==== *RadioDonna 101.8 FM Srengat-blitar [http://www.donnafm.co.cc] *Satria 89,7 FM Blitar radio seni sarta budaya *Mayangkara - FM 101 MHZ *Patria - FM 102.6 MHZ *Mahardika - FM 95.9 ( radio pamaréntah wewengkon dayeuh ) *Persada - FM 93.4 MHZ ( radio pamaréntah wewengkon kab ) *Istana FM 88.4 MHZ *Purnama FM 95.1 MHZ *Radio Budaya jawa FM 87.6 MHZ *radio grast 91.6 Mhz *Radio GlobalFm blitar 107,8 Mhz ==== Jember ==== * RRI Jember - AM 963 khz, FM 87.9 MHZ, FM 89.5 MHZ, FM 95.4 MHZ, 104.5 MHZ * RKPD Jember * Frenco Radio - FM 90.2 MHZ * Radio Suara Akbar - FM 94.6 MHZ * Radio Suara Kartika - FM 107.3 MHZ * Radio Prosalina FM - 101.3 MHZ [http://prosalinaradio.com/] * Radio Kirana Indah Sentra Suara (KISS FM) - FM 96.2 MHZ * [[Trijaya FM|Best FM (Trijaya Network)]] - FM 102.9 MHZ * Radio Soka Adiswara - FM 102.1 MHZ [http://www.soka-radio.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131130838/http://www.soka-radio.com/ |date=2008-01-31 }} * Radio Warta Mutiara - FM 99.10 MHZ * Radio Boss FM - FM 93.7 MHZ * Ratu FM - FM 92.85 MHZ * M.I. FM - FM 92.5 MHZ ==== Malang ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * RRI Malang - AM 891 khz, FM 94.6 MHZ, FM 99.4 MHZ, FM 105.3 MHZ * Radio Kalimaya Bhaskara - FM 102.1 MHZ * Radio Tritara Yaksa - AM 828 khz * Radio Kutilang - AM 1188 khz * Radio Wangwangan Protiga - FM 87.9 MHZ * Radio Makobu FM - FM 88.7 MHZ [http://www.makobu.com/] * RCB FM - FM 89.5 MHZ * Radio Tidar Sakti - FM 90.3 MHZ * Radio Andalus - FM 91.1 MHZ * Radio Senaputra - FM 92.1 MHZ * Bhiga FM - FM 92.5 MHZ * Radio Elfara - FM 93.0 MHZ * AWEUHAN FM - FM 93.5 MHZ * Radio DJFM - FM 93.8 MHZ * Radio Kosmonita - FM 95.4 MHZ * Pionir FM - FM 96.2 MHZ * Radio Solagracia - FM 97.2 MHZ * Radio KDS8 - FM 97.8 MHZ * Radio Kencana FM - FM 98.6 MHZ * Radio Duta FM - FM 99.15 MHZ * UM FM - FM 99.9 MHZ * FM Voice Brawijaya One - FM 100.5 MHZ * Radio Malang Kucecwara - FM 101.3 MHZ * Radio Gita FM - FM 102.9 MHZ * Puspita FM - FM 103.7 MHZ * Mitra Adiswara FM - FM 104.5 MHZ [http://www.radiomasfm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225172306/http://radiomasfm.com/ |date=2008-02-25 }} * Tritara FM - FM 106.1 MHZ * Kanjuruhan FM - FM 106.5 MHZ * Sejahtera FM - FM 107.9 MHZ {{col-css3-end}} ==== Ngawi ==== * Radio Srikandi FM 107,7 Mhz * Radio Gema Suara Kebonagung (GSK FM) 89,6 Mhz ==== Ponorogo ==== * Radio Gema Surya News, Music & Culture * Radio Duta Nusantara * Romansa FM * GONG FM * Gress FM * AVIDA FM * Radio MADU Fm Ponorogo FM 107.70 Mhz * [[Smezho FM]] [http://www.smezhofm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019031602/http://www.smezhofm.com/ |date=2007-10-19 }} * Suara Gontor FM * Radio Suara Bumimas FM 103.7 MHZ ==== Surabaya ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * RRI Surabaya - AM 585 khz, FM 95.2 MHZ, FM 99.2 MHZ, FM 106.3 MHZ [http://www.rrisurabaya.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129082215/http://www.rrisurabaya.com/ |date=2007-01-29 }} * RKPD Kodya Surabaya - AM 1350 khz * JT-FM (Radio Pamaréntah Propinsi Jawa Wétan) - FM 98.9 MHZ * Radio Pendidikan JAwa Timur - AM 1503 khz, 107.5 MHZ * RKIP - AM 1449 khz * Radio Susana FM - FM 91.3 MHZ * Pas FM - FM 104.3 Mhz - Radio Bisnis Surabaya [http://www.pasfm.co.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102055628/http://www.pasfm.co.id/ |date=2007-11-02 }} * EBS FM - FM 105.9 Mhz [http://www.ebsfm.com/] * Suara Surabaya - FM 100.00 Mhz [http://www.suarasurabaya.net] * Sonora Surabaya FM - FM 98,0 Mhz [http://www.sonorasurabaya.co.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223144617/http://www.sonorasurabaya.co.id/ |date=2008-02-23 }} * SCFM [[Trijaya FM|Trijaya Surabaya]] - FM 104.70 MHZ * [[Elshinta|Radio Elshinta]] - FM 97.6 MHZ * Prambors FM 89.3 [http://www.pramborsfm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509134111/http://www.pramborsfm.com/ |date=2008-05-09 }} * Kota FM - FM 88.1 MHZ [http://www.kotafm.co.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707093014/http://www.kotafm.co.id/ |date=2007-07-07 }} * [[DJFM 94.8]] - FM 94.80 Mhz [http://www.djfm.co.id] * Bungin FM - FM 96.80 Mhz [http://www.deltafm.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704114403/http://deltafm.net/ |date=2008-07-04 }} * Kosmonita - FM 92.50 Mhz [http://www.kosmonitafm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704191810/http://www.kosmonitafm.com/ |date=2007-07-04 }} * Global FM - FM 90.90 Mhz [http://www.globalfm.co.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302203222/http://www.globalfm.co.id/ |date=2008-03-02 }} * Wijaya FM - FM 103.30 Mhz [http://www.wijayafm.co.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808163841/http://www.wijayafm.co.id/ |date=2007-08-08 }} * Hard Rock FM - FM 89.70 Mhz [http://www.hardrockfm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318205005/http://www.hardrockfm.com/ |date=2008-03-18 }} * [[Mercury 96 FM]] - FM 96.00 Mhz [http://www.mercuryfm.co.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107003736/http://www.mercuryfm.co.id/ |date=2017-01-07 }} * Metro FM - FM 88.5 MHZ [http://www.metrofm.co.id/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608185621/http://www.metrofm.co.id/ |date=2007-06-08 }} * Istara FM - FM 101.1 MHZ [http://www.istarafm.com/] * JJ FM - FM 105.1 MHZ [http://www.jjfmradio.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703022604/http://www.jjfmradio.com/ |date=2007-07-03 }} * Smart FM - FM 88.9 MHZ [http://www.smartfm.com/] * Colors FM - FM 87.7 MHZ [http://www.colorsfm.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220033038/http://www.colorsfm.com/ |date=2013-12-20 }} {{col-css3-end}} ==== Trenggalek ==== * [http://www.madufm.multiply.com/ Radio MADU FM BASISIR PRIGI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209215838/http://madufm.multiply.com/ |date=2009-02-09 }} FM 96.20 MHZ [http://www.radiomadufm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121001137/http://www.radiomadufm.com/ |date=2008-11-21 }} * Radio MADU FM Trenggalek FM 100.4 MHZ [http://www.madufm.multiply.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209215838/http://madufm.multiply.com/ |date=2009-02-09 }} * Graha Musik Gaul FM / Granada FM 97.4 MHZ * Radio GEMA PERDIKAN FM Trenggalek 101,5 MHZ (http://www.radioperdikanfm.com{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) ==== Tulungagung ==== * [http://www.RADIOMADUFM.com/ Radio Komunitas Pesantren MADU FM Campurdarat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121001137/http://www.radiomadufm.com/ |date=2008-11-21 }} - FM 107.70 MHZ [http://www.radiomadufm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121001137/http://www.radiomadufm.com/ |date=2008-11-21 }} * [http://www.RADIOMADUFM.com/ Radio Komunitas Petani MADU FM Tangunggunung] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121001137/http://www.radiomadufm.com/ |date=2008-11-21 }} - FM 107.70 MHZ [http://madufmgunung.multiply.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091114151008/http://madufmgunung.multiply.com/ |date=2009-11-14 }} * Liiur FM - FM 90.9 MHZ [http://www.liiur.com/station/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204210014/http://www.liiur.com/station/ |date=2008-02-04 }} * Radio Jos FM Tulungagung * Radio Perkasa FM * Radio jaya FM Tulungagung * Radio RKS Tulungagung * Radio Guyub Rukun Freq 106.70 MHZ == [[Bali]] sarta [[Nusa Tenggara]] == === Bali === {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Rock FM 88.2 MHZ * R* Hardrock FM: 87.8 MHZ [http://www.hardrockfm.com]{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Rupa-rupa Rama (AR), FM 104.4 MHZ * Bali Perkasa (Balisa), FM 101.6 MHZ * Bali SWIB (Swara Widdya Besakih), AM 702 MHZ * Batur (Raba), AM 954 MHZ * Barong, AM 1188 MHZ * Besakih Rasisonia, AM 702 MHZ * Cakra Swara Perkasa (CSP), AM 1044 MHZ * Cassanova, FM 102 MHZ * Wangwangan Dharma Balisatya (CDBS), FM 94.5 MHZ * Duta, FM 92.6 MHZ * Elkoga, FM 96.9 MHZ * FBI, FM 91.8 MHZ * Gema Merdeka, FM 98.1 MHZ * Genta Bali, FM 96.1 MHZ * Global FM Bali, FM 99.15 MHZ * Guntur, FM 97.7 MHZ * Phoenix, FM 91 MHZ {{col-css3-end}} === Nusa Tenggara Kulon === * RRI Mataram - AM 855 khz, FM 89.2 MHZ, FM 91.4 MHZ, FM 93.5 MHZ, FM 96.3 MHZ, FM 104.2 MHZ * Radio Suara KotaMataram - FM 105.0 MHZ * Radio Riper FM - FM 97.5 MHZ [http://www.ripergroup.com/riper-profile.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927090915/http://www.ripergroup.com/riper-profile.php |date=2007-09-27 }} * Radio Sutra - FM 91.6 MHZ [http://www.ripergroup.com/sutra-profile.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927090927/http://www.ripergroup.com/sutra-profile.php |date=2007-09-27 }} * Radio Rasesa Sumbawa - FM 98.8 MHZ [http://www.ripergroup.com/rasesa-profile.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927090921/http://www.ripergroup.com/rasesa-profile.php |date=2007-09-27 }} == [[Kalimantan]] == === Banjarmasin === * Radio Smartfm 101.1 FM === Balikpapan === * SBI 102,1 Mhz * Gemaya 104.5 FM [http://www.gemayafm.web.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229061603/http://www.gemayafm.web.id/ |date=2007-12-29 }} * Smartfm 97.8 Mhz * Swara Media 101.3 * RSPD 99,9 FM * AMA FM 105,3 FM * Radio Sangkakala Bornéo 91,1 MHZ FM * phalma 94,6 MHZ [http://www.phalmafm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930011148/http://www.phalmafm.com/ |date=2007-09-30 }} * Rock Radio 88.7 FM [http://www.friendster.com/rockradio] === Berau === * RSPD Berau 99,3 [http://www.rspdberau.mcommunity.biz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404183313/http://www.rspdberau.mcommunity.biz/ |date=2008-04-04 }} === Bontang === * Radio Nuansa 97,2 fm === Martapura === * Radio M 107.1 FM [http://www.radiommartapura.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127132840/http://www.radiommartapura.com/ |date=2007-11-27 }} === Palangka Raya === * Radio Kalaweit 99.1 FM [http://www.kalaweitfm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801184607/http://kalaweitfm.com/ |date=2015-08-01 }} * Radio OZON 105.8 FM [http://www.ozonfm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026061223/http://www.ozonfm.com/ |date=2007-10-26 }} === Pontianak === {{col-css3-begin|2}} * RRI Pontianak * Radio Swara Prima 99,5 FM * Trijaya FM Pontianak: 97.5 FM * RRI Pro 2 FM * RRI Pro 3 FM * Radio Sonora 96,7 FM [http://www.sonora.co.id] * Radio Volare [http://www.volarefm.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430001753/http://www.volarefm.com/ |date=2008-04-30 }} * Radio Mitra Mahardika * Prokom (Pro Komunikasi), Radio Komunitas {{col-css3-end}} ==== Luar Pontianak ==== {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Suara Sambas (104 Fm) * Vinka 88.50 FM (Kabupatén Ketapang) * Renita 103.5 FM (Kabupatén Ketapang) * Suara Melawi 93.5 FM (Kabupatén Melawi) {{col-css3-end}} === Samarinda === * Radio Dino 90.9 FM [http://dino909fm.blogspot.com/2007/08/radio-dino-909-fm-samarinda.html] * Radio One Way 95.2 FM * Radio Bornéo 96.0 FM [http://borneofm.anakborneo.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404212249/http://borneofm.anakborneo.com/ |date=2008-04-04 }}[http://profiles.friendster.com/36306818] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406034914/http://profiles.friendster.com/36306818 |date=2010-04-06 }} * Radio Héartline 98.4 FM [http://www.yaski.co.id/radio.asp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930121534/http://www.yaski.co.id/radio.asp |date=2007-09-30 }} * Radio Suara Mahakam 101.1 FM * Radio Metro Mulawarman 101.9 FM * Radio Mitra 102.7 FM * Radio Paras 103.5 FM * Radio Gembira Raya 104.3 FM * Radio Gema Nirwana 105.1 FM === Sampit === * Radio Pesona 100,3 FM == [[Sulawesi]] == * Radio Komunitas * Radio Pendidikan dan Lingkungan Hidup 107,90 MHZ === Gorontalo === *Selebes 101 fm. *SK FM. *Nada 90,8fm. *BPKB Radio 94.7 FM === Kendari === * RRI Kendari - FM 90.8 MHZ, FM 96.7 MHZ, AM 954 khz === Makassar === * RRI Makassar - FM 94.4 MHZ, FM 96.8 MHZ * Savana FM Makassar - FM 106.5 MHZ === Manado === * RRI Manado - FM 94.5 MHZ, FM 97.7 MHZ, FM 104.4 MHZ === Palu === * RRI Palu - FM 90.8 MHZ, FM 105.0 MHZ = Radio komunitas = == Riau == == Tanjungpinang == * Radio Edukasi LPMP Riau 107.7 MHZ == Wewengkon Husus Ibukota Jakarta == === Jakarta Wétan === * FORSIWAK (Forum Radio Silaturahmi Warga Kalisari) - Kalisari 13790 * Pasbit FM 98.1 - JL. Raya Bogor KM. 26 Pekayon * Kaktus FM 98.7 - Kalapa Dua Wétan, Ciracas * RCB (Radio Wangwangan Betawi) FM 98.9 - Pekayon13790, * Power FM 104.0 - Cijantung 13770 * Damar Jaya FM 104.4 - Kalapa Dua Wétan, Ciracas * Hertz Radio FM 107.4 - Jalan Pemuda, Rawamangun * AKA Radio FM 108.0 - Cijantung 13770 * N3d Radio FM 88.6 - Kalapa Dua Wétan, Ciracas * Sky FM 88.2 - Ciracas * RKP(Radio komunitas PKP) 1077 FM - Kalapa Dua Wetan, Ciracas * Agri FM 107.7 Mhz [http://agrifm.blogspot.com] === Bandung === * Radio Komunitas Majalaya Sejahtera RAKOMAJASERA FM 107.70 MHZ === Pontianak === * Radio RAMA (Suara Masyarakat Adat) 107,9 FM, * Mazmur 21 / Psalm 21 (Komunitas Yordan), 107,7 FM === Luar Pontianak === * Bambai, Sejiram (Kabupatén Kapuas Hulu) * Bujakng Pabaras, Hayu Gundaleng (Kabupatén Landak) * Dermaga Ria Persada, Sekadau (Kabupatén Sekadau) AM 936 * Gari Bindang, Manismata (Kabupatén Ketapang) * Gema Solidaritas, Ketapang (Kabupatén Ketapang) * Gempita, Sungai Pinyuh (Kabupatén Pontianak) * Manjing Tarah, Ujung (Kabupatén Ketapang) * Menara, Bengkayang (Kabupatén Pontianak) * Pamela, Ngabang (Kabupatén Landak) * Patanyakng, Balai Semandang (Kabupatén Ketapang) * Sunia Nawangi, Tunang (Kabupatén Landak) * Swara Buluh Perindu, Bodok (Kabupatén Sanggau) * Swara Melawi, Nanga Pinoh (Kabupatén Melawi) == Jawa Wétan == Blitar Radio Global Fm Blitar 107.8 Mhz == Tulungagung == * [http://www.radiomadufm.com/ Radio Komunitas Pesantren MADU FM Campurdarat Tulungagung Freq 107.70 Mhz ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121001137/http://www.radiomadufm.com/ |date=2008-11-21 }} * [http://madufmgunung.multiply.com/Radio Komunitas Petani dan Nelayan Madu Fm Tanggunggunung Freq 107.80 Mhz ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801082902/http://madufmgunung.multiply.com/Radio |date=2013-08-01 }} * Radio Komunitas Pesantren Madu FM Bendil jati Timur Sumbergempol Freq 107.9 Mhz == Jombang == * Radio Komunitas Suara Warga Jombang == Ponorogo == * Radio Komunitas Madu Fm Ponorogo Freq 107.7 MHZ == Trenggalek == * Radio Gema Perdikan FM Durenan Trenggalek * Radio Komunitas Madu Fm Pantai prigi Trenggalek Freq 96.20 MHZ * Radio Komunitas Madu FM Trenggalek Freq 100,4 MHZ * Radio Komonitas RBS FM panggul Freq 107,30 mhz # Radio Komonitas Bintangsurya freg 107,30 mhz [[Kategori:Radio]] 3polzrzkcykbiyhheovz4fmpz9v64a3 0 27773 711432 707535 2026-08-03T08:12:33Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{calendars}}'''Kalénder panonpoé Thai''', '''Suriyakati''' ([[Basa Thai]]: สุริยคติ), mangrupa [[kalénder]] resmi tur ilahar di [[Thailand]] ti saprak dipaké ku Raja [[Chulalongkorn]] taun [[1888]], sok sanajan ari keur bisnis jeung perbankan mah kadang-kadang maké kalénder ti Kulon ogé. [[Image:August2004rs.png|left|thumb|August 2004/2547BE]][[Image:Thai August 2004 0.png|right|thumb|Label]]Kalénder Thai nunjukkeun '''Jaman Buda''' ('''Buddhist Era, BE''', {{lang-th|พุทธศักราช}} ''Phuttasakarat''), nu disingget ''Pho So'' ({{lang-th|พ.ศ.}}); tur [[Common Era|Christian Era]] ({{lang-th|คริสต์ศักราช}}, ''kritsakarat'') , nu disingget ''Kho So'' ({{lang-th|ค.ศ.}}). Kalénder ieu ogé nuduhkeun panomeran Cina keur Common éra jeung [[kalémder Cina|tanggalan Bulan Cina]]. Alatan tanggal bulan nangtukeun [[Uposatha|Buddhist Sabbath]] ({{lang-th|วันพระ}} ''Wan Phra''), kawas lolobana [[Festival#Chinese Traditional Festivals|festival tradisional Cina]], boh [[kalénder bulan Thai|kalénder bulan]] atawa tanggal [[kalénder Cina|bulan Cina]] ditunjukkeun oge.[[Image:August2004 15-16.jpg|right|thumb| Poé peré Thai (kénca) jeung Cina (katuhu).]] {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} *''Wan Pra'' ditandaan maké gambar Buda, sedengkeun poé peré Cina ditandaan ku [[karakter Cina]] kelir beureum. *Scrawled blue figures (in this example ''078'' on the 15th and, above left, ''538'' on the 19th and ''2576'' on the 31st) mark dates national lottery numbers were drawn. *Lunar dates and the yéar's [[Chinese astrology#The twelve animals|Animal]] are recorded on Thai birth certificates after the official date. The Thai reckon their ages by the Twelve-Animal sequence, though the official calendar determines age at law; as, for instance, the [[Sirikit|Queen's]] Birthday, [[August 12]], a public holiday also celebrated as Thai Mothers' Day. The months and days of the week are the same as those used in the western [[Gregorian calendar]]. Names of the [[month]]s derive from [[Zodiac#Hindu astrology and the Zodiac|Hindu names]] of the signs of the zodiac. [[Days of the week]] are named after the Sun and Moon, and translations of the names of the [[Naked-eye planet|five classical planets]]. The yéar is counted from the [[Buddhist calendar|Buddhist Era (B.E.)]], which is 543 yéars éarlier than the Christian éra ([[Common Era|A.D.]]). For example, A.D. 2007 is equivalent to 2550 B.E. The éra is based on the passing away (Parinibbana) of [[Gautama Buddha]], which is dated to 543 BC by the Thai (although some sources state that Buddha died in 483 BC). It is important to remember that only from [[January 1]], [[1941]] onwards does this 543 addition/subtraction rule work perfectly — see below. The calendar, decreed by King [[Chulalongkorn]] (Rama V), was called ''Ratana Kosindra Sok'' ({{lang-th|รัตนโกสินทรศก}}), and was néarly identical with the western [[Gregorian calendar]]. Yéar counting, however, was in reference of the date of the founding of [[Bangkok]] (Ratana Kosindra), [[April 6]] [[1782]] (the first day of Yéar 1 Ratana Kosindra éra ({{lang-th|รัตนโกสินทร์ศักราช}}), abbr. ({{lang-th|ร.ศ.}}) ro so). King [[Vajiravudh]] (Rama VI) changed the yéar counting to [[Buddhist calendar|Buddhist Era]] in 1912 and fixed the start of a yéar to [[April 1]]. In 1941 (2484 B.E.) as [[World War II]] loomed on the horizon, [[Prime Minister]] [[Luang Phibunsongkhram|Plaek Phibunsongkhram]] per decree made [[January 1]] the official start of a new yéar (so yéar 2483 B.E. had only nine months). When converting a date prior to that yéar, check whether it falls between [[January 1]] and [[March 31]]: if so the number to add or subtract is 542, not 543. [[Image:Ad Be.png|center|This chart shows changed Thai new year day in 2484 BE comparing with AD.]] Today, both the [[Common Era]] [[New Year's Day]] ([[January 1]]) and the traditional [[Thai New Year|''Songkran'']] ({{lang-th|สงกรานต์}}) celebrations ([[April 13]]-[[April 15]]) are public holidays on the official calendar. Public holidays on the official calendar for Buddhist and Chinese [[Festival|feasts]], including [[Chinese New Year]], are still calculated according to the lunar calendar, so their dates change with respect to the solar calendar every yéar. Thirty-day-month names end with {{lang-th|-อายน}} -ayon, which is from the Sanskrit root -āyana, méaning ''the arrival of''; 31-day-month names with {{lang-th|-อาคม}} -akhom, which is from Sanskrit -''āgama'' which also méans ''the arrival of''. February's name ends with {{lang-th|-พันธ์}} -''phan'', from Sanskrit ''bandha'' ''fettered'' or ''bound''. The day added to February in a solar [[leap year]] is called ''Athikasuratin'' {{lang-th|อธิกสุรทิน}}; respelled to aid pronunciation {{lang-th|อะทิกะสุระทิน}}.[http://www.thai2english.com/dictionary/27807.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928191520/http://www.thai2english.com/dictionary/27807.html |date=2007-09-28 }} ==Sasaruaan== ===Bulan=== {|class="wikitable" |- |+''Bulan'' !Basa Inggris !! Basa Thai !!Singgetan!! Transkripsi !! Basa Sangsakerta !! [[Zodiak]] Tanda |- |[[Januari]] || มกราคม ||ม.ค.|| makarakhom || makara "monster sagara" || [[Capricorn (astrologi)|Capricorn]] |- |[[Pebruari]] || กุมภาพันธ์ ||ก.พ.|| kumphaphan || kumbha "pot kembang" || [[Aquarius (astrologi)|Aquarius]] |- |[[Maret]] || มีนาคม ||มี.ค.|| minakhom || mīna "(sabangsaning) lauk" || [[Pisces (astrologi)|Pisces]] |- |[[April]] || เมษายน ||เม.ย.|| mesayon || meṣa "domba" || [[Aries (astrologi)|Aries]] |- |[[Méi]] || พฤษภาคม ||พ.ค.|| pruetsaphakhom || vṛṣabha "sapi" || [[Taurus (astrologi)|Taurus]] |- |[[Juni]] || มิถุนายน ||มี.ย.|| mithunayon || mithuna "sapasang" || [[Gemini (astrologi)|Gemini]] |- |[[Juli]] || กรกฎาคม ||ก.ค.|| karakadakhom || karkaṭa "keuyeup" || [[Cancer (astrologi)|Cancer]] |- |[[Agustus]] || สิงหาคม ||ส.ค.|| singhakhom || siṃha "singa" || [[Leo (astrologi)|Leo]] |- |[[Séptémber]] || กันยายน ||ก.ย.||kanyayon || kanyā "wanoja" || [[Virgo (astrologi)|Virgo]] |- |[[Oktober]] || ตุลาคม ||ต.ค.|| tulakhom || tulā "timbangan" || [[Libra (astrologi)|Libra]] |- |[[Nopémber]] || พฤศจิกายน ||พ.ย.|| pruetsachikayon || vṛścika "kala" || [[Scorpio (astrologi)|Scorpio]] |- |[[Désémber]] || ธันวาคม ||ธ.ค.|| thanwakhom || dhanu "gondéwa" || [[Sagittarius (astrologi)|Sagittarius]] |} ===Poé dina saminggu=== {|class="wikitable" |+''Poé dina saminggu'' ! Basa Sunda !! Basa Tailan !! Transkripsi !! [[Basa Sangsakerta]] !! Planét |- | [[Minggu]] || bgcolor="red"|วันอาทิตย์ || wan athit || [[Surya|Aditya]] || [[Panonpoé]] |- | [[Senén]] || bgcolor="yellow"|วันจันทร์ || wan chan|| [[Chandra]] || [[Bulan]] |- | [[Salasa]] || bgcolor="#ffccff"|วันอังคาร || wan angkhan || [[Mangala|Angaraka]] || [[Mars (planet)|Mars]] |- | [[Rebo]] || bgcolor="#7fff7f"|วันพุธ || wan phut || [[Budha]] || [[Merkurius (planet)|Merkurius]] |- | [[Kemis]] || bgcolor="#ff9900"|วันพฤหัสบดี || wan pharuehat(sabodi) || [[Bṛhaspati|Brihaspati]] || [[Yupiter (planet)|Yupiter]] |- | [[Jumaah]] || bgcolor="#33ccff"|วันศุกร์ || wan suk || [[Shukra]] || [[Venus (planet)|Venus]] |- | [[Saptu]] || bgcolor="#993399"|<font color="white">วันเสาร์</font> || wan sao || [[Shani]] || [[Saturnus (planet)|Saturnus]] |} Catetan: Kelir mangrupa kelir poé lahir tradisional nu patali jeung [[poé dina saminggu]]: [[beureum]], [[konéng]], [[pink]], [[green]], [[orange (colour)|orange]], [[blue]] and [[purple]]. ==Tempo ogé== * [[Kalénder Buda]] * [[Poé peré publik di Thailand]] ==Rujukan== * นายเปลื้อง ณ นคร ผู้รวบรวม ปทานุกรมนักเรียน ไทยวัฒนาพานิช กทม. Mr. Bleung na Nakorn, Compiler, Student's Handbook, Thai Wattana Panit, Bangkok 2514 * Thai calendar for August 2004 * Sethaputra, So. ''New Model English - Thai Dictionary'', ISBN 974-08-3253-9 * [http://www.thai2english.com/ Web dictionary Thai-English English-Thai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418190546/http://www.thai2english.com/ |date=2010-04-18 }} * J.C. éade. ''The calendrical systems of mainland south-east Asia''. ISBN 90-04-10437-2 ==Tumbu luar== * [http://www.ecarddesignanimation.com/home/free_calendar_thai.php Thai calendar every year] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705054106/http://ecarddesignanimation.com/home/free_calendar_thai.php |date=2008-07-05 }} * [http://dspace.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/41890/3/thai_time.html Thai Time by Anthony Diller] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325134509/https://dspace.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/41890/3/thai_time.html |date=2015-03-25 }} [[Kategori:Kalénder husus]] [[Kategori:Budaya Thai]] sci8e6nmpotr1ppdsdlv4bap4swfmg0 0 35152 711428 705423 2026-08-03T03:32:06Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Banjir.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Caah di [[Jakarta]]]] '''Caah''' nyaéta kajadian kakeueumna daratan (anu biasana garing) alatan lobana [[cai]] anu ngaronjat.<ref name="sumber1">{{cite web |url=http://www.g-excess.com/499/pengetahuan-penyebab-banjir/ |title=Pengetahuan Penyebab Banjir |work=G-Excess.com |date=2011 |access-date=2011-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119041007/http://www.g-excess.com/499/pengetahuan-penyebab-banjir/ |archive-date=2011-11-19 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128093534/http://www.g-excess.com/499/pengetahuan-penyebab-banjir/ |date=2011-11-28 }}</ref> Caah bisa lumangsung alatan mudalna [[cai]] anu kaleuleuwihan di hiji tempat alatan [[hujan]] gedé, mudalna [[cai]] [[walungan]], atawa mudalna [[situ]] atawa [[waduk]].<ref name="sumber1"/><ref name="Lut">{{cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=uTKyDgAAQBAJ |title=Kamus Genggam Bahasa Sunda |last=Luthfiyani |first=Lulu |publisher=Frasa Lingua |location=Yogyakarta |year=2017 |isbn=9786026475275 |pages=17 |access-date=2023-01-14 }}</ref> Di wewengkon anu gersang, taneuhna miboga daya serapan [[cai]] anu goréng, atawa jumlah curah [[hujan]] ngaleuwihan pangabisa [[taneuh]] pikeun nyerepan [[cai]]. <ref name="sumber1"/> Sabot hujan turun, anu sakapeung lumangsung nyaéta caah ujug-ujug anu dibalukarkeun kaeusina saluran cai anu garing ku cai. <ref name="sumber1"/> Caah sarupaning ieu disebut [[caah rongkah]].<ref name="sumber1"/> Aya dua faktor parobahan naha caah lumangsung nyaéta # parobahan lingkungan di mana di jerona aya parobahan [[iklim]], parobahan [[geomorfologi]], parobahan géologi sarta parobahan tata rohang. <ref name="sumber2">{{id}}Hj.Patimah,spk. Ensiklopedi Sunda : Alam, Manusia dan Budaya termasuk Budaya Cirebonan dan Betawi. PT Dunia Pustaka Jaya. Jakarta 2000. </ref> # parobahan ti masarakat éta sorangan.<ref name="sumber2"/> [[Hujan]] mangrupa faktor utama cukang lantaran caah. <ref name="sumber2"/> Parobahan [[iklim]] ngabalukarkeun pola [[hujan]] robah di mana ayeuna [[hujan]] anu lumangsung miboga waktu anu pondok tapi sering. <ref name="sumber2"/> Alatan kaayaan ieu saluran-saluran [[cai]] anu aya henteu sanggup deui nandéan rosana aliran permukaan sarta [[taneuh]]-[[taneuh]] gancang ngalaman ''penjenuhan'' .<ref name="sumber2"/> ==Rujukan== {{reflist}} {{pondok}} [[kategori:bencana alam]] iljm2mn14dh07yesbx552vyp1niasli 0 37651 711431 709396 2026-08-03T08:07:01Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{otheruses}} {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = {{aut|Senatus PopulusQue Romanus ([[SPQR]])}}<br /><small>"Sénat jeung Rahayat Roma" </small>{{#tag:ref|Since classical and modern concepts of state do not coincide, other possibilities include ''Res publica Romana'', ''Imperium Romanum'' or ''Romanorum'' (also in Greek: {{Polytonic|Βασιλείᾱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων – ''Basileíā tôn Rhōmaíōn''}} – ["Dominion (Literally 'kingdom') of the Romans"]) and ''Romania''. ''Res publica'', as a term denoting the Roman "commonwealth" in general, can refer to both the Republican and the Imperial era, while ''Imperium Romanum'' (or, sometimes, ''Romanorum'') is used to refer to the territorial extent of Roman authority. ''Populus Romanus'', "the Roman people", is often used for the Roman state dealing with other nations. The term ''Romania'', initially a colloquial term for the empire's territory as well as the collectivity of its inhabitants, appears in Greek and Latin sources from the fourth century onward and was eventually carried over to the [[Byzantine Empire]]. (See Wolff, R.L. "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople". In: ''Speculum'', 23 (1948), pp. 1–34 (pp. 2–3).)|group=nb}} |conventional_long_name = Kakaisaran Romawi |common_name = Kakaisaran Romawi |national_motto = |era = Kuna klasik |status = '''Kakaisaran''' |continent = Afroeurasia |region = Méditérania |government_type = [[Otokrasi]] |p1 = Républik Romawi |flag_p1 = Spqrstone.jpg |s1 = Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon |flag_s1 = Labarum.svg |s2 = Kakaisaran Bizantium |flag_s2 = Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century, square.svg |event_start = [[Augustus|Octavia]] nyatakeun [[Augustus (gelar)|Augustus]] |year_start = 27 SM |event_end = Turunna Kaisar Kulon [[Romulus Augustus]]/[[Labuhna Konstantinopel]] * |year_end = 476/1453 M |event_pre = [[Patempuran Actium]] |date_pre = 2 Séptémber 31 SM |event1 = [[Diocletian]] misahkeun adminstrasi kakaisaran antawsi Wétan jeung Kulon |date_event1 = 285 |event2 = [[Konstiantin I|Konstantin nu Ageung]] ngadegkeun [[Konstantinopel]] salaku ibu kota kakaisaran nu anyar |date_event2 = 330 |event3 = Pupusna [[Theodosius nu Ageung]], diteraskeun ku dibagina kakaisaran kana wétan jeung kulon |date_event3 = 395 |event_post = |date_post = |image_coat = Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg |symbol_type = [[Vexillum]] kalawan [[Aquila (Romawi)|aquila]] sarta inisial kanagaraan Romawi |coa_size = 120px |image_map = RomanEmpireTrajan117AD.png |image_map_caption = Kakawasaan maksimum Kakaisaran Romawi dina 117 M.<ref>Bennett, J. ''Trajan: Optimus Princeps''. 1997. Fig. 1</ref> |capital = <small>[[Roma]] nyaéta ibu kota pulitis nepi ka 286&nbsp;M<br />Aya sababaraha puseur pulitis nalika [[Katétraan]] samentawis Roma tetep jadi ibu kota nominal, budaya, jeung idéologis.<br />[[Konstantin I|Konstantin]] ngadegkeun sarta ngawangun ulang kota [[Konstantinopel]] salaku ibu kota kakaisaran nu anyar dina 330.<ref name="Constantine I 306 - 337 AD">[http://www.roman-emperors.org/conniei.htm Konstantin&nbsp;I (306–337 M)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929190410/http://www.roman-emperors.org/conniei.htm |date=2017-09-29 }} ku Hans A. Pohlsander. De Imperatoribus Romanis. Written 2004-1-8. Retrieved 2007-3-20.</ref><br />[[Mediolanum]] (Milan) mangrupa batur gawéna nalika babagian Wétan/Kulon ningkat remenna. Pangadilan kakaisaran kulon teras dipindahkeun ka [[Ravenna]]. |common_languages = [[Latin]], [[Basa Yunani Kuna|Yunani]] |[[Agama di Romawi kuna|religion]] = [[Agama di Romawi kuna|agama Romawi tradisional]], [[panyembahan kakaisaran (Romawi kuna)|Panyembahan kakaisaran]], [[Agama Yunani|Kapercayaan Yunani]]<small> (nepi ka 380)</small><br />Kristen<small><br />(ti 380) |currency = (a) 27 SM – 212 M: 1 emas ''[[aureus]]'' (1/40 lb. emas, dirobah ka 1/50 lb. dina 212) = 25 pérak ''[[denarii]]'' = 100 perunggu ''[[sesterces]]'' = 400 tambaga ''[[As (koin Romawi)|asses]]''.<br /> (b) 294–312: 1 emas ''[[solidus (koin)|aureus solidus]]'' (1/60 lb. emas) = 10 pérak ''[[argenteus|argentei]]'' = 40 perunggu ''[[folles]]'' = 1.000 logam nu diturunkeun ''denarii''<br />(c) 312 ka hareup: 1 emas ''[[solidus (koin)|solidus]]'' (1/72 lb.) = 24 pérak ''[[siliqua]]e'' = 180 perunggu ''folles'' |leader1 = [[Augustus]] |leader2 = [[Theodosius I]] |leader3 = [[Romulus Augustus]] / [[Konstantin&nbsp;XI]] |year_leader1 = 27 SM – 14 M |year_leader2 = 378–395 |year_leader3 = 475–476 / 1449–1453 |title_leader = [[Kaisar Romawi|Kaisar]] |title_representative = [[Konsul Romawi|Konsul]] |representative1 = |representative2 = |year_representative1 = |year_representative2 = |legislature = [[Sénat Kakaisaran Romawi|Sénat Romawi]] ||stat_year1 = 25 SM<ref name=size>{{cite journal|journal=Social Science History |title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600&nbsp;B.C. to 600&nbsp;A.D. |first=Rein |last=Taagepera |volume=3 |issue=3/4 |year=1979 |page=125 |doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959|publisher=Duke University Press |authorlink=Rein Taagepera}}</ref><ref>John D. Durand, ''Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation'', 1977, pp. 253–296.</ref> |stat_area1 = 2750000 |stat_year2 = 50<ref name=size/> |stat_pop1 = 56800000 |stat_area2 = 4200000 |stat_year3 = 117<ref name=size/> |stat_area3 = 6500000 |stat_pop3 = 88000000 |stat_year4 = 390 <ref name=size/> |stat_area4 = 4400000 |footnotes = * Kajadia-kajadian ieu nandaan ahirna [[Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon]] (286–476)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/507739/Roman-Empire|title=Roman Empire – Britannica Online Encyclopedia|publisher=www.britannica.com|accessdate=2008-07-09}}</ref> jeung [[Kakisaran Bizantium|Kakaisaran Romawi Wétan]] (330–1453). |today = Tingali artikel }} '''Kakaisaran Romawi''' ({{lang-la|Imperium Romanum}}) nyaéta jaman pasca-[[Républik Romawi|Républik]] ti [[Romawi Kuna|peradaban Romawi kuna]], dicirian ku wangun pamaréntahan [[otokrasi]] sarta kakawasaan wewengkon nu lega di Éropa jeung sadeukeuteun Méditérania.<ref>"Roman Empire", Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008</ref> Dina ahir abad ka-3 Maséhi, [[Diocletian]] ngadegkeun sarta mraktékkeun babagian kakawasaan antawis 4 kaisar (kawanoh salaku [[katétraan]]) sangkan leuwih alus ngamankeun wewengkonna nu lega, ngahirkeun [[Krisis Abad KAtilu]]. Nalika dékade sanggeusna, Kakaisaran remen dibagi kana poros Wétan/Kulon. Sanggeus pupusna [[Theodosius&nbsp;I]] dina 395, kakaisaran dibagi pikeun nu pangahirna.<ref>Chester G. Starr, ''A History of the Ancient World, Second Edition.'' Oxford University Press, 1974. pp. 670–678.</ref> [[Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon]] ngahir dina 476 basa [[Romulus Augustulus|Romulus Augustus]] dipaksa turn tahta pikeun raja perang [[urang Jérmanik|Jérmanik]], [[Odoacer]].<ref>Isaac Asimov. ''Asimov's Chronology of the World.'' Harper Collins, 1989. p. 110.</ref> Romawi Wétan atanapi [[Kakaisaran Bizantium]] ngahir dina 1453 nalika pupusna [[Konstantin XI Palaiologos|Konstantin&nbsp;XI]] sarta [[labuhna Konstantinopel]] ka [[Mehmed II]], pamingpin [[Turki Ottoman]].<ref>Asimov, p. 198.</ref> == Kiwari == Wewengkon Kakaisaran Romawi ayeuna mangrupa bagian ti nagara: {{col|3}} * {{flag|Albania}} * {{flag|Aljazair}} * {{flag|Andorra}} * {{flag|Arab Saudi}} * {{flag|Arménia}} * {{flag|Austria}} * {{flag|Azerbaijan}} * {{flag|Bélgia}} * {{flag|Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina}} * {{flag|Britania Raya}} * {{flag|Bulgaria}} * {{flag|Géorgia}} * {{flag|Hungaria}} * {{flag|Iran}} * {{flag|Irak}} * {{flag|Israél}} * {{flag|Italia}} * {{flag|Jérman}} * {{flag|Kosovo}}{{ref label|status|a|}} * {{flag|Kroasia}} * {{flag|Kuwait}} * {{flag|Libanon}} * {{flag|Liechtenstéin}} * {{flag|Libya}} * {{flag|Luksemburg}} * {{flag|Makédonia}} * {{flag|Malta}} * {{flag|Maroko}} * {{flag|Mesir}} * {{flag|Moldova}} * {{flag|Monako}} * {{flag|Monténégro}} * {{flag|Otoritas Paléstina|name=Wewengkon Paléstina}} * {{flag|Perancis}} * {{flag|Portugal}} * {{flag|Romania}} * {{flag|Rusia}} * {{flag|San Marino}} * {{flag|Sérbia}} * {{flag|Siprus}} * {{flag|Slovénia}} * {{flag|Spanyol}} * {{flag|Suis}} * {{flag|Suriah}} * {{flag|Tunisia}} * {{flag|Turki}} * {{flag|Ukraina}} * {{flag|Kota Vatikan}} * {{flag|Walanda}} * {{flag|Yordania}} * {{flag|Yunani}} </div> == Catean jeung rujukan == <references group="nb"/> {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book|author=Frank Frost Abbott|year=1901|title=A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions|publisher=Elibron Classics|isbn=0-543-92749-0|authorlink=Frank Frost Abbott}} * [[John Bagnell Bury]], ''A History of the Roman Empire from its Foundation to the death of Marcus Aurelius'', 1913, ISBN 978-1-4367-3416-5 * [[Winston Churchill]], ''A History of the English-Speaking Peoples'', Cassell, 1998, ISBN 0-304-34912-7 * [[J. A. Crook]], ''Law and Life of Rome, 90 BC–AD 212'', 1967, ISBN 0-8014-9273-4 * [[Donald R. Dudley]], ''The Civilization of Rome'', 2nd ed., 1985, ISBN 0-452-01016-0 * [[Arther Ferrill]], ''The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation'', [[Thames and Hudson]], 1988, ISBN 0-500-27495-9 * {{cite book |last=Freeman |first=Charles |title=The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World |publisher=Penguin |location=New York |year=1999 |isbn=0-670-88515-0}} * [[Edward Gibbon]], ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'', 1776–1789 * [[Adrian Goldsworthy|Goldsworthy, Adrian]]. ''The Punic Wars'', Cassell & Co, 2000, ISBN 0-304-35284-5 * Goldsworthy, Adrian. ''In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire'', Weidenfield and Nicholson, 2003, ISBN 0-297-84666-3 * Goldsworthy, Adrian. ''The Complete Roman Army'', [[Thames and Hudson]], 2003, ISBN 0-500-05124-0 * [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]], ''The History of Rome'', [[Faber and Faber]], 1993, ISBN 0-571-11461-X * [[Benjamin Isaac]], "The Limits of Empire: the Roman Army in the East" [[Oxford University Press]], 1992, ISBN 0-19-814926-3 * [[Andrew Lintott]], ''Imperium Romanum: Politics and administration'', 1993, ISBN 0-415-09375-9 * [[Edward Luttwak]], ''The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire'', [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], ISBN 0-8018-2158-4 * {{cite journal | first=T. R. | last=Reid | title=The World According to Rome | journal=National Geographic | volume=192 | issue=2 | pages=54–83 | year=1997 | url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211153712/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ |date=2007-12-11 }} * [[Antonio Santosuosso]], ''Storming the Heavens: Soldiers, Emperors and Civilians in the Roman Empire'', Westview Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8133-3523-X {{Refend}} <div class="references-small"> </div> == Tumbu kaluar == {{Sister project links}} * Adena, L. [http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/How+the+Jesus+Cult+Captured+the+Roman+State The 'Jesus Cult' and the Roman State in the Third Century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104073248/http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/How+the+Jesus+Cult+Captured+the+Roman+State |date=2015-01-04 }}, Clio History Journal, 2008. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100708232311/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i11rv1ezJ_9hlqSjJfzxr1A5wryQ Roman battlefield unearthed deep inside Germany] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/romans BBC Romans for Children] * [http://classicsunveiled.com/romeh/ Classics Unveiled] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305213059/http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romeh/ |date=2012-03-05 }} * [http://www.euratlas.com/history_europe/europe_map_0100.html Complete map of the Roman Empire in year 100] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519172508/http://www.euratlas.com/history_europe/europe_map_0100.html |date=2010-05-19 }} * [http://roman-empire.info/ Detailed history of the Roman Empire] * [http://tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/rome.htm Historical Atlas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801171701/http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/rome.htm |date=2015-08-01 }} (Swedish) * [http://romancoins.info/ Roman Numismatic Gallery ] * [http://resourcesforhistory.com/ The Celts and Romans] * [http://roman-empire.net/ The Roman Empire] * [http://pbs.org/empires/romans/index.html The Roman Empire in the First Century] from PBS * [http://www.unrv.com/ UNRV Roman History] * [http://www.knowtheromans.co.uk The Romans] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415030316/http://knowtheromans.co.uk/ |date=2012-04-15 }} {{Ancient Rome topics|state=autocollapse}} {{Roman history by territory}} {{Territories with limited Roman Empire occupation & presence}} {{Ancient Greek and Roman Wars|state=autocollapse}} {{Empires}} {{Former monarchies Italian peninsula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Romawi}} [[Kategori:Nu bubar taun 476]] [[Kategori:Nu bubar taun 1453]] [[Kategori:Urut nagara di Samenanjung Italia]] [[Kategori:Kakaisaran Romawi| ]] [[Kategori:Nagara Romawi]] [[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 27 SM]] {{sajarah-stub}} [[cs:Starověký Řím#Císařství]] 4otnpbffm8z4fqq19l18ftnlldhvkp7 3 40222 711419 711397 2026-08-02T14:32:21Z Pathoschild 1182 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 711419 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__<div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Revi logo (pink).png|thumb|center|<span style="color:red">PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE MESSAGE HERE!</span>]] '''<span style="color:red"> BEFORE YOU BLOCK MY ACCOUNT: IF MY EDIT SUMMARY INCLUDE PREFIX </span>''(Script)''<span style="color:red">, DON'T BLOCK ME, JUST TELL ME TO SLOW DOWN AT COMMONS' TALK PAGE. 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Messages left on this page may be reverted or moved without any response.</div> 5b8qtz4dnjnrhc9ts3mku14m3gujbq8 0 50133 711434 651016 2026-08-03T09:31:33Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kerala fisherman.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Kecrik keur dialungkeun (tebar) [[Kerala]], [[India]]]] '''Kecrik''', disebut ogé '''heurap''' nyaéta hiji pakakas anu dipaké pikeun ngala [[lauk]] jeung [[sato]] [[cai]] séjéna di jero cai.<ref name=“Jonathan”>{{Cite book | title =A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java| first =Jonathan| last = Rigg| publisher =De l'imprimerie royale| location =Universitas Harvard1862|ISBN=9789790062160|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=1PIUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA213&dq=KEHKEL&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj7qpOVitnTAhWBO48KHXrzCD8Q6AEIQDAD#v=onepage&q=KEHKEL&f=false|accessdate=29 Nopémber 2019}}</ref> <ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=bqZYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA144&dq=harupat&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjChriyla3PAhWFq48KHRHiAvU4ChDoAQgnMAM#v=onepage&q=harupat&f=false Heurap]</ref> Tungtung kecrik sakurilingna dipasang pangbeubeurat tina [[timah]] anu diuntuy silih tumbu kawas [[ranté]] sangkan kecrik gancang teuleum kadasar [[cai]] tur ngarungkup [[lauk]] anu aya sahandapeuna.<ref name=“Rigg”/><ref>http://www.mangyono.com/2014/11/heurap-jaring-lempar-alat-penangkap-ikan-tradisional.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408050719/http://www.mangyono.com/2014/11/heurap-jaring-lempar-alat-penangkap-ikan-tradisional.html |date=2016-04-08 }}</ref> Supaya buleud jeung nyebar, Kecrik dialungkeun maké cara anu geus ditangtukeun. Lauk anu karungkup ku kecrik teu kaburu kabur tur hésé kaluar ku lantaran kecrik ngerelep kalawan gancang kadasar cai, mangsana kecrik dipulut ka luar lalaunan tina jero [[cai]] lauk anu karungkup tadi nyarangsang dina seuweu kecrik beulah handap deuket [[timah]] pang beubeuratna.<ref name=“Rigg”>{{Cite book | title =A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java| first = Jonathan| last =Rigg| publisher =Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen| location =Universitas Harvard| year =1862|ISBN=,-}}</ref> Utamana kecrik dipaké pikeun ngala lauk anu hésé diuseupan lantaran teu beuki eupan biasana diwahangan, [[balong]], [[situ]], aya ogé sisi [[basisir]], ieu kecrik mangrupa hiji pakakas anu kawilang kolot tur geus lila dipaké dina mangsa rébuan [[taun]] katukang.<ref>* Agustus, Roland [1970] (1994). '' Kekejaman dan Peradaban: The Roman Games ''. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10452-1.</ref> == Ukuran jeung katangtuan== Kecrik dijieun tina bahan [[kenur]] atawa benang [[nilon]] sangkan leuwih kuat. Beurat [[timah]] anu ngabeungbeuratan kurang leuwih aya kana [[tilu]] kilona, ditempatkeun sakuriling tungtung kecrik.<ref name=“Rigg”/> ku lantaran ieu kecrik gampang pisang ngerelep ka cai teu méré lolongkrang lauk jeung sato séjéna pikeun lumpat atawa kabur. Ngalungkeun atawa ngarungkupkeun kecrik aya dua katangtuan supaya hasilna mekar jeung ngarungkup sasaran anu geus ditangtukeun. Katangtuan Kahiji cara pendék nyaéta ngalungkeun kecrik pikeun jarak anu deukeut kurang leuwih tilu méter ka hareup, ku jalan satengah kecrik diéntépkeun dina puhu [[leungeun]] kénca sawatara éta leungeun [[katuhu]] ngaranggeum éntépan kecrik anu séjéna saenggeus tarapti, maké awahan saeutik/ngahamang tuluy alungkeun éta kecrik kana sasaran.<ref name=“Rigg”/> Katangtuan kadua pikeun ngalungkeun kecrik ngarah rada jauh jeung ukuran kecrik leuwih badag tur beurat.<ref name=“Rigg”/> ku jalan ngentepkeun sawaréh kecrik dina luhureun siku kénca, sawaréhna disangkeh ku leungeun katuhu.<ref name=“Rigg”/> saenggeus tarapti maké awahan saeutik/ngahamang tuluy alungkeun éta kecrik kana sasaran.<ref name=“Rigg”/> ==Rupa-rupa Kecrik== Kecrik anu kawilang gedé disebut kecrik eder, kecrik tembang, kecrik jui, urang [[Sulawesi]] nyebutna jala agung jeung jala juang.<ref name=“Rigg”/> ku alatan ukuranna anu kawilang gedé pisan dina prakna dipaké henteu bisa langsung kudua leungeun, tapi maké pakakas séjén pikeun ngamekarkeunna, disebut kecrik eder ku lantaran dina prakna dipaké kudu di mekarkeun heula saméméh diragragkeun dina tempat anu dituju. Disebut kecrik tembang alatan ieu dipaké pikeun nyerek lauk anu sok hiber/jui (''Clupea fimbriata'').<ref name=“Rigg”/> <gallery> File:BarradaLagoa canal fishersman.png|Kecrik keur ditebar File:A fisherman casting a net.jpg|Ngala lauk ku kecrik. File:Lac S%C3%A9lingu%C3%A92.jpg|Pamayang keur ngala lauk. File:Normal Atos-7-059.jpg|Kecrik ditebar tina luhureun parahu File:Tank fishing near Unnichai, Batticaloa.JPG|Warga [[Sri Lanka]] Keur ngecrik. </gallery> ==Tempo ogé== * [[Sirib]] * [[Sair]] * [[Ayakan]] * [[Bubu]] * [[Posong]] ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist|2}} ==Dicutat tina== * Burnley, Eric B (2006) [http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=LDnsP7XnLM0C&pg=PA63&dq=%22cast+net%22&ei=qXyySJWbDpPgsQP4-qVJ&sig=ACfU3U3UIpDX-U1A8r9__JgFLJG2h-4VRQ#PPA64,M1 ''Surf Fishing the Atlantic Coast'''] Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3283-3 * Dunbar, Jeffery A (2001) [http://www.nccoastalfishing.com/index.htm?casting.htm~main ''Casting net''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227141419/http://www.nccoastalfishing.com/index.htm?casting.htm~main |date=2021-02-27 }} NC Coastal fishing. Retrieved 25 August 2008. * Atos Giovanelli, [http://www.rezzaglio.net/ ''The art of throw a cast net''] ==Tutumbu Kaluar== *[http://www.mangyono.com/2014/11/heurap-jaring-lempar-alat-penangkap-ikan-tradisional.html Pakakas ngala Lauk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408050719/http://www.mangyono.com/2014/11/heurap-jaring-lempar-alat-penangkap-ikan-tradisional.html |date=2016-04-08 }} *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zklNrCh_KMo&feature=related Nebarkeun kecrik] YouTube. *[http://informasidanteknolodiperikanan.blogspot.com/2011/04/jala-lempar.html Ngecrik] {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Pakakas]] j3k76o3lslo71u84wxd9jx4ujtmg13f 0 54456 711424 710969 2026-08-03T02:13:08Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox motorsport championship | name = Balap motor Grand Prix | logo = Moto Gp logo.svg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Logo resmi MotoGP | category = [[Balap motor]] | region = [[Internasional]] | inaugural2 = [[1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season|1949]] | section1 = {{Infobox motorsport championship|child=yes | name = Kajuaraan Dunya MotoGP | constructors = [[Aprilia]], [[Ducati]], [[Honda]], [[KTM]], [[Suzuki]], [[Yamaha]] | tyres = [[Michelin]] | champion rider = 2016 {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Marc Márquez]] | constructor = [[Honda Racing Corporation|Honda]] | current_season = Balap motor Grand Prix usum 2017 }} | section2 = {{Infobox motorsport championship|child=yes | name = Kajuaraan Dunya Moto2 | constructors = [[Kalex]], [[Suter Racing Technology|Suter]], [[Speed Up]], [[Tech 3]], [[KTM]] | tyres = [[Dunlop tyres|Dunlop]] | champion rider = 2016 {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Johann Zarco]] | constructor = [[Kalex]] | current_season = 2017 Moto2 season }} | section3 = {{Infobox motorsport championship|child=yes | name = Kajuaraan Dunya Moto3 | constructors = [[KTM]], [[Mahindra & Mahindra Limited|Mahindra]], [[Honda]], [[Peugeot Motorcycles|Peugeot]] | tyres = [[Dunlop tyres|Dunlop]] | champion rider = 2016 {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Brad Binder]] | constructor = [[KTM]] | current_season = 2017 Moto3 season }} | website = {{URL|http://www.motogp.com}} }} [[File:MotoGP final race.jpg|thumb|Balap motor Grand Prix]] '''Kajuaraan dunya balap motor Grand Prix''' mimiti diayakeun ku ''[[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme]] ''(FIM) taun 1949.<ref name="sajarah"/> Harita sacara tradisional geus dilaksanakeun sababaraha balapan di masing-masing acara pikeun sagala rupa kelas motor, dumasar kapasitas mesin, sarta kelas pikeun ''sidecars'' (motor gandéngan nu ditapelkeun digigir).<ref name="sajarah"/> Kelas-kelas nu aya harita nyaéta 50 cc, 125 cc, 250 cc, 350 cc, sarta 500 cc pikeun motor nu ditumpakan ku sorangan, sarta 350 cc jeung 500 cc pikeun motor ''sidecars''.<ref name="sajarah"/> Taun 1950-an sarta sapanjang taun 1960-an, motor mesin 4 Tak pinunjul di sakuliah kelas.<ref name="sajarah"/> Dina panungtungan taun 1960-an, motor mesin 2 mimiti pinunjul di kelas-kelas leutik.<ref name="sajarah"/> Dina taun 1970-an motor mesin 2 Tak bener-bener nyingkahkeun mesin-mesin 4 Tak.<ref name="sajarah"/> Dina taun 1979, [[Honda Racing Corporation|Honda]] ngusahakeun mesin 4 Tak di kelas utama kalayan nurunkeun motor NR500, tapi proyék ieu gagal, sarta dina taun 1983 [[Honda Racing Corporation|Honda]] ngahontal kameunangan kalayan motor 500 cc 2 Tak.<ref name="sajarah"/> Dina taun 1983, kelas 350 cc pamustunganna dieureunkeun.<ref name="sajarah"/> Kelas 50 cc diganti ku kelas 80 cc dina taun 1984, antukna kelas nu mindeng didominasi ku purah balap ti [[Spanyol]] jeung [[Italia]] dieureunkeun taun 1990.<ref name="sajarah"/> Kelas ''sidecars'' ogé dieureunkeun tina kajuaraan dunya taun 1990-an, nu aya tinggal kelas 125 cc, 250 cc, sarta kelas 500 cc.<ref name="sajarah">{{cite news |title=Sejarah MotoGP |publisher=racemotogp.com |url=http://racemotogp.com/paddock/sejarah-motogp/ |accessdate=22 Juni 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718220727/http://racemotogp.com/paddock/sejarah-motogp/ |date=2017-07-18 }}</ref> ==Pedaran== Motor Grand Prix nyaéta mesin balap nu dijieun husus sarta teu dijual pikeun dibeuli ku masyarakat umum sarta teu meunang dipaké di jalan umum.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Ieu béda kalayan sababaraha kategori balap dumasar produksi, saperti [[Superbike World Championship|Superbike]] sarta [[Isle of Man TT Races]] nu ngaluarkeun motor vérsi modifikasi nu dijual atawa sadia pikeun umum.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Kiwari kajuaraan dibagi kana tilu kelas : MotoGP, Moto2 sarta Moto3.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Sakabéh kelas ngagunakeun mesin 4 Tak.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Taun 2010 kelas 250cc diganti ku kelas Moto2 600&nbsp;cc mesin 4 tak.<ref name="GradPrix"/> taun 2012 kelas 125cc diganti ku kelas Moto3 250cc mesin 4 tak kalayan wates beurat 65&nbsp;kg kalayan béngsin, sarta kapasitas mesin pikeun MotoGP dironjatkeun tina 800&nbsp;cc ka 1.000&nbsp;cc.<ref name="GradPrix">{{cite news|title=MotoGP|publisher=sportcentral.es|url=http://sportcentral.es/motogp|accessdate=22 Juni 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031023302/http://sportcentral.es/motogp/ |date=2016-10-31 }}</ref> Kajuaraan dunya balap motor Grand Prix [[FIM]] mimiti diorganisir ku ''[[''Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme''|Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme]]'' taun 1949.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Hak komérsial kiwari dipibanda ku [[Dorna Sports]], kalayan [[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme|FIM]] minangka badan sanksi olahraga.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Tim-tim diwakilan ku ''International Road Racing Teams Association'' (IRTA) sarta produsén ku ''Motorcycle Sport Manufacturers Association'' (MSMA).<ref name="GradPrix"/> Aturan sarta parobahan tetekon diputuskeun antara opat éntitas, kalayan [[Dorna Sports|Dorna]] ngalakukeun ngumpulkeun sora sacara ''[[tie-breaking]]''.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Dina kasus modifikasi téknis, MSMA wenang sacara sapihak ngalakukeun atawa ngavéto parobahan kalayan sora buleud di antara para anggotanna.<ref name="organization">{{cite news |last=Noyes |first=Dennis |title=MOTOGP: Dorna CEO Advocates Limits on Electronics in MotoGP |publisher=SPEEDTV.com |date=2007-12-21 |url=http://moto-racing.speedtv.com/article/motogp_dorna_ceo_advocates_limits_on_electronics_in_motogp/P2/ |accessdate=2008-03-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506131015/http://moto-racing.speedtv.com/article/motogp_dorna_ceo_advocates_limits_on_electronics_in_motogp/P2/ |archivedate=2008-05-06 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506131015/http://moto-racing.speedtv.com/article/motogp_dorna_ceo_advocates_limits_on_electronics_in_motogp/P2/ |date=2008-05-06 }}</ref> Kaopat éntitas ieu ngawangun Komisi Grand Prix.<ref name="GradPrix"/> [[File:2006YamahaYZR-M1-001.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Motor Yamaha YZR-M1 MotoGP (2006)]] Balap motor Grand Prix kelas utama geus robah sacara dramatis dina sababraha taun panungtung.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Ti tengah-tengan taun 1970 nepi ka taun 2001, kelas utama balap motor Grand Prix ngarobah mesin 500 cc kalayan maksimal opat séher, teu paduli naha mesin éta [[two-stroke cycle|2-Tak]] atawa [[four-stroke cycle|4- Tak]].<ref name="GradPrix"/> Dina taun 2002, parobahan tetekon diwanohkeun.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Aturan kasebut ngidinan produsén milih antara mesin 2-Tak 500 cc atawa mesin 4-Tak ti 990 cc.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Pabrikan ogé diidinan pikeun ngagunakeun pilihan [[engine configuration|konfigurasi mesin]] maranéhna.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Sanajan waragad ngaronjat badag dina ngawangun mesin 4-Tak, lantaran kaleuwihan kapasitas 490cc.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Mesin 4-Tak bisa gancang pinunjul ti saingan 2-Tak.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Akibatna, taun 2003 euweuh mesin 2-Tak dina balapan MotoGP.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Kelas 125 cc jeung 250 cc masih maké mesin 2-Tak.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Dina taun 2007, kelas MotoGP kapasitas mesin maksimum dikurangan jadi 800 cc salila minimal lima taun.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Pikeun usum 2012 kapasitasna geus ngaronjat deu jadi 1.000 cc.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/motorbikes/8409225.stm|title=MotoGP increases engine size to 1,000&nbsp;cc in 2012|date=10 January 2010|publisher=''[[BBC Sport]]''}}</ref> [[File:Motogp-kal.png|thumb|Usum MotoGP nu has]] Kalender balap taun 2008 ngawengku 18 rintakan di 15 nagara nu béda (Qatar, Spanyol nu ngayakeun tilu rintakan, Portugal, China, Prancis, Itali, Britania Raya, Walanda, Jérman, Amérika dua rintakan, Républik Céko, San Marino, Jepang, Australia sarta Malaysia).<ref name="GradPrix"/> Eksklusif pikeun kelas MotoGP, aya ogé rintakan Amérika di [[Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca]] di [[Monterey, California]], pikeun kelas 800&nbsp;cc wungkul; ku sabab ''paddock'' teu cukup gedé pikeun dua kelas lianna.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Dina taun 2008, MotoGP diayakeun di [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]] nu munggaran dina jalur nu anyar disiapkeun.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Katilu kelas kasebut dijadwalkeun balap tapi angin tarik sarta hujan antukna kelas 250 cc teu jadi balap.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Balapan MotoGP di Indianapolis ngalawan arah jarum jam, kalayan "''snake pit''" kompléks ngaliwatan garis ''start-finish'' saancan ka péngkolan hiji jalur pondok sarta asup bagéan tengah sirkuit.<ref name="GradPrix"/> ''Grid'' ngawengku tilu kolom (Opat pikeun kelas 125&nbsp;cc sarta kelas 250&nbsp;cc) sarta bisa asup sakitar 20 urang purah balap.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Posisi ''grid'' diputuskeun dina urutan kualifikasi kacepatan, kalayan nu panggancangna di posisi [[Pole position|pole]] atwa posisi kahiji.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Balapan lumangsung kira-kira 45 menit, setiap balapan mangrupa pagancang-gancang ti awal nepi ka ahir tanpa ngadu bahan beuleum atawa gilinding.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Taun 2005, tetekon bandéra pikeun MotoGP diwanohkeun.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Saméméhna, lamun mimiti balapan garing terus turun hujan, patugas ngébérkeun bandéra beurem (balapan eureun) sarta diteruskeun atawa dibalikan deui maké gilinding husus baseuh.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Ayeuna, nalika hujan turun, bandera bodas dikébérkeun, nandakeun yén purah balap bisa asup ''pit'' pikeun ngaganti motor nu béda gilindingna <ref>{{cite news |title=Barros Dominates Rain-Hit Contest in Portugal |publisher=world.honda.com|date=17 April 2005|url=http://world.honda.com/WGP/2005/02portugal/race/|accessdate=23 Juni 2017}}</ref> Sagédkngeun béda gilinding, motor cuaca baseuh mibanda rém rotor waja sarta ''[[brake pads]]'' nu béda tibatan rém karbon sarta pedal nu digunakeun dina motor 'garing'.<ref name="GradPrix"/> ku sabab rém karbon kudu kaayan panas supaya pungsina hadé, sedengkeun cai ngalantarankeun tiis.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Suspénsi ogé 'ngahipuan' rada naék ku sabab cuaca baseuh.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Nalika purah balap kacilakaan, patugas sirkuit ngébérkeun bandéra konéng, ngalarang ngaliwat ka daérah éta; bandéra konéng dikébérkeun.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Mun purah balap nu cilaka teu bisa diévakuasi kalayan salamet ti lintasan, balapan ditandaan kalayan bandéra beureum.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Aya dua jenis kacilakaan balap motor : [[lowsider|lowside]], kalayan purah balap awalna nuturkeun motorna (labuh bareng jeung motor), sarta nu leuwih bahaya [[highsider|highside]], kalayan purah balap nu ngacleng tina motor.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Ngaronjatkeun ngagunakeun [[traction control system|kontrol traksi]] ngurangan kacilakaan ''highside''.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Hiji motor tingkat pangluhurna pikeun purah balap kira-kira méakeun waragad 3 nepi 3,5 juta dollar pikeun hiji usum balap.<ref>[http://www.sportbikes.net/forums/general-sportbikes/434433-idiots-guide-motogp-part-ii.html ''THE IDIOT’S GUIDE TO MOTOGP: How to increase costs and decrease speed (Part II)''] sportbikes.net Moto GP News 3 January 2006.</ref> Minangka alatan [[Global financial crisis of 2008–2009|krisi finansial 2008–2009]], MotoGP geus ngalaman parobahan dina usaha ngurangan waragad.<ref name="GradPrix"/> Di antarana ngurangan sési latihan poé Juma'ah, ngalarang suspénsi aktif, kontrol sarta rém karamik komposit, manjangkeun umur mesin, sarta ngurangan sési pangujian.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIM announce changes to 2009 regulations |publisher=MotoGP.com |date=2009-02-18 |url=http://www.motogp.com/en/news/2009/FIM+announce+changes+to+2009+regulations+0 |accessdate=23 Juni 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908150013/http://www.motogp.com/en/news/2009/FIM+announce+changes+to+2009+regulations+0 |date=2012-09-08 }}</ref> ==Purah balap== Purah balap nguriling dunya pikeun balapan dina séri Kajuaraan Dunya FIM taunan.<ref name = "purahbalap"/>   Kajuaraan ieu loba pamilonna ti [[Italia]] jeung [[Spanyol]], loba purah balap nu pinunjul ti nagara ieu di awal abad ka-21.<ref name = "purahbalap"/> Pikeun usum balapan taun 2011, 25 purah balap ti delapan nagara milu balap di kajuaraan kelas utama.<ref name = "purahbalap">{{cite web|title=MotoGP World Championships Upcoming Events of 2017|url=http://vipsuperbiker.com/motogp-world-championships-upcoming-events-of-2017/|publisher=vipsuperbiker.com|accessdate=26 Juni 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===Juara=== Hadiah Kajuaraan Dunya dibikeun ka purah balap paling suksés dina hiji usum, saperti nu ditangtukeun ku sistim peunteun dumasar hasil Grand Prix.<ref name = "juara"/> Juara Dunya satiap kategori wajib pikeun milu upacara resmi FIM.<ref name = "juara">{{cite web|title=MotoGP Reglement 2016|url=http://www.motorsport-total.com/motorrad/MotoGP-Reglement-2016.pdf|publisher=motorsport-total.com|accessdate=28 Juni 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Giacomo Agostini]] nyaéta juara paling suksés dina sajarah Grand Prix, kalayan 15 gelar (8 di kelas 500&nbsp;cc sarta 7 di kelas 350&nbsp;cc).<ref name = "Agostini">{{cite web|title=Giacomo Agostini|url=http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/Giacomo+Agostini|publisher=motogp.com|accessdate=28 Juni 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316213403/http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/Giacomo+Agostini |date=2015-03-16 }}</ref> [[Michael Doohan|Mick Doohan]], nu meunang 12 tina 15 (80%) balapan 500&nbsp;cc di [[1997 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season|Usum Balap motor Grand Prix 1997]] ogé pantes diajénan.<ref name = "Doohan">{{cite web|title=Mick Doohan|url=http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/Mick+Doohan|publisher=motogp.com|accessdate=28 Juni 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025022347/http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/Mick+Doohan |date=2012-10-25 }}</ref> [[Valentino Rossi]] mangrupa purah balap kontémporér nu paling suksés, geus meunang salapan gelar kaasup genep gelar Moto GP, di kelas 500&nbsp;cc, 250&nbsp;cc jeung 125&nbsp;cc.<ref>{{cite web|last=MotoGP|title=Valentino Rossi|url=http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/Valentino+Rossi|work=MotoGP Rider Profiles|publisher=Dorna Sports S.L.|accessdate=28 Juni 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501074112/http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/Valentino+Rossi |date=2013-05-01 }}</ref> Juara purah balap ayeuna ([[2016 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season|2016]]) nyaéta [[Marc Márquez]].<ref name = "Marquez">{{cite web|title=Marc Marquez|url=http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/Marc+Marquez|publisher=motogp.com|accessdate=28 Juni 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504014159/http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/Marc+Marquez |date=2012-05-04 }}</ref> ==Sirkuit MotoGP== [[File:MotoGP world map.png|thumb|300px|Peta MotoGP. Nagara-nagara nu ditandaan kalayan kelir héjo jadi tuan rumah grand prix panungtung, maranéhna nu beureum geus jadi tuan rumah MotoGP mangsa kaliwat.]] Usum balap [[Balap motor Grand Prix usum 2017|MotoGP 2017]] ngawengku 18 balapan di sirkuit di 15 nagara nu béda ([[Spanyol]] opat kali rintakan ngayakeun balapan).<ref name=prov2015>{{cite news|title=2015 provisional MotoGP™ calendar announced|url=http://www.motogp.com/en/news/2014/2015+provisional+MotoGP+calendar+announced|date=26 September 2014|accessdate=26 September 2014|work=motogp.com|publisher=[[Dorna Sports]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008015819/http://www.motogp.com/en/news/2014/2015+provisional+MotoGP+calendar+announced |date=8 October 2014 }}</ref> *{{QAT}}, [[Doha]], [[Losail International Circuit]] *{{ARG}}, [[Autódromo Termas de Río Hondo]] *{{USA}}, [[Austin]], [[Circuit of the Americas]] *{{SPA}}, [[Jerez de la Frontera]], [[Circuito de Jerez]] *{{FRA}}, [[Le Mans]], [[Circuit Bugatti]] *{{ITA}}, [[Scarperia]], [[Mugello Circuit]] *{{SPA}}, [[Montmelo]], [[Circuit de Catalunya]] *{{NLD}}, [[Assen]], [[TT Circuit Assen]] *{{GER}}, [[Chemnitz]], [[Sachsenring]] *{{AUT}}, [[Spielberg]], [[Red Bull Ring]] *{{CZE}}, [[Brno]], [[Masaryk Circuit]] *{{UK}}, [[Silverstone]], [[Silverstone Circuit]] *{{SMR}}, [[Rimini]], [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli]] *{{SPA}}, [[Alcañiz]], [[Ciudad del Motor de Aragón|Motorland Aragon]] *{{JPN}}, [[Motegi, Tochigi|Motegi]], [[Twin Ring Motegi]] *{{AUS}}, [[Phillip Island]], [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit]] *{{MAS}}, [[Sepang]], [[Sepang Circuit]] *{{SPA}}, [[Valencia]], [[Circuit Ricardo Tormo]] ==Spésifikasi== ===Kelas MotoGP=== [[File:Casey Stoner 2011 Brno 1.jpg|thumb|[[Casey Stoner]] di MotoGP [[Brno]]]] Kacepatan pangtarikna pikeun motor MotoGP dina kategori 125 cc nyaéta 249,76&nbsp;km / jam (155,19&nbsp;mph) ku Valentino Rossi taun 1996 pikeun Aprilia sarta kacepatan pangtarikna dina sajarah MotoGP nyaéta 368.6 km/h, ku Jorge Martin, nalika FP2 Grand Prix Mugello 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://resources.motogp.com/files/results/2015/QAT/MotoGP/RAC/AverageSpeed.pdf?v1_9b1c9216| title=Race Top Speed & Average|date=2015-03-29|work=MotoGP.com |accessdate=2014-06-02}}</ref> Tanggal 11 December, 2009, Komisi Grand Prix ngabéwarakeun yén kelas MotoGP baris dironjatkeun jadi mesin 1.000 cc mimiti usum 2012. Maksimum diwates nepi ka 1.000 cc, séher maksimum diwates nepi ka opat, sarta ''bore'' maksimum nepi ka {{convert|81|mm|abbr=in}}.<ref name="1000again">{{cite web |url=http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/1/5275/Motorcycle-Article/MotoGP-Goes-Back-to-1,000&nbsp;cc-in-2012.aspx |title=MotoGP Goes Back to 1,000 cc in 2012 |publisher=Motorcycle-usa.com |date= |accessdate=2014-05-27 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Carmelo Ezpeleta, Céo [[Dorna Sports]], nunjukkeun yén parobahan nu diproyéksikeun ditarima ku tim kalayan hadé.<ref>[http://moto-racing.speedtv.com/article/motogp-rossi-quickest-as-sepang-test-concludes//P3/ " MOTOGP: Rossi Quickest As Sepang Test Concludes,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731152118/http://moto-racing.speedtv.com/article/motogp-rossi-quickest-as-sepang-test-concludes/P3 |date=2010-07-31 }} ''[[SPEEDtv.com]]'' (2010).</ref> Ti taun 2012, tim-tim nu teu asup salah sahiji produsén gedé bisa néangan status "''claiming rule team''" (CRT).<ref name = "CRT"/> CRT dimaksudkeun supaya tim independén bisa saingan kalayan waragad leuwih murah sarta nambah jumlah pamilon di MotoGP.<ref name = "CRT"/> CRT diuntungkeun tina paraturan nu kurang ketat ngunaan jumlah mesin nu bisa digunakeun dina hiji usum, sarta kalayan tunjangan bahan beuleum nu leuwih gedé salila balapan.<ref name = "CRT"/> Kalayan paraturan klaim, CRT satuju pikeun ngidinan nepi ka opat mesin per usum pikeun diklaim, sanggaeus balapan, ku salah sahiji tim produsén utama kalayan waragad masing-masing gedéna €20,000 kaasup persenéleng, atawa masing-masing €15,000 pikeun mesin wungkul.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motogp.com/en/news/2011/Cecchinelli+on+2012+CRTs|title=Corrado Cecchinelli talks CRT regulations|date=2011-05-03|work=MotoGP.com|accessdate=30 Juni 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627114515/http://www.motogp.com/en/news/2011/Cecchinelli+on+2012+CRTs |date=2013-06-27 }}</ref> Ti usum taun 2014, kelas CRT diturunkeun demi spésifikasi "''Open Class''" - ngidinan tim ngagunakeun pakakas kontrol ECU sarta pikeun ngaronjatkeun daya saing maranéhna.<ref name = "CRT">[http://motomatters.com/news/2013/10/17/motogp_rules_update_crt_name_dropped_rep.html MotoGP Rules Update: 'CRT' Name Dropped, Replaced With 'Open'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217064715/http://motomatters.com/news/2013/10/17/motogp_rules_update_crt_name_dropped_rep.html |date=2014-12-17 }} Motomatters, 17 October 2013 Retrieved 2014-12-17</ref> ===Kelas Moto2=== Moto2 (dipikawanoh ogé kelas 600cc class) nyaéta kelas 600&nbsp;cc 4-Tak, [[2010 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season#Moto2 introduction|diluncurkeun taun 2010]] pikeun ngagantikeun kelas tradisional 250&nbsp;cc 2-Tak.<ref name = "Mot2600"/> Mesin dipasok sacara éksklusif ku Honda,<ref>{{cite news| url=https://motomatters.com/news/2010/02/24/honda_moto2_engines_to_produce_125_bhp.html| title=Honda Moto2 Engines To Produce 125 BHP| publisher=motomatters.com| accessdate=30 Juni 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718164746/https://motomatters.com/news/2010/02/24/honda_moto2_engines_to_produce_125_bhp.html |date=2017-07-18 }}</ref> gilinding ku [[Dunlop Tyres|Dunlop]] sarta éléktronik kawates sarta ngan dipasok ku produsén nu ditunjuk ku FIM kalayan waragad maksimum nu ditetepkeun gedéna 650 EUR. Rém cakram karbon dilarang, ngan cakram rém waja nu diidinan.<ref name = "Mot2600"/> Sanajan kitu, euweuh watesan pikeun rangka.<ref name = "Mot2600"/> Ti taun 2010 jeung saterusna, ngan mesin 600&nbsp;cc 4-T Moto2 nu diidinan.<ref name = "Mot2600" >{{cite news | url=http://www.motorcyclenews.com/sport/motogp/2008/december/dec1108-moto2-600cc-rules-unveiled/ | title=Moto2 600cc four-stroke rules unveiled | publisher =motorcyclenews.com|accessdate = 30 Juni 2017 }}</ref> ===Kelas Moto3=== Kelas 125&nbsp;cc diganti taun [[2012 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season#Class changes|2012]] ku kelad Moto3.<ref name = "motot3"/> Kelas ieu diwatesan pikeun mesin opat seher kapasitas 250 cc kalayan ''bore'' maksimum {{convert|81|mm|abbr=in}}.<ref name = "motot3"/> Beurat total minimum pikeun motor sarta purah balap nyaéta {{convert|152|kg|abbr=on}}.<ref name = "motot3"/> Purah balap kelas Moto3 teu meunang leuwih kolot ti 28 taun, atawa 25 taun pikeun purah balap anyar kontrak nu mimiti ngiluan sarta ''wild-cards''.<ref name = "motot3">{{cite web|url=https://www.srm-sachsenring.de/en/motogp-en/what-is-motogp|title=What is MotoGP|work=srm-sachsenring.de|accessdate=2014-06-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502034337/http://www.srm-sachsenring.de/en/motogp-en/what-is-motogp |date=2016-05-02 }}</ref> ===Spésifikasi mesin=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Spésifikasi !! MotoGP !! Moto2 !! Moto3 |- | {{rh}} | Pabrik || Rupa-rupa || [[Honda Racing Corporation|Honda]] || Rupa-rupa |- | {{rh}} | Konfigurasi || 75.5°-90° [[V4 engine|V4]]/[[Inline-four engine|Sagaris-opat]] || sagaris-opat || [[Single-cylinder engine|sa-séher]] |- | {{rh}} | Kapasitas || {{convert|1000|cc|cuin|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} || {{convert|600|cc|cuin|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} || {{convert|250|cc|cuin|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} |- | {{rh}} | Kombusi || colspan="3" | [[Four-stroke]] (ti taun 2012) |- | {{rh}} | Kelép || colspan="3" | [[Overhead camshaft|DOHC]], opat-kelép per séher |- | {{rh}} | Bahan beuleum || Tanpa timbal 100 [[Octane rating|octane]] (euweuh kontrol) || colspan="2" | [[Total S.A.|Total]] tanpa timbal 98 [[Octane rating|octane]] (saprak 2016) |- | {{rh}} | Sistim bahan beuleum || colspan="3" | [[Fuel injection|Bahan beuleum injéksi]] |- | {{rh}} | Aspirasi || colspan="3" | [[Naturally aspirated engine|Natural aspiration]] |- | {{rh}} | tanaga || {{convert|240|bhp|abbr=on}} || > {{convert|140|bhp|abbr=on}} || > {{convert|55|bhp|abbr=on}} |- | {{rh}} | Rasio Tanaga-ka-beurat || 1.51&nbsp;bhp/kg || ~1&nbsp;bhp/kg <ref name="Sports">{{Cite web|url=http://www.motogp.com/en/Inside+MotoGP/Bikes|title=Inside MotoGP™ · Bikes|last=Sports|first=Dorna|website=www.motogp.com|access-date=2016-04-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408201403/http://www.motogp.com/en/Inside+MotoGP/Bikes |date=2016-04-08 }}</ref> || ~0.6&nbsp;bhp/kg <ref name="Sports"/> |- | {{rh}} | Palumasan || colspan="3" | [[Wet sump]] |- | {{rh}} | Wates Rev || colspan="2" | 17,500 - 18,000 rpm || 14,000 rpm |- | {{rh}} | Kacepatan || {{convert|361|kph|mph|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} || {{convert|280|km/h|0|abbr=on}} || {{convert|231|kph|mph|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} |- | {{rh}} | Paniis || colspan="3" | Kompa cai tunggal |- | {{rh}} | Busi || colspan="3" | [[NGK]] |- |} ===Beurat=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:450px;" |+ Beurat minimum - Kelas MotoGP |- !Jumlah séher !2002 minimum !2007 minimum !2010 minimum |- !2 |{{convert|135|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |{{convert|137|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |{{convert|135|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |- !3 |{{convert|135|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |{{convert|140.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |{{convert|142.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |- !4 |{{convert|145|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |{{convert|148|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |{{convert|150|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |- !5 |{{convert|145|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |{{convert|155.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |{{convert|157.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |- !6 |{{convert|155|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |{{convert|163|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |{{convert|165|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |} * Dina taun 2005, kapasitas [[fuel tank|téngki bahan beuleum]] dironjatkeun ti 20 léter ka 24 léter.<ref name = "tengki"/> * Dina taun 2006, kapasitas tengki bahan beuleum dikurangan saeutik ti 24 léter ka 22 léter.<ref name = "tengki"/> * Ti taun 2007 jeung saterusna, sarta pikeun jangka waktu minimal lima taun, FIM geus ngatur kelas MotoGP yén mesin 2-T geus teu diidinan.<ref name = "tengki"/> Kapasitas bahan beuleum maksimal jadi 21 léter.<ref name = "tengki" >{{cite news | url=http://www.bikesportnews.com/news/news-detail/motogp-fuel-limit-set-at-22-litres-for-2016| title=MotoGP fuel limit set at 22 litres for 2016 | publisher =bikesportnews.com|accessdate = 30 Juni 2017 }}</ref> *Ti taun 2007 ka taun 2011, mesin 4-Tak diwates nepi ka 800&nbsp;cc <ref name = "800cc" >{{cite news| url=http://www.sportrider.com/tags/motogp| title=MotoGP| publisher=sportrider.com| accessdate=30 Juni 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727160148/http://www.sportrider.com/tags/motogp |date=2017-07-27 }}</ref> *Dina taun 2012 kapasitas mesin dironjatkeun jadi 1000cc<ref>{{cite web|title=MotoGP Basics|url=http://www.motogp.com/en/MotoGP+Basics/engines}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202190339/http://www.motogp.com/en/MotoGP+Basics/engines |date=2013-02-02 }}</ref> *Pikeun usum taun 2013 minimum beurat dironjatkeun ka {{convert|160|kg|lb|abbr=on}} <ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.crash.net/motogp/news/176551/1/why-the-motogp-weight-limit-changed.html| title=How the MotoGP weight increase happened| publisher =crash.net|accessdate = 30 Juni 2017 }}</ref> *Pikeun usum taun 2015 minimum beurat diturunkeun ka {{convert|158|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=MotoGP™ software development freeze for mid-2015|url=http://www.motogp.com/en/news/2014/09/14/motogp-software-development-freeze-for-mid-2015/165095}}</ref> ==Gilinding== Pikeun taun 2009, 2010 sarta 2011, panyadia gilinding Bridgestone ditunjuk ku FIM (kalayan Michelin teu nyadiaan gilinding pikeun MotoGP).<ref name = gilinding/> Bridgestone nyadiakeun pikeun sakabéh usum opat spesifikasi nu béda ti gilinding hareup, genep gilinding tukang, sarta hiji spésifikasi gilinding baseuh—kalayan tanpa spésifikasi kualifikasi.<ref name = gilinding/> Pikeun satiap rintakan Bridgestone disadiakeun ngan dua spésifikasi pikeun hareup jeung tukang.<ref name = gilinding/> Gilinding sacara acak dibagikeun ka purah balap pikeun ngajamin teu mihak ka salah sahiji purah balap.<ref name = gilinding >{{cite web |url=http://superbikeplanet.com/2009/Feb/090204a.htm |title=Bridgestone: How MotoGP Spec Tyres Will Work |accessdate=30 Juni 2017 |date=February 4, 2009 |publisher=SuperbikePlanet.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207011024/http://superbikeplanet.com/2009/Feb/090204a.htm |archivedate=February 7, 2009 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207011024/http://superbikeplanet.com/2009/Feb/090204a.htm |date=February 7, 2009 }}</ref> Jorge Lorenzo ngarojong tetekon mono gilinding.<ref>[http://www.motorcyclenews.com/MCN/sport/sportresults/MotoGP/2009/December/dec2809-Jorge-Lorenzo-satisfied-with-single-tyre-rule/?R=EPI-120980 ''Jorge Lorenzo satisfied with single tyre rule''] motorcyclenews</ref> Dina panungtung usum taun 2015, Bridgestone  ngundurkeun diri minangka panyadia gilinding resmi ka MotoGP.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.motogp.com/en/news/2014/05/01/bridgestone-to-withdraw-from-motogp-after-the-2015-season/163974 | title = Bridgestone to withdraw from MotoGP™ after the 2015 season | accessdate = 30 Juni 2017| publisher = MotoGP.com}}</ref> Nurutkeun tender formal, produsen gilinding Perancis [[Michelin]] jadi panyadia resmi pikeun usum 2016, sarta pangujian di Aragon dimimitian sanggeus ahir usum 2015.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.motogp.com/en/news/2014/05/23/michelin-to-become-motogp-official-tyre-supplier/164181 | title = Michelin to become MotoGP™ Official Tyre supplier | accessdate = 30 Juni 2017| publisher = MotoGP.com}}</ref> ==Sistim peunteun== {| class="wikitable" |+ Sistim peunteun kiwari <ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.motogp.com/en/Inside+MotoGP/Points| title = Michelin to become MotoGP™ Official Tyre supplier| accessdate = 30 Juni 2017| publisher = MotoGP.com}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709093528/http://www.motogp.com/en/Inside+MotoGP/Points |date=2017-07-09 }}</ref> ! Posisi ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 ! 13 ! 14 ! 15 |- ! Peunteun | 25 | 20 | 16 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |} * ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist|30em}} ==Tumbu kaluar== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|http://www.motogp.com}} Balap motor Grand Prix {{MotoGP}} {{MotoGP teams}} {{Grand Prix motorcycle racing}} {{Main world championships}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Grand Prix Motorcycle Racing}} [[Kategori:Balap motor Grand Prix]] [[Kategori:Fédération International Motorcycle]] 0mfanm27i8w1cxqjgljb1gq3km4kgc6 0 72879 711430 658969 2026-08-03T04:44:20Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Curious Lembang Horse.jpg|jmpl|Kuda mangrupa salasahiji fasilitas keur jalan-jalan di De'Ranch]] '''De' Ranch Lembang ''' nyaéta salasahiji tempat wisata ala [[cowboy]] Amerika anu aya di Lembang.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.wisatalembangbandung.com/2015/06/fasilitas-dan-harga-tiket-masuk-de-ranch-lembang-bandung.html|title=Fasilitas dan Harga Tiket Masuk De Ranch Lembang Bandung|newspaper=Wisata Lembang Bandung|access-date=2018-01-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128162607/http://www.wisatalembangbandung.com/2015/06/fasilitas-dan-harga-tiket-masuk-de-ranch-lembang-bandung.html |date=2018-01-28 }}</ref> De Ranch Lembang nyipta konsep wisata anu unik. unggal wisatawan bisa ngagunakeun kuda pikeun jalan-jalanna.<ref name=":0" /> Lian ti éta unggal wisatawan bisa nyewa rupa-rupa kalengkepan cowboy, kayaning baju cowboy, sapatu cowboy, jrrd.<ref name=":0" /> Tempat-tempat anu aya di De'Ranch di antarana peternnakan sapi, peternakan kuda, perkebunan, padang rumput, jrrd.<ref name=":0" /> == Lokasi == Lokasi De'Ranch Lembang perenahna aya di Jln. Maribaya no. 17 Lembang, Bandung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deranchlembang.com/id/|title=De'Ranch Lembang|website=deranchlembang.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-01-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118192824/http://deranchlembang.com/id/ |date=2018-01-18 }}</ref> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Tempat Wisata]] r7a1h362fukmn5aa63sosz6vpk4oewd 0 99845 711427 650069 2026-08-03T02:51:24Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox panyanyi indonesia |name = Beby Chaesara Anadila |image = Beby Chaesara Anadila (cropped).jpg |imagesize = 200px |caption = |birthname = Beby Chaesara Anadilla |othername = Beby |birthdate = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1998|3|18}} |birthplace = [[Bandung]], [[Jawa Barat]] |deathdate = |deathplace = |currentcity = |nationality = [[Indonesia]] |people = |address = |ethnicity = |residence = |home_town = [[Bandung]], [[Jawa Kulon]] |ancestry = |originplace = |etnic = |country of region = |restingplace = |restingplacecoordinates = |debutdate = |voice = |genre = [[Pop]] |recordlabel = |occupation = [[Penyanyi]], [[penari]] |instrument = [[Vokal]] |yearsactive = [[2011]]-ayeuna |label = JKT48 Project<br />[[Hits Records]] <small>(sebagai studio)</small> |associatedacts = [[JKT48]]<br />[[JKT48 Dance Project]] |partner = |influences = |influenced = |spouse = |domesticpartner = |children = |parents = |almameter = |religion = [[Islam]] |website = {{URL|http://www.jkt48.com/|JKT48}} |twitter = bebyJKT48 |instagram = jkt48beby |fansite = Bebyers<br />Beby Oshi |currentmembers = [[JKT48]] (2011 – sekarang)<br />[[JKT48 Dance Project]] (2016 – sekarang) |pastmembers = |awards = Peringkat 5 ''(Senbatsu)'' — <small>[[Pemilihan Member Single ke-6 JKT48]] ([[2014]])</small><br />Peringkat 12 ''(Senbatsu)'' — <small>[[Pemilihan Member Single ke-10 JKT48]] ([[2015]])</small><br />Peringkat 22 ''(Undergirls)'' — <small>[[Pemilihan Member Single ke-13 JKT48]] ([[2016]])</small><br />Peringkat 14 ''(Senbatsu)'' — <small>[[Pemilihan Member Single ke-17 JKT48]] ([[2017]])</small><br />Peringkat 11 ''(Senbatsu)'' — <small>[[Pemilihan Member Single ke-20 JKT48]] ([[2018]])</small><br />Peringkat 8 ''(Senbatsu)'' — <small>[[Pemilihan Member Single Original JKT48]] ([[2019]])</small> }} '''Beby Chaesara Anadila, S.Psi.''' ({{lahirmati|[[Bandung]]|18|3|1998}}) atanapi anu biasa dikenal "Beby," ogé katelah '''Beby JKT48''' nalika janten anggota [[JKT48]] mangrupi salah sahiji [[panyanyi]] sareng [[penari]] asal [[Indonesia]] anu ogé mangrupi anggota generasi pertama JKT48 sareng anggota nari ti sub-unit Tari Project JKT48 (salaku pamimpin) anu ayeuna aya dina Tim KIII saprak [[1 Desember]] [[2016]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.insertlive.com/seleb/20190618110113-13-45338/4-personel-jkt48-generasi-pionir-yang-tersisa|title=Beby Chaesara Anadila|last=Nanda|first=Agustin|date=|website=seleb|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902121129/https://www.insertlive.com/seleb/20190618110113-13-45338/4-personel-jkt48-generasi-pionir-yang-tersisa/2|archive-date=2019-02-02|access-date=2019-09-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902121129/https://www.insertlive.com/seleb/20190618110113-13-45338/4-personel-jkt48-generasi-pionir-yang-tersisa/2 |date=2019-09-02 }}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == {{Commons category}} * {{id}} [http://jkt48.com/member/detail/id/4?lang=id Profil di situs web resmi JKT48] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112133321/http://jkt48.com/member/detail/id/4?lang=id |date=2015-01-12 }} * {{Twitter|bebyJKT48}} * {{Instagram|jkt48beby}} * {{Google+|103237409084852946717}} * {{en}} [http://www.stage48.net/wiki/index.php/Beby_Chaesara_Anadila Beby Chaesara Anadila di Wiki48] * {{id}} [http://www.jkt48faktaunik.com/fakta-unik-tentang-beby-chaesara-anadila/ Beby Chaesara Anadila di Fakta Unik JKT48] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103164740/http://www.jkt48faktaunik.com/fakta-unik-tentang-beby-chaesara-anadila |date=2016-11-03 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Beby Chaesara Anadila}} [[Kategori:Panyanyi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Anggota JKT48|Ayana]] [[Kategori:JKT48 Generasi 1|Ayana]] [[Kategori:JKT48 Tim KIII|Beby]] {{Biografi-pondok}} 1dwietkx6c00qmyqiintyvvguiqr5kd 0 99998 711425 674208 2026-08-03T02:28:42Z VidiDhemas21 28605 711425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university| name = Universitaa Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa | image_name =| native_name= ''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa'' | established = [[1 Oktober]] [[1981]] sebagai Perguruan Tinggi Swasta <br> [[19 Maret]] [[2001]] sebagai Perguruan Tinggi Negeri | former_name= Universitaa Tirtayasa (1981-2001) <br> Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (2001-ayeuna) | type = Universitas Nagri | academic_staff = 707 (2019)<ref>https://forlap.ristekdikti.go.id/perguruantinggi/detail/MkEwREM5RUItMzkyNS00RDY4LTk1NDMtMUYyQjhFREJENUVG</ref> | students = 20,332 (2019)<ref>https://forlap.ristekdikti.go.id/perguruantinggi/detail/MkEwREM5RUItMzkyNS00RDY4LTk1NDMtMUYyQjhFREJENUVG</ref> | undergrad = 18,962 | postgrad = 1,370 | rector = Dr. H. Fatah Sulaiman, ST, MT | colors = Maroon {{color box|maroon}} | location = Serang jeung Cilegon | website = [http://untirta.ac.id www.untirta.ac.id] }} '''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''' disinggat'''Untirta''', nyaéta PTN (Perguruan Tinggi Negeri) anu aya di Propinsi [[Banten]], [[Indonesia]]. Kalayan kampus utama di [[Kota Serang|Serang]], kampus Fakultas Teknik anu lokasina di [[Kota Cilegon | Cilegon]] sareng Fakultas Pengajaran anu aya di Ciwaru. Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa mangrupikeun salah sahiji Paguron Luhur di Indonésia. Univitas éta diadegkeun ku jalma anu ngagaduhan hasrat pikeun majukeun dunya atikan di Banten. Salaku paguron luhur, siswa sareng dosen ogé bakal ngalaksanakeun peneliti anu nyababkeun sababaraha widang pikeun kamajuan bangsa Indonésia anu badé maju. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == * {{id}} [http://www.untirta.ac.id Situs Resmi Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (Untirta)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023113323/http://ft-untirta.ac.id/ |date=2017-10-23 }} {{PTN di Indonesia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa}} [[Kategori:Paguron luhur nagri di Indonésia]] {{Indo-perti-stub}} any14l90589jq7ruttdur0lma8w6e8e 711426 711425 2026-08-03T02:30:06Z VidiDhemas21 28605 711426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university| name = Universitaa Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa | image_name =| native_name= ''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa'' | established = [[1 Oktober]] [[1981]] sebagai Perguruan Tinggi Swasta <br> [[19 Maret]] [[2001]] sebagai Perguruan Tinggi Negeri | former_name= Universitaa Tirtayasa (1981-2001) <br> Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (2001-ayeuna) | type = Universitas Nagri | academic_staff = 707 (2019)<ref>https://forlap.ristekdikti.go.id/perguruantinggi/detail/MkEwREM5RUItMzkyNS00RDY4LTk1NDMtMUYyQjhFREJENUVG</ref> | students = 20,332 (2019)<ref>https://forlap.ristekdikti.go.id/perguruantinggi/detail/MkEwREM5RUItMzkyNS00RDY4LTk1NDMtMUYyQjhFREJENUVG</ref> | undergrad = 18,962 | postgrad = 1,370 | rector = Dr. H. Fatah Sulaiman, ST, MT | colors = Maroon {{color box|maroon}} | location = Serang jeung Cilegon | website = [http://untirta.ac.id www.untirta.ac.id] |motto=Maju, Bermutu, dan Berkarakter dalam Kebersamaan}} '''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''' disinggat'''Untirta''', nyaéta PTN (Perguruan Tinggi Negeri) anu aya di Propinsi [[Banten]], [[Indonesia]]. Kalayan kampus utama di [[Kota Serang|Serang]], kampus Fakultas Teknik anu lokasina di [[Kota Cilegon | Cilegon]] sareng Fakultas Pengajaran anu aya di Ciwaru. Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa mangrupikeun salah sahiji Paguron Luhur di Indonésia. Univitas éta diadegkeun ku jalma anu ngagaduhan hasrat pikeun majukeun dunya atikan di Banten. Salaku paguron luhur, siswa sareng dosen ogé bakal ngalaksanakeun peneliti anu nyababkeun sababaraha widang pikeun kamajuan bangsa Indonésia anu badé maju. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Tumbu luar == * {{id}} [http://www.untirta.ac.id Situs Resmi Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (Untirta)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023113323/http://ft-untirta.ac.id/ |date=2017-10-23 }} {{PTN di Indonesia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa}} [[Kategori:Paguron luhur nagri di Indonésia]] {{Indo-perti-stub}} oqcb34ma4oeftbat8cqaalwxmsfo3l2 0 103462 711423 625148 2026-08-03T01:45:51Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711423 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ardhito Rifqi Pramono''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]|22|5|1995}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/profil-ardhito-pramono-daftar-lagu-yang-terkenal-gnCP|title=Profil Ardhito Pramono & Daftar Lagu yang Terkenal|last=Haryanto|first=Alexander|website=tirto.id|language=id|accessdate=2022-05-18}}</ref>) atawa nu langkung kawentar ku ngaran panggung '''Ardhito Pramono''' mangrupa salah sahiji panyanyi, aktor, panyerat lagu nu asalna ti [[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia|Indonesia]].{{Infobox person|name=Ardhito Pramono|alma_mater=JMC Academy Creative Industries|religion=|relatives=|parents=|children=|nationality={{INA}}|party=|years_active=2013–ayeuna|occupation={{hlist|[[Aktor]]|[[Penyanyi]]|[[Panyerat lagu]]}}|image=Ardhito Pramono on Jalur Musik 2020.jpg|death_place=|death_date=|birth_place={{negara|Indonesia}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1995|5|22}}|height=|othername=|birth_name=Ardhito Rifqi Pramono|alt=|module=}} == Diskografi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deezer.com/id/artist/12198466|title=Ardhito Pramono|website=Deezer|language=id-ID|accessdate=2022-05-18}}</ref> == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Album !Judul !Taun Rilis |- |Playlist, Vol 2 |2017 |- |Ardhito Pramono Live at Jakarta International |2020 |- |[[Semar & Pasukan Monyet]] |2021 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+EP !Judul !Taun Rilis |- |Ardhito Pramono |2017 |- |a letter to my 17 year old | rowspan="2" |2019 |- |a letter to my 17 year old (Live Studio Session) |- |Craziest thing happened in my backyard | rowspan="3" |2020 |- |craziest thing happened in my backyard (Live Mono Session) |- |craziest thing happened in my backyard (Live Stereo Session) |} {| class="wikitable" |+Single !Judul !Taun Rilis |- |fake optics | rowspan="2" |2018 |- |bitterlove |- |Fine Today ([[Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini]] - Original Motion Picture) |2019 |- |Sudah ([[Story of Kale]] - Original Motion Picture) | rowspan="3" |2020 |- |I Just Couldn't Save You Tonight (feat. Aurélie) |- |New Year's Eve |- |Waktuku Hampa (feat. Detik Waktu Quartet) | rowspan="4" |2021 |- |Teman Perjalanan ([[Dear Nathan, Thank You Salma|Dear Nathan, Thank You]] [[Dear Nathan, Thank You Salma|Salma]] - Original Motion Picture) |- |Yth: NAIF (feat. Diskoria, [[Isyana Sarasvati]]) |- |Masa Masa (feat. [[Erwin Gutawa]]) |} == Filmografi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/addini-safitri/film-ardhito-pramono-c1c2|title=5 Film yang Dibintangi Ardhito Pramono, Identik dengan Peran Kale|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Safitri|first2=Addini|website=IDN Times|language=id|accessdate=2022-05-18}}</ref> == Salain ti nyerat lagu jeung berkarir dina dunya musik, Ardhito ogé ngabéntangan sababaraha film, manéhna ngamimitian karir aktorna dina film [[Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini]]—film numutkeun buku seratan [[Marchella FP]] maké judul nu sarua—nu disutradaraan ku sutradara sohor [[Indonésia|Indonesia]], [[Angga Dwimas Sasongko]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insertlive.com/film-dan-musik/20200102170531-25-74748/nkcthi-karya-terbaik-angga-sasongko-jadi-sutradara-selama-15-tahun|title=NKCTHI Karya Terbaik Angga Sasongko Jadi Sutradara Selama 15 Tahun|last=Alfian|first=Yogi|website=film-dan-musik|language=id-ID|accessdate=2022-05-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250609233031/https://www.insertlive.com/film-dan-musik/20200102170531-25-74748/nkcthi-karya-terbaik-angga-sasongko-jadi-sutradara-selama-15-tahun |date=2025-06-09 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Taun !Judul !Peran |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |[[Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini]] | rowspan="3" |Kale |- |Story of Kale: When Someone's in Love |- |2021 |Story of Dinda: Second Chance of Happiness |- |2022 |[[Dear Nathan: Thank You Salma]] |Afkar |} == Referensi == <references /> ptzw483wo7k5tyntea3y1noibm3xzic 0 104827 711436 710872 2026-08-03T11:57:46Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masjid Salman ITB''' nyaéta salah sahiji masjid di [[Kota Bandung|Bandung]] anu aya dina kampus [[Institut Teknologi Bandung]] (ITB) di [[Jalan Ganesa]] Nomor 7, Kecamatan Coblong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ayobandung.com/bandung-baheula/pr-79844277/filosofi-arsitektur-dan-sejarah-masjid-salman-itb|title=Filosofi Arsitektur dan Sejarah Masjid Salman ITB - Ayo Bandung|last=AyoBandung.Com|first=Redaksi|website=Filosofi Arsitektur dan Sejarah Masjid Salman ITB - Ayo Bandung|language=id|accessdate=2023-12-14}}</ref> [[Gambar:Salmanmosque.jpg|jmpl]] == Sajarah == Masjid ieu dingaranan Masjid Salman dumasar kana usul ti [[Sukarno|Soekarno]] salaku Présidén jeung mantan alumnus ITB. Basa éta, Soekarno tumaros ka Menteri Agama RI, Saifudin Zuhri, “Saha sobat Baginda Nabi anu ngagali parit dina Perang Khandaq?” Teras dijawab ku Menteri “Salman”. Ku sabab éta, Soekarno mutuskeun ngaran Masjid Salman. Saangeus éta, Prof. TM Soelaiman jeung tilu sobatna nyaéta [[Achmad Noeman]], [[Achmad Sadali]] jeung [[Ajat Sudrajat]] ngusulkeun ka Rektor ITB, Prof. Ir. [[Otong Kosasih]] pikeun ngadiriken hiji masjid dina sabudeureunan ITB. Basa éta, Rektor ITB teu satuju dumasar kana alasan: lamun umat Islam hoyong ngawangun masjid, engké jalma-jalma komunis hoyong ogé diwangun lapangan beureum dina sabudeureun ITB. Prof TM Soelaiman jeung sobat-sobatna teu nyerah. Soekarno masihan restu dina kaping 28 Mei 1964 pikeun ngadirikeun masjid.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ayobandung.com/bandung-baheula/pr-792275047/sejarah-masjid-salman-itb|title=Sejarah Masjid Salman ITB - Ayo Bandung|last=AyoBandung.Com|first=Redaksi|website=Sejarah Masjid Salman ITB - Ayo Bandung|language=id|accessdate=2023-12-02}}</ref> Aranjeunna ngumpulkeun rojongan supados panwangunan masjid geura dilaksanakeun. Salah sahiji dosen Planologi anu Kristen, Woworuntu oge ngadukung pangwangunan masjid. Katua jurusan arsitektur, Roemond, urang Walanda oge ngadukung.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://bandungmu.com/menengok-masjid-salman-itb-yang-didirikan-penuh-rintangan/|title=Menengok Masjid Salman ITB Yang Didirikan Penuh Rintangan|last=Anugrah|first=Feri|website=bandungmu.com|language=id|accessdate=2023-12-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202040655/https://bandungmu.com/menengok-masjid-salman-itb-yang-didirikan-penuh-rintangan/ |date=2023-12-02 }}</ref> T.M Soelaiman, Ahmad Noe’man jeung dua urang sobatna nganjang ka Istana Nagara nyuhunkeun rojongan ti Soekarno. Aranjeunna ngondang Jenderal [[Abdul Haris Nasution]] jeung [[Alamsjah Ratu Perwiranegara]] pikeun shalat jumat dina aula ITB.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://jejakislam.net/ir-ahmad-noeman-perancang-masjid-kampus-pertama-di-indonesia/|title=Ir. Ahmad Noe’man: Perancang Masjid Kampus Pertama di Indonesia|last=jejakislam1|website=Jejak Islam untuk Bangsa|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-12-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202035153/https://jejakislam.net/ir-ahmad-noeman-perancang-masjid-kampus-pertama-di-indonesia/ |date=2023-12-02 }}</ref> Dina kaping 5 Mei 1972, Masjid Salman ITB diresmikeun ku Rektor ITB, Prof. Dr. Ir. [[Doddy Tisna Amidjaja]]. Basa éta ogé, masjid pikeun masarakat umum, teu saukur pikeun jalma-jalma anu aya dina jero ITB waé.<ref name=":0" /> == Arsitéktur == Hateup Masjid Salman ITB dijieun tina beton anu wujudna cekung, ngagambarkeun leungen anu keur manjatkeun doa ka Gusti Alloh. Aya ogé pola garis-garis anu aya dina dinding masjid anu nyiratkeun harti ''habluminallah'' nyaéta hubungan anu kabentuk antawis manusa jeung Gusti Alloh, sedengkeun garis anu ngalébar ka sisi hartina ''habluminannas'' anu hartina hubungan manusia jeung babaturan, dulur, sarta jalma-jalma anu sanés.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://matabandung.pikiran-rakyat.com/pendidikan/pr-1825211580/sejarah-pembangunan-masjid-salman-itb-perjuangan-prof-tm-soelaiman-dan-kawan-kawan?page=2|title=Sejarah Pembangunan Masjid Salman ITB, Perjuangan Prof. TM Soelaiman dan Kawan-kawan|last=Sopian|first=Ipan|date=7 Agustus 2022|access-date=14 Desember 2023}}</ref> Masjid dijieun tina kayu jati, ku sabab éta jamaah masjid ngarasa adem saangeus asup ka masjid. Ieu masjid tiasa nampi 1.500 jamaah. Aya ogé menara anu ngajulang ka luhur anu aya di luar Masjid Salman. Menara ieu boga harti simbolik yén unggal jalma kudu boga prinsip anu kuat jeung iman ka Gusti Alloh.<ref name=":0" /> Gaya arsitéktur masjid ngagabungkeun unsur modern jeung tradisional. Dingding, lantai jeung langit-langit lolobana dijieun ku kayu jati anu cocog jeung iklim tropis. Cahaya ti lampu masjid dijieun teu pati terang supados jamaah ngarasa khusyuk dina ibadahna. Desain dina jero rohangan dijieun pikeun ngaredam cahaya panonpoe anu asup supados adem. Ku sabab éta, rohangan teu kudu dipasang kipas angin atawa AC. Rohangan di luar Masjid Salman husus pikeun kagiatan-kagiatan komunitas jeung organisasi anu mawa mangpaat, teu saukur pikeun mahasiswa ITB waé.<ref name=":1" /> Aya hiji hal anu ngabedakeun masjid ieu jeung masjid-masjid au sanes, nyaeta Masjid Salman teu miboga kubah dina luhureunana. Dumasar kana pamikiran ti Ahmad Noe’man, anu penting ti masjid nyaeta sumanget dina ibadah ka Gusti Alloh.<ref name=":2" /> == Tutumbu ka luar == https://www.itb.ac.id/berita/masjid-salman-itb-rumah-ibadah-dengan-segudang-sejarah-dan-keunikan/4765 https://salmanitb.com/sejarah {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202035610/https://salmanitb.com/sejarah |date=2023-12-02 }} == Rujukan == <references /> [[Kategori:Wangunan di Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Wangunan di Jawa Kulon]] [[Kategori:Wangunan di Kota Bandung]] 9kki3dx3vioenbl5u1f9lac1nwqaczy 2 106038 711420 674044 2026-08-02T15:09:20Z Pathoschild 1182 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 711420 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User:Revi C.]] 88g0cv17whfgb1wkeh281mptujwtlut 3 106039 711421 674045 2026-08-02T15:44:54Z Pathoschild 1182 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 711421 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Revi C.]] o9z79lcc9a9pfmqmrod5w3eyk4q9i0o 0 108573 711433 711039 2026-08-03T08:32:28Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karatagan Pahlawan''' nyaéta lagu daerah basa Sunda asal Jawa Barat anu bernuansa patriotisme. Lagu ieu diciptakeun ku '''Koko Koswara''' atanapi anu kasohor ku ngaran '''Mang Koko'''.<ref name="budaya">[https://budaya-indonesia.org/Karatagan-Pahlawan Karatagan Pahlawan]. Perpustakaan Digital Budaya Indonesia. 13 Désémber 2014.</ref><ref name="jabarhits">[https://www.jabarhits.com/jawa-barat/pr-4983996895/lirik-tembang-karatagan-pahlawan-beserta-terjemahannya-lagu-daerah-asal-jawa-barat-nuansa-patriotisme Lirik tembang ‘Karatagan Pahlawan’ Beserta Terjemahannya]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. JabarHits.com. 28 Juli 2022.</ref> == Sajarah jeung hartina == Lagu ieu diciptakeun pikeun ngobarkeun sumanget juang pahlawan dina ngabela kamerdikaan Indonesia. Judul "Karatagan Pahlawan" hartina kira-kira ''kategeguhan pahlawan'' atanapi ''keteguhan hati pahlawan''. Lirikna ngagambarkeun tekad anu bulat, henteu bimbang, sareng pantang mundur dina merjuangkeun bangsa.<ref name="tirto">[https://tirto.id/lirik-lagu-karatagan-pahlawan-dari-jawa-barat-untuk-17-agustus-guPT Lirik Lagu Karatagan Pahlawan dari Jawa Barat untuk 17 Agustus]. Tirto.id. 2022.</ref> Kecap konci dina lagu ieu nyaéta '''"Teu honcéwang"''', anu hartina ''henteu bimbang'' atanapi ''mantap tekadna''.<ref name="honcewang">[[Honcewang]]</ref> == Lirik lagu == Lirik lengkepna numutkeun Perpustakaan Digital Budaya Indonesia:<ref name="budaya"/> <blockquote> Teu honcewang sumoreang<br> Tekadna pahlawan bangsa<br> Cadu mundur pantrang mulang<br> Mun maksud tacan laksana<br> Berjuang keur lemah cai<br> Lali rabi tur tegang pati<br> Taya basa menta pamulang tarima<br> Ikhlas rido keur korban merdeka<br> <br> Sinatria danalaga<br> Bela bangsa jeung nagara<br> Dibarengan tekad suci<br> Berjuang keur lemah cai<br> Teu ngingetkeun ka dirina<br> Asal nagri bangsa waluya<br> Kadar jembar raharja mukti wibawa<br> Gembleng tujuan Pahlawan Bangsa </blockquote> Catetan: Aya sababaraha varian lirik anu beredar di média online.<ref name="insertlive">[https://www.insertlive.com/film-dan-musik/20250807195246-197-375987/lirik-lagu-karatagan-pahlawan-bahasa-sunda Lirik Lagu Karatagan Pahlawan Bahasa Sunda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810182226/https://www.insertlive.com/film-dan-musik/20250807195246-197-375987/lirik-lagu-karatagan-pahlawan-bahasa-sunda |date=2025-08-10 }}. Insertlive.com. 2025.</ref><ref name="kapanlagi">[https://lirik.kapanlagi.com/artis/jawa-baratjabar/karatagan-pahlawan/ Lirik Karatagan Pahlawan - Jawa Barat/JaBar]. KapanLagi.com.</ref> == Pangaruh budaya == Lagu ieu sering dinyanyikeun dina upacara 17 Agustus sareng acara-acara anu patali jeung sajarah perjuangan di Jawa Barat. Lagu ieu jadi salah sahiji lagu wajib pikeun ngingetkeun sumanget nasionalisme di kalangan masarakat Sunda.<ref name="tirto"/><ref name="jabarhits"/> == Tempo ogé == * [[Honcewang]] * [[Koko Koswara]] * [[Lagu Sunda]] == Rujukan == <references /> {{stub}} [[Kategori:Lagu Sunda]] [[Kategori:Lagu perjuangan]] [[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]] [[Kategori:Jawa Barat]] kkraqbdhjhe3jrj0k1yjl09vopg189z 0 108777 711422 711346 2026-08-03T01:44:06Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 711422 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Arc de Triomphe, Paris 5 February 2019.jpg|jmpl|294x294px|Arc de triomphe de l'Étoile, Paris]] '''Arc de triomphe de l'Étoile''' atawa biasa dipikawanoh salaku '''Arc de Triomphe''' ([[Basa Indonésia]]: Gapura/Monumén Kamenangan) nyaéta monumén ngawujud Melengkung Kameunangan di [[Paris]] anu nangtung di tengah-tengah wewengkon Place de l'Étoile, di tungtung kulon wewengkon Champs-Élysées. Ieu wangunan diwangun dumasar kana paréntah [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] kalawan tujuan pikeun ngahormat jasa-jasa tentara keagunganana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/arc-de-triomphe-de-l-%C3%89toile/m0zv_|title=Arc de triomphe de l'Étoile - Google Arts & Culture|website=Google Seni & Budaya|language=id|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref> == Sajarah == Sajarah pangwangunan Arc de Triomphe dimimitian dina taun 1806 nalika Napoléon I maréntahkeun dijieunna hiji monumén di Place de l'Étoile pikeun ngarayakeun kameunangan tentara Prancis. Arsiték [[Jean-François Chalgrin]] jeung [[Jean-Arnaud Raymond]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.frenchempire.net/monuments/|title=History of the Arc de Triomphe|website=www.frenchempire.net|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref> ngarancang ieu wangunan ku cara ngarujuk kana arsitéktur monumén Romawi kuno, kawas ''[[Arch of Titus]]'' jeung ''[[Arch of Constantine]]''. Prosés pangwangunan awal leumpang laun; nepi ka nalika Napoléon ngawin [[Marie-Louise]] ti [[Austria]] dina April 1810, bagian pilar monumén téh anyar saeutik aya di luhureun taneuh. Demi mapag rombongan karajaan anu ngaliwat, diwangun téh makét réplika Arc de Triomphe ukuran asli tina raraga kai jeung kaén kanvas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.paris-arc-de-triomphe.fr/en/discover/The%20construction%20site%20of%20the%20Arc%20de%20triomphe,%20a%20political%20and%20historical%20project,%20lasted%20from%201806%20to%201836|title=History of the Arc de triomphe - CMN|last=CMN|website=www.paris-arc-de-triomphe.fr|language=en-GB|accessdate=2026-07-25}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arc-de-triomphe.paris/id/history|title=Sejarah Arc de Triomphe|website=arc-de-triomphe.paris|language=en|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref> Sanggeus ragragna Napoléon jeung naékna Raja [[Louis XVIII]] kana kakuasaan, proyék pangwangunan sempet eureun tur ampir dirobah ku kaum monarkis. Pangwangunan anyar diteruskeun deui dina taun 1823 di handapeun pamaréntahan Louis XVIII tur diteruskeun ku [[Charles X]], tapi fokus pangerjaanana dirobah pikeunngadédikasikeun monumén kasebut pikeun Tentara Pyrenees anu meunangkeun pertempuran di [[Spanyol]]. Tapi, gelombang Révolusi Juli dina taun 1830 deui-deui nunda kaanggeusan ieu monumén saluyu jeung rungkadna pamaréntahan Charles X.<ref name=":0" /> Pangwangunan tungtungna asup tahap ahir sanggeus Raja [[Louis-Philippe I]] naék tahta tur nunjuk arsiték [[Guillaume Abel Blouet]] dina taun 1832. Manéhna ngabalikeun dédikasi Arc de Triomphe pikeun ngingetkeun sakabéh Angkatan Darat Révolusi jeung Karajaan Prancis. Sababaraha seniman kasohor dikerahkeun pikeun nyieun réliéf, patung, sarta ngukir ngaran 30 pertempuran gedé jeung 384 jéndral perang di pilar-pilar monumén.<ref name=":0" /> Sanggeus ngaliwatan perjalanan panjang salila 30 taun, Arc de Triomphe tungtungna diresmikeun sacara resmi dina 29 Juli 1836. Upacara peresmian kasebut leumpang basajan pisan tur ukur dihadiran ku 11 urang lantaran aya kasieun tina ancaman pangpatéan ka Raja Louis-Philippe I. Najan perayaan resmina dibatalkeun, dina peutingna masarakat tetep ngumpul di sakuriling monumén anu dicaangan ku 700 lampu gas. Panambahan ngaran-ngaran pahlawan jeung pertempuran anu sempet kaliwat terus dilakukeun sacara berkala nepi ka taun 1895.<ref name=":0" /> == Référénsi == se9i7h36eabqs85xb0gk7uudvfbxnoz 1728 108783 711414 2026-08-02T12:18:24Z Affandy Murad 21490 Nyieun kaca anyar Tim WikiRempah ngondang sadérék sadaya pikeun miluan '''Wikikongko WikiRempah''' di Bandung, hiji riungan santai keur nu resep kana kagiatan Wikimédia, hususna nu patali jeung kempelan buku katut naskah kolot 📃📜✨ Poé/Tanggal: Ahad, 9 Agustus 2026 Waktu: Tabuh 10.00–15.00 WIB Tempat: Kiyomi Space, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No.130, Dago, Kecamatan Coblong, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat Sarat jeung katangtuan: Wajib mawa léptop atawa tablét. Pendaptaran: Daptarna b... 711414 wikitext text/x-wiki Tim WikiRempah ngondang sadérék sadaya pikeun miluan '''Wikikongko WikiRempah''' di Bandung, hiji riungan santai keur nu resep kana kagiatan Wikimédia, hususna nu patali jeung kempelan buku katut naskah kolot 📃📜✨ Poé/Tanggal: Ahad, 9 Agustus 2026 Waktu: Tabuh 10.00–15.00 WIB Tempat: Kiyomi Space, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No.130, Dago, Kecamatan Coblong, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat Sarat jeung katangtuan: Wajib mawa léptop atawa tablét. Pendaptaran: Daptarna bisa ka 0838-2274-7928 (Hasna) tdkdnqjs06piw5ldm14qrz39whzzv7j 711415 711414 2026-08-02T12:21:01Z Affandy Murad 21490 711415 wikitext text/x-wiki Tim WikiRempah ngondang sadérék sadaya pikeun miluan '''Wikikongko WikiRempah''' di Bandung, hiji riungan santai keur nu resep kana kagiatan Wikimédia, hususna nu patali jeung kempelan buku katut naskah kolot Poé/Tanggal: Ahad, 9 Agustus 2026 Waktu: Tabuh 10.00–15.00 WIB Tempat: Kiyomi Space, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No.130, Dago, Kecamatan Coblong, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat Sarat jeung katangtuan: Wajib mawa léptop atawa tablét. Pendaptaran: Daptarna bisa ka 0838-2274-7928 (Hasna) 9ml8kjzkjel9kg2f4dfdwcgkubz007n 711416 711415 2026-08-02T12:25:00Z Oceanmuse 22609 711416 wikitext text/x-wiki Tim WikiRempah ngondang sadérék sadaya pikeun miluan '''Wikikongko WikiRempah''' di Bandung, hiji riungan santai keur nu resep kana kagiatan Wikimédia, hususna nu patali jeung kempelan buku katut naskah kolot Poé/Tanggal: Ahad, 9 Agustus 2026 Waktu: Tabuh 10.00–15.00 WIB Tempat: Kiyomi Space, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No.130, Dago, Kecamatan Coblong, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat Sarat jeung katangtuan: Wajib mawa léptop atawa tablét. oexvzxfll0sqii7v4gme7azd9pqgnpa 711435 711416 2026-08-03T10:19:25Z Oceanmuse 22609 711435 wikitext text/x-wiki Tim WikiRempah ngondang sadérék sadaya pikeun miluan '''Wikikongko WikiRempah''' di Bandung, hiji riungan santai keur nu resep kana kagiatan Wikimédia, hususna nu patali jeung kempelan buku katut naskah kolot Poé/Tanggal: Ahad, 9 Agustus 2026 Waktu: Tabuh 10.00–15.00 WIB Tempat: Kedai Rasta, Rasa Timur Asli, Jl. Cilaki No.59, Cihapit, Kota Bandung Sarat jeung katangtuan: Wajib mawa léptop atawa tablét. 84r7zc323vd1ebyf0b6tskgkyaeq51y