Wikipedia suwiki https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Média Husus Obrolan Pamaké Obrolan pamaké Wikipedia Obrolan Wikipedia Gambar Obrolan gambar MédiaWiki Obrolan MédiaWiki Citakan Obrolan citakan Pitulung Obrolan pitulung Kategori Obrolan kategori Portal Obrolan portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 808 712516 652653 2026-09-05T02:58:04Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712516 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Guriezo Adino vaca toro terneras.jpg|thumb|200px|Animalia - Bos primigenius taurus]] [[Gambar:Zboże.jpg|thumb|200px|Planta - Triticum]] [[Gambar:Morchella esculenta 08.jpg|thumb|200px|Fungi - Morchella esculenta]] [[Gambar:Fucus serratus2.jpg|200px|thumb|Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus]] [[Gambar:Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.jpg|thumb|200px|Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer)]] [[Gambar:Halobacteria.jpg|thumb|200px|Archaea - Halobacteria]] [[Gambar:Gamma phage.png|thumb|200px|Virus - Gamma phage]] '''Biologi''' mangrupa [[élmu]] ngeunaan [[mahluk hirup]].<ref name=“Biologi”/> Ulikanana museur dina ciri jeung [[paripolah]] [[organisme]], cara tumuwuhna [[spésiés]] jeung individu, sarta interaksi hiji jeung nu séjénna tur [[lingkungan]]ana. Biologi asal tina kecap (''bios''= hirup, ''logos'' = élmu) bisa dikiratakeun biologi téh élmu pangaweruh anu museur dina widang mahluk hirup. <ref name=“Biologi”>{{Cite book | title =Biologi SMA/MA Kls X (Diknas)| first =R. Gunawan| last =Susilowarno| publisher =Grasindo| location =Jakarta| year =2008| pages =4|ISBN=9789790250192|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=LYEYkjKeaEsC&pg=PA141&dq=flora+indonesia&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCqNba_tbuAhUS7XMBHQqpAmA4tAEQ6AEwAXoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=flora%20indonesia&f=false,+sunda&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiogsCTztbuAhWMT30KHV-ZCzoQ6AEwBnoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=vegetasi%20jawa%20barat%2C%20sunda&f=false|accessdate=(disungsi – 7 Peb 2021)}}</ref> == Ihtisar == Biologi boga ambahan nu lega na lapang akademik nu mindeng diteuteup salaku hiji disiplin nu mandiri. Kalawan babarengan, biologi ngulik kahirupan nu aya dina [[Orders of magnitude (length)|skala]] nu lega: * na skala atomik jeung molekular, [[biologi molekular]], [[biokimia]], jeung [[genetik]] * na skala sélular, [[biologi sél]] * na skala multisélular, [[fisiologi]], [[anatomi]], jeung [[histologi]] * na tingkat tumuwuhna atawa [[ontogeni]] organisme individual, [[developmental biology]] * na tingkat tumurunna kolot ka anak, [[genetik]] * na tingkat paripolah kumpulan, [[etologi]] * na tingkat sakabéh [[populasi]], [[genetik populasi]] * na skala multi-spésiés [[lineage]], [[sistematik]] * na tingkat silih gumantung antara populasi jeung habitatna dina [[ékologi]] sarta [[évolusi|biologi évolusionér]] * sarta, sacara spékulatif, ''[[xenobiology]]'' dina tingkat kahirupan saluareun Bumi. === Widang ulikan na biologi === [[Aérobiologi]] -- [[Anatomi]] -- [[Arachnology]]-- [[Astrobiologi]] -- [[Biokimia]] -- [[Bionik]] -- [[Biogéografi]] -- [[Bioinformatik]] -- [[Biomékanik]] -- [[Biofisik]]-- [[Biotéknologi]] -- [[Botani]] -- [[Biologi sél]] -- [[Chorology]] -- [[Kladistik]] -- [[Crustaceology]] -- [[Cryptozoology]] -- [[Siklus]] -- [[Sitologi]] -- [[Developmental biology]] -- [[Panyakit]] ([[Panyakit genetik]], [[Panyakit inféksi]]) -- [[Ékologi]] ([[Ékologi téoritis]], [[simbiosis|Simbiologi]], [[Autecology]], [[Synecology]]) -- [[Ethology]] -- [[Entomologi]] -- [[Biologi évolusi]] ([[Évolusi]]) -- [[Evolutionary developmental biology]] -- [[Freshwater biology]] -- [[Genetik]] ([[Genetik populasi]], [[Genetik kuantitatif]], [[Genomik]], [[Protéomik]]) -- [[Hérpetologi]] -- [[Histologi]] -- [[Biologi manusa]] ([[Antropologi]]) -- [[Ichthyology]] -- [[Imunologi]] -- [[Patologi]] -- [[Épidemiologi]] -- [[Limnologi]] -- [[Malacologi]] -- [[Mammalogi]] -- [[Biologi laut]] -- [[Mikrobiologi]] ([[Bakteriologi]]) -- [[Biologi molekular]] -- [[Morfologi]] -- [[Mikologi]] / [[Lichenology]] --- [[Myrmecology]] --- [[Élmu saraf]] ([[Neuroanatomi]], [[Neurofisiologi]], [[Élmu saraf sistem]], [[Psikologi biologis]], [[Psikiatri]], [[Psikofarmakologi]], [[Behavioral science]], [[Neuroethology]], [[Psikofisik]], [[Élmu saraf komputasional]], [[Élmu saraf kognitif]], [[Élmu kognitif]])-- [[Onkologi]] (ulikan ngeunaan kangker) -- [[Ontogeni]] -- [[Asal-usul manusa]] -- [[Ornitologi]] -- [[Paléontologi]] ([[Paléobotani]], [[Paléozoologi]])-- [[Parasitologi]] -- [[Fikologi]] (Algologi) -- [[Filogeni]] ([[Filogenetik]], [[Filogéografi]]) -- [[Fisiologi]] -- [[Fitopatologi]] -- [[Biologi struktural]] -- [[Taksonomi]] -- [[Toksikologi]] (ulikan ngeunaan racun jeung [[polusi]]) -- [[Virologi]] -- [[Xénobiologi]] -- [[Zoologi]] === Disiplin nu pakait === [[Tatamba]] -- [[Antropologi fisik]] === Jalma jeung sajarah === [[Daptar biolog|Inohong widang biologi]] -- [[Sajarah biologi]] -- [[Hadiah Nobel/Fisiologi atawa tatamba|Hadiah Nobel widang fisiologi atawa tatamba]] -- [[Kala biologi jeung kimia organik]] === Daptar jejer === Tempo: [[Daptar jejer biologi]] ''Naon prioritas urang nulis di dieu? Pikeun mantuan ngembangkeun daptar jejer-jejer nu pangdasarna dina widang biologi, mangga tempo [[Wikipédia: jejer dasar biologi]].'' == Évolusi jeung biologi == salah sahiji konsép puseur jeung pangatur dina biologi nandeskeun yén sadaya nu hirup diturunkeun ti hiji ''[[common origin]]'' ngaliwatan prosés [[évolusi]]. [[Charles Darwin]] nerangkeun konsép téoritis évolusi nu masih kénéh jadi puseur nepi ka kiwari, ku jalan ngajukeun [[seléksi alam]] pikeun mékanismena. Salajengna ''[[genetic drift]]'' dirangkul salaku mékanisme tambahan dina nu disebut [[sintésis modern]]. Sajarah évolusionér hiji [[spésies]]— nu ngécéskeun karakteristik rupa-rupa spésiés asal-usulna—sarta kakaitan genéalogis jeung spésiés séjénna disebut [[filogeni]]. Rupa-rupa ''pendekatan'' dina biologi ngahasilkeun informasi ngeunaan filogeni. salah sahijina nyéta ku ngabandingkeun [[urutan DNA]] nu diulik dina [[biologi molekular]] atawa [[genomik]] jeung ngabandingkeun [[fosil]] atawa rekaman séjénna ngeunaan organisme kuna dina [[paléontologi]]. Para ahli biologi ngatur jeung nganalisis hubungan évolusionér ngaliwatan rupa-rupa métode, di antarana [[filogenetik]], [[fenetik]], sarta [[kladistik]]. Kajadian-kajadian utama dina évolusi mahluk hirup, sakumaha nu ayeuna diagem ku maranéhna, diringkeskeun dina ''[[evolutionary timeline]]''. == Klasifikasi mahluk hirup == Klasifikasi mahluk hirup disebutna [[sistematika]] atawa [[taksonomi]], nu kudu ngeunteung kana tangkal évolusi ([[tangkal filogenetik]]) organisme-organisme nu baréda. Taksonomi ngumpulkeun organisme-organisme dina kumpulan nu disebut [[taksa]], sedengkeun sistematika nyiar patali-patalina. Sistem nu dominan disebut [[taksonomi Linnaean]], nu ngawengku urutan jeung [[tatangaran binomial]]. Kumaha hiji organisme dibéré ngaran diatur ku kasapukan internasional saperti [[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]] (ICBN), [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]] (ICZN), jeung [[International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria]] (ICNB). Draf kaopat BioCode geus medal taun 1997 dina usaha ngabakukeun tatangaran na tangkalna, ngan rupana can sacara formal diadopsi. [[International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature]] (ICVCN) tetep aya di luareun BioCode. Sacara tradisional, mahluk hirup dibagi kana lima karajaan: :[[Monéra]] -- [[Protista]] -- [[Fungi]] -- [[Plantae]] -- [[Animalia]] Ngan, sistem lima-karajaan ieu kiwari geus loba dianggap tinggaleun jaman. Pilihan séjén nu leuwih modérn sacara umum dimimitian ku [[sistem tilu-wewengkon]]: :[[Archaea]] (tadina Archaebacteria) -- [[Bacteria]] (tadina Eubacteria) -- [[Eukaryota]] Wewengkon ieu ngagambarkeun aya henteuna inti tur béda ékstérior sélna. Aya ogé saréngréngan [[parasit]] intrasélular nu "teu hirup" dina harti aktivitas [[métabolisme]]na: :[[virus (biologi)|Virus]] -- [[Viroid]] -- [[Prion]] == Sajarah kecap "biologi" == Diwangun ku ngagabungkeun kecap Yunani βίος ''(bios)'', nu hartina 'hirup', jeung λόγος ''(logos)'', nu hartina 'kecap', kecap "biologi" dina harti modérn jigana mimiti diwanohkeun sacara séwang-séwangan ku [[Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus]] (''Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur'', [[1802]]) jeung ku [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]] (''Hydrogéologie'', 1802). Kecap ieu kadang kasebutkeun cenah diciptakeun taun [[1800]] ku [[Karl Friedrich Burdach]], tapi ogé kapanggih na judul [[Michael Christoph Hanov]] Volume 3 ''Philosophiae naturalis sive physicae dogmaticae'': ''Geologia, biologia, phytologia generalis et dendrologia'', nu medal taun [[1766]]. == Tempo ogé == * [[Eukariot]] * [[Asal-usul hirup]] * [[Morfologi]] * [[Lingkungan]] * [[Ékosistem]] * [[Ahli biologi]] * [[Dokter]] * [[NASA Ames Research Center]] * [[Bachelor of Science]] * [[Daptar téknologi]] * [[Masalah nu teu kaungkab dina biologi]] * [[Daptar jejer ngeunaan konservasi]] == Tumbu kaluar jeung sumber séjén == === Tumbu === * ''[[wikibooks:General Biology|Bukutéks Biologi Umum Wiki]]'', [[wikibooks:Biology|buku biologi]], jeung situs [[wikibooks:Main Page|Bukuwiki]]. * ''Kaca Biologi Kimball'', http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130185925/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages |date=2010-11-30 }} : Buku téks online. * ''Tangkal Kahirupan'', http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html : A multi-authored, distributed Internet project containing information about phylogeny and biodiversity. * ''The Journal of Biology'', http://www.jbiol.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113204026/http://www.jbiol.com/ |date=2016-01-13 }} : Jurnal panalungtikan, leutik tapi gratis. * ''The Public Library of Science: Biology'', http://www.plosbiology.org : Jurnal panalungtikan nu leuwih anyar, tapi ogé leuwih ambisius. * ''BioCode'', http://www.rom.on.ca/biodiversity/biocode/biocode1997.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051219211357/http://www.rom.on.ca/biodiversity/biocode/biocode1997.html |date=2005-12-19 }} : Proposal pikeun tata ngaran organisme. * [http://www.ohiou.edu/phylocode/index.html PhyloCode] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114093618/http://www.ohiou.edu/phylocode/index.html |date=2007-11-14 }} === Bacaeun === * Lynn Margulis, ''Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth,'' 3rd ed., St. Martin's Press, [[1997]], paperback, ISBN 0-8050-7252-7 (many other editions) * Neil Campbell, ''Biology: Concepts & Connections (4th edition)'', Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, [[2002]], hardcover, ISBN 0-8053-6627-X (college-level text) ==Cutatan== {{reflist|2}} {{CabangBiologi}} [[Kategori:Biologi]] nixjnhhw8nt2qxn1hkm64orowz05o1w 0 4089 712526 708810 2026-09-05T11:16:08Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = pink | name = Kukuyaan | image = Coccinella_septempunctata_-_front_%28aka%29.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''[[Coccinella septempunctata]]'' | regnum = [[Sato|Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insékta]] | ordo = [[Coleoptera]] | subordo = [[Polyphaga]] | infraordo = [[Cucujiformia]] | superfamilia = [[Cucujoidea]] | familia = '''Coccinellidae''' | familia_authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1807 | subdivision_ranks = Subfamili | subdivision = [[Chilocorinae]]<br /> [[Coccidulinae]]<br /> [[Coccinellinae]]<br /> [[Epilachninae]]<br /> [[Scymininae]]<br /> [[Sticholotidinae]]<br /> jsb. ''baca [[daptar genera Coccinellidae]]'' }} '''Kukuyaan'''; Breum nyaéta mangrupa [[insékta]] leutik anggota ''Coccinellidae'' kulawarga [[bangbung]], nu ngawengku leuwih ti 4.500 [[spésiés]]. Awak kukuyaan bentukna buleud, kalawan diaméter ukur [[1 E-3 m|1 - 10 mm]], ilaharna boga warna [[karapas]] dasar konéng, oranyeu, atawa beureum ditambah tutul hideung, sedengkeun suku jeung huluna mah hideung.<ref name=”Rig”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books/about/Verhandelingen_van_het_Bataviaasch_genoo.html?hl=id&id=aENaAAAAcAAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false| title =Rigg| last =Rigg| first =Jonathan| publisher =Lange| location =Universitas Harvard| year =1862|ISBN=|pages =65}} Disungsi 27 Mei 2024</ref> == Biologi == Kukuyaan boga kelir caang pikeun ngusir prédator. Cara ieu téh jétu pisan, sabab prédator nyangka yén nu kelirna caang kitu mah biasana aya racunan. <!--Kajadian ieu disebut [[aposematisme]]. Kukuyaan In fact, most coccinellids are indeed toxic to smaller predators, such as lizards and small birds; however, a human would have to eat several hundred coccinellids before feeling any effects. Adult coccinellids are able to [[reflex-bleed]] from their leg joints, releasing their oily yellow toxin with a strong repellent smell. This becomes quite obvious when one handles a coccinellid roughly. Coccinellids lay eggs which hatch into a larval state. The larvae then go into a pupal stage before becoming an adult coccinellid. Coccinellids lay extra infertile eggs with the fertile eggs. These appear to provide a backup food source for the larvae when they hatch. The ratio of infertile to fertile eggs increases as with scarcity of food at the time of egg laying. (Perry & Roitberg, 2005)--> == Mangpaat komersil == Kukuyaan téh nguntungkeun pikeun [[tatanén organik]], sabab lolobana [[inséktivora]], ngahakanan [[apid]], [[Tephritidae|laleur buah]], sarta insékta hama lianna. <!-- ==Culture== Coccinellids are and have for very many years been favourite insects of children. The insects had many regional names (now mostly disused) such as the lady-cow, may-bug, golden-knop, golden-bugs ([[Suffolk]]); and variations on Bishop-Barnaby (Barney, Burney) Barnabee, Burnabee, and the Bishop-that-burneth. The ladybird is immortalised in the children's [[nursery rhyme]] extant: ::Ladybird, ladybird, fly away home<br> ::Your house is on fire and your children are gone<br> ::All except one, and that's Little Anne<br> ::For she has crept under the warming pan. and ancient (recounted in an [[1851]] publication): ::Dowdy-cow, dowdy-cow, ride away heame, ::Thy house is burnt, and thy bairns are tean, ::And if thou means to save thy bairns ::Take thy wings and flee away! The name which the insect bears in the various languages of [[Europe]] is clearly [[Mythology|mythic]]. In this, as in other cases, the Virgin Mary has supplanted [[Freya]], the [[fertility]] [[goddess]] of [[Norse mythology]]; so that ''Freyjuhaena'' and ''Frouehenge'' have been changed into ''Marienvoglein'', which corresponds with Our Lady's Bird. There can, therefore, be little doubt that the esteem with which the lady-bird, or Our Lady's cow, is still regarded and is a relic of ancient beliefs. In parts of Northern Europe, tradition says you get a wish granted if a ladybird lands on you. In Italy, it is said by some that if a Ladybird flies into your bedroom, it is considered good luck. In central Europe, a ladybird crawling across a girl's hand is thought to mean she will get married within the year. In Russia a ladybird is called Божья-Коровка (God's cow) and a popular children's rhyme exists with a call to fly to the sky and bring back bread. The ladybird is the symbol of the Dutch [[Foundation Against Senseless Violence]], as you can see in the logo [http://lasvegas.bazoon.nl/zinloosgeweld/zgcore/script/faq_get_image.asp?questionset_id=421&volgnr=1 here]. Other companies using ladybirds as their corporate logo include: [[Ladybird Books]] (owned by [[Pearson PLC]] and the Ladybird range of children's clothing sold by [[Woolworths Group plc|Woolworth's]] in the UK. === Advertisement === Two ladybirds are featured in the [[Peugeot 207]] [[TV commercial]]. They are shown mating inside a Peugeot 207 to the tune of [[The Marcels]]' ''Heartaches''. == Notable species == Note that not all individuals show the number of spots suggested by their names: [[Image:Asian multicolored lady beetle.jpg|thumbnail|left|[[Asian lady beetle]], ''Harmonia axyridis'']] * [[Coccinella septempunctata|Seven-spotted lady beetle]], ''Coccinella septempunctata'' * [[Two-spotted lady beetle]], ''Adalia bipunctata'' * [[Convergent lady beetle]], ''Hippodamia convergens'' * [[Thirteen-spotted lady beetle]], ''Hippodamia tredecimpunctata'' * [[Spotted lady beetle]], ''Coleomegilla maculata'' * [[Twice-stabbed lady beetle]], ''Chilocurus stigma'' * [[Mexican bean beetle]], ''Epilachna varivestis Mulsant'' * [[Asian lady beetle]] or Harlequin lady beetle, ''Harmonia axyridis'' * [[Mealybug ladybird]], ''Cryptolaemus montrouzieri'' For a complete list of genera, see [[list of Coccinellidae genera]]. See also the [[list of British ladybirds]]--> == Rujukan == * ''[[:en:Coccinellidae|Coccinellidae]]'', Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris (13 Juni 2006) * [[I. Hodek]] & [[A. Honek]], ''Ecology of Coccinellidae'' (Dordrecht: [[Kluwer]], [[1996]]) * Perry, J.C., and B.D. Roitberg. In press. "Ladybird mothers mitigate offspring starvation risk by laying trophic eggs". ''[[Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology]]''. == Tumbu kaluar == {{Commons|Category:Coccinellidae}} *[http://www.cirrusimage.com/beetles_ladybird.htm Ladybugs of North America - diagnostic photographs] *[http://www.cirrusimage.com/beetles_multicolored_Asian_ladybird.htm Multicolored Asian ladybug ''Harmonia axyridis'' male and female specimens photos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102232859/http://www.cirrusimage.com/beetles_multicolored_Asian_ladybird.htm |date=2013-01-02 }} * [http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/predators/ladybintro.html Biological control: Predators: Lady beetles] Cornell University's ''Guide to natural enemies of North America'' * [http://www.phil.uni-passau.de/didaktik_natw/fuersch/taxonomy.html Taxonomy of coccinelids] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/wildbritain/springwatch/record/ladybird.shtml BBC Science & Nature: 7-spotted ladybird] * [http://www.harlequin-survey.org Harlequin Ladybird survey in the British Isles] * [http://www.earthlife.net/insects/coccinel.html Ladybirds page on The Earth Life Web] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105010623/http://www.earthlife.net/insects/coccinel.html |date=2012-11-05 }} * [http://home.ptd.net/~insect/ladybug.html Unofficial Homepage to the Asian ladybird beetle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707172813/http://home.ptd.net/~insect/ladybug.html |date=2006-07-07 }} * [http://www.lady-bugs.org/ General Information on Ladybugs (Asian LadyBeetle) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127170949/http://www.lady-bugs.org/ |date=2012-11-27 }} * [http://www.peugeot.nl/web/about/goodies/commercials/207/index_LB.php Peugeot's ladybird TV commercial]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Coccinellidae]] 0jlv5stlomx4z77p70m93x6hnc1tq6g 0 23303 712519 711161 2026-09-05T08:23:50Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dati2|nami=Kabupatén Pandeglang |propinsi=[[Banten]] |ibukota=Pandéglang |lega=2.746,90 km² |pangeusi= 1.085.000 (2003) |kapadetan=395 |kacamatan=26 |kalurahan=- |kodearea=0253 |dau=Rp. - |lambang= <!--[[Berkas:Lambang Kabupaten Pandeglang.png|120px|Lambang Kabupatén Pandéglang]]--> |peta= <!--[[Gambar:Locator_kabupaten_pandeglang.png]]--> |kordinat=60 21' - 70 10' LKi<br/>1040 48'- 1060 11' BWé |dasar hukum=- |tanggal=[[11 April]] |motto=BERKAH (Beresih, Elok, Ramah, Kuat, Aman, Hirup) |kapala daerah=[[Bupati]] |nami kapala daerah=H.A. Dimiyati Natakusuma |web=http://www.pandeglang.go.id/ |caption=Logo Kabupaten Pandeglang}} [[Gambar:Logo pandeglang.png|al=logo kabupaten pandeglang|jmpl|[https://pandeglangkab.go.id/]]] '''Kabupatén Pandéglang''' ([[Aksara Sunda Baku|Aksara Sunda]]: ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮕᮔ᮪ᮓᮦᮌᮣᮀ, [[Arab Sunda]]: كابوفاتَين فاندَيڮۤلاڠ) nyaéta salah sahiji [[kabupatén]] di [[Propinsi]] [[Banten]], [[Indonésia]]. Ibukotana '''Pandéglang'''. Kabupatén ieu wawatesan jeung [[Kabupatén Serang]] di kaler, [[Kabupatén Lebak]] di kulon, sarta [[Samudra Indonésia]] di kulon jeung kiduleunnana. Wewengkonna ogé ngawengku [[Pulo Panaitan]] (di kulon, dipisahkeun ku Selat Panaitan), sarta sajumlah pulo-pulo leutik di Samudra Hindia, kaasup [[Pulo Déli]] jeung [[Pulo Tinjil]]. [[Semenanjung Ujung Kulon]] mangrupa tungtung pulo Jawa pangkulonna, nu aya [[suaka margasatwa]] tempat panangtayungan [[badak]] [[cula]] hiji nu kiwari meh lastari. == '''Harti Lambang Kabupaten Pandeglang''' == [https://pandeglangkab.go.id/ Harti Lambang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127235903/https://pandeglangkab.go.id/ |date=2023-01-27 }} '''STAR''' - Hiji béntang lima titik konéng emas ayana dina bodas ngagambarkeun kaagungan [[Allah SWT,]] nu emits konéng emas pikeun ngabentuk pasagi sejen. '''SAMPINGAN''' – Tameng pentagonal dimaksudkeun minangka lambang kateguhan Masarakat jeung Pamaréntah Daérah [[Kabupatén Pandeglang]] sapanjang umur di jero Nagara Pancasila. '''CONES''' – Tilu congcot anu ukuranana jeung jangkungna henteu sarua ngagambarkeun tilu gunung sarta ngalambangkeun yen wewengkon Pandeglang mangrupa pagunungan. '''Badak''' - Badak tanduk hiji nyanghareup ka kénca mangrupa salah sahiji sasatoan warisan kuna anu masih kénéh hirup nepi ka kiwari. '''PADI''' – Tangkai béas anu tilu puluh tujuh butir ngagambarkeun sajumlah désa di wewengkon [[Kabupatén Pandeglang]] saratus tilu puluh tujuh désa. '''KAPAS''' – Tangkal kapas kembang genep kembang ngagambarkeun sajumlah kacamatan di Kabupatén Pandeglang, jumlahna genep belas kacamatan. '''JASMINE''' – Kembang malati anu opat daunna bodas, ngalambangkeun jumlah Kewedanaan di Kabupatén Pandeglang saloba opat Kewedanaan. '''GARIS GELOMBANG''' - Dua garis bergelombang anu panjangna henteu sarua, masing-masing ngagambarkeun Laut anu ngurilingan sabagéan ageung wewengkon [[Kabupatén Pandeglang]] sareng walungan anu aya di jerona. '''Warna Lambang Harti''' '''Emas konéng''' melambangkan '''kaagungan jeung wibawa''' '''Bodas''' melambangkan '''kasucian''' '''Biru muda''' melambangkan '''kasatiaan''' '''Héjo poék''' ngalambangkeun '''kasuburan''' '''Héjo abu''' ngalambangkeun '''[https://pandeglangkab.go.id/ Fortitude] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127235903/https://pandeglangkab.go.id/ |date=2023-01-27 }}''' == Visi jeung Misi == Visi jeung Misi Kabupatén Pandéglang taun 2021-2026 nyaéta:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pandeglangkab.go.id/|title=BERANDA - PEMKAB PANDEGLANG|language=id-ID|accessdate=2023-02-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127235903/https://pandeglangkab.go.id/ |date=2023-01-27 }}</ref> Visi: "Pandéglang Berkah, Mibanda Daya Saing & Raharja" Misi Kabupatén Pandéglang, nyaéta: # Konsolidasi aksés infrastruktur pikeun atikan, kaséhatan sarta puseur pertumbuhan ékonomi. # Ngadorong ningkatna kualitas [[Sumber daya manusa|Sumber Daya Manusia]] (SDM). # Ngaronjatkeun kualitas palayanan publik. # Ngaronjatkeun betah investasi dina ngokolakeun sumber daya alam anu lestari jeung ramah lingkungan. # Ngaronjatkeun pemberdayaan masarakat dina usaha ngaronjatkeun ajén-inajén tatanén, perikanan, pariwisata jeung séntra industri leutik sedeng. == Géografis jeung Iklim == Sacara géografis, Kabupatén Pandéglang aya di tungtung kulon Pulo Jawa di koordinat 6^o21'-7^o10' Lintang Kidul jeung 104^o48'-106^o11' Bujur Wétan. Legana wilayah Kabupatén Pandéglang nyaéta 2.747 km² atawa 29,98% tina total legana wilayah Propinsi Banten. Gunung-gunung nu aya di Pandéglang lolobana harandap nyaéta antawis 320 m nepika 480 m.Kabupatén Pandéglang jadi kabupatén panglegana kadua di Propinsi Banten. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Kabupaten Pandeglang Dalam Angka 2023|last=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pandeglang|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pandeglang|year=2023|location=Pandeglang}}</ref> Wates Kabupatén Pandéglang nyaéta:<ref name=":0" /> * Belah Kalér: Kabupatén Sérang * Belah Kidul: Samudera Indonesia * Kulon: Selat Sunda * Wétan: Kabupatén Lebak Suhu rata-rata di Kabupatén Pandéglang taun 2022 nyaéta 27,5^oC, suhu paing handap 21 ^oC sedengkeun suhu paling luhur nyaeta 35,1^oC.<ref name=":0" /> == Pamaréntahan == [[Gambar:Pandeglang sta 151229-0543 lsg.JPG|jmpl|Pandeglang mangsa taun 2016]] Ti saparak taun 2011, Kabupatén Pandéglang dibagi kana 35 kacamatan jeung 343 désa. Di handap ieu daptar kacamatan anu aya di Kabupatén Pandéglang: # [[Sumur, Pandéglang|Sumur]] # [[Cimanggu, Pandéglang|Cimanggu]] # Cibaliung # Cibitung # Cikeusik # Cigeulis # [[Panimbang, Pandéglang|Panimbang]] # [[Sobang, Pandéglang|Sobang]] # Munjul # Angsana # Sindangresmi # [[Picung, Pandéglang|Picung]] # Bojong # [[Saketi, Pandéglang|Saketi]] # Cisata # [[Pagelaran, Pandéglang|Pagelaran]] # [[Patia, Pandéglang|Patia]] # Sukaresmi # Labuan # Carita # Jiput # Cikedal # [[Menés, Menés, Pandéglang|Menes]] # Pulosari # [[Mandalawangi, Pandéglang|Mandalawangi]] # [[Cimanuk, Pandéglang|Cimanuk]] # [[Cipeucang, Pandéglang|Cipeucang]] # Banjar # Kaduhejo # Mekarjaya # [[Pandéglang, Pandéglang|Pandeglang]] # Majasari # Cadasari # [[Karang Tanjung, Pandéglang|Karangtanjung]] # [[Koroncong, Koroncong, Pandéglang|Koroncong]] === Bupati === === Pagawe Nagara Sipil (PNS) === {{banten}} {{Kabupatén Pandéglang}} {{geo-pondok}} [[Kategori:Kabupatén Pandéglang|Kabupatén Pandéglang]] [[Kategori:Kabupatén di Banten|Pandéglang]] [[Kategori:Artikel WikiMekar]] btt2xs6y7a5w0xy88bm4n2uqi4af63t 0 27223 712518 706838 2026-09-05T06:33:09Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Hymenoptera | image = Hymenoptere(s).jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = ''[[Andrena]]'' sp. bikang | regnum = [[Sato|Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insékta]] | subclassis = [[Pterygota]] | infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] | superordo = [[Endopterygota]] | ordo = '''Hymenoptera''' | ordo_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[Systema Naturae|1758]] | subdivision_ranks = [[Subordo]] | subdivision = [[Apocrita]]<br /> [[Symphyta]] }} '''Hymenoptera''' mangrupa salah sahiji [[ordo (biologi)|ordo]] gedé [[insékta]] nu ngawengku [[Symphyta]] jeung [[Apocryta]] ([[seungseureudan]] jeung [[sireum]]). Ngaranna dicokot tina jangjang insékta nu ipis, nu diturunkeun tina [[basa Yunani Kuna]] ὑμήν (humẽn): mémbran jeung πτερόν (pteron): jangjang. [[Jangjang]] hareup jeung disambungkeun ku runtuyan kait nu disebut [[hamuli]]. Nu bikang boga jarum [[ovipositor]] husus pikeun ngasupkeun endog ka jero sayang liang. Ovipositor ieu robah jadi [[panyeureud (organ)|panyeureud]]. Ieu insékta ngalaman [[métamorfosis]] lengkep: hambalan [[larva]] mirip [[hileud]] jeung cicing dina kepongpong méméh sawawa (baca [[holométabolismeu]]). <!-- ==Sex determination== {{main|Haplodiploid sex-determination system}} Among the hymenopterans, sex is [[sex-determination system|determined]] by the number of [[chromosome]]s an individual possesses. Fertilized eggs get two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent's respective [[gamete]]s), and so develop into [[diploid]] females, while unfertilized eggs only contain one set (from the mother), and so develop into [[haploid]] males; the act of fertilization is under the voluntary control of the egg-laying female. This phenomenon is called [[haplodiploidy]]. Note, however, that the actual genetic mechanisms of haplodiploid sex determination may be more complex than simple chromosome number. In many Hymenoptera, sex is actually determined by a single gene locus with many alleles. In these species, haploids are male and diploids heterozygous at the sex locus are female, but occasionally a diploid will be homozygous at the sex locus and develop as a male instead. This is especially likely to occur in an individual whose parents were siblings or other close relatives. Diploid males are known to be produced by inbreeding in many ant, bee and wasp species. One consequence of haplodiploidy is that females on average actually have more genes in common with their sisters than they do with their own daughters. Because of this, cooperation among kindred females may be unusually advantageous, and has been hypothesized to contribute to the multiple origins of [[eusociality]] within this order. ==Classification== ===Symphyta=== The suborder [[Symphyta]] includes the [[sawflies]], [[horntail]]s, and [[Orussidae|parasitic wood wasps]]. The group appears to be [[paraphyletic]], as it is often believed that the family [[Orussidae]] may be the group from which the Apocrita arose. They have an unconstricted junction between the thorax and abdomen, and the larvae of free-living forms are herbivorous, have legs, [[proleg]]s (on every segment, unlike [[Lepidoptera]]) ([[butterflies]] and [[moth]]s), and [[ocelli]]. ===Apocrita=== The wasps, bees, and ants together make up the suborder [[Apocrita]], characterized by a constriction between the first and second abdominal segments called a wasp-waist ([[petiole (insect)|petiole]]), also involving the fusion of the first abdominal segment to the [[thorax]]. Also, the larvae of all Apocrita do not have legs, prolegs, or ocelli. --> == Rujukan == * {{cite book|author=[[David Grimaldi|Grimaldi, D.]] and [[Michael S. Engel|Engel, M.S.]] |title=Evolution of the Insects|year=[[2005]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|id=ISBN 0-521-82149-5}} * {{cite book|author=[[Alex Rasnitsyn|Rasnitsyn, A.P.]] and Quicke, D.L.J.|title=History of Insects|year=[[2002]]|publisher=[[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]|id=ISBN 1-4020-0026-X |pages=242-254}} {{Reflist}} == Tumbu kaluar == ;Umum * [http://www.hymis.eu/fotos/topical/topical.php?nav1=topical Hymenoptera Information System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209155542/http://www.hymis.eu/fotos/topical/topical.php?nav1=topical |date=2012-02-09 }} (German) * [http://www.cirrusimage.com/hymenoptera.htm Hymenoptera of North America - large format reference photographs, descriptions, taxonomy] * [http://www.hymenopterists.org/ International Society of Hymenopterists] * [http://www.bwars.com/ Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society] (UK) * [http://www.lasius.narod.ru/ Ants Photo Gallery] (RU) * [http://palaeoentomolog.ru/english.html Fossil insects in Russia] * [http://fossilinsects.net/index.html International Palaeoentomological Society] * [http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/selhome/sphecos/sph30ttl.htm Sphecos Forum for Aculeate Hymenopterra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924070018/http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/selhome/sphecos/sph30ttl.htm |date=2006-09-24 }} * [http://morphbank.net/Browse/ByImage/index.php?keywords=&tsnKeywords=hymenoptera&spKeywords=&viewKeywords=whole+body&localityKeywords=&listField1=imageId&orderAsc1=DESC&listField2=&orderAsc2=ASC&listField3=&orderAsc3=ASC&numPerPage=20&goTo=&resetOffset=&activeSubmit=2 Hymenoptera images on MorphBank, a biological image database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212734/http://morphbank.net/Browse/ByImage/index.php?keywords=&tsnKeywords=hymenoptera&spKeywords=&viewKeywords=whole+body&localityKeywords=&listField1=imageId&orderAsc1=DESC&listField2=&orderAsc2=ASC&listField3=&orderAsc3=ASC&numPerPage=20&goTo=&resetOffset=&activeSubmit=2 |date=2007-09-27 }} ;Sistematika * [http://hymenoptera.ucr.edu Hymenopteran Systematics] ;Béréndélan Régional * [http://www.ufrrj.br/institutos/ib/ento/tomo11.pdf Insetos dos Brazil] * [http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biosystematics/invertebrates/hymenoptera/ New Zealand Hymenoptera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113190650/http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biosystematics/invertebrates/hymenoptera/ |date=2007-11-13 }} * [http://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_wasps/index.htm Waspweb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618182556/http://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_wasps/index.htm |date=2007-06-18 }} Gambar-gambar alus Hymenoptera [[Afrotropis]] [[Kategori:Endopterygota]] [[Kategori:gegeremet]] 7tdyos2xrctxnaryqpq1vtmylvse0nb 0 28804 712512 712220 2026-09-05T01:48:23Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info Pesawat |airline = Asiana Airlines<br />아시아나 항공<br />아시아나 航空<br />''Asiana Hanggong'' |logo = |logo_size = 300 |IATA = OZ |ICAO = AAR |callsign = ASIANA |parent = [[Kumho Asiana Group]] |founded = 1988 |headquarters = [[Seoul]], [[Korea Kidul]] |key_people = Kang, Chu-Ahn ([[CEO]]) |hubs = [[Bandara Internasional Incheon]]<br />[[Gimpo International Airport]] |focus_cities = [[Gimhae International Airport]]<br />[[Jeju International Airport]] |frequent_flyer = [[Asiana Club]] |lounge = Asiana Lounge |alliance = [[Star Alliance]] |subsidiaries = [[Air Busan]] |fleet_size = 68 (+31 orders) |destinations = 77 <small>incl. cargo</small> |website = http://www.flyasiana.com/ }} '''Asiana Airlines''' ({{ko-hhrm|hangul=아시아나 항공|rr=Asiana Hanggong}}; {{kosdaq|020560}}; saméméhna '''Séoul Airlines''') nyaéta hiji [[pausahaan penerbangan]] nu puseurna di [[Seoul]], [[Korea Kidul]] tur mangrupa salah sahiji tina dua pausahaan penerbangan Koréa Kidul panggedéna marengan [[Korean Air]]. Asiana mangrupa anggota [[Star Alliance]] tur ngoprasikeun layanan ka 12 tuhuan domestik jeung 73 tujuan internasional di 17 nagara di sakuliah dunya.<ref name="FI">{{cite news | title= Directory: World Airlines | work= [[Flight International]] | page= 78 | date= 2007-03-27}}</ref> Kantor puseur jeung puseur ''overseas'' Asiana aya di Bandara Internasional Inchéon (deukeuteun Séoul) sedengkeun puseur domestikna mah aya di [[Gimpo International Airport]]. == Sajarah == Asiana ngadeg tanggal [[17 Pebruari]] [[1988]] tur mulai oprasi bulan Desember 1988 kalayan penerbangan ka [[Busan]]. {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}} It was formed by the [[Kumho Asiana Group]] (formerly Kumho Group) as part of the South Koréan government's policy to créate a second [[flag carrier]] and was originally known as Séoul Air International. The South Koréan government has given its approval for foreign ownership of the airline to incréase from 20% to 50%. The airline is owned by private investors (30.53%), Kumho Industrial (29.51%), Kumho Petrochemical (15.05%), foreign investors (11.9%), Koréa Development Bank (7.18%), others (5.83%) and employs 7,799 staff (at March 2007).<ref name="FI"/> ===New Image=== In February 2006, Asiana Airlines modérnised its [[corporate identity]] to harmonise with those of other divisions of its parent company the Kumho Asiana Group. The names of the travel classes have changed from First Class, Business Class, and Economy Class to First, Business, and Travel classes respectively, and the colors of the travel classes have changed to yellow, blue and red for First, Business, and Travel Class, respectively. New uniforms are also planned for the crew.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070108200152/http://flyasiana.com/sub/news/images/news061011.jpg Asiana Airlines new colours]</ref> On [[18 April]] [[2007]] Asiana was awarded a 5-star rating by [[Skytrax]], an accolade shared with [[Cathay Pacific]], [[Malaysia Airlines]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[Singapore Airlines]] and [[Kingfisher Airlines]].<ref name="5ST">[http://www.airlinequality.com/news/180407-Asiana.htm Asiana Airlines awarded 5 Star Airline ranking] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924085815/http://www.airlinequality.com/news/180407-Asiana.htm |date=2008-09-24 }} 18 April 2007</ref> == Tujuan == {{see|Tujuan Asiana Airlines}} == Codeshare agreements == The airline has [[Code sharing|code-share]] agreements with the following airlines (as of May 2008):<ref>[http://chkin.flyasiana.com/English/Fly2007/Contents/about/partner/star_alliance.jsp?CAT=CODE_SHARE Asiana Airlines code-share partners page]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 5 July 2007</ref> <div style="-moz-column-count:4; column-count:4;"> *[[Air Canada]](SA) *[[Air China]](SA) *[[Air New Zealand]](SA) *[[All Nippon Airways]](SA) *[[China Eastern Airlines]] *[[China Southern Airlines]] *[[EgyptAir]](SA) *[[LOT Polish Airlines]](SA) *[[Qantas]] *[[Qatar Airways]] *[[Shanghai Airlines]](SA) *[[Singapore Airlines]](SA) *[[South African Airways]](SA) *[[Thai Airways International]](SA) *[[Turkish Airlines]](SA) *[[United Airlines]](SA) (SA) - Star Alliance members </div> == Armada == [[Gambar:Asiana747.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Asiana 747 in new livery taking off from [[Metro Manila|Manila]]]]The Asiana Airlines fleet includes the following aircraft (as of May 2008):<ref name="FI"/> <center> {| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse" |+ '''Asiana Airlines Fleet''' |- bgcolor=lightgrey !Kapal terbang !Total !Panumpang<br />(First*/Business*/Travel) !Rute !Catetan |- |[[Airbus A320|Airbus A320-200]] |8 |143 (8/135) |''International short-medium haul'' China, Japan, Southéast Asia | |- |[[Airbus A321|Airbus A321-100]] |2 |200 (200) |''Domestic/International short-medium haul'' China, Japan, Southéast Asia | |- |[[Airbus A321|Airbus A321-200]] |12 |177 (12/165) |''Domestic/International short-medium haul'' China, Japan | |- |[[Airbus A330|Airbus A330-300]] |6 |290 (30/260) |''International short-medium haul'' Japan, China, Central and Southéast Asia |AVOD available on all aircraft |- |[[Airbus A350]] |(30 order) <ref>[http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/08_07_16_asiana_a350.html Asiana Airlines orders 30 Airbus A350 aircraft] 16 July 2008</ref> | |''International long haul'' ''Regional'' |Ten orders for éach variant: -800, -900, -1000 |- |[[Boeing 737|Boeing 737-400]] |7 |150 (150) |''Domestic routes'' | |- |[[Boeing 737|Boeing 737-500]] |3 |127 (127) |''Domestic routes'' | |- |[[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-400]] |2 |359 (10/45/304){{ndash}} New product <br />378 (12/60/306) |Séoul (Inchéon) to New York (JFK) <br /> Sometimes they operate high-capacity short haul <br /> |[[General Electric CF6]] engines |- |[[Boeing 757|Boeing 747-400 Combi]] |3 |284 (12/36/236) |International <br /> Long Haul |Converted into freighters by 2009 |- |[[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]] |7 |260 (18/242) |''Domestic/International short-medium haul'' Australia, Japan, China, Central and Southéast Asia | |- |[[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200ER]] |9 <br /> (1 order) |303 (32/271) |''International long haul <br /> High-capacity short haul'' <br /> North America, Australia, Japan, Europe | |- |} </center> ^{*First Class is offered on Boeing 747. Business Class is offered on international flights.}</center> *The average Asiana Airlines fleet age was 7.6 yéars old in March 2008.<ref>[http://www.airfleets.net/ageflotte/?file=calcop&opp=Asiana%20Airlines Asiana Airlines Fleet Age]</ref> *The first of four [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-400]] combi to full freighter conversions has been delivered from Bedek Aviation Group, part of [[Israel Aerospace Industries]]. The second delivery will be later in 2007, with the other two conversions due for delivery in éarly 2009<ref>[[Flight International]] 20-26 March 2007</ref> *Asiana Airlines will return all of its léased Boeing 747-400 passenger aircraft, while it has a plan to convert three B747-400M to freighters. In order to compensate for the loss of these passenger jets, Asiana will introduce two [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200ER]] aircraft and one [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-300ER]] aircraft. Asiana plans discussions with Boeing in September for further aircraft procurement.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} *Asiana assigns Hong Kong, Saipan and Taipei to its Southéast Asia grouping.<ref>In-flight publications about its mileage programme.</ref><ref>[http://hk.flyasiana.com/timetable/2007_01_kor.pdf 운항시간표] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409111217/http://hk.flyasiana.com/timetable/2007_01_kor.pdf |date=2008-04-09 }}</ref> == Kargo == [[Gambar:Asiana Airlines HL7414 frankfurt 100 0557.JPG|thumb|right|Asiana [[Boeing 747-400|Boeing 747-48EM(BDSF)]] in old livery in [[Frankfurt]]]]Asiana Cargo is the airline's freight division, operating 747F and 767F freighter aircraft to points in Asia, Europe and North America. <center> {| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse" |+ '''Asiana Airlines Cargo Fleet''' |- bgcolor=lightgrey !Aircraft !Total !Capacity<br />(max.weight) !Routes !Notes |- |[[Boeing 747-400F]] |5 | |International medium-long haul<br />Asia, Europe and North America |[[General Electric CF6]] engines |- |[[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-400BCF]] |3 | |International medium-long haul<br />Asia, Europe and North America | |- |[[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300F]] |1 | |Regional short-medium haul<br />China, Japan and Southéast Asia | |- |} </center> == Kajadian jeung kacilakaan == [[Gambar:Asiana Airlines logo.png|thumb|150px|right|Asiana Airlines logo, 1988-2005]] *On [[9 June]] [[2006]], an [[Asiana Airlines Flight 8942]] [[A321]]-100 (HL7594) en route [[Jeju]]-[[Seoul]] flew through a hailstorm which blew off the aircraft's nose cone, destroyed its radar and shattered the front cockpit windows. The aircraft landed safely at [[Gimpo Airport]]. The pilot was subsequently commended for his actions. * On [[11 November]] [[1998]], an Asiana Airlines [[B747-400]] attempting a U-Turn in the gate aréa of the [[Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport]] embedded its winglet in an [[Aeroflot]] [[Ilyushin Il-62]]M tail. No one was injured. Asiana was subsequently sued by Aeroflot. The Il-62M in this incident is now retired and is parked at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport with the Asiana winglet still embedded into its tail. *On [[26 July]] [[1993]], an [[Asiana Airlines Flight 733]] [[B737]]-500 (HL7229) struck high ground in poor wéather about 4 kilometres from the runway in [[Mokpo]] while it was making its third attempt landing at runway 06 at [[Mokpo Airport]]. 2 of the 6 crew members and 66 of the 110 passengers were killed. [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930726-1] == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Tumbu luar == {{Commons|Asiana Airlines}} *[http://flyasiana.com Asiana Airlines] *[http://flyasiana.com/gateway/gateway_en.html/ Asiana Airlines worldwide site] *[http://www.lovemyseat.com/airlines/Asiana_Airlines/Asiana_Airlines.html Asiana Airlines Seating Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625215407/http://www.lovemyseat.com/airlines/Asiana_Airlines/Asiana_Airlines.html |date=2007-06-25 }} *[http://www.seatguru.com/airlines/Asiana/information.php Asiana Airlines Seating Charts on SeatGuru.com] {{Anggota IATA}} <!--Categories--> [[Kategori:Anggota IATA]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan penerbangan Koréa Kidul]] <!--Other languages--> sf0tjhx639ywn5ly7goh4gbz6a1awko 0 34383 712525 492631 2026-09-05T10:11:59Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Katuk|the place in Afghanistan|Katok|the place in Azerbaijan|Ağgədik}} {{taxobox |name = Katuk - ''Sauropus androgynus'' |image = Sauropus androgynus at Kadavoor.jpg |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Malpighiales]] |familia = [[Phyllanthaceae]] |tribus = [[Phyllantheae]] |subtribus = [[Flueggeinae]] |genus = ''[[Sauropus]]'' |species = '''''S. androgynus''''' |binomial = ''Sauropus androgynus'' |binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Elmer Drew Merrill|Merr.]]<ref name=trop1>Under its currently accepted name of ''Sauropus androgynus'' (from its basionym ''Clutia androgyna'') this species was published in ''Bulletin of the Bureau of Forestry, Philippine Islands.'' [[Manila]] 1: 30. 1903. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/12800096 |title=Name - ''Sauropus androgynus'' (L.) Merr. |work=Tropicos |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location=[[Saint Louis, Missouri]] |quote=Basionym: ''Clutia androgyna'' L. |accessdate=November 18, 2012}}</ref> |synonyms = {{Collapsible list | {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; | * ''Aalius androgyna'' {{Au|(L.) [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]}} * ''A.&nbsp;lanceolata'' {{Au|([[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]]) Kuntze}} * ''A.&nbsp;oblongifolia'' {{Au|(Hook.f.) Kuntze}} * ''A.&nbsp;retroversa'' {{Au|([[Robert Wight|Wight]]) Kuntze}} * ''A.&nbsp;sumatrana'' {{Au|([[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]) Kuntze}} * ''Agyneia ovata'' {{Au|[[Jean Louis Marie Poiret|Poir.]]}} * ''Andrachne ovata'' {{Au|[[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]] ex Poir.}} * ''Clutia androgyna'' {{Au|L.}} ([[basionym]]) * ''Phyllanthus acidissimus'' {{Au|[[Francisco Noronha|Noronha]]}} (''nom inval.'') * ''P.&nbsp;speciosus'' {{Au|Noronha}} (''nom inval.'') * ''P.&nbsp;strictus'' {{Au|[[William Roxburgh|Roxb.]]}} * ''Sauropus albicans'' {{Au|[[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]}} * ''S.&nbsp;a.'' var. ''gardnerianus'' {{Au|(Wight) [[Johannes Müller Argoviensis|Müll.Arg.]]}} * ''S.&nbsp;a.'' var. intermedius'' {{Au|Müll.Arg.}} * ''S.&nbsp;a.'' var. zeylanicus'' {{Au|(Wight) Müll.Arg.}} * ''S.&nbsp;convexus'' {{Au|[[Johannes Jacobus Smith|J.J.Sm.]]}} * ''S.&nbsp;gardnerianus'' {{Au|Wight}} * ''S.&nbsp;indicus'' {{Au|Wight}} * ''S.&nbsp;lanceolatus'' {{Au|Hook.f.}} * ''S.&nbsp;macranthus'' {{Au|[[Celestino Fernández-Villar|Fern.-Vill.]]}} (''[[Nomen illegitimum|nom illeg.]]'') * ''S.&nbsp;oblongifolius'' {{Au|Hook.f.}} * ''S.&nbsp;parviflorus'' {{Au|[[Ferdinand Albin Pax|Pax]] & [[Käthe Hoffmann|K.Hoffm.]]}} * ''S.&nbsp;retroversus'' {{Au|Wight}} * ''S.&nbsp;scandens'' {{Au|[[Charles Budd Robinson|C.B.Rob.]]}} * ''S.&nbsp;sumatranus'' {{Au|Miq.}} * ''S.&nbsp;zeylanicus'' {{Au|Wight}} }} }} |synonyms_ref = <ref name=trop2>The basionym of ''S.&nbsp;androgynus'' (''Clutia androgyna'') was originally described and published in ''Mantissa Plantarum'' 1: 128. 1767. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50057103 |title=Name - ''Clutia androgyna'' L. |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |location=Saint Louis, Missouri |accessdate=November 18, 2012}}</ref><ref name=tpl>{{ cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-186394 |title=TPL, treatment of ''Sauropus androgynus'' |work=[[The Plant List]]; Version 1. (published on the internet) |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] and Missouri Botanical Garden |year=2010 |accessdate=November 18, 2012}}</ref> }} '''Katuk''' téh tutuwuhan perdu, daunna bisa disayur, tumuwuh di dataran nu péndék sarta di pagunungan (tempat anu caian sarta iuh), jangkungna ngahontal 2–3 m, tumuwuh lempeng ka luhur régang dipinuhan daun anu tumuwuh selang-seling dina watangna.<ref name=sumber1>{{en}} [http://www.herbsarespecial.com.au/free-herb-information/sweet-leaf.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928152133/http://www.herbsarespecial.com.au/free-herb-information/sweet-leaf.html |date=2017-09-28 }}</ref> Katuk nyaéta salah sahiji, sayuran daun anu pangpopulérna ti [[India]] ka [[Malaysia]]. Ieu merlukeun perhatian sarta budidaya di [[Australia]], alatan mangrupa salah sahiji anu pang produktifna. Dina panalungtikan di Malaysia, ngahasilkeun katuk pér héktarna, ngaleuwihan kabéh sayuran séjénna.<ref name=sumber1 /> Utamana populér minangka potherb gourmet di [[Indonésia]], katuk dipelak di lolobana [[Asia Tenggara]].<ref name=sumber2>{{id}} [http://www.leafforlife.org/PAGES/HONORABL.HTM#aa340] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114114107/https://www.leafforlife.org/PAGES/HONORABL.HTM#aa340 |date=2025-01-14 }}</ref> Kandungan dina daunna nyaéta 7% protéin sarta pohara gedé dina [[beta-karoten]], [[vitamin C]], [[kalsium]], [[at beusi]] sarta [[magnésium]].<ref name=sumber2 /> ==Pikeun Ubar== Héjo kolot warna daunna ngandung [[klorofil]] anu mangrupa méré mangpaat pikeun sirkulasi, flora peujit, sarta pikeun defekasi nu teratur.<ref name=sumber1 /> Saban pepelakan jeung kandungan [[gizi]] anu luhur, kawas daunna nu amis, anu mantuan pikeun détoksifikasi awak, nyaéta bisa ogé dipaké diét.<ref name=sumber1 /> Sarta ngandung [[kalium]], [[mineral]] anu mibanda loba mangpaat pikeun kaséhatan. ==Kuliner== Di [[Asia Wétan]], katuk biasana jadi pepelakan nu aya di buruan imah-imah, bisa dijieun kadaharan kalayan anu pohara gedé gunana bisa jadi bahan olahan [[sandwich]] di sababaraha wewengkon nu ditambahan jeung bahan kadaharan nu séjénna.<ref name=sumber1 /> Jalma-jalma anu néangan [[protein]] tapi nu sumberna lain tina [[daging]] sarta mibanda kandungan nu beunghar vitamin, mineral, sarta serat baris manggihan yén ayana dina katuk, nu kandungan gizina ogé luhur sarta ngeunah didahar.<ref name=sumber1 /> Balukarna tina ngonsumsi katuk sacara teratur karasa ku awak jelema baris leuwih hampang karasana kana awak ti batan ngonsumi daging.<ref name=sumber1 /> ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} {{pondok}} [[Kategori:Sayuran]] d3l5tbbyk61zk6z3c4ent3nszftwotq 0 62453 712515 653031 2026-09-05T02:20:08Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = Bangkok |official_name = Krung Thep Maha Nakhon |native_name = กรุงเทพมหานคร |nickname = |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Bangkok montage 2.jpg |image_size = 400px |image_caption = Dina arah jarum jam: Wewengkon bisnis [[Si Lom]] – [[Sathon]], [[Wat Arun]], [[Giant Swing]], [[Victory Monument (Bangkok)|Victory Monument]], jeung [[Wat Phra Kaew]] |image_flag =Flag of Bangkok.svg |flag_size = |image_seal = Seal_Bangkok.png |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = 450px |map_caption = Lokasi Bangkok di Thailand |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map =Thailand <!-- Location ------------------> |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_region = TH |subdivision_type = [[Daftar negara di dunia|Negara]] |subdivision_name = [[Thailand]] <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[Pembagian administratif Thailand|Daerah administratif khusus]] |leader_title = [[Bangkok Metropolitan Administration|Governor]] |leader_name = M.R. [[Sukhumbhand Paribatra]] |established_title = Dibentuk |established_date = [[Kerajaan Ayutthaya|Periode Ayutthaya]] |established_title2 = Dibentuk sebagai ibu kota |established_date2 = 21 April 1782 |established_title3 = |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 1568.737 |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = 7761.50 |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = Januari 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 9,100,000 |population_density_km2 = 5801 |population_metro = 11,971,000 |population_density_metro_km2 = 1542.36 |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_blank2_title=[[Demonym]] |population_blank2=Bangkokian <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = Thailand |utc_offset = +7 |latd=13|latm=45|lats=8|latNS=N |longd=100|longm=29|longs=38|longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use tags--> |elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = +66-2 |blank_name = [[ISO 3166-2:TH|ISO 3166-2]] |blank_info = TH-10 |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = http://city.bangkok.go.th |footnotes =}} '''Bangkok''' (Thailand: '''กรุงเทพฯ''', '''กรุงเทพมหานคร '''atawa '''Krung Thep''', '''Krung Thep Maha Nakhon''')({{Audio|Th-Krung Thep Maha Nakhon.ogg|กรุงเทพมหานคร}}) nyaéta [[Puseur dayeuh|ibu kota]] jeung kota panggedéna di [[Thailand]]. Kota ieu ayana di sisi kulon tina Walungan Chao Phraya, deukeut Teluk Thailand. Bangkok nyaéta hiji kota anu tumuwuh panggancangna, sarta dinamis ékonomi jeung masarakat anu maju di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Kota ieu terus ngembang jadi puseur regional nu nandingan [[Singapura]] jeung [[Hong Kong]], tapi masih mibanda masalah dina séktor infrastruktur jeung sosial salaku hasil tina tumuwuhna nu gancang. Bangkok geus lila jadi jalan asup pikeun investor asing anu hayang manggihan pasar anyar di Asia. Kota ieu ogé dicatet minangka salah sahiji kota di dunya nu laju pangwangunan gedong jangkungna panggancangna. Beunghar dina situs budaya, nyieun Bangkok minangka salah sahiji nu pang populerna jadi tujuan wisata di dunya. Propinsi Bangkok mibada wates jeung genep propinsi séjénna: Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Chachoengsao, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon jeung Nakhon Pathom. == Tempo ogé == * [[Palabuan Udara Internasional Bangkok]] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tumbu luar == * [http://www.bma.go.th/ Bangkok Metropolitan Administration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200720/http://www.bma.go.th/ |date=2007-09-27 }} * [http://www.bangkoktourist.com Bangkok Pariwisata Division] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512184003/http://www.bangkoktourist.com/ |date=2017-05-12 }} * [http://www.ebangkok.org/busmapsearch.htm Bangkok Interaktif Bus Map]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://traffic.longdo.com/ Bangkok Live Traffic Map (Longdo Lalu Lintas)] * (Basa Inggris) [https://web.archive.org/web/20051210173510/http://www.tourismthailand.org/destinationguide/list.aspx?provinceid=1 Loka resmi pariwisata] [[Kategori:Thailand]] [[Kategori:Ibu kota nagara di Asia]] 9olyssyu82bq43z3al9hk7rrqbqr8gz 0 71832 712513 675989 2026-09-05T01:50:07Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712513 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asinan Bogor''' nyaéta salah sahiji kadaharan has nu asalna ti daérah [[Bogor]], [[Jawa Kulon]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indonesiakaya.com/jelajah-indonesia/detail/kesegaran-asinan-bogor-yang-menggugah-selera|title=Kesegaran Asinan Bogor yang Menggugah Selera {{!}} IndonesiaKaya.com - Eksplorasi Budaya di Zamrud Khatulistiwa|last=Kaya|first=Indonesia|website=IndonesiaKaya|accessdate=2017-10-13}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129135311/http://www.indonesiakaya.com/jelajah-indonesia/detail/kesegaran-asinan-bogor-yang-menggugah-selera |date=2016-11-29 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://info-bogor.com/asinan-bogor-kuliner-khas-bogor/|title=Asinan Bogor, Kuliner Khas Bogor {{!}} InfoBogor|website=info-bogor.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-10-13}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105022314/http://info-bogor.com/asinan-bogor-kuliner-khas-bogor/ |date=2017-11-05 }}</ref> Asinan téh mangrupa kadaharan nu eusina potongan bungbuahan atawa sayur-sayuran du dipidangkeun maké kuah tina campuran [[cabé beureum]], [[cuka]], [[gula]], [[Uyah (kimia)|uyah]], jeung samara séjénna.<ref name=":0" /> Asinan bogor miboga rasa nu amis, haseum, jeung lada, seger pisan, komo mun dipidangkeun tiis-tiis.<ref name=":1" /> Kiwari asinan bogor téh lain ngan saukur aya di Bogor, tapi geus sumebar ka sakuliah Jawa Kulon kitu deui [[Jakarta]].<ref name=":0" /> Kadaaran ieu biasana dijual maké roda atawa aya ogé nu miboga tempat matuh.<ref name=":1" /> Biasana bisa kapanggih ditempat oléh-oléh Bogor atawa disisi jalan gé kiwari mah geus loba nu jualan.<ref name=":1" /> Dingaranan asinan téh pédah cara nyieunna nu maké prosés ''[[pangacaran]]'' atawa ngaasinkeun kadaharan ku cara maké uyah, jeung cuka supaya haseum.<ref name=":1" /> == Jenis asinan == === Asinan buah === Nyaéta asinan nu eusina potongan bungbuahan.<ref name=":0" /> Asinan buah mangrupa hasil campuran sababraha rupa bungbuahan, kawas [[bangkuang]], [[gedang]], [[hui]], [[ganas]], buah, [[jambu aér]] jeung [[kadongdong]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Kadang ogé mun keur usumna mah sok maké campuran buah [[kemang]], [[jambu batu]], [[salak]] jeung [[canar]].<ref name=":1" /> Ari kuahna mah sarua waé jeung asinan séjénna.<ref name=":1" /> === Asinan sayur === Nyaéta asinan nu eusina rupa-rupa sayuran.<ref name=":0" /> Biasana mah eusina téh [[Pecalungan, Batang|pecay]] nu geus diasinkeun, [[togé]], [[Wotel|wortel,]] [[bonténg]], [[kubis]], [[antanan]], [[kucay]] jeung [[tahu]].<ref name=":1" /> Kuahna mah sarua jeung asinan séjénna, ngan pédah eusina ieu mah rupa-rupa sayuran.<ref name=":1" /> === Asinan campur === Asinan campur téh eusina campuran potongan [[Buah|bungbuahan]] jeung [[Sayur|sayur-sayuran]].<ref name=":1" /> Ku kitu deui kuahna, sarua maké kuah nu asalna tina campuran cabé beureum, gula, uyah cuka jeung samara séjénna.<ref name=":1" /> == Cara nyieunna == Pikeun nyieun asinan bogor téh babari, cukup sadiakeun bahan-bahan nu dibutuhkeun, saperti sayur-sayuran atawa bungbuahan nu geus dipotongan. Mimitina, golakkeun cabé beureum pikeun kuahna. Cabé nu geu digolakkeun tuluy dilemeskeun jeung campuran [[udang]] luetik atawa ''ebi'', [[gula bodas]], jeung cuka saluyu jeung kahayang. Campuran éta tuluy ditambahan cai. Sanggeus jadi kuahna, karék sayur-sayuran atawa bungbuahan nu geus meunang motongan diabuskeun kana kuah, dikocék nepi ka rata, antepkeun nepi ka samara kuahna nyerep. == Rujukan == <references />{{pondok}} [[Kategori:Kadaharan Indonésia]] 4vs6ocu44uj0ebdmhnprm0nihq6ivg1 0 103208 712527 626382 2026-09-05T11:39:28Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox| color = lightgreen | name = Lavénder | image =Image:Lavandula-angustifolia-flowering.JPG | image_size = 250px | image_caption = | regnum = Plantae | divisio =Angiospermae | classis =Eudikotil | ordo =asterid | familia =Lamiaceae | genus = Lavandula | species = L.angustifolia | binomial =Lavandula angustifolia | binomial_authority = | synonyms ={{Collapsible list |Lavandula officinalis Chaix ex Vill. |Lavandula pyrenaica DC |Lavandulavera DC. |Lavandula pyrenaica DC|Lavandulavera DC. ||}}}} '''Lavénder'''; '''lavendel'''; '''''Lavandula''''' nyaéta hiji tutuwuhan anu asalna tina kulawarga [[Lamiaceae]]. Ieu [[génus]] [[tutuwuhan kembangan]] anu di jerona mibanda 25-30 spésiés. Tutuwuhan pituin ti wewengkon [[Laut Tengah]] nepika [[Afrika]] tropis ka wétanna nepika [[India]]. Genus ieu ngawengku ''perennials'' atawa tutuwuhan nahun, kagolongkeun kana sabangsaning [[jukut]], rungkun pendek. <ref name=”Cla”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=3n8KkOb9ZuYC&pg=PA137&dq=lavandula+angustifolia&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmuLeHo8D1AhXjSWwGHexDCWU4HhDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=lavandula%20angustifolia&f=false| title =Clarke, BSc, PhD| last =Clarke, BSc, PhD| first =Sue | publisher =Elsevier Health Sciences| location =British Library catalogu | year =2009|ISBN=9780443104039|pages =137}} Disungsi20 Januari 2022</ref> Tutuwuhan ieu ogé sumebar di [[kapuloan Canaria]], [[Afrika]] Kalér jeung Wétan, [[Éropa]] Kidul (utamana [[Prancis]] Kidul), [[Arabia]], jeung [[India]]; loba di antarana tumuwuh kalawan lega sarta dibudidayakeun di iklim sedeng salaku tutuwuhan hias, bahan kuliner, jeung ékstrak [[minyak]] ''atsiri'' pikeun tujuan komérsial.<ref name=”Cla”/> Tutuwuhan ieu mindeng kapanggih tumuwuh liar di wewengkon luareun wewengkon asalna.<ref name=”Cla”/> == Ciri mandiri== [[Génus]] ieu kalebet pepelakan taunan sakapeung ngan sausum, sareng sapertos rungkun, dapuran atawa rungkun alit. <ref name=”Cla”/> Wangun daunna béda-béda. Sababaraha spésiés anu biasa dibudidayakeun nyaéta daun anu sederhana; batur '' pinnately toothed '', atawa '' pinnate '', sakapeung '' sababaraha pinnate ''. <ref name=”Cla”/> Spésiés ''Lavandula'' (Labiatiae, syn. Lamiaceae) utamana dipelak pikeun diala minyak atsiri na, anu dimangpaatkeun pikeun bahan minyak seungit, kosmétik , ubar 'aromaterapi' jeung sajabana. <ref name=”Lis”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books/about/Lavender.html?hl=id&id=TmvkY60iESkC#v=onepage&q=lavandula&f=false| title =Lis-Balchin| last =Lis-Balchin| first =Maria | publisher =CRC Press| location =NewDelhi| year =2002|ISBN=9780203216521|pages =2}} Disungsi19 Januari 2022</ref> ==Guna jeung mangpaat == Kembangna anu garing ogé geus dipaké saprak jaman baheula dina bantal, dibungkus pikeun marengan saré sarta rélaksasi. <ref name=”Lis”/> Loba tutuwuhan lavénder ogé dijual salaku tutuwuhan pakarangan atawa; ieu ngawengku: L. latifolia, L. pinnata, L. lanata, L. dentata ogé L. stoechas sarta loba deui kultivarna. minyak Lavénder, sulingan tina L. angustifolia ieu dipaké sacara éksténsif /lega dina jaman Victoria salaku parfum sarta dilarapkeun dina rupa-rupa produk kosmétik, tapi ayeuna dipaké utamana dina kombinasi kalayan minyak atsiri séjén ''aromachemicals'' (kimia) . <ref name=”Lis”/> Spésiés ieu sareng seueur hibrida / ''kultivar'', contona, Lavandin 'grosso' asalna tumuwuh di Kidul [[Perancis]], tapi ayeuna tumuwuh ampir di sakumna dunya.<ref name=”Lis”/> Minyak lavénder anu asli, utamana diwangun ku ''linalool'' sareng ''linalyl'' ''acetate'', gaduh komposisi anu béda-béda pisan kusabab ''instabilitas'' génetikna pepelakan anu ngahasilkeun minyak sareng variasi kusabab suhu, kuantitas [[cai]], luhurna (mdpl), gemuk, lilana melak, kaayaan géografis, jeung sajabana. <ref name=”Lis”/> Komposisi [[kimia]] ogé béda-béda dina seueur hibrida, anu ngahasilkeun pepelakan anu langkung ageung kalayan ngahasilkeun minyak atsiri anu langkung seueur sareng ku kituna dipelak langkung sering.<ref name=”Lis”/> [[Minyak atsiri]] Lavénder sering dicampurkeun sareng [[minyak]] sanés atanapi sababaraha fraksi asal pepelakan anu ngandung ''linalool'' sareng ''linalyl'' asétat, atanapi sareng komponén sintétik, atanapi minyak asli tiasa disintésis. <ref name=”Lis”/> ''Aromatherapists'' boga anggapan [[minyak]] anu dihasilkeun tina L. angustifolia éta anu paling gedé mangpaat, babarengan jeung ''kultivar'' séjén anu tumuwuh liar di dataran luhur; tapi dugi ka ayeuna bukti ilmiah ngeunaan ieu anggapan kurang cukup, kitu deui sareng sadaya akon-akon (klaim) ubar anu dilakukeun, lian ti kamungkinan éfék santai umum saatos ''inhalasi'', anu dihasilkeun tina sistem ''limbik''.<ref name=”Lis”/> == Galeri == <gallery> File :Lavandula-angustifolia-flowering.JPG|Bunga lavender ''Lavandula angustifolia''. File:Single lavender flower02.jpg|Bunga Lavender. File :lavender-flowers.jpg|thumb|Bunga Lavender. File :Topped lavender.jpg|Lavender jambul. File :Plateau de valensole1.JPG|Dataran tinggi Valensole, Prancis selatan, pada bulan Juli. </gallery> == Tutumbu ka luar == * {{en}}[http://www.mediterraneangardensociety.org/plants/Lavandula.html the genus ''Lavandula'' - mediterranean climate gardening throughout the world] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060125085657/http://www.mediterraneangardensociety.org/plants/Lavandula.html |date=2006-01-25 }}. Termasuk informasi tentang berbagai spesies dan jenis-jenis yang dikembangkan. * {{en}}[http://www.selfsufficientish.com/lavender.htm "Selfsufficientish - Lavender ''Lavandula'' - Labiatae family"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120141336/https://www.selfsufficientish.com/lavender.htm |date=2022-01-20 }}. Termasuk manfaat sebagai obat, informasi menanam, dan resep. {{Taxonbar|from=Q171892}} ==Dicutat tina== {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Lamiaceae]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan industri]] [[Kategori:Tutuwuhan ubar ]] [[Kategori:Kembang]] {{pondok}} cslbkru6p3wlpbiysr9p30abfg0hyyx 0 106946 712514 697515 2026-09-05T02:12:01Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = Bandar Udara Chitose Anyar | nativename = Sapporo/Bandar Udara Chitose Anyar | nativename-a = 新千歳空港 | nativename-r = Shin-Chitose Kūkō | image = Shinchitose Airport Terminal Building.JPG | image-width = 200 | caption = | IATA = CTS | ICAO = RJCC | type = Public | owner = | operator = Kementerian Perhubungan Jepang (lapangan udara)<br />Hokkaidō Airport Terminal Co., Ltd. (terminal) | city-served = [[Sapporo]] metropolitan area | location = [[Chitosé, Hokkaidō|Chitosé]] and [[Tomakomai, Hokkaidō|Tomakomai]] | elevation-f = 70 | latd = 42 | latm = 46 | lats = 31 | latNS = N | longd= 141 | longm= 41 | longs= 33 | longEW= E | coordinates_region = JP | pushpin_map = Japan | pushpin_label = CTS | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = New Chitose Airport in Japan | website = | metric-rwy = Y | r1-number = 01R/19L | r1-length-m = 3,000 | r1-surface = [[Aspal]]/[[Beton]] | r2-number = 01L/19R | r2-length-m = 3,000 | r2-surface = Aspal/Beton | r3-number = 18R/36L<ref name="rwycab">18R/36L and 18L/36R are part of [[Chitose Air Base]] and operated by the [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force]]</ref> | r3-length-m = 2,700 | r3-surface = Beton | r4-number = 18L/36R<ref name="rwycab"/> | r4-length-m = 4,000 | r4-surface = Aspal | stat-year = 2007 | stat1-header = Panumpang internasional | stat1-data = 949.532 | stat2-header = Panumpang domestik | stat2-data = 15.503.128 | stat3-header = Jumlah | stat3-data = 16,452,660 | footnotes = Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (Japan)<ref name="A">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000042058.pdf |title=New Chitose Airport Briefcase |access-date=2012-06-29 |archive-date=2012-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421053536/http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000042058.pdf |dead-url=yes }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421053536/http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000042058.pdf |date=2012-04-21 }}</ref> }} {{nihongo|'''Bandar Udara Chitosé Anyar'''|新千歳空港|Shin-Chitose Kūkō}} {{Airport codes|CTS|RJCC}} nyaéta bandara anu perenahna di [[Chitosé, Hokkaido]], [[Jepang]] kalawan kodeu [[IATA]] '''CTS'''. Ieu bandara ngalayanan wilayah métropolitan [[Sapporo]] jeung [[Préféktur Hokkaido]] ilaharna. == Maskapai == {{Airport-dest-list |3rdcoltitle = Terminal |[[AirAsia Japan]] | Tokyo-Narita [mimiti 1 Agustus 2012]<ref>http://www.btimes.com.my/articles/20120530210826/Article/{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | Domestik |[[Air China]] | Béijing-Ibu Kota | Internasional |[[All Nippon Airways]] | Fukuoka, Hakodaté, Kobé, Kushiro, Memambetsu, Nagoya-Centrair, Nakashibetsu, Osaka-Itami, Osaka-Kansai, Sendai, Tokyo-Hanéda, Tokyo-Narita, Wakkanai <br /> '''Seasonal''': Matsuyama, Okayama, Rishiri | Doméstik |[[Cathay Pacific]] | Hong Kong | Internasional |[[China Airlines]] | Taipéi-Taoyuan | Internasional |[[China Eastern Airlines]] | Shanghai-Pudong | Internasional |[[China Southern Airlines]] | Dalian | Internasional |[[Condor Flugdienst]] | Frankfurt | Internasional |[[Eastar Jet]] | Seoul-Incheon | Internasional |[[Eurowings]] | Düsseldorf | Internasional |[[EVA Air]] | Taipéi-Taoyuan | Internasional |[[Finnair]] | Helsinki-Vantaa | Internasional |[[Fuji Dream Airlines]] | Shinshu-Matsumoto, Shizuoka | Doméstik |[[Hawaiian Airlines]] | Honolulu [mimiti 1 Nopémber 2012]<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://investor.hawaiianairlines.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=82818&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1693746&highlight= | title=Hawaiian Adds Sapporo as Fourth Japan Gateway | publisher=Hawaiian Airlines | date=May 9, 2012 | accessdate=May 9, 2012 | location=Honolulu }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120710110135/http://investor.hawaiianairlines.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=82818&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1693746&highlight= |date=July 10, 2012 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Juni 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | Internasional |[[Hokkaido Internasional Airlines]] | Fukushima, Komatsu, Niigata, Sendai, Tokyo-Hanéda, Toyama | Doméstik |[[Hong Kong Airlines]]| '''Seasonal''': Hong Kong | Internasional |{{nowrap|[[Hong Kong Express Airways]]}} | Hong Kong | Internasional |[[Japan Airlines]] | Akita, Aomori, Fukuoka, Iwate-Hanamaki, Hiroshima, Kobé, Memanbetsu, Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Itami, Osaka-Kansai, Sendai, Tokyo-Haneda, Tokyo-Narita, Yamagata | Doméstik |[[Jetstar Japan]]| Tokyo-Narita [mimiti 3 Juli] | Doméstik |[[Jin Air]] | Seoul-Incheon | Internasional |[[Korean Air]] | Busan, Seoul-Incheon | Internasional |[[La Compagnie]] | Paris-Charles de Gaulle | Internasional |[[Peach (airline)|Peach]] | Osaka-Kansai | Doméstik |[[SAT Airlines]] | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk <br /> '''Seasonal''': Khabarovsk | Internasional |[[Skymark Airlines]] | Asahikawa, Kobé, Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai,<ref>http://www.skymark.co.jp/ja/company/investor/120124_press_schedules.pdf</ref> Tokyo-Haneda, Tokyo-Narita | Doméstik |[[Thai Airways Internasional]] | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi [mimiti 30 Oktober 2012] | Internasional |[[UNI Air]] | Kaohsiung | Internasional |[[United Airlines]] | Guam | Internasional |[[Wizz Air]] | Warsaw-Chopin | Internasional }} == Galéri == <gallery> Image:CTS airport diagram.png|Diagram bandara. Penerbangan sipil maké landasan pacu paralél anu aya di tenggara, sedengkeun militér JASDF maké landasan pacu paralél anu aya di kalér-kulon. Image:New CHITOSE Airport terminal.jpg|Terminal bandar udara Chitosé Anyar. </gallery> == Rujukan == {{reflist}} == Tutumbu luar == * [http://www.new-chitose-airport.jp/language/english/ New Chitose Airport Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616185538/http://www.new-chitose-airport.jp/language/english/ |date=2006-06-16 }} {{Bandar udara di Jepang}} [[Kategori:Bandar udara di Jepang|Chitose Baru]] [[Kategori:Transportasi di Hokkaido]] df9en21wbnjn7cccu3870s1413xlk0x 0 107707 712517 703823 2026-09-05T03:05:35Z InternetArchiveBot 25926 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 712517 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bongsang Pj DSC 3811.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Bongsangjang mungkus buah]] '''Bongsang''' nyaéta wadah kawas karinjang anu bisa dijingjing sarta dijieun tina [[awi tali]] beunang nganyam carang. <ref name=”Hel”/> Bongsang remen katempo dipaké ngawadahan goréng tahu sumedang, ku kituna katelah waé tahu bongsang. <ref name=”Su”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=NrVVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51&dq=bongsang,+keranjang+bambu&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPk9mA6d2RAxUf4TgGHfvuDFsQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=bongsang%2C%20keranjang%20bambu&f=false| title =Kamus bahasa Cirebon Sudjana| last = Sudjana| first =T. D| publisher =Humaniora Utama Press| location =Jakarta| year =2005|ISBN=9789799231383|pages =94}} Disungsi 27 Desember 2025</ref> <ref name=”Hel”/> Dipaké ogé ku tukang peuyeum sampeu gantung, hui cilembu, tukang hayam, mungkus pentil buah léngkéng, jeung sajabana. <ref name=”Hel”>{{Cite book| url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TaZTorFZ0HsC&pg=PA201&dq=bongsang&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwit-cyTu9uRAxUE2TgGHYeiD4EQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=bongsang&f=false| title =Meraup Untung dari Usaha CamilanHeliana, Lucia Priandarinl, Syari Puspita | last =Heliana, Lucia Priandarinl, Syari Puspita | first =Endah | publisher =TransMedia Pustaka| location =Jakarta| year =2007|ISBN=9789797990510|pages =201}} Disungsi 26 Desember 2025</ref> Ukuran sarta wangunna bongsang béda-béda gumantung kana dipaké ngawadahan naon éta bongsang engkena. [[File:Tahu sumedang dalam keranjang.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Bongsang tahu]] ==Sajarah== Saméméh kantong tina bahan [[plastik]] loba dipaké mangsa kiwari, bongsang geus aya ti baheula kénéh geus dipaké pikeun ngawadahan rupa-rupa barang. <ref name=”Su”/> Kayaning bungbuahan, beubeutian, peuyeum, [[areng]] , sarta daging kurban mun pareng nincak lebaran haji. <ref name=”Bet”/> Sanajan kadieu nakeun kalindih ku kantong plastik, tapi bongsang tetep masih dipaké nepi ka kiwari sagigireun hargana murah tur henteu matak ngaruksak sarta ngotoran lingkungan ogé mangrupa ciri mandiri pikeun produk budaya lokal. <ref name=”Bet”>{{Cite web| url =https://www.senibudayabetawi.com/9688/bongsang-kemasan-ramah-lingkungan-khas-betawi.html| date =2023-01-17| accessdate =27/12/2025| work =Betawi}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106110112/https://www.senibudayabetawi.com/9688/bongsang-kemasan-ramah-lingkungan-khas-betawi.html |date=2026-01-06 }}</ref> ==Dicutat tina == {{reflist |2 }} {{pondok}} [[Kategori :Parabot]] [[Kategori :wawadahan]] lke7h0h05apkduydp5j2katg71gd6x5 2 108840 712505 712504 2026-09-04T13:49:15Z Pijri Paijar 27067 712505 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn Banner.png|thumb|Banner proyek Bulan Wiki Junghuhn]]|center|1em|banner kegiatan]] {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="margin-bottom: 0;" |- style="white-space: nowrap;" | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Tepas'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Artikel|<span style="color:#006699">'''Artikel'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Pamilon|<span style="color:#006699">'''Pamilon'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Obrolan Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Sawala'''</span>]] |}<br> <div style="font-family:Trebuchet MS"> {{Cquote|{{Lorem ipsum|short}}|author=[[author]]}} </div><br> {{Infobox |above = Bulan Wiki Junghuhn |headerstyle = background:#d5efff |labelstyle = text-align:start |subheader = Kagiatan ngédit artikel daring |image = [[File:logo.svg|220px|logo kegiatan]] |header1 = Info |label2 = Ringkesan |data2 = {{Lorem ipsum|line}} |label4= Titimangsa |data4 = 15 September - 31 October 2026 |header5 = Kontak |label6 = |data6 = [[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Pijri Paijar}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Hasnanf}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Akbar Soepadhi}} |header7 = <!--Organizer--> |label8 = |data8 = <!--Komunitas Wikimedia Ciwidey-Cimahi--> }} {{Lorem ipsum|4}} ==Tujuan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|1}} ==Cara miluan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} ==Daftar artikel== {{Div col|2}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Géologi|Geology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Vulkanologi|Vulcanology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Botani|Botany}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Kawah Putih}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Topografi|Topography}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Gunung Tangkuban Parahu|Tangkuban Perahu}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Lémbang, Bandung Kulon|Lembang}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Junghuhnia}} {{Div col end}} <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> </div> ==Penyelenggara== <div style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: large;">'''Sukarelawan Wikipédia Sunda Ciwidey-Cimahi'''</div> k0miqqkw0v4rwoup63xe9njoiikfwm7 712506 712505 2026-09-04T13:49:37Z Pijri Paijar 27067 ←Ngabolaykeun révisi [[Special:Diff/712505|712505]] ku [[Special:Contributions/Pijri Paijar|Pijri Paijar]] ([[User talk:Pijri Paijar|Obrolan]]) 712506 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:logo.svg|center|1em|banner kegiatan]] {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="margin-bottom: 0;" |- style="white-space: nowrap;" | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Tepas'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Artikel|<span style="color:#006699">'''Artikel'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Pamilon|<span style="color:#006699">'''Pamilon'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Obrolan Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Sawala'''</span>]] |}<br> <div style="font-family:Trebuchet MS"> {{Cquote|{{Lorem ipsum|short}}|author=[[author]]}} </div><br> {{Infobox |above = Bulan Wiki Junghuhn |headerstyle = background:#d5efff |labelstyle = text-align:start |subheader = Kagiatan ngédit artikel daring |image = [[File:logo.svg|220px|logo kegiatan]] |header1 = Info |label2 = Ringkesan |data2 = {{Lorem ipsum|line}} |label4= Titimangsa |data4 = 15 September - 31 October 2026 |header5 = Kontak |label6 = |data6 = [[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Pijri Paijar}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Hasnanf}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Akbar Soepadhi}} |header7 = <!--Organizer--> |label8 = |data8 = <!--Komunitas Wikimedia Ciwidey-Cimahi--> }} {{Lorem ipsum|4}} ==Tujuan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|1}} ==Cara miluan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} ==Daftar artikel== {{Div col|2}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Géologi|Geology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Vulkanologi|Vulcanology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Botani|Botany}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Kawah Putih}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Topografi|Topography}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Gunung Tangkuban Parahu|Tangkuban Perahu}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Lémbang, Bandung Kulon|Lembang}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Junghuhnia}} {{Div col end}} <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> </div> ==Penyelenggara== <div style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: large;">'''Sukarelawan Wikipédia Sunda Ciwidey-Cimahi'''</div> tjrw08hgffuz1o9n08kz5v1gq02hdpf 712507 712506 2026-09-04T13:53:18Z Pijri Paijar 27067 712507 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <gallery mode="packed" heights="300px"> File:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn Banner.png </gallery> {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="margin-bottom: 0;" |- style="white-space: nowrap;" | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Tepas'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Artikel|<span style="color:#006699">'''Artikel'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Pamilon|<span style="color:#006699">'''Pamilon'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Obrolan Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Sawala'''</span>]] |}<br> <div style="font-family:Trebuchet MS"> {{Cquote|{{Lorem ipsum|short}}|author=[[author]]}} </div><br> {{Infobox |above = Bulan Wiki Junghuhn |headerstyle = background:#d5efff |labelstyle = text-align:start |subheader = Kagiatan ngédit artikel daring |image = [[File:logo.svg|220px|logo kegiatan]] |header1 = Info |label2 = Ringkesan |data2 = {{Lorem ipsum|line}} |label4= Titimangsa |data4 = 15 September - 31 October 2026 |header5 = Kontak |label6 = |data6 = [[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Pijri Paijar}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Hasnanf}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Akbar Soepadhi}} |header7 = <!--Organizer--> |label8 = |data8 = <!--Komunitas Wikimedia Ciwidey-Cimahi--> }} {{Lorem ipsum|4}} ==Tujuan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|1}} ==Cara miluan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} ==Daftar artikel== {{Div col|2}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Géologi|Geology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Vulkanologi|Vulcanology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Botani|Botany}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Kawah Putih}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Topografi|Topography}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Gunung Tangkuban Parahu|Tangkuban Perahu}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Lémbang, Bandung Kulon|Lembang}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Junghuhnia}} {{Div col end}} <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> </div> ==Penyelenggara== <div style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: large;">'''Sukarelawan Wikipédia Sunda Ciwidey-Cimahi'''</div> cq4elpac7ohjtl10tkpkd68loh99a9h 712508 712507 2026-09-04T14:03:02Z Pijri Paijar 27067 712508 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <gallery mode="packed" heights="300px"> File:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn Banner.png </gallery> {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="margin-bottom: 0;" |- style="white-space: nowrap;" | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Tepas'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Artikel|<span style="color:#006699">'''Artikel'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Pamilon|<span style="color:#006699">'''Pamilon'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Obrolan Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Sawala'''</span>]] |}<br> <div style="font-family:Trebuchet MS"> {{Cquote|{{Lorem ipsum|short}}|author=[[author]]}} </div><br> {{Infobox |above = Bulan Wiki Junghuhn |headerstyle = background:#d5efff |labelstyle = text-align:start |subheader = Kagiatan ngédit artikel daring |image = [[File:Logo Bulan Wiki Junghuhn transparan - 03.png|220px|logo kegiatan]] |header1 = Info |label2 = Ringkesan |data2 = {{Lorem ipsum|line}} |label4= Titimangsa |data4 = 15 September - 31 October 2026 |header5 = Kontak |label6 = |data6 = [[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Pijri Paijar}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Hasnanf}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Akbar Soepadhi}} |header7 = <!--Organizer--> |label8 = |data8 = <!--Komunitas Wikimedia Ciwidey-Cimahi--> }} {{Lorem ipsum|4}} ==Tujuan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|1}} ==Cara miluan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} ==Daftar artikel== {{Div col|2}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Géologi|Geology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Vulkanologi|Vulcanology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Botani|Botany}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Kawah Putih}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Topografi|Topography}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Gunung Tangkuban Parahu|Tangkuban Perahu}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Lémbang, Bandung Kulon|Lembang}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Junghuhnia}} {{Div col end}} <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> </div> ==Penyelenggara== <div style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: large;">'''Sukarelawan Wikipédia Sunda Ciwidey-Cimahi'''</div> qcouujad7j4x2j8espf9ft0tskqftll 712509 712508 2026-09-04T14:10:35Z Pijri Paijar 27067 712509 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <gallery mode="packed" heights="300px"> File:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn Banner.png </gallery> {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="margin-bottom: 0;" |- style="white-space: nowrap;" | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Tepas'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Artikel|<span style="color:#006699">'''Artikel'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Pamilon|<span style="color:#006699">'''Pamilon'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Obrolan Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Sawala'''</span>]] |}<br> <div style="font-family:Trebuchet MS"> {{Cquote|Ngaguar Élmu, Ngarawat Alam, Nyepeng Basa.|author=Anonim}} </div><br> {{Infobox |above = Bulan Wiki Junghuhn |headerstyle = background:#d5efff |labelstyle = text-align:start |subheader = Kagiatan ngédit artikel daring |image = [[File:Logo Bulan Wiki Junghuhn transparan - 03.png|220px|logo kegiatan]] |header1 = Info |label2 = Ringkesan |data2 = {{Lorem ipsum|line}} |label4= Titimangsa |data4 = 15 September - 31 October 2026 |header5 = Kontak |label6 = |data6 = [[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Pijri Paijar}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Hasnanf}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Akbar Soepadhi}} |header7 = <!--Organizer--> |label8 = |data8 = <!--Komunitas Wikimedia Ciwidey-Cimahi--> }} {{Lorem ipsum|4}} ==Tujuan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|1}} ==Cara miluan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} ==Daftar artikel== {{Div col|2}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Géologi|Geology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Vulkanologi|Vulcanology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Botani|Botany}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Kawah Putih}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Topografi|Topography}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Gunung Tangkuban Parahu|Tangkuban Perahu}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Lémbang, Bandung Kulon|Lembang}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Junghuhnia}} {{Div col end}} <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> </div> ==Penyelenggara== <div style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: large;">'''Sukarelawan Wikipédia Sunda Ciwidey-Cimahi'''</div> fjoo2u02at20o3x3ie9rvtm3pllipo8 712510 712509 2026-09-04T14:25:30Z Pijri Paijar 27067 712510 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <gallery mode="packed" heights="300px"> File:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn Banner.png </gallery> {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="margin-bottom: 0;" |- style="white-space: nowrap;" | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Tepas'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Artikel|<span style="color:#006699">'''Artikel'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Pamilon|<span style="color:#006699">'''Pamilon'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Obrolan Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Sawala'''</span>]] |}<br> <div style="font-family:Trebuchet MS"> {{Cquote|Ngaguar Élmu, Ngarawat Alam, Nyepeng Basa.|author=Anonim}} </div><br> {{Infobox |above = Bulan Wiki Junghuhn |headerstyle = background:#d5efff |labelstyle = text-align:start |subheader = Kagiatan ngédit artikel daring |image = [[File:Logo Bulan Wiki Junghuhn transparan - 03.png|220px|logo kegiatan]] |header1 = Info |label2 = Ringkesan |data2 = {{Lorem ipsum|line}} |label4= Titimangsa |data4 = 15 September - 31 October 2026 |header5 = Kontak |label6 = |data6 = [[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Pijri Paijar}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Hasnanf}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Akbar Soepadhi}} |header7 = <!--Organizer--> |label8 = |data8 = <!--Komunitas Wikimedia Ciwidey-Cimahi--> }} Anjeun apal yén Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn, naturalis légéndaris ti Jérman, kacida bogohna ka Parahyangan nepi ka milih meunangkeun napas panungtungna di suku Gunung Jayagiri, Lémbang? Inohong atawa élmuwan anu dijulukan "Humboldt ti Jawa" ieu teu ukur hasil ngabudidayakeun tangkal kina nepi ka nyalametkeun jutaan nyawa tina panyakit malaria, tapi ogé jadi jalma kahiji anu metakeun gunung-gunung seuneu di Jawa kalawan wincik ngaliwatan sudut pandang sastrawan sarta élmuwan. ==Tujuan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|1}} ==Cara miluan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} ==Daftar artikel== {{Div col|2}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Géologi|Geology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Vulkanologi|Vulcanology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Botani|Botany}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Kawah Putih}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Topografi|Topography}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Gunung Tangkuban Parahu|Tangkuban Perahu}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Lémbang, Bandung Kulon|Lembang}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Junghuhnia}} {{Div col end}} <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> </div> ==Penyelenggara== <div style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: large;">'''Sukarelawan Wikipédia Sunda Ciwidey-Cimahi'''</div> s080kdm7grhq4fh2acw1wzr5m49xm0t 712511 712510 2026-09-04T14:32:16Z Pijri Paijar 27067 712511 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <gallery mode="packed" heights="300px"> File:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn Banner.png </gallery> {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="margin-bottom: 0;" |- style="white-space: nowrap;" | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Tepas'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Artikel|<span style="color:#006699">'''Artikel'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn/Pamilon|<span style="color:#006699">'''Pamilon'''</span>]] | style="width: 5px; background: transparent;" | | style="width: 15em; border-top: .5em #006699 solid; background: #d5efff; padding: 10px; text-align: center; " |[[Obrolan Wikipédia:Bulan Wiki Junghuhn|<span style="color:#006699">'''Sawala'''</span>]] |}<br> <div style="font-family:Trebuchet MS"> {{Cquote|Ngaguar Élmu, Ngarawat Alam, Nyepeng Basa.|author=Anonim}} </div><br> {{Infobox |above = Bulan Wiki Junghuhn |headerstyle = background:#d5efff |labelstyle = text-align:start |subheader = Kagiatan ngédit artikel daring |image = [[File:Logo Bulan Wiki Junghuhn transparan - 03.png|220px|logo kegiatan]] |header1 = Info |label2 = Ringkesan |data2 = {{Lorem ipsum|line}} |label4= Titimangsa |data4 = 15 September - 31 October 2026 |header5 = Kontak |label6 = |data6 = [[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Pijri Paijar}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Hasnanf}}<br>[[File:Bullet-grey.png|5px]] {{u|Akbar Soepadhi}} |header7 = <!--Organizer--> |label8 = |data8 = <!--Komunitas Wikimedia Ciwidey-Cimahi--> }} Anjeun apal yén Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn, naturalis légéndaris ti Jérman, kacida bogohna ka Parahyangan nepi ka milih meunangkeun napas panungtungna di suku Gunung Jayagiri, Lémbang? Inohong atawa élmuwan anu dijulukan "Humboldt ti Jawa" ieu teu ukur hasil ngabudidayakeun tangkal kina nepi ka nyalametkeun jutaan nyawa tina panyakit malaria, tapi ogé jadi jalma kahiji anu metakeun gunung-gunung seuneu di Jawa kalawan wincik ngaliwatan sudut pandang sastrawan sarta élmuwan. Bulan Wiki Junghuhn aya minangka inisiasi gerakan nulis kolaboratif di proyék Wikipédia basa Sunda pikeun ngarakit deui carita, papanggihan, sarta tapak lacak sajarah Junghuhn langsung dina basa indung masarakat Parahyangan. Proyék ieu lain saukur nambahan akumulasi artikel, tapi ogé jadi sasak digital anu ngahubungkeun warisan sains abad ke-19 jeung generasi ngora Sunda kiwari. ==Tujuan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|short}} *{{Lorem ipsum|1}} ==Cara miluan== {{Lorem ipsum|short}} ==Daftar artikel== {{Div col|2}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Géologi|Geology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Vulkanologi|Vulcanology}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Botani|Botany}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Kawah Putih}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Topografi|Topography}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Gunung Tangkuban Parahu|Tangkuban Perahu}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Lémbang, Bandung Kulon|Lembang}} # {{Tarjamahkeun artikel|Junghuhnia}} {{Div col end}} <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> </div> ==Penyelenggara== <div style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: large;">'''Sukarelawan Wikipédia Sunda Ciwidey-Cimahi'''</div> omz80mb1rixvft86g8r4iqyto47x6a6