Wikipedia suwiki https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Média Husus Obrolan Pamaké Obrolan pamaké Wikipedia Obrolan Wikipedia Gambar Obrolan gambar MédiaWiki Obrolan MédiaWiki Citakan Obrolan citakan Pitulung Obrolan pitulung Kategori Obrolan kategori Portal Obrolan portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 33816 712804 711656 2026-09-22T09:44:15Z Faizi123456 37449 /* */ 712804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country |conventional_long_name = Sri Wijaya |common_name = Sriwijaya |native_name = Kadatuan Sriwijaya |continent = pindah ti Kategori:Asia ka Asia Tenggara |region = Asia Tenggara (Asia Kidul Wétan) |country = Republik Indonésia |religion = [[Buda Mahayana]], [[Animismeu]] jeung [[Hindu]] |p1 = Kantoli |p2 = Sailéndra |s1 = Dharmasraya |s2 = Karaijaan Singapura |year_start = 650 |year_end = 1377 |date_start = |date_end = |event_start = Ékspédisi jeung ékspansi Dapunta Hyang, ([[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]]) |event_end = Taluk ka [[Singasari]] 1288, [[Majapait]] mungkas baruntakna Sriwijaya taun 1377 |image_coat = |symbol_type = |image_map = Srivijaya Empire.svg |image_map_caption = Lega maksimeum Kakaisaran Sriwijaya kurang leuwih abad ka-8 kalayan runtuyan ékspédisi jeung ékspansina |capital = * [[Palémbang]] <br/> * Jawa Tengah (mangsa [[Sailéndra]] awal) * [[Chaiya]] (ibu kota régional) * [[Jambi]] (mangsa katompérnakeun) |common_languages = [[Malayu Buhun]], [[Sangsakerta]] |government_type = Karajaan |title_leader = Maharaja |leader1 = Jayanasa |year_leader1 = Kira-kira taun 683 |leader2 = Dharmasetu |year_leader2 = Kira-kira taun 775 |leader3 = Samaratunga |year_leader3 = Kira-kira taun 792 |leader4 = Balaputra |year_leader4 = Kira-kira taun 835 |leader5 = [[Sri Culamanivarmadeva]] |year_leader5 = Kira-kira taun 988 |currency = Koin emas jeung perak murni |category= |today = {{flag|Indonesia}}<br>{{flag|Malaysia}}<br>{{flag|Philippines}}<br>{{flag|Singapore}}<br>{{flag|Thailand}} |footnotes = }} '''Sriwijaya''' (atawa disebut ogé '''Srivijaya'''; Thai: ศรีวิชัย atawa "Ṣ̄rī wichạy") nyaéta salah sahiji kamaharakaan maritim anu kungsi ngadeg di [[pulo]] [[Sumatera]] jeung loba méré pangaruh di [[Nusantara]] kalawan wewengkon kakawasaanna ti [[Kamboja]], [[Thailand]] [[Kidul]], Semenanjung Malaya, [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], jeung basisir [[Kalimantan]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=Les inscriptions malaises de Çrivijaya|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient (BEFEO) |year=1930|volume=30||issue=||pages=29-80}}</ref><ref name="end">{{cite book |last=Munoz|first=Paul Michel|title=Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|year=2006|location=Singapore|url=https://archive.org/details/earlykingdomsofi0000muno|doi= |id= ISBN 981-4155-67-5}}</ref> Dina [[basa]] Sansekerta, ''sri'' artina "gurilap" atawa "burinyay", jeung ''wijaya'' artina "menang" atawa "kajayaan",<ref name="end" /> ku kituna ngaran Sriwijaya boga makna "kajayaan anu gumilang". Bukti munggaran ngeunaan ayana karajaan ieu asalna ti [[abad ka-7]]; saurang pandita ti [[Tiongkok]] I Tsing, nuliskeun yén anjeunna datang ka Sriwijaya [[taun]] [[671]] jeung dumuk salila [[6]] [[bulan]].<ref>Gabriel Ferrand, (1922), ''L’Empire Sumatranais de Crivijaya'', Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, “Textes Chinois”</ref><ref name="Takakusu">Junjiro Takakusu, (1896), ''A record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago AD 671-695, by I-tsing'', Oxford, London.</ref> Salajengna prasasti nu pangkolotna ngeunaan Sriwijaya ogé dina [[abad ka-7]], nyaéta [[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] di Palembang, taun [[682]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Casparis |first=J.G.|authorlink=Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis|title=Indonesian palaeography: a history of writing in Indonesia from the beginnings to C. A, Part 1500 |year=1975 |publisher=E. J. Brill |id=ISBN 90-04-04172-9 }}</ref> Mundurna pangaruh Sriwijaya ka wewengkon handapna dimimitian ku sabab sababaraha perang <ref name="end" /> di antarana serangan ti raja Dharmawangsa Teguh ti [[Jawa]] di taun [[990]], jeung taun [[1025]] serangan Rajendra Chola I ti Koromandel, salajengna taun [[1183]] kakawasaan Sriwijaya di handap pangaruh karajaan Dharmasraya.<ref name="Muljana">{{cite book |last=Muljana|first=Slamet|authorlink=Slamet Muljana|title= Sriwijaya|url=https://archive.org/details/Sriwijaya|editor= F.W. Stapel|publisher=PT. LKiS Pelangi Aksara|year=2006 |location= |pages=|id=ISBN 978-979-8451-62-1 }}</ref><ref name="Suwarno">{{Citation | last =Suwarno| first = Suwarno| coauthors =P.J.| year = 1993| title =Pancasila budaya bangsa Indonesia: penelitian Pancasila dengan pendekatan, historis, filosofis & sosio-yuridis kenegaraan|page=18|location=Jakarta| publisher =Kanisius| isbn =9789794139677| Url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=x-A0wy95LUQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=budaya&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB3OyS66_oAhXKyTgGHZwZBesQ6AEIUTAG#v=onepage&q=budaya&f=false}}</ref> Sanggeus runtag, karajaan ieu dipohokeun jeung éksisténsina dipikanyaho liwat publikasi taun [[1918]] ti ahli [[sajarah]] [[Perancis]] Géorge Cœdés ti ''École française d'Extrême-Orient''.<ref name="Cœdés">{{cite journal |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=Le Royaume de Çriwijaya|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient|year=1918|volume=18||issue=6||pages=1-36}}</ref> == Catetan [[sajarah]] == Euweuh catetan leuwih jero ngeunaan Sriwijaya dina [[sajarah]] [[Indonesia]]; Ingetan nu kapopohokeun diwangun deui ku sarjana asing. euweuh urang [[Indonesia]] modérn anu nguping ngeunaan Sriwijaya nepi taun [[1920]]-an, nalika sarjana [[Perancis]] Géorge Cœdés ngawanohkeun pamanggihna dina koran [[basa Walanda]] jeung [[basa Indonesia]].<ref name="TAYLOR">{{cite book |last=Taylor|first=Jean Gelman|title=Indonesia: Peoples and Histories|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2003 |location= New Haven and London|url=https://archive.org/details/indonesia00jean|doi= |pages=|id= ISBN 0-300-10518-5}}</ref> Coedés ngebrehkeun yén referensi Tiongkok ka "San-fo-ts'i", sateuacanna dibaca "Sribhoja", sarta sababaraha [[prasasti]] dina [[basa]] Malayu Kuna ngarujuk ka kaisar nu sarua.<ref>{{cite book |last=Krom|first=N.J.|chapter= Het Hindoe-tijdperk |title= Geschiedenis van Nederlandsch Indië|editor= F.W. Stapel|publisher=N.V. U.M. Joost van den Vondel|year=1938 |location= Amsterdam|url= |doi= |pages= vol. I p. 149|id= }}</ref> Sriwijaya jadi perlambang kaagungan [[Sumatera]] awal, jeung karajaan badag [[Nusantara]] iwal Majapahit di [[Jawa]] Wétan. Dina [[abad ka-20]], dua karajaan éta jadi referensi ku kaom nasionalis pikeun nunjukkeun yén [[Indonésia]] mangrupa hiji nagara sateuacan [[Hindia Walanda]].<ref name="TAYLOR"/> Sriwijaya disebut ku sababaraha ngaran. Urang Tionghoa nyebutna ''Shih-li-fo-shih'' atawa ''San-fo-ts'i'' atawa ''San Fo Qi''. Dina basa Sansekerta jeung Pali, karajaan Sriwijaya disebut ''Yavadesh'' jeung ''Javadeh''. Bangsa Arab nyebutna ''Zabaj'' jeung Khmer nyebutna ''Malayu''. Loba ngaran mangrupa alesan séjén kunaon Sriwijaya hésé kapanggih.<ref name="end" /> Iwal ti peta Claudius Ptolemaeus kapanggih katerangan ngeunaan ayana 3 [[pulo]] ''Sabadeibei'' nu mungkin aya pakaitna jeung Sriwijaya.<ref name="Muljana"/> Dina taun [[1993]], Pierre-Yves Manguin ngalakukeun ''observasi'' jeung méré sawangan yén puseur Sriwijaya ayana di ''Sungai'' Musi antara Bukit Seguntang jeung Sabokingking (nu ayana di provinsi [[Sumatera]] Kidul kiwari).<ref name="end" /> Namung sateuacanna Soekmono nyawang yén puseur Sriwijaya ayana di wewengkon sehiliran Batang Hari, antara Muara Sabak nepi ka Muara Tembesi (di provinsi [[Jambi]] kiwari),<ref name="Muljana"/> kalawan catetan Karajaan Melayu teu di kawasan eta, lamun Malayu di kawasan éta, condong ka pamadegan Moens,<ref name="Soekmono2">{{cite book |last=Soekmono|first=R.|authorlink=Soekmono |title=Pengantar sejarah kebudayaan Indonesia 2|year=2002 |publisher=Kanisius |id=ISBN 979-413-290-X }}</ref> anu sateuacanna oé geus boga sawangan yén puseur karajaan Sriwijaya aya di kawasan [[Candi]] Muara Takus (provinsi [[Riau]] kiwari), kalawan asumsi nunjuk ka lalampahan dina catetan I Tsing,<ref name="Poesponegoro">Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro, Nugroho Notosusanto, (1992), ''Sejarah nasional Indonesia: Jaman kuna'', PT Balai Pustaka, ISBN 979-407-408-X</ref> sarta hal ieu bisa ogé dikaitkeun jeung warta ngeunaan diadegkeunna candi nu disembahkeun ku raja Sriwijaya (''Se li chu la wu ni fu ma tian hwa'' atawa Sri Cudamaniwarmadewa) taun [[1003]] ka kaisar [[Cina]] anu dingaranan ''cheng tien wan shou'' ([[Candi]] Bungsu, salah sahiji bagéan [[candi]] nu ayana di Muara Takus).<ref>''Forgotten Kingdoms in Sumatra'', Brill Archive</ref> Namung nu pasti dina mangsa kakawasaan Rajendra Chola I, dumasar prasasti Tanjore, Sriwijaya puseur dayeuhna di ''Kadaram'' (Kedah kiwari).<ref name="Muljana"/> == Pangwangunan jeung Kamekaran == Teu acan aya bukti fisik ngeunaan Sriwijaya anu kapanggih.<ref name="TAYLOR"/> Karajaan ieu jadi puseur niaga jeung mangrupa nagara maritim, namung karajaan ieu teu ngagedéan kakawasaana si luar wilayah kapuloan [[Asia Tenggara]]. Sababaraha ahli masih madungdengkeun kawasan nu jadi puseur pamaréntahan Sriwijaya, salian éta mungkin karajaan ieu biasa mindahkeun puseur pamaréntahanna, namung kawasan nu jadi puseur dayeuh angger diparéntah langsung ku pangawasa, sedengkeun wewengkon pangrojongna diparentah ku dātu. [[Gambar:Candi Gumpung Muarojambi.jpg|left|thumb|[[Candi]] Gumpung, [[candi]] Buddha di Muaro Jambi, Karajaan Melayu anu ditaklukeun ku Sriwijaya.]] [[Gambar:Chaiya Wat Kaew.jpg|left|thumb|Puing Wat ([[Candi]]) Kaew anu asalna ti zaman Sriwijaya di Chaiya, [[Thailand]] Selatan.]] [[Gambar:Borobudur Northwest View.jpg|left|thumb|[[Candi]] Borobudur, pangwangunanna diréngsékeun di masa Samaratungga]] Kakaisaran Sriwijaya geus aya ti [[671]] saluyu jeung catetan I Tsing, di prasasti Kedukan Bukit di taun [[682]] dipikanyaho imperium ieu di handap kapamingpinan Dapunta Hyang. Di [[abad ka-7]] ieu, urang Tionghoa nyatet yén aya [[2|dua]] karajaan nyaéta ''Malayu'' jeung ''Kedah'' jadi bagéan kamaharajaan Sriwijaya.<ref name="end" /> Dumasar prasasti Kota Kapur anu angkana taun [[686]] kapanggih di pulo Bangka, kamaharajaan ieu geus ngawasa bagéan kidul [[Sumatera]], [[pulo]] Bangka jeung Belitung, nepi ka [[Lampung]]. [[Prasasti]] ieu ogé nyabutkeun yén Sri Jayanasa geus nyieun ekspedisi militer keur ngahukum ''Bhumi [[Jawa]]'' anu teu babakti ka Sriwijaya, kajadian ieu babarengan jeung runtagna [[Tarumanagara]] di [[Jawa Kulon]] jeung Holing (Kalingga) di [[Jawa Tengah]] nu kamungkinan sabab serangan Sriwijaya. Sriwijaya mekar jeung bisa ngandalikeun jalur paniagaan mariti di Selat Malaka, [[Selat Sunda]], Laut [[China]] Kidul, Laut [[Jawa]], jeung Selat Karimata. Ekspansi karajaan ieu ka Jawa jeung Semenanjung Malaya, ngajadikeun Sriwijaya ngontrol dua puseur paniagaan utama di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Dumasar observasi, kapanggih sésa [[candi]]-[[candi]] Sriwijaya di [[Thailand]] jeung [[Kamboja]]. Di [[abad ka-7]], palabuan Cham di beulah wetan Indochina mulai ngalihkeun loba padagang ti Sriwijaya. Keur nyegah hal éta, Maharaja Dharmasetu nyieun serangan ka dayeuh-dayeuh basisir Indochina. Dayeuh Indrapura di sisi sungai Mekong, di mimiti [[abad ka-8]] aya di handap kakawasaan Sriwijaya. Sriwijaya neruskeun dominasi ka [[Kamboja]], nepi raja Khmer Jayawarman II, nu ngadegkeun imperium Khmer, megatkeun hubungan jeung Sriwijaya di [[abad]] nu sarua.<ref name="end" /> Di ahir [[abad ka-8]] karajaan di [[Jawa]] Holing aya di handap kakawasaan Sriwijaya. Nurutkeun catetan, dina mangsa éta ogé wangsa Sailendra migrasi ka [[Jawa Tengah]] jeung boga kawasa di dinya. Di abad ieu oge, Langkasuka di semenanjung Melayu jadi bagéan karajaan.<ref name="end" /> Di masa salajengna, Pan Pan jeung Trambralinga, nu ayana di beulah kalér Langkasuka, ogé aya di handap pangaruh Sriwijaya. Sanggeus Dharmasetu, Samaratungga jadi panerus karajaan. Anjeunna ngawasa dina périodeu [[792]] nepi [[835]]. Teu jiga Dharmasetu nu ekspansionis, Samaratungga teu ngalakukeun ekspansi militer, namung leuwih milih keur nguatkeun pangawasaan Sriwijaya di [[Jawa]]. Salila masa kapamingpinanna, anjeunna ngawangun [[Candi]] Borobudur di [[Jawa Tengah]] nu réngsé di taun [[825]].<ref name="end" /> == Agama == [[Gambar:Muara Takus temple.jpg|thumb|[[Candi]] Muara Takus, salah sahiji kawasan anu dianggep salaku puseur dayeuh Sriwijaya.]] Salaku puseur pangajaran Buddha Vajrayana, Sriwijaya ngirut loba paziarah jeung sarjana ti [[nagara]]-[[nagara]] [[Asia]]. Antarana nyaéta pandita ti Tiongkok I Tsing, anu ngalakukeun kunjungan ka [[Sumatera]] dina lalampahan studina di Universitas Nalanda, [[India]], di taun [[671]] jeung [[695]], I Tsing ngalaporkeun yén Sriwijaya jadi imah keur sarjana Buddha nepi ka jadi puseur pangajaran [[agama]] Buddha. Sémah anu datang ka [[pulo]] ieu nyebatkeun yén koin [[emas]] geus digunakeun di basisir karajaan. Salian ti ajaran Buddha aliran, Buddha Hinayana jeung Buddha Mahayana ogé ngilu mekar di Sriwijaya. Nepi ka ahir [[abad ka-10]], ''Atiśa'', saurang sarjana Buddha asal Benggala anu boga peran dina ngamekarkeun Buddha Vajrayana di Tibet dina kertas gawéna ''Durbodhāloka'' nyebutkeun ditulis dina mangsa pamarétahan Sri Cudamani Warmadewa pangawasa ''Sriwijayanagara'' di ''Malayagiri'' di ''Suvarnadvipa''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1996|id=ISBN 0-8248-0368-X}}</ref> Karajaan Sriwijaya loba dipangaruhan ku [[budaya]] [[India]], mimitina ku [[budaya]] [[Hindu]] salajengna diturut ku agama Buddha. Raja-raja Sriwijaya ngawasaan kapuloan Melayu ngaliwatan niaga jeung naklukeun ti [[abad ka-7]] nepi [[abad ka-9]], sacara langsung ngilu ngembangkeun [[basa]] Melayu sarta kabudayaanna di [[Nusantara]]. <blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:45%; margin:0 0em 1em .25em; float:right; padding: 10px; display:table; margin-left:10px;">".... loba raja jeung pamingpin anu aya di pulo-pulo di Laut Kidul percaya jeung ngajén Buddha, dihaté aranjeunna geus kapelak kahadéan. Di jero benteng dayeuh Sriwijaya dipinuhan leuwih ti [[1000]] biksu Buddha, anu diajar kalawan tekun jeung ngamalkeunna kalawan hadé...Lamun biarawan [[China]] hayang ka [[India]] keur diajar “Sabda”, leuwih hadé aranjeunna dumuk heula di dieu salila sataun atawa dua taun keur neuleuman élmuna sateuacan dilanjutkeun di [[India]]".<p style="text-align: right;">— Gambaran Sriwijaya nurutkeun I Tsing.<ref name="Takakusu"/></blockquote> Mungkin ogé yén Sriwijaya nu kamahsyur salaku bandar puseur paniagaan di [[Asia Tenggara]], tangtu waé ngirut minat padagang jeung ulama [[muslim]] ti Timur Tengah, nepi ka sababaraha karajaan nu mimitina mangrupa bagéan Sriwijaya, salajengna tumuwuh jadi cikal-bakal karajaan-karajaan [[Islam]] di [[Sumatera]], nalika lemahna pangaruh Sriwijaya.<ref name="end" /> Aya sumber nu nyebutkeun, ku sabab pangaruh [[muslim]] Arab anu loba datang jeung niaga di Sriwijaya, ku kituna saurang raja Sriwijaya anu ngaranna Sri Indrawarman di taun [[718]] disebutkeun yén anjeunna asup [[Islam]] <ref>{{cite book |first=H. Zainal Abidin |last=Ahmad|title=Ilmu politik Islam V, Sejarah Islam dan Umatnya sampai sekarang|publisher=Bulan Bintang|year=1979}}</ref> atawa sahenteuna kairut keur diajar [[Islam]] jeung kabudayaan Arab, nepi ka mungkin kahirupan sosial Sriwijaya nyaéta masarakat sosial anu di jerona aya masarakat Buddha jeung [[Muslim]] sakaligus. Kacatet sababaraha kali raja Sriwijaya ngirim surat ka khalifah [[Islam]] di Damaskus, [[Suriah]]. Dina salah sahiji naskah surat anu ditujukeun ka khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz ([[717]]-[[720]]) eusina paménta ka khalifah sangkan ngirimkeun da’i ka istana Sriwijaya.<ref name="Prof">{{cite book |last=Prof. Dr. Azyumardi Azra, MA.,|title=Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII & XVIII|publisher=Mizan|year=1994|location=Jakarta}}</ref> == [[Budaya]] == Dumasar sababaraha sumber [[sajarah]], hiji masarakat anu kompleks jeung kosmopolitan anu dipangaruhan ku alam pikir Buddha Wajrayana digambarkeun mekar di puseur dayeuh Sriwijaya. Sababaraha prasasti Siddhayatra [[abad ka-7]] saperti [[Prasasti]] Talang Tuwo ngagambarkeun ritual Buddha anu ngaberkatan kajadian pinuh berkah nyaéta peresmian Taman Sriketra, anugerah Maharaja Sriwijaya keur rahayatna. [[Prasasti Telaga Batu]] ngagambarkeun karumitan jeung tingkatan jabatan pajabat karajaan, iwal ti éta [[Prasasti]] Kota Kapur nyebutkeun kagagahan balatentara Sriwijaya di handap [[Jawa]]. Sakabéh [[prasasti]] éta ngagunakeun [[Basa]] Melayu Kuno, [[basa]] anu digunakeun ku Sriwijaya nyaéta leluhur [[Basa]] Melayu jeung [[Basa Indonesia]] modérn. Ti [[abad ka-7]], [[basa]] Melayu Kuno geus digunakeun di [[Nusantara]] ditandaan kalawan kapanggihna sababaraha [[prasasti]] Sriwijaya jeung sababaraha [[prasasti]] [[basa]] Melayu Kuno di tempat séjén, saperti anu kapanggih di [[pulo Jawa]]. Hubungan dagang anu dilakukeun salaku bangsa [[Nusantara]] jadi wahana nyebarkeun [[basa]] Melayu, ku sabab [[basa]] ieu jadi alat [[komunikasi]] keur kaom padagang. Ti dinya, [[basa]] Melayu jadi ''lingua franca'' sarta digunakeun sacara luas ku loba panutur di kapuloan [[Nusantara]].<ref>[http://melayuonline.com/eng/researcher/dig/16/bambang-budi-utomo Melayu Online: Bambang Budi Utomo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005220517/http://melayuonline.com/eng/researcher/dig/16/bambang-budi-utomo |date=2011-10-05 }}</ref> Sanajan disebut mibanda kakuatan [[ekonomi]] jeung kaperkasaan militer, Sriwijaya ngan ninggalkeun saeutik patilasan purbakala di jajantung nagarana di [[Sumatera]], béda jeung episode Sriwijaya di [[Jawa Tengah]] nalika kapamingpinan wangsa Syailendra anu loba ngawangun monumen badag; saperti [[Candi]] Kalasan, [[Candi]] Sewu, jeung Borobudur. [[Candi]]-[[candi]] Buddha anu asalna ti masa Sriwijaya di [[Sumatera]] di antarana [[Candi]] Muaro [[Jambi]], [[Candi]] Muara Takus, jeung Biaro Bahal, tatapi teu saperti [[candi]] périodeu [[Jawa Tengah]] anu dijieun ti [[batu]] [[andesit]], [[candi]] di [[Sumatera]] dijieun ti bata [[beureum]]. Sababaraha arca sipatna Buddhisme, saperti sababaraha [[arca]] Buddha jeung Bodhisatva Awalokiteswara kapanggih di Bukit Seguntang, Palembang<ref>[http://www.epalembang.com/lang/en/travel-tourism/landmarks/bukit-siguntang/ Bukit Siguntang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304222750/http://www.epalembang.com/lang/en/travel-tourism/landmarks/bukit-siguntang/ |date=2012-03-04 }}</ref>, Jambi<ref>Titik Temu, Jejak Peradaban di Tepi Batanghari, Photograph and artifact exhibition of Muara Jambi Archaeological site, Bentara Budaya Jakarta, 9-11 November 2006</ref>, Bidor, Perak,<ref>[http://exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg/kaalachakra/art_and_Architecture1.htm KaalaChaKra, Early Indian Influences in Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720113310/http://exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg/kaalachakra/art_and_Architecture1.htm |date=2011-07-20 }}</ref> jeung Chaiya<ref>[http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/Srivijaya-7th-13th-Century/Avalokitesvara-figure-from-the-Srivijaya-Period-found-in-Chaiya-Thailand-9th-10th-century-bronze/6680daf37df64243a2cf59d12ea94fb0?key=%20Bangkok%20Thailand&thumb=x150&num=15&page=14 Bridgeman: Avalokitesvara figure from the Srivijaya Period, found in Chaiya, Thailand, 9th-10th century (bronze)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930092211/http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/Srivijaya-7th-13th-Century/Avalokitesvara-figure-from-the-Srivijaya-Period-found-in-Chaiya-Thailand-9th-10th-century-bronze/6680daf37df64243a2cf59d12ea94fb0?key=%20Bangkok%20Thailand&thumb=x150&num=15&page=14 |date=2011-09-30 }}</ref>. Sakabéh arca-arca ieu nampilkeun kaagrengan jeung langgam nu sarua saperti "Seni Sriwijaya" atawa "Langgam/Gaya Sriwijaya" anu nembongkeun kamiripan ku langgam Amarawati India jeung langgam Syailendra Jawa (di [[abad ka-8]] nepi [[abad ka-9]]).<ref>[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=183 Srivijaya Art In Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707103338/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=183 |date=2006-07-07 }}</ref> == Paniagaan == Di dunya paniagaan, Sriwijaya jadi pangatur padagangan ti [[India]] jeung Tiondkok, nyaéta ngawasaan selat Malaka jeung [[selat Sunda]]. Urang [[Saudi Arabia|Arab]] nyatet yén Sriwijaya mibanda komoditas nu loba nyaéta kapur barus, kayu gaharu, cengkeh, pala, kapulaga, gading, [[emas]] sarta timah anu nyieun raja Sriwijaya sabeunghar raja-raja di [[India]]..<ref name="Poesponegoro"/> Kabeunghatan anu loba geus ngamungkinkeun Sriwijaya meuli kasetiaan vassal-vassalnya di sakabéh [[Asia Tenggara]]. Salian ngajalin hubungan dagang jeung [[India]] sarta Tiongkok, Sriwijaya ogé ngajalin paniagaan jeung taneuh Arab, ngamungkinkeun utusan Maharaja Sri Indrawarman anu nganteurkeun [[surat]] ka khalifah Umar bin Abdul-Aziz ti Bani Umayyah taun [[718]] balik deui ka Sriwijaya kalawan mawa hadian 'Zanji'' (budak wanita berkulit hitam), sarta ti kronik Tiongkok disebutkeun ''Shih-li-fo-shih'' kalawan rajana ''Shih-li-t-'o-pa-mo'' (Sri Indrawarman) di taun [[724]] ngirimkeun hadiah keur kaisar [[China]], mangrupa ''ts'engchi'' (maksudna sarua jeung ''Zanji'' dina basa Arab).<ref name="Azra">{{cite book |last=Azra|first=Azyumardi|authorlink=Azyumardi Azra|title=Islam in the Indonesian world: an account of institutional formation|publisher=Mizan Pustaka|year=2006|id= ISBN 979-433-430-8}}</ref> Dina mimiti [[abad ka-10]], di antara runtagna dinasti Tang jeung naékna dinasti Song, padagangan jeung luar [[nagara]] cukup ramé, utamana Fujian, Karajaan Min jeung Karajaan Nan Han kalawan [[nagara]] beungharna Guangdong. Sriwijaya meunang kauntungan ti padagangan ieu.<ref name="Azra" /> == Relasi jeung Kakuatan Regional == [[Gambar:Borom That Chaiya.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Pagoda Borom That gaya Sriwijaya di Chaiya, [[Thailand]].]] Keur nguatkeun posisina di luhun pangawasaan di kawasan di [[Asia Tenggara]], Sriwijaya ngajalin hubungan diplomasi kalawan Kaisar [[Cina]], jeung sacara kaatus nganteurkeun utusan jeung upeti.<ref>Oliver W. Wolters, (1967), ''Early Indonesian Commerce: a study of the origins of Śrīvijaya'', Cornell University Press, Ithaca.</ref> Dina mangsa awal Karajaan Khmer mangrupa daérah jajahan Sriwijaya. Loba ahli sajarah ngaklaim yén Chaiya, di provinsi Surat Thani, [[Thailand]] Kidul, salaku puseur dayeuh karajaan éta, pangaruh Sriwijaya katempo dina wangunan pagoda Borom That anu gayana Sriwijaya. Nepi ka runtagna Sriwijaya, Chaiya kabagi jadi tilu dayeuh nyaéta (Mueang) Chaiya, Thatong (Kanchanadit), jeung Khirirat Nikhom. Sriwijaya ogé deukeut jeung karajaan Pala di Benggala, dina [[prasasti]] Nalanda angkana [[860]] nyatet yén raja Balaputradewa ngadedikasikeun hiji biara ka Nalanda. Relasi jeung dinasti Chola ti kidul [[India]] ogé deukeut pisan, ti [[Prasasti]] Leiden disebatkeun yén raja Sriwijaya di ''Kataha'' Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman geus ngawangun hiji vihara anu dingaranan ku ''Vihara Culamanivarmma'', namung jadi goréng sanggeus Rajendra Chola I naék tahta anu ngalakukeun serangan di [[abad ka-11]]. Tuluy hubungan ieu balik deui ka mangsa Kulothunga Chola I, di dinya raja Sriwijaya di Kadaram ngirimkeun utusan nu ménta dikaluarkeunna bagéan ti dinasti Chola, ti kronik Tiongkok nyebutkeun yén Kulothunga Chola I (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') salaku raja San-fo-ts'i ngabantuan renovasi candi deukeut Kanton di taun [[1079]], dina mangsa dinasti Song [[candi]] ieu disebut ku ngaran ''Tien Ching Kuan'' jeung di mangsa dinasti Yuan disebut ku ngaran ''Yuan Miau Kwan''.<ref name="Muljana"/> == Mangsa Kaemasan == [[Gambar:Avalokiteçvara, Malayu Srivijaya style.jpg|left|thumb|[[Arca]] emas Avalokiteçvara gaya Malayu-Sriwijaya, kapanggih di Rantaukapastuo, Muarabulian, [[Jambi]], [[Indonésia]].]] Kamaharajaan Sriwijaya nyirikeun karajaan maritim, ngandelkeun hégemoni dina tanaga armada lautna dina ngawasaan alur palayaran, jalur padagangan, ngawasaan jeung ngawangun sababaraha kawasan stratégis salaku pangkalan armadana dina ngawas, ngalindungi kapal dagang, nagih cukai sarta keur ngajaga wilayah kadaulatan jeung kakawasaanna..<ref>{{cite book |last=Pramono|first=Djoko |title=Budaya bahari|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|year=2005|id=ISBN 979-22-1351-1}}</ref> [[Gambar:Borobudur ship.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Model kapal taun [[800-an|800-an Masehi]] anu aya dina candi Borobudur]] Dina catetan sajarah jeung bukti arkeologi, dina [[abad ka-9]] Sriwijaya geus ngalakukeun kolonisasi di sakabeh karajaan-karajaan [[Asia Tenggara]], antarana: [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], Semenanjung Malaya, [[Thailand]], [[Kamboja]], [[Vietnam]],<ref name="end" /> jeung [[Filipina]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rasul|first=Jainal D.|title=Agonies and Dreams: The Filipino Muslims and Other Minorities"|publisher=CARE Minorities|year=2003|location=Quezon City|url= |doi= |pages=pages 77|id=}}</ref> Dominasi di [[Selat Malaka]] jeung [[Selat Sunda]], ngajadikeun Sriwijaya salaku pangawas rute padagangan rempah jeung padagangan lokal anu meunang bayaran ti unggal kapal anu ngaliwat. Sriwijaya ngaakumulasikeun kabeungharanna salaku palabuan jeung gudang padagangan anu ngalayanan pasar Tiongkok jeung [[India]]. Sriwijaya ogé disebut boga peran ngaruntagkeun karajaan Medang di [[Jawa]], dina prasasti Pucangan disebutkeunn salaku kajadian ''Mahapralaya'' nyaéta kajadian runtagna istana Medang di [[Jawa Timur]], ''Haji Wurawari'' ti ''Lwaram'' anu kamungkinan mangrupa raja handapeun Sriwijaya, dina taun [[1006]] atawa [[1016]] nyerang jeung nyababkeun kabunuhna raja Medang pamungkas. Dharmawangsa Teguh.<ref name="Muljana"/> == Ambang Wates Sriwijaya == Taun [[1017]] jeung [[1025]], Rajendra Chola I, raja ti dinasti Chola di Pantai Koromandel, [[India]] kidul, ngirim ekspedisi [[laut]] keur nyerang Sriwijaya, dumasar [[prasasti]] Tanjore taun [[1030]], karajaan Chola geus naklukkeun wewengkon – wewengkon koloni Sriwijaya, sakaligus meunang ngalawan raja Sriwijaya nu boga kawasa dina mangsa éta Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman. Salila sababaraha dekade saterusna, sakabeh imperium Sriwijaya geus aya dina pangaruh dina Chola. Sanajan kitu Rajendra Chola I geus méré lolongkrang ka raja-raja anu ditaklukeunna keur tetep boga kawasa salila tetep taluk ka anjeunna.<ref>Sastri K. A. N., (1935). ''The Cholas''. University of Madras.</ref> Hal ieu bisa dipatalikeun jeung ayana warta utusanna ''San-fo-ts'i'' ka Cina taun [[1028]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kulke |first=H. |authorlink= |coauthors=Kesavapany, K.; Sakhuja, V.|title=Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |year=2009 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian |location= |id=ISBN 981-230-936-5 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;font-size:90%" !colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700;" | Kawasan Sriwijaya dina prasasti Tanjore |- ! Ngaran kawasan !! Katerangan |- | Pannai || Kerajaan Pannai |- | Malaiyur || Kerajaan Melayu |- | Mayirudingam || |- | Ilangasogam || Langkasuka |- | Mappappalam || |- | Mevilimbangam || |- | Valaippanduru || |- | Takkolam || |- | Madamalingam || Tambralingga |- | Ilamuri-Desam || Lamuri |- | Nakkavaram || Nikobar |- | Kadaram || Kedah |} Namung dina mangsa ieu Sriwijaya dianggep geus jadi bagéan ti dinasti Chola, ti kronik Tiongkok nyebutkeun yén dina taun [[1079]] Kulothunga Chola I (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') raja dinasti Chola disebut ogé salaku raja San-fo-ts'i, anu salajengna ngirimkeun utusan keur ngabantuan renovasi candi deukeut Kanton. Salajengna dina warta [[Cina]] anu judulna ''Sung Hui Yao'' disebutkeun yén karajaan San-fo-tsi dina taun [[1082]] masih ngirimkeun utusan dina mangsa Cina di handap pamaréntahan Kaisar Yuan Fong. Duta besar éta ogé nepikeun [[surat]] ti raja ''Kien-pi'' handapeun San-fo-tsi, anu mangrupa [[surat]] ti putri raja anu dipasrahkeun urusan nagara san-fo-tsi, sarta nyerahkeun [[227]] tahil perhiasan, rumbia, sarta 13 baju. Salajengna ogé ngirimkeun utusan di taun [[1088]].<ref name="end" /> Pangaruh invasi Rajendra Chola I, ka hegemoni Sriwijaya kalawan raja-raja handapeunna ngaheureutan, sababaraha daerah handapan ngaleupaskeun manéh, nepin ka muncul Dharmasraya salaku kakuatan anyar anu salajengna ngawasaan deui wilayah jajahan Sriwijaya mimiti ti kawasan Semenajung Malaya, [[Sumatera]], sampai [[Jawa]] bagian barat. Dumasar sumber Tiongkok dina buku ''Chu-fan-chi''<ref>{{cite book |last=Hirth |first=F. |authorlink= |coauthors=Rockhill, W.W. |title=Chao Ju-kua, His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteen centuries, entitled Chu-fan-chi |year=1911 |publisher=St Petersburg}}.</ref> anu ditulis di taun 1178, ''Chou-Ju-Kua'' ngajelaskeun yén di kapuloan [[Asia Tenggara]] aya dua karajaan anu kacida kuat sarta beunghar, nyaéta San-fo-ts'i jeung Cho-po ([[Jawa]]). Di [[Jawa]] anjeunna manggihan yén rahayatna ngagem [[agama]] Buddha jeung [[Hindu]], sedengkeun rahayat San-fo-ts'i ngagem Buddha, jeung boga 15 daerah handapan nyaéta; ''Si-lan'' ([[Kamboja]]), ''Tan-ma-ling'' (Tambralingga, Ligor, kidul [[Thailand]]), ''Kia-lo-hi'' (Grahi, Chaiya kiwari, kidul [[Thailand]]), ''Ling-ya-si-kia'' (Langkasuka), ''Kilantan'' (Kelantan), ''Pong-fong'' (Pahang), ''Tong-ya-nong'' (Terengganu), ''Fo-lo-an'' (muara sungai Dungun daerah Terengganu kiwari), ''Ji-lo-t'ing'' (Cherating, pantai timur semenanjung malaya), ''Ts'ien-mai'' (Semawe, pantai timur semenanjung malaya), ''Pa-t'a'' (Sungai Paka, pantai timur Semenanjung Malaya), ''Lan-wu-li'' (Lamuri di [[Aceh]]), ''Pa-lin-fong'' (Palembang), ''Kien-pi'' ([[Jambi]]), jeung sabagéan ''Sin-t'o'' ([[Sunda]]).<ref name="Muljana">Slamet Muljana, 2006, ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS.</ref><ref name="Soekmono2"/> Namung, istilah ''San-fo-tsi'' utamana dina taun [[1178]] teu identik jeung Sriwijaya, tatapi geus identik jeung jeung Dharmasraya, ti 15 nagara handapan San-fo-tsi éta mangrupa daptar jajahan karajaan Dharmasraya, sanajan sumber Tiongkok geus nyebatkeun San-fo-tsi salaku karajaan anu aya di kawasan laut Cina Selatan. Hal ieu kusabab dina Pararaton geus nyebutkeun Malayu, disebutkeun Kertanagara Raja Singhasari ngirim hiji ekspedisi Pamalayu atawa ''Pamalayu'', jeung saterusna mere Arca Amoghapasa ka raja Melayu, Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauli Warmadewa di kabupaten Dharmasraya sakumaha anu katulis dina prasasti Padang Roco. Kajadian ieu salajengna dihubungkeun jeung manuskrip anu aya di prasasti Grahi. Kitu ogé dina Nagarakertagama, anu ngadadarkeun ngeunaan daérah jajahan Majapahit anu geus teu nyebutkeun deui ngaran Sriwijaya keur kawasan anu sateuacanna mangrupa kawasan Sriwijaya. == Struktur Pamaréntahan == Wangun hiji nagara dina dimensi struktur otoritas politik Sriwijaya bisa dilacak ti sababaraha prasasti anu nyangkem informasi penting ngeunaan ''kadātuan'', ''vanua'', ''samaryyāda'', ''mandala'' jeung ''bhūmi''.<ref name="Kulke">{{cite journal |last=Kulke |first=H. |title=Kadātuan Śrīvijaya’—Empire or Kraton of Śrīvijaya? A Reassessment of the Epigraphic Data |year=1993 |journal=Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extreme Orient |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=159-180}}</ref> ''Kadātuan'' bisa ngabogaan makna kawasan ''datuk'', (''tanah rumah'') padumukan ''bini hāji'', geus disimpen ''[[emas]]'' jeung hasil cukai (''drawy'') salaku kawasan anu kudu dijaga. Kadātuan ieu dilingkung ku ''vanua'', anu bisa dianggep salaku kawasan kota ti Sriwijaya anu di jerona aya ''vihara'' keur tempat ibadah masarakatna. ''Kadātuan'' jeung ''vanua'' ieu mangrupa hiji kawasan inti keur Sriwijaya éta sorangan. Nurutkeun Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis, ''samaryyāda'' mangrupa kawasan anu pagigir-gigir jeung ''vanua'', anu kahubung jeung jalan husus (''samaryyāda-patha'') anu bisa boga maksud kawasan jero. Sedengkeun ''mandala'' mangrupa hiji kawasan otonom ti ''bhūmi'' anu aya dina pangaruh kakawasaan ''kadātuan'' Sriwijaya.<ref name="Kulke" /> Pangawasa Sriwijaya disebut ''Dapunta Hyang'' atawa ''Maharaja'', jeung dina wilayah raja aya dina wilayah raja anu ngentep seureuh ''yuvarāja'' (putra mahkota), ''pratiyuvarāja'' (putra mahkota kadua) jeung ''rājakumāra'' (pewaris salajengna).<ref name="Caspa">Casparis, J.C., ([[1956]]), ''Prasasti Indonesia II: Selected Inscriptions from the 7th to the 9th century A.D.'', Vol. II. Bandung: Masa Baru.</ref> Prasasti Telaga Batu loba nyebutkeun jabatan dina struktur pamaréntahan karajaan dina mangsa Sriwijaya. == Hubungan jeung dinasti Sailendra == Munculna hubungan antara Sriwijaya jeung Wangsa Sailendra dimimitian kusabab ngaran ''Śailendravamśa'' dina sababaraha [[prasasti]] di antarana dina [[prasasti]] Kalasan di [[pulo]] [[Jawa]], prasasti Ligor di kidul [[Thailand]], jeung [[prasasti]] Nalanda di [[India]]. Iwal ti éta dina [[prasasti]] Sojomerto kapendak [[ngaran]] ''Dapunta Selendra''. Najan asal-usulna dinasti ieu masih jadi padungdengan nepi ka kiwari.<ref name="Poesponegoro"/> Majumdar boga pamadegan dinasti Sailendra ieu aya di Sriwijaya (Swarnadwipa) jeung Medang ([[Jawa]]), kaduanana asalna ti Kalinga di kidul [[India]].<ref name="Majumdar">{{cite journal |last=Majumdar|first=R.C.,|authorlink=|title=Le rois Çriwijaya de Suvarnadvipa|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient|year=1933|volume=XXXIII||issue=||pages=121-144}}</ref> Salajengna Moens nambahkeun kadatangan Dapunta Hyang ka Palembang, nyababkeun salah sahiji kulawarga dina dinasti ieu pindah ka [[Jawa]].<ref name="Moens">{{cite journal |last=Moensr|first=J.L.,|authorlink=|title=Çriwijaya, Yāva en Katāha|journal =TBG|year=1937|volume=LXXVII||issue=||pages=317-487}}</ref> Iwal ti éta Poerbatjaraka nyawang yén ieu dinasti asalna ti [[Nusantara]], dumasar [[Carita Parahiyangan]]<ref name="Poerbatjaraka">{{cite journal |last=Poerbatjaraka|first=R.N.,|authorlink=|title=Çriwijaya, de Çailendra-en de Sanjāyavança|journal =BKI|year=1956|volume=114||issue=||pages=254-264}}</ref> salajengna dikaitkeun jeung sababaraha [[prasasti]] di [[Jawa]] anu basana Malayu Kuna di antarana Prasasti Sojomerto.<ref name="Boechari">{{cite journal |last=Boechari|first=|authorlink=|title=Preliminary report on the discovery of an Old malay inscription at Sojomerto |journal =MISI|year=1966|volume=III||issue=||pages=241-251}}</ref> == Raja anu Maréntah == Para Maharaja Sriwijaya<ref name="end" /><ref name="Muljana">Slamet Muljana, 2006, ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" width="90%" !width="70px"|Taun !width="140px"|[[Ngaran]] Raja !width="140px"|Ibukota !width="400px"|[[Prasasti]], catetan ngirim utusan ka Tiongkok sarta kajadian |- |[[671]] |Dapunta Hyang atawa <br />Sri Jayanasa |Srivijaya Shih-li-fo-shih | Catetan lalampahan I Tsing di taun [[671]]-[[685]], naklukeun Malayu, naklukeun [[Jawa]] [[Prasasti]] Kedukan Bukit ([[683]]), [[Prasasti]] Talang Tuo ([[684]]), [[Prasasti]] Kota Kapur ([[686]]), [[Prasasti]] Karang Brahi jeung [[Prasasti]] Palas Pasemah |- |[[702]] |Sri Indrawarman Shih-li-t-'o-pa-mo |Sriwijaya Shih-li-fo-shih |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[702]]-[[716]], [[724]] Utusan ka Khalifah Muawiyah I jeung Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz |- |[[728]] |Rudra Vikraman Liéou-t'eng-wei-kong |Sriwijaya Shih-li-fo-shih |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[728]]-[[742]] |- |[[743]]-[[774]] | | |Teu acan aya warta dina mangsa ieu |- |[[775]] |Wisnu (raja)|Sri Maharaja |Sriwijaya |Prasasti Ligor B taun [[775]] di Nakhon Si Thammarat, kidul [[Thailand]] jeung naklukeun [[Kamboja]] |- | | |Pindah ka [[Jawa]] ([[Jawa Tengah]] atawa [[Yogyakarta]]) |Wangsa Syailendra ngagantikeun Wangsa Sanjaya |- |[[778]] |Dharanindra atawa<br /> Rakai Panangkaran |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Kelurak [[782]] di gigireun kalér kompleks [[Candi]] Prambanan [[Prasasti]] Kalasan taun [[778]] di [[Candi]] Kalasan |- |[[782]] |Samaragrawira atawa <br /> Rakai Warak |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Nalanda jeung [[prasasti]] Mantyasih taun [[907]] |- |[[792]] |Samaratungga atawa<br /> Rakai Garung |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Karang Tengah taun [[824]], [[825]] ngaréngsékeun pangwangunan [[candi]] Borobudur |- |[[840]] | | |Kabinangkitan Wangsa Sanjaya, Rakai Pikatan |- |[[856]] |Balaputradewa |Suwarnadwipa |Leungitna kakawasaan di [[Jawa]], sarta balik deui ka Suwarnadwipa [[Prasasti]] Nalanda taun [[860]], [[India]] |- |[[861]]-[[959]] | | |Teu acan aya warta di périodeu ieu |- |[[960]] |Sri Udayaditya Warmadewa Se-li-hou-ta-hia-li-tan |Sriwijaya San-fo-ts'i |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[960]], & [[962]] |- |[[980]] | | |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[980]] & [[983]]: kalawan raja, ''Hie-tche'' (Haji) |- |988 |Sri Cudamani Warmadewa Se-li-chu-la-wu-ni-fu-ma-tian-hwa |Sriwijaya Malayagiri (Suwarnadwipa) San-fo-ts'i |990 Jawa yerang Sriwijaya, Catetan ''Atiśa'',<br /> Utusan ka Tiongkok 988-992-1003,<br /> pangwangunan candi keur kaisar Cina anu dibéré ngaran <br />''cheng tien wan shou'' |- |1008 |Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman Se-li-ma-la-pi |San-fo-ts'i Kataha |Prasasti Leiden & utusan ka Tiongkok 1008 |- |1017 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i ke Tiongkok 1017: kalawan raja, ''Ha-ch'i-su-wa-ch'a-p'u'' <br />(''Haji Sumatrabhumi'' (?)); gelar ''haji'' biasana keur ''raja bawahan'' |- |1025 |Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman |Sriwijaya Kadaram |Diserang ku Rajendra Chola I jeung jadi tawanan Prasasti Tanjore tarikh 1030 dina candi Rajaraja, Tanjore, India |- |1030 | | |Dihandap Dinasti Chola ti Koromandel |- |1079 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i kalawan raja [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') ka Tiongkok 1079 mantuan renovasi candi Tien Ching di Kuang Cho (deukeut Kanton) |- |1082 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i ti ''Kien-pi'' (Jambi) ka Tiongkok 1082 jeung 1088 |- |1089-1177 | | |Teu acan aya warta |- |1178 | | |Laporan ''Chou-Ju-Kua'' dina buku ''Chu-fan-chi'' eusina daptar koloni San-fo-ts'i |- |1183 |Srimat Trailokyaraja Maulibhusana Warmadewa |Dharmasraya |Dihandap Dinasti Mauli, Karajaan Melayu, Prasasti Grahi taun 1183 di kidul [[Thailand]] |} == Warisan Sajarah == Sanajan Srwijaya ngan nyésakeun saeutik titinggal arkéologi sarta dipohokeun ti émutan masarakat pangrojongna, papanggihan deui kamaharajaan bahari ieu ku Coedés di taun [[1920]]-an geus ngabangkitkeun kasadaran yén hiji wangung persatuan politik raya, mangrupa kamaharajaan anu eusina gabungan karajaan-karajaan bahari, kungsi ngadep, tumuwuh, sarta jaya di mangsa bihari.<ref name="nya">{{cite book |title=Strategic Centrality: Indonesia's changing role in ASEAN |last=Smith |first=A.L. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2000 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |location=Singapore |isbn=981-230-103-8 |page=9 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C-IZCcEuX30C&pg=PA9&dq=Srivijaya+source+of+Indonesia+pride&cd=6#v=onepage&q=Srivijaya%20source%20of%20Indonesia%20pride&f=false/Strategic Centrality: Indonesia's changing role in ASEAN |accessdate=}}</ref> Warisan penting Sriwijaya nyaéta basana. Salila mangabad-abad kamekaran kakuatan [[ekonomi]] sarta kaperkasaan militérna, Sriwijaya boga peran badag ti nyebarna pamaké [[Basa]] Malayu Kuna di [[Nusantara]]. Sahenteuna di kawasan basisir. [[Basa]] ieu jadi [[basa]] gawé atawa [[basa]] anu fungsina salaku panghubung (''lingua franca'') digunakeun di sababaraha bandar jeung pasar kawasan [[Nusantara]].<ref name="sea.lib.niu.edu">[http://sea.lib.niu.edu/lang/malay.html Southeast Asia Digital Library: About Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710201133/http://sea.lib.niu.edu/lang/malay.html |date=2010-07-10 }}</ref> Sumebarna [[basa]] Melayu Kuna ieu mungkin geus muka sarta méré jalan keur [[Basa]] Melayu salaku [[basa]] nasional [[Malaysia]], jeung [[Basa Indonesia]] salaku basa “pemersatu” [[Indonesia]] kiwari.<ref name="sea.lib.niu.edu"/> Di sagigireun Majapahit, kaum nasionalis [[Indonesia]] ogé ngagungkeun Sriwijaya salaku sumber kabagjaan jeung bukti kajayaan mangsa bihari [[Indonesia]].<ref name="nya"/> Kajayaan Sriwijaya geus jadi sumber kabagjaan nasinal sarta identitas daérah, hususna keur masarakat [[kota]] Palembang, provinsi [[Sumatera Selatan]], kaagungan Sriwijaya geus jadi inspirasi seni budaya, saperti lagu jeung tarian tradisional Gending Sriwijaya. Hal anu sarua ogé lumaku ka masarakat kidul [[Thailand]] anu nyiptakeun tarian ''Sevichai'' dumasar kana kaanggunan seni [[budaya]] Sriwijaya. Di [[Indonesia]], ngaran Sriwijaya geus digunakeun sarta diabadikeun salaku ngaran jalan di sababaraha [[kota]], sarta ngaran ieu digunakeun ku Universitas Sriwijaya anu diadegkeun taun [[1960]] di Palembang. Kitu ogé Komando Daerah Militer II/Sriwijaya (unit komando militer), PT Pupuk Sriwijaya (Perusahaan Pupuk di Sumatera Selatan), Sriwijaya Post (Surat kabar harian di Palembang), Sriwijaya TV, Sriwijaya Air (maskapai penerbangan), Stadion Gelora Sriwijaya, jeung Sriwijaya Football Club (Klab sepak bola Palembang), sakabéh dingaranan kitu keur ngahormatan, ngamuliakeun, sarta ngarayakeun kamaharajaan Sriwijaya anu agung. <gallery> Gambar:KedukanBukit001.jpg|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] Gambar:Prasasti Kota Kapur.jpg|Prasasti Kota Kapur Gambar:Talang Tuo Inscription.jpg|Prasasti Talang Tuo Gambar:Telaga Batu inscription.JPG|[[Prasasti Telaga Batu]] Gambar:Southeast Asia trade route map XIIcentury.jpg|Peta Abad XII-XIII </gallery> == Catetan == {{reflist|2}} == Tumbu luar == * {{id}} [http://history.melayuonline.com/?a=c3NWL29QTS9VenVwRnRCb20%3D= Kerajaan Sriwijaya di MelayuOnline.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313065110/http://history.melayuonline.com/?a=c3nwl29qts9venvwrnrcb20== |date=2016-03-13 }} * {{id}} [http://arkeologi.palembang.go.id/ Balai Arkeologi Palembang dan Sriwijaya Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223013428/http://arkeologi.palembang.go.id/ |date=2015-12-23 }} * {{en}} [http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/hindu.htm Sejarah Melayu, Buddhist Empires] * {{en}} [http://epress.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/mobile_devices/ch15s05.html Śrīwijaya: A Centre of Learning?] {{featured article}} {{Artikel Geulis}} [[Kategori:Karajaan Sriwijaya]] [[Kategori:Karajaan di Sumatera]] k9s3l9tz59sl8d74x2w5rznhbqea89z 712805 712804 2026-09-22T09:45:26Z Faizi123456 37449 /* */ 712805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country |conventional_long_name = Sri Wijaya |common_name = Sriwijaya |native_name = Kadatuan Sriwijaya |continent = pindah ti Kategori:Asia ka Asia Tenggara |region = Asia Tenggara (Asia Kidul Wétan) |country = Republik Indonésia |religion = [[Buda Mahayana]], [[Animismeu]] jeung [[Hindu]] |p1 = Kantoli |p2 = Sailéndra |s1 = Dharmasraya |s2 = Karaijaan Singapura |year_start = 650 |year_end = 1377 |date_start = |date_end = |event_start = Ékspédisi jeung ékspansi Dapunta Hyang, ([[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]]) |event_end = Taluk ka [[Singasari]] 1288, [[Majapait]] mungkas baruntakna Sriwijaya taun 1377 |image_coat = |symbol_type = |image_map = Srivijaya Empire.svg |image_map_caption = Lega maksimeum Kakaisaran Sriwijaya kurang leuwih abad ka-8 kalayan runtuyan ékspédisi jeung ékspansina |capital = * [[Palémbang]] <br/> * Jawa Tengah (mangsa [[Sailéndra]] awal) * [[Chaiya]] (ibu kota régional) * [[Jambi]] (mangsa katompérnakeun) |common_languages = [[Malayu Buhun]], [[Sangsakerta]] |government_type = Karajaan |title_leader = Maharaja |leader1 = Jayanasa |year_leader1 = Kira-kira taun 683 |leader2 = Dharmasetu |year_leader2 = Kira-kira taun 775 |leader3 = Samaratunga |year_leader3 = Kira-kira taun 792 |leader4 = Balaputra |year_leader4 = Kira-kira taun 835 |leader5 = [[Sri Culamanivarmadeva]] |year_leader5 = Kira-kira taun 988 |currency = Koin emas jeung perak murni |category= |today = {{flag|Indonesia}} |footnotes = }} '''Sriwijaya''' (atawa disebut ogé '''Srivijaya'''; Thai: ศรีวิชัย atawa "Ṣ̄rī wichạy") nyaéta salah sahiji kamaharakaan maritim anu kungsi ngadeg di [[pulo]] [[Sumatera]] jeung loba méré pangaruh di [[Nusantara]] kalawan wewengkon kakawasaanna ti [[Kamboja]], [[Thailand]] [[Kidul]], Semenanjung Malaya, [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], jeung basisir [[Kalimantan]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=Les inscriptions malaises de Çrivijaya|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient (BEFEO) |year=1930|volume=30||issue=||pages=29-80}}</ref><ref name="end">{{cite book |last=Munoz|first=Paul Michel|title=Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|year=2006|location=Singapore|url=https://archive.org/details/earlykingdomsofi0000muno|doi= |id= ISBN 981-4155-67-5}}</ref> Dina [[basa]] Sansekerta, ''sri'' artina "gurilap" atawa "burinyay", jeung ''wijaya'' artina "menang" atawa "kajayaan",<ref name="end" /> ku kituna ngaran Sriwijaya boga makna "kajayaan anu gumilang". Bukti munggaran ngeunaan ayana karajaan ieu asalna ti [[abad ka-7]]; saurang pandita ti [[Tiongkok]] I Tsing, nuliskeun yén anjeunna datang ka Sriwijaya [[taun]] [[671]] jeung dumuk salila [[6]] [[bulan]].<ref>Gabriel Ferrand, (1922), ''L’Empire Sumatranais de Crivijaya'', Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, “Textes Chinois”</ref><ref name="Takakusu">Junjiro Takakusu, (1896), ''A record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago AD 671-695, by I-tsing'', Oxford, London.</ref> Salajengna prasasti nu pangkolotna ngeunaan Sriwijaya ogé dina [[abad ka-7]], nyaéta [[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] di Palembang, taun [[682]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Casparis |first=J.G.|authorlink=Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis|title=Indonesian palaeography: a history of writing in Indonesia from the beginnings to C. A, Part 1500 |year=1975 |publisher=E. J. Brill |id=ISBN 90-04-04172-9 }}</ref> Mundurna pangaruh Sriwijaya ka wewengkon handapna dimimitian ku sabab sababaraha perang <ref name="end" /> di antarana serangan ti raja Dharmawangsa Teguh ti [[Jawa]] di taun [[990]], jeung taun [[1025]] serangan Rajendra Chola I ti Koromandel, salajengna taun [[1183]] kakawasaan Sriwijaya di handap pangaruh karajaan Dharmasraya.<ref name="Muljana">{{cite book |last=Muljana|first=Slamet|authorlink=Slamet Muljana|title= Sriwijaya|url=https://archive.org/details/Sriwijaya|editor= F.W. Stapel|publisher=PT. LKiS Pelangi Aksara|year=2006 |location= |pages=|id=ISBN 978-979-8451-62-1 }}</ref><ref name="Suwarno">{{Citation | last =Suwarno| first = Suwarno| coauthors =P.J.| year = 1993| title =Pancasila budaya bangsa Indonesia: penelitian Pancasila dengan pendekatan, historis, filosofis & sosio-yuridis kenegaraan|page=18|location=Jakarta| publisher =Kanisius| isbn =9789794139677| Url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=x-A0wy95LUQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=budaya&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB3OyS66_oAhXKyTgGHZwZBesQ6AEIUTAG#v=onepage&q=budaya&f=false}}</ref> Sanggeus runtag, karajaan ieu dipohokeun jeung éksisténsina dipikanyaho liwat publikasi taun [[1918]] ti ahli [[sajarah]] [[Perancis]] Géorge Cœdés ti ''École française d'Extrême-Orient''.<ref name="Cœdés">{{cite journal |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=Le Royaume de Çriwijaya|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient|year=1918|volume=18||issue=6||pages=1-36}}</ref> == Catetan [[sajarah]] == Euweuh catetan leuwih jero ngeunaan Sriwijaya dina [[sajarah]] [[Indonesia]]; Ingetan nu kapopohokeun diwangun deui ku sarjana asing. euweuh urang [[Indonesia]] modérn anu nguping ngeunaan Sriwijaya nepi taun [[1920]]-an, nalika sarjana [[Perancis]] Géorge Cœdés ngawanohkeun pamanggihna dina koran [[basa Walanda]] jeung [[basa Indonesia]].<ref name="TAYLOR">{{cite book |last=Taylor|first=Jean Gelman|title=Indonesia: Peoples and Histories|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2003 |location= New Haven and London|url=https://archive.org/details/indonesia00jean|doi= |pages=|id= ISBN 0-300-10518-5}}</ref> Coedés ngebrehkeun yén referensi Tiongkok ka "San-fo-ts'i", sateuacanna dibaca "Sribhoja", sarta sababaraha [[prasasti]] dina [[basa]] Malayu Kuna ngarujuk ka kaisar nu sarua.<ref>{{cite book |last=Krom|first=N.J.|chapter= Het Hindoe-tijdperk |title= Geschiedenis van Nederlandsch Indië|editor= F.W. Stapel|publisher=N.V. U.M. Joost van den Vondel|year=1938 |location= Amsterdam|url= |doi= |pages= vol. I p. 149|id= }}</ref> Sriwijaya jadi perlambang kaagungan [[Sumatera]] awal, jeung karajaan badag [[Nusantara]] iwal Majapahit di [[Jawa]] Wétan. Dina [[abad ka-20]], dua karajaan éta jadi referensi ku kaom nasionalis pikeun nunjukkeun yén [[Indonésia]] mangrupa hiji nagara sateuacan [[Hindia Walanda]].<ref name="TAYLOR"/> Sriwijaya disebut ku sababaraha ngaran. Urang Tionghoa nyebutna ''Shih-li-fo-shih'' atawa ''San-fo-ts'i'' atawa ''San Fo Qi''. Dina basa Sansekerta jeung Pali, karajaan Sriwijaya disebut ''Yavadesh'' jeung ''Javadeh''. Bangsa Arab nyebutna ''Zabaj'' jeung Khmer nyebutna ''Malayu''. Loba ngaran mangrupa alesan séjén kunaon Sriwijaya hésé kapanggih.<ref name="end" /> Iwal ti peta Claudius Ptolemaeus kapanggih katerangan ngeunaan ayana 3 [[pulo]] ''Sabadeibei'' nu mungkin aya pakaitna jeung Sriwijaya.<ref name="Muljana"/> Dina taun [[1993]], Pierre-Yves Manguin ngalakukeun ''observasi'' jeung méré sawangan yén puseur Sriwijaya ayana di ''Sungai'' Musi antara Bukit Seguntang jeung Sabokingking (nu ayana di provinsi [[Sumatera]] Kidul kiwari).<ref name="end" /> Namung sateuacanna Soekmono nyawang yén puseur Sriwijaya ayana di wewengkon sehiliran Batang Hari, antara Muara Sabak nepi ka Muara Tembesi (di provinsi [[Jambi]] kiwari),<ref name="Muljana"/> kalawan catetan Karajaan Melayu teu di kawasan eta, lamun Malayu di kawasan éta, condong ka pamadegan Moens,<ref name="Soekmono2">{{cite book |last=Soekmono|first=R.|authorlink=Soekmono |title=Pengantar sejarah kebudayaan Indonesia 2|year=2002 |publisher=Kanisius |id=ISBN 979-413-290-X }}</ref> anu sateuacanna oé geus boga sawangan yén puseur karajaan Sriwijaya aya di kawasan [[Candi]] Muara Takus (provinsi [[Riau]] kiwari), kalawan asumsi nunjuk ka lalampahan dina catetan I Tsing,<ref name="Poesponegoro">Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro, Nugroho Notosusanto, (1992), ''Sejarah nasional Indonesia: Jaman kuna'', PT Balai Pustaka, ISBN 979-407-408-X</ref> sarta hal ieu bisa ogé dikaitkeun jeung warta ngeunaan diadegkeunna candi nu disembahkeun ku raja Sriwijaya (''Se li chu la wu ni fu ma tian hwa'' atawa Sri Cudamaniwarmadewa) taun [[1003]] ka kaisar [[Cina]] anu dingaranan ''cheng tien wan shou'' ([[Candi]] Bungsu, salah sahiji bagéan [[candi]] nu ayana di Muara Takus).<ref>''Forgotten Kingdoms in Sumatra'', Brill Archive</ref> Namung nu pasti dina mangsa kakawasaan Rajendra Chola I, dumasar prasasti Tanjore, Sriwijaya puseur dayeuhna di ''Kadaram'' (Kedah kiwari).<ref name="Muljana"/> == Pangwangunan jeung Kamekaran == Teu acan aya bukti fisik ngeunaan Sriwijaya anu kapanggih.<ref name="TAYLOR"/> Karajaan ieu jadi puseur niaga jeung mangrupa nagara maritim, namung karajaan ieu teu ngagedéan kakawasaana si luar wilayah kapuloan [[Asia Tenggara]]. Sababaraha ahli masih madungdengkeun kawasan nu jadi puseur pamaréntahan Sriwijaya, salian éta mungkin karajaan ieu biasa mindahkeun puseur pamaréntahanna, namung kawasan nu jadi puseur dayeuh angger diparéntah langsung ku pangawasa, sedengkeun wewengkon pangrojongna diparentah ku dātu. [[Gambar:Candi Gumpung Muarojambi.jpg|left|thumb|[[Candi]] Gumpung, [[candi]] Buddha di Muaro Jambi, Karajaan Melayu anu ditaklukeun ku Sriwijaya.]] [[Gambar:Chaiya Wat Kaew.jpg|left|thumb|Puing Wat ([[Candi]]) Kaew anu asalna ti zaman Sriwijaya di Chaiya, [[Thailand]] Selatan.]] [[Gambar:Borobudur Northwest View.jpg|left|thumb|[[Candi]] Borobudur, pangwangunanna diréngsékeun di masa Samaratungga]] Kakaisaran Sriwijaya geus aya ti [[671]] saluyu jeung catetan I Tsing, di prasasti Kedukan Bukit di taun [[682]] dipikanyaho imperium ieu di handap kapamingpinan Dapunta Hyang. Di [[abad ka-7]] ieu, urang Tionghoa nyatet yén aya [[2|dua]] karajaan nyaéta ''Malayu'' jeung ''Kedah'' jadi bagéan kamaharajaan Sriwijaya.<ref name="end" /> Dumasar prasasti Kota Kapur anu angkana taun [[686]] kapanggih di pulo Bangka, kamaharajaan ieu geus ngawasa bagéan kidul [[Sumatera]], [[pulo]] Bangka jeung Belitung, nepi ka [[Lampung]]. [[Prasasti]] ieu ogé nyabutkeun yén Sri Jayanasa geus nyieun ekspedisi militer keur ngahukum ''Bhumi [[Jawa]]'' anu teu babakti ka Sriwijaya, kajadian ieu babarengan jeung runtagna [[Tarumanagara]] di [[Jawa Kulon]] jeung Holing (Kalingga) di [[Jawa Tengah]] nu kamungkinan sabab serangan Sriwijaya. Sriwijaya mekar jeung bisa ngandalikeun jalur paniagaan mariti di Selat Malaka, [[Selat Sunda]], Laut [[China]] Kidul, Laut [[Jawa]], jeung Selat Karimata. Ekspansi karajaan ieu ka Jawa jeung Semenanjung Malaya, ngajadikeun Sriwijaya ngontrol dua puseur paniagaan utama di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Dumasar observasi, kapanggih sésa [[candi]]-[[candi]] Sriwijaya di [[Thailand]] jeung [[Kamboja]]. Di [[abad ka-7]], palabuan Cham di beulah wetan Indochina mulai ngalihkeun loba padagang ti Sriwijaya. Keur nyegah hal éta, Maharaja Dharmasetu nyieun serangan ka dayeuh-dayeuh basisir Indochina. Dayeuh Indrapura di sisi sungai Mekong, di mimiti [[abad ka-8]] aya di handap kakawasaan Sriwijaya. Sriwijaya neruskeun dominasi ka [[Kamboja]], nepi raja Khmer Jayawarman II, nu ngadegkeun imperium Khmer, megatkeun hubungan jeung Sriwijaya di [[abad]] nu sarua.<ref name="end" /> Di ahir [[abad ka-8]] karajaan di [[Jawa]] Holing aya di handap kakawasaan Sriwijaya. Nurutkeun catetan, dina mangsa éta ogé wangsa Sailendra migrasi ka [[Jawa Tengah]] jeung boga kawasa di dinya. Di abad ieu oge, Langkasuka di semenanjung Melayu jadi bagéan karajaan.<ref name="end" /> Di masa salajengna, Pan Pan jeung Trambralinga, nu ayana di beulah kalér Langkasuka, ogé aya di handap pangaruh Sriwijaya. Sanggeus Dharmasetu, Samaratungga jadi panerus karajaan. Anjeunna ngawasa dina périodeu [[792]] nepi [[835]]. Teu jiga Dharmasetu nu ekspansionis, Samaratungga teu ngalakukeun ekspansi militer, namung leuwih milih keur nguatkeun pangawasaan Sriwijaya di [[Jawa]]. Salila masa kapamingpinanna, anjeunna ngawangun [[Candi]] Borobudur di [[Jawa Tengah]] nu réngsé di taun [[825]].<ref name="end" /> == Agama == [[Gambar:Muara Takus temple.jpg|thumb|[[Candi]] Muara Takus, salah sahiji kawasan anu dianggep salaku puseur dayeuh Sriwijaya.]] Salaku puseur pangajaran Buddha Vajrayana, Sriwijaya ngirut loba paziarah jeung sarjana ti [[nagara]]-[[nagara]] [[Asia]]. Antarana nyaéta pandita ti Tiongkok I Tsing, anu ngalakukeun kunjungan ka [[Sumatera]] dina lalampahan studina di Universitas Nalanda, [[India]], di taun [[671]] jeung [[695]], I Tsing ngalaporkeun yén Sriwijaya jadi imah keur sarjana Buddha nepi ka jadi puseur pangajaran [[agama]] Buddha. Sémah anu datang ka [[pulo]] ieu nyebatkeun yén koin [[emas]] geus digunakeun di basisir karajaan. Salian ti ajaran Buddha aliran, Buddha Hinayana jeung Buddha Mahayana ogé ngilu mekar di Sriwijaya. Nepi ka ahir [[abad ka-10]], ''Atiśa'', saurang sarjana Buddha asal Benggala anu boga peran dina ngamekarkeun Buddha Vajrayana di Tibet dina kertas gawéna ''Durbodhāloka'' nyebutkeun ditulis dina mangsa pamarétahan Sri Cudamani Warmadewa pangawasa ''Sriwijayanagara'' di ''Malayagiri'' di ''Suvarnadvipa''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1996|id=ISBN 0-8248-0368-X}}</ref> Karajaan Sriwijaya loba dipangaruhan ku [[budaya]] [[India]], mimitina ku [[budaya]] [[Hindu]] salajengna diturut ku agama Buddha. Raja-raja Sriwijaya ngawasaan kapuloan Melayu ngaliwatan niaga jeung naklukeun ti [[abad ka-7]] nepi [[abad ka-9]], sacara langsung ngilu ngembangkeun [[basa]] Melayu sarta kabudayaanna di [[Nusantara]]. <blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:45%; margin:0 0em 1em .25em; float:right; padding: 10px; display:table; margin-left:10px;">".... loba raja jeung pamingpin anu aya di pulo-pulo di Laut Kidul percaya jeung ngajén Buddha, dihaté aranjeunna geus kapelak kahadéan. Di jero benteng dayeuh Sriwijaya dipinuhan leuwih ti [[1000]] biksu Buddha, anu diajar kalawan tekun jeung ngamalkeunna kalawan hadé...Lamun biarawan [[China]] hayang ka [[India]] keur diajar “Sabda”, leuwih hadé aranjeunna dumuk heula di dieu salila sataun atawa dua taun keur neuleuman élmuna sateuacan dilanjutkeun di [[India]]".<p style="text-align: right;">— Gambaran Sriwijaya nurutkeun I Tsing.<ref name="Takakusu"/></blockquote> Mungkin ogé yén Sriwijaya nu kamahsyur salaku bandar puseur paniagaan di [[Asia Tenggara]], tangtu waé ngirut minat padagang jeung ulama [[muslim]] ti Timur Tengah, nepi ka sababaraha karajaan nu mimitina mangrupa bagéan Sriwijaya, salajengna tumuwuh jadi cikal-bakal karajaan-karajaan [[Islam]] di [[Sumatera]], nalika lemahna pangaruh Sriwijaya.<ref name="end" /> Aya sumber nu nyebutkeun, ku sabab pangaruh [[muslim]] Arab anu loba datang jeung niaga di Sriwijaya, ku kituna saurang raja Sriwijaya anu ngaranna Sri Indrawarman di taun [[718]] disebutkeun yén anjeunna asup [[Islam]] <ref>{{cite book |first=H. Zainal Abidin |last=Ahmad|title=Ilmu politik Islam V, Sejarah Islam dan Umatnya sampai sekarang|publisher=Bulan Bintang|year=1979}}</ref> atawa sahenteuna kairut keur diajar [[Islam]] jeung kabudayaan Arab, nepi ka mungkin kahirupan sosial Sriwijaya nyaéta masarakat sosial anu di jerona aya masarakat Buddha jeung [[Muslim]] sakaligus. Kacatet sababaraha kali raja Sriwijaya ngirim surat ka khalifah [[Islam]] di Damaskus, [[Suriah]]. Dina salah sahiji naskah surat anu ditujukeun ka khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz ([[717]]-[[720]]) eusina paménta ka khalifah sangkan ngirimkeun da’i ka istana Sriwijaya.<ref name="Prof">{{cite book |last=Prof. Dr. Azyumardi Azra, MA.,|title=Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII & XVIII|publisher=Mizan|year=1994|location=Jakarta}}</ref> == [[Budaya]] == Dumasar sababaraha sumber [[sajarah]], hiji masarakat anu kompleks jeung kosmopolitan anu dipangaruhan ku alam pikir Buddha Wajrayana digambarkeun mekar di puseur dayeuh Sriwijaya. Sababaraha prasasti Siddhayatra [[abad ka-7]] saperti [[Prasasti]] Talang Tuwo ngagambarkeun ritual Buddha anu ngaberkatan kajadian pinuh berkah nyaéta peresmian Taman Sriketra, anugerah Maharaja Sriwijaya keur rahayatna. [[Prasasti Telaga Batu]] ngagambarkeun karumitan jeung tingkatan jabatan pajabat karajaan, iwal ti éta [[Prasasti]] Kota Kapur nyebutkeun kagagahan balatentara Sriwijaya di handap [[Jawa]]. Sakabéh [[prasasti]] éta ngagunakeun [[Basa]] Melayu Kuno, [[basa]] anu digunakeun ku Sriwijaya nyaéta leluhur [[Basa]] Melayu jeung [[Basa Indonesia]] modérn. Ti [[abad ka-7]], [[basa]] Melayu Kuno geus digunakeun di [[Nusantara]] ditandaan kalawan kapanggihna sababaraha [[prasasti]] Sriwijaya jeung sababaraha [[prasasti]] [[basa]] Melayu Kuno di tempat séjén, saperti anu kapanggih di [[pulo Jawa]]. Hubungan dagang anu dilakukeun salaku bangsa [[Nusantara]] jadi wahana nyebarkeun [[basa]] Melayu, ku sabab [[basa]] ieu jadi alat [[komunikasi]] keur kaom padagang. Ti dinya, [[basa]] Melayu jadi ''lingua franca'' sarta digunakeun sacara luas ku loba panutur di kapuloan [[Nusantara]].<ref>[http://melayuonline.com/eng/researcher/dig/16/bambang-budi-utomo Melayu Online: Bambang Budi Utomo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005220517/http://melayuonline.com/eng/researcher/dig/16/bambang-budi-utomo |date=2011-10-05 }}</ref> Sanajan disebut mibanda kakuatan [[ekonomi]] jeung kaperkasaan militer, Sriwijaya ngan ninggalkeun saeutik patilasan purbakala di jajantung nagarana di [[Sumatera]], béda jeung episode Sriwijaya di [[Jawa Tengah]] nalika kapamingpinan wangsa Syailendra anu loba ngawangun monumen badag; saperti [[Candi]] Kalasan, [[Candi]] Sewu, jeung Borobudur. [[Candi]]-[[candi]] Buddha anu asalna ti masa Sriwijaya di [[Sumatera]] di antarana [[Candi]] Muaro [[Jambi]], [[Candi]] Muara Takus, jeung Biaro Bahal, tatapi teu saperti [[candi]] périodeu [[Jawa Tengah]] anu dijieun ti [[batu]] [[andesit]], [[candi]] di [[Sumatera]] dijieun ti bata [[beureum]]. Sababaraha arca sipatna Buddhisme, saperti sababaraha [[arca]] Buddha jeung Bodhisatva Awalokiteswara kapanggih di Bukit Seguntang, Palembang<ref>[http://www.epalembang.com/lang/en/travel-tourism/landmarks/bukit-siguntang/ Bukit Siguntang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304222750/http://www.epalembang.com/lang/en/travel-tourism/landmarks/bukit-siguntang/ |date=2012-03-04 }}</ref>, Jambi<ref>Titik Temu, Jejak Peradaban di Tepi Batanghari, Photograph and artifact exhibition of Muara Jambi Archaeological site, Bentara Budaya Jakarta, 9-11 November 2006</ref>, Bidor, Perak,<ref>[http://exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg/kaalachakra/art_and_Architecture1.htm KaalaChaKra, Early Indian Influences in Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720113310/http://exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg/kaalachakra/art_and_Architecture1.htm |date=2011-07-20 }}</ref> jeung Chaiya<ref>[http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/Srivijaya-7th-13th-Century/Avalokitesvara-figure-from-the-Srivijaya-Period-found-in-Chaiya-Thailand-9th-10th-century-bronze/6680daf37df64243a2cf59d12ea94fb0?key=%20Bangkok%20Thailand&thumb=x150&num=15&page=14 Bridgeman: Avalokitesvara figure from the Srivijaya Period, found in Chaiya, Thailand, 9th-10th century (bronze)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930092211/http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/Srivijaya-7th-13th-Century/Avalokitesvara-figure-from-the-Srivijaya-Period-found-in-Chaiya-Thailand-9th-10th-century-bronze/6680daf37df64243a2cf59d12ea94fb0?key=%20Bangkok%20Thailand&thumb=x150&num=15&page=14 |date=2011-09-30 }}</ref>. Sakabéh arca-arca ieu nampilkeun kaagrengan jeung langgam nu sarua saperti "Seni Sriwijaya" atawa "Langgam/Gaya Sriwijaya" anu nembongkeun kamiripan ku langgam Amarawati India jeung langgam Syailendra Jawa (di [[abad ka-8]] nepi [[abad ka-9]]).<ref>[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=183 Srivijaya Art In Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707103338/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=183 |date=2006-07-07 }}</ref> == Paniagaan == Di dunya paniagaan, Sriwijaya jadi pangatur padagangan ti [[India]] jeung Tiondkok, nyaéta ngawasaan selat Malaka jeung [[selat Sunda]]. Urang [[Saudi Arabia|Arab]] nyatet yén Sriwijaya mibanda komoditas nu loba nyaéta kapur barus, kayu gaharu, cengkeh, pala, kapulaga, gading, [[emas]] sarta timah anu nyieun raja Sriwijaya sabeunghar raja-raja di [[India]]..<ref name="Poesponegoro"/> Kabeunghatan anu loba geus ngamungkinkeun Sriwijaya meuli kasetiaan vassal-vassalnya di sakabéh [[Asia Tenggara]]. Salian ngajalin hubungan dagang jeung [[India]] sarta Tiongkok, Sriwijaya ogé ngajalin paniagaan jeung taneuh Arab, ngamungkinkeun utusan Maharaja Sri Indrawarman anu nganteurkeun [[surat]] ka khalifah Umar bin Abdul-Aziz ti Bani Umayyah taun [[718]] balik deui ka Sriwijaya kalawan mawa hadian 'Zanji'' (budak wanita berkulit hitam), sarta ti kronik Tiongkok disebutkeun ''Shih-li-fo-shih'' kalawan rajana ''Shih-li-t-'o-pa-mo'' (Sri Indrawarman) di taun [[724]] ngirimkeun hadiah keur kaisar [[China]], mangrupa ''ts'engchi'' (maksudna sarua jeung ''Zanji'' dina basa Arab).<ref name="Azra">{{cite book |last=Azra|first=Azyumardi|authorlink=Azyumardi Azra|title=Islam in the Indonesian world: an account of institutional formation|publisher=Mizan Pustaka|year=2006|id= ISBN 979-433-430-8}}</ref> Dina mimiti [[abad ka-10]], di antara runtagna dinasti Tang jeung naékna dinasti Song, padagangan jeung luar [[nagara]] cukup ramé, utamana Fujian, Karajaan Min jeung Karajaan Nan Han kalawan [[nagara]] beungharna Guangdong. Sriwijaya meunang kauntungan ti padagangan ieu.<ref name="Azra" /> == Relasi jeung Kakuatan Regional == [[Gambar:Borom That Chaiya.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Pagoda Borom That gaya Sriwijaya di Chaiya, [[Thailand]].]] Keur nguatkeun posisina di luhun pangawasaan di kawasan di [[Asia Tenggara]], Sriwijaya ngajalin hubungan diplomasi kalawan Kaisar [[Cina]], jeung sacara kaatus nganteurkeun utusan jeung upeti.<ref>Oliver W. Wolters, (1967), ''Early Indonesian Commerce: a study of the origins of Śrīvijaya'', Cornell University Press, Ithaca.</ref> Dina mangsa awal Karajaan Khmer mangrupa daérah jajahan Sriwijaya. Loba ahli sajarah ngaklaim yén Chaiya, di provinsi Surat Thani, [[Thailand]] Kidul, salaku puseur dayeuh karajaan éta, pangaruh Sriwijaya katempo dina wangunan pagoda Borom That anu gayana Sriwijaya. Nepi ka runtagna Sriwijaya, Chaiya kabagi jadi tilu dayeuh nyaéta (Mueang) Chaiya, Thatong (Kanchanadit), jeung Khirirat Nikhom. Sriwijaya ogé deukeut jeung karajaan Pala di Benggala, dina [[prasasti]] Nalanda angkana [[860]] nyatet yén raja Balaputradewa ngadedikasikeun hiji biara ka Nalanda. Relasi jeung dinasti Chola ti kidul [[India]] ogé deukeut pisan, ti [[Prasasti]] Leiden disebatkeun yén raja Sriwijaya di ''Kataha'' Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman geus ngawangun hiji vihara anu dingaranan ku ''Vihara Culamanivarmma'', namung jadi goréng sanggeus Rajendra Chola I naék tahta anu ngalakukeun serangan di [[abad ka-11]]. Tuluy hubungan ieu balik deui ka mangsa Kulothunga Chola I, di dinya raja Sriwijaya di Kadaram ngirimkeun utusan nu ménta dikaluarkeunna bagéan ti dinasti Chola, ti kronik Tiongkok nyebutkeun yén Kulothunga Chola I (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') salaku raja San-fo-ts'i ngabantuan renovasi candi deukeut Kanton di taun [[1079]], dina mangsa dinasti Song [[candi]] ieu disebut ku ngaran ''Tien Ching Kuan'' jeung di mangsa dinasti Yuan disebut ku ngaran ''Yuan Miau Kwan''.<ref name="Muljana"/> == Mangsa Kaemasan == [[Gambar:Avalokiteçvara, Malayu Srivijaya style.jpg|left|thumb|[[Arca]] emas Avalokiteçvara gaya Malayu-Sriwijaya, kapanggih di Rantaukapastuo, Muarabulian, [[Jambi]], [[Indonésia]].]] Kamaharajaan Sriwijaya nyirikeun karajaan maritim, ngandelkeun hégemoni dina tanaga armada lautna dina ngawasaan alur palayaran, jalur padagangan, ngawasaan jeung ngawangun sababaraha kawasan stratégis salaku pangkalan armadana dina ngawas, ngalindungi kapal dagang, nagih cukai sarta keur ngajaga wilayah kadaulatan jeung kakawasaanna..<ref>{{cite book |last=Pramono|first=Djoko |title=Budaya bahari|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|year=2005|id=ISBN 979-22-1351-1}}</ref> [[Gambar:Borobudur ship.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Model kapal taun [[800-an|800-an Masehi]] anu aya dina candi Borobudur]] Dina catetan sajarah jeung bukti arkeologi, dina [[abad ka-9]] Sriwijaya geus ngalakukeun kolonisasi di sakabeh karajaan-karajaan [[Asia Tenggara]], antarana: [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], Semenanjung Malaya, [[Thailand]], [[Kamboja]], [[Vietnam]],<ref name="end" /> jeung [[Filipina]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rasul|first=Jainal D.|title=Agonies and Dreams: The Filipino Muslims and Other Minorities"|publisher=CARE Minorities|year=2003|location=Quezon City|url= |doi= |pages=pages 77|id=}}</ref> Dominasi di [[Selat Malaka]] jeung [[Selat Sunda]], ngajadikeun Sriwijaya salaku pangawas rute padagangan rempah jeung padagangan lokal anu meunang bayaran ti unggal kapal anu ngaliwat. Sriwijaya ngaakumulasikeun kabeungharanna salaku palabuan jeung gudang padagangan anu ngalayanan pasar Tiongkok jeung [[India]]. Sriwijaya ogé disebut boga peran ngaruntagkeun karajaan Medang di [[Jawa]], dina prasasti Pucangan disebutkeunn salaku kajadian ''Mahapralaya'' nyaéta kajadian runtagna istana Medang di [[Jawa Timur]], ''Haji Wurawari'' ti ''Lwaram'' anu kamungkinan mangrupa raja handapeun Sriwijaya, dina taun [[1006]] atawa [[1016]] nyerang jeung nyababkeun kabunuhna raja Medang pamungkas. Dharmawangsa Teguh.<ref name="Muljana"/> == Ambang Wates Sriwijaya == Taun [[1017]] jeung [[1025]], Rajendra Chola I, raja ti dinasti Chola di Pantai Koromandel, [[India]] kidul, ngirim ekspedisi [[laut]] keur nyerang Sriwijaya, dumasar [[prasasti]] Tanjore taun [[1030]], karajaan Chola geus naklukkeun wewengkon – wewengkon koloni Sriwijaya, sakaligus meunang ngalawan raja Sriwijaya nu boga kawasa dina mangsa éta Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman. Salila sababaraha dekade saterusna, sakabeh imperium Sriwijaya geus aya dina pangaruh dina Chola. Sanajan kitu Rajendra Chola I geus méré lolongkrang ka raja-raja anu ditaklukeunna keur tetep boga kawasa salila tetep taluk ka anjeunna.<ref>Sastri K. A. N., (1935). ''The Cholas''. University of Madras.</ref> Hal ieu bisa dipatalikeun jeung ayana warta utusanna ''San-fo-ts'i'' ka Cina taun [[1028]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kulke |first=H. |authorlink= |coauthors=Kesavapany, K.; Sakhuja, V.|title=Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |year=2009 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian |location= |id=ISBN 981-230-936-5 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;font-size:90%" !colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700;" | Kawasan Sriwijaya dina prasasti Tanjore |- ! Ngaran kawasan !! Katerangan |- | Pannai || Kerajaan Pannai |- | Malaiyur || Kerajaan Melayu |- | Mayirudingam || |- | Ilangasogam || Langkasuka |- | Mappappalam || |- | Mevilimbangam || |- | Valaippanduru || |- | Takkolam || |- | Madamalingam || Tambralingga |- | Ilamuri-Desam || Lamuri |- | Nakkavaram || Nikobar |- | Kadaram || Kedah |} Namung dina mangsa ieu Sriwijaya dianggep geus jadi bagéan ti dinasti Chola, ti kronik Tiongkok nyebutkeun yén dina taun [[1079]] Kulothunga Chola I (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') raja dinasti Chola disebut ogé salaku raja San-fo-ts'i, anu salajengna ngirimkeun utusan keur ngabantuan renovasi candi deukeut Kanton. Salajengna dina warta [[Cina]] anu judulna ''Sung Hui Yao'' disebutkeun yén karajaan San-fo-tsi dina taun [[1082]] masih ngirimkeun utusan dina mangsa Cina di handap pamaréntahan Kaisar Yuan Fong. Duta besar éta ogé nepikeun [[surat]] ti raja ''Kien-pi'' handapeun San-fo-tsi, anu mangrupa [[surat]] ti putri raja anu dipasrahkeun urusan nagara san-fo-tsi, sarta nyerahkeun [[227]] tahil perhiasan, rumbia, sarta 13 baju. Salajengna ogé ngirimkeun utusan di taun [[1088]].<ref name="end" /> Pangaruh invasi Rajendra Chola I, ka hegemoni Sriwijaya kalawan raja-raja handapeunna ngaheureutan, sababaraha daerah handapan ngaleupaskeun manéh, nepin ka muncul Dharmasraya salaku kakuatan anyar anu salajengna ngawasaan deui wilayah jajahan Sriwijaya mimiti ti kawasan Semenajung Malaya, [[Sumatera]], sampai [[Jawa]] bagian barat. Dumasar sumber Tiongkok dina buku ''Chu-fan-chi''<ref>{{cite book |last=Hirth |first=F. |authorlink= |coauthors=Rockhill, W.W. |title=Chao Ju-kua, His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteen centuries, entitled Chu-fan-chi |year=1911 |publisher=St Petersburg}}.</ref> anu ditulis di taun 1178, ''Chou-Ju-Kua'' ngajelaskeun yén di kapuloan [[Asia Tenggara]] aya dua karajaan anu kacida kuat sarta beunghar, nyaéta San-fo-ts'i jeung Cho-po ([[Jawa]]). Di [[Jawa]] anjeunna manggihan yén rahayatna ngagem [[agama]] Buddha jeung [[Hindu]], sedengkeun rahayat San-fo-ts'i ngagem Buddha, jeung boga 15 daerah handapan nyaéta; ''Si-lan'' ([[Kamboja]]), ''Tan-ma-ling'' (Tambralingga, Ligor, kidul [[Thailand]]), ''Kia-lo-hi'' (Grahi, Chaiya kiwari, kidul [[Thailand]]), ''Ling-ya-si-kia'' (Langkasuka), ''Kilantan'' (Kelantan), ''Pong-fong'' (Pahang), ''Tong-ya-nong'' (Terengganu), ''Fo-lo-an'' (muara sungai Dungun daerah Terengganu kiwari), ''Ji-lo-t'ing'' (Cherating, pantai timur semenanjung malaya), ''Ts'ien-mai'' (Semawe, pantai timur semenanjung malaya), ''Pa-t'a'' (Sungai Paka, pantai timur Semenanjung Malaya), ''Lan-wu-li'' (Lamuri di [[Aceh]]), ''Pa-lin-fong'' (Palembang), ''Kien-pi'' ([[Jambi]]), jeung sabagéan ''Sin-t'o'' ([[Sunda]]).<ref name="Muljana">Slamet Muljana, 2006, ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS.</ref><ref name="Soekmono2"/> Namung, istilah ''San-fo-tsi'' utamana dina taun [[1178]] teu identik jeung Sriwijaya, tatapi geus identik jeung jeung Dharmasraya, ti 15 nagara handapan San-fo-tsi éta mangrupa daptar jajahan karajaan Dharmasraya, sanajan sumber Tiongkok geus nyebatkeun San-fo-tsi salaku karajaan anu aya di kawasan laut Cina Selatan. Hal ieu kusabab dina Pararaton geus nyebutkeun Malayu, disebutkeun Kertanagara Raja Singhasari ngirim hiji ekspedisi Pamalayu atawa ''Pamalayu'', jeung saterusna mere Arca Amoghapasa ka raja Melayu, Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauli Warmadewa di kabupaten Dharmasraya sakumaha anu katulis dina prasasti Padang Roco. Kajadian ieu salajengna dihubungkeun jeung manuskrip anu aya di prasasti Grahi. Kitu ogé dina Nagarakertagama, anu ngadadarkeun ngeunaan daérah jajahan Majapahit anu geus teu nyebutkeun deui ngaran Sriwijaya keur kawasan anu sateuacanna mangrupa kawasan Sriwijaya. == Struktur Pamaréntahan == Wangun hiji nagara dina dimensi struktur otoritas politik Sriwijaya bisa dilacak ti sababaraha prasasti anu nyangkem informasi penting ngeunaan ''kadātuan'', ''vanua'', ''samaryyāda'', ''mandala'' jeung ''bhūmi''.<ref name="Kulke">{{cite journal |last=Kulke |first=H. |title=Kadātuan Śrīvijaya’—Empire or Kraton of Śrīvijaya? A Reassessment of the Epigraphic Data |year=1993 |journal=Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extreme Orient |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=159-180}}</ref> ''Kadātuan'' bisa ngabogaan makna kawasan ''datuk'', (''tanah rumah'') padumukan ''bini hāji'', geus disimpen ''[[emas]]'' jeung hasil cukai (''drawy'') salaku kawasan anu kudu dijaga. Kadātuan ieu dilingkung ku ''vanua'', anu bisa dianggep salaku kawasan kota ti Sriwijaya anu di jerona aya ''vihara'' keur tempat ibadah masarakatna. ''Kadātuan'' jeung ''vanua'' ieu mangrupa hiji kawasan inti keur Sriwijaya éta sorangan. Nurutkeun Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis, ''samaryyāda'' mangrupa kawasan anu pagigir-gigir jeung ''vanua'', anu kahubung jeung jalan husus (''samaryyāda-patha'') anu bisa boga maksud kawasan jero. Sedengkeun ''mandala'' mangrupa hiji kawasan otonom ti ''bhūmi'' anu aya dina pangaruh kakawasaan ''kadātuan'' Sriwijaya.<ref name="Kulke" /> Pangawasa Sriwijaya disebut ''Dapunta Hyang'' atawa ''Maharaja'', jeung dina wilayah raja aya dina wilayah raja anu ngentep seureuh ''yuvarāja'' (putra mahkota), ''pratiyuvarāja'' (putra mahkota kadua) jeung ''rājakumāra'' (pewaris salajengna).<ref name="Caspa">Casparis, J.C., ([[1956]]), ''Prasasti Indonesia II: Selected Inscriptions from the 7th to the 9th century A.D.'', Vol. II. Bandung: Masa Baru.</ref> Prasasti Telaga Batu loba nyebutkeun jabatan dina struktur pamaréntahan karajaan dina mangsa Sriwijaya. == Hubungan jeung dinasti Sailendra == Munculna hubungan antara Sriwijaya jeung Wangsa Sailendra dimimitian kusabab ngaran ''Śailendravamśa'' dina sababaraha [[prasasti]] di antarana dina [[prasasti]] Kalasan di [[pulo]] [[Jawa]], prasasti Ligor di kidul [[Thailand]], jeung [[prasasti]] Nalanda di [[India]]. Iwal ti éta dina [[prasasti]] Sojomerto kapendak [[ngaran]] ''Dapunta Selendra''. Najan asal-usulna dinasti ieu masih jadi padungdengan nepi ka kiwari.<ref name="Poesponegoro"/> Majumdar boga pamadegan dinasti Sailendra ieu aya di Sriwijaya (Swarnadwipa) jeung Medang ([[Jawa]]), kaduanana asalna ti Kalinga di kidul [[India]].<ref name="Majumdar">{{cite journal |last=Majumdar|first=R.C.,|authorlink=|title=Le rois Çriwijaya de Suvarnadvipa|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient|year=1933|volume=XXXIII||issue=||pages=121-144}}</ref> Salajengna Moens nambahkeun kadatangan Dapunta Hyang ka Palembang, nyababkeun salah sahiji kulawarga dina dinasti ieu pindah ka [[Jawa]].<ref name="Moens">{{cite journal |last=Moensr|first=J.L.,|authorlink=|title=Çriwijaya, Yāva en Katāha|journal =TBG|year=1937|volume=LXXVII||issue=||pages=317-487}}</ref> Iwal ti éta Poerbatjaraka nyawang yén ieu dinasti asalna ti [[Nusantara]], dumasar [[Carita Parahiyangan]]<ref name="Poerbatjaraka">{{cite journal |last=Poerbatjaraka|first=R.N.,|authorlink=|title=Çriwijaya, de Çailendra-en de Sanjāyavança|journal =BKI|year=1956|volume=114||issue=||pages=254-264}}</ref> salajengna dikaitkeun jeung sababaraha [[prasasti]] di [[Jawa]] anu basana Malayu Kuna di antarana Prasasti Sojomerto.<ref name="Boechari">{{cite journal |last=Boechari|first=|authorlink=|title=Preliminary report on the discovery of an Old malay inscription at Sojomerto |journal =MISI|year=1966|volume=III||issue=||pages=241-251}}</ref> == Raja anu Maréntah == Para Maharaja Sriwijaya<ref name="end" /><ref name="Muljana">Slamet Muljana, 2006, ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" width="90%" !width="70px"|Taun !width="140px"|[[Ngaran]] Raja !width="140px"|Ibukota !width="400px"|[[Prasasti]], catetan ngirim utusan ka Tiongkok sarta kajadian |- |[[671]] |Dapunta Hyang atawa <br />Sri Jayanasa |Srivijaya Shih-li-fo-shih | Catetan lalampahan I Tsing di taun [[671]]-[[685]], naklukeun Malayu, naklukeun [[Jawa]] [[Prasasti]] Kedukan Bukit ([[683]]), [[Prasasti]] Talang Tuo ([[684]]), [[Prasasti]] Kota Kapur ([[686]]), [[Prasasti]] Karang Brahi jeung [[Prasasti]] Palas Pasemah |- |[[702]] |Sri Indrawarman Shih-li-t-'o-pa-mo |Sriwijaya Shih-li-fo-shih |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[702]]-[[716]], [[724]] Utusan ka Khalifah Muawiyah I jeung Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz |- |[[728]] |Rudra Vikraman Liéou-t'eng-wei-kong |Sriwijaya Shih-li-fo-shih |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[728]]-[[742]] |- |[[743]]-[[774]] | | |Teu acan aya warta dina mangsa ieu |- |[[775]] |Wisnu (raja)|Sri Maharaja |Sriwijaya |Prasasti Ligor B taun [[775]] di Nakhon Si Thammarat, kidul [[Thailand]] jeung naklukeun [[Kamboja]] |- | | |Pindah ka [[Jawa]] ([[Jawa Tengah]] atawa [[Yogyakarta]]) |Wangsa Syailendra ngagantikeun Wangsa Sanjaya |- |[[778]] |Dharanindra atawa<br /> Rakai Panangkaran |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Kelurak [[782]] di gigireun kalér kompleks [[Candi]] Prambanan [[Prasasti]] Kalasan taun [[778]] di [[Candi]] Kalasan |- |[[782]] |Samaragrawira atawa <br /> Rakai Warak |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Nalanda jeung [[prasasti]] Mantyasih taun [[907]] |- |[[792]] |Samaratungga atawa<br /> Rakai Garung |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Karang Tengah taun [[824]], [[825]] ngaréngsékeun pangwangunan [[candi]] Borobudur |- |[[840]] | | |Kabinangkitan Wangsa Sanjaya, Rakai Pikatan |- |[[856]] |Balaputradewa |Suwarnadwipa |Leungitna kakawasaan di [[Jawa]], sarta balik deui ka Suwarnadwipa [[Prasasti]] Nalanda taun [[860]], [[India]] |- |[[861]]-[[959]] | | |Teu acan aya warta di périodeu ieu |- |[[960]] |Sri Udayaditya Warmadewa Se-li-hou-ta-hia-li-tan |Sriwijaya San-fo-ts'i |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[960]], & [[962]] |- |[[980]] | | |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[980]] & [[983]]: kalawan raja, ''Hie-tche'' (Haji) |- |988 |Sri Cudamani Warmadewa Se-li-chu-la-wu-ni-fu-ma-tian-hwa |Sriwijaya Malayagiri (Suwarnadwipa) San-fo-ts'i |990 Jawa yerang Sriwijaya, Catetan ''Atiśa'',<br /> Utusan ka Tiongkok 988-992-1003,<br /> pangwangunan candi keur kaisar Cina anu dibéré ngaran <br />''cheng tien wan shou'' |- |1008 |Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman Se-li-ma-la-pi |San-fo-ts'i Kataha |Prasasti Leiden & utusan ka Tiongkok 1008 |- |1017 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i ke Tiongkok 1017: kalawan raja, ''Ha-ch'i-su-wa-ch'a-p'u'' <br />(''Haji Sumatrabhumi'' (?)); gelar ''haji'' biasana keur ''raja bawahan'' |- |1025 |Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman |Sriwijaya Kadaram |Diserang ku Rajendra Chola I jeung jadi tawanan Prasasti Tanjore tarikh 1030 dina candi Rajaraja, Tanjore, India |- |1030 | | |Dihandap Dinasti Chola ti Koromandel |- |1079 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i kalawan raja [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') ka Tiongkok 1079 mantuan renovasi candi Tien Ching di Kuang Cho (deukeut Kanton) |- |1082 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i ti ''Kien-pi'' (Jambi) ka Tiongkok 1082 jeung 1088 |- |1089-1177 | | |Teu acan aya warta |- |1178 | | |Laporan ''Chou-Ju-Kua'' dina buku ''Chu-fan-chi'' eusina daptar koloni San-fo-ts'i |- |1183 |Srimat Trailokyaraja Maulibhusana Warmadewa |Dharmasraya |Dihandap Dinasti Mauli, Karajaan Melayu, Prasasti Grahi taun 1183 di kidul [[Thailand]] |} == Warisan Sajarah == Sanajan Srwijaya ngan nyésakeun saeutik titinggal arkéologi sarta dipohokeun ti émutan masarakat pangrojongna, papanggihan deui kamaharajaan bahari ieu ku Coedés di taun [[1920]]-an geus ngabangkitkeun kasadaran yén hiji wangung persatuan politik raya, mangrupa kamaharajaan anu eusina gabungan karajaan-karajaan bahari, kungsi ngadep, tumuwuh, sarta jaya di mangsa bihari.<ref name="nya">{{cite book |title=Strategic Centrality: Indonesia's changing role in ASEAN |last=Smith |first=A.L. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2000 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |location=Singapore |isbn=981-230-103-8 |page=9 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C-IZCcEuX30C&pg=PA9&dq=Srivijaya+source+of+Indonesia+pride&cd=6#v=onepage&q=Srivijaya%20source%20of%20Indonesia%20pride&f=false/Strategic Centrality: Indonesia's changing role in ASEAN |accessdate=}}</ref> Warisan penting Sriwijaya nyaéta basana. Salila mangabad-abad kamekaran kakuatan [[ekonomi]] sarta kaperkasaan militérna, Sriwijaya boga peran badag ti nyebarna pamaké [[Basa]] Malayu Kuna di [[Nusantara]]. Sahenteuna di kawasan basisir. [[Basa]] ieu jadi [[basa]] gawé atawa [[basa]] anu fungsina salaku panghubung (''lingua franca'') digunakeun di sababaraha bandar jeung pasar kawasan [[Nusantara]].<ref name="sea.lib.niu.edu">[http://sea.lib.niu.edu/lang/malay.html Southeast Asia Digital Library: About Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710201133/http://sea.lib.niu.edu/lang/malay.html |date=2010-07-10 }}</ref> Sumebarna [[basa]] Melayu Kuna ieu mungkin geus muka sarta méré jalan keur [[Basa]] Melayu salaku [[basa]] nasional [[Malaysia]], jeung [[Basa Indonesia]] salaku basa “pemersatu” [[Indonesia]] kiwari.<ref name="sea.lib.niu.edu"/> Di sagigireun Majapahit, kaum nasionalis [[Indonesia]] ogé ngagungkeun Sriwijaya salaku sumber kabagjaan jeung bukti kajayaan mangsa bihari [[Indonesia]].<ref name="nya"/> Kajayaan Sriwijaya geus jadi sumber kabagjaan nasinal sarta identitas daérah, hususna keur masarakat [[kota]] Palembang, provinsi [[Sumatera Selatan]], kaagungan Sriwijaya geus jadi inspirasi seni budaya, saperti lagu jeung tarian tradisional Gending Sriwijaya. Hal anu sarua ogé lumaku ka masarakat kidul [[Thailand]] anu nyiptakeun tarian ''Sevichai'' dumasar kana kaanggunan seni [[budaya]] Sriwijaya. Di [[Indonesia]], ngaran Sriwijaya geus digunakeun sarta diabadikeun salaku ngaran jalan di sababaraha [[kota]], sarta ngaran ieu digunakeun ku Universitas Sriwijaya anu diadegkeun taun [[1960]] di Palembang. Kitu ogé Komando Daerah Militer II/Sriwijaya (unit komando militer), PT Pupuk Sriwijaya (Perusahaan Pupuk di Sumatera Selatan), Sriwijaya Post (Surat kabar harian di Palembang), Sriwijaya TV, Sriwijaya Air (maskapai penerbangan), Stadion Gelora Sriwijaya, jeung Sriwijaya Football Club (Klab sepak bola Palembang), sakabéh dingaranan kitu keur ngahormatan, ngamuliakeun, sarta ngarayakeun kamaharajaan Sriwijaya anu agung. <gallery> Gambar:KedukanBukit001.jpg|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] Gambar:Prasasti Kota Kapur.jpg|Prasasti Kota Kapur Gambar:Talang Tuo Inscription.jpg|Prasasti Talang Tuo Gambar:Telaga Batu inscription.JPG|[[Prasasti Telaga Batu]] Gambar:Southeast Asia trade route map XIIcentury.jpg|Peta Abad XII-XIII </gallery> == Catetan == {{reflist|2}} == Tumbu luar == * {{id}} [http://history.melayuonline.com/?a=c3NWL29QTS9VenVwRnRCb20%3D= Kerajaan Sriwijaya di MelayuOnline.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313065110/http://history.melayuonline.com/?a=c3nwl29qts9venvwrnrcb20== |date=2016-03-13 }} * {{id}} [http://arkeologi.palembang.go.id/ Balai Arkeologi Palembang dan Sriwijaya Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223013428/http://arkeologi.palembang.go.id/ |date=2015-12-23 }} * {{en}} [http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/hindu.htm Sejarah Melayu, Buddhist Empires] * {{en}} [http://epress.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/mobile_devices/ch15s05.html Śrīwijaya: A Centre of Learning?] {{featured article}} {{Artikel Geulis}} [[Kategori:Karajaan Sriwijaya]] [[Kategori:Karajaan di Sumatera]] nl38t0mht6txuqi0vko5gbst3kzxmfb 712806 712805 2026-09-22T09:47:31Z Faizi123456 37449 /* */ 712806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country |conventional_long_name = Sri Wijaya |common_name = Sriwijaya |native_name = Kadatuan Sriwijaya |continent = pindah ti Kategori:Asia ka Asia Tenggara |region = Asia Tenggara (Asia Kidul Wétan) |country = Republik Indonésia |religion = <nowiki> •[Buda Mahayana]],</nowiki> •[[Animismeu]] jeung •[[Hindu]] •[Islam] |p1 = Kantoli |p2 = Sailéndra |s1 = Dharmasraya |s2 = Karaijaan Singapura |year_start = 650 |year_end = 1377 |date_start = |date_end = |event_start = Ékspédisi jeung ékspansi Dapunta Hyang, ([[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]]) |event_end = Taluk ka [[Singasari]] 1288, [[Majapait]] mungkas baruntakna Sriwijaya taun 1377 |image_coat = |symbol_type = |image_map = Srivijaya Empire.svg |image_map_caption = Lega maksimeum Kakaisaran Sriwijaya kurang leuwih abad ka-8 kalayan runtuyan ékspédisi jeung ékspansina |capital = * [[Palémbang]] <br/> * Jawa Tengah (mangsa [[Sailéndra]] awal) * [[Chaiya]] (ibu kota régional) * [[Jambi]] (mangsa katompérnakeun) |common_languages = , [[Sangsakerta]] |government_type = Karajaan |title_leader = Maharaja |leader1 = Jayanasa |year_leader1 = Kira-kira taun 683 |leader2 = Dharmasetu |year_leader2 = Kira-kira taun 775 |leader3 = Samaratunga |year_leader3 = Kira-kira taun 792 |leader4 = Balaputra |year_leader4 = Kira-kira taun 835 |leader5 = [[Sri Culamanivarmadeva]] |year_leader5 = Kira-kira taun 988 |currency = Koin emas jeung perak murni |category= |today = {{flag|Indonesia}} |footnotes = }} '''Sriwijaya''' (atawa disebut ogé '''Srivijaya'''; Thai: ศรีวิชัย atawa "Ṣ̄rī wichạy") nyaéta salah sahiji kamaharakaan maritim anu kungsi ngadeg di [[pulo]] [[Sumatera]] jeung loba méré pangaruh di [[Nusantara]] kalawan wewengkon kakawasaanna ti [[Kamboja]], [[Thailand]] [[Kidul]], Semenanjung Malaya, [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], jeung basisir [[Kalimantan]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=Les inscriptions malaises de Çrivijaya|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient (BEFEO) |year=1930|volume=30||issue=||pages=29-80}}</ref><ref name="end">{{cite book |last=Munoz|first=Paul Michel|title=Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|year=2006|location=Singapore|url=https://archive.org/details/earlykingdomsofi0000muno|doi= |id= ISBN 981-4155-67-5}}</ref> Dina [[basa]] Sansekerta, ''sri'' artina "gurilap" atawa "burinyay", jeung ''wijaya'' artina "menang" atawa "kajayaan",<ref name="end" /> ku kituna ngaran Sriwijaya boga makna "kajayaan anu gumilang". Bukti munggaran ngeunaan ayana karajaan ieu asalna ti [[abad ka-7]]; saurang pandita ti [[Tiongkok]] I Tsing, nuliskeun yén anjeunna datang ka Sriwijaya [[taun]] [[671]] jeung dumuk salila [[6]] [[bulan]].<ref>Gabriel Ferrand, (1922), ''L’Empire Sumatranais de Crivijaya'', Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, “Textes Chinois”</ref><ref name="Takakusu">Junjiro Takakusu, (1896), ''A record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago AD 671-695, by I-tsing'', Oxford, London.</ref> Salajengna prasasti nu pangkolotna ngeunaan Sriwijaya ogé dina [[abad ka-7]], nyaéta [[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] di Palembang, taun [[682]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Casparis |first=J.G.|authorlink=Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis|title=Indonesian palaeography: a history of writing in Indonesia from the beginnings to C. A, Part 1500 |year=1975 |publisher=E. J. Brill |id=ISBN 90-04-04172-9 }}</ref> Mundurna pangaruh Sriwijaya ka wewengkon handapna dimimitian ku sabab sababaraha perang <ref name="end" /> di antarana serangan ti raja Dharmawangsa Teguh ti [[Jawa]] di taun [[990]], jeung taun [[1025]] serangan Rajendra Chola I ti Koromandel, salajengna taun [[1183]] kakawasaan Sriwijaya di handap pangaruh karajaan Dharmasraya.<ref name="Muljana">{{cite book |last=Muljana|first=Slamet|authorlink=Slamet Muljana|title= Sriwijaya|url=https://archive.org/details/Sriwijaya|editor= F.W. Stapel|publisher=PT. LKiS Pelangi Aksara|year=2006 |location= |pages=|id=ISBN 978-979-8451-62-1 }}</ref><ref name="Suwarno">{{Citation | last =Suwarno| first = Suwarno| coauthors =P.J.| year = 1993| title =Pancasila budaya bangsa Indonesia: penelitian Pancasila dengan pendekatan, historis, filosofis & sosio-yuridis kenegaraan|page=18|location=Jakarta| publisher =Kanisius| isbn =9789794139677| Url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=x-A0wy95LUQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=budaya&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB3OyS66_oAhXKyTgGHZwZBesQ6AEIUTAG#v=onepage&q=budaya&f=false}}</ref> Sanggeus runtag, karajaan ieu dipohokeun jeung éksisténsina dipikanyaho liwat publikasi taun [[1918]] ti ahli [[sajarah]] [[Perancis]] Géorge Cœdés ti ''École française d'Extrême-Orient''.<ref name="Cœdés">{{cite journal |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=Le Royaume de Çriwijaya|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient|year=1918|volume=18||issue=6||pages=1-36}}</ref> == Catetan [[sajarah]] == Euweuh catetan leuwih jero ngeunaan Sriwijaya dina [[sajarah]] [[Indonesia]]; Ingetan nu kapopohokeun diwangun deui ku sarjana asing. euweuh urang [[Indonesia]] modérn anu nguping ngeunaan Sriwijaya nepi taun [[1920]]-an, nalika sarjana [[Perancis]] Géorge Cœdés ngawanohkeun pamanggihna dina koran [[basa Walanda]] jeung [[basa Indonesia]].<ref name="TAYLOR">{{cite book |last=Taylor|first=Jean Gelman|title=Indonesia: Peoples and Histories|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2003 |location= New Haven and London|url=https://archive.org/details/indonesia00jean|doi= |pages=|id= ISBN 0-300-10518-5}}</ref> Coedés ngebrehkeun yén referensi Tiongkok ka "San-fo-ts'i", sateuacanna dibaca "Sribhoja", sarta sababaraha [[prasasti]] dina [[basa]] Malayu Kuna ngarujuk ka kaisar nu sarua.<ref>{{cite book |last=Krom|first=N.J.|chapter= Het Hindoe-tijdperk |title= Geschiedenis van Nederlandsch Indië|editor= F.W. Stapel|publisher=N.V. U.M. Joost van den Vondel|year=1938 |location= Amsterdam|url= |doi= |pages= vol. I p. 149|id= }}</ref> Sriwijaya jadi perlambang kaagungan [[Sumatera]] awal, jeung karajaan badag [[Nusantara]] iwal Majapahit di [[Jawa]] Wétan. Dina [[abad ka-20]], dua karajaan éta jadi referensi ku kaom nasionalis pikeun nunjukkeun yén [[Indonésia]] mangrupa hiji nagara sateuacan [[Hindia Walanda]].<ref name="TAYLOR"/> Sriwijaya disebut ku sababaraha ngaran. Urang Tionghoa nyebutna ''Shih-li-fo-shih'' atawa ''San-fo-ts'i'' atawa ''San Fo Qi''. Dina basa Sansekerta jeung Pali, karajaan Sriwijaya disebut ''Yavadesh'' jeung ''Javadeh''. Bangsa Arab nyebutna ''Zabaj'' jeung Khmer nyebutna ''Malayu''. Loba ngaran mangrupa alesan séjén kunaon Sriwijaya hésé kapanggih.<ref name="end" /> Iwal ti peta Claudius Ptolemaeus kapanggih katerangan ngeunaan ayana 3 [[pulo]] ''Sabadeibei'' nu mungkin aya pakaitna jeung Sriwijaya.<ref name="Muljana"/> Dina taun [[1993]], Pierre-Yves Manguin ngalakukeun ''observasi'' jeung méré sawangan yén puseur Sriwijaya ayana di ''Sungai'' Musi antara Bukit Seguntang jeung Sabokingking (nu ayana di provinsi [[Sumatera]] Kidul kiwari).<ref name="end" /> Namung sateuacanna Soekmono nyawang yén puseur Sriwijaya ayana di wewengkon sehiliran Batang Hari, antara Muara Sabak nepi ka Muara Tembesi (di provinsi [[Jambi]] kiwari),<ref name="Muljana"/> kalawan catetan Karajaan Melayu teu di kawasan eta, lamun Malayu di kawasan éta, condong ka pamadegan Moens,<ref name="Soekmono2">{{cite book |last=Soekmono|first=R.|authorlink=Soekmono |title=Pengantar sejarah kebudayaan Indonesia 2|year=2002 |publisher=Kanisius |id=ISBN 979-413-290-X }}</ref> anu sateuacanna oé geus boga sawangan yén puseur karajaan Sriwijaya aya di kawasan [[Candi]] Muara Takus (provinsi [[Riau]] kiwari), kalawan asumsi nunjuk ka lalampahan dina catetan I Tsing,<ref name="Poesponegoro">Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro, Nugroho Notosusanto, (1992), ''Sejarah nasional Indonesia: Jaman kuna'', PT Balai Pustaka, ISBN 979-407-408-X</ref> sarta hal ieu bisa ogé dikaitkeun jeung warta ngeunaan diadegkeunna candi nu disembahkeun ku raja Sriwijaya (''Se li chu la wu ni fu ma tian hwa'' atawa Sri Cudamaniwarmadewa) taun [[1003]] ka kaisar [[Cina]] anu dingaranan ''cheng tien wan shou'' ([[Candi]] Bungsu, salah sahiji bagéan [[candi]] nu ayana di Muara Takus).<ref>''Forgotten Kingdoms in Sumatra'', Brill Archive</ref> Namung nu pasti dina mangsa kakawasaan Rajendra Chola I, dumasar prasasti Tanjore, Sriwijaya puseur dayeuhna di ''Kadaram'' (Kedah kiwari).<ref name="Muljana"/> == Pangwangunan jeung Kamekaran == Teu acan aya bukti fisik ngeunaan Sriwijaya anu kapanggih.<ref name="TAYLOR"/> Karajaan ieu jadi puseur niaga jeung mangrupa nagara maritim, namung karajaan ieu teu ngagedéan kakawasaana si luar wilayah kapuloan [[Asia Tenggara]]. Sababaraha ahli masih madungdengkeun kawasan nu jadi puseur pamaréntahan Sriwijaya, salian éta mungkin karajaan ieu biasa mindahkeun puseur pamaréntahanna, namung kawasan nu jadi puseur dayeuh angger diparéntah langsung ku pangawasa, sedengkeun wewengkon pangrojongna diparentah ku dātu. [[Gambar:Candi Gumpung Muarojambi.jpg|left|thumb|[[Candi]] Gumpung, [[candi]] Buddha di Muaro Jambi, Karajaan Melayu anu ditaklukeun ku Sriwijaya.]] [[Gambar:Chaiya Wat Kaew.jpg|left|thumb|Puing Wat ([[Candi]]) Kaew anu asalna ti zaman Sriwijaya di Chaiya, [[Thailand]] Selatan.]] [[Gambar:Borobudur Northwest View.jpg|left|thumb|[[Candi]] Borobudur, pangwangunanna diréngsékeun di masa Samaratungga]] Kakaisaran Sriwijaya geus aya ti [[671]] saluyu jeung catetan I Tsing, di prasasti Kedukan Bukit di taun [[682]] dipikanyaho imperium ieu di handap kapamingpinan Dapunta Hyang. Di [[abad ka-7]] ieu, urang Tionghoa nyatet yén aya [[2|dua]] karajaan nyaéta ''Malayu'' jeung ''Kedah'' jadi bagéan kamaharajaan Sriwijaya.<ref name="end" /> Dumasar prasasti Kota Kapur anu angkana taun [[686]] kapanggih di pulo Bangka, kamaharajaan ieu geus ngawasa bagéan kidul [[Sumatera]], [[pulo]] Bangka jeung Belitung, nepi ka [[Lampung]]. [[Prasasti]] ieu ogé nyabutkeun yén Sri Jayanasa geus nyieun ekspedisi militer keur ngahukum ''Bhumi [[Jawa]]'' anu teu babakti ka Sriwijaya, kajadian ieu babarengan jeung runtagna [[Tarumanagara]] di [[Jawa Kulon]] jeung Holing (Kalingga) di [[Jawa Tengah]] nu kamungkinan sabab serangan Sriwijaya. Sriwijaya mekar jeung bisa ngandalikeun jalur paniagaan mariti di Selat Malaka, [[Selat Sunda]], Laut [[China]] Kidul, Laut [[Jawa]], jeung Selat Karimata. Ekspansi karajaan ieu ka Jawa jeung Semenanjung Malaya, ngajadikeun Sriwijaya ngontrol dua puseur paniagaan utama di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Dumasar observasi, kapanggih sésa [[candi]]-[[candi]] Sriwijaya di [[Thailand]] jeung [[Kamboja]]. Di [[abad ka-7]], palabuan Cham di beulah wetan Indochina mulai ngalihkeun loba padagang ti Sriwijaya. Keur nyegah hal éta, Maharaja Dharmasetu nyieun serangan ka dayeuh-dayeuh basisir Indochina. Dayeuh Indrapura di sisi sungai Mekong, di mimiti [[abad ka-8]] aya di handap kakawasaan Sriwijaya. Sriwijaya neruskeun dominasi ka [[Kamboja]], nepi raja Khmer Jayawarman II, nu ngadegkeun imperium Khmer, megatkeun hubungan jeung Sriwijaya di [[abad]] nu sarua.<ref name="end" /> Di ahir [[abad ka-8]] karajaan di [[Jawa]] Holing aya di handap kakawasaan Sriwijaya. Nurutkeun catetan, dina mangsa éta ogé wangsa Sailendra migrasi ka [[Jawa Tengah]] jeung boga kawasa di dinya. Di abad ieu oge, Langkasuka di semenanjung Melayu jadi bagéan karajaan.<ref name="end" /> Di masa salajengna, Pan Pan jeung Trambralinga, nu ayana di beulah kalér Langkasuka, ogé aya di handap pangaruh Sriwijaya. Sanggeus Dharmasetu, Samaratungga jadi panerus karajaan. Anjeunna ngawasa dina périodeu [[792]] nepi [[835]]. Teu jiga Dharmasetu nu ekspansionis, Samaratungga teu ngalakukeun ekspansi militer, namung leuwih milih keur nguatkeun pangawasaan Sriwijaya di [[Jawa]]. Salila masa kapamingpinanna, anjeunna ngawangun [[Candi]] Borobudur di [[Jawa Tengah]] nu réngsé di taun [[825]].<ref name="end" /> == Agama == [[Gambar:Muara Takus temple.jpg|thumb|[[Candi]] Muara Takus, salah sahiji kawasan anu dianggep salaku puseur dayeuh Sriwijaya.]] Salaku puseur pangajaran Buddha Vajrayana, Sriwijaya ngirut loba paziarah jeung sarjana ti [[nagara]]-[[nagara]] [[Asia]]. Antarana nyaéta pandita ti Tiongkok I Tsing, anu ngalakukeun kunjungan ka [[Sumatera]] dina lalampahan studina di Universitas Nalanda, [[India]], di taun [[671]] jeung [[695]], I Tsing ngalaporkeun yén Sriwijaya jadi imah keur sarjana Buddha nepi ka jadi puseur pangajaran [[agama]] Buddha. Sémah anu datang ka [[pulo]] ieu nyebatkeun yén koin [[emas]] geus digunakeun di basisir karajaan. Salian ti ajaran Buddha aliran, Buddha Hinayana jeung Buddha Mahayana ogé ngilu mekar di Sriwijaya. Nepi ka ahir [[abad ka-10]], ''Atiśa'', saurang sarjana Buddha asal Benggala anu boga peran dina ngamekarkeun Buddha Vajrayana di Tibet dina kertas gawéna ''Durbodhāloka'' nyebutkeun ditulis dina mangsa pamarétahan Sri Cudamani Warmadewa pangawasa ''Sriwijayanagara'' di ''Malayagiri'' di ''Suvarnadvipa''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1996|id=ISBN 0-8248-0368-X}}</ref> Karajaan Sriwijaya loba dipangaruhan ku [[budaya]] [[India]], mimitina ku [[budaya]] [[Hindu]] salajengna diturut ku agama Buddha. Raja-raja Sriwijaya ngawasaan kapuloan Melayu ngaliwatan niaga jeung naklukeun ti [[abad ka-7]] nepi [[abad ka-9]], sacara langsung ngilu ngembangkeun [[basa]] Melayu sarta kabudayaanna di [[Nusantara]]. <blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:45%; margin:0 0em 1em .25em; float:right; padding: 10px; display:table; margin-left:10px;">".... loba raja jeung pamingpin anu aya di pulo-pulo di Laut Kidul percaya jeung ngajén Buddha, dihaté aranjeunna geus kapelak kahadéan. Di jero benteng dayeuh Sriwijaya dipinuhan leuwih ti [[1000]] biksu Buddha, anu diajar kalawan tekun jeung ngamalkeunna kalawan hadé...Lamun biarawan [[China]] hayang ka [[India]] keur diajar “Sabda”, leuwih hadé aranjeunna dumuk heula di dieu salila sataun atawa dua taun keur neuleuman élmuna sateuacan dilanjutkeun di [[India]]".<p style="text-align: right;">— Gambaran Sriwijaya nurutkeun I Tsing.<ref name="Takakusu"/></blockquote> Mungkin ogé yén Sriwijaya nu kamahsyur salaku bandar puseur paniagaan di [[Asia Tenggara]], tangtu waé ngirut minat padagang jeung ulama [[muslim]] ti Timur Tengah, nepi ka sababaraha karajaan nu mimitina mangrupa bagéan Sriwijaya, salajengna tumuwuh jadi cikal-bakal karajaan-karajaan [[Islam]] di [[Sumatera]], nalika lemahna pangaruh Sriwijaya.<ref name="end" /> Aya sumber nu nyebutkeun, ku sabab pangaruh [[muslim]] Arab anu loba datang jeung niaga di Sriwijaya, ku kituna saurang raja Sriwijaya anu ngaranna Sri Indrawarman di taun [[718]] disebutkeun yén anjeunna asup [[Islam]] <ref>{{cite book |first=H. Zainal Abidin |last=Ahmad|title=Ilmu politik Islam V, Sejarah Islam dan Umatnya sampai sekarang|publisher=Bulan Bintang|year=1979}}</ref> atawa sahenteuna kairut keur diajar [[Islam]] jeung kabudayaan Arab, nepi ka mungkin kahirupan sosial Sriwijaya nyaéta masarakat sosial anu di jerona aya masarakat Buddha jeung [[Muslim]] sakaligus. Kacatet sababaraha kali raja Sriwijaya ngirim surat ka khalifah [[Islam]] di Damaskus, [[Suriah]]. Dina salah sahiji naskah surat anu ditujukeun ka khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz ([[717]]-[[720]]) eusina paménta ka khalifah sangkan ngirimkeun da’i ka istana Sriwijaya.<ref name="Prof">{{cite book |last=Prof. Dr. Azyumardi Azra, MA.,|title=Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII & XVIII|publisher=Mizan|year=1994|location=Jakarta}}</ref> == [[Budaya]] == Dumasar sababaraha sumber [[sajarah]], hiji masarakat anu kompleks jeung kosmopolitan anu dipangaruhan ku alam pikir Buddha Wajrayana digambarkeun mekar di puseur dayeuh Sriwijaya. Sababaraha prasasti Siddhayatra [[abad ka-7]] saperti [[Prasasti]] Talang Tuwo ngagambarkeun ritual Buddha anu ngaberkatan kajadian pinuh berkah nyaéta peresmian Taman Sriketra, anugerah Maharaja Sriwijaya keur rahayatna. [[Prasasti Telaga Batu]] ngagambarkeun karumitan jeung tingkatan jabatan pajabat karajaan, iwal ti éta [[Prasasti]] Kota Kapur nyebutkeun kagagahan balatentara Sriwijaya di handap [[Jawa]]. Sakabéh [[prasasti]] éta ngagunakeun [[Basa]] Melayu Kuno, [[basa]] anu digunakeun ku Sriwijaya nyaéta leluhur [[Basa]] Melayu jeung [[Basa Indonesia]] modérn. Ti [[abad ka-7]], [[basa]] Melayu Kuno geus digunakeun di [[Nusantara]] ditandaan kalawan kapanggihna sababaraha [[prasasti]] Sriwijaya jeung sababaraha [[prasasti]] [[basa]] Melayu Kuno di tempat séjén, saperti anu kapanggih di [[pulo Jawa]]. Hubungan dagang anu dilakukeun salaku bangsa [[Nusantara]] jadi wahana nyebarkeun [[basa]] Melayu, ku sabab [[basa]] ieu jadi alat [[komunikasi]] keur kaom padagang. Ti dinya, [[basa]] Melayu jadi ''lingua franca'' sarta digunakeun sacara luas ku loba panutur di kapuloan [[Nusantara]].<ref>[http://melayuonline.com/eng/researcher/dig/16/bambang-budi-utomo Melayu Online: Bambang Budi Utomo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005220517/http://melayuonline.com/eng/researcher/dig/16/bambang-budi-utomo |date=2011-10-05 }}</ref> Sanajan disebut mibanda kakuatan [[ekonomi]] jeung kaperkasaan militer, Sriwijaya ngan ninggalkeun saeutik patilasan purbakala di jajantung nagarana di [[Sumatera]], béda jeung episode Sriwijaya di [[Jawa Tengah]] nalika kapamingpinan wangsa Syailendra anu loba ngawangun monumen badag; saperti [[Candi]] Kalasan, [[Candi]] Sewu, jeung Borobudur. [[Candi]]-[[candi]] Buddha anu asalna ti masa Sriwijaya di [[Sumatera]] di antarana [[Candi]] Muaro [[Jambi]], [[Candi]] Muara Takus, jeung Biaro Bahal, tatapi teu saperti [[candi]] périodeu [[Jawa Tengah]] anu dijieun ti [[batu]] [[andesit]], [[candi]] di [[Sumatera]] dijieun ti bata [[beureum]]. Sababaraha arca sipatna Buddhisme, saperti sababaraha [[arca]] Buddha jeung Bodhisatva Awalokiteswara kapanggih di Bukit Seguntang, Palembang<ref>[http://www.epalembang.com/lang/en/travel-tourism/landmarks/bukit-siguntang/ Bukit Siguntang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304222750/http://www.epalembang.com/lang/en/travel-tourism/landmarks/bukit-siguntang/ |date=2012-03-04 }}</ref>, Jambi<ref>Titik Temu, Jejak Peradaban di Tepi Batanghari, Photograph and artifact exhibition of Muara Jambi Archaeological site, Bentara Budaya Jakarta, 9-11 November 2006</ref>, Bidor, Perak,<ref>[http://exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg/kaalachakra/art_and_Architecture1.htm KaalaChaKra, Early Indian Influences in Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720113310/http://exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg/kaalachakra/art_and_Architecture1.htm |date=2011-07-20 }}</ref> jeung Chaiya<ref>[http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/Srivijaya-7th-13th-Century/Avalokitesvara-figure-from-the-Srivijaya-Period-found-in-Chaiya-Thailand-9th-10th-century-bronze/6680daf37df64243a2cf59d12ea94fb0?key=%20Bangkok%20Thailand&thumb=x150&num=15&page=14 Bridgeman: Avalokitesvara figure from the Srivijaya Period, found in Chaiya, Thailand, 9th-10th century (bronze)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930092211/http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/Srivijaya-7th-13th-Century/Avalokitesvara-figure-from-the-Srivijaya-Period-found-in-Chaiya-Thailand-9th-10th-century-bronze/6680daf37df64243a2cf59d12ea94fb0?key=%20Bangkok%20Thailand&thumb=x150&num=15&page=14 |date=2011-09-30 }}</ref>. Sakabéh arca-arca ieu nampilkeun kaagrengan jeung langgam nu sarua saperti "Seni Sriwijaya" atawa "Langgam/Gaya Sriwijaya" anu nembongkeun kamiripan ku langgam Amarawati India jeung langgam Syailendra Jawa (di [[abad ka-8]] nepi [[abad ka-9]]).<ref>[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=183 Srivijaya Art In Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707103338/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=183 |date=2006-07-07 }}</ref> == Paniagaan == Di dunya paniagaan, Sriwijaya jadi pangatur padagangan ti [[India]] jeung Tiondkok, nyaéta ngawasaan selat Malaka jeung [[selat Sunda]]. Urang [[Saudi Arabia|Arab]] nyatet yén Sriwijaya mibanda komoditas nu loba nyaéta kapur barus, kayu gaharu, cengkeh, pala, kapulaga, gading, [[emas]] sarta timah anu nyieun raja Sriwijaya sabeunghar raja-raja di [[India]]..<ref name="Poesponegoro"/> Kabeunghatan anu loba geus ngamungkinkeun Sriwijaya meuli kasetiaan vassal-vassalnya di sakabéh [[Asia Tenggara]]. Salian ngajalin hubungan dagang jeung [[India]] sarta Tiongkok, Sriwijaya ogé ngajalin paniagaan jeung taneuh Arab, ngamungkinkeun utusan Maharaja Sri Indrawarman anu nganteurkeun [[surat]] ka khalifah Umar bin Abdul-Aziz ti Bani Umayyah taun [[718]] balik deui ka Sriwijaya kalawan mawa hadian 'Zanji'' (budak wanita berkulit hitam), sarta ti kronik Tiongkok disebutkeun ''Shih-li-fo-shih'' kalawan rajana ''Shih-li-t-'o-pa-mo'' (Sri Indrawarman) di taun [[724]] ngirimkeun hadiah keur kaisar [[China]], mangrupa ''ts'engchi'' (maksudna sarua jeung ''Zanji'' dina basa Arab).<ref name="Azra">{{cite book |last=Azra|first=Azyumardi|authorlink=Azyumardi Azra|title=Islam in the Indonesian world: an account of institutional formation|publisher=Mizan Pustaka|year=2006|id= ISBN 979-433-430-8}}</ref> Dina mimiti [[abad ka-10]], di antara runtagna dinasti Tang jeung naékna dinasti Song, padagangan jeung luar [[nagara]] cukup ramé, utamana Fujian, Karajaan Min jeung Karajaan Nan Han kalawan [[nagara]] beungharna Guangdong. Sriwijaya meunang kauntungan ti padagangan ieu.<ref name="Azra" /> == Relasi jeung Kakuatan Regional == [[Gambar:Borom That Chaiya.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Pagoda Borom That gaya Sriwijaya di Chaiya, [[Thailand]].]] Keur nguatkeun posisina di luhun pangawasaan di kawasan di [[Asia Tenggara]], Sriwijaya ngajalin hubungan diplomasi kalawan Kaisar [[Cina]], jeung sacara kaatus nganteurkeun utusan jeung upeti.<ref>Oliver W. Wolters, (1967), ''Early Indonesian Commerce: a study of the origins of Śrīvijaya'', Cornell University Press, Ithaca.</ref> Dina mangsa awal Karajaan Khmer mangrupa daérah jajahan Sriwijaya. Loba ahli sajarah ngaklaim yén Chaiya, di provinsi Surat Thani, [[Thailand]] Kidul, salaku puseur dayeuh karajaan éta, pangaruh Sriwijaya katempo dina wangunan pagoda Borom That anu gayana Sriwijaya. Nepi ka runtagna Sriwijaya, Chaiya kabagi jadi tilu dayeuh nyaéta (Mueang) Chaiya, Thatong (Kanchanadit), jeung Khirirat Nikhom. Sriwijaya ogé deukeut jeung karajaan Pala di Benggala, dina [[prasasti]] Nalanda angkana [[860]] nyatet yén raja Balaputradewa ngadedikasikeun hiji biara ka Nalanda. Relasi jeung dinasti Chola ti kidul [[India]] ogé deukeut pisan, ti [[Prasasti]] Leiden disebatkeun yén raja Sriwijaya di ''Kataha'' Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman geus ngawangun hiji vihara anu dingaranan ku ''Vihara Culamanivarmma'', namung jadi goréng sanggeus Rajendra Chola I naék tahta anu ngalakukeun serangan di [[abad ka-11]]. Tuluy hubungan ieu balik deui ka mangsa Kulothunga Chola I, di dinya raja Sriwijaya di Kadaram ngirimkeun utusan nu ménta dikaluarkeunna bagéan ti dinasti Chola, ti kronik Tiongkok nyebutkeun yén Kulothunga Chola I (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') salaku raja San-fo-ts'i ngabantuan renovasi candi deukeut Kanton di taun [[1079]], dina mangsa dinasti Song [[candi]] ieu disebut ku ngaran ''Tien Ching Kuan'' jeung di mangsa dinasti Yuan disebut ku ngaran ''Yuan Miau Kwan''.<ref name="Muljana"/> == Mangsa Kaemasan == [[Gambar:Avalokiteçvara, Malayu Srivijaya style.jpg|left|thumb|[[Arca]] emas Avalokiteçvara gaya Malayu-Sriwijaya, kapanggih di Rantaukapastuo, Muarabulian, [[Jambi]], [[Indonésia]].]] Kamaharajaan Sriwijaya nyirikeun karajaan maritim, ngandelkeun hégemoni dina tanaga armada lautna dina ngawasaan alur palayaran, jalur padagangan, ngawasaan jeung ngawangun sababaraha kawasan stratégis salaku pangkalan armadana dina ngawas, ngalindungi kapal dagang, nagih cukai sarta keur ngajaga wilayah kadaulatan jeung kakawasaanna..<ref>{{cite book |last=Pramono|first=Djoko |title=Budaya bahari|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|year=2005|id=ISBN 979-22-1351-1}}</ref> [[Gambar:Borobudur ship.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Model kapal taun [[800-an|800-an Masehi]] anu aya dina candi Borobudur]] Dina catetan sajarah jeung bukti arkeologi, dina [[abad ka-9]] Sriwijaya geus ngalakukeun kolonisasi di sakabeh karajaan-karajaan [[Asia Tenggara]], antarana: [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], Semenanjung Malaya, [[Thailand]], [[Kamboja]], [[Vietnam]],<ref name="end" /> jeung [[Filipina]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rasul|first=Jainal D.|title=Agonies and Dreams: The Filipino Muslims and Other Minorities"|publisher=CARE Minorities|year=2003|location=Quezon City|url= |doi= |pages=pages 77|id=}}</ref> Dominasi di [[Selat Malaka]] jeung [[Selat Sunda]], ngajadikeun Sriwijaya salaku pangawas rute padagangan rempah jeung padagangan lokal anu meunang bayaran ti unggal kapal anu ngaliwat. Sriwijaya ngaakumulasikeun kabeungharanna salaku palabuan jeung gudang padagangan anu ngalayanan pasar Tiongkok jeung [[India]]. Sriwijaya ogé disebut boga peran ngaruntagkeun karajaan Medang di [[Jawa]], dina prasasti Pucangan disebutkeunn salaku kajadian ''Mahapralaya'' nyaéta kajadian runtagna istana Medang di [[Jawa Timur]], ''Haji Wurawari'' ti ''Lwaram'' anu kamungkinan mangrupa raja handapeun Sriwijaya, dina taun [[1006]] atawa [[1016]] nyerang jeung nyababkeun kabunuhna raja Medang pamungkas. Dharmawangsa Teguh.<ref name="Muljana"/> == Ambang Wates Sriwijaya == Taun [[1017]] jeung [[1025]], Rajendra Chola I, raja ti dinasti Chola di Pantai Koromandel, [[India]] kidul, ngirim ekspedisi [[laut]] keur nyerang Sriwijaya, dumasar [[prasasti]] Tanjore taun [[1030]], karajaan Chola geus naklukkeun wewengkon – wewengkon koloni Sriwijaya, sakaligus meunang ngalawan raja Sriwijaya nu boga kawasa dina mangsa éta Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman. Salila sababaraha dekade saterusna, sakabeh imperium Sriwijaya geus aya dina pangaruh dina Chola. Sanajan kitu Rajendra Chola I geus méré lolongkrang ka raja-raja anu ditaklukeunna keur tetep boga kawasa salila tetep taluk ka anjeunna.<ref>Sastri K. A. N., (1935). ''The Cholas''. University of Madras.</ref> Hal ieu bisa dipatalikeun jeung ayana warta utusanna ''San-fo-ts'i'' ka Cina taun [[1028]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kulke |first=H. |authorlink= |coauthors=Kesavapany, K.; Sakhuja, V.|title=Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |year=2009 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian |location= |id=ISBN 981-230-936-5 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;font-size:90%" !colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700;" | Kawasan Sriwijaya dina prasasti Tanjore |- ! Ngaran kawasan !! Katerangan |- | Pannai || Kerajaan Pannai |- | Malaiyur || Kerajaan Melayu |- | Mayirudingam || |- | Ilangasogam || Langkasuka |- | Mappappalam || |- | Mevilimbangam || |- | Valaippanduru || |- | Takkolam || |- | Madamalingam || Tambralingga |- | Ilamuri-Desam || Lamuri |- | Nakkavaram || Nikobar |- | Kadaram || Kedah |} Namung dina mangsa ieu Sriwijaya dianggep geus jadi bagéan ti dinasti Chola, ti kronik Tiongkok nyebutkeun yén dina taun [[1079]] Kulothunga Chola I (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') raja dinasti Chola disebut ogé salaku raja San-fo-ts'i, anu salajengna ngirimkeun utusan keur ngabantuan renovasi candi deukeut Kanton. Salajengna dina warta [[Cina]] anu judulna ''Sung Hui Yao'' disebutkeun yén karajaan San-fo-tsi dina taun [[1082]] masih ngirimkeun utusan dina mangsa Cina di handap pamaréntahan Kaisar Yuan Fong. Duta besar éta ogé nepikeun [[surat]] ti raja ''Kien-pi'' handapeun San-fo-tsi, anu mangrupa [[surat]] ti putri raja anu dipasrahkeun urusan nagara san-fo-tsi, sarta nyerahkeun [[227]] tahil perhiasan, rumbia, sarta 13 baju. Salajengna ogé ngirimkeun utusan di taun [[1088]].<ref name="end" /> Pangaruh invasi Rajendra Chola I, ka hegemoni Sriwijaya kalawan raja-raja handapeunna ngaheureutan, sababaraha daerah handapan ngaleupaskeun manéh, nepin ka muncul Dharmasraya salaku kakuatan anyar anu salajengna ngawasaan deui wilayah jajahan Sriwijaya mimiti ti kawasan Semenajung Malaya, [[Sumatera]], sampai [[Jawa]] bagian barat. Dumasar sumber Tiongkok dina buku ''Chu-fan-chi''<ref>{{cite book |last=Hirth |first=F. |authorlink= |coauthors=Rockhill, W.W. |title=Chao Ju-kua, His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteen centuries, entitled Chu-fan-chi |year=1911 |publisher=St Petersburg}}.</ref> anu ditulis di taun 1178, ''Chou-Ju-Kua'' ngajelaskeun yén di kapuloan [[Asia Tenggara]] aya dua karajaan anu kacida kuat sarta beunghar, nyaéta San-fo-ts'i jeung Cho-po ([[Jawa]]). Di [[Jawa]] anjeunna manggihan yén rahayatna ngagem [[agama]] Buddha jeung [[Hindu]], sedengkeun rahayat San-fo-ts'i ngagem Buddha, jeung boga 15 daerah handapan nyaéta; ''Si-lan'' ([[Kamboja]]), ''Tan-ma-ling'' (Tambralingga, Ligor, kidul [[Thailand]]), ''Kia-lo-hi'' (Grahi, Chaiya kiwari, kidul [[Thailand]]), ''Ling-ya-si-kia'' (Langkasuka), ''Kilantan'' (Kelantan), ''Pong-fong'' (Pahang), ''Tong-ya-nong'' (Terengganu), ''Fo-lo-an'' (muara sungai Dungun daerah Terengganu kiwari), ''Ji-lo-t'ing'' (Cherating, pantai timur semenanjung malaya), ''Ts'ien-mai'' (Semawe, pantai timur semenanjung malaya), ''Pa-t'a'' (Sungai Paka, pantai timur Semenanjung Malaya), ''Lan-wu-li'' (Lamuri di [[Aceh]]), ''Pa-lin-fong'' (Palembang), ''Kien-pi'' ([[Jambi]]), jeung sabagéan ''Sin-t'o'' ([[Sunda]]).<ref name="Muljana">Slamet Muljana, 2006, ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS.</ref><ref name="Soekmono2"/> Namung, istilah ''San-fo-tsi'' utamana dina taun [[1178]] teu identik jeung Sriwijaya, tatapi geus identik jeung jeung Dharmasraya, ti 15 nagara handapan San-fo-tsi éta mangrupa daptar jajahan karajaan Dharmasraya, sanajan sumber Tiongkok geus nyebatkeun San-fo-tsi salaku karajaan anu aya di kawasan laut Cina Selatan. Hal ieu kusabab dina Pararaton geus nyebutkeun Malayu, disebutkeun Kertanagara Raja Singhasari ngirim hiji ekspedisi Pamalayu atawa ''Pamalayu'', jeung saterusna mere Arca Amoghapasa ka raja Melayu, Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauli Warmadewa di kabupaten Dharmasraya sakumaha anu katulis dina prasasti Padang Roco. Kajadian ieu salajengna dihubungkeun jeung manuskrip anu aya di prasasti Grahi. Kitu ogé dina Nagarakertagama, anu ngadadarkeun ngeunaan daérah jajahan Majapahit anu geus teu nyebutkeun deui ngaran Sriwijaya keur kawasan anu sateuacanna mangrupa kawasan Sriwijaya. == Struktur Pamaréntahan == Wangun hiji nagara dina dimensi struktur otoritas politik Sriwijaya bisa dilacak ti sababaraha prasasti anu nyangkem informasi penting ngeunaan ''kadātuan'', ''vanua'', ''samaryyāda'', ''mandala'' jeung ''bhūmi''.<ref name="Kulke">{{cite journal |last=Kulke |first=H. |title=Kadātuan Śrīvijaya’—Empire or Kraton of Śrīvijaya? A Reassessment of the Epigraphic Data |year=1993 |journal=Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extreme Orient |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=159-180}}</ref> ''Kadātuan'' bisa ngabogaan makna kawasan ''datuk'', (''tanah rumah'') padumukan ''bini hāji'', geus disimpen ''[[emas]]'' jeung hasil cukai (''drawy'') salaku kawasan anu kudu dijaga. Kadātuan ieu dilingkung ku ''vanua'', anu bisa dianggep salaku kawasan kota ti Sriwijaya anu di jerona aya ''vihara'' keur tempat ibadah masarakatna. ''Kadātuan'' jeung ''vanua'' ieu mangrupa hiji kawasan inti keur Sriwijaya éta sorangan. Nurutkeun Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis, ''samaryyāda'' mangrupa kawasan anu pagigir-gigir jeung ''vanua'', anu kahubung jeung jalan husus (''samaryyāda-patha'') anu bisa boga maksud kawasan jero. Sedengkeun ''mandala'' mangrupa hiji kawasan otonom ti ''bhūmi'' anu aya dina pangaruh kakawasaan ''kadātuan'' Sriwijaya.<ref name="Kulke" /> Pangawasa Sriwijaya disebut ''Dapunta Hyang'' atawa ''Maharaja'', jeung dina wilayah raja aya dina wilayah raja anu ngentep seureuh ''yuvarāja'' (putra mahkota), ''pratiyuvarāja'' (putra mahkota kadua) jeung ''rājakumāra'' (pewaris salajengna).<ref name="Caspa">Casparis, J.C., ([[1956]]), ''Prasasti Indonesia II: Selected Inscriptions from the 7th to the 9th century A.D.'', Vol. II. Bandung: Masa Baru.</ref> Prasasti Telaga Batu loba nyebutkeun jabatan dina struktur pamaréntahan karajaan dina mangsa Sriwijaya. == Hubungan jeung dinasti Sailendra == Munculna hubungan antara Sriwijaya jeung Wangsa Sailendra dimimitian kusabab ngaran ''Śailendravamśa'' dina sababaraha [[prasasti]] di antarana dina [[prasasti]] Kalasan di [[pulo]] [[Jawa]], prasasti Ligor di kidul [[Thailand]], jeung [[prasasti]] Nalanda di [[India]]. Iwal ti éta dina [[prasasti]] Sojomerto kapendak [[ngaran]] ''Dapunta Selendra''. Najan asal-usulna dinasti ieu masih jadi padungdengan nepi ka kiwari.<ref name="Poesponegoro"/> Majumdar boga pamadegan dinasti Sailendra ieu aya di Sriwijaya (Swarnadwipa) jeung Medang ([[Jawa]]), kaduanana asalna ti Kalinga di kidul [[India]].<ref name="Majumdar">{{cite journal |last=Majumdar|first=R.C.,|authorlink=|title=Le rois Çriwijaya de Suvarnadvipa|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient|year=1933|volume=XXXIII||issue=||pages=121-144}}</ref> Salajengna Moens nambahkeun kadatangan Dapunta Hyang ka Palembang, nyababkeun salah sahiji kulawarga dina dinasti ieu pindah ka [[Jawa]].<ref name="Moens">{{cite journal |last=Moensr|first=J.L.,|authorlink=|title=Çriwijaya, Yāva en Katāha|journal =TBG|year=1937|volume=LXXVII||issue=||pages=317-487}}</ref> Iwal ti éta Poerbatjaraka nyawang yén ieu dinasti asalna ti [[Nusantara]], dumasar [[Carita Parahiyangan]]<ref name="Poerbatjaraka">{{cite journal |last=Poerbatjaraka|first=R.N.,|authorlink=|title=Çriwijaya, de Çailendra-en de Sanjāyavança|journal =BKI|year=1956|volume=114||issue=||pages=254-264}}</ref> salajengna dikaitkeun jeung sababaraha [[prasasti]] di [[Jawa]] anu basana Malayu Kuna di antarana Prasasti Sojomerto.<ref name="Boechari">{{cite journal |last=Boechari|first=|authorlink=|title=Preliminary report on the discovery of an Old malay inscription at Sojomerto |journal =MISI|year=1966|volume=III||issue=||pages=241-251}}</ref> == Raja anu Maréntah == Para Maharaja Sriwijaya<ref name="end" /><ref name="Muljana">Slamet Muljana, 2006, ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" width="90%" !width="70px"|Taun !width="140px"|[[Ngaran]] Raja !width="140px"|Ibukota !width="400px"|[[Prasasti]], catetan ngirim utusan ka Tiongkok sarta kajadian |- |[[671]] |Dapunta Hyang atawa <br />Sri Jayanasa |Srivijaya Shih-li-fo-shih | Catetan lalampahan I Tsing di taun [[671]]-[[685]], naklukeun Malayu, naklukeun [[Jawa]] [[Prasasti]] Kedukan Bukit ([[683]]), [[Prasasti]] Talang Tuo ([[684]]), [[Prasasti]] Kota Kapur ([[686]]), [[Prasasti]] Karang Brahi jeung [[Prasasti]] Palas Pasemah |- |[[702]] |Sri Indrawarman Shih-li-t-'o-pa-mo |Sriwijaya Shih-li-fo-shih |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[702]]-[[716]], [[724]] Utusan ka Khalifah Muawiyah I jeung Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz |- |[[728]] |Rudra Vikraman Liéou-t'eng-wei-kong |Sriwijaya Shih-li-fo-shih |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[728]]-[[742]] |- |[[743]]-[[774]] | | |Teu acan aya warta dina mangsa ieu |- |[[775]] |Wisnu (raja)|Sri Maharaja |Sriwijaya |Prasasti Ligor B taun [[775]] di Nakhon Si Thammarat, kidul [[Thailand]] jeung naklukeun [[Kamboja]] |- | | |Pindah ka [[Jawa]] ([[Jawa Tengah]] atawa [[Yogyakarta]]) |Wangsa Syailendra ngagantikeun Wangsa Sanjaya |- |[[778]] |Dharanindra atawa<br /> Rakai Panangkaran |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Kelurak [[782]] di gigireun kalér kompleks [[Candi]] Prambanan [[Prasasti]] Kalasan taun [[778]] di [[Candi]] Kalasan |- |[[782]] |Samaragrawira atawa <br /> Rakai Warak |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Nalanda jeung [[prasasti]] Mantyasih taun [[907]] |- |[[792]] |Samaratungga atawa<br /> Rakai Garung |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Karang Tengah taun [[824]], [[825]] ngaréngsékeun pangwangunan [[candi]] Borobudur |- |[[840]] | | |Kabinangkitan Wangsa Sanjaya, Rakai Pikatan |- |[[856]] |Balaputradewa |Suwarnadwipa |Leungitna kakawasaan di [[Jawa]], sarta balik deui ka Suwarnadwipa [[Prasasti]] Nalanda taun [[860]], [[India]] |- |[[861]]-[[959]] | | |Teu acan aya warta di périodeu ieu |- |[[960]] |Sri Udayaditya Warmadewa Se-li-hou-ta-hia-li-tan |Sriwijaya San-fo-ts'i |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[960]], & [[962]] |- |[[980]] | | |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[980]] & [[983]]: kalawan raja, ''Hie-tche'' (Haji) |- |988 |Sri Cudamani Warmadewa Se-li-chu-la-wu-ni-fu-ma-tian-hwa |Sriwijaya Malayagiri (Suwarnadwipa) San-fo-ts'i |990 Jawa yerang Sriwijaya, Catetan ''Atiśa'',<br /> Utusan ka Tiongkok 988-992-1003,<br /> pangwangunan candi keur kaisar Cina anu dibéré ngaran <br />''cheng tien wan shou'' |- |1008 |Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman Se-li-ma-la-pi |San-fo-ts'i Kataha |Prasasti Leiden & utusan ka Tiongkok 1008 |- |1017 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i ke Tiongkok 1017: kalawan raja, ''Ha-ch'i-su-wa-ch'a-p'u'' <br />(''Haji Sumatrabhumi'' (?)); gelar ''haji'' biasana keur ''raja bawahan'' |- |1025 |Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman |Sriwijaya Kadaram |Diserang ku Rajendra Chola I jeung jadi tawanan Prasasti Tanjore tarikh 1030 dina candi Rajaraja, Tanjore, India |- |1030 | | |Dihandap Dinasti Chola ti Koromandel |- |1079 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i kalawan raja [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') ka Tiongkok 1079 mantuan renovasi candi Tien Ching di Kuang Cho (deukeut Kanton) |- |1082 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i ti ''Kien-pi'' (Jambi) ka Tiongkok 1082 jeung 1088 |- |1089-1177 | | |Teu acan aya warta |- |1178 | | |Laporan ''Chou-Ju-Kua'' dina buku ''Chu-fan-chi'' eusina daptar koloni San-fo-ts'i |- |1183 |Srimat Trailokyaraja Maulibhusana Warmadewa |Dharmasraya |Dihandap Dinasti Mauli, Karajaan Melayu, Prasasti Grahi taun 1183 di kidul [[Thailand]] |} == Warisan Sajarah == Sanajan Srwijaya ngan nyésakeun saeutik titinggal arkéologi sarta dipohokeun ti émutan masarakat pangrojongna, papanggihan deui kamaharajaan bahari ieu ku Coedés di taun [[1920]]-an geus ngabangkitkeun kasadaran yén hiji wangung persatuan politik raya, mangrupa kamaharajaan anu eusina gabungan karajaan-karajaan bahari, kungsi ngadep, tumuwuh, sarta jaya di mangsa bihari.<ref name="nya">{{cite book |title=Strategic Centrality: Indonesia's changing role in ASEAN |last=Smith |first=A.L. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2000 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |location=Singapore |isbn=981-230-103-8 |page=9 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C-IZCcEuX30C&pg=PA9&dq=Srivijaya+source+of+Indonesia+pride&cd=6#v=onepage&q=Srivijaya%20source%20of%20Indonesia%20pride&f=false/Strategic Centrality: Indonesia's changing role in ASEAN |accessdate=}}</ref> Warisan penting Sriwijaya nyaéta basana. Salila mangabad-abad kamekaran kakuatan [[ekonomi]] sarta kaperkasaan militérna, Sriwijaya boga peran badag ti nyebarna pamaké [[Basa]] Malayu Kuna di [[Nusantara]]. Sahenteuna di kawasan basisir. [[Basa]] ieu jadi [[basa]] gawé atawa [[basa]] anu fungsina salaku panghubung (''lingua franca'') digunakeun di sababaraha bandar jeung pasar kawasan [[Nusantara]].<ref name="sea.lib.niu.edu">[http://sea.lib.niu.edu/lang/malay.html Southeast Asia Digital Library: About Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710201133/http://sea.lib.niu.edu/lang/malay.html |date=2010-07-10 }}</ref> Sumebarna [[basa]] Melayu Kuna ieu mungkin geus muka sarta méré jalan keur [[Basa]] Melayu salaku [[basa]] nasional [[Malaysia]], jeung [[Basa Indonesia]] salaku basa “pemersatu” [[Indonesia]] kiwari.<ref name="sea.lib.niu.edu"/> Di sagigireun Majapahit, kaum nasionalis [[Indonesia]] ogé ngagungkeun Sriwijaya salaku sumber kabagjaan jeung bukti kajayaan mangsa bihari [[Indonesia]].<ref name="nya"/> Kajayaan Sriwijaya geus jadi sumber kabagjaan nasinal sarta identitas daérah, hususna keur masarakat [[kota]] Palembang, provinsi [[Sumatera Selatan]], kaagungan Sriwijaya geus jadi inspirasi seni budaya, saperti lagu jeung tarian tradisional Gending Sriwijaya. Hal anu sarua ogé lumaku ka masarakat kidul [[Thailand]] anu nyiptakeun tarian ''Sevichai'' dumasar kana kaanggunan seni [[budaya]] Sriwijaya. Di [[Indonesia]], ngaran Sriwijaya geus digunakeun sarta diabadikeun salaku ngaran jalan di sababaraha [[kota]], sarta ngaran ieu digunakeun ku Universitas Sriwijaya anu diadegkeun taun [[1960]] di Palembang. Kitu ogé Komando Daerah Militer II/Sriwijaya (unit komando militer), PT Pupuk Sriwijaya (Perusahaan Pupuk di Sumatera Selatan), Sriwijaya Post (Surat kabar harian di Palembang), Sriwijaya TV, Sriwijaya Air (maskapai penerbangan), Stadion Gelora Sriwijaya, jeung Sriwijaya Football Club (Klab sepak bola Palembang), sakabéh dingaranan kitu keur ngahormatan, ngamuliakeun, sarta ngarayakeun kamaharajaan Sriwijaya anu agung. <gallery> Gambar:KedukanBukit001.jpg|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] Gambar:Prasasti Kota Kapur.jpg|Prasasti Kota Kapur Gambar:Talang Tuo Inscription.jpg|Prasasti Talang Tuo Gambar:Telaga Batu inscription.JPG|[[Prasasti Telaga Batu]] Gambar:Southeast Asia trade route map XIIcentury.jpg|Peta Abad XII-XIII </gallery> == Catetan == {{reflist|2}} == Tumbu luar == * {{id}} [http://history.melayuonline.com/?a=c3NWL29QTS9VenVwRnRCb20%3D= Kerajaan Sriwijaya di MelayuOnline.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313065110/http://history.melayuonline.com/?a=c3nwl29qts9venvwrnrcb20== |date=2016-03-13 }} * {{id}} [http://arkeologi.palembang.go.id/ Balai Arkeologi Palembang dan Sriwijaya Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223013428/http://arkeologi.palembang.go.id/ |date=2015-12-23 }} * {{en}} [http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/hindu.htm Sejarah Melayu, Buddhist Empires] * {{en}} [http://epress.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/mobile_devices/ch15s05.html Śrīwijaya: A Centre of Learning?] {{featured article}} {{Artikel Geulis}} [[Kategori:Karajaan Sriwijaya]] [[Kategori:Karajaan di Sumatera]] f1z6sh8jkj9n45urflzcq3so9qprbp9 712807 712806 2026-09-22T09:59:17Z Faizi123456 37449 /* */ 712807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country |conventional_long_name = Sri Wijaya |common_name = Sriwijaya |native_name = Kadatuan Sriwijaya |continent = pindah ti Kategori:Asia ka Asia Tenggara |region = Asia Tenggara (Asia Kidul Wétan) |country = Republik Indonésia |religion = <nowiki> •[Buda Mahayana]],</nowiki> •[[Animismeu]] jeung •[[Hindu]] •[Islam] |p1 = Kantoli |p2 = Sailéndra |s1 = Dharmasraya |s2 = Karaijaan Singapura |year_start = 650 |year_end = 1377 |date_start = |date_end = |event_start = Ékspédisi jeung ékspansi Dapunta Hyang, ([[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]]) |event_end = Taluk ka [[Singasari]] 1288, [[Majapait]] mungkas baruntakna Sriwijaya taun 1377 |image_coat = |symbol_type = |image_map = Srivijaya Empire.svg |image_map_caption = Lega maksimeum Kakaisaran Sriwijaya kurang leuwih abad ka-8 kalayan runtuyan ékspédisi jeung ékspansina |capital = * [[Palémbang]] <br/ |common_languages = , [[Sangsakerta]] |government_type = Karajaan |title_leader = Maharaja |leader1 = Jayanasa |year_leader1 = Kira-kira taun 683 |leader2 = Dharmasetu |year_leader2 = Kira-kira taun 775 |leader3 = Samaratunga |year_leader3 = Kira-kira taun 792 |leader4 = Balaputra |year_leader4 = Kira-kira taun 835 |leader5 = [[Sri Culamanivarmadeva]] |year_leader5 = Kira-kira taun 988 |currency = Koin emas jeung perak murni |category= |today = {{flag|Indonesia}} |footnotes = }} '''Sriwijaya''' (atawa disebut ogé '''Srivijaya'''; Thai: ศรีวิชัย atawa "Ṣ̄rī wichạy") nyaéta salah sahiji kamaharakaan maritim anu kungsi ngadeg di [[pulo]] [[Sumatera]] jeung loba méré pangaruh di [[Nusantara]] kalawan wewengkon kakawasaanna ti [[Kamboja]], [[Thailand]] [[Kidul]], Semenanjung Malaya, [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], jeung basisir [[Kalimantan]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=Les inscriptions malaises de Çrivijaya|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient (BEFEO) |year=1930|volume=30||issue=||pages=29-80}}</ref><ref name="end">{{cite book |last=Munoz|first=Paul Michel|title=Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|year=2006|location=Singapore|url=https://archive.org/details/earlykingdomsofi0000muno|doi= |id= ISBN 981-4155-67-5}}</ref> Dina [[basa]] Sansekerta, ''sri'' artina "gurilap" atawa "burinyay", jeung ''wijaya'' artina "menang" atawa "kajayaan",<ref name="end" /> ku kituna ngaran Sriwijaya boga makna "kajayaan anu gumilang". Bukti munggaran ngeunaan ayana karajaan ieu asalna ti [[abad ka-7]]; saurang pandita ti [[Tiongkok]] I Tsing, nuliskeun yén anjeunna datang ka Sriwijaya [[taun]] [[671]] jeung dumuk salila [[6]] [[bulan]].<ref>Gabriel Ferrand, (1922), ''L’Empire Sumatranais de Crivijaya'', Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, “Textes Chinois”</ref><ref name="Takakusu">Junjiro Takakusu, (1896), ''A record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago AD 671-695, by I-tsing'', Oxford, London.</ref> Salajengna prasasti nu pangkolotna ngeunaan Sriwijaya ogé dina [[abad ka-7]], nyaéta [[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] di Palembang, taun [[682]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Casparis |first=J.G.|authorlink=Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis|title=Indonesian palaeography: a history of writing in Indonesia from the beginnings to C. A, Part 1500 |year=1975 |publisher=E. J. Brill |id=ISBN 90-04-04172-9 }}</ref> Mundurna pangaruh Sriwijaya ka wewengkon handapna dimimitian ku sabab sababaraha perang <ref name="end" /> di antarana serangan ti raja Dharmawangsa Teguh ti [[Jawa]] di taun [[990]], jeung taun [[1025]] serangan Rajendra Chola I ti Koromandel, salajengna taun [[1183]] kakawasaan Sriwijaya di handap pangaruh karajaan Dharmasraya.<ref name="Muljana">{{cite book |last=Muljana|first=Slamet|authorlink=Slamet Muljana|title= Sriwijaya|url=https://archive.org/details/Sriwijaya|editor= F.W. Stapel|publisher=PT. LKiS Pelangi Aksara|year=2006 |location= |pages=|id=ISBN 978-979-8451-62-1 }}</ref><ref name="Suwarno">{{Citation | last =Suwarno| first = Suwarno| coauthors =P.J.| year = 1993| title =Pancasila budaya bangsa Indonesia: penelitian Pancasila dengan pendekatan, historis, filosofis & sosio-yuridis kenegaraan|page=18|location=Jakarta| publisher =Kanisius| isbn =9789794139677| Url =https://books.google.co.id/books?id=x-A0wy95LUQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=budaya&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB3OyS66_oAhXKyTgGHZwZBesQ6AEIUTAG#v=onepage&q=budaya&f=false}}</ref> Sanggeus runtag, karajaan ieu dipohokeun jeung éksisténsina dipikanyaho liwat publikasi taun [[1918]] ti ahli [[sajarah]] [[Perancis]] Géorge Cœdés ti ''École française d'Extrême-Orient''.<ref name="Cœdés">{{cite journal |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=Le Royaume de Çriwijaya|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient|year=1918|volume=18||issue=6||pages=1-36}}</ref> == Catetan [[sajarah]] == Euweuh catetan leuwih jero ngeunaan Sriwijaya dina [[sajarah]] [[Indonesia]]; Ingetan nu kapopohokeun diwangun deui ku sarjana asing. euweuh urang [[Indonesia]] modérn anu nguping ngeunaan Sriwijaya nepi taun [[1920]]-an, nalika sarjana [[Perancis]] Géorge Cœdés ngawanohkeun pamanggihna dina koran [[basa Walanda]] jeung [[basa Indonesia]].<ref name="TAYLOR">{{cite book |last=Taylor|first=Jean Gelman|title=Indonesia: Peoples and Histories|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2003 |location= New Haven and London|url=https://archive.org/details/indonesia00jean|doi= |pages=|id= ISBN 0-300-10518-5}}</ref> Coedés ngebrehkeun yén referensi Tiongkok ka "San-fo-ts'i", sateuacanna dibaca "Sribhoja", sarta sababaraha [[prasasti]] dina [[basa]] Malayu Kuna ngarujuk ka kaisar nu sarua.<ref>{{cite book |last=Krom|first=N.J.|chapter= Het Hindoe-tijdperk |title= Geschiedenis van Nederlandsch Indië|editor= F.W. Stapel|publisher=N.V. U.M. Joost van den Vondel|year=1938 |location= Amsterdam|url= |doi= |pages= vol. I p. 149|id= }}</ref> Sriwijaya jadi perlambang kaagungan [[Sumatera]] awal, jeung karajaan badag [[Nusantara]] iwal Majapahit di [[Jawa]] Wétan. Dina [[abad ka-20]], dua karajaan éta jadi referensi ku kaom nasionalis pikeun nunjukkeun yén [[Indonésia]] mangrupa hiji nagara sateuacan [[Hindia Walanda]].<ref name="TAYLOR"/> Sriwijaya disebut ku sababaraha ngaran. Urang Tionghoa nyebutna ''Shih-li-fo-shih'' atawa ''San-fo-ts'i'' atawa ''San Fo Qi''. Dina basa Sansekerta jeung Pali, karajaan Sriwijaya disebut ''Yavadesh'' jeung ''Javadeh''. Bangsa Arab nyebutna ''Zabaj'' jeung Khmer nyebutna ''Malayu''. Loba ngaran mangrupa alesan séjén kunaon Sriwijaya hésé kapanggih.<ref name="end" /> Iwal ti peta Claudius Ptolemaeus kapanggih katerangan ngeunaan ayana 3 [[pulo]] ''Sabadeibei'' nu mungkin aya pakaitna jeung Sriwijaya.<ref name="Muljana"/> Dina taun [[1993]], Pierre-Yves Manguin ngalakukeun ''observasi'' jeung méré sawangan yén puseur Sriwijaya ayana di ''Sungai'' Musi antara Bukit Seguntang jeung Sabokingking (nu ayana di provinsi [[Sumatera]] Kidul kiwari).<ref name="end" /> Namung sateuacanna Soekmono nyawang yén puseur Sriwijaya ayana di wewengkon sehiliran Batang Hari, antara Muara Sabak nepi ka Muara Tembesi (di provinsi [[Jambi]] kiwari),<ref name="Muljana"/> kalawan catetan Karajaan Melayu teu di kawasan eta, lamun Malayu di kawasan éta, condong ka pamadegan Moens,<ref name="Soekmono2">{{cite book |last=Soekmono|first=R.|authorlink=Soekmono |title=Pengantar sejarah kebudayaan Indonesia 2|year=2002 |publisher=Kanisius |id=ISBN 979-413-290-X }}</ref> anu sateuacanna oé geus boga sawangan yén puseur karajaan Sriwijaya aya di kawasan [[Candi]] Muara Takus (provinsi [[Riau]] kiwari), kalawan asumsi nunjuk ka lalampahan dina catetan I Tsing,<ref name="Poesponegoro">Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro, Nugroho Notosusanto, (1992), ''Sejarah nasional Indonesia: Jaman kuna'', PT Balai Pustaka, ISBN 979-407-408-X</ref> sarta hal ieu bisa ogé dikaitkeun jeung warta ngeunaan diadegkeunna candi nu disembahkeun ku raja Sriwijaya (''Se li chu la wu ni fu ma tian hwa'' atawa Sri Cudamaniwarmadewa) taun [[1003]] ka kaisar [[Cina]] anu dingaranan ''cheng tien wan shou'' ([[Candi]] Bungsu, salah sahiji bagéan [[candi]] nu ayana di Muara Takus).<ref>''Forgotten Kingdoms in Sumatra'', Brill Archive</ref> Namung nu pasti dina mangsa kakawasaan Rajendra Chola I, dumasar prasasti Tanjore, Sriwijaya puseur dayeuhna di ''Kadaram'' (Kedah kiwari).<ref name="Muljana"/> == Pangwangunan jeung Kamekaran == Teu acan aya bukti fisik ngeunaan Sriwijaya anu kapanggih.<ref name="TAYLOR"/> Karajaan ieu jadi puseur niaga jeung mangrupa nagara maritim, namung karajaan ieu teu ngagedéan kakawasaana si luar wilayah kapuloan [[Asia Tenggara]]. Sababaraha ahli masih madungdengkeun kawasan nu jadi puseur pamaréntahan Sriwijaya, salian éta mungkin karajaan ieu biasa mindahkeun puseur pamaréntahanna, namung kawasan nu jadi puseur dayeuh angger diparéntah langsung ku pangawasa, sedengkeun wewengkon pangrojongna diparentah ku dātu. [[Gambar:Candi Gumpung Muarojambi.jpg|left|thumb|[[Candi]] Gumpung, [[candi]] Buddha di Muaro Jambi, Karajaan Melayu anu ditaklukeun ku Sriwijaya.]] [[Gambar:Chaiya Wat Kaew.jpg|left|thumb|Puing Wat ([[Candi]]) Kaew anu asalna ti zaman Sriwijaya di Chaiya, [[Thailand]] Selatan.]] [[Gambar:Borobudur Northwest View.jpg|left|thumb|[[Candi]] Borobudur, pangwangunanna diréngsékeun di masa Samaratungga]] Kakaisaran Sriwijaya geus aya ti [[671]] saluyu jeung catetan I Tsing, di prasasti Kedukan Bukit di taun [[682]] dipikanyaho imperium ieu di handap kapamingpinan Dapunta Hyang. Di [[abad ka-7]] ieu, urang Tionghoa nyatet yén aya [[2|dua]] karajaan nyaéta ''Malayu'' jeung ''Kedah'' jadi bagéan kamaharajaan Sriwijaya.<ref name="end" /> Dumasar prasasti Kota Kapur anu angkana taun [[686]] kapanggih di pulo Bangka, kamaharajaan ieu geus ngawasa bagéan kidul [[Sumatera]], [[pulo]] Bangka jeung Belitung, nepi ka [[Lampung]]. [[Prasasti]] ieu ogé nyabutkeun yén Sri Jayanasa geus nyieun ekspedisi militer keur ngahukum ''Bhumi [[Jawa]]'' anu teu babakti ka Sriwijaya, kajadian ieu babarengan jeung runtagna [[Tarumanagara]] di [[Jawa Kulon]] jeung Holing (Kalingga) di [[Jawa Tengah]] nu kamungkinan sabab serangan Sriwijaya. Sriwijaya mekar jeung bisa ngandalikeun jalur paniagaan mariti di Selat Malaka, [[Selat Sunda]], Laut [[China]] Kidul, Laut [[Jawa]], jeung Selat Karimata. Ekspansi karajaan ieu ka Jawa jeung Semenanjung Malaya, ngajadikeun Sriwijaya ngontrol dua puseur paniagaan utama di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Dumasar observasi, kapanggih sésa [[candi]]-[[candi]] Sriwijaya di [[Thailand]] jeung [[Kamboja]]. Di [[abad ka-7]], palabuan Cham di beulah wetan Indochina mulai ngalihkeun loba padagang ti Sriwijaya. Keur nyegah hal éta, Maharaja Dharmasetu nyieun serangan ka dayeuh-dayeuh basisir Indochina. Dayeuh Indrapura di sisi sungai Mekong, di mimiti [[abad ka-8]] aya di handap kakawasaan Sriwijaya. Sriwijaya neruskeun dominasi ka [[Kamboja]], nepi raja Khmer Jayawarman II, nu ngadegkeun imperium Khmer, megatkeun hubungan jeung Sriwijaya di [[abad]] nu sarua.<ref name="end" /> Di ahir [[abad ka-8]] karajaan di [[Jawa]] Holing aya di handap kakawasaan Sriwijaya. Nurutkeun catetan, dina mangsa éta ogé wangsa Sailendra migrasi ka [[Jawa Tengah]] jeung boga kawasa di dinya. Di abad ieu oge, Langkasuka di semenanjung Melayu jadi bagéan karajaan.<ref name="end" /> Di masa salajengna, Pan Pan jeung Trambralinga, nu ayana di beulah kalér Langkasuka, ogé aya di handap pangaruh Sriwijaya. Sanggeus Dharmasetu, Samaratungga jadi panerus karajaan. Anjeunna ngawasa dina périodeu [[792]] nepi [[835]]. Teu jiga Dharmasetu nu ekspansionis, Samaratungga teu ngalakukeun ekspansi militer, namung leuwih milih keur nguatkeun pangawasaan Sriwijaya di [[Jawa]]. Salila masa kapamingpinanna, anjeunna ngawangun [[Candi]] Borobudur di [[Jawa Tengah]] nu réngsé di taun [[825]].<ref name="end" /> == Agama == [[Gambar:Muara Takus temple.jpg|thumb|[[Candi]] Muara Takus, salah sahiji kawasan anu dianggep salaku puseur dayeuh Sriwijaya.]] Salaku puseur pangajaran Buddha Vajrayana, Sriwijaya ngirut loba paziarah jeung sarjana ti [[nagara]]-[[nagara]] [[Asia]]. Antarana nyaéta pandita ti Tiongkok I Tsing, anu ngalakukeun kunjungan ka [[Sumatera]] dina lalampahan studina di Universitas Nalanda, [[India]], di taun [[671]] jeung [[695]], I Tsing ngalaporkeun yén Sriwijaya jadi imah keur sarjana Buddha nepi ka jadi puseur pangajaran [[agama]] Buddha. Sémah anu datang ka [[pulo]] ieu nyebatkeun yén koin [[emas]] geus digunakeun di basisir karajaan. Salian ti ajaran Buddha aliran, Buddha Hinayana jeung Buddha Mahayana ogé ngilu mekar di Sriwijaya. Nepi ka ahir [[abad ka-10]], ''Atiśa'', saurang sarjana Buddha asal Benggala anu boga peran dina ngamekarkeun Buddha Vajrayana di Tibet dina kertas gawéna ''Durbodhāloka'' nyebutkeun ditulis dina mangsa pamarétahan Sri Cudamani Warmadewa pangawasa ''Sriwijayanagara'' di ''Malayagiri'' di ''Suvarnadvipa''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cœdés|first=George|authorlink=George Cœdés|title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1996|id=ISBN 0-8248-0368-X}}</ref> Karajaan Sriwijaya loba dipangaruhan ku [[budaya]] [[India]], mimitina ku [[budaya]] [[Hindu]] salajengna diturut ku agama Buddha. Raja-raja Sriwijaya ngawasaan kapuloan Melayu ngaliwatan niaga jeung naklukeun ti [[abad ka-7]] nepi [[abad ka-9]], sacara langsung ngilu ngembangkeun [[basa]] Melayu sarta kabudayaanna di [[Nusantara]]. <blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:45%; margin:0 0em 1em .25em; float:right; padding: 10px; display:table; margin-left:10px;">".... loba raja jeung pamingpin anu aya di pulo-pulo di Laut Kidul percaya jeung ngajén Buddha, dihaté aranjeunna geus kapelak kahadéan. Di jero benteng dayeuh Sriwijaya dipinuhan leuwih ti [[1000]] biksu Buddha, anu diajar kalawan tekun jeung ngamalkeunna kalawan hadé...Lamun biarawan [[China]] hayang ka [[India]] keur diajar “Sabda”, leuwih hadé aranjeunna dumuk heula di dieu salila sataun atawa dua taun keur neuleuman élmuna sateuacan dilanjutkeun di [[India]]".<p style="text-align: right;">— Gambaran Sriwijaya nurutkeun I Tsing.<ref name="Takakusu"/></blockquote> Mungkin ogé yén Sriwijaya nu kamahsyur salaku bandar puseur paniagaan di [[Asia Tenggara]], tangtu waé ngirut minat padagang jeung ulama [[muslim]] ti Timur Tengah, nepi ka sababaraha karajaan nu mimitina mangrupa bagéan Sriwijaya, salajengna tumuwuh jadi cikal-bakal karajaan-karajaan [[Islam]] di [[Sumatera]], nalika lemahna pangaruh Sriwijaya.<ref name="end" /> Aya sumber nu nyebutkeun, ku sabab pangaruh [[muslim]] Arab anu loba datang jeung niaga di Sriwijaya, ku kituna saurang raja Sriwijaya anu ngaranna Sri Indrawarman di taun [[718]] disebutkeun yén anjeunna asup [[Islam]] <ref>{{cite book |first=H. Zainal Abidin |last=Ahmad|title=Ilmu politik Islam V, Sejarah Islam dan Umatnya sampai sekarang|publisher=Bulan Bintang|year=1979}}</ref> atawa sahenteuna kairut keur diajar [[Islam]] jeung kabudayaan Arab, nepi ka mungkin kahirupan sosial Sriwijaya nyaéta masarakat sosial anu di jerona aya masarakat Buddha jeung [[Muslim]] sakaligus. Kacatet sababaraha kali raja Sriwijaya ngirim surat ka khalifah [[Islam]] di Damaskus, [[Suriah]]. Dina salah sahiji naskah surat anu ditujukeun ka khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz ([[717]]-[[720]]) eusina paménta ka khalifah sangkan ngirimkeun da’i ka istana Sriwijaya.<ref name="Prof">{{cite book |last=Prof. Dr. Azyumardi Azra, MA.,|title=Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII & XVIII|publisher=Mizan|year=1994|location=Jakarta}}</ref> == [[Budaya]] == Dumasar sababaraha sumber [[sajarah]], hiji masarakat anu kompleks jeung kosmopolitan anu dipangaruhan ku alam pikir Buddha Wajrayana digambarkeun mekar di puseur dayeuh Sriwijaya. Sababaraha prasasti Siddhayatra [[abad ka-7]] saperti [[Prasasti]] Talang Tuwo ngagambarkeun ritual Buddha anu ngaberkatan kajadian pinuh berkah nyaéta peresmian Taman Sriketra, anugerah Maharaja Sriwijaya keur rahayatna. [[Prasasti Telaga Batu]] ngagambarkeun karumitan jeung tingkatan jabatan pajabat karajaan, iwal ti éta [[Prasasti]] Kota Kapur nyebutkeun kagagahan balatentara Sriwijaya di handap [[Jawa]]. Sakabéh [[prasasti]] éta ngagunakeun [[Basa]] Melayu Kuno, [[basa]] anu digunakeun ku Sriwijaya nyaéta leluhur [[Basa]] Melayu jeung [[Basa Indonesia]] modérn. Ti [[abad ka-7]], [[basa]] Melayu Kuno geus digunakeun di [[Nusantara]] ditandaan kalawan kapanggihna sababaraha [[prasasti]] Sriwijaya jeung sababaraha [[prasasti]] [[basa]] Melayu Kuno di tempat séjén, saperti anu kapanggih di [[pulo Jawa]]. Hubungan dagang anu dilakukeun salaku bangsa [[Nusantara]] jadi wahana nyebarkeun [[basa]] Melayu, ku sabab [[basa]] ieu jadi alat [[komunikasi]] keur kaom padagang. Ti dinya, [[basa]] Melayu jadi ''lingua franca'' sarta digunakeun sacara luas ku loba panutur di kapuloan [[Nusantara]].<ref>[http://melayuonline.com/eng/researcher/dig/16/bambang-budi-utomo Melayu Online: Bambang Budi Utomo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005220517/http://melayuonline.com/eng/researcher/dig/16/bambang-budi-utomo |date=2011-10-05 }}</ref> Sanajan disebut mibanda kakuatan [[ekonomi]] jeung kaperkasaan militer, Sriwijaya ngan ninggalkeun saeutik patilasan purbakala di jajantung nagarana di [[Sumatera]], béda jeung episode Sriwijaya di [[Jawa Tengah]] nalika kapamingpinan wangsa Syailendra anu loba ngawangun monumen badag; saperti [[Candi]] Kalasan, [[Candi]] Sewu, jeung Borobudur. [[Candi]]-[[candi]] Buddha anu asalna ti masa Sriwijaya di [[Sumatera]] di antarana [[Candi]] Muaro [[Jambi]], [[Candi]] Muara Takus, jeung Biaro Bahal, tatapi teu saperti [[candi]] périodeu [[Jawa Tengah]] anu dijieun ti [[batu]] [[andesit]], [[candi]] di [[Sumatera]] dijieun ti bata [[beureum]]. Sababaraha arca sipatna Buddhisme, saperti sababaraha [[arca]] Buddha jeung Bodhisatva Awalokiteswara kapanggih di Bukit Seguntang, Palembang<ref>[http://www.epalembang.com/lang/en/travel-tourism/landmarks/bukit-siguntang/ Bukit Siguntang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304222750/http://www.epalembang.com/lang/en/travel-tourism/landmarks/bukit-siguntang/ |date=2012-03-04 }}</ref>, Jambi<ref>Titik Temu, Jejak Peradaban di Tepi Batanghari, Photograph and artifact exhibition of Muara Jambi Archaeological site, Bentara Budaya Jakarta, 9-11 November 2006</ref>, Bidor, Perak,<ref>[http://exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg/kaalachakra/art_and_Architecture1.htm KaalaChaKra, Early Indian Influences in Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720113310/http://exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg/kaalachakra/art_and_Architecture1.htm |date=2011-07-20 }}</ref> jeung Chaiya<ref>[http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/Srivijaya-7th-13th-Century/Avalokitesvara-figure-from-the-Srivijaya-Period-found-in-Chaiya-Thailand-9th-10th-century-bronze/6680daf37df64243a2cf59d12ea94fb0?key=%20Bangkok%20Thailand&thumb=x150&num=15&page=14 Bridgeman: Avalokitesvara figure from the Srivijaya Period, found in Chaiya, Thailand, 9th-10th century (bronze)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930092211/http://www.bridgemanart.com/image/Srivijaya-7th-13th-Century/Avalokitesvara-figure-from-the-Srivijaya-Period-found-in-Chaiya-Thailand-9th-10th-century-bronze/6680daf37df64243a2cf59d12ea94fb0?key=%20Bangkok%20Thailand&thumb=x150&num=15&page=14 |date=2011-09-30 }}</ref>. Sakabéh arca-arca ieu nampilkeun kaagrengan jeung langgam nu sarua saperti "Seni Sriwijaya" atawa "Langgam/Gaya Sriwijaya" anu nembongkeun kamiripan ku langgam Amarawati India jeung langgam Syailendra Jawa (di [[abad ka-8]] nepi [[abad ka-9]]).<ref>[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=183 Srivijaya Art In Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707103338/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=183 |date=2006-07-07 }}</ref> == Paniagaan == Di dunya paniagaan, Sriwijaya jadi pangatur padagangan ti [[India]] jeung Tiondkok, nyaéta ngawasaan selat Malaka jeung [[selat Sunda]]. Urang [[Saudi Arabia|Arab]] nyatet yén Sriwijaya mibanda komoditas nu loba nyaéta kapur barus, kayu gaharu, cengkeh, pala, kapulaga, gading, [[emas]] sarta timah anu nyieun raja Sriwijaya sabeunghar raja-raja di [[India]]..<ref name="Poesponegoro"/> Kabeunghatan anu loba geus ngamungkinkeun Sriwijaya meuli kasetiaan vassal-vassalnya di sakabéh [[Asia Tenggara]]. Salian ngajalin hubungan dagang jeung [[India]] sarta Tiongkok, Sriwijaya ogé ngajalin paniagaan jeung taneuh Arab, ngamungkinkeun utusan Maharaja Sri Indrawarman anu nganteurkeun [[surat]] ka khalifah Umar bin Abdul-Aziz ti Bani Umayyah taun [[718]] balik deui ka Sriwijaya kalawan mawa hadian 'Zanji'' (budak wanita berkulit hitam), sarta ti kronik Tiongkok disebutkeun ''Shih-li-fo-shih'' kalawan rajana ''Shih-li-t-'o-pa-mo'' (Sri Indrawarman) di taun [[724]] ngirimkeun hadiah keur kaisar [[China]], mangrupa ''ts'engchi'' (maksudna sarua jeung ''Zanji'' dina basa Arab).<ref name="Azra">{{cite book |last=Azra|first=Azyumardi|authorlink=Azyumardi Azra|title=Islam in the Indonesian world: an account of institutional formation|publisher=Mizan Pustaka|year=2006|id= ISBN 979-433-430-8}}</ref> Dina mimiti [[abad ka-10]], di antara runtagna dinasti Tang jeung naékna dinasti Song, padagangan jeung luar [[nagara]] cukup ramé, utamana Fujian, Karajaan Min jeung Karajaan Nan Han kalawan [[nagara]] beungharna Guangdong. Sriwijaya meunang kauntungan ti padagangan ieu.<ref name="Azra" /> == Relasi jeung Kakuatan Regional == [[Gambar:Borom That Chaiya.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Pagoda Borom That gaya Sriwijaya di Chaiya, [[Thailand]].]] Keur nguatkeun posisina di luhun pangawasaan di kawasan di [[Asia Tenggara]], Sriwijaya ngajalin hubungan diplomasi kalawan Kaisar [[Cina]], jeung sacara kaatus nganteurkeun utusan jeung upeti.<ref>Oliver W. Wolters, (1967), ''Early Indonesian Commerce: a study of the origins of Śrīvijaya'', Cornell University Press, Ithaca.</ref> Dina mangsa awal Karajaan Khmer mangrupa daérah jajahan Sriwijaya. Loba ahli sajarah ngaklaim yén Chaiya, di provinsi Surat Thani, [[Thailand]] Kidul, salaku puseur dayeuh karajaan éta, pangaruh Sriwijaya katempo dina wangunan pagoda Borom That anu gayana Sriwijaya. Nepi ka runtagna Sriwijaya, Chaiya kabagi jadi tilu dayeuh nyaéta (Mueang) Chaiya, Thatong (Kanchanadit), jeung Khirirat Nikhom. Sriwijaya ogé deukeut jeung karajaan Pala di Benggala, dina [[prasasti]] Nalanda angkana [[860]] nyatet yén raja Balaputradewa ngadedikasikeun hiji biara ka Nalanda. Relasi jeung dinasti Chola ti kidul [[India]] ogé deukeut pisan, ti [[Prasasti]] Leiden disebatkeun yén raja Sriwijaya di ''Kataha'' Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman geus ngawangun hiji vihara anu dingaranan ku ''Vihara Culamanivarmma'', namung jadi goréng sanggeus Rajendra Chola I naék tahta anu ngalakukeun serangan di [[abad ka-11]]. Tuluy hubungan ieu balik deui ka mangsa Kulothunga Chola I, di dinya raja Sriwijaya di Kadaram ngirimkeun utusan nu ménta dikaluarkeunna bagéan ti dinasti Chola, ti kronik Tiongkok nyebutkeun yén Kulothunga Chola I (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') salaku raja San-fo-ts'i ngabantuan renovasi candi deukeut Kanton di taun [[1079]], dina mangsa dinasti Song [[candi]] ieu disebut ku ngaran ''Tien Ching Kuan'' jeung di mangsa dinasti Yuan disebut ku ngaran ''Yuan Miau Kwan''.<ref name="Muljana"/> == Mangsa Kaemasan == [[Gambar:Avalokiteçvara, Malayu Srivijaya style.jpg|left|thumb|[[Arca]] emas Avalokiteçvara gaya Malayu-Sriwijaya, kapanggih di Rantaukapastuo, Muarabulian, [[Jambi]], [[Indonésia]].]] Kamaharajaan Sriwijaya nyirikeun karajaan maritim, ngandelkeun hégemoni dina tanaga armada lautna dina ngawasaan alur palayaran, jalur padagangan, ngawasaan jeung ngawangun sababaraha kawasan stratégis salaku pangkalan armadana dina ngawas, ngalindungi kapal dagang, nagih cukai sarta keur ngajaga wilayah kadaulatan jeung kakawasaanna..<ref>{{cite book |last=Pramono|first=Djoko |title=Budaya bahari|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|year=2005|id=ISBN 979-22-1351-1}}</ref> [[Gambar:Borobudur ship.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Model kapal taun [[800-an|800-an Masehi]] anu aya dina candi Borobudur]] Dina catetan sajarah jeung bukti arkeologi, dina [[abad ka-9]] Sriwijaya geus ngalakukeun kolonisasi di sakabeh karajaan-karajaan [[Asia Tenggara]], antarana: [[Sumatera]], [[Jawa]], Semenanjung Malaya, [[Thailand]], [[Kamboja]], [[Vietnam]],<ref name="end" /> jeung [[Filipina]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rasul|first=Jainal D.|title=Agonies and Dreams: The Filipino Muslims and Other Minorities"|publisher=CARE Minorities|year=2003|location=Quezon City|url= |doi= |pages=pages 77|id=}}</ref> Dominasi di [[Selat Malaka]] jeung [[Selat Sunda]], ngajadikeun Sriwijaya salaku pangawas rute padagangan rempah jeung padagangan lokal anu meunang bayaran ti unggal kapal anu ngaliwat. Sriwijaya ngaakumulasikeun kabeungharanna salaku palabuan jeung gudang padagangan anu ngalayanan pasar Tiongkok jeung [[India]]. Sriwijaya ogé disebut boga peran ngaruntagkeun karajaan Medang di [[Jawa]], dina prasasti Pucangan disebutkeunn salaku kajadian ''Mahapralaya'' nyaéta kajadian runtagna istana Medang di [[Jawa Timur]], ''Haji Wurawari'' ti ''Lwaram'' anu kamungkinan mangrupa raja handapeun Sriwijaya, dina taun [[1006]] atawa [[1016]] nyerang jeung nyababkeun kabunuhna raja Medang pamungkas. Dharmawangsa Teguh.<ref name="Muljana"/> == Ambang Wates Sriwijaya == Taun [[1017]] jeung [[1025]], Rajendra Chola I, raja ti dinasti Chola di Pantai Koromandel, [[India]] kidul, ngirim ekspedisi [[laut]] keur nyerang Sriwijaya, dumasar [[prasasti]] Tanjore taun [[1030]], karajaan Chola geus naklukkeun wewengkon – wewengkon koloni Sriwijaya, sakaligus meunang ngalawan raja Sriwijaya nu boga kawasa dina mangsa éta Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman. Salila sababaraha dekade saterusna, sakabeh imperium Sriwijaya geus aya dina pangaruh dina Chola. Sanajan kitu Rajendra Chola I geus méré lolongkrang ka raja-raja anu ditaklukeunna keur tetep boga kawasa salila tetep taluk ka anjeunna.<ref>Sastri K. A. N., (1935). ''The Cholas''. University of Madras.</ref> Hal ieu bisa dipatalikeun jeung ayana warta utusanna ''San-fo-ts'i'' ka Cina taun [[1028]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kulke |first=H. |authorlink= |coauthors=Kesavapany, K.; Sakhuja, V.|title=Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia |year=2009 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian |location= |id=ISBN 981-230-936-5 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;font-size:90%" !colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700;" | Kawasan Sriwijaya dina prasasti Tanjore |- ! Ngaran kawasan !! Katerangan |- | Pannai || Kerajaan Pannai |- | Malaiyur || Kerajaan Melayu |- | Mayirudingam || |- | Ilangasogam || Langkasuka |- | Mappappalam || |- | Mevilimbangam || |- | Valaippanduru || |- | Takkolam || |- | Madamalingam || Tambralingga |- | Ilamuri-Desam || Lamuri |- | Nakkavaram || Nikobar |- | Kadaram || Kedah |} Namung dina mangsa ieu Sriwijaya dianggep geus jadi bagéan ti dinasti Chola, ti kronik Tiongkok nyebutkeun yén dina taun [[1079]] Kulothunga Chola I (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') raja dinasti Chola disebut ogé salaku raja San-fo-ts'i, anu salajengna ngirimkeun utusan keur ngabantuan renovasi candi deukeut Kanton. Salajengna dina warta [[Cina]] anu judulna ''Sung Hui Yao'' disebutkeun yén karajaan San-fo-tsi dina taun [[1082]] masih ngirimkeun utusan dina mangsa Cina di handap pamaréntahan Kaisar Yuan Fong. Duta besar éta ogé nepikeun [[surat]] ti raja ''Kien-pi'' handapeun San-fo-tsi, anu mangrupa [[surat]] ti putri raja anu dipasrahkeun urusan nagara san-fo-tsi, sarta nyerahkeun [[227]] tahil perhiasan, rumbia, sarta 13 baju. Salajengna ogé ngirimkeun utusan di taun [[1088]].<ref name="end" /> Pangaruh invasi Rajendra Chola I, ka hegemoni Sriwijaya kalawan raja-raja handapeunna ngaheureutan, sababaraha daerah handapan ngaleupaskeun manéh, nepin ka muncul Dharmasraya salaku kakuatan anyar anu salajengna ngawasaan deui wilayah jajahan Sriwijaya mimiti ti kawasan Semenajung Malaya, [[Sumatera]], sampai [[Jawa]] bagian barat. Dumasar sumber Tiongkok dina buku ''Chu-fan-chi''<ref>{{cite book |last=Hirth |first=F. |authorlink= |coauthors=Rockhill, W.W. |title=Chao Ju-kua, His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteen centuries, entitled Chu-fan-chi |year=1911 |publisher=St Petersburg}}.</ref> anu ditulis di taun 1178, ''Chou-Ju-Kua'' ngajelaskeun yén di kapuloan [[Asia Tenggara]] aya dua karajaan anu kacida kuat sarta beunghar, nyaéta San-fo-ts'i jeung Cho-po ([[Jawa]]). Di [[Jawa]] anjeunna manggihan yén rahayatna ngagem [[agama]] Buddha jeung [[Hindu]], sedengkeun rahayat San-fo-ts'i ngagem Buddha, jeung boga 15 daerah handapan nyaéta; ''Si-lan'' ([[Kamboja]]), ''Tan-ma-ling'' (Tambralingga, Ligor, kidul [[Thailand]]), ''Kia-lo-hi'' (Grahi, Chaiya kiwari, kidul [[Thailand]]), ''Ling-ya-si-kia'' (Langkasuka), ''Kilantan'' (Kelantan), ''Pong-fong'' (Pahang), ''Tong-ya-nong'' (Terengganu), ''Fo-lo-an'' (muara sungai Dungun daerah Terengganu kiwari), ''Ji-lo-t'ing'' (Cherating, pantai timur semenanjung malaya), ''Ts'ien-mai'' (Semawe, pantai timur semenanjung malaya), ''Pa-t'a'' (Sungai Paka, pantai timur Semenanjung Malaya), ''Lan-wu-li'' (Lamuri di [[Aceh]]), ''Pa-lin-fong'' (Palembang), ''Kien-pi'' ([[Jambi]]), jeung sabagéan ''Sin-t'o'' ([[Sunda]]).<ref name="Muljana">Slamet Muljana, 2006, ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS.</ref><ref name="Soekmono2"/> Namung, istilah ''San-fo-tsi'' utamana dina taun [[1178]] teu identik jeung Sriwijaya, tatapi geus identik jeung jeung Dharmasraya, ti 15 nagara handapan San-fo-tsi éta mangrupa daptar jajahan karajaan Dharmasraya, sanajan sumber Tiongkok geus nyebatkeun San-fo-tsi salaku karajaan anu aya di kawasan laut Cina Selatan. Hal ieu kusabab dina Pararaton geus nyebutkeun Malayu, disebutkeun Kertanagara Raja Singhasari ngirim hiji ekspedisi Pamalayu atawa ''Pamalayu'', jeung saterusna mere Arca Amoghapasa ka raja Melayu, Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauli Warmadewa di kabupaten Dharmasraya sakumaha anu katulis dina prasasti Padang Roco. Kajadian ieu salajengna dihubungkeun jeung manuskrip anu aya di prasasti Grahi. Kitu ogé dina Nagarakertagama, anu ngadadarkeun ngeunaan daérah jajahan Majapahit anu geus teu nyebutkeun deui ngaran Sriwijaya keur kawasan anu sateuacanna mangrupa kawasan Sriwijaya. == Struktur Pamaréntahan == Wangun hiji nagara dina dimensi struktur otoritas politik Sriwijaya bisa dilacak ti sababaraha prasasti anu nyangkem informasi penting ngeunaan ''kadātuan'', ''vanua'', ''samaryyāda'', ''mandala'' jeung ''bhūmi''.<ref name="Kulke">{{cite journal |last=Kulke |first=H. |title=Kadātuan Śrīvijaya’—Empire or Kraton of Śrīvijaya? A Reassessment of the Epigraphic Data |year=1993 |journal=Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extreme Orient |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=159-180}}</ref> ''Kadātuan'' bisa ngabogaan makna kawasan ''datuk'', (''tanah rumah'') padumukan ''bini hāji'', geus disimpen ''[[emas]]'' jeung hasil cukai (''drawy'') salaku kawasan anu kudu dijaga. Kadātuan ieu dilingkung ku ''vanua'', anu bisa dianggep salaku kawasan kota ti Sriwijaya anu di jerona aya ''vihara'' keur tempat ibadah masarakatna. ''Kadātuan'' jeung ''vanua'' ieu mangrupa hiji kawasan inti keur Sriwijaya éta sorangan. Nurutkeun Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis, ''samaryyāda'' mangrupa kawasan anu pagigir-gigir jeung ''vanua'', anu kahubung jeung jalan husus (''samaryyāda-patha'') anu bisa boga maksud kawasan jero. Sedengkeun ''mandala'' mangrupa hiji kawasan otonom ti ''bhūmi'' anu aya dina pangaruh kakawasaan ''kadātuan'' Sriwijaya.<ref name="Kulke" /> Pangawasa Sriwijaya disebut ''Dapunta Hyang'' atawa ''Maharaja'', jeung dina wilayah raja aya dina wilayah raja anu ngentep seureuh ''yuvarāja'' (putra mahkota), ''pratiyuvarāja'' (putra mahkota kadua) jeung ''rājakumāra'' (pewaris salajengna).<ref name="Caspa">Casparis, J.C., ([[1956]]), ''Prasasti Indonesia II: Selected Inscriptions from the 7th to the 9th century A.D.'', Vol. II. Bandung: Masa Baru.</ref> Prasasti Telaga Batu loba nyebutkeun jabatan dina struktur pamaréntahan karajaan dina mangsa Sriwijaya. == Hubungan jeung dinasti Sailendra == Munculna hubungan antara Sriwijaya jeung Wangsa Sailendra dimimitian kusabab ngaran ''Śailendravamśa'' dina sababaraha [[prasasti]] di antarana dina [[prasasti]] Kalasan di [[pulo]] [[Jawa]], prasasti Ligor di kidul [[Thailand]], jeung [[prasasti]] Nalanda di [[India]]. Iwal ti éta dina [[prasasti]] Sojomerto kapendak [[ngaran]] ''Dapunta Selendra''. Najan asal-usulna dinasti ieu masih jadi padungdengan nepi ka kiwari.<ref name="Poesponegoro"/> Majumdar boga pamadegan dinasti Sailendra ieu aya di Sriwijaya (Swarnadwipa) jeung Medang ([[Jawa]]), kaduanana asalna ti Kalinga di kidul [[India]].<ref name="Majumdar">{{cite journal |last=Majumdar|first=R.C.,|authorlink=|title=Le rois Çriwijaya de Suvarnadvipa|journal =Bulletin de l'Ecole français d'Extrême-Orient|year=1933|volume=XXXIII||issue=||pages=121-144}}</ref> Salajengna Moens nambahkeun kadatangan Dapunta Hyang ka Palembang, nyababkeun salah sahiji kulawarga dina dinasti ieu pindah ka [[Jawa]].<ref name="Moens">{{cite journal |last=Moensr|first=J.L.,|authorlink=|title=Çriwijaya, Yāva en Katāha|journal =TBG|year=1937|volume=LXXVII||issue=||pages=317-487}}</ref> Iwal ti éta Poerbatjaraka nyawang yén ieu dinasti asalna ti [[Nusantara]], dumasar [[Carita Parahiyangan]]<ref name="Poerbatjaraka">{{cite journal |last=Poerbatjaraka|first=R.N.,|authorlink=|title=Çriwijaya, de Çailendra-en de Sanjāyavança|journal =BKI|year=1956|volume=114||issue=||pages=254-264}}</ref> salajengna dikaitkeun jeung sababaraha [[prasasti]] di [[Jawa]] anu basana Malayu Kuna di antarana Prasasti Sojomerto.<ref name="Boechari">{{cite journal |last=Boechari|first=|authorlink=|title=Preliminary report on the discovery of an Old malay inscription at Sojomerto |journal =MISI|year=1966|volume=III||issue=||pages=241-251}}</ref> == Raja anu Maréntah == Para Maharaja Sriwijaya<ref name="end" /><ref name="Muljana">Slamet Muljana, 2006, ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" width="90%" !width="70px"|Taun !width="140px"|[[Ngaran]] Raja !width="140px"|Ibukota !width="400px"|[[Prasasti]], catetan ngirim utusan ka Tiongkok sarta kajadian |- |[[671]] |Dapunta Hyang atawa <br />Sri Jayanasa |Srivijaya Shih-li-fo-shih | Catetan lalampahan I Tsing di taun [[671]]-[[685]], naklukeun Malayu, naklukeun [[Jawa]] [[Prasasti]] Kedukan Bukit ([[683]]), [[Prasasti]] Talang Tuo ([[684]]), [[Prasasti]] Kota Kapur ([[686]]), [[Prasasti]] Karang Brahi jeung [[Prasasti]] Palas Pasemah |- |[[702]] |Sri Indrawarman Shih-li-t-'o-pa-mo |Sriwijaya Shih-li-fo-shih |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[702]]-[[716]], [[724]] Utusan ka Khalifah Muawiyah I jeung Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz |- |[[728]] |Rudra Vikraman Liéou-t'eng-wei-kong |Sriwijaya Shih-li-fo-shih |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[728]]-[[742]] |- |[[743]]-[[774]] | | |Teu acan aya warta dina mangsa ieu |- |[[775]] |Wisnu (raja)|Sri Maharaja |Sriwijaya |Prasasti Ligor B taun [[775]] di Nakhon Si Thammarat, kidul [[Thailand]] jeung naklukeun [[Kamboja]] |- | | |Pindah ka [[Jawa]] ([[Jawa Tengah]] atawa [[Yogyakarta]]) |Wangsa Syailendra ngagantikeun Wangsa Sanjaya |- |[[778]] |Dharanindra atawa<br /> Rakai Panangkaran |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Kelurak [[782]] di gigireun kalér kompleks [[Candi]] Prambanan [[Prasasti]] Kalasan taun [[778]] di [[Candi]] Kalasan |- |[[782]] |Samaragrawira atawa <br /> Rakai Warak |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Nalanda jeung [[prasasti]] Mantyasih taun [[907]] |- |[[792]] |Samaratungga atawa<br /> Rakai Garung |[[Jawa]] |[[Prasasti]] Karang Tengah taun [[824]], [[825]] ngaréngsékeun pangwangunan [[candi]] Borobudur |- |[[840]] | | |Kabinangkitan Wangsa Sanjaya, Rakai Pikatan |- |[[856]] |Balaputradewa |Suwarnadwipa |Leungitna kakawasaan di [[Jawa]], sarta balik deui ka Suwarnadwipa [[Prasasti]] Nalanda taun [[860]], [[India]] |- |[[861]]-[[959]] | | |Teu acan aya warta di périodeu ieu |- |[[960]] |Sri Udayaditya Warmadewa Se-li-hou-ta-hia-li-tan |Sriwijaya San-fo-ts'i |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[960]], & [[962]] |- |[[980]] | | |Utusan ka Tiongkok [[980]] & [[983]]: kalawan raja, ''Hie-tche'' (Haji) |- |988 |Sri Cudamani Warmadewa Se-li-chu-la-wu-ni-fu-ma-tian-hwa |Sriwijaya Malayagiri (Suwarnadwipa) San-fo-ts'i |990 Jawa yerang Sriwijaya, Catetan ''Atiśa'',<br /> Utusan ka Tiongkok 988-992-1003,<br /> pangwangunan candi keur kaisar Cina anu dibéré ngaran <br />''cheng tien wan shou'' |- |1008 |Sri Mara-Vijayottunggawarman Se-li-ma-la-pi |San-fo-ts'i Kataha |Prasasti Leiden & utusan ka Tiongkok 1008 |- |1017 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i ke Tiongkok 1017: kalawan raja, ''Ha-ch'i-su-wa-ch'a-p'u'' <br />(''Haji Sumatrabhumi'' (?)); gelar ''haji'' biasana keur ''raja bawahan'' |- |1025 |Sangrama-Vijayottunggawarman |Sriwijaya Kadaram |Diserang ku Rajendra Chola I jeung jadi tawanan Prasasti Tanjore tarikh 1030 dina candi Rajaraja, Tanjore, India |- |1030 | | |Dihandap Dinasti Chola ti Koromandel |- |1079 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i kalawan raja [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (''Ti-hua-ka-lo'') ka Tiongkok 1079 mantuan renovasi candi Tien Ching di Kuang Cho (deukeut Kanton) |- |1082 | | |Utusan San-fo-ts'i ti ''Kien-pi'' (Jambi) ka Tiongkok 1082 jeung 1088 |- |1089-1177 | | |Teu acan aya warta |- |1178 | | |Laporan ''Chou-Ju-Kua'' dina buku ''Chu-fan-chi'' eusina daptar koloni San-fo-ts'i |- |1183 |Srimat Trailokyaraja Maulibhusana Warmadewa |Dharmasraya |Dihandap Dinasti Mauli, Karajaan Melayu, Prasasti Grahi taun 1183 di kidul [[Thailand]] |} == Warisan Sajarah == Sanajan Srwijaya ngan nyésakeun saeutik titinggal arkéologi sarta dipohokeun ti émutan masarakat pangrojongna, papanggihan deui kamaharajaan bahari ieu ku Coedés di taun [[1920]]-an geus ngabangkitkeun kasadaran yén hiji wangung persatuan politik raya, mangrupa kamaharajaan anu eusina gabungan karajaan-karajaan bahari, kungsi ngadep, tumuwuh, sarta jaya di mangsa bihari.<ref name="nya">{{cite book |title=Strategic Centrality: Indonesia's changing role in ASEAN |last=Smith |first=A.L. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2000 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |location=Singapore |isbn=981-230-103-8 |page=9 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C-IZCcEuX30C&pg=PA9&dq=Srivijaya+source+of+Indonesia+pride&cd=6#v=onepage&q=Srivijaya%20source%20of%20Indonesia%20pride&f=false/Strategic Centrality: Indonesia's changing role in ASEAN |accessdate=}}</ref> Warisan penting Sriwijaya nyaéta basana. Salila mangabad-abad kamekaran kakuatan [[ekonomi]] sarta kaperkasaan militérna, Sriwijaya boga peran badag ti nyebarna pamaké [[Basa]] Malayu Kuna di [[Nusantara]]. Sahenteuna di kawasan basisir. [[Basa]] ieu jadi [[basa]] gawé atawa [[basa]] anu fungsina salaku panghubung (''lingua franca'') digunakeun di sababaraha bandar jeung pasar kawasan [[Nusantara]].<ref name="sea.lib.niu.edu">[http://sea.lib.niu.edu/lang/malay.html Southeast Asia Digital Library: About Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710201133/http://sea.lib.niu.edu/lang/malay.html |date=2010-07-10 }}</ref> Sumebarna [[basa]] Melayu Kuna ieu mungkin geus muka sarta méré jalan keur [[Basa]] Melayu salaku [[basa]] nasional [[Malaysia]], jeung [[Basa Indonesia]] salaku basa “pemersatu” [[Indonesia]] kiwari.<ref name="sea.lib.niu.edu"/> Di sagigireun Majapahit, kaum nasionalis [[Indonesia]] ogé ngagungkeun Sriwijaya salaku sumber kabagjaan jeung bukti kajayaan mangsa bihari [[Indonesia]].<ref name="nya"/> Kajayaan Sriwijaya geus jadi sumber kabagjaan nasinal sarta identitas daérah, hususna keur masarakat [[kota]] Palembang, provinsi [[Sumatera Selatan]], kaagungan Sriwijaya geus jadi inspirasi seni budaya, saperti lagu jeung tarian tradisional Gending Sriwijaya. Hal anu sarua ogé lumaku ka masarakat kidul [[Thailand]] anu nyiptakeun tarian ''Sevichai'' dumasar kana kaanggunan seni [[budaya]] Sriwijaya. Di [[Indonesia]], ngaran Sriwijaya geus digunakeun sarta diabadikeun salaku ngaran jalan di sababaraha [[kota]], sarta ngaran ieu digunakeun ku Universitas Sriwijaya anu diadegkeun taun [[1960]] di Palembang. Kitu ogé Komando Daerah Militer II/Sriwijaya (unit komando militer), PT Pupuk Sriwijaya (Perusahaan Pupuk di Sumatera Selatan), Sriwijaya Post (Surat kabar harian di Palembang), Sriwijaya TV, Sriwijaya Air (maskapai penerbangan), Stadion Gelora Sriwijaya, jeung Sriwijaya Football Club (Klab sepak bola Palembang), sakabéh dingaranan kitu keur ngahormatan, ngamuliakeun, sarta ngarayakeun kamaharajaan Sriwijaya anu agung. <gallery> Gambar:KedukanBukit001.jpg|[[Prasasti Kedukan Bukit]] Gambar:Prasasti Kota Kapur.jpg|Prasasti Kota Kapur Gambar:Talang Tuo Inscription.jpg|Prasasti Talang Tuo Gambar:Telaga Batu inscription.JPG|[[Prasasti Telaga Batu]] Gambar:Southeast Asia trade route map XIIcentury.jpg|Peta Abad XII-XIII </gallery> == Catetan == {{reflist|2}} == Tumbu luar == * {{id}} [http://history.melayuonline.com/?a=c3NWL29QTS9VenVwRnRCb20%3D= Kerajaan Sriwijaya di MelayuOnline.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313065110/http://history.melayuonline.com/?a=c3nwl29qts9venvwrnrcb20== |date=2016-03-13 }} * {{id}} [http://arkeologi.palembang.go.id/ Balai Arkeologi Palembang dan Sriwijaya Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223013428/http://arkeologi.palembang.go.id/ |date=2015-12-23 }} * {{en}} [http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/hindu.htm Sejarah Melayu, Buddhist Empires] * {{en}} [http://epress.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/mobile_devices/ch15s05.html Śrīwijaya: A Centre of Learning?] {{featured article}} {{Artikel Geulis}} [[Kategori:Karajaan Sriwijaya]] [[Kategori:Karajaan di Sumatera]] sdlibi1gcv9k7t8x6asmayvbfjj6n3x 4 45544 712802 711324 2026-09-21T15:26:31Z MediaWiki message delivery 11074 /* Your feedback wanted: Remove (Language link added:) and similar edits from Special:RecentChanges */ bagean anyar 712802 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{Hider kaca sawala|Kawijakan|alpha=yes|start=100|Kaca salawa baagian '''kawijakan''' digunakeun pikeun nyawalakeun ajuan kawijakan jeung palanggeran ogé parobahan [[WP:Policies and guidelines|kawijakan jeung palanggeran]] anu aya.<br>Saupamana Anjeun hayang ngajukeun hiji hal anyar anu '''teu''' aya pakuat-pakaitna jeung kawijakan, mangka kudu ka bagian '''[[WP:SA|ajuan]]'''.<br> Mun Anjeun boga pitanyaeun ngeunaan kabahasaan siga palanggeran sarta éjahan basa Sunda anu merenah, mangka kudu ka bagian '''[[WP:SB|basa]]'''. <br>Ieu mah '''lain tempat ajang néangan bongbolongan''' anu sipatna téknis, éta mah kudu ka bagian '''[[WP:ST|téknis]]''' wé. Mangga ilikan '''[[Wikipedia:NLD|kaca NLD (nu loba ditanyakeun)]]''' pikeun caraman sarta hal-hal anu diheugbaékeun sarta. |WP:SK|WP:SWKJ}}__NEWSECTIONLINK__ __TOC__ <span id="below_toc"></span> [[Category:Sawala Wikipedia]] </noinclude> {{clear}} == Arsip == * [[/2015-2019]] == Wiki Loves Folklore == [[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|100px|right|frameless]] '''Hello Folks,''' Wiki Loves Love is back again in 2020 iteration as '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' from 1 February, 2020 - 29 February, 2020. Join us to celebrate the local cultural heritage of your region with the theme of folklore in the international photography contest at [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wllove Wikimedia Commons]. Images, videos and audios representing different forms of folk cultures and new forms of heritage that haven’t otherwise been documented so far are welcome submissions in Wiki Loves Folklore. Learn more about the contest at [[m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Meta-Wiki]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Commons]]. '''Kind regards,'''<br/> [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore/International Team|'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''']]<br/> <small>&mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small><br/> sent using [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Januari 2020 06.15 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wll&oldid=19716850 --> == Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project == Hello The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement. To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating! -- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 22 Januari 2020 19.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=19738989 --> == Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages == ''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment. We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 26 Pébruari 2020 14.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19845780 --> :Thank you for the info! [[Pamaké:Kumincir|nandar]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Kumincir|sawala]]) 27 Pébruari 2020 11.00 (UTC) == Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]] The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]]. The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]] The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now. This early version can sign and indent comments automatically. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].</strong> *On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias: [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]]. If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]]. *The team is planning some upcoming changes. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.</strong> The team will test features such as: **an easy way to mention another editor ("pinging"), **a rich-text visual editing option, and **other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors. To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|<strong>"Get involved"</strong>]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]]. – [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 8 April 2020 19.27 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=19967063 --> == Editing news 2020 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar. [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]] This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|<strong>Reply tool</strong>]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias). The Beta Feature is called "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}". The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon. The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing <code>@</code>. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now. Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|<strong>New requirements for user signatures</strong>]]: Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable. Most editors will not be affected. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|<strong>New discussion tool</strong>]]: The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|<strong>Research on the use of talk pages</strong>]]: The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles. We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. – [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 17 Juni 2020 20.33 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=20184653 --> == Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos == [[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]] This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 1 Juli 2020 08.24 (UTC) ''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community'' <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Romaine/MassMessage&oldid=20232618 --> == Feedback on movement names == {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented. Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki. Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 2 Juli 2020 19.42 (UTC) ''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].'' <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20238830 --> : Thank you for sending us this message. We will discuss this topic with the other administrators and Wikipedians. Hopefully we can participate on the survey. -- [[Pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|ilhamkang]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Ilham.nurwansah|sawala]]) 4 Juli 2020 00.28 (UTC) == Editing news 2020 #3 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="su" dir="ltr"> == Warta Editing 2020 #3 == <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=Béntang emas maké ribon paul, sarta téks 50j|Leuwih ti <strong>50 juta éditan</strong> geus dijieun maké éditor visual dina déstop.|400px]] Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors. Since then, editors have achieved many milestones: * More than <strong>50 million edits</strong> have been made using the visual editor on desktop. * More than <strong>2 million new articles</strong> have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019. * The visual editor is <strong>increasingly popular</strong>. The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction. * In 2019, <strong>35% of the edits by newcomers</strong> (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has <strong>increased every year</strong>. * Almost <strong>5 million edits on the mobile site</strong> have been made with the visual editor. Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018. * On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 <strong>first edit from outer space</strong>] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀 * Editors have made more than <strong>7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor</strong>, including starting <strong>600,000 new articles</strong> in it. The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode. You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]]. [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 9 Juli 2020 12.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=20232673 --> == Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new. This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 <ref>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]</ref> after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world. The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language. As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation <ref>[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]</ref>. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams. It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project. We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions. There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list <ref>[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]</ref>. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path. Yours, Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) <references/> </div> <small>Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 9 Juli 2020 20.10 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' </small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20265921 --> == Kode Etik Universal (''Universal Code of Conduct'') == ''Mohon maaf bila pesan ini tidak diterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia. Anda dapat menerjemahkannya ke dalam bahasa Sunda bila perlu.'' Meneruskan pesan dari tim [[:meta:Trust and Safety|Trust and Safety WMF]]: Dalam 19 tahun terakhir, para Wikimedian telah bahu-membahu membangun sumber daya pengetahuan bebas paling besar dalam sejarah umat manusia. Dalam waktu yang singkat, Wikimedia telah tumbuh dari sekelompok kecil penyunting menjadi sebuah masyarakat besar yang terdiri atas para editor, pengembang, mitra berafiliasi, pembaca, penyumbang, dan rekan kerja sama. Anda tentu menyadari bahwa untuk komunitas masih harus bekerja keras untuk bisa mewujudkan cita-cita Wikimedia, yang terejawantahkan pada pernyataan "bayangkan sebuah dunia di mana setiap orang dapat berbagi segala macam pengetahuan dengan bebas" (''imagine a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge''). Di sisi lain, komunitas Wikimedia masih belum memiliki panduan yang jelas dan mengikat untuk menciptakan sebuah lingkungan di mana pengetahuan bebas dapat dibagikan tanpa sebarang ketakutan. Untuk menciptakan hal itu, perlulah dijamin keamanan dan kenyamanan semua orang yang ingin berbagi pengetahuan secara bebas, sehingga dapat mendorong mereka untuk bergabung dan berkontribusi. Singkatnya, diperlukan sebuah panduan yang dapat membangun sebuah lingkungan yang inklusif, konstruktif, dan mendorong pembebasan pengetahuan. Selama ini, telah ada perbincangan atas perlunya sebuah peraturan perilaku global yang mengikat seluruh komunitas Wikimedia. Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia telah mengumumkan '''[[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/May 2020 - Board of Trustees on Healthy Community Culture, Inclusivity, and Safe Spaces|''Community Culture Statement'']]''' yang menjadi panduan untuk mencegah pelecehan dan menganjurkan inklusivitas di seluruh proyek Wikimedia. Sebagai pelaksanaan dari pernyataan tersebut, sebuah '''Kode Etik Universal''' (''Universal Code of Conduct'') akan diadakan sebagai standar minimum di seluruh proyek Wikimedia dan akan berlaku bagi para sukarelawan maupun staf Wikimedia di seluruh dunia. Kode Etik ini akan menjadi dasar pertimbangan dalam seluruh kegiatan di Wikimedia, baik itu pada tingkat proyek, kelompok, maupun perseorangan. Mari berpartipasi dalam perbincangan mengenai Kode Etik Universal ini: apa yang mesti diatur dan tidak perlu diatur, bagaimana cara peraturan ini berkembang dan diterapkan, dan apa untung-ruginya bagi komunitas Wikimedia. Komunitas Anda adalah bagian dari Wikimedia, dan suara Anda amat berharga. Anda dapat memulai dengan membaca rancangan [[:meta:Universal Code of Conduct|'''Kode Etik Universal''']] dan membincangkannya di [[:meta:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct|'''halaman diskusinya''']]. Agar lebih banyak anggota komunitas Wikimedia yang berpartisipasi, Anda dianjurkan untuk '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct&language=en&action=page&filter= menerjemahkan rancangan Kode Etik Universal ke dalam bahasa Anda]'''. Perlu dicatat bahwa jika halaman Kode Etik Universal tersebut belum diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Anda, usulan atau tanggapan dalam bahasa selain Inggris pada diskusi yang dimulai dengan bahasa Inggris akan tetap diterima. Salam, [[Pamaké:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|David Wadie Fisher-Freberg]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:David Wadie Fisher-Freberg|sawala]]) 14 Juli 2020 18.38 (UTC) == Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. How does it work? Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link "Move file to Wikimedia Commons" on the local file page. Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: </div>[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 6 Agustus 2020 09.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=20343133 --> == Important: maintenance operation on September 1st == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="su" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Baca ieu surat dina séjén basa]] [[foundation:|Yayasan Wikimédia]] bakal nguji puseur data sekundér. Ieu pikeun mastikeun yén Wikipédia jeung wiki Wikimédia séjénna bisa angger onlén najan aya bencana. Pikeun mastikeun yén sakabéhna jalan, departemén Téknologi Wikimédia kudu migawé uji anu direncana. Ieu uji bakal némbongkeun bisa henteuna pindah ti hiji puseur data ka puseur data séjénna. Gawé kieu butuh loba tim pikeun nataharkeun uji sarta sayaga menerkeun lamun aya masalah anu teu dipiharep. Maranéhna bakal mindahkeun sakabéh patalimarga ka puseur data sekundér poé '''Salasa, 1 Séptémber 2020'''. Hanjakalna, kusabab ayana kawates di [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], sakabéh gawé ngédit kudu eureun nalika pindah. Ku kituna kami ménta hampura, jaga mah muga-muga bisa leuwih hadé. '''Anjeun bakal bisa maca, tapi teu bisa ngaropéa/ngédit, sakur wiki dina waktu éta.''' *Anjeun moal bisa ngédit nepi ka sajam dina poé Salasa, 1 Séptémber. Ujina bakal dimimitian dina [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, jeung di Selandia Anyar 02:00 NZST poé Rebo 2 Séptémber). *Lamun nyoba ngédit dina mangsa éta, anjeun bakal manggih iber éror. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' </div></div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 26 Agustus 2020 13.49 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20384955 --> == Invitation to participate in the conversation == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020. The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved? Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta. Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 10 Séptémber 2020 17.55 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Draft_review/Invitation_(long_version)/List&oldid=20440292 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Please-translate}} {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations. There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 29 Séptémber 2020 21.22 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_5&oldid=20492309 --> == Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 7 Oktober 2020 17.17 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Board&oldid=20519859 --> == Important: maintenance operation on October 27 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> -- <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 21 Oktober 2020 17.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20519839 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] </div> 5 Nopémber 2020 22.10 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20564572 --> == Survei Harapan Komunitas 2021 == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Survei Harapan Komunitas 2021]]''' telah dibuka! Survei ini adalah proses dimana komunitas akan memutuskan apa yang tim [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] harus kerjakan selama satu tahun kedepan. Kami mendorong semua orang untuk mengirimkan proposal hingga batas waktu berakhir pada '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', atau mengomentari proposal lain untuk membuatnya menjadi lebih baik. Komunitas akan memberikan suara pada proposal antara {{#time: j xg|2020-12-08| {{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} dan {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. Tim Community Tech berfokus pada perkakas-perkakas bagi penyunting Wikimedia berpengalaman. Anda dapat menulis proposal dalam bahasa apa pun, dan kami akan menerjemahkannya untuk Anda. Kami tak sabar ingin melihat proposal Anda! Terima kasih. [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 20 Nopémber 2020 05.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=20689321 --> == Global bot policy proposal: invitation to a Meta discussion == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:hello}}! I apologize for sending a message in English. {{int:please-translate}}. According to [[:m:Bot_policy/Implementation#Where_it_is_policy|the list]], your wiki project currently is opted in to the [[:m:Bot_policy#Global_bots|global bot policy]]. Under this policy, bots that fix double redirects or maintain interwiki links are allowed to operate under a global bot flag that is assigned directly by the stewards. As the Wikimedia projects developed, the need for the current global bot policy decreased, and in the past years, no bots were appointed via that policy. That is mainly given Wikidata were estabilished in 2013, and it is no longer necessary to have dozens of bots that maintain interwiki links. A [[:m:Requests for comment/Refine global bot policy|proposal]] was made at Meta-Wiki, which proposes that the stewards will be authorized to determine whether an uncontroversial task may be assigned a global bot flag. The stewards already assign permissions that are more impactful on many wikis, namely, [[:m:GS|global sysops]] and [[:m:GR|global renamers]], and I do not think that trust should be an issue. The stewards will assign the permission only to time-proven bots that are already approved at a number of projects, like [[:m:User:ListeriaBot|ListeriaBot]]. By this message, I would like to invite you to comment [[:m:Requests for comment/Refine global bot policy|in the global RFC]], to voice your opinion about this matter. Thank you for your time. Best regards,<br /> [[User:Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] ([[:m:User talk:Martin Urbanec|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 24 Nopémber 2020 11.49 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Martin Urbanec@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Martin_Urbanec/sand&oldid=20709229 --> == Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!'' As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article. Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki. This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond. Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015. If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks! [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 30 Nopémber 2020 14.39 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/wikis&oldid=20728482 --> == 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools! You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 7 Désémber 2020 10.55 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20734978 --> == Survei Harapan Komunitas 2021 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="id" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] '''Kami mengundang semua pengguna terdaftar untuk memberikan suara pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Survei Harapan Komunitas 2021]]. Anda dapat memberi suara mulai dari sekarang hingga {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|id}} dalam harapan berbeda sebanyak-banyaknya.''' Dalam survei ini, harapan untuk perkakas baru dan yang lebih baik untuk editor berpengalaman akan dikumpulkan. Setelah pemungutan suara berlangsung, kami akan melakukan yang terbaik untuk mengabulkan harapanmu. Kami akan memulai dengan harapan yang terpopuler. Kami, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], adalah salah satu tim dari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. Kami membuat dan meningkatkan perkakas penyuntingan dan administrasi wiki. Apa yang kami kerjakan ditentukan berdasarkan hasil Survei Harapan Komunitas ini. Setahun sekali, Anda dapat mengirimkan sejumlah harapan. Setelah dua minggu berlangsung, Anda memilih salah satu harapan yang paling diminati. Selanjutnya, kami memilih harapan dari survei tersebut untuk dikerjakan. Beberapa harapan lain mungkin dikerjakan oleh pengembang sukarelawan atau tim lain. Kami menunggu suara Anda. Terima kasih! </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 11 Désémber 2020 14.57 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=20689321 --> == Undangan urun pikiran dalam konsultasi Kode Etik Universal == Salam, Anda diundang untuk ikut urun pikiran dan gagasan pada proses konsultasi tahap kedua '''[[meta:Universal Code of Conduct|Kode Etik Universal]]''' (UCoC). Konsultasi tahap kedua UCoC akan berfokus pada perumusan mekanisme penerapan dan penegakan yang efektif dan berlaku bagi seluruh proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Tahap kedua ini penting mengingat UCoC merupakan salah satu mandat utama dari proses [[meta:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Recommendations/Provide for Safety and Inclusion|Strategi Gerakan Wikimedia]] dan akan menjadi standar minimum bagi kebijakan tingkah laku di proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Komunitas bahasa Sunda, sebagai bagian dari komunitas Wikimedia di Indonesia, akan memainkan peran yang penting dalam penegakan UCoC berdasarkan nilai-nilai lokal, pengalaman terdahulu, ingatan institusional, dan kearifan budaya yang berlaku di sini. Kami menyediakan beberapa bahan bacaan yang dapat membantu Anda mengetahui dasar-dasar mengenai UCoC. Anda dapat membaca '''[[meta:Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/id|rancangan akhir UCoC]]''' yang disusun oleh komite staf dan sukarelawan Wikimedia; '''[[meta:Universal Code of Conduct/Initial 2020 Consultations/id|laporan akhir]]''' dari konsultasi tahap pertama mengenai perumusan UCoC; dan '''[[meta:Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ/id|pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang sering ditanyakan]]''' terkait UCoC (FAQ). Anda dapat berpartisipasi dengan berkomentar di '''[https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Permohonan_pendapat/Pelaksanaan_Kode_Etik_Universal halaman permohonan pendapat]''', yang akan dibuka sampai akhir bulan Februari 2021. Namun, bila Anda memiliki pertanyaan lain atau ingin menyampaikan respon yang dirasa lebih sesuai disampaikan pada ruang privat, silakan kirimkan surel atau tinggalkan pesan di halaman pembicaraan saya untuk mengatur cara komunikasi yang lebih sesuai dengan kondisi Anda. Kami memohon maaf karena keterbatasan sumber daya, diskusi hanya dapat diselenggarakan dalam bahasa Indonesia dan tidak dalam bahasa-bahasa daerah lain yang dipertuturkan di Indonesia. Namun, Anda amat dianjurkan untuk berkomentar dan menyampaikan pendapat sesuai dengan kondisi komunitas Sunda. Terima kasih atas perhatian dan partisipasi Anda. Kami menunggu sumbangan pemikiran dan pendapat yang baik, dalam rangka membuat gerakan Wikimedia sebuah tempat yang lebih nyaman bagi semua orang. Salam hangat, [[Pamaké:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:RamzyM (WMF)|sawala]]) 17 Januari 2021 23.32 (UTC) :Halo semua. Untuk mengetahui secara lebih spesifik lagi dari komunitas Wikimedia di Indonesia, kami mengundang Anda untuk mengisi survei tentang Kode Etik Universal di '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScTt6L1S4_7ENltfoVGuGdVqhy9wwcpqYL5kGBafEPt8bVJSw/viewform tautan ini]'''. Terima kasih! [[Pamaké:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:RamzyM (WMF)|sawala]]) 10 Pébruari 2021 07.42 (UTC) == Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]] ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' [[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. ''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 27 Januari 2021 15.16 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikimania21&oldid=21014617 --> == Project Grant Open Call == This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.<br> This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.<br> For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building. We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:<br> * Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal: * [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application<br> * General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants <br> * [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]<br> Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.<br> We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!<br> Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 28 Januari 2021 08.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RSharma (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20808431 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2021 is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2021|Wiki Loves Folklore 2021]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the 1st till the 28th of February. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2021 submitting] them in this commons contest. Please support us in translating the [[:c:Commons: Wiki Loves Folklore 2021|project page]] and a [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Translate?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-wikiloveslove2020&language=en&filter=%21translated&action=translate|one-line banner message] to help us spread the word in your native language. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 6 Pébruari 2021 13.25 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wll&oldid=21073884 --> == Feminism & Folklore 1 February - 31 March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. Feminism and Folklore team, [[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 16 Pébruari 2021 02.40 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=20421065 --> == Wikifunctions logo contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 2 Maret 2021 01.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21087740 --> == Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 === {{int:please-translate}} The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']]. ==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ==== The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment. To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]]. ==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ==== From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable. To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]]. -- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) 5 April 2021 22.09 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)/Without_Russian,_Polish_and_translated/6&oldid=21302337 --> == Global bot policy changes == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:hello}}! I apologize for sending a message in English. {{int:please-translate}}. According to [[:m:Bot_policy/Implementation#Where_it_is_policy|the list]], your wiki project is currently opted in to the [[:m:Bot_policy#Global_bots|global bot policy]]. As such, I want to let you know about some changes that were made after the [[:m:Requests for comment/Refine global bot policy|global RfC]] was closed. *Global bots are now subject to a 2 week discussion, and it'll be publicized via a MassMessage list, available at [[:m:Bot policy/New global bot discussion|Bot policy/New global bot discussion]] on Meta. Please subscribe yourself or your wiki if you are interested in new global bots proposals. *For a bot to be considered for approval, it must demonstrate it is welcomed in multiple projects, and a good way to do that is to have the bot flag on at least 5 wikis for a single task. *The bot operator should make sure to adhere to the wiki's preference as related to the use of the bot flag (i.e., if a wiki doesn't want a bot to use the flag as it edits, that should be followed). Thank you for your time. Best regards,<br /> —'''''<span style="font-family:Candara">[[User:Tks4Fish|<span style="color:black">Thanks for the fish!</span>]] ^{[[User Talk:Tks4Fish|<span style="color:blue">talk</span>]]•[[Special:Contribs/Tks4Fish|contribs]]}</span>''''' 6 April 2021 18.48 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tks4Fish@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tks4Fish/temp&oldid=21306363 --> == Line numbering coming soon to all wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]] From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]]. </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12 April 2021 15.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21329014 --> == Suggested Values == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones. More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 22 April 2021 14.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21361904 --> == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 == <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 1, June 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]</span> ---- Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]]. You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]]) * '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]]) * '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]]) * '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]]) * '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])</div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 11 Juni 2021 23.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SOyeyele (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SOyeyele_(WMF)/Announcements/Other_languages&oldid=21578291 --> == Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions == [[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]] Dear all, Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021. '''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]]. Below are some links to guide you through; * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]] * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]] * [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]] Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. '''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. '''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have. Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]] Best regards, [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 16 Juni 2021 04.18 (UTC) On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bodhisattwa@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21597568 --> == Editing news 2021 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="su" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Baca dina séjén basa]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Pendaptaran pikeun ieu wartasurat multibasa]]</em> [[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias</span>|thumb|296x296px|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])</span>]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]]. The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki. The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The key results were:</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Newer editors who had automatic ("default on") access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful.</span> <strong><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Looking ahead</span></strong> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months. This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]]. After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can turn on "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now. After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].</span> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">talk</span>]]) </div> 24 Juni 2021 14.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21624491 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. <!-- They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --> Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of June 28. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 27 Juni 2021 01.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21463754 --> == Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="content"/>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Komite Perumus Fase 2]] meminta pendapat, pandangan, dan komentar mengenai '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|Rancangan Panduan Penegakan]]''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Kode Etik Universal]] (UCoC). Periode peninjauan ini akan berlangsung dari 17 Agustus hingga 17 Oktober 2021. Panduan penegakan ini masih bersifat rancangan. Anda dapat membantu menyempurnakannya dengan memberikan pandangan Anda. Komite Perumus akan menyempurnakan teks naskah panduan ini selaras dengan umpan balik yang didapat dari para anggota komunitas. Anda dapat berkomentar menggunakan bahasa apa pun pada [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|halaman pembicaraan]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|beberapa saluran diskusi]] lainnya. Anggota komunitas dianjurkan pula untuk mengorganisir diskusi dan percakapan mengenai hal ini pada komunitas mereka. Berikut beberapa diskusi yang akan dilangsungkan dan membahas mengenai Rancangan Panduan Penegakan UCoC: :[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Sesi Wikimania 2021]] - 16 Agustus @ 11:00 UTC - 11:45 UTC :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Jam kerja terbuka]] - 24 Agustus, 31 Agustus, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC & 14:00 UTC :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Forum diskusi virtual]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC & 15:00 UTC Ringkasan hasil diskusi akan dipublikasikan setiap dua minggu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|di sini]]. Harap beritahu saya jika Anda punya pertanyaan.<section end="content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17 Agustus 2021 23.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895766 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end == Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board. 6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]]. Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better. 2 Séptémber 2021 10.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895840 --> == The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello everyone, We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well. Summary: <div style="font-style:italic;"> We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]]. </div> === Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year === In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published. However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]]. We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist. === Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities === We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes. === A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet === We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe. We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon! === Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase === If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes! === Feedback === * What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages? * How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]] * What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022? * What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022? Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings. </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 7 Séptémber 2021 00.23 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/>Tim Strategi Gerakan mengundang Anda untuk [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|mendaftar menjadi anggota Komite Perumus Piagam Gerakan]]. Periode pendaftaran dimulai pada 2 Agustus 2021 dan berakhir pada 14 September 2021. Para anggota Komite diharapkan dapat mewakili [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|tingkat keberagaman]] dalam gerakan Wikimedia. Hal ini diukur melalui faktor gender, bahasa yang dipertuturkan, geografis, dan pengalaman berpartisipasi dalam proyek Wikimedia, organisasi mitra, dan Yayasan Wikimedia. Kefasihan berbahasa Inggris tidak diperlukan untuk menjadi anggota Komite. Jika diperlukan, jasa penerjemahan dan penafsiran akan disediakan. Anggota Komite akan mendapatkan tunjangan sebesar US$100 setiap dua bulan untuk membantu biaya keikutsertaan yang mungkin diperlukan. Kami mencari individu yang memiliki [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|kemampuan berikut ini]]: * Mampu menulis secara kolaboratif (pengalaman yang demonstratif adalah nilah tambah) * Bersedia untuk mencari jalan tengah. * Berfokus pada inklusi dan keberagaman. * Mengetahui seluk-beluk konsultasi komunitas. * Memiliki pengalaman komunikasi antarbudaya. * Memiliki pengalaman dalam tata kelola organisasi nirlaba atau komunitas. * Berpengalaman dalam bernegosisasi dengan pihak-pihak yang berbeda. Komite ini diperkirakan akan beranggotakan sekitar 15 orang. Jika ada 20 calon atau lebih, akan dilangsungkan proses pemilihan dan seleksi. Jika ada 19 calon atau kurang, proses seleksi akan berlangsung tanpa pemilihan. <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> Mari sertai langkah maju gerakan Wikimedia! Calonkan diri Anda [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|pada halaman ini]]. Jika Anda punya pertanyaan lebih lanjut, silakan hubungi strategy2030{{at}}wikimedia.org. </div><section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 10 Séptémber 2021 17.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22002240 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 11 Séptémber 2021 00.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Talk to the Community Tech == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello! As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join''']. '''Agenda''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022 * Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes * Questions and answers '''Format''' The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English. We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting. '''Invitation link''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online] * Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390 * One tap mobile ** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York) ** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose) * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location] See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 11 Séptémber 2021 03.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter == Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Pamaké:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:Dušan Kreheľ|sawala]]) 30 Séptémber 2021 01.56 (UTC) == Lenyepan kumaha carana Hibah Implementasi Strategi Gerakan bisa ngarojong rencana Strategi Gerakan anjeun == <section begin="announcement-content"/>Hibah Implementasi Strategi Gerakan ayeuna nyadiakeun leuwih ti $2,000 USD pikeun ngajalankeun rarancang Strategi Gerakan. Baca leuwih lengkep ngeunaan [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|hibah Implementasi Strategi Gerakan, pasaratan, jeung cara daptar]].<section end="annoumcent-content"/> [[Pamaké:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|sawala]]) 24 Oktober 2021 08.22 (UTC) == Nepangkeun anggota anyar Komite Perumus Piagam Gerakan == :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Prosés pamilihan Komite Perumus Piagam Gerakan geus réngsé. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|Hasil pamilihan geus diémbarkeun]]. Aya 1018 pamilon geus méré sora pikeun milih tujuh anggota komite: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|Prosés apiliat]] geus milih genep anggota: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''. * Yayasan Wikimédia geus [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|nunjuk]] dua anggota: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''. Komite sagancangna bakal ngayakeun sawala pikeun mitembeyan makarya. Komite bisa nunjuk nepi ka tilu aonggota lianna pikeun jadi cukang karageman jeung kasenjangan kaahlian. Lamun anjeun aya kereteg pikeun aub dina prosés panyusunan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Piagam Gerakan]], tuturkeun pamutahiranana [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|di Méta]] tur gabung ka [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf grup Telegram]. Panuhun ti tim Tata Keloka jeung Strategi Gerakan.--[[Pamaké:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:SOyeyele (WMF)|sawala]]) 1 Nopémber 2021 18.19 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 28th''' of February. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2022 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 9 Januari 2022 13.15 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22560402 --> == Survei Harapan Komunitas 2022 == [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|right|200px]] '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey {{{year|2022}}}|Survei Harapan Komunitas {{{year|2022}}}]]''' telah dibuka!''' Survei ini adalah proses dimana komunitas akan memutuskan apa yang tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech| Community Tech]] harus kerjakan selama satu tahun kedepan. Kami mendorong semua orang untuk mengirimkan proposal hingga batas waktu berakhir pada '''23 Januari''', atau mengomentari proposal lain untuk membuatnya menjadi lebih baik. Komunitas akan memberikan suara pada proposal antara 28 Januari dan 11 Februari. Tim Community Tech berfokus pada perkakas-perkakas bagi penyunting Wikimedia berpengalaman. Anda dapat menulis proposal dalam bahasa apa pun, dan kami akan menerjemahkannya untuk Anda. Kami tak sabar ingin melihat proposal Anda! Terima kasih. [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 10 Januari 2022 18.10 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=21253627 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]]. You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... Thank you. '''Feminism and Folklore Team''', [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] --11 Januari 2022 05.49 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22574381 --> == Berbicara dengan Community Tech == [[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]] {{int:Hello}} Kami, tim yang mengerjakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Survei Harapan Komunitas]], mengundang Anda untuk mengikuti pertemuan daring bersama kami. Pertemuannya akan dilakukan pada [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220119T1800 '''{{#time:j xg|2022-01-19}} ({{#time:l|2022-01-19}}), {{#time:H:i e|18:00|id|1}}'''] di Zoom dan akan berlangsung selama satu jam. Sistem eksternal ini tidak mematuhi [[foundation:Privacy_policy|Kebijakan Privasi WMF]]. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 '''Tekan di sini untuk bergabung''']. '''Agenda''' * Berikan draf proposal Anda dan berbicara ke anggota Tim Community Tech tentang pertanyaan Anda mengenai cara memperbaiki proposal '''Format''' Pertemuan ini tidak akan direkam atau disiarkan. Catatan tanpa atribusi akan dibuat dan diterbitkan di Meta-Wiki. Presentasi (semua poin dalam agenda kecuali untuk pertanyaan dan jawaban) akan diberikan dalam bahasa Inggris. Kami bisa menjawab pertanyaan dalam bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Polandia, Spanyol, dan Jerman. Jika Anda ingin menanyakan pertanyaan lebih awal, tambahkan pertanyaannya [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|di halaman pembicaraan Survei Harapan Komunitas]] atau kirimkan ke sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (manajer [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]]) akan menjadi tuan rumah pertemuan ini. '''Tautan undangan''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 Bergabung secara daring] * ID Pertemuan: <span dir=ltr>85804347114</span> * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/keu6UeRT0T Panggil berdasarkan lokasi Anda] Kami berharap bisa bertemu Anda! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 18 Januari 2022 00.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=21253627 --> == Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Dear community members, Greetings from the EWOC Newsletter team and the education team at Wikimedia Foundation. We are very excited to share that we on tenth years of Education Newsletter ([[m:Education/News|This Month in Education]]) invite you to join us by [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|subscribing to the newsletter on your talk page]] or by [[m:Education/News/Newsroom|sharing your activities in the upcoming newsletters]]. The Wikimedia Education newsletter is a monthly newsletter that collects articles written by community members using Wikimedia projects in education around the world, and it is published by the EWOC Newsletter team in collaboration with the Education team. These stories can bring you new ideas to try, valuable insights about the success and challenges of our community members in running education programs in their context. If your affiliate/language project is developing its own education initiatives, please remember to take advantage of this newsletter to publish your stories with the wider movement that shares your passion for education. You can submit newsletter articles in your own language or submit bilingual articles for the education newsletter. For the month of January the deadline to submit articles is on the 20th January. We look forward to reading your stories. Older versions of this newsletter can be found in the [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|complete archive]]. More information about the newsletter can be found at [[m:Education/News/Publication Guidelines|Education/Newsletter/About]]. For more information, please contact spatnaik{{@}}wikimedia.org. ------ <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[User:ZI Jony|<span style="color:#8B0000">'''ZI Jony'''</span>]] [[User talk:ZI Jony|^{<span style="color:Green"><i>(Talk)</i></span>}]], {{<includeonly>subst:</includeonly>#time:l G:i, d F Y|}} (UTC)</div></div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/Awareness_of_Education_Newsletter/List_of_Village_Pumps&oldid=21244129 --> == Kabar terkini Pembaruan Desktop dan undangan ''Office Hours'' == {{int:Hello}}. Saya ingin memberi kabar mengenai proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|Pembaruan Desktop]] yang sedang dikerjakan oleh tim Web Wikimedia Foundation dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Tujuan proyek ini adalah untuk membuat antarmuka lebih ramah dan nyaman untuk para pembaca dan berguna untuk pengguna tingkat lanjut. Proyek ini terdiri dari serangkaian pembaruan fitur yang diharapkan dapat membantu dalam membaca dan mempelajari konten, berpindah dari satu situs ke situs lainnya, mencari konten, mengubah bahasa, membuka tab-tab dalam artikel, menggunakan menu pengguna, dan lain-lain. Pembaruan ini sudah dapat dilihat secara langsung oleh pembaca dan penyunting di 24 situs wiki berbeda, termasuk situs Wikipedia dalam bahasa [[:fr:|Prancis]], [[:pt:|Portugis]], dan [[:fa:|Persia]]. Pembaruan tersebut hanya mempengaruhi pengguna atau pembaca yang menggunakan kulit [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=vector}} ''Vector'']. Pengguna yang menggunakan kulit [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=monobook}} ''Monobook''] atau [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=timeless}} ''Timeless''] tidak akan melihat pembaruan-pembaruan ini. === Fitur yang dirilis sejak pembaruan terakhir === * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/User_menu|Menu pengguna]] - berfokus untuk membuat penjelajahan lebih intuitif dengan menyorot visual struktur pranala pengguna dan tujuan-tujuan itu. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|Bagian kepala menempel]] - berfokus untuk memberi akses terhadap fungsi-fungsi penting (masuk/keluar log, riwayat, halaman pembicaraan, dll.) tanpa menyuruh pengguna untuk menggulung ke bagian atas halaman. Senarai fitur yang dikerjakan dalam proyek ini dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|halaman ini]]. Kami mengundang Anda untuk melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates|halaman kabar terkini]]. [[File:Table_of_contents_shown_on_English_Wikipedia_02.webm|thumb|600px|center]] <br clear=all> === Cara mengaktifkan pembaruan ini === [[File:Desktop Improvements - how to enable globally.png|thumb|[[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|{{int:globalpreferences}}]]]] * Pengguna dapat mengaktifkan pembaruan ini untuk diri sendiri [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|di tab Tampilan di dalam preferensi]] dengan menghapus centang di kotak "{{int:prefs-vector-enable-vector-1-label}}". (Harus dikosongkan.) Pengguna juga dapat mengaktifkannya untuk semua wiki dengan menggunakan [[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferensi global]]. * Di wiki tempat perubahannya terlihat secara baku bagi semua orang, pengguna yang masuk log dapat mematikan perubahan ini dan menggunakan Legacy Vector. Terdapat pranala yang mudah diakses di bilah sisi Vector yang baru. === Pelajari lebih lanjut dan ikuti acara-acara kami === Jika Anda ingin mengetahui perkembangan terbaru mengenai proyek ini, Anda dapat [[mw:Special:Newsletter/28/subscribe|berlangganan nawala kami]]. Silakan membaca [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|halaman proyek ini]], lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions|pertanyaan umum]], beri saran di [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|halaman pembicaraannya]], dan ikuti pertemuan daring dengan kami ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220127T1500 '''{{#time:j xg|2022-01-27}} ({{#time:l|2022-01-27}}), {{#time:H:i e|15:00|id|1}}''']). Cara bergabung dalam pertemuan daring * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89205402895 Gabung secara daring] * ID Pertemuan: <span dir=ltr>89205402895</span> * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kdPQ6k2Bcm Panggil berdasarkan lokasi Anda] {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} Atas nama tim Web Wikimedia Foundation, [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|bicara]]) 25 Januari 2022 06.32 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=21253627 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team, We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc. We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language. Best wishes, '''International Team'''<br /> '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 22 Pébruari 2022 04.50 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Rockpeterson@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Coming soon == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> === Several improvements around templates === Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki: * Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]), * Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]), * and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right). All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. </div> - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 28 Pébruari 2022 12.38 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=22907463 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. ([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram]) The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]] A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]]. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 14 Maret 2022 14.40 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Rockpeterson@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 26 Maret 2022 14.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Rockpeterson@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == Mari berdiskusi bersama kami perihal Peningkatan Desktop == [[File:New table of contents shown on English wikipedia.png|thumb]] Halo! Apakah Anda menyadari bahwa beberapa wiki memiliki tampilan yang berbeda? Ingin tahu bagaimana tahapan selanjutnya? Mungkin Anda memiliki pertanyaan atau ide untuk menjadikannya lebih baik? Mari berdiskusi bersama dengan kami, tim yang mengerjakan proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|Peningkatan Desktop]], melalui pertemuan secara daring (''online'')! Pertemuan ini akan berlangsung pada tanggal '''29 April 2022 pukul [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220429T1300 13:00 UTC] dan [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220429T1800 18:00 UTC]''' melalui aplikasi Zoom. '''[https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88045453898 Klik di sini untuk bergabung]'''. Meeting ID: 88045453898 [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kcOMICmyyA Panggil berdasarkan lokasi Anda]. '''Agenda''' * Menyampaikan informasi terkini perihal perkembangan proyek * Tanya jawab dan diskusi '''Format''' Pertemuan ini tidak akan direkam atau disiarkan. Namun, catatan dari pertemuan ini akan disimpan dalam [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G4tfss-JBVxyZMxGlOj5MCBhOO-0sLekquFoa2XiQb8/edit# berkas Google Documents] agar bisa diakses kapan saja. Manajer Produk kami yakni [[mw:User:OVasileva_(WMF)|Olga Vasileva]] akan membawakan pertemuan ini. Presentasi akan dibawakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Terlepas dari presentasi yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris, Anda dapat mengajukan pertanyaan dalam bahasa Indonesia, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, dan Polandia. Apabila Anda ingin mengajukan pertanyaan sebelum sesi pertemuan berlangsung, silakan kirimkan pertanyaan Anda melalui [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|halaman pembicaraan]] atau melalui surel ke sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. Pada pertemuan ini, aturan mengenai [[foundation:Friendly_space_policy|kebijakan ruang ramah]] dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Code_of_Conduct|kode etik]] mutlak berlaku. Sementara itu, Zoom tidak termasuk dalam [[foundation:Privacy_policy|kebijakan privasi WMF]]. Kami harapkan kedatangan Anda! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|bicara]]) 27 April 2022 14.41 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Id_fallback&oldid=21253627 --> == Coming soon: Improvements for templates == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!--T:11--> [[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]] Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon: The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]] In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]] Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages! </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 29 April 2022 11.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=23222263 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berita penyuntingan 2022 #1</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Baca nawala ini dalam bahasa lain]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Daftar langganan nawala multibahasa ini]]</i> [[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|Penyunting baru lebih mampu menyunting dengan alat baru ini.]] Alat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|Topik baru]] membantu penyunting membuat ==Bagian== baru di halaman pembicaraan. Penyunting baru lebih mampu menyunting dengan alat baru ini. Anda bisa [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|membaca laporannya]]. Tidak lama lagi, tim Editing akan menawarkan alat ini kepada semua penyunting di 20 Wikipedia yang ikut serta dalam uji cobanya. Anda bisa mematikan alat tersebut di [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].<section end="message"/> </div> [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 2 Méi 2022 18.55 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=22019984 --> == Enabling Section Translation: a new mobile translation experience == {{int:Hello}} Sundanese Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your native language, {{Int:Please-translate}}. The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] is pleased to let you know that we will like to enable the [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section translation]] tool in Sundanese Wikipedia. For this, our team will love you to read about the tool and test it so you can: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Give us your feedback <nowiki>*</nowiki> Ask us questions <nowiki>*</nowiki> Tell us how to improve it. Below is background information about Section translation, why we have chosen your community, and how to test it. '''Background information''' [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has been a successful tool for editors to create content in their language. More than one million articles have been created across all languages since the tool was released in 2015. The Wikimedia Foundation Language team has improved the translation experience further with the Section Translation. The WMF Language team enabled the early version of the tool in February 2021 in Bengali Wikipedia. Through their feedback, the tool was improved and ready for your community to test and help us with feedback to make it better. [https://design.wikimedia.org/strategy/section-translation.html Section Translation] extends the capabilities of Content Translation to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device. Sundanese Wikipedia seems an ideal candidate to enjoy this new tool since data shows significant mobile editing activity. We plan to enable the tool on Sundanese Wikipedia in the coming weeks if there are no objections from your community. After it is enabled, we’ll monitor the content created with the tool and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to raise any concerns or questions you may already have in any of the following formats: <nowiki>*</nowiki> As a reply to this message <nowiki>*</nowiki> On [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]]. '''Try the tool''' Before the enablement, you can try the current implementation of the tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation our testing instance]. Once it is enabled on your Wikipedia, you’ll have access to [[:ts:Special:ContentTranslation|https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation]] with your mobile device. You can select an article to translate, and machine translation will be provided as a starting point for editors to improve. '''Provide feedback''' Please provide feedback about Section translation in any of the formats you are most comfortable with. We want to hear about your impressions on: <nowiki>*</nowiki> The tool <nowiki>*</nowiki> What you think about our plans to enable it <nowiki>*</nowiki> Your ideas for improving the tool. Thanks, and we look forward to your feedback and questions. [[Pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|sawala]]) 12 Juli 2022 01.57 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team '''PS''': Sending your feedback or questions in English is particularly appreciated. But, you can still send them in the language of your choice. ===Section Translation tool enabled in Sundanese Wikipedia=== Hello Friends! The Language team is pleased to let you know that the [https://su.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=su&sx=true#/ now enabled in Sundanese Wikipedia]. It means you can translate real content one section at a time using your mobile devices with ease. Now you can also start translating an article on your mobile device right when you notice it is missing in Sundanese. From a Wikipedia article in any language, switch languages and search for Sunda. If the article does not exist, an option to translate it will appear, as shown in the image below. [[File:Sx-language-selector-invite-th.png|thumb|center|Image of the entry point]] Content created with the tool will be marked [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husus:Catatan?type=&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=sectiontranslation&wpfilters%5B%5D=newusers with the “sectiontranslation” tag] for the community to review. We’ll monitor the content created, but we are very interested in hearing about your experience using the tool and reviewing the content created with it. So, [https://su.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation enjoy the tool] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation provide feedback] on improving it. Thank you! [[Pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|sawala]]) 10 Agustus 2022 17.47 (UTC) == The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]] Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.''' We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022. It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Top of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="A section of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === About the skin === '''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.] '''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs. '''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin. * The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%. * The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages. * The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on. * The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities. '''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins. === How can editors change and customize this skin? === It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. === Our plan === '''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Request for more time to discuss the change</span>]]</div> If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 22 Séptémber 2022 04.15 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23838600 --> == Update on Vector 2022 == [[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]]. We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one. We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 19 Oktober 2022 23.24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23955535 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually. We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas! The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows: * Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023 * Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023 * Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023 * Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023 If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023! </div> {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]</bdi> 13 Désémber 2022 12.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:STei_(WMF)/CWS_2023_List&oldid=24226232 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 24 Désémber 2022 10.24 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Baca nawala ini dalam bahasa lain]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Daftar langganan nawala multibahasa ini]]</i> Nawala kali ini memuat dua berita utama mengenai pekerjaan tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]]: # Tim Editing akan merampungkan penambahan fitur-fitur baru dalam proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|halaman pembicaraan]] dan meluncurkannya. # Kini, mereka memulai proyek baru, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Periksa perubahan]]. <strong>Proyek halaman pembicaraan</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Tangkapan layar yang memperlihatkan perubahan desain halaman pembicaraan yang saat ini tersedia sebagai fitur beta dalam semua wiki Wikimedia. Fitur-fitur ini berisi informasi mengenai jumlah pengguna dan tanggapan di dalam setiap diskusi.|thumb|300px|Perubahan-perubahan yang akan datang]] Tim Editing hampir menyelesaikan tahap pertama dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|halaman pembicaraan]] ini. Hampir semua [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|fitur baru]] sudah tersedia dalam [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Fitur Beta {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. Hal ini akan menampilkan informasi tentang seberapa aktif sebuah diskusi, termasuk tanggal komentar terbaru. Tombol "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" yang baru akan segera hadir. Anda dapat menonaktifkannya di [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Mohon [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|beri tahu pendapat Anda]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Tingkat penyelesaian suntingan harian berdasarkan kelompok uji: DiscussionTools (kelompok uji coba) dan paparan MobileFrontend (kelompok kontrol)]] Uji A/B untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} di situs seluler]] telah selesai. Para editor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|merasa lebih puas dengan {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. Tim Editing mengaktifkan fitur-fitur ini bagi semua penyunting di situs seluler. <strong>Proyek Baru: Periksa Perubahan</strong> Tim Editing sedang memulai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|sebuah proyek untuk membantu para penyunting baru di Wikipedia]]. Proyek ini akan membantu para pengguna dalam mengenali beberapa masalah sebelum mereka mengeklik "{{int:publishchanges}}". Perkakas pertama akan mendorong pengguna untuk menambahkan referensi ketika mereka menambahkan materi baru. Silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|pantau]] halaman tersebut untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut. Anda dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|bergabung dalam sebuah pertemuan virtual pada tanggal 3 Maret 2023]] untuk belajar lebih lanjut.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 22 Pébruari 2023 23.24 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=24611966 --> == Your wiki will be in read only soon == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Baca ieu surat dina séjén basa]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Yayasan Wikimédia]] nguji saklar antara puseur data primér jeung sekundér. Ieu pikeun mastikeun yén Wikipédia jeung wiki Wikimédia séjénna bisa angger onlén najan aya bencana. Pikeun mastikeun yén sakabéhna jalan, departemén Téknologi Wikimédia kudu migawé uji anu direncana. Ieu uji bakal némbongkeun bisa henteuna pindah ti hiji puseur data ka puseur data séjénna. Gawé kieu butuh loba tim pikeun nataharkeun uji sarta sayaga menerkeun lamun aya masalah anu teu dipiharep. Sakabéh patalimarga bakal hurung '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|su}}'''. Uji cobana bakal dimimitian dina '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''. Hanjakalna, kusabab kawates di [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWikina]], sakabéh gawé ngédit kudu eureun nalika pindah. Ku kituna kami ménta hampura, jaga mah muga-muga bisa leuwih hadé. '''Anjeun bakal bisa maca, tapi teu bisa ngaropéa/ngédit, sakur wiki dina waktu éta.''' *Anjeun moal bisa ngédit nepi ka sajam dina poé {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|su}}. *Lamun nyoba ngédit dina mangsa éta, anjeun bakal manggih iber éror. Muga-muga moal aya éditan nu leungit dina menit-menit ieu, tapi taya jaminan. Lamun anjeun manggihan iber éror, tungguan nepi ka normal deui. Salajengna, anjeun bisa nyimpen éditan anjeun. Ngan, anjeun leuwih hadé nyimpen tironanana, pikeun jaga-jaga. ''Pangaruh lianna'': *Hanca di pipir bakal rada kapendet. Tutumbu beureum bisa teu kaanyarkeun sakumaha biasa. Lamun anjeun nyieun artikel anu geus numbu, tutumbuna bakal angger beureum leuwih lila ti biasana. Sababaraha skrip anu ngayayay bakal dieureunan. * Rencanana pamedalan kode bakal lumangsung sakumaha minggu lianna. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.</span> Ieu proyék bisa ditunda lamun perlu. Anjeun bisa [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|maca jadwalna di wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Sagala parobahan bakal diwawarkeun dina jadwal. Bakal aya iber lianna ngeunaan ieu. Bakal aya spanduk midang di sakabéh wiki 30 menit méméh mitembeyan oprasi. '''Mangga salabarkeun ieu iber ka komunitas anjeun.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 27 Pébruari 2023 21.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimania 2023 Membuka Pendaftaran Program</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimedia_Singapore_Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Apakah Anda ingin menyelenggarakan sesi tatap muka atau maya di Wikimania 2023? Misalnya lokakarya praktis, diskusi yang meriah, pertunjukan seru, poster menarik, atau perbincangan ringan yang berkesan? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Pendaftaran dibuka hingga 28 Maret''']]. Acara ini akan memiliki beberapa blok khusus untuk sesi hibrida sehingga pengajuan program daring dan rekaman konten juga diterima. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan, silakan hadir dalam perbincangan pada tanggal 12 atau 19 Maret, atau hubungi kami melalui alamat surel wikimania@wikimedia.org atau di Telegram. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di halaman wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 26 April 2023 19.00 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == Global ban proposal for Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. If this is not the proper place to post, please move it somewhere more appropriate. {{int:Please-translate}} There is an on-going discussion about a proposal that Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY be globally banned from editing all Wikimedia projects. You are invited to participate at [[:m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark|Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark]] on Meta-Wiki. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:Unite together|U.T.]] ([[User talk:Unite together|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 4 Méi 2023 12.36 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:1234qwer1234qwer4@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Requests_for_comment/Global_ban_for_Piermark/Invitations/AN2&oldid=24980083 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 27 Méi 2023 04.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == Pangumuman anggota kiwari == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|Aranjeun tiasa mendakeun terjemahan ieu ka mokaha basa]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Sampurasun Wilujeung bungah, dina ieu email, urang sarerea bungah ngumumkeun [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|anggota Panitia Pamilihan anyar sareng panaséhat]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Panitia Pamilihan]] ngarancang jeung ngalaksanakeun prosés pikeun milih pangawas Organisasi Komunitas jeung Mitra salaku bagian ti Badan Pengawasan Yayasan Wikimedia. Sanggeus ngaliwatan prosés nominasi kabuka, calon calon diwawancara ku Dewan. Opat calon diondang pikeun ngagabung jadi anggota Panitia Seleksi. Opat calon séjén diondang pikeun gabung salaku panaséhat. Hatur nuhun ka anggota komunitas anu nyalonkeun diri. Sarerea siap neruskeun pidamelan sareng Panitia Pemilihan. Ngawakilkeun Déwan Pembina Yayasan Wikimedia,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 28 Juni 2023 18.00 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == MinT Machine Translation added to your Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) system for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation Content Translation] in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT MinT machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content and Section Translation tool. The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_machine_translation neural machine translation] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200], [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT], [https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/indic-trans2 IndicTrans2] and [https://github.com/Softcatala/nmt-models Softcatalà]. This MT is set as optional in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting "Start with empty paragraph" from the "Initial Translation" dropdown menu. Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT machine translation and the models on [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content%20translation/Machine%20Translation/MinT this page]. Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to: *use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service *[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation provide feedback] about its quality, and '''if you prefer the MinT machine translation as default in your Wikipedia'''. We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content Translation tool. Thank you! </div> [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|obrolan]]) 4 Juli 2023 22.02 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team. <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_MinT_announcement_list_2&oldid=25258883 --> == Deploying the Phonos in-line audio player to your Wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies if this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. This wiki will soon be able to use the [[mw:Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player]] implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. This is part of fulfilling a wishlist proposal of providing [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Multimedia_and_Commons/Audio_links_that_play_on_click|audio links that play on click]]. With the inline audio player, you can add text-to-speech audio snippets to wiki pages by simply using a tag: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="audio file" label="Listen"/> </syntaxhighlight> The above tag will show the text next to a speaker icon, and clicking on it will play the audio instantly without taking you to another page. A common example where you can use this feature is in adding pronunciation to words as illustrated on the [[wiktionary:en:English#Pronunciation|English Wiktionary]] below. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{audio|en|En-uk-English.oga|Audio (UK)}} </syntaxhighlight> Could become: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="En-uk-English.oga" label="Audio (UK)"/> </syntaxhighlight> The inline audio player will be available in your wiki in 2 weeks time; in the meantime, we would like you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos|read about the features]] and give us feedback or ask questions about it in this [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:Phonos|talk page]]. Thank you!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], on behalf of the Foundation's Language team</bdi> </div> 27 Juli 2023 02.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_announcement_list_(In-line_audio_player)&oldid=25350821 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 28 Agustus 2023 15.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">== Pembukaan perekrutan anggota Komite Afiliasi, Komisi Ombuds, dan Komite Peninjauan Kasus ==</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''Anda dapat menemukan pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Halo semua! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Komite Afiliasi]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Komisi Ombuds]] (OC), dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Komite Peninjauan Kasus]] (CRC) sedang mencari anggota baru. Komite-komite sukarelawan ini bertugas untuk memberikan dukungan struktural dan pengawasan yang penting bagi komunitas dan gerakan Wikimedia. Anda diundang untuk mencalonkan diri atau mencalonkan orang lain yang menurut Anda akan dapat berkontribusi pada kelompok-kelompok ini untuk mendaftar. Ada lebih banyak informasi tentang peran kelompok, keterampilan yang dibutuhkan, dan kesempatan untuk mendaftar pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''halaman Meta-wiki''']]. Atas nama tim ''Committee Support'',<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 9 Oktober 2023 16.41 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == Ulasan jeung kamandang ngeunaan pakét aturan pamilihan Déwan Pangawas Yayasan Wikimédia 2024 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| Anjeun bisa maca tarjamah ieu béwara dina basa lianna di Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Haturan ka sadayana, Mangga ngulas jeung mairan dina pakét aturan pamilihan Déwan Pangawas Yayasan Wikimédia ti ayeuna nepi ka 29 Oktober 2023. Pakét aturan pamilihan nuturkeun pérsi saméméhna dina Panitia Pamilihan sarta bakal dipaké dina pamilihan Déwan Pangawas 2024. Kamandang anjeun dipikabutuh sangkan prosés pamilihan Déwan lungsur-langsar. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|Leuwih lengkepna dina kaca Meta-wiki]]. Tabé, Katie Chan <br> Pupuhu Panitia Pamilihan<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> 17 Oktober 2023 01.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 15 Nopémber 2023 13.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 13 Désémber 2023 12.31 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite2&oldid=26055343 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Januari 2024 07.26 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Januari 2024 07.26 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Pemungutan Suara untuk Piagam Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|Anda bisa membaca pengumuman berikut dalam bahasa lain di situs Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Saya ingin memberitahukan kepada Anda bahwa tahap pemungutan suara untuk Piagam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) telah resmi dibuka. Semua anggota komunitas bisa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|memberikan suara dan mengirimkan komentar tentang piagam ini melalui SecurePoll]] dari sekarang hingga tanggal '''2 Februari 2024'''. Bagi Anda yang pernah mengikuti proses pemungutan suara selama proses pengembangan [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Pedoman Penegakan UCoC]] akan menemukan kemiripan proses pemungutan untuk kali ini. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Versi terkini Piagam U4C]] dan juga terjemahannya sudah tersedia di halaman Meta-Wiki Baca informasi tentang piagam, pilih, dan bagikan pengumuman ini ke kawan-kawan komunitas Anda. Saya ingin menginformasikan bahwa Panitia Persiapan U4C juga mengharapkan keikutsertaan Anda. Atas nama tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 19 Januari 2024 18.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hari terakhir untuk memberikan suara pada Piagam Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|Anda bisa membaca pengumuman berikut dalam bahasa lain di situs Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Saya ingin mengingatkan kepada Anda bahwa tahap pemungutan suara untuk Piagam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) akan segera ditutup pada '''2 Februari 2024'''. Semua anggota komunitas dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|memberikan suara dan mengirimkan komentar tentang piagam ini melalui SecurePoll]]. Bagi Anda yang pernah mengikuti proses pemungutan suara selama proses pengembangan [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Pedoman Penegakan UCoC]] akan menemukan kemiripan proses pemungutan untuk kali ini. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Versi terkini Piagam U4C]] dan juga terjemahannya sudah tersedia di halaman Meta-Wiki Baca informasi tentang piagam, pilih, dan bagikan pengumuman ini ke kawan-kawan komunitas Anda. Saya ingin menginformasikan bahwa Panitia Persiapan U4C juga mengharapkan keikutsertaan Anda. Atas nama tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 31 Januari 2024 17.00 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hasil pemungutan suara ratifikasi Piagam Komite Pengarah UCoC</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|Anda dapat menemukan pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semuanya, Terima kasih atas atensi Anda terhadap perkembangan proses Kode Etik Universal. Bersama pesan ini, saya mengabarkan hasil [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|pemungutan suara ratifikasi]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]]. 1746 kontributor memberikan suara mereka pada pemungutan suara kali ini; 1249 orang mendukung pemberlakuan Piagam sementara 420 menolak. Pada proses ratifikasi ini, para pemilih dapat memberikan komentar mereka tentang isi Piagam. Laporan statistik pemungutan suara dan ringkasan komentar dari seluruh pemilih akan diterbitkan di Meta dalam beberapa pekan ke depan. Anda dapat mendengar lebih lanjut mengenai langkah selanjutnya dalam proses ini segera. Atas nama tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 12 Pébruari 2024 18.24 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Laporan pengesahan Piagam U4C dan Pembukaan Pendaftaran Calon U4C kini tersedia</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| Anda dapat menemukan pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Saya menulis pesan ini kepada Anda hari ini dengan dua informasi penting. Pertama, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] kini telah tersedia. Kedua, pendaftaran calon U4C telah dibuka hingga tanggal 1 April 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) merupakan sebuah komunitas global yang berdedikasi untuk memastikan penerapan UCoC yang adil dan konsisten. Para anggota komunitas diundang untuk mengajukan lamarannya untuk menjadi bagian dari U4C. Untuk informasi lengkap dan tanggung jawab dari U4C, silakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Berdasarkan piagam, terdapat 16 kursi untuk posisi U4C yang terdiri atas: delapan kursi dari komunitas umum dan delapan kursi dari komunitas berbasis wilayah untuk memastikan bahwa U4C mewakili keberagaman gerakan. Baca lebih lanjut dan kirimkan lamaran Anda di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Kode Etik Universal/Komite Pengarah/Pemilihan/2024|Meta-wiki]]. Atas nama tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 5 Maret 2024 16.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2024</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| Anda bisa membaca terjemahan pesan ini ke bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Halo semua, Tahun ini, periode 4 (empat) tahun jabatan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia untuk kursi perwakilan Komunitas dan Mitra Lokal akan berakhir. [1] Dewan Pengawas mengundang seluruh anggota Gerakan untuk ikut serta dalam proses pemilihan tahun ini serta memberikan suaranya supaya jabatan yang kosong bisa terisi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Komite Pemilihan]] akan mengawasi proses pemilihan dengan dukungan dari staf Yayasan Wikimedia. [2] Komite Tata Kelola Dewan telah membuat Kelompok Kerja Pemilihan Dewan Pengawas yang terdiri atas anggota-anggota Dewan Pengawas yang tidak bisa mencalonkan diri pada proses pemilihan Dewan Pengawas yang dipilih oleh komunitas dan mitra lokal tahun 2024. Kelompok kerja tersebut terdiri dari Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, dan Shani Evenstein Sigalov. [3] Mereka bertugas untuk mengawasi proses pemilihan 2024 serta memberikan informasi kepada Dewan Pengawas. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang peran Komite Pemilihan, Dewan Pengawas, dan staf, silakan kunjungi pranala pada catatan kaki di bawah ini. [4] Berikut merupakan garis waktu proses pemilihan yang direncanakan: * Mei 2024: Undangan pencalonan dan pengajuan pertanyaan * Juni 2024: Mitra lokal memberikan suara untuk memilih 12 calon teratas Dewan Pengawas (proses pengerucutan calon tidak akan dilakukan jika hanya ada 15 calon atau kurang) [5] * Juni--Agustus 2024: Kampanye * Akhir Agustus/awal September 2024: tahap pemungutan suara komunitas selama dua minggu * Oktober--November 2024: Pemeriksaan latar belakang dari calon terpilih * Rapat Dewan Pengawas pada bulan Desember 2024: anggota Dewan Pengawas baru ditetapkan Silakan pelajari proses pemilihan 2024 lebih mendalam, termasuk rincian lini masa, proses pencalonan, peraturan kampanye, dan syarat kelayakan pemilih pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|halaman Meta-Wiki]] dan rencanakan keikutsertaan Anda. '''Sukarelawan Pemilihan''' Cara lain untuk terlibat dalam proses pemilihan 2024 yaitu dengan menjadi Sukarelawan Pemilihan. Sukarelawan Pemilihan akan menjembatani komunikasi antara Komite Pemilihan dan komunitas terkait. Mereka akan membantu untuk memastikan agar komunitas mereka terwakili dan mengajak anggota komunitas untuk ikut serta memberikan suaranya. Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang program ini dan cara bergabung melalui halaman [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta Wiki]]. Salam hangat, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Ketua Komite Tata Kelola, Kelompok Kerja Pemilihan Dewan Pengawas) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Walaupun jumlah ideal sebanyak 12 calon untuk memperebutkan 4 kursi, proses pengerucutan calon akan dilakukan jika ada lebih dari 15 calon. Sebab, jika hanya 1-3 calon yang dihapus maka akan menimbulkan rasa peliyanan serta memberikan beban kerja bagi organisasi afiliasi dalam proses proses pengerucutan calon karena hanya untuk mengurangi 1-3 calon supaya bisa mendapatkan 12 calon teratas.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]12 Maret 2024 19.57 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Berikan suara Anda dalam pemilihan anggota U4C yang pertama</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|Anda dapat menemukan pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Saya ingin menginformasikan bahwa masa pemilihan untuk Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal (U4C) telah dibuka saat ini sampai tanggal 9 Mei 2024. Silakan baca informasi pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|halaman pemilihan di Meta Wiki]] untuk mempelajari tentang pemilihan ini serta syarat kelayakan pemilih. Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal (U4C) merupakan sebuah komite global yang berdedikasi untuk memastikan penerapan UCoC yang adil dan konsisten. Para anggota komunitas Wikimedia diundang untuk mengajukan pencalonan dan menjadi bagian dari U4C. Untuk informasi lengkap dan tanggung jawab dari U4C, silakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|tinjau Piagam U4C]]. Mohon bagikan pesan ini kepada anggota komunitas Anda, sehingga mereka juga dapat ikut serta dalam pemilihan kali ini. Atas nama tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 25 April 2024 20.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Méi 2024 21.22 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Komentar anu diondang dina Prosedur pikeun Siklus Kahirupan Proyék Sadulur == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|Aranjeun tiasa mendakeun terjemahan ieu ka mokaha basa]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Anggota wenang masarakat <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> On behalf of the CAC, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22 Méi 2024 02.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Mengumumkan Komite Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal pertama</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|Pesan ini telah diterjemahkan ke berbagai bahasa di Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo, Tim pengawas telah selesai meninjau hasil pemungutan suara. Kami sedang menindaklanjuti hasil pemilihan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Komite Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal (U4C)]] yang pertama. Melalui pengumuman ini, kami dengan bangga menyampaikan nama-nama berikut ini sebagai anggota regional U4C, dan akan bertugas selama dua tahun: * Amerika Utara (Amerika Serikat dan Kanada) ** – * Eropa Utara dan Eropa Barat ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Amerika Latin dan Kepulauan Karibia ** – * Eropa Tengah dan Eropa Timur (CEE) ** — * Afrika Sub-Sahara ** – * Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * Asia Timur, Asia Tenggara, dan Pasifik (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * Asia Selatan ** – Para individu berikut ini telah terpilih sebagai anggota U4C untuk masa tugas satu tahun: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Kepada semua orang yang telah berpartisipasi dalam proses ini, kami ucapkan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada para kandidat atas segala kontribusi dan dedikasi Anda kepada gerakan dan komunitas Wikimedia. Selanjutnya, U4C akan segera mengadakan pertemuan dan menyusun agenda untuk tahun 2024-25, tepatnya dalam empat minggu ke depan, guna menyukseskan pelaksanaan dan peninjauan ulang UCoC dan Pedoman Penegakan. Pantau kegiatan mereka di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. Mewakili tim proyek UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 3 Juni 2024 08.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Naskah akhir Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia sudah tersedia di Meta.</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|Anda dapat membaca pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di situs Meta.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Naskah akhir [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia]] sudah tersedia dalam 20 bahasa dan Anda bisa membacanya di Meta. '''Apa itu Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia?''' Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia merupakan dokumen yang diajukan untuk menjabarkan peran dan tanggung jawab untuk seluruh anggota dan entitas yang ada di Gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pendirian badan baru untuk tata kelola gerakan yang disebut Dewan Global. '''Mari bergabung ke dalam "Acara Peluncuran" Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia''' Silakan bergabung ke dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|"Acara Peluncuran"]] pada pukul '''14.00=15.00 UTC'' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 waktu setempat Anda]), tanggal '''20 Juni 2024'''. Selama acara ini, kami akan merayakan peluncuran versi akhir Piagam ini serta menjelaskan isi yang terkandung di dalamnya. Mari bergabung dan pelajari Piagam ini sebelum Anda memberikan suara Anda. '''Pemungutan suara ratifikasi Piagam Gerakan''' Pemungutan Suara akan dimulai pada pukul '''00:01 UTC''', '''25 Juni 2024''' dan akan berakhir pada pukul '''23:59 UTC''', '''9 Juli 2024''' melalui SecurePoll. Silakan baca informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|proses pemungutan suara, syarat kelayakan, dan juga hal lainnya]] pada halaman Meta. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan, silakan ajukan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|halaman pembicaraan di Meta]] atau kirimkan surel ke tim Komite Perumus Piagam Gerakan (MCDC) melalui [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. Atas nama Komite Perumus Piagam Gerakan,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 11 Juni 2024 08.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Pemungutan suara untuk ratifikasi Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia sekarang sudah dibuka. Mari, berikan suara Anda!</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|Anda dapat membaca pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di situs Meta.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Saat ini, pemungutan suara untuk ratifikasi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia''']] sudah dibuka. Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia merupakan dokumen untuk menjabarkan peran dan tanggung jawab untuk seluruh anggota dan entitas yang ada di Gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pendirian badan baru untuk tata kelola gerakan yang disebut Dewan Global. Versi akhir Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia juga tersedia dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|berbagai bahasa di Meta]]. Anda juga bisa membacanya dalam [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf versi PDF]. Pemungutan suara dimulai pada pukul '''00:01 UTC''', '''25 Juni 2024''' dan akan berakhir pada pukul '''23:59 UTC''', '''9 Juli 2024''' melalui SecurePoll. Silakan baca informasi lebih lanjut tentang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|informasi pemilih dan syarat kelayakan]]. Setelah membaca Piagam ini, silakan [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''berikan suara Anda di sini''']] dan sebarkan informasi ini ke orang lain. Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan tentang proses pemungutan suara, silakan hubungi Panitia Pemungutan Suara untuk Piagam Gerakan (CEC) melalui [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. Atas nama CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 25 Juni 2024 10.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Pemungutan suara untuk ratifikasi Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia akan segera berakhir</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|Anda dapat membaca pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di situs Meta.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Pesan ini merupakan pengingat bahwa masa pemungutan suara untuk ratifikasi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia]] akan ditutup pada pukul '''23:59 UTC, 9 Juli 2024'''. Jika Anda belum memberikan suara, mohon lakukan segera melalui [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|SecurePoll]]. Atas nama [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Panitia Pemungutan Suara untuk Piagam Gerakan]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 8 Juli 2024 03.46 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 10 Juli 2024 00.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hasil ratifikasi Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|Anda dapat menemukan pesan ini dalam bahasa lain di Meta-Wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Menyusul proses penghitungan suara individu dan organisasi mitra lokal Wikimedia, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Panitia Pemungutan Suara]] dengan ini mengumumkan hasil pemungutan suara ratifikasi Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia. Sebagaimana yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|telah diumumkan]] oleh Panitia sebelumnya, pemungutan suara ini mencapai kuorum sah untuk proses pemungutan suara individu maupun organisasi mitra lokal pada saat ditutup pada tanggal '''9 Juli''' pukul '''23:59 UTC'''. Kami mengucapkan terima kasih sebesar-besarnya kepada 2.451 pemilih individu dan 129 perwakilan organisasi mitra lokal Wikimedia yang telah memberikan suaranya. Suara dan komentar Anda amat berharga untuk menentukan masa depan Strategi Gerakan. Hasil akhir dari pemungutan suara ratifikasi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia]] yang diselenggarakan antara tanggal 25 Juni hingga 9 Juli 2024 adalah sebagai berikut: '''Pemungutan suara individu:''' Dari 2.451 suara yang diterima sebelum pukul 23:59 UTC tanggal 9 Juli, 2.446 suara dinyatakan sah. Tercatat '''1.710''' suara "ya"; '''623''' suara "tidak"; dan '''113''' suara memilih "-" (netral). Oleh karena suara netral tidak dihitung, 73.30% pemilih memberikan suara untuk mendukung ratifikasi Piagam (1710/2333), sedangkan 26.70% memilih untuk menolak ratifikasi piagam (623/2333). '''Pemungutan suara organisasi mitra lokal:''' Dari 129 perwakilan organisasi mitra lokal yang memberikan suara sebelum pukul 23:59 UTC tanggal 9 Juli, 129 suara dinyatakan sah. Tercatat '''93''' suara "ya"; '''18''' suara "tidak"; dan '''18''' suara memilih "-" (netral). Oleh karena suara netral tidak dihitung, 83.78% organisasi mitra lokal memberikan suara untuk mendukung ratifikasi Piagam (93/111), sedangkan 16.22% memilih untuk menolak ratifikasi Piagam (18/111). '''Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia:''' Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia telah memutuskan untuk '''tidak meratifikasi''' Piagam Gerakan pada rapat khusus tanggal 8 Juli 2024. Ketua Dewan Pengawas Nataliia Tymkiv [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|membagikan hasil, resolusi dan catatan rapat tersebut]], beserta langkah selanjutnya yang akan diambil. Dengan ini, naskah Piagam Gerakan Wikimedia dalam bentuk saat ini '''tidak berhasil diratifikasi'''. Kami mengucapkan terima kasih atas partisipasi Anda dalam momen yang penting ini dalam riwayat tata kelola gerakan Wikimedia. Panitia Pemungutan Suara untuk Piagam Gerakan, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Juli 2024 17.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 27 Juli 2024 02.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 6 Agustus 2024 15.31 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == Badé sumping: Fitur sub-rujukan énggal - cobian! == <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]].</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Please help us spread the message.</span> --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 22 Agustus 2024 23.19 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 2 Séptémber 2024 14.06 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berikan suara Anda: Ikuti pemilihan Dewan Pengawas 2024!</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Halo semua, Masa pemungutan suara untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|pemilihan Dewan Pengawas 2024]] sekarang sudah dimulai. Saat ini ada dua belas (12) calon yang akan memperebutkan empat (4) kursi Dewan Pengawas. Silakan pelajari [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|pernyataan para calon]] dan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|jawaban mereka untuk pertanyaan komunitas]]. Kalau sudah siap, silakan berikan suara Anda melalui [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]]. '''Pemungutan suara akan dimulai dari pukul 00:00 UTC, 3 September hingga 23:59 UTC, 17 September 2024. Jangan lupa, periksa kelayakan Anda melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|halaman kelayakan pemilih]]. Salam hangat, Komite Pemilihan dan Kelompok Kerja Pemilihan Dewan<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 3 Séptémber 2024 12.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 27 Séptémber 2024 18.57 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Hasil awal pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2024</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Halo semua, Terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah ikut serta dalam proses [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2024]]. Hampir 6000 anggota komunitas dari 180 proyek wiki sudah ikut serta dalam pemilihan kali ini. Empat calon berikut mendapatkan jumlah suara tertinggi: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] Walaupun data di atas diurutkan berdasarkan hasil pemilihan, tetapi para calon tetap harus diangkat oleh Dewan Pengawas. Mereka perlu lolos dari proses pengecekan latar belakang dan juga memenuhi persyaratan yang dijabarkan dalam Anggaran Rumah Tangga. Dewan Pengawas yang baru akan diangkat saat rapat dewan pada bulan Desember 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Silakan baca hasil lengkap pemilihan kali ini melalui situs Meta-Wiki.]] Salam hangat, Komite Pemilihan dan Kelompok Kerja Pemilihan Dewan <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 14 Oktober 2024 08.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16 Oktober 2024 23.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 22 Oktober 2024 11.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 21 Nopémber 2024 19.54 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Sundanese Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Sundanese Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Sundanese Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[Gambar:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[Gambar:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 10th December 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:UOzurumba (WMF)|sawala]]) 28 Nopémber 2024 04.17 (UTC) == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 24 Januari 2025 01.11 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 29 Januari 2025 02.36 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 29 Januari 2025 02.36 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 3 Pébruari 2025 00.49 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr"> Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa (28 Februari, 14.00 UTC) dan Nawala Mendatang</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Halo, semuanya! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=Sebuah gambar yang menggambarkan berbagai bahasa]] Kami gembira mengumumkan bahwa '''Pertemuan Komunitas Bahasa''' mendatang akan diselenggarakan pada '''28 Februari pukul 14.00 UTC'''! Jika ingin bergabung, cukup mendaftar '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|di halaman wiki]]'''. Ini merupakan pertemuan yang berbasis peserta tempat kita berbagi informasi terbaru mengenai proyek-proyek yang berhubungan dengan bahasa, mendiskusikan tantangan teknis dalam wiki yang berhubungan dengan bahasa, dan bekerja sama dalam mencari solusi. Pada pertemuan terakhir yang lalu, kami membahas topik-topik seperti pengembangan papan ketik bahasa, pembuatan Wikipedia Moore, dan berita terbaru dari jalur dukungan bahasa di Wiki Indaba. '''Ada topik yang ingin disampaikan?''' Baik itu kabar terbaru teknis dari proyek Anda, tantangan yang perlu dibantu, atau permintaan bantuan penjurubahasaan, kami ingin mendengarnya dari Anda! Jangan ragu untuk '''menanggapi pesan ini''' atau menambahkan topik ke dalam dokumen '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|di sini]]'''. Kami juga ingin menyampaikan bahwa nawala Bahasa & Internasionalisasi edisi keenam (Januari 2025) tersedia di sini: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. Nawala ini menyajikan informasi terbaru dari kuartal Oktober–Desember 2024 tentang pengembangan fitur baru, peningkatan berbagai proyek teknis terkait bahasa dan upaya dukungan, informasi mengenai pertemuan komunitas, dan ide untuk berkontribusi ke dalam proyek tersebut. Untuk mendapatkan informasi terbaru, Anda dapat berlangganan nawalanya di halaman wiki: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. Sampai jumpa di pertemuan komunitas bahasa berikutnya. Kami tunggu ide dan partisipasi Anda! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22 Pébruari 2025 08.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 7 Maret 2025 18.51 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 13 Maret 2025 02.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 4 April 2025 02.04 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16 April 2025 16.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Hide on Rosé@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17 April 2025 00.34 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 28 April 2025 15.03 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 29 April 2025 03.41 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Panggero pikeun Calon pikeun Komité Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal (U4C) == <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div> </div><section end="announcement-content" /> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|obrolan]])</bdi> 15 Méi 2025 22.07 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 22 Méi 2025 15.27 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025 & Pengajuan Pertanyaan</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Halo semua, Tahun ini, periode 2 (dua) tahun jabatan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia untuk kursi perwakilan Komunitas dan Organisasi Afiliasi akan segera berakhir. [1] Dewan Pengawas mengundang seluruh anggota Gerakan Wikimedia untuk ikut serta dalam proses pemilihan tahun ini serta memberikan suara mereka supaya jabatan yang kosong bisa segera terisi. Komite Pemilihan akan mengawasi tahapan pemilihan ini dengan dukungan dari pegawai Yayasan Wikimedia. [2] Komite Tata Kelola Dewan, terdiri atas para anggota Dewan Pengawas yang tidak menjadi calon dalam tahapan pemilihan Dewan Pengawas untuk kursi perwakilan komunitas dan organisasi afiliasi tahun 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina dan Esra’a Al Shafei), [3] akan bertugas untuk melaksanakan fungsi pengawasan bagi Dewan Pengawas di dalam tahapan pemilihan 2025 ini serta senantiasa menginformasikan perkembangan terbaru kepada Dewan Pengawas. Silakan kunjungi pranala yang tersedia pada catatan kaki di bawah ini untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai peran dari Komite Pemilihan, Dewan Pengawas, dan pegawai Wikimedia. [4] Berikut merupakan tanggal-tanggal penting untuk tahapan pemilihan tahun ini: * 22 Mei–5 Juni 2025: Pengumuman (informasi yang sedang Anda baca ini) dan masa pengajuan pertanyaan [6] * 17 Juni–1 Juli 2025: Pengajuan calon17 Juni–1 Juli 2025: Pengajuan calon * Juli 2025: Jika diperlukan, organisasi afiliasi akan memilih calon Dewan Pengawas yang akan dimasukkan ke tahapan pemilihan berikutnya, apabila terdapat 10 atau lebih calon yang mendaftar [5] * Agustus 2025: Masa kampanye * Agustus–September 2025: Masa pemungutan suara komunitas yang akan berlangsung selama dua minggu * Oktober–November 2025: Pemeriksaan latar belakang dari calon terpilih * Rapat Dewan Pengawas pada bulan Desember 2025: Penetapan anggota Dewan Pengawas terbaru Silakan pelajari proses pemilihan 2025 lebih mendalam, termasuk rincian lini masa, proses pencalonan, peraturan kampanye, dan syarat kelayakan pemilih dengan mengakses [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|pranala halaman Meta-Wiki ini]]. '''Pengajuan Pertanyaan''' Dalam proses pemilihan ini, anggota komunitas berkesempatan untuk mengajukan pertanyaan yang akan dijawab oleh para calon Dewan Pengawas. Komite Pemilihan akan memilih pertanyaan dari daftar yang telah diajukan oleh anggota komunitas sebelumnya, dan kemudian, para calon akan menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Para calon harus menjawab semua pertanyaan wajib yang tercantum dalam formulir pencalonan agar dapat dianggap telah memenuhi syarat. Jika tidak, pencalonan tersebut akan dianggap batal. Pada tahun ini, Komite Pemilihan akan memilih 5 pertanyaan untuk dijawab oleh para calon. Pertanyaan terpilih mungkin merupakan hasil perpaduan dari daftar pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh komunitas, jika ternyata pertanyaan tersebut mirip atau berkaitan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Sukarelawan Pemilihan''' Cara lain untuk terlibat dalam proses pemilihan 2025 yaitu dengan menjadi Sukarelawan Pemilihan. Sukarelawan Pemilihan akan menjembatani hubungan antara Komite Pemilihan dan komunitas masing-masing. Mereka akan membantu memastikan agar komunitas mereka terwakili dan mengajak anggota komunitas untuk ikut serta memberikan suaranya. Silakan pelajari lebih lanjut tentang program ini dan cara bergabung melalui dengan mengakses [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|pranala halaman Meta Wiki]]. Terima kasih banyak! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Salam hangat, Victoria Doronina Narahubung Dewan Pengawas untuk Komite Pemilihan Komite Tata Kelola Dewan<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 28 Méi 2025 03.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 13 Juni 2025 23.01 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025 - Pengajuan Calon</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Halo semua, Saat ini, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|tahap pengajuan calon untuk pemilihan Dewan Pengawas Yayasan Wikimedia 2025]] telah dibuka. Tahap ini akan berlangsung dari tanggal 17 Juni 2025 sampai pukul 11:59 UTC, 2 Juli 2025.[1] Dewan Pengawas bertugas untuk mengawasi pekerjaan Yayasan Wikimedia dan masing-masing Pengawas bertugas selama tiga tahun masa jabatan.[2] Jabatan ini bersifat sukarela. Tahun ini, komunitas Wikimedia akan menghadapi pemilihan yang akan dilangsungkan dari akhir Agustus hingga September 2025. Pemilihan ini bertujuan untuk mengisi dua (2) kursi kosong di Dewan Pengawas, Yayasan Wikimedia. Apakah Anda calon yang kami cari atau Anda tahu orang yang kira-kira cocok untuk dicalonkan sebagai Dewan Pengawas, Yayasan Wikimedia?[3] Silakan baca lebih lanjut [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|di halaman Meta-Wiki]] untuk mengetahui hal apa saja yang diperlukan untuk dapat menjabat sebagai Dewan Pengawas, cara mengajukan pencalonan diri atau mengajak orang lain untuk maju dalam pemilihan tahun ini. Salam hangat, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Ketua Komite Pemilihan Atas nama Komite Pemilihan dan Komite Tata Kelola Dewan [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 17 Juni 2025 17.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 27 Juni 2025 20.57 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Akun sementara akan diaktifkan segera</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Halo, kami dari tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product and Safety]] Wikimedia Foundation ingin mengumumkan bahwa fitur '''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] rencananya akan diaktifkan di wiki ini pada 1 September'''. Fitur ini sudah diaktifkan di 30 wiki, termasuk beberapa di antaranya adalah Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, Jepang, Prancis, dan Indonesia. Ini berguna untuk kontributor yang tidak memiliki akun dan/atau masuk log dalam melindungi privasinya. Selain itu, fitur ini juga bermanfaat bagi kontributor yang melakukan patroli maupun pengurus, sebagai bagian dari menjaga wiki senantiasa aman dan tetap akurat. '''Mengapa kami membuat fitur ini?''' Sudah sepatutnya proyek Wikimedia menjadi tempat yang aman bagi semua kontributor, termasuk mereka yang memilih untuk tidak masuk log (pengguna anonim). Fitur Akun Sementara mengizinkan pengguna anonim untuk bisa berkontribusi tanpa harus menunjukkan alamat IP mereka secara publik. Selain itu, perangkat lunak moderasi kami sangat bergantung pada jaringan yang digunakan (dalam hal ini adalah alamat IP) untuk mendeteksi perilaku vandal maupun penggunaan akun siluman secara tidak bertanggung jawab. Permasalahannya, tidak jarang satu/beberapa alamat IP yang digunakan oleh pelaku vandal juga berbarengan dengan pengguna berniat baik. Alhasil, kontributor berniat baik tersebut bisa saja enggan untuk menyunting kembali karena diblokir dan dianggap sama dengan pelaku vandal tersebut. Melalui Akun Sementara, kami harapkan hal seperti ini dapat diminimalkan. Untuk cara kerja dari fitur ini dapat dilihat di bawah. '''Bagaimana fitur ini bekerja?''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Siapa saja yang menyunting secara anonim di wiki, sebuah kuki (cookie) akan disimpan ke dalam peramban web pengguna anonim tersebut. Kemudian, akun sementara yang terhubung dengan kuki tersebut akan dibuat secara otomatis. Nama akun pengguna tersebut akan mengikuti format sebagai berikut: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (tanda tilda, tahun sekarang, dan angka). Format tersebut yang akan tampil di halaman perubahan terbaru, alih-alih alamat IP seperti sebelumnya. Kuki akan disimpan selama 90 hari sejak pembuatan. Selama kuki tersebut masih tersimpan, maka nama tersebutlah yang akan digunakan dan akan tetap sama apapun koneksi internet (alamat IP) yang dipakai. Catatan log terkait alamat IP dari akun tersebut akan disimpan selama 90 hari setelah penyuntingan terakhir. Namun, hanya beberapa pengguna terdaftar yang dapat melihat alamat IP tersebut. '''Apa artinya ini bagi kontributor?''' '''Bagi pengguna anonim (tidak masuk log)''' * Meningkatkan privasi atau keamanan. Pada saat ini, ketika Anda memilih untuk tidak masuk log, maka alamat IP Anda akan tampil secara publik. Hal seperti ini tidak akan terjadi lagi nantinya. * Apabila Anda menggunakan akun sementara untuk menyunting di lokasi yang berbeda selama 90 hari terakhir, maka riwayat suntingan dan alamat IP dari lokasi tersebut akan tersimpan di dalam akun sementara. Pengguna terdaftar yang [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|memenuhi kriteria]] dapat melihat data tersebut. Jika hal ini membuat Anda terancam, silakan hubungi surel talktohumanrights@wikimedia.org untuk bantuan. '''Bagi kontributor yang berinteraksi dengan pengguna anonim''' * Akun sementara secara unik hanya terhubung ke satu perangkat. Jika dibandingkan dengan alamat IP, maka satu alamat IP bisa saja digunakan lebih banyak orang maupun perangkat pada saat yang bersamaan. * Akan jauh lebih mudah untuk berasumsi bahwa satu akun sementara hanya berlaku untuk satu orang. Jika dibandingkan dengan alamat IP, maka sulit untuk memprediksi apakah itu orang yang sama atau bukan. '''Bagi kontributor yang menggunakan alamat IP untuk patroli''' * '''Untuk kontributor yang rutin melakukan patroli''' dalam mencari pelaku vandal, melakukan investigasi pelanggaran kebijakan dan pedoman, dsb: kontributor yang [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|memenuhi kriteria]] dapat melihat alamat IP dari akun sementara maupun seluruh kontribusi yang dibuat oleh akun sementara dari alamat IP secara spesifik/rentang tertentu ([[Special:IPContributions]]). Mereka juga akan memiliki akses ke informasi bermanfaat tentang alamat IP berkat fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|Info IP]]. Selain itu, fitur yang sudah tersedia seperti filter penyalahgunaan, blokir global, kontribusi global, dsb. akan disesuaikan agar dapat bekerja dengan fitur Akun Sementara. * '''Untuk pengurus yang memblokir alamat IP:''' ** Sangat memungkinkan untuk mencegah beberapa orang dalam membuat akun hanya dengan memblokir akun sementaranya. Seseorang yang diblokir tidak akan dapat membuat akun sementara baru jika pengurus memilih opsi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|blokir otomatis.]] ** Blokir satu maupun rentang alamat IP tetap berlaku. * Akun Sementara tidak akan berlaku untuk kontribusi sebelum perilisan fitur ini. Pada halaman Istimewa:Kontribusi pengguna, alamat IP yang sudah ada sebelumnya tetap akan tampil. Jika ingin melihat suntingan oleh akun sementara, kunjungi halaman Istimewa:Kontribusi alamat IP. '''Tahap selanjutnya dan apa yang harus dilakukan''' * Apabila Anda mengetahui perkakas, akun bot, dsb. yang menggunakan alamat IP, sebaiknya dilakukan uji coba terlebih dahulu di [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] atau [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. Jika Anda adalah pengembang sukarelawan, silakan membaca dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers| berikut ini]] dan lihat bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|kode Anda mungkin perlu diperbarui]]. * Apabila Anda ingin merasakan pengalaman menggunakan akun sementara, silakan kunjungi testwiki atau test2wiki tanpa masuk log. * Sampaikan kepada kami apa saja halangan maupun permasalahan yang dialami. Kami akan berusaha semaksimal mungkin dalam membantu, tetapi apabila tidak bisa maka kami akan memikirkan opsi lain yang tersedia. * Lihat kembali [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|pengumuman terakhir kami]] tentang syarat bagi pengguna tanpa hak khusus (pengurus, birokrat, pemeriksa, pengawas) yang ingin melihat alamat IP akun sementara. Untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang proyek ini, silakan kunjungi halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|pertanyaan yang sering diajukan]]. Anda mungkin juga tertarik untuk melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|pengumuman terkini ]] dan [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|berlangganan nawala kami]]. Salam.<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 26 Agustus 2025 21.36 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berikan suara Anda: pemilihan Dewan Pengawas 2025</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Halo semua, Masa pemungutan suara untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|pemilihan Dewan Pengawas 2025]] telah dibuka. Para calon akan bertanding untuk memperebutkan dua (2) kursi Dewan Pengawas. Untuk memeriksa kelayakan Anda sebagai pemilih, silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|halaman kelayakan pemilih]]. Pelajari para calon dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|membaca pernyataan yang tercantum dalam halaman pencalonan dan juga saksikan video mereka]]. Jika Anda telah merasa siap, silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|halaman pemungutan suara untuk memberikan suara Anda]]. '''Pemungutan suara akan dibuka dari pukul 00:00 UTC, 8 Oktober hingga 23:59 UTC, 22 Oktober 2022.''' Salam hangat, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Ketua, Komite Pemilihan<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 9 Oktober 2025 04.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 20 Oktober 2025 11.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 30 Oktober 2025 14.13 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 20 Nopémber 2025 14.22 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 28 Nopémber 2025 21.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-12-01_Wikipedias&oldid=29723884 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 18 Januari 2026 13.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Tinjauan tahunan untuk Kode Etik Universal dan Panduan Penegakan</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Saya ingin menyampaikan bahwa periode peninjauan tahunan Kode Etik Universal dan Pedoman Penegakannya saat ini telah dibuka. Usulan perubahan dapat diajukan hingga 9 Februari 2026. Tahap ini merupakan langkah awal dari rangkaian proses peninjauan tahunan yang akan dilakukan.[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Informasi lengkap dan ruang diskusi tersedia di halaman UCoC di Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) adalah grup global yang didedikasikan untuk memberikan implementasi yang adil dan konsisten dari UCoC. Tinjauan tahunan ini telah direncanakan dan diimplementasikan oleh U4C. Untuk informasi dan tanggung jawab U4C lebih lanjut, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Anda dapat meninjaunya pada piagam U4C]]. Mohon bagikan informasi ini pada anggota lain di komunitas Anda di mana pun yang mungkin sesuai. -- Bekerja sama dengan U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|bicara]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 19 Januari 2026 21.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Obrolan pamaké:MediaWiki message delivery|sawala]]) 26 April 2026 00.58 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Milih ayeuna dina pamilihan U4C 2026 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Pamilih anu lolos dihaturan ngiringan pamilihan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Komite Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal]] 2026. Leuwih lengkepna-kaasup kalayakan, émbaran prosés voting, émbaran calon, jeung tutumbu ka votingna aya di Meta di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|kaca émbaran Pamilihan 2026]]. Voting ditutup 2 Juni 2026 jam [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Upama anjeun layak, mangga milih. Hasilna bakal dibéwarakeun 14 Juni 2026. -- Sabilulungan jeung U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 27 Méi 2026 17.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|obrolan]])</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 17.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Penerapan halaman kontak Legal dan Keamanan di bagian bawah wiki Anda</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Kontak Legal dan Keamanan''' Halo, rekan-rekan kontributor! Wikimedia Foundation telah menyediakan [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|halaman kontak legal dan keamanan]] yang akan ditambahkan di bagian bawah wiki. Halaman tersebut sudah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris, Italia, Jerman, Spanyol, dan sebagainya. Untuk bahasa lainnya akan segera tersedia. Silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|halaman proyek]] untuk informasi selengkapnya, serta kami harapkan kesediaannya untuk meninggalkan komentar di bawah ini atau di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|halaman pembicaraan]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 25 Juni 2026 13.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 24 Juli 2026 12.25 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:DreamRimmer@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 21 Séptémber 2026 15.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067433 --> a15zelwus0zvlohl4knogv96uq92z0v 0 107983 712803 712345 2026-09-22T02:28:01Z Ziv 33153 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:TR Age 11 Paris.jpg]] → [[File:Theodore Roosevelt at Age 11.jpg]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:Theodore Roosevelt at Age 11.jpg]] 712803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Theodore Roosevelt by the Pach Bros (4x5 cropped).jpg | caption = Roosevelt dina taun 1904 | order1 = ka-26 | office1 = [[Présidén Amérika Serikat]] | vicepresident1 = {{Plain list| * Kosong (1901–1905){{Efn|Roosevelt téh mimitina Wakil Présidén McKinley, tuluy jadi présidén saatos McKinley ditelasan (diasesinasi) dina taun 1901. Hal ieu kajantenan sateuacan diadopsina [[Amandemén ka-25 Konstitusi Amérika Serikat]] dina taun 1967, ku kituna kakosongan korsi wakil présidén teu tiasa dieusi dugi ka pamilihan sareng pelantikan salajengna.}} * {{longitem|[[Charles W. Fairbanks]] (1905–1909)}} }} | term_start1 = 14 Séptémber 1901 | term_end1 = 4 Maret 1909 | predecessor1 = [[William McKinley]] | successor1 = [[William Howard Taft]] | order2 = ka-25 | office2 = [[Wakil Présidén Amérika Serikat]] | president2 = William McKinley | term_start2 = 4 Maret 1901 | term_end2 = 14 Séptémber 1901 | predecessor2 = [[Garret Hobart]] | successor2 = Charles W. Fairbanks | order3 = ka-33 | office3 = [[Daptar gubernur New York|Gubernur New York]] | lieutenant3 = [[Timothy L. Woodruff]] | term_start3 = 1 Januari 1899 | term_end3 = 31 Désémber 1900 | predecessor3 = [[Frank S. Black]] | successor3 = [[Benjamin Barker Odell Jr.]] | order4 = ka-5 | office4 = Asistén Sékrétaris Angkatan Laut | president4 = William McKinley | term_start4 = 19 April 1897 | term_end4 = 10 Méi 1898 | predecessor4 = [[William McAdoo (New Jersey politician)|William McAdoo]] | successor4 = [[Charles Herbert Allen]] | office5 = [[Présidén Déwan Komisaris Polisi Kota New York]] | appointer5 = [[William Lafayette Strong]] | term_start5 = 6 Méi 1895 | term_end5 = 19 April 1897 | predecessor5 = James J. Martin | successor5 = [[Frank Moss (lawyer)|Frank Moss]] | state_assembly6 = New York | district6 = [[Distrik Majelis Nagara Bagian New York ka-21|ka-21]] | term_start6 = 1 Januari 1883 | term_end6 = 31 Désémber 1884 | predecessor6 = William J. Trimble | successor6 = [[Henry A. Barnum]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1858|10|27}} | birth_name = Theodore Roosevelt{{nbsp}}Jr. | birth_place = Kota New York, A.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1919|1|6|1858|10|27}} | death_place = [[Oyster Bay, New York]], A.S. | resting_place = [[Youngs Memorial Cemetery]] | party = [[Partéy Républik (Amérika Serikat)|Républik]] (1880–1912, 1916–1919) | otherparty = [[Partéy Bull Moose]] (1912–1916) | spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt|Alice Lee]]|27 Oktober 1880|14 Pébruari 1884|end=pupus}}|{{marriage|[[Edith Carow]]|2 Désémber 1886}}}} | children = 6 | relatives = [[Kulawarga Roosevelt]] | alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|[[Universitas Harvard]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])|[[Sakola Hukum Columbia|Universitas Columbia]]}} | occupation = {{flatlist| * Panulis * konservasionis * pangjalajah * sajarawan * naturalis * [[komisaris polisi]] * politikus * prajurit }} | signature = Theodore Roosevelt Signature-2.svg | awards = [[Hadiah Nobél Perdamaian]] (1906) | allegiance = Amérika Serikat | branch = [[Angkatan Darat Amérika Serikat]] | serviceyears = {{unbulleted list|1882–1886 (gardu)|1898}} | rank = [[Kolonél (Amérika Serikat)|Kolonél]] | unit = [[Garda Nasional Angkatan Darat New York]] | mawards = [[Medal of Honor]] {{avoid wrap|([[Anugerah anumerta|anumerta]], 2001)}} | commands = [[Kavaleri Sukarelawan ka-1 A.S.]] | battles = {{tree list}} * [[Perang Spanyol–Amérika]] ** [[Patempuran Las Guasimas]] ** [[Patempuran Pasir San Juan]] {{tree list/end}} | module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Right of the People.ogg|title=Sora Theodore Roosevelt|type=biantara|description=Roosevelt nuju biantara nalika [[Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1912|kampanyé présidén kaduana]]<br />Dirékam taun 1912}} }} '''Theodore Roosevelt Jr.'''{{efn|Dilafalkeun {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|oʊ|z|ə|v|ɛ|l|t}} {{respell|ROH|zə|velt}}}} (27 Oktober 1858 – 6 Januari 1919), ogé kawentar ku landihan '''Teddy''' atanapi '''T.{{nbsp}}R.''', nyaéta [[Présidén Amérika Sarikat]] ka-26, anu ngajabat ti taun 1901 dugi ka 1909. Roosevelt sateuacanna aktip dina dunya politik [[New York (state)|New York]], kalebet ngajabat janten [[Daptar gubernur New York|gubernur ka-33]] salami dua taun. Anjeunna ngajabat salaku [[Wakil Présidén Amérika Serikat]] ka-25 dina mangsa Présidén [[William McKinley]] salami genep sasih dina taun 1901, sarta naék janten présidén saatos kajantenan [[Aksidén William McKinley|McKinley ditelasan]]. Nalika janten présidén, Roosevelt mucunghul salaku pamingpin [[Sajarah Partéy Républik (Amérika Serikat)|Partéy Républik]] sarta janten kakuatan utama pikeun kawijakan [[Hukum antiamanh (antitrust) Amérika Serikat|anti-amanah]] sarta kawijakan-kawijakan [[Era Progrésif]]. Nalika budak, Roosevelt téh budak anu geringan alatan kasakit [[asma]], nanging anjeunna tiasa ngungkulan masalah kaséhatanana ku cara hirup anu tapis atanapi [[The Strenuous Life|hirup anu pinuh ku sumanget]]. Anjeunna dididik ku cara [[sakola di imah]] sarta mimiti mikaresep dunya naturalis sateuacan kuliah di [[Universitas Harvard]]. Bukuna anu judulna ''[[The Naval War of 1812]]'' ngukuhkeun reputasina salaku sajarawan sarta panulis populér. Roosevelt janten pamingpin faksi réformasi ti Partéy Républik di [[Législatur Nagara Bagian New York]]. Pamajikan kahijina, [[Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt]], sareng ibuna, [[Martha Bulloch Roosevelt]], pupus dina wengi anu sami, anu matak ngajantenkeun anjeunna kacida duka sacara psikologis. Anjeunna cageur deui saatos mésér sareng ngurus peternakan sapi di [[Dakotas]]. Roosevelt kantos ngajabat janten [[asistén sékrétaris Angkatan Laut]] dina mangsa McKinley, sarta dina taun 1898 ngabantu ngarencanakeun [[Perang Spanyol–Amérika|perang laut ngalawan Spanyol anu hasilna jaya]]. Anjeunna mundur pikeun ngabantu ngadegkeun sarta mingpin [[Rough Riders]], hiji unit anu merangan [[Tentara Spanyol]] di [[Kuba]] anu kawentar pisan. Saatos mulang salaku pahlawan perang, Roosevelt [[Pamilihan nagara bagian New York 1898|kapilih janten gubernur New York dina taun 1898]]. Alatan pamingpin partéy di New York teu resep kana agénda nagara bagianana anu ambisius, maranéhna ngayakinkeun McKinley pikeun milih Roosevelt salaku pasanganana dina [[Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1900]]. Pasangan McKinley–Roosevelt meunang mutlak. Roosevelt [[Pelantikan kahiji Theodore Roosevelt|ngamimitian janten présidén]] dina umur 42 taun nalika [[Aksidén William McKinley|McKinley ditelasan]]. Ku kituna, anjeunna janten (sareng tetep dugi ka ayeuna) jalmi pangora-ngorana anu nyekel jabatan éta. Salaku pamingpin [[Progrésivisme di Amérika Serikat|gerakan progrésif]], anjeunna ngusung kawijakan domestik "[[Square Deal]]", anu nekenkeun kaadilan pikeun sakumna warga nagara, ngabubarkeun [[Trust (bisnis)|amanah (trust)]] anu jahat, ngatur karéta api, sarta [[Undang-undang Kadaharan sareng Ubar Murni|kadaharan sareng ubar anu murni]]. Roosevelt ngutamakeun [[Gerakan konservasi|konservasi]] sarta ngadegkeun [[Daptar taman nasional Amérika Serikat|taman nasional]], [[Daptar leuweung nasional Amérika Serikat|leuweung]], sarta [[Daptar monumén nasional Amérika Serikat|monumén]] pikeun ngajaga sumber daya alam A.S. Dina [[Kawijakan luar nagri administrasi Theodore Roosevelt|kawijakan luar nagri]], anjeunna [[Roosevelt Corollary|fokus ka Amérika Tengah]], kalayan ngamimitian pangwangunan [[Terusan Panama]]. Roosevelt ngalegaan Angkatan Laut A.S. sarta ngirimkeun [[Great White Fleet]] pikeun kuriling dunya pikeun némbongkeun kakuatan lautna. [[Perjangjian Portsmouth|Usahana anu hasil]] dina mungkasan [[Perang Rusia-Jepang]] ngajantenkeun anjeunna kenging [[Hadiah Nobél Perdamaian]] taun 1906, jalmi non-Éropa munggaran anu kenging [[Hadiah Nobél]]. Roosevelt [[Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1904|kapilih deui pikeun masa jabatan pinuh dina taun 1904]] sarta ngayakinkeun [[William Howard Taft]] pikeun ngagentos anjeunna dina taun 1908. Roosevelt lami-lami ngarasa kuciwa ku gaya konservatisme Taft, nanging gagal kéngingkeun [[Primér présidén Partéy Républik 1912|nominasi présidén ti Partéy Républik taun 1912]]. Anjeunna ngadegkeun [[Partéy Bull Moose]] sarta nyalonkeun deui dina [[Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1912|taun 1912]]; ayana dua calon ieu nyababkeun sora partéyna pecah sahingga tokoh [[Sajarah Partéy Démokrat (Amérika Serikat)|Démokrat]] [[Woodrow Wilson]] anu meunang. Roosevelt mingpin [[Ékspédisi Ilmiah Roosevelt–Rondon ka lembah Amazon|ékspédisi opat sasih ka lembah Amazon]], di mana anjeunna ampir-ampiran pupus alatan [[panyakit tropis]]. Nalika Perang Dunya I, anjeunna ngritik Wilson anu henteu ngiringkeun A.S. kana perang; tawaranana pikeun mingpin sukarelawan ka Perancis ditolak. Kaséhatan Roosevelt beuki nyirorot sarta anjeunna pupus dina taun 1919. [[Peringkat sajarah présidén Amérika Serikat|Hasil survéi para sajarawan sareng ilmuwan politik]] nempatkeun anjeunna salaku salah sahiji présidén Amérika anu panghébatna. ==Kahirupan awal== [[File:Theodore Roosevelt at Age 11.jpg|thumb|left|upright=.75|Roosevelt nalika umur 11 taun]] Theodore Roosevelt Jr. dibabarkeun dina 27 Oktober 1858, di [[Tempat Babar Theodore Roosevelt|28 East 20th Street]] di [[Manhattan]].{{sfn|Morris|1979|p=3}} Kolotna nyaéta [[Martha Bulloch Roosevelt|Martha Stewart Bulloch]] sarta saurang pangusaha [[Theodore Roosevelt Sr.]] Anjeunna gaduh lanceuk awéwé jenenganana Anna (biasa digeroan [[Bamie Roosevelt|Bamie]]), adi lalaki [[Elliott Roosevelt (socialite)|Elliott]], sarta adi awéwé [[Corinne Roosevelt Robinson|Corinne]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anna Roosevelt – Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/annaroosevelt.htm|access-date=April 4, 2021|publisher=National Park Service|archive-date=May 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517084507/https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/annaroosevelt.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mangsa ngora Roosevelt kapangaruhan ku kaayaan kaséhatanana anu ringkih sarta serangan kasakit [[asma]] anu parah, anu matak ngahariwangkeun anjeunna jeung kolotna. Harita, para dokter teu acan mendakan ubarna.{{Sfn|McCullough|1981|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=nuzmvrqPvdIC&pg=PA93 93–108]}} Sanajan kitu, anjeunna téh budak anu pinuh ku tanaga sarta miboga rasa panasaran (kuriositas) anu kacida gedéna.{{Sfn|Putnam|1958|pp=23–27}} Karesepna kana widang [[zoologi]] anu lumangsung saumur hirup dimimitian nalika umur tujuh taun, nalika anjeunna ningali bangké [[Pinniped|anjing laut]] di pasar; saatos kenging sirah anjing laut éta, Roosevelt sareng dulur-dulur misanana ngadegkeun "Museum Sajarah Alam Roosevelt". Saatos diajar dasar-dasar [[taksidermi]] (ngawétkeun sato), anjeunna ngeusian museum basajanna ku sato-sato anu dipaéhan atanapi ditéwak ku anjeunna sorangan. Nalika umur salapan taun, anjeunna nyatet hasil observasina dina tulisan anu judulna "Sajarah Alam Serangga".<ref name="environment">{{Cite web | publisher = PBS | url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/tr/envir.html | title = TR's Legacy — The Environment | access-date = March 6, 2006 | archive-date = December 24, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081224215129/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/tr/envir.html }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224215129/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/tr/envir.html |date=December 24, 2008 }}</ref> Lalampahan kulawarga, kalebet wisata ka Éropa dina taun 1869 sareng 1870, sarta ka [[Khedivate Mesir|Mesir]] dina taun 1872, ngawangun sawanganana anu kosmopolitan.{{Sfn|Roosevelt|1913|p=13}} Nalika nuju nanjak gunung (hiking) sareng kulawargana di pagunungan [[Alpen]] taun 1869, Roosevelt mendakan mangpaat tina kagiatan fisik pikeun ngurangan serangan asmana sarta ngagedékeun sumangetna.{{Sfn|Putnam|1958|pp=63–70}} Ti saprak éta, Roosevelt mimiti ngalakukeun latihan fisik anu beurat. Saatos dikerjakeun ku budak-budak anu langkung kolot nalika nuju angkat kémping, anjeunna milari palatih tinju pikeun ngalatih dirina sangkan tiasa béla diri.{{Sfn|Testi|1995|pp=1516–1517}}{{Sfn|Roosevelt|1913|pp=32–33}} ===Pangatikan=== Roosevelt dididik ku cara [[sakola di imah]] (''homeschooled''). Panulis biografi [[H. W. Brands]] nyerat yén, "Kakurangan anu paling nyata... nyaéta hanteu rata cakupanana... dina rupa-rupa widang... pangaweruh."{{Sfn|Brands|1997|page=49}} Anjeunna jembar dina widang géografi sarta calakan dina sajarah, biologi, basa Perancis, jeung basa Jérman; nanging, anjeunna rada hésé dina matematika jeung basa-basa klasik. Dina bulan Séptémber 1876, anjeunna asup ka [[Universitas Harvard]]. Ramana mapatahan anjeunna, "jaga ahlak anjeun pangheulana, tuluy kaséhatan, sarta pamungkas nyaéta pangajaran anjeun."<ref>{{cite book|first=Edward P.|last=Kohn|title=Heir to the Empire City: New York and the Making of Theodore Roosevelt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EcZWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT26|year=2013|page=26|publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-465-06975-0|access-date=April 15, 2017|archive-date=April 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415213639/https://books.google.com/books?id=EcZWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT26|url-status=live}}</ref> Pupusna ramana anu ngadadak dina taun 1878 kacida matak sedihna pikeun Roosevelt.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=80–82}} Anjeunna nampi warisan sagedé US$60,000 (sarua jeung ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|60,000|1878|r=-4}}}} dina taun {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}), anu cukup pikeun anjeunna hirup senang saumur hirupna.<ref name=NYT14>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2014/07/18/1878-theodore-roosevelt-inherits-a-fortune/|title=First Glimpses: 1878: Theodore Roosevelt Inherits a Fortune|date=July 18, 2014|first=Mark|last=Bulik|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222113116/https://www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2014/07/18/1878-theodore-roosevelt-inherits-a-fortune/|access-date=December 22, 2020|archive-date=December 22, 2020}}</ref> Ramana, saurang panganut [[Présbitérianisme|Présbitérian]] anu taat, rutin mingpin kulawarga dina doa. Nalika di Harvard, Theodore anu tos sawawa nulad ramana ku cara ngajar sakola minggu salami langkung ti tilu taun di Épiskopal [[Christ Church (Cambridge, Massachusetts)|Christ Church]] di [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]. Nalika pandita di Christ Church maksa anjeunna kedah janten saurang Épiskopalian upami hoyong teras ngajar, Roosevelt nolak, sarta milih ngajar kelas misi di lingkungan miskin di Cambridge.<ref>{{cite book |last=McCullough |first=David |author-link=David McCullough |title=[[Mornings on Horseback]]: The Story of an Extraordinary Family, a Vanished Way of Life and the Unique Child Who Became Theodore Roosevelt |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-6714-4754-0 }}</ref> Roosevelt unggul dina kursus sains, filsafat, sareng rétorika, nanging rada beurat dina basa Latin sareng Yunani. Anjeunna tos janten naturalis anu mahér sareng saurang [[Ornitologi|ornitologis]] anu karyana tos diterbitkeun, sarta neuleuman biologi kalayan daria. Anjeunna rajin maca sarta miboga daya ingetan anu ampir fotografis.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=62}} Roosevelt miluan kagiatan dayung sareng [[Klub Tinju Harvard|tinju]], sarta janten anggota masarakat sastra [[Alpha Delta Phi]], babaturan sakelas [[Delta Kappa Epsilon]], sareng [[Porcellian Club]] anu gengsi. Dina taun 1880, Roosevelt lulus [[Phi Beta Kappa]] (réngking 22 ti 177 urang) kalayan gelar [[Bachelor of Arts|A.B.]] ''[[magna cum laude]]''. [[Henry F. Pringle]] nyerat: {{blockquote|Roosevelt, nalika nyobian nganalisis karir kuliahna sareng nimbang mangpaat anu katarima, ngarasa yén anjeunna meunang sakedik pisan ti Harvard. Anjeunna ngarasa kuciwa ku cara pangajaran anu formalistik dina seueur subjék, ku kakakuan, sarta perhatian kana hal-hal leutik anu sabenerna penting, tapi ku hiji cara henteu kantos dikaitkeun sareng gambaran anu gembleng (utuh).{{sfn|Pringle|1931|p=27}}}} Roosevelt ngabatalkeun rencanana pikeun neuleuman élmu alam sarta milih asup ka [[Sakola Hukum Columbia]], pindah deui ka bumi kulawargana di New York. Sanajan Roosevelt téh murid anu sanggup, anjeunna ngarasa yén hukum téh henteu rasional.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=110–112, 123–133. quote p. 126}} Kalayan tékad hoyong lebet ka dunya politik, Roosevelt mimiti ngiringan rapat-rapat di Morton Hall, markas Asosiasi Républik Distrik ka-21 New York. Sanajan ramana téh anggota nonjol di [[Sajarah Partéy Républik (Amérika Serikat)|Partéy Républik]], pilihan karir Roosevelt ieu dianggap teu ilahar pikeun jalma tina golonganna, sabab kalolobaan batur sapantanna mah nyingkahan pikeun kalibet teuing jero dina dunya politik. Roosevelt mendakan sakutu di Partéy Républik lokal sarta hasil ngéléhkeun saurang anggota majelis nagara bagian ti Républik anu aya patalina rapet sareng mesin politik Sénator [[Roscoe Conkling]]. Saatos kameunanganana dina pamilihan, Roosevelt kaluar ti sakola hukum, anu engkéna anjeunna nyarios, "Kuring boga niat pikeun janten salah sahiji golongan anu maréntah."{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=110–112, 123–133. quote p. 126}} ==Karier politik awal== ===Anggota Majelis Nagara Bagian=== Dina [[Pamilihan nagara bagian New York 1881|pamilihan 1881]], Roosevelt kenging korsi di [[Majelis Nagara Bagian New York]], ngawakilan [[Distrik Majelis Nagara Bagian New York ka-21|distrik ka-21]], anu puseurna di "Distrik Silk Stocking" di [[Upper East Side]] County New York. Anjeunna ngajabat dina sési législatif taun [[Législatur Nagara Bagian New York ka-105|1882]], [[Législatur Nagara Bagian New York ka-106|1883]], sareng [[Législatur Nagara Bagian New York ka-107|1884]]. Roosevelt mimiti némbongkeun taringna kalayan sakaligus. Anjeunna ngahalangan usaha korup ti saurang panyepeng modal (finansiér) [[Jay Gould]] anu hoyong nurunkeun pajegna. Roosevelt ngungkab ayana kolusi antara Gould sareng Hakim [[Theodoric R. Westbrook|Theodore Westbrook]] sarta hasil ngadesek ngayakeun panalungtikan (investigasi) kalayan tujuan sangkan éta hakim di-''impeach'' (dipecat sacara hukum). Sanajan komite panalungtikan nolak pamécatan éta, Roosevelt parantos hasil ngungkab korupsi di [[Albany, New York|Albany]] sarta kenging citra anu saé tur nonjol dina rupa-rupa publikasi di New York.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=134–140}} Usaha anti-korupsi Roosevelt ngabantu anjeunna kenging deui sora dina [[Pamilihan nagara bagian New York 1882|pamilihan 1882]] kalayan kaunggulan sora dua kali lipat langkung seueur, hiji préstasi anu dianggap luar biasa margi calon gubernur ti Partéy Démokrat, [[Grover Cleveland]], sabenerna unggul di distrik Roosevelt.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=138–139}} Nalika faksi [[Stalwart (politik)|Stalwart]] ti Partéy Républik pimpinan Sénator Conkling nuju paburancat saatos [[Assasinasi Présidén James Garfield|kajantenan ditelasanna Présidén James Garfield]], Roosevelt kapilih janten pamingpin partéy di majelis nagara bagian. Anjeunna gawé bareng sareng Gubernur Cleveland pikeun ngaluluskeun rancangan undang-undang réformasi layanan sipil.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=140–142}} Roosevelt kapilih deui sarta nyobian ngudag jabatan [[Ketua Majelis Nagara Bagian New York|Ketua Majelis]], nanging [[Titus Sheard]] anu kenging éta jabatan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 1, 1884 |title=Mr Sheard to be Speaker |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1884/01/01/106134466.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225073137/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1884/01/01/106134466.pdf |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |access-date=June 13, 2018 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=153}} Roosevelt ngajabat janten Ketua Komite Urusan Kota, di mana salami mangsa éta anjeunna nyerat langkung seueur rancangan undang-undang dibandingkeun législator sanésna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohn |first=Edward P. |date=2009 |title='A Most Revolting State of Affairs': Theodore Roosevelt's Aldermanic Bill and the New York Assembly City Investigating Committee of 1884 |journal=American Nineteenth Century History |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=71–92|doi=10.1080/14664650802299909 |hdl=11693/48381 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Pamilihan présidén 1884=== {{See also|Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1884}} Nalika seueur tokoh anu nyalonkeun présidén, Roosevelt ngarojong Sénator [[George F. Edmunds]] ti Vermont. Partéy Républik tingkat nagara bagian langkung milih présidén anu nuju ngajabat, [[Chester Arthur]], anu kawentar alatan ngaluarkeun [[Undang-undang Réformasi Layanan Sipil Pendleton]]. Roosevelt hasil mangaruhan delegasi Manhattan dina konvénsi nagara bagian. Anjeunna tuluy nyepeng kadali konvénsi, ngayakeun tawar-menawar sapeupeuting sarta hasil ngéléhkeun taktik para pangrojong Arthur jeung [[James G. Blaine]]; ku kituna, anjeunna kénging reputasi nasional salaku politikus konci di nagara bagianana.{{sfn|Putnam|1958|pp=413–424}} Roosevelt ngahadiran [[Konvénsi Nasional Républik 1884]] di [[Chicago]], di dinya anjeunna biantara pikeun ngayakinkeun para delegasi sangkan milih tokoh Afrika-Amérika [[John R. Lynch]], saurang pangrojong Edmunds, janten ketua samentara. Roosevelt berjuang bareng jeung para réformis [[Mugwump]] ngalawan Blaine. Nanging, Blaine kenging rojongan ti delegasi Arthur jeung Edmunds, sarta hasil kenging nominasi. Dina momen krusial dina karirna anu nuju mekar, Roosevelt nolak paménta batur-baturna di Mugwump pikeun misahkeun diri ti Blaine. Anjeunna agul: "Urang kenging kameunangan ku cara ngawangun kombinasi pikeun ngéléhkeun calon Blaine janten ketua samentara... ieu merlukeun... kaparigelan, kawani, jeung tanaga... sangkan rupa-rupa faksi kersa gabung... pikeun ngéléhkeun musuh babarengan."{{sfn|Brands|1997|p=171}} Anjeunna ngarasa reueus nalika diondang biantara di payuneun sapuluh rébu urang, jumlah panongton panglobana anu kantos disanghareupan ku anjeunna harita. Saatos ngarasaan dunya politik nasional, Roosevelt ngarasa kirang gairah pikeun bajoang di tingkat nagara bagian; anjeunna milih pensiun ka "Chimney Butte Ranch" anyarna di sisi [[Walungan Little Missouri (North Dakota)|Walungan Little Missouri]].{{sfn|Putnam|1958|pp=445–450}} Roosevelt nolak gabung sareng Mugwump sanésna pikeun ngarojong Cleveland, calon ti [[Sajarah Partéy Démokrat Amérika Serikat|Partéy Démokrat]] dina pamilihan umum. Saatos Blaine kenging nominasi, Roosevelt sacara gagabah nyarios yén anjeunna bakal masihan "rojongan sapinuh haté ka saha waé urang Démokrat anu pantes". Anjeunna tuluy ngajauhkeun diri tina jangji éta, nyebatkeun yén omonganana téh sanés "kanggo dipublikasikeun".{{sfn|Pringle|1956|p=61}} Nalika saurang wartawan naros naha anjeunna bakal ngarojong Blaine, Roosevelt ngajawab, "Kuring nolak ngajawab."{{sfn|Putnam|1958|p=445}} Ahirna, anjeunna sadar yén anjeunna kedah ngarojong Blaine pikeun ngajaga kalungguhanana di jero partéy, sarta anjeunna ngalakukeun éta ngaliwatan siaran pers.{{sfn|Putnam|1958|p=467}} Saatos kaleungitan rojongan ti seueur réformis, sarta masih ngarasa duka alatan pupusna pamajikan jeung ibuna, Roosevelt mutuskeun pikeun mundur tina dunya politik sarta pindah ka [[North Dakota]].{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=161}} ==Tukang ngangon sapi di Dakota== [[File:Theodore Roosevelt with hunting suit and rifle 3a24199u original.jpg|thumb|Roosevelt salaku pamburu di [[Badlands]] dina taun 1885]] Roosevelt munggaran nganjang ka [[Wilayah Dakota]] dina taun 1883 pikeun moro [[bison]]. Ku sabab kacida gumbirana ku [[gaya hirup urang kulon]] sarta ningali bisnis sapi anu nuju maju pisan, Roosevelt investasi $14.000 (sarua jeung ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|14,000|1883|r=-4}}}} dina taun {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) kalayan harepan janten pangusaha sapi anu makmur. Salami sababaraha taun, anjeunna bulak-balik antara bumina di New York sareng peternakanana di Dakota.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Theodore Roosevelt the Rancher |url=https://www.nps.gov/thro/learn/historyculture/theodore-roosevelt-the-rancher.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902213054/https://www.nps.gov/thro/learn/historyculture/theodore-roosevelt-the-rancher.htm |archive-date=September 2, 2019 |access-date=November 27, 2019 |publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}</ref> Saatos [[Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1884]], Roosevelt ngawangun [[Elkhorn Ranch]] {{cvt|35|mi|km}} kaléreun kota [[Medora, North Dakota]] anu nuju mekar. Roosevelt diajar numpak kuda gaya kulon, ngagunakeun laso, sarta moro di sisi [[Walungan Little Missouri (North Dakota)|Little Missouri]]. Saurang koboi, ceuk anjeunna, miboga "saeutik sipat lembut anu dipuji ku para pseudo-filantropis; nanging anjeunna miboga sipat tegep sarta maskulin anu kacida luhurna anu peryogi pisan pikeun hiji bangsa".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roosevelt |first=Theodore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BY4-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA56 |title=Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail |publisher=Century |others=Illustrated by [[Frederic Remington]] |year=1902 |location=New York |pages=55–56 |access-date=October 17, 2015 |orig-date=1888 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407023213/http://books.google.com/books?id=BY4-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA56 |archive-date=April 7, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Morrisey |first=Will |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oS2Kcqjl-VgC&pg=PA41 |title=The Dilemma of Progressivism: How Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson Reshaped the American Regime of Self-Government |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7425-6618-7 |page=41 |access-date=October 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406172847/http://books.google.com/books?id=oS2Kcqjl-VgC&pg=PA41 |archive-date=April 6, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Anjeunna nyerat ngeunaan kahirupan di wilayah wates (frontier) pikeun majalah nasional sarta medarkeun buku-buku: ''Hunting Trips of a Ranchman'', ''Ranch Life and the Hunting-Trail'', sarta ''The Wilderness Hunter''.{{sfn|Brands|1997|p=191}} Roosevelt hasil mingpin usaha pikeun ngatur para peternak dina nungkulan masalah ngangon anu kaleuleuwihi (overgrazing) sarta pasualan babarengan sanésna, anu ngahasilkeun diwangunna Asosiasi Peternak Little Missouri. Anjeunna ogé ngadegkeun [[Klub Boone jeung Crockett]], anu tujuan utamana nyaéta konservasi sato buruan badag sarta habitatna.{{sfn|Brands|1997|p=189}} Dina taun 1886, Roosevelt ngajabat janten [[Sheriff di Amérika Serikat|wakil sheriff]] di [[County Billings, North Dakota]]. Anjeunna sareng para pagawé peternakanana hasil ngudag sarta néwak tilu jalma anu maling parahu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Taman Nasional Theodore Roosevelt]] |title=Roosevelt Pursues the Boat Thieves |url=https://www.nps.gov/thro/learn/historyculture/roosevelt-pursues-boat-thieves.htm}}</ref> Kayaan [[usum tiris 1886–1887]] anu kacida parahna méakkeun sato ternakna sarta leuwih ti satengah tina investasi $80.000 (sarua jeung ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|80,000|1887|r=-4}}}} dina taun {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}).{{sfn|Morris|1979|p=376}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Theodore Roosevelt the Rancher |url=https://www.nps.gov/thro/historyculture/theodore-roosevelt-the-rancher.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208112452/http://www.nps.gov/thro/historyculture/theodore-roosevelt-the-rancher.htm |archive-date=February 8, 2015 |access-date=January 13, 2015 |website=nps.gov |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |quote=The blow proved disastrous for Roosevelt, who lost over half of his $80,000 investment, the equivalent of approximately $1.7 million today.}}</ref> Anjeunna mungkasan kahirupanana salaku peternak sarta mulang ka New York, di mana anjeunna hasil leupas tina labél négatif salaku saurang inteléktual anu henteu mampuh dina dunya nyata.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=163–164}} ==Pernikahan kadua== [[File:Smithsonian - NPG - Roosevelt - NPG 81 126.jpg|thumb|Roosevelt sareng anggota [[Kulawarga Roosevelt|kulawargana]]. Ti kenca ka katuhu: [[Ethel Roosevelt Derby|Ethel]], [[Kermit Roosevelt|Kermit]], [[Quentin Roosevelt|Quentin]], [[Edith Roosevelt|Edith]], [[Theodore Roosevelt Jr.|Theodore III (Ted)]], Theodore, [[Archibald Roosevelt|Archibald]], [[Alice Roosevelt Longworth|Alice]], sareng [[Nicholas Longworth]]]] Dina 2 Désémber 1886, Roosevelt nikah ka réngréngan ti mangsa leutikna, [[Edith Roosevelt|Edith Kermit Carow]], di [[St George's, Hanover Square]], di [[London]], Inggris.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Forslund |first=Catherine |title=2016 |pages=298–319 |chapter=Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt: The Victorian Modern First Lady}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Letters and Friendships of Sir Cecil Spring Rice |date=1929 |publisher=Constable & Co |editor-last=Gwynn |editor-first=Stephen |page=121}}</ref> Roosevelt ngarasa rada kaganggu ku pikiran yén pernikahan kaduana ieu lumangsung teu lami saatos pupusna pamajikan kahiji, sarta anjeunna ogé nampi tantangan ti sadérék-sadérék awéwéna.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=181–182}} Ieu pasangan dipaparin lima murangkalih: [[Theodore Roosevelt Jr.|Theodore "Ted" III]] dina taun 1887, [[Kermit Roosevelt|Kermit]] dina 1889, [[Ethel Roosevelt Derby|Ethel]] dina 1891, [[Archibald Roosevelt|Archibald]] dina 1894, sareng [[Quentin Roosevelt|Quentin]] dina 1897. Maranéhna ogé ngasuh putra Roosevelt ti pernikahan kahijina, [[Alice Roosevelt Longworth|Alice]], anu sering papaséaan sareng indung téréna.{{sfn|Miller|1992|pp=193–194}} ==Mulang deui ka dunya publik== Saatos Roosevelt mulang ka New York, para pamingpin Républik ngadeukeutan anjeunna supados nyalonkeun diri janten [[Walikota Kota New York]] dina [[Pamilihan walikota Kota New York 1886|pamilihan 1886]].{{sfn|Kohn|2006}} Roosevelt nampi nominasi éta sanajan miboga harepan anu sakedik pikeun ngéléhkeun calon ti [[Partéy Buruh Serikat (Amérika Serikat, abad ka-19)|Partéy Buruh Serikat]] [[Henry George]] sareng tokoh Démokrat [[Abram Hewitt]]. Roosevelt kampanyé kalayan toh-tohan, nanging Hewitt meunang kalayan sora 41%, kenging sora ti seueur urang Républik anu sieun ku kawijakan radikal George. George kenging 31%, sarta Roosevelt aya di tempat katilu kalayan 27%.<ref name=everything>{{cite book|last=Sharp|first=Arthur G.|title=The Everything Theodore Roosevelt Book: The Extraordinary Life of an American Icon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QSdqR6Wp31wC&pg=PA78|year=2011|publisher=Adams Media|pages=78–79|isbn=978-1-4405-2729-6|access-date=October 17, 2015|archive-date=April 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407023635/http://books.google.com/books?id=QSdqR6Wp31wC&pg=PA78|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Miller|1992|pp=183–185}} Ku sabab sieun karir politikna moal jagjag deui, Roosevelt fokus kana nyerat buku ''The Winning of the West'', anu medar ngeunaan gerakan urang Amérika ka wilayah kulon; ieu buku suksés pisan, nampi ulasan anu saé sarta payu pisan nepi ka béak dina citakan munggaranana.{{sfn|Miller|1992|pp=197–200}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Utley |first=George B. |date=1944 |title=Theodore Roosevelt's the Winning of the West: Some Unpublished Letters |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1916697 |journal=The Mississippi Valley Historical Review |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=495–506 |doi=10.2307/1916697 |issn=0161-391X}}</ref> ===Komisi Layanan Sipil=== Saatos [[Benjamin Harrison]] sacara teu disangka-sangka ngéléhkeun Blaine dina nominasi présidén dina [[Konvénsi Nasional Républik 1888]], Roosevelt ngayakeun rupa-rupa [[Kampanyé politik|biantara kampanye]] di wilayah Midwest pikeun ngarojong Harrison.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=201}} Atas bongbolongan ti [[Henry Cabot Lodge]], Présidén Harrison ngangkat Roosevelt janten anggota [[Komisi Layanan Sipil Amérika Serikat]], di mana anjeunna ngajabat dugi ka taun 1895.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=203}} Nalika seueur nu ngajabat sateuacanna nganggap ieu posisi téh ngan saukur [[Jabatan ngeunaah|jabatan formalitas]] anu teu merlukeun gawé beurat,{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=206–207}} Roosevelt malah merangan para palaku [[Sistem spoils|sistem spoils]] sarta nungtut sangkan hukum layanan sipil ditegakkeun kalayan bener.{{Sfn|Thayer|1919|loc=ch. VI|pp=1–2}} Surat kabar ''[[The Sun (New York)|The Sun]]'' ngagambarkeun Roosevelt salaku jalma anu "henteu bisa diredam, resep gelut (wani), sarta pinuh ku sumanget".{{Sfn|Bishop|2007|p=51}} Roosevelt kungsi paséaa sareng Kepala Pos Umum [[John Wanamaker]], anu sering masihan jabatan ka para pangrojong Harrison; usaha Roosevelt pikeun mecat sababaraha pagawé pos malah matak ngarugikeun Harrison sacara politik.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=216–221}} Sanajan Roosevelt ngarojong Harrison dina [[Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1892|pamilihan 1892]], nu meunangna nyaéta Grover Cleveland, anu unikna kalah ngangkat deui Roosevelt dina jabatanana.{{Sfn|Bishop|2007|p=53}} Sahabat sarta panulis biografina, [[Joseph Bucklin Bishop]], ngagambarkeun kumaha Roosevelt narajang sistem korup éta: {{Blockquote|Bénténg utama politik sistem spoils, bénténg anu sateuacanna teu bisa ditembus sarta geus ajeg ti saprak diwangun luhureun pondasi anu diteundeun ku [[Andrew Jackson]], mimiti doyong sarta rék rugrug alatan narajangna ieu pamuda anu kacida wanina sarta henteu bisa diredam... Kumaha waé ogé parasaan Présidén (Harrison)—sarta taya deui mamang yén anjeunna henteu nyangka nalika ngangkat Roosevelt yén anjeunna bakal jadi saenyana "banténg di jero toko keramik"—anjeunna nolak mecat Roosevelt sarta tetep ngarojongna dugi ka mungkasan mangsa jabatanana.{{Sfn|Bishop|2007|p=51}}}} ===Komisaris Polisi Kota New York=== Dina taun 1894, kelompok Réformis Républik ngadeukeutan Roosevelt supados nyalonkeun deui janten Walikota New York; anjeunna nolak, utamana alatan pamajikanana henteu kersa upami kedah pindah tina lingkungan sosial di Washington. Teu lami ti dinya, anjeunna sadar yén anjeunna parantos kaleungitan kasempetan pikeun ngahirupkeun deui karir politikna anu nuju tiiseun. Anjeunna milih indit ka wilayah Dakota; Edith ngarasa kaduhung ku pangaruhna dina kaputusan éta sarta jangji moal ngulang deui hal sarupa.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=265–268}} [[William Lafayette Strong]] meunang dina pamilihan walikota taun 1884 sarta nawarkeun jabatan ka Roosevelt dina jajaran dewan [[Komisaris Polisi Kota New York]].{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=201}} Roosevelt janten présidén dewan komisaris sarta sacara radikal ngarobah kakuatan kapolisian: anjeunna ngayakeun inspeksi pakarang sarta pamariksaan fisik sacara rutin, ngangkat anggota dumasar kana kualifikasi fisik jeung méntal tinimbang patalina politik, ngadegkeun [[Medali Jasa Pinunjul]], nutup tempat panyalindungan polisi anu korup, sarta masang telepon di kantor-kantor polisi. Dina taun 1894, Roosevelt patepang sareng [[Jacob Riis]], wartawan ''[[The Sun (New York City)|Evening Sun]]'' anu sok ngungkab kabobrokan (''muckraking''), anu nuju muka panon warga New York ngeunaan kaayaan pikasidieun para imigran ngaliwatan bukuna sapertos ''[[How the Other Half Lives]]''. Riis nyaritakeun kumaha pangaruh bukuna ka Roosevelt: {{Blockquote|Nalika Roosevelt maca buku [kuring], anjeunna sumping... Taya jalma anu kantos ngabantu sapertos anjeunna. Salami dua taun urang parantos sapertos duduluran di [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] (daérah anu pinuh ku kajahatan di New York). Nalika anjeunna angkat, kuring parantos nyaksian mangsa kaémasan éta tempat... Saeutik pisan aya katenangan di mana waé Theodore Roosevelt mingpin, sakumaha anu dirasakeun ku urang sadayana. Para palanggar hukum ogé sadar, anu tadina nyapéléké yén anjeunna bakal "tunduk kana politik sakumaha anu sanés", ahirna mah janten hormat ka anjeunna, sanajan bari nyarékan, salaku hiji-hijina jalma anu langkung kuat tinimbang pangaruh "nepotisme" (pull)... éta pisan anu ngajantenkeun éta mangsa janten mangsa kaémasan, yén pikeun munggaranana tujuan moral sumping ka jalanan. Dina cahayana, sagalana robah janten saé.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Riis | first = Jacob A | title = The Making of an American | chapter = XIII | page = 3 | publisher = Bartleby}}</ref>}} Roosevelt miboga kabiasaan leumpang mapay [[Wewengkon patroli|wilayah patroli]] para anggota polisi dina waktu peuting sarta subuh pikeun mastikeun yén maranéhna nuju pancén.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=277}} Anjeunna ogé satekah polah negakkeun hukum panutupan poé Minggu (hukum Raines) di New York sacara tegas; dina hal ieu, anjeunna bentrok sareng [[Thomas C. Platt|Tom Platt]] sarta [[Tammany Hall]]—anjeunna dibéré nyaho yén Komisi Polisi bakal dibubarkeun sacara hukum. Tindakan tegasna nimbulkeun rupa-rupa protés. Nalika diondang ka hiji démonstrasi badag, anjeunna lain ngan saukur sumping, tapi malah ngarasa resep ku rupa-rupa hinaan sarta karikatur anu ditujukeun ka anjeunna, sahingga ahirna kenging simpati ti masarakat. Roosevelt milih pikeun ngalah tinimbang kudu pecah sareng partéyna.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=293}} ==Muncul salaku tokoh nasional== ===Asistén Sekretaris Angkatan Laut=== [[File:LC-USZC4-701 (17518506711).jpg|thumb|[[Skuadron Asiatic]] ngancurkeun armada Spanyol dina [[Patempuran Teluk Manila]] dina 1 Méi 1898]] Dina [[Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1896|pamilihan présidén 1896]], Roosevelt ngarojong [[Thomas Brackett Reed]] pikeun nominasi Républik, nanging [[William McKinley]] anu kenging nominasi sarta hasil ngéléhkeun [[William Jennings Bryan]] dina pamilihan umum.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=242–243}} Roosevelt kacida nolakna kana platform [[pérak bébas]] Bryan, sarta nganggap seueur pangrojong Bryan salaku fanatik anu bahaya. Anjeunna ngayakeun biantara kampanyé pikeun McKinley.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=243–246}} Atas dorongan ti Sénator Henry Cabot Lodge, Présidén McKinley ngangkat Roosevelt janten [[Asistén Sekretaris Angkatan Laut]] dina taun 1897.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=David |last=Lemelin |title=Theodore Roosevelt as Assistant Secretary of the Navy: Preparing America for the World Stage |journal=History Matters |year=2011 |pages=13–34}}</ref> Sekretaris Angkatan Laut [[John D. Long]] nuju teu damang sarta masrahkeun seueur kaputusan penting ka Roosevelt. Kapangaruhan ku [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]], Roosevelt nungtut pangwangunan kakuatan angkatan laut, utamana pangwangunan [[kapal perang]] (battleship).{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=253}} Roosevelt ogé mimiti nekenkeun sawangan kaamanan nasionalna ngeunaan Pasifik sareng Karibia ka McKinley, sarta keukeuh yén Spanyol kedah diusir ti Kuba.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=310–212}} Anjeunna ngajelaskeun prioritasna ka salah sahiji nu ngarancang rencana Angkatan Laut dina ahir taun 1897: {{Blockquote|Kuring ningali perang sareng Spanyol tina dua sawangan: kahiji, tina dasar kamanusaan sarta kapentingan diri pikeun milu campur pikeun kapentingan urang Kuba, sarta salaku saléngkah deui pikeun ngabébaskeun Amérika sagemblengna tina kakawasaan Éropa; kadua, mangpaat pikeun rahayat urang ku cara masihan hiji hal anu dipikiran lian ti saukur kauntungan matéri, sarta utamana mangpaat pikeun kakuatan militér urang ku cara nguji Angkatan Laut jeung Angkatan Darat dina prakték nyata.{{Sfn|Roosevelt|2001|pp=157–158}}}} Dina 15 Pébruari 1898, kapal pangawal lapis baja {{USS|Maine|ACR-1|6}} ngabeledug di palabuhan [[Havana, Kuba]], sarta nelasan ratusan awak kapal. Nalika Roosevelt sareng seueur urang Amérika sanésna nyalahkeun Spanyol, McKinley milih jalan diplomasi.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=267–268}} Tanpa idin ti Long atanapi McKinley, Roosevelt ngirimkeun paréntah ka sababaraha kapal angkatan laut pikeun nyiapkeun perang.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=267–268}}{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=325–326}} [[George Dewey]], anu parantos nampi tugas mingpin [[Skuadron Asiatic]] atas rojongan Roosevelt, engkéna nyebatkeun yén kameunanganana dina [[Patempuran Teluk Manila]] téh alatan paréntah ti Roosevelt.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=261, 268}} Saatos taya harepan deui tina jalan damai, McKinley ménta Kongrés pikeun nyatakeun perang ka Spanyol, anu jadi mimiti [[Perang Amérika–Spanyol]].{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=271–272}} ===Perang di Kuba=== {{Further|Rough Riders}} [[File:Theodore Rooseveltnewtry.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Kolonél Roosevelt dina taun 1898]] Nalika [[Perang Amérika–Spanyol]] dimimitian dina taun 1898, Roosevelt mundur tina jabatanana salaku Asistén Sekretaris Angkatan Laut. Bareng jeung Kolonél Angkatan Darat [[Leonard Wood]], anjeunna ngawangun [[Rough Riders|Réjimén Kavaleri Sukarelawan AS Kahiji]].<ref name="LOC">{{cite web | url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/roughriders.html | title=The World of 1989: The Spanish–American War; Rough Riders | publisher=Library of Congress | access-date=February 7, 2015 | archive-date=February 7, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207100632/http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/roughriders.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Pamajikanana sarta seueur rénjangna ménta sangkan Roosevelt tetep cicing di Washington, nanging Roosevelt tos tékad hayong turun langsung ka medan perang. Nalika koran-koran nyebarkeun béja ngeunaan diwangunna réjimén anyar ieu, Roosevelt sareng Wood kabanjiran ku pendaftar.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=272–274}} Disebat ku pers salaku "Rough Riders", ieu téh salah sahiji tina seueur unit samentara anu aktip ngan salami perang.{{Sfn|Samuels|1997|p=148}} Ieu réjimén dilatih salami sababaraha minggu di [[San Antonio, Texas]]; dina otobiografina, Roosevelt nyerat yén pangalamanana dina [[Garda Nasional New York]] ngabantu anjeunna pikeun langsung ngajar dasar-dasar militér.<ref>{{cite book |last=Roosevelt |first=Theodore |date=2014 |title=Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwHCAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244 |publisher=The Floating Press |page=244 |isbn=978-1-77653-337-4 |access-date=February 9, 2015 |archive-date=November 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119023721/https://books.google.com/books?id=TwHCAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ieu réjimén diwangun ku rupa-rupa latar tukang, kalebet lulusan [[Ivy League]], atlét, urang wates (frontiersmen), [[Suku Asli Amérika Serikat|Suku Asli Amérika]], pamburu, panambang, tilas prajurit, padagang, sarta sheriff. Rough Riders janten bagian tina divisi kavaleri anu dipingpin ku tilas jénderal Konfédérasi [[Joseph Wheeler]]. Roosevelt sareng anak buahna badarat di [[Daiquirí]], Kuba, dina 23 Juni 1898, sarta maju ka [[Siboney, Kuba|Siboney]]. Wheeler ngirim Rough Riders dina jalan sajajar ka kalér-kulon mapay gawir luhureun basisir. Roosevelt nyepeng komando réjimén; anjeunna ngalaman patempuran munggaran nalika Rough Riders panggih jeung pasukan Spanyol dina hiji ''skirmish'' (patempuran leutik) anu katelah [[Patempuran Las Guasimas]]. Maranéhna hasil nembus pertahanan Spanyol sarta, babarengan jeung pasukan reguler, maksa pasukan Spanyol ninggalkeun posisina.<ref name="The Rough Riders">{{Cite book | last = Roosevelt | first = Theodore | author-link = Theodore Roosevelt | year = 1898 | chapter-url = http://www.bartleby.com/51/ | title = The Rough Riders | chapter = III | page = 2 | publisher = Bartleby | access-date = August 8, 2008 | archive-date = July 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080723190331/http://bartleby.com/51/ | url-status = live }}</ref> [[File:TR San Juan Hill 1898.jpg|thumb|Kolonél Roosevelt sareng [[Rough Riders]] babarengan jeung anggota Sukarelawan ka-3 sarta [[Réjimén Kavaleri ka-10 (Amérika Serikat)|Réjimén Kavaleri ka-10]] saatos ngarebut [[Kettle Hill]] di [[Kuba]] salami [[Perang Amérika–Spanyol]] dina Juli 1898]] Dina 1 Juli, dina hiji serangan gabungan sareng pasukan reguler, handapeun lulugu Roosevelt, Rough Riders janten kawentar alatan aksi narajang ka [[Kettle Hill]] sareng San Juan Hill. Roosevelt mangrupikeun hiji-hijina prajurit anu tumpak kuda, nalika anjeunna bulak-balik di antara parit-parit némbak di garis hareup nalika nanjak ka Kettle Hill, hiji gerakan anu didesek ku anjeunna sanajan euweuh paréntah resmi. Anjeunna kapaksa leumpang dina bagian ahir Kettle Hill sabab kudana kabeulit ku [[kawat leri]] (barbed wire). Ieu serangan engkéna katelah Patempuran San Juan Heights. Kameunangan ieu dibayar mahal ku 200 urang anu palastra sarta 1.000 urang tatu.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=356}} Dina bulan Agustus, Roosevelt sareng perwira sanésna nungtut sangkan para prajurit dipulangkan. Roosevelt nginget mangsa di San Juan Heights salaku "poé pangbadagna dina hirup kuring". Saatos mulang janten warga sipil, Roosevelt langkung resep disebut "Kolonél Roosevelt" atanapi "Sang Kolonél"; nanging landihan "Teddy" tetep langkung populer di masarakat, sanajan Roosevelt sacara terang-terangan teu resep kana éta landihan.<ref name= HandyBook>{{cite book| last= Matuz| first = Roger | title = The Handy Presidents Answer Book | url= https://archive.org/details/handypresidentsa0000matu| url-access= registration| year = 2004 | publisher=Visible Ink Press |page=474 |isbn=978-0-7808-0773-0}}</ref> ===Gubernur New York=== Teu lami saatos Roosevelt mulang, Anggota Kongrés ti Républik [[Lemuel E. Quigg]], bawahan ti bos mesin politik New York [[Thomas C. Platt]], ménta Roosevelt pikeun nyalonkeun diri dina [[Pamilihan nagara bagian New York 1898|pamilihan gubernur 1898]]. Sanajan sacara politik diuntungkeun ku "mesin Platt", naékna kakawasaan Roosevelt dicirian ku kaputusan pragmatis ti Platt, anu sabenerna mah teu pati resep ka Roosevelt. Platt sieun Roosevelt bakal ngalawan kapentinganana nalika ngajabat sarta horéam pikeun nyorong Roosevelt ka tingkat politik nasional, nanging anjeunna merlukeun calon anu kuat lantaran gubernur Républik anu nuju ngajabat harita, [[Frank S. Black]], nuju teu dipikaresep ku masarakat. Roosevelt satuju janten nominé sarta nyoba pikeun henteu "ngajak perang" ka lingkungan mapan (establishment) Républik nalika engkéna ngajabat. Roosevelt ngéléhkeun Black dina kaukus Républik, sarta nyanghareupan tokoh Démokrat [[Augustus Van Wyck]], saurang hakim anu dipihormat, dina pamilihan umum.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=309–311, 318}} Roosevelt kampanye ngagunakeun catetan sajarah perangna, sarta meunang tipis kalayan sora ngan béda 1%.{{Sfn|Morris|1979|pp=674–687}} Salaku gubernur, Roosevelt diajar ngeunaan pasualan ékonomi sarta téhnik politik anu engkéna kabuktian kacida berhargana nalika anjeunna janten présidén. Anjeunna neuleuman masalah-masalah kakuatan korporasi (trust), monopoli, hubungan tanaga gawé, sarta konservasi. G. Wallace Chessman nyebutkeun yén program Roosevelt "dumasar kana konsép ''Square Deal'' (kasapukan anu adil) ku nagara anu nétral". Aturan pikeun ''Square Deal'' nyaéta "kajujuran dina urusan publik, babagi hak sarta tanggung jawab anu adil, sarta nempatkeun kapentingan nagara bagian di luhureun kapentingan partéy jeung lokal".{{Sfn|Chessman|1965|p=6}} Ku cara ngayakeun konferénsi pers dua kali sapoé—hiji hal anu anyar harita—Roosevelt tetep kabeungkeut sareng basis massa kelas menengahna.{{Sfn|Morris|1979|p=693}} Roosevelt hasil ngadesek lolosna rancangan undang-undang Pajeg-Franchise Ford, anu méré pajeg ka waralaba publik (public franchises) anu dibéré ku nagara bagian sarta dikontrol ku korporasi, bari nyatakeun yén "hiji korporasi anu meunang kakawasaan ti Nagara, kudu mayar ka Nagara perséntase anu adil tina panghasilanana salaku balesan pikeun hak husus anu ditarimana".<ref>{{cite book | first = Theodore | last = Roosevelt | title = The Roosevelt Policy: Speeches, Letters and State Papers, Relating to Corporate Wealth and Closely Allied Topics, of Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bJ8-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA2 | year = 1908 | page = 2 | access-date = October 17, 2015 | archive-date = April 6, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150406171230/http://books.google.com/books?id=bJ8-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA2 | url-status = live }}</ref> Anjeunna nolak kahaoat Platt yén ieu hal ampir sarua jeung Sosialisme gaya Bryan, kalayan ngajelaskeun yén tanpa aturan ieu, pamilih di New York bisa jadi ambek sarta milih kapamilikan publik pikeun jalur karéta sarta franchise séjénna.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=378–379}} Wenang pikeun ngangkat jabatan dina posisi nangtukeun kawijakan mangrupikeun peran konci pikeun gubernur. Platt keukeuh yén anjeunna kedah ditaroskeun ngeunaan pangangkatan jabatan anu penting; Roosevelt katingalina nurut, nanging saenyana mah anjeunna nyieun kaputusan sorangan. Para sejarawan héran kumaha Roosevelt bisa ngangkat sakitu lobana jalma-jalma kelas wahid kalayan persetujuan Platt. Anjeunna malah ménta tulung ka Platt pikeun ngamankeun réformasi, sapertos dina musim semi 1899, nalika Platt neken para sénator nagara bagian pikeun milih undang-undang layanan sipil anu disebut ku sekretaris Asosiasi Réformasi Layanan Sipil salaku "langkung punjul ti batan statute layanan sipil mana waé anu kantos aya di Amérika".{{Sfn|Chessman|1965|p=79}} Chessman boga pamandangan yén salaku gubernur, Roosevelt mekarkeun prinsip-prinsip anu ngawangun mangsa présidénna, utamana ngeunaan tanggung jawab publik korporasi badag, transparansi salaku ubar munggaran pikeun monopoli, pangaturan tarif karéta api, mediasi konflik modal jeung tanaga gawé, konservasi sumber daya alam, sarta panangtayungan ka jalma miskin.{{Sfn|Chessman|1965|p=6}} Roosevelt nyoba nempatkeun dirina di tengah-tengah, ngalawan kaleuwihan ti korporasi badag sarta gerakan radikal.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=322}} Salaku pamingpin eksekutif ti nagara bagian anu panglobana pangeusina, Roosevelt sacara lega dianggap salaku calon présidén anu poténsial, sarta para pangrojongna sapertos [[William Allen White]] nyorong anjeunna pikeun nyalonkeun diri.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=331–333}} Roosevelt teu boga minat pikeun nangtang McKinley dina nominasi taun 1900 sarta kahayangna pikeun ngajabat [[Sekretaris Perang]] ogé ditolak. Nalika mangsa jabatanana maju, Roosevelt mikirkeun pikeun nyalonkeun diri dina taun 1904, nanging masih cangcaya naha anjeunna kedah nyalonkeun deui janten gubernur dina taun 1900.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=333–334}} ===Wakil Présidén (1901)=== {{Main|Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1900}} Dina bulan Nopémber 1899, Wakil Présidén [[Garret Hobart]] pupus, sahingga aya lolongkrang keur posisi wakil dina tikét nasional Républik taun 1900. Sanajan Henry Cabot Lodge sarta nu sanésna ngadesek Roosevelt sangkan nyalonkeun diri janten wakil présidén dina taun 1900, Roosevelt ngaluarkeun pernyataan publik yén anjeunna moal nampi éta nominasi.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=333–334, 338}} Ku sabab hoyong leupas ti Roosevelt di New York, Platt tetep ngamimitian kampanye ngaliwatan surat kabar pikeun ngarojong nominasi Roosevelt.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=338}} Roosevelt ngahadiran [[Konvénsi Nasional Républik 1900]] salaku delegasi nagara bagian sarta ngayakeun kasapukan sareng Platt: Roosevelt bakal nampi nominasi upami konvénsi nawarkeun ka anjeunna, nanging upami henteu, anjeunna bakal neraskeun deui janten gubernur. Platt ménta bos partéy Pennsylvania [[Matthew Quay]] pikeun mingpin kampanye nominasi Roosevelt, sarta Quay hasil ngéléhkeun taktik [[Mark Hanna]] dina éta konvénsi pikeun nempatkeun Roosevelt dina tikét pencalonan.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=340–341}} Roosevelt kenging nominasi sacara mufakat (aklamasi).{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=342}} Kampanye Roosevelt salaku wakil présidén kabuktian kacida pinuh ku tanaga, nyalip gaya kampanye "barnstorming" (kampanye kaliling) ti calon présidén Démokrat William Jennings Bryan. Dina kampanye kilat anu némbongkeun tanagana ka masarakat, Roosevelt ngayakeun 480 titik panyimpangan di 23 nagara bagian. Anjeunna nyempad radikalisme Bryan, sarta ngabandingkeunana sareng kapahlawanan jalma-jalma anu meunang perang ngalawan Spanyol. Bryan sabenerna ngarojong pisan kana éta perang, nanging anjeunna nyempad anéksasi [[Filipina]] salaku tindakan [[imperialisme]]. Roosevelt ngawaler yén hal anu pangsaéna nyaéta pikeun urang [[Filipina]] miboga stabilitas sarta pikeun urang Amérika miboga tempat anu dipikareueus di dunya. Para pamilih masihan McKinley kameunangan anu langkung ageung dibandingkeun taun 1896.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=388–405}}<ref>John M. Hilpert, ''American Cyclone: Theodore Roosevelt and His 1900 Whistle-Stop Campaign'' (U Press of Mississippi, 2015).</ref> Roosevelt mimiti ngajabat janten wakil présidén dina bulan Maret 1901. Ieu jabatan téh saenyana mah saukur "jabatan ngeunaah" (sinecure) anu teu miboga kakawasaan nyata, sarta henteu cocog sareng watek Roosevelt anu agresif sarta resep gawé.<ref>{{Cite journal | first = G Wallace | last = Chessman | title = Theodore Roosevelt's Campaign Against the Vice-Presidency | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_historian_spring-1952_14_2/page/172 | journal = Historian | year = 1952 | volume = 14 | number = 2 | pages = 173–190 | doi=10.1111/j.1540-6563.1952.tb00132.x}}</ref> Genep bulan Roosevelt janten wakil présidén téh tiiseun pisan sarta matak bosen pikeun saurang jalma anu resep kana aksi nyata. Anjeunna teu miboga kakawasaan; anjeunna mingpin sési Sénat ngan ukur opat dinten sateuacan sési éta lekasan (resés).{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=346}} Dina 2 Séptémber 1901, Roosevelt munggaran mublikasikeun hiji [[apoftegma]] (paribasa) anu matak reueus para pangrojongna: "**[[Ideologi Big Stick|Ngomong kalayan lembut sarta bawa iteuk anu badag, sarta anjeun bakal hasil (maju jauh).]]**"<ref>{{cite news |last=Woltman |first=Nick |date=August 31, 2015 |title=Roosevelt's 'big stick' line at State Fair stuck...later |url=https://www.twincities.com/2015/08/31/roosevelts-big-stick-line-at-state-fair-stuck-later/ |work=[[Twin Cities Pioneer Press]] |access-date=June 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610043645/https://www.twincities.com/2015/08/31/roosevelts-big-stick-line-at-state-fair-stuck-later/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Mangsa Présidén (1901–1909)== {{Main|Mangsa Présidén Theodore Roosevelt}} [[File:Theodore Roosevelt by John Singer Sargent, 1903.jpg|thumb|Potrét resmi [[White House|Imah Bodas]] Roosevelt karya [[John Singer Sargent]] dina taun 1903]] Dina 6 Séptémber 1901, Présidén McKinley nuju ngahadiran [[Pan-American Exposition]] di [[Buffalo, New York]], nalika anjeunna [[Asasinasi William McKinley|ditémbak]] ku saurang anarkis [[Leon Czolgosz]]. Roosevelt, anu nuju pakansi di [[Isle La Motte, Vermont]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=74729|title=Theodore Roosevelt's Visit to Isle la Motte Historical Marker|access-date=February 22, 2022|archive-date=February 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222173837/https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=74729|url-status=live}}</ref> angkat ka Buffalo pikeun ngalongok McKinley di rumah sakit. Nalika McKinley katingalina nuju sakarat (saé deui), Roosevelt neraskeun deui pakansina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trsite.org/learn/the-day-of-the-inauguration|title=The Inauguration|access-date=February 22, 2022|archive-date=February 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222173838/https://www.trsite.org/learn/the-day-of-the-inauguration|url-status=live}}</ref> Nanging nalika kaayaan McKinley beuki parah, Roosevelt rurusuhan mulang deui ka Buffalo. Anjeunna nuju di [[North Creek, New York]] nalika nampi béja ngeunaan pupusna McKinley dina 14 Séptémber. Roosevelt tuluy neraskeun lalampahan ka Buffalo sarta [[Inaugurasi munggaran Theodore Roosevelt|dilantik janten présidén ka-26]] di Ansley Wilcox House (ayeuna [[Situs Sajarah Nasional Inaugurasi Theodore Roosevelt]]).{{sfn|Miller|1992|pp=348–352}} Para pangrojong McKinley ngarasa hariwang ka Roosevelt, utamana Sénator ti Ohio [[Mark Hanna]] anu kacida kuciwana, ngingetkeun kana perlawananana anu kuat dina mangsa konvénsi. Sanajan Roosevelt ngayakinkeun para pamingpin partéy yén anjeunna bakal neraskeun kawijakan McKinley sarta tetep ngagunakeun kabinét anu lami, anjeunna satekah polah netepkeun dirina salaku pamingpin partéy sarta nyiapkeun posisi pikeun pamilihan taun 1904.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=354–356}} Naékna Roosevelt janten présidén dipapag ku kahariwang ti kaom konservatif Républik, sakumaha anu dicatet ku sejarawan [[Doris Kearns Goodwin]]: {{blockquote|Kaom konservatif, anu parantos ngadominasi Partéy Républik salami tilu dékade, sieun yén ieu présidén ngora anu impulsif téh bakal jadi "kuda liar" (bucking bronco), anu bakal ngaruksak aliansi antara dunya usaha jeung pamaréntah anu parantos méré kamakmuran anu taya tandingna dina awal abad éta. Para réformis mah sabalikna, ngaharepkeun kapamingpinan Roosevelt anu motékar bakal ngarobah Partéy Républik janten kakuatan progresif sakumaha jaman Abraham Lincoln, anu narékahan pikeun nyebarkeun kamakmuran saluareun jalma-jalma beunghar ka rahayat biasa.{{Sfn|Goodwin|2013|p=279–280}}}} Nambahan kana hal éta, Kearns ogé nyatet yén: {{Blockquote|Salami karirna, Roosevelt parantos berjuang pikeun ngahijikeun kasatiaan ka partéy sareng dorongan pikeun nungkulan masalah sosial, hiji tindakan saimbang (balancing act) anu janten beuki hésé nalika aspék-aspék industrialisasi anu matak hariwang beuki parah. Sanajan anjeunna nganggap dirina konservatif upami dibandingkeun sareng kaom Populis, anjeunna yakin yén partéyna nuju dicekel ku kaom réaksionér anu sakitu "sieunna ku radikalisme" sahingga maranéhna "teu percaya kana sagala hal anu sipatna progresif." Justru jalma-jalma sapertos kitu anu ngadominasi kadua kamar di Kongrés, ceuk Roosevelt. Anjeunna bakal digawé pikeun "nyorong" maranéhna maju, nanging anjeunna sadar yén kamajuan anu nyata peryogi pangajak langsung ka rahayat, "dunungan urang duaan." Pikeun ngahontal masarakat umum, anjeunna bakal ngagunakeun jinis wartawan indepénden anyar, anu tanpa "rojongan aktip" maranéhna, anjeunna engkéna ngaku yén anjeunna "moal miboga kakuatan naon-naon."{{Sfn|Goodwin|2013|p=281}}}} Teu lami saatos ngajabat, Roosevelt ngondang [[Booker T. Washington]] pikeun tuang wengi di Imah Bodas, anu nimbulkeun réaksi keras ti sakuliah wilayah Kidul anu masih keneh kandel ku segregasi ras.<ref>Dewey W. Grantham, "Dinner at the White House: Theodore Roosevelt, Booker T. Washington, and the South." ''Tennessee Historical Quarterly'' (1958) 17.2: 112–130 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/42621372 online].</ref> Sanajan awalna Roosevelt ngarencanakeun langkung seueur tuang wengi sareng Washington, anjeunna engkéna nyingkahan ondangan salajengna sarta langkung milih rapat-rapat bisnis demi ngajaga rojongan politik di wilayah Kidul (urang bodas).{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=422–423}}{{Sfn|Morris|2001|p=58}} ===Kawijakan domestik: The Square Deal=== {{Further|Square Deal}} ====Trust busting (merangan monopoli) sarta régulasi==== Roosevelt dipuji salaku "trust-buster" (pangancur monopoli) alatan tindakana anu agrésif dina ngagunakeun [[Undang-undang Antitrust Sherman]] taun 1890, upami dibandingkeun sareng para présidén sateuacanna.{{sfn|Ruddy|2016}} Anjeunna nganggap bisnis skala badag téh penting pikeun ékonomi Amérika, nanging anjeunna ngan nungtut "bad trusts" (monopoli jahat) anu ngawatesan perdagangan sarta nangtukeun harga anu teu adil.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=365–366}} Roosevelt ngajukeun 44 tungtutan antitrust, kaasup ngabubarkeun [[Northern Securities Company]], monopoli karéta api pangbadagna, sarta ngatur [[Standard Oil]], pausahaan minyak pangbadagna.{{sfn|Ruddy|2016}} Sabalikna, para présidén sateuacanna sapertos Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland, sarta William McKinley, upami digabungkeun ngan saukur nungtut 18 palanggaran antitrust.{{sfn|Ruddy|2016}} Saatos kenging sora mayoritas dina [[Pamilihan Amérika Serikat 1902]], Roosevelt ngusulkeun pangbentukan [[Departemén Perdagangan sareng Tanaga Gawé Amérika Serikat]], anu di jerona kalebet [[Biro Korporasi]]. Kongrés nampi éta departemén, nanging cangcaya kana kawasa antitrust anu dipihoyong ku Roosevelt di jero éta biro. Roosevelt tuluy ménta dukungan langsung ti masarakat pikeun neken Kongrés, sahingga ahirna Kongrés ngaluluskeun éta rancangan undang-undang luyu sareng kahayang Roosevelt.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=378–381}} Ketua Déwan Perwakilan Rakyat (House Speaker) [[Joseph Gurney Cannon]] méré koméntar kana kahayang Roosevelt pikeun ngontrol cabang éksekutif: "Éta jalma di tungtung jalan ditu téh hayang sagalana, ti mimiti lahirna Kristus nepi ka maotna sétan." Panulis biografi Brands nyatet, "Malah babaturanana ogé sakapeung mah héran naha aya kabiasaan atanapi prakték anu sakitu leutikna nepi ka kudu diatur, diropéa, atanapi dironjatkeun ku anjeunna."{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=552–553}} Kawani Roosevelt dina ngagunakeun kakawasaan nepi ka nyabak urusan parobahan aturan dina [[Football Amérika]], maksa diteraskeunana kelas béla diri di [[Akademi Angkatan Laut AS]], ngarobah aturan disiplin, ngarobah desain koin anu teu dipikaresep ku anjeunna, sarta maréntahkeun panyederhanaan éjahan pikeun 300 kecap, sanajan anu pamungkas mah dibatalkeun saatosna diheureuykeun ku pers sarta diprotés ku DPR.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=553–556}} ====Mogok tambang batu bara==== {{main|Mogok batu bara 1902}} Dina bulan Méi 1902, para [[United Mine Workers|panambang batu bara antrasit]] ngayakeun aksi mogok, anu ngancam ayana kakurangan énergi nasional. Saatos ngancam para pangusaha batu bara ku pasukan féderal, Roosevelt hasil ngayakinkeun maranéhna sangkan méréskeun pasualanna ngaliwatan arbitrase ku hiji komisi, sahingga aksi mogokna eureun. Kasapukan sareng [[J. P. Morgan]] ngahasilkeun dironjatkeunana gajih panambang sarta jam gawé anu langkung saeutik, nanging serikat buruhna tetep teu diaku sacara resmi.{{Sfn|Harbaugh|1963|pp= 165–179}}{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=450–483}} Roosevelt nyarios, "Tindakan kuring dina urusan tanaga gawé kudu salawasna dianggap aya patalina jeung tindakan kuring dina urusan modal, sarta duanana bisa disimpulkeun kana rumus paporit kuring—kasapukan anu adil (square deal) pikeun unggal jalma."{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=509}} Anjeunna mangrupikeun présidén munggaran anu milu méréskeun pasulayan tanaga gawé.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=376–377}} ====Nindak kalakuan teu bener==== Salami taun kadua Roosevelt ngajabat, korupsi kaungkab di [[Biro Urusan India]], [[Kantor Pertanahan Umum Amérika Serikat]], sarta [[Departemén Kantor Pos Amérika Serikat]]. Anjeunna nungtut para agén India korup anu parantos nipu [[Suku Asli Amérika]] tina lahan-lahanna. Penipuan lahan sarta spékulasi anu ngalibetkeun leuweung kai di Oregon ngabalukarkeun anjeunna sareng [[Ethan A. Hitchcock (Interior)|Ethan A. Hitchcock]] maksa Komisaris Kantor Pertanahan Umum [[Binger Hermann]] turun tina jabatanna dina bulan Nopémber 1902. Jaksa husus [[Francis J. Heney]] kenging 146 dakwaan dina kasus suap di Kantor Pertanahan Oregon.{{Sfn|Chambers|1974|p=207}} Roosevelt ogé nungtut 44 pagawé pos dina kasus suap sarta penipuan.{{Sfn|Chambers|1974|p=208}} Para sejarawan sapuk yén anjeunna parantos méré tindakan "gancang sarta tegas" dina nungkulan kalakuan teu bener di jero pamaréntahanana.{{Sfn|Chambers|1974|p=209}} ====Karéta Api==== {{Main|Hepburn Act}} Para padagang ngangluh yén sababaraha tarif karéta api luhur teuing. Dina [[Undang-undang Hepburn]] 1906, Roosevelt narékahan pikeun méré kakuatan ka [[Komisi Perdagangan Antar-Nagara Bagian]] (ICC) pikeun ngatur tarif, nanging Sénat anu dipingpin ku tokoh konservatif [[Nelson Aldrich]] ngalawan. Roosevelt gawé bareng jeung Sénator Démokrat [[Benjamin Tillman]] pikeun ngaluluskeun éta undang-undang. Maranéhna ahirna nepi ka hiji kompromi anu méré kakuatan ka ICC pikeun ngaganti tarif anu aya ku tarif maksimum anu "adil-jeung-mawa-akal", bari ngidinan pausahaan karéta api pikeun ngajukeun banding ka pangadilan féderal ngeunaan naon anu disebut "mawa akal" (reasonable).{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=453–459}}{{sfn|Blum|1977|pp=89–117}} Undang-undang Hepburn ogé méré kakuatan régulasi ka ICC kana biaya pipa saluran, kontrak gudang, sarta aspék séjén tina operasional karéta api.{{Sfn|Morris|2001|pp=445–448}} ====Kadaharan sarta ubat-ubatan anu murni==== Roosevelt ngaréspon amarah publik ngeunaan prakték curang dina industri pangolahan kadaharan ku cara ngadesek Kongrés sangkan ngesahkeun [[Undang-undang Inspeksi Daging]] 1906 sarta [[Undang-undang Kadaharan sarta Ubat Murni]]. Kaom konservatif mimitina nolak, nanging buku ''[[The Jungle]]'' karya [[Upton Sinclair]] anu dipedarkeun taun 1906 hasil ngahudangkeun rojongan pikeun réformasi.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=459–460}} Undang-undang Inspeksi Daging ngalarang labél anu nyasabkeun sarta [[bahan pangawét]] nu miboga bahan kimia bahaya. Undang-undang Kadaharan sarta Ubat Murni ngalarang dijieun, dijual, sarta dikirimna kadaharan jeung ubat-ubatan anu teu murni atanapi anu labélna palsu. Roosevelt ogé ngajabat salaku présidén honorér [[Asosiasi Higiénis Sakola Amérika]] ti 1907 dugi ka 1908 sarta ngayakeun Konferénsi Imah Bodas munggaran ngeunaan Pangurus Budak dina taun 1909. ====Konservasi==== {{Main|Mangsa Présidén Theodore Roosevelt#Konservasi}} [[File:President Theodore Roosevelt Driving Through the Wawona Tunnel Tree, in Yellowstone National Park (14994749857).jpg|thumb|Roosevelt nuju nyupiran ngaliwatan torowongan tangkal [[Sequoia raksasa|sequoia]]]] Roosevelt kacida reueusna ku karyana dina ngajaga (konservasi) sumber daya alam sarta ngalegaan panangtayungan féderal pikeun lahan jeung sato liar.{{sfn|Bakari|2016}} Anjeunna gawé bareng raket jeung Sekretaris Interior [[James Rudolph Garfield]] sarta Kepala Dinas Leuweung Amérika Serikat [[Gifford Pinchot]] pikeun ngajalankeun runtuyan program konservasi anu meunang tantangan ti anggota Kongrés wilayah Kulon, sapertos [[Charles William Fulton]].{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=469–471}} Sanajan kitu, Roosevelt hasil ngadegkeun [[Dinas Leuweung Amérika Serikat]], nandatanganan pangwangunan lima [[Taman Nasional (Amérika Serikat)|Taman Nasional]], sarta nandatanganan [[Undang-undang Barang Antik]] 1906, anu dipaké ku anjeunna pikeun netepkeun 18 [[Monumén Nasional AS]] anyar. Anjeunna ogé ngadegkeun 51 [[suaka manuk]] munggaran, opat [[pangraksa sato liar]], sarta 150 [[Leuweung Nasional Amérika Serikat]]. Lega wilayah Amérika Serikat anu ditepkeun ku anjeunna dina panangtayungan publik totalna sakitar {{convert|230|e6acre|km2|sp=us|abbr=off}}.{{sfn|Brinkley|2009}} Roosevelt loba pisan ngagunakeun [[Paréntah éksekutif (Amérika Serikat)|paréntah éksekutif]] pikeun nangtayungan leuweung sarta lahan sato liar salami mangsa présidénna. Dina ahir periode kaduana, Roosevelt parantos ngagunakeun paréntah éksekutif pikeun nyadangkeun {{convert|150|e6acre|km2|sigfig=1|abbr=off|sp=us}} lahan perhutanan. Roosevelt teu asa-asa dina ngagunakeun paréntah éksekutif pikeun nangtayungan lingkungan, sanajan Kongrés nganggap anjeunna parantos ngalunju teuing kana seueur lahan. Ahirna, Sénator [[Charles William Fulton]] nyelipkeun amandémén kana undang-undang anggaran tatanén anu ngahalangan présidén pikeun nyadangkeun lahan leuwih loba deui. Sateuacan nandatanganan éta undang-undang, Roosevelt gancang-gancang netepkeun [[leuweung tengah peuting|21 cadangan leuweung tambahan]], nungguan nepi ka detik-detik terakhir sateuacan anjeunna nandatanganan undang-undang éta janten hukum. Sacara total, Roosevelt ngaluarkeun 1.081 paréntah éksekutif, langkung seueur ti présidén mana waé sateuacanna. ====Kepanikan bisnis 1907==== {{Further|Kepanikan 1907}} [[File:Theodore Roosevelt by Harris & Ewing Studio, 1907.jpg|thumb|Potrét Roosevelt taun 1907 karya [[Harris & Ewing]]]] Dina taun 1907, Roosevelt nyanghareupan krisis ékonomi domestik pangbadagna ti saprak [[Kepanikan 1893]]. Pasar saham Wall Street anjlog dina awal 1907, sarta seueur investor anu nyalahkeun kawijakan régulasi Roosevelt salaku cukang lantaran turunna harga saham.{{Sfn|Morris|2001|pp=495–496}} Roosevelt ahirna ngabantu niiskeun krisis ku cara ngayakeun rapat jeung para pamingpin [[U.S. Steel]] dina 4 Nopémber 1907, sarta nyatujuan rencana maranéhna pikeun meuli pausahaan baja Tennessee anu ampir bangkrut—anu upami gagal bakal ngancurkeun bank badag di New York.{{sfn|Gould|2011|p=239}} Nanging, dina bulan Agustus, Roosevelt ngamuk ka jalma-jalma nu beunghar pisan alatan kasalahan ékonomi maranéhna, bari nyebut maranéhna salaku "**malefactors of great wealth**" (palaku kajahatan tina kabeungharan badag) dina biantara pentingna, "The Puritan Spirit and the Regulation of Corporations". Nalika nyoba mulangkeun kapercayaan, anjeunna nyalahkeun Éropa salaku sabab utama krisis, nanging saatos muji kajujuran kaom Puritan, anjeunna neraskeun: {{Blockquote|Bisa jadi kaputusan pamaréntah... pikeun ngahukum sababaraha palaku kajahatan tina kabeungharan badag (malefactors of great wealth), mémang miboga pangaruh kana ieu kaributan; sahenteuna dina hal anu ngabalukarkeun ieu jalma-jalma ngahiji pikeun nyiptakeun tekenan finansial sabisa-bisa, sangkan bisa ngaruksak ngaran kawijakan pamaréntah sarta ahirna bisa ngabatalkeun éta kawijakan, sangkan maranéhna bisa terus ngarasakeun hasil tina kajahatanana tanpa kaganggu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Roosevelt |first=Theodore |editor-first=Hermann |editor-last=Hagedorn |title=The Works of Theodore Roosevelt |volume=18 - American Problems |date=1925 |publisher=[[Scribner & Sons]] |page=99}}</ref>}} Ngeunaan jalma anu beunghar pisan, Roosevelt sacara pribadi nyapéléké maranéhna, bari nyebut "maranéhna téh kacida teu pantesna pikeun mingpin nagara, sarta ... karuksakan langgeng anu dijieun ku maranéhna ngaliwatan naon anu dianggap ku maranéhna salaku operasi bisnis badag anu sah dina mangsa ayeuna". Lumangsung.{{Sfn|Chambers|1974|p=215}} Dina taun 1906, saatos lumangsungna pamilihan anu dicarékéun, aya panyimpangan (insurréksi) di Kuba; Roosevelt ngirim Taft, Sekretaris Perang harita, pikeun ngawaskeun kaayaan; Roosevelt yakin yén anjeunna miboga wewenang sacara sapihak pikeun ngidinan Taft ngirimkeun pasukan Marinir, upami diperyogikeun, tanpa kedah aya persetujuan ti Kongrés.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=570}} Nalika mariksa karya ti sababaraha sarjana, Ricard ngalaporkeun yén: {{Blockquote|Parobahan anu pangmédokna dina historiografi Theodore Roosevelt di abad ka-21 nyaéta pindahna sawangan tina tuduhan sawaréh salaku tokoh impérialis janten pujian anu méh mufakat salaku diplomat ulung.... [Karya-karya anyar] parantos negeskeun kalayan mernah ngeunaan kamampuh Roosevelt anu luar biasa dina ngawangun "hubungan husus" anu nembe mekar di awal abad ka-20. ...Reputasi présidén ka-26 salaku diplomat anu brilian sarta politikus nyata (real politician) parantos nepi ka tingkat anu anyar di abad ka-21... nanging, kawijakanana di Filipina masih kénéh nampi rupa-rupa kritik.{{sfn|Ricard|2014}}}} Dina 6 Nopémber 1906, Roosevelt janten présidén munggaran anu angkat kaluar ti daratan utama Amérika Serikat dina hiji lalampahan diplomatik resmi. Roosevelt ngayakeun lalampahan salami 17 dinten ka Panama sarta Puérto Riko.<ref name="Forslund">{{cite web |last1=Forslund |first1=Catherine |title="Off for the Ditch" - Theodore and Edith Roosevelt Visit Panama in 1906 |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/off-for-the-ditch |publisher=[[White House Historical Association]] |access-date=January 14, 2024 |date=2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Presidential and Secretaries Travels Abroad - Theodore Roosevelt |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/roosevelt-theodore |publisher=Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, [[United States Department of State]] |access-date=January 14, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Thomas |first1=Heather |title=Theodore Roosevelt: A President of "Firsts" |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/headlinesandheroes/2020/06/theodore-roosevelt-a-president-of-firsts/ |access-date=January 14, 2024 |date=June 4, 2020 |quote=The first president to leave the country during his time in office—On November 9, 1906, Roosevelt embarks from the Chesapeake Bay aboard the U.S.S. Louisiana to inspect the construction of the Panama Canal,}}</ref> Anjeunna nganjang ka lokasi pangwangunan Terusan Panama sarta ngahadiran rupa-rupa resépsi diplomatik boh di Panama atanapi di Puérto Riko.<ref name="Forslund"/> ===Média=== [[File:Go Away Little Man Charles Green Bush.jpg|thumb|Karikatur taun 1903, "Go Away, Little Man, and Don't Bother Me", anu ngagambarkeun Roosevelt nuju nyingsieunan [[Kolombia]] pikeun meunangkeun [[Zona Terusan Panama]]]] Nuluykeun cara McKinley anu éféktif dina ngagunakeun pers, Roosevelt ngajadikeun Imah Bodas (White House) salaku puseur béja unggal poé, bari nyadiakeun kasempetan wawancara sarta poto. Saatos ningali para wartawan anu kumpul di luar Imah Bodas bari kahujanan dina hiji poé, anjeunna masihan hiji rohangan husus di jero pikeun maranéhna, anu sacara éféktif jadi mimitina ayana [[Konferénsi pers|press briefing]] présidén. Pihak pers anu ngarasa nganuhunkeun alatan dibéré aksés anu luar biasa ka Imah Bodas, males ku cara méré liputan anu lega ka Roosevelt.<ref name="american chronicle">Robert Rouse (2006). "Happy Anniversary to the first scheduled presidential press conference—93 years young!". American Chronicle.</ref> Salian ti kasus Fitnah Roosevelt-Panama, Roosevelt biasana miboga hubungan anu raket pisan jeung pihak pers. Nalika keur teu ngajabat, anjeunna milari napakah salaku panulis sarta é ditor majalah. Anjeunna resep diskusi sareng para intelektual, sastrawan, sarta panulis. Nanging, anjeunna méré watesan anu tegas ka para wartawan anu resep ngungkit-ngungkit skandal (exposé-oriented) anu dina mangsa jabatanna nyieun oplas majalah naék drastis alatan narajang para politikus, walikota, sarta korporasi anu korup. Roosevelt nyalira biasana mah henteu janten targét, nanging hiji biantara anjeunna dina taun 1906 nyiptakeun istilah "**[[muckraker]]**" pikeun para wartawan anu teu boga étika sarta sok nyieun tuduhan sawenang-wenang.<ref>Weinberg, Arthur & Weinberg, Lila Shaffer (1961). "The Muckrakers". University of Illinois Press.</ref> ===Pamilihan 1904=== {{Main|Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1904}} [[File:ElectoralCollege1904.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|Hasil Electoral College dina pamilihan 1904]] Saatos kakawasaan Thomas Platt mimiti luntur, Roosevelt ampir teu miboga lawan anu hartosna pikeun nominasi taun 1904.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=437–438}} Pikeun ngahormatan para pangrojong konservatif [[Mark Hanna]], Roosevelt mimitina nawarkeun jabatan ketua partéy ka [[Cornelius Bliss]], nanging anjeunna nolak. Roosevelt tuluy milih jalma kapercayaanana nyalira, [[George B. Cortelyou]] ti New York, Sekretaris Perdagangan sarta Tanaga Gawé anu munggaran. Pikeun nguatkeun posisina dina nominasi partéy, Roosevelt negeskeun yén saha waé anu ngalawan Cortelyou bakal dianggap ngalawan Présidén.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=501–503}} Présidén hasil ngamankeun nominasi dirina, nanging calon wakil présidén pilihanana, [[Robert R. Hitt]], henteu kapilih jadi nominé.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=504}} Sénator [[Charles W. Fairbanks|Charles Warren Fairbanks]] ti Indiana, anu jadi paporit kaom konservatif, anu tungtungna meunang nominasi éta.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=437–438}} Nalika Roosevelt nuturkeun tradisi petahana (incumbent) anu henteu milu kampanye langsung di lapangan (on the stump), anjeunna nyoba ngontrol talatah kampanye ngaliwatan paréntah husus ka Cortelyou. Anjeunna ogé nyoba ngatur kumaha pers ngaluarkeun pernyataan Imah Bodas ku cara ngabentuk "**Ananias Club**". Saha waé wartawan anu ngulang pernyataan présidén tanpa idin bakal dihukum ku cara diwatesan aksésna ka hareupna.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=507}} Calon ti Partéy Démokrat dina taun 1904 nyaéta [[Alton B. Parker|Alton Brooks Parker]]. Surat kabar Démokrat nuding yén urang Républik nuju meres kontribusi kampanye anu badag tina korporasi-korporasi, sarta nyebut yén tanggung jawab utama aya di Roosevelt nyalira.{{Sfn|Chambers|1974|pp=215–216}} Roosevelt nolak tuduhan korupsi éta, bari dina waktu anu sarua maréntahkeun Cortelyou pikeun mulangkeun duit $100.000 tina kontribusi kampanye ti [[Standard Oil]].{{Sfn|Chambers|1974|p=216}} Parker nyebut yén Roosevelt nampi sumbangan korporasi sangkan inpormasi anu ngarugikeun ti [[Biro Korporasi]] henteu diumumkeun ka publik.{{Sfn|Chambers|1974|p=216}} Roosevelt sacara tegas nolak tuduhan Parker sarta ngajawab yén anjeunna bakal "ngalaksanakeun jabatan Présidén tanpa kabeungkeut ku jangji, sumpah, atanapi kasapukan naon waé...".{{Sfn|Chambers|1974|pp=216–217}} Nanging, tuduhan ti Parker sarta Démokrat henteu miboga pangaruh badag kana pamilihan, sabab Roosevelt jangji bakal méré unggal urang Amérika hiji "**[[Square Deal|square deal]]**" (kasapukan anu adil).{{Sfn|Chambers|1974|pp=216–217}} Roosevelt meunang 56% sora rahayat (popular vote) dibandingkeun Parker anu ngan 38%, sarta meunang sora [[Electoral College (Amérika Serikat)|Electoral College]] 336 lawan 140. Sateuacan [[Inaugurasi kadua Theodore Roosevelt|upacara pelantikanana]], Roosevelt nyatakeun yén anjeunna moal nyalonkeun deui dina période salajengna.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=513–514}} ===Période Kadua=== Nalika période kaduana jalan, Roosevelt mimiti pindah ka haluan kénca ti basis Partéy Républikna sarta ngusulkeun runtuyan réformasi, anu sabagéan badag gagal diluluskeun ku Kongrés. Pangaruh Roosevelt mimiti luntur nalika ngadeukeutan ahir période kaduana, ditambah ku janji anjeunna moal nyalonkeun deui, sarta konséntrasi kakawasaanana nimbulkeun réaksi keras ti seueur anggota Kongrés.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=463–464}} Anjeunna ngusahakeun undang-undang pangbadagan korporasi nasional, nungtut ayana [[Pajeg panghasilan di Amérika Serikat|pajeg panghasilan]] féderal, sarta pajeg warisan. Roosevelt ogé nungtut watesan kana pamakéan paréntah pangadilan (injunctions) ngalawan serikat buruh nalika mogok. Anjeunna hoyong aya undang-undang tanggung jawab dunungan pikeun kacilakaan industri sarta dalapan jam gawé pikeun pagawé féderal. Dina widang séjén, anjeunna ogé ngusahakeun sistem tabungan pos (pikeun méré saingan ka bank lokal), sarta ménta undang-undang réformasi kampanye.{{sfn|Ricard|2011|pp=160–166}} Pamilihan 1904 terus janten sumber perdebatan antara Républik sareng Démokrat. Hiji panalungtikan Kongrés dina taun 1905 ngungkabkeun yén para eksekutif korporasi nyumbang puluhan rébu dolar dina taun 1904 ka Komite Nasional Républik. Dina taun 1908, sabulan sateuacan pamilihan présidén umum, Gubernur [[Charles N. Haskell]] ti Oklahoma nyebutkeun yén para sénator anu aya dina pangaruh Standard Oil neken Roosevelt, dina usum panas 1904, pikeun ngidinan nyéwakeun lahan minyak milik suku India ka anak pausahaan Standard Oil. Anjeunna nyebut Roosevelt ngabolaykeun kaputusan Sekretaris Interiorna sarta méré ijin jalur pipa ngaliwatan [[Bangsa Osage|lahan Osage]] ka Prairie Oil and Gas Company. Surat kabar New York ''Sun'' nyieun tuduhan sarupa sarta nyebut yén Standard Oil parantos nyumbang $150.000 ka urang Républik dina taun 1904 saatos ayana kaputusan Roosevelt éta. Roosevelt nyebut tuduhan Haskell salaku "bohông saenyana".{{Sfn|Chambers|1974|p=219}} ====Rétorika kabeneran==== Rétorika Roosevelt dicirian ku moralisme anu kuat ngeunaan kabeneran pribadi (personal righteousness).{{Sfn|Dorsey|2003}}{{Sfn|Hawley|2008}} Nada ieu katingali tina panyempadna kana "kabeungharan prédator" (predatory wealth) dina talatah anu dikirimkeun ka Kongrés dina Januari 1908 pikeun ngadesek diluluskeunana undang-undang tanaga gawé anu anyar: {{Blockquote|Kabeungharan prédator--nyaéta kabeungharan anu dikumpulkeun dina skala raksasa ngaliwatan sagala rupa bentuk kajahatan, mimitian tina nindés pagawé upahan nepi ka cara-cara anu teu adil sarta teu séhat pikeun mareuman saingan, sarta nipu publik ku cara manipulasi saham sarta sekuritas. Jalma-jalma beunghar tina jinis ieu, anu kalakuanana kudu dianggap hina ku unggal jalma anu miboga haté nurani anu bener, sarta anu geus ngalakukeun kasalahan gedé ku cara ngajar para pamuda urang yén kasuksésan bisnis anu luar biasa téh kudu dumasar kana kateujujuran, dina sababaraha bulan terakhir ieu geus némbongkeun yén maranéhna geus ngahiji pikeun ngayakeun réaksi. Usaha maranéhna nyaéta pikeun ngagubragkeun sarta ngaruksak ngaran sakabéh jalma anu ngajalankeun hukum kalayan jujur, pikeun nyegah ayana panerapan tambahan anu bakal ngahalangan maranéhna, sarta pikeun meunangkeun kabébasan tina sagala rupa watesan anu bakal ngidinan unggal palaku kajahatan anu teu miboga étika pikeun ngalakukeun naon waé anu dipihoyongna salami maranéhna miboga cukup duit.... Cara-cara anu digunakeun ku urang Standard Oil sarta maranéhna anu kalibet dina kombinasi séjénna... ngan bisa diyakinkeun ku cara ngadukung sistem moralitas anu ogé bakal ngayakinkeun sagala rupa bentuk kriminalitas ti pihak serikat buruh, sarta sagala rupa bentuk kekerasan, korupsi, sarta penipuan, mimiti tina rajapati nepi ka suap sarta kacurangan kotak suara dina politik.{{Sfn|Roosevelt|1908}}}} ===Roosevelt sarta masalah rasial=== {{Further|Tuang wengi Booker T. Washington di Imah Bodas|Kajadian Brownsville|Posisi politik Theodore Roosevelt#Hubungan ras}} Dina taun 1890 nepi ka 1919, lumangsung panurunan anu seukeut—hiji "nadir" (titik panghandapna)—dina status politik sarta sosial warga Amérika katurunan Afrika boh di wilayah Kidul atanapi di Kalér. Dina sisi positipna, Roosevelt ngasupkeun prajurit kulit hideung kana unit Rough Rider-na dina taun 1898. Anjeunna ogé ngondang tokoh utama kulit hideung, [[Booker T. Washington]], pikeun tuang wengi di Imah Bodas dina Oktober 1901, sarta rutin ménta nasehat Washington ngeunaan kumaha cara ngabagi jabatan patronase ka urang Républik kulit hideung. Nanging, beuki lila anjeunna beuki ngadukung kana tren panurunan kasebut. Salami kunjungan ka wilayah Kidul dina taun 1905, anjeunna ngélingan para pamilih katurunan Afrika sangkan nampi "**supremasi kulit bodas**" sarta agul ka urang bodas yén indungna téh asalna ti Georgia. Di tengah période kaduana, Présidén ngabubarkeun sakabéh batalyon prajurit kulit hideung anu dianggap sakongkol sarta nolak nurut kana paréntahna pikeun ngalaporkeun ngaran-ngaran prajurit anu narajang warga sipil kulit bodas dina [[Kajadian Brownsville|Kajadian Brownsville, Téxas]]. Dina taun 1912, nalika ngadegkeun [[Bull Moose Party|Partéy Bull Moose]], anjeunna ngan ngerahkeun urang bodas di wilayah Kidul, sedengkeun Présidén Taft ngerahkeun duanana ras di dinya. ==Pasca-kaprésidénan (1909–1919)== ===Pamilihan 1908=== {{Main|Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1908}} Roosevelt mikaresep janten présidén nanging yakin yén watesan période jabatan téh mangrupikeun pangahalang tina diktator. Anjeunna mutuskeun pikeun nuhunan jangjina dina taun 1904 pikeun henteu nyalonkeun deui dina période katilu. Sanajan anjeunna leuwih milih Sekretaris Nagara [[Elihu Root]] salaku gagantina, kaayaan kaséhatan Root anu kirang saé ngajadikeun anjeunna teu cocog. Gubernur New York [[Charles Evans Hughes]] mangrupikeun calon anu kuat sarta miboga sumanget progresivisme anu sarua jeung Roosevelt, nanging Roosevelt nganggap Hughes teuing indepénden. Anjeunna ahirna milih Sekretaris Perangna, [[William Howard Taft]], anu parantos janten réjangna saprak 1890 sarta salawasna ngadukung kawijakan Roosevelt.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=483–485}} Roosevelt kacida hayongna nempatkeun gaganti pilihanna, sarta nyerat ka Taft: "Will nu bageur: Naha anjeun hayang kuring méré tindakan ka para pajabat féderal éta? Kuring bakal mileykeun beuheung maranéhna kalayan bungah pisan upami anjeun nyarios!" Sababaraha minggu saatosna, anjeunna nyebut "palsu sarta jahat" kana tuduhan yén anjeunna ngagunakeun jabatanna pikeun nguntungkeun Taft.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=626}} Dina konvénsi Républik 1908, seueur anu ngagorowok "opat taun deui" pikeun Roosevelt, nanging Taft kenging nominasi saatos Henry Cabot Lodge negeskeun yén Roosevelt mémang henteu minat.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=488–489}} Dina pamilihan 1908, Taft kalayan gampang ngéléhkeun calon Démokrat [[William Jennings Bryan]]. Taft ngamajukeun progresivisme anu nekenkeun kana aturan hukum; anjeunna leuwih milih hakim, lain politikus, anu nyieun kaputusan ngeunaan kaadilan. Nanging, Taft kabuktian kurang parigel dina politik dibandingkeun Roosevelt, kurang miboga tanaga, karisma pribadi, sarta rojongan publik anu ngajadikeun Roosevelt sakitu kuatna. Nalika Roosevelt sadar yén nurunkeun tarif bakal nyiptakeun tegangan di jero Partéy Républik, anjeunna eureun nyarioskeun hal éta. Taft, bari teu maliré kana résiko, neken pasualan tarif kalayan wani, anu ngahasilkeun [[Tarif Payne-Aldrich]] 1909, anu ahirna ngajauhkeun para réformis ti sagala sisi. Nalika krisis nuju mekar di jero Partéy, Roosevelt nuju lalampahan ka Afrika sarta Éropa, méré lolongkrang ka Taft. ===Afrika sarta Éropa (1909–1910)=== [[File:Roosevelt safari elephant.jpg|thumb|Roosevelt keur ngadeg di gigireun gajah beunang némbakna nalika safari di [[Afrika]]]] Dina Maret 1909, tilas présidén éta mangkat pikeun miluan [[Ékspédisi Afrika Smithsonian-Roosevelt]].<ref name="Science1908">"President Roosevelt's African Trip". Science (1908).</ref> Rombongan Roosevelt badarat di [[Mombasa]], [[Afrika Wétan Britania]], tuluy lumampah ka [[Kongo bélgia]] sateuacan nyusur Walungan Nil ka [[Khartoum]] di nagara [[Sudan]] ayeuna. Kalayan dukungan dana anu gedé ti [[Andrew Carnegie]] sarta tina hasil tulisanana sorangan, romongan Roosevelt moro rupa-rupa spésimén pikeun [[Smithsonian Institution]] sarta [[Museum sajarah Alam Amérika]].<ref name="SIA">"Roosevelt African Expedition Collects for SI". Smithsonian Institution Archives.</ref> Ieu grup dipingpin ku pangalun (hunter-tracker) R.J. Cunninghame, kaasup para élmuwan ti Smithsonian, sarta dibarengan ku [[Frederick Selous]], saurang pamburu sato badag sarta penjelajah kawentar. Peserta liana nyaéta [[Kermit Roosevelt]], [[Edgar Alexander Mearns]], [[Edmund Heller]], sarta [[John Alden Loring]]. Ieu tim hasil maéhan atawa néwak 11.400 sato,<ref name="SIA" /> ti mimiti serangga sarta beurit nepi ka kuda nil sarta gajah. Tina 1.000 sato badag, aya 512 sato pamburu (big game), kaasup genep [[Badak bodas]] anu langka. Beratna bangké sarta kulit sato anu parantos diawétkeun ku uyah dikirim ka Washington; peryogi mangtaun-taun pikeun nyusun éta kabéh. Ngeunaan jumlah sato anu kacida lobana éta, Roosevelt nyarios, "Kuring ngan bisa disalahkeun upami ayana [[Muséum Nasional Sajarah Alam]], Muséum Sajarah Alam Amérika, sarta sakabéh lembaga zoologi sarupa ogé dianggap salah".{{Sfn|O'Toole|2005|p=67}} Anjeunna nyerat catetan lengkep ngeunaan ieu lalampahan dina buku ''African Game Trails''. Saatos safari, Roosevelt lumampah ka kalér pikeun ngayakeun tur ka Éropa. Panyimpangan munggaran nyaéta di Mesir, di dinya anjeunna masihan koméntar positip ngeunaan pamaréntahan Britania, bari nyebutkeun yén Mesir tacan siap pikeun merdéka.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=505}} Anjeunna nolak pendak sareng [[Paus Pius X]] alatan ayana papaséaan ngeunaan grup [[Métodis]] anu aktif di Roma. Anjeunna ogé pendak sareng Kaisar [[Franz Joseph]] ti [[Austria-Hungaria]], Kaisar [[Wilhelm II]] ti Jérman, Raja [[George V]] ti Britania Raya, sarta pamingpin liana. Di Oslo, Roosevelt masihan biantara anu nungtut ayana watesan pakarang angkatan laut, panguatan [[Pangadilan Arbitrase Permanén]], sarta pangbentukan "Liga Perdamaian" di antara kakuatan dunya.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=505–509}} Anjeunna masihan Kuliah Romanes di Oxford, di dinya anjeunna nyempad jalma-jalma anu nyoba nyaruakeun évolusi sato jeung kamekaran masarakat.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=511}} Sanajan Roosevelt nyoba nyingkahan politik domestik, anjeunna sacara rerencepan pendak sareng [[Gifford Pinchot]], anu nyaritakeun kuciwana ka [[Pamaréntahan Taft]]. Roosevelt mulang ka AS dina Juni 1910. Opat bulan saatosna, Roosevelt janten présidén AS munggaran anu naék pesawat, ngalayang salami 4 menit dina pesawat rancangan [[Wright bersaudara]]. ===Hubungan Husus (Great Rapprochement) sareng Britania Raya=== [[Great Rapprochement]] nyaéta titik temu tujuan diplomatik, politik, militer, sarta ékonomi antara Amérika Serikat sarta Britania Raya ti taun 1895 dugi ka 1915. Roosevelt miboga peran séntral ngaliwatan hubungan raketna sareng para intelektual sarta politikus Britania, sarta dina karya diplomatikna ngeunaan Terusan Panama. Britania ngabagéakeun Roosevelt, sakumaha katingali dina pasualan wates Alaska. Para diplomat Britania milih sahaluan sareng diplomat Roosevelt pikeun nolak klaim Kanada kana palabuhan sagara anu bakal méré aksés ka tambang emas di Yukon, Kanada. Urang Kanada ngarasa dikhianatan ku Britania anu leuwih milih ngabungahkeun Amérika Serikat. Dina taun 1915–1917, Roosevelt janten pangrojong utama sangkan Amérika milu perang di pihak Britania Raya. Dina Oktober 1916, nalika kampanye pikeun ngéléhkeun Woodrow Wilson, Roosevelt nyempad: {{Blockquote|Sipat Présidén Wilson anu nyingkahan tanggung jawab parantos dibungkus ku frasa anu kacida nyasabkeunana, frasa saurang pecundang, ''Anjeunna ngajaga urang tina perang.'' Padahal saenyana, perang beuki deukeut sarta beuki deukeut... jeung urang nyanghareupanana tanpa kawijakan, rencana, tujuan, atawa persiapan naon waé.{{Sfn|Morris|2010|p=469}}}} ===Sasmita (Schism) di Partéy Républik=== Roosevelt mimitina nyoba ngabentuk Taft sangkan jadi "duplikat" dirina, nanging anjeunna mundur nalika Taft mimiti némbongkeun jati dirina sorangan. Anjeunna ngarasa kasinggung nalika Taft nyebutkeun yén kasuksésanana téh hasil tina bantuan lanceuk kawalona, lain saukur ku Roosevelt. Roosevelt beuki ngarasa pajauh nalika Taft henteu badami sareng anjeunna ngeunaan pangangkatan kabinét.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|pp=665–666}} Roosevelt sarta kaom progresif liana ngarasa teu puas sacara idéologis kana kawijakan konservasi Taft sarta cara anjeunna nungkulan masalah tarif. Roosevelt ngadesek kaom progresif pikeun ngontrol Partéy Républik, sarta nyingkahan sasmita (pepecahan) anu bakal nguntungkeun Démokrat dina taun 1912. Pikeun tujuan éta, Roosevelt sacara publik nyatakeun optimismeu ngeunaan Pamaréntahan Taft saatos pendak sareng présidén dina Juni 1910.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=512–513}} ==== Pacengkadan ngeunaan kakawasaan pangadilan ==== Roosevelt masihan biantara di wilayah Kulon dina ahir usum panas sarta awal usum gugur taun 1910, di dinya anjeunna nyempad pisan kana sistem peradilan nagara. Roosevelt henteu ngan saukur narajang kaputusan [[Mahkamah Agung Amérika Serikat]] taun 1905 dina kasus ''[[Lochner v. New York]]'', nanging anjeunna ogé nuding yén pangadilan féderal parantos ngaruksak démokrasi, bari nyebut para ahli hukum anu dicurigai salaku "hakim-hakim anu geus jadi fosil" (fossilized judges). Anjeunna ngabandingkeun kacenderungan maranéhna pikeun ngabatalkeun undang-undang réformasi progresif jeung kaputusan Hakim [[Roger B. Taney]] dina kasus ''[[Dred Scott v. Sandford]]'' (1857). Pikeun mastikeun konstitusi bener-bener ngabéla kapentingan umum, Roosevelt milu jeung kaom progresif liana nungtut ayana "judicial recall", anu bakal ngidinan sora mayoritas rahayat pikeun nurunkeun hakim tina jabatanna sarta ngabatalkeun kaputusan pangadilan anu teu dipikaresep ku masarakat. Ieu serangan téh matak helok keur Taft. Sanajan sacara pribadi Taft satuju yén kasus ''Lochner'' sarta kaputusan liana téh mémang kurang merenah, anjeunna tetep percaya yén otoritas pangadilan diperlukeun pikeun ngajaga pamaréntahan konstitusional. Kahariwang Taft ieu ogé dirasakeun ku anggota elit komunitas hukum liana, sarta beuki nguatkeun pamadegan Taft yén Roosevelt ulah diidinan deui janten présidén.<ref>Istre, Logan Stagg (2021). "Bench over Ballot". The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era.</ref> ==== "Nasionalisme Anyar" Roosevelt ==== [[File:TR smiling in automobile.tif|thumb|Roosevelt saatosna lungsur tina jabatan dina Oktober 1910]] [[File:Theodore Roosevelt and Archibald Hoxsey (1910).jpg|thumb|Roosevelt sarta pilot [[Archibald Hoxsey]] di [[St. Louis]], Oktober 1910]] Dina Agustus 1910, Roosevelt beuki rongkah dina ngayakeun persaingan ngaliwatan biantarana di [[Osawatomie, Kansas]], anu dianggap biantara paling radikal salami karirna. Ieu janten tanda Roosevelt sacara resmi papisah (pepegatan) sareng Taft sarta kaom Républik konservatif. Ngaliwatan program anu disebutna "**[[Nasionalisme Anyar (Theodore Roosevelt)|Nasionalisme Anyar]]**", Roosevelt nekenkeun yén kapentingan tanaga gawé kudu leuwih diutamakeun batan kapentingan modal, sarta diperlukeun kontrol kana pangbentukan sarta gabungan korporasi. Anjeunna ogé nungtut panyegahan sumbangan politik tina korporasi.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=675}} Nalika mulang ka New York, Roosevelt ngamimitian tarung pikeun ngarebut kontrol partéy Républik nagara bagian ti [[William Barnes Jr.]]. Taft mimitina jangji bakal ngadukung Roosevelt, nanging Roosevelt ngarasa dikhianatan nalika dukungan Taft henteu kabukti dina konvénsi nagara bagian 1910.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=515–516}} Roosevelt milu kampanye pikeun urang Républik dina [[Pamilihan Amérika Serikat 1910]], nanging hasilna urang Démokrat kenging kontrol DPR pikeun munggaranana saprak 1892. Salah sahiji urang Démokrat anu anyar kapilih nyaéta [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] (Sénator nagara bagian New York), anu nyatakeun yén anjeunna ngawakilan kawijakan misan jauhna (Theodore) leuwih hade batan lawan Républikna.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=517}} Para progresif Républik napsirkeun éta kaéléhan salaku alesan kuat pikeun ngayakeun reorganisasi partéy dina taun 1911.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=683}} Sénator [[Robert M. La Follette]] ngahiji sareng Pinchot sarta Gubernur California [[Hiram Johnson]] pikeun ngawangun Liga Républik Progresif Nasional; tujuanana nyaéta pikeun ngancurkeun kakuatan "bosisme" politik di tingkat nagara bagian sarta ngaganti Taft di tingkat nasional.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=518}} Sanajan Roosevelt rada cangcaya kana éta liga, anjeunna tetep ngadukung prinsip-prinsip progresifna. Hubungan Roosevelt jeung Taft ahirna bener-bener pegat saatos Departemén Kaadilan ngajukeun gugatan [[antitrust]] ngalawan [[US Steel]] dina Séptémber 1911; Roosevelt ngarasa dihina sabab anjeunna nyalira anu parantos nyatujuan akuisisi éta pausahaan nalika janten présidén. Nanging, Roosevelt harita tacan kersa nyalonkeun diri ngalawan Taft dina taun 1912; anjeunna leuwih milih ngantosan taun 1916.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|p=519}} ==== Papaséaan sareng Taft ngeunaan perjangjian arbitrase ==== Taft mangrupikeun pamingpin dunya dina urusan arbitrase salaku jaminan perdamaian dunya. Dina 1911, anjeunna sarta Sekretaris Nagara [[Philander C. Knox]] ngayakeun perjangjian sareng Britania sarta Perancis yén sagala pasulayan kudu méréskeun ngaliwatan arbitrase. Nanging, Roosevelt nyaleureukeun arbitrase salaku idéalisme anu konyol, sarta negeskeun yén perang téh mangrupikeun hiji-hijina jalan pikeun méréskeun pasulayan internasional anu serius. Roosevelt gawé bareng jeung sobatna, Sénator Henry Cabot Lodge, pikeun nyelipkeun amandémén anu ngagagalkeun éta perjangjian. Roosevelt sabenerna nuju nyabotaseu jangji kampanye Taft. Dina tingkat anu leuwih jero, Roosevelt yakin yén arbitrase téh solusi anu naif; anjeunna miboga kapercayaan ampir mistis yén perang téh miboga sipat anu mulya pikeun manusa. Hal ieu ngagambarkeun nasionalisme jingoistik Roosevelt anu kacida béda jeung itungan kauntungan ékonomi ti para pangusaha anu ngadukung Taft. === Pamilihan 1912 === {{Main|Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1912}} ==== Primari sarta konvénsi Républik ==== [[File:For Auld Lang Syne - Leonard Raven-Hill.jpg|thumb|Karikatur ''Punch'' dina Méi 1912, ngagambarkeun tarung campuh antara William Howard Taft sarta Roosevelt]] Dina Nopémber 1911, sakelompok urang Républik ti Ohio ngadukung Roosevelt pikeun nominasi présidén ti éta partéy. Roosevelt sacara nyata henteu nolak éta nominasi. Teu lila saatosna, Roosevelt nyarios, "Kuring sabenerna karunya ka Taft... Kuring yakin anjeunna boga niat hadé, nanging niat hadéna téh leuleus, sarta anjeunna teu nyaho carana! Anjeunna pisan teu pantes pikeun mingpin, sarta ieu téh mangsa di mana urang butuh kapamingpinan." Dina Januari 1912, Roosevelt nyatakeun "upami rahayat milih kuring, kuring moal nolak pikeun ngabakti".{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=698}} Roosevelt mimiti ngabayangkeun dirina salaku juru salamet partéy tina kaéléhan dina pamilihan anu bakal datang. Dina Pébruari 1912 di [[Boston]], Roosevelt nyarios, "Kuring bakal nampi nominasi présidén upami ditawarkeun ka kuring".{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=705}} Elihu Root sarta Henry Cabot Lodge nyangka yén pepecahan bakal mawa kaéléhan dina pamilihan, sedengkeun Taft yakin yén anjeunna bakal éléh boh dina primari atanapi dina pamilihan umum.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=706}} Pamilihan primari 1912 mangrupikeun pamakéan munggaran [[Primari présidén Amérika Serikat|primari présidén]] sacara lega, hasil réformasi ti gerakan progresif. [[Primari présidén Partéy Républik 1912|Primari Républik]] di wilayah Kidul dimeunangkeun ku Taft, kitu ogé New York, Indiana, Michigan, Kentucky, sarta Massachusetts. Samentara éta, Roosevelt meunang di Illinois, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, California, Maryland, Ohio, sarta Pennsylvania. Dina [[Konvénsi Nasional Républik 1912]] di Chicago, Taft kenging nominasi dina sora munggaran.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=524–526}} Roosevelt yakin yén nominasi éta parantos dipaling ti dirina. Anjeunna nyarios ka para pangrojongna yén aya "masalah moral anu gedé" anu nuju dipertaruhkeun. Roosevelt mungkas biantarana ku nyarios: "Teu sieun ku mangsa ka hareup; teu maliré kana nasib urang masing-masing; kalayan haté anu tegep sarta panon anu awas; urang nangtung di Armageddon, sarta urang tarung demi Gusti!" ==== Partéy Progresif (Bull Moose) ==== {{See also|Nasionalisme Anyar (Theodore Roosevelt)|Partéy Bull Moose}} [[File:Perkins-pinchot.JPG|thumb|Karikatur taun 1912 anu ngagambarkeun rebutan kontrol Partéy Progresif antara George Perkins (kénca) sarta Amos Pinchot]] Nalika kaéléhanana geus katingali, Roosevelt ngumumkeun yén anjeunna bakal "nampi nominasi progresif dina platform progresif sarta kuring bakal tarung nepi ka ahir, boh meunang boh éléh". Roosevelt méré ramalan, "Rasaan kuring mah urang Démokrat bakal meunang upami maranéhna nyalonkeun tokoh anu progresif".{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=717}} Roosevelt ahirna kaluar ti Partéy Républik sarta ngadegkeun **Partéy Progresif** (nu kawentar ku landihan Partéy **Bull Moose**).{{sfn|Miller|1992|p=526}} Kapamingpinan partéy anyar ieu ngawengku rupa-rupa tokoh réformis. [[Jane Addams]] kampanye satékah polah pikeun ieu partéy salaku taratas réformasi sosial. [[Gifford Pinchot]] ngawakilan kaom lingkungan, sedengkeun pangusaha [[Frank Munsey]] sarta bankir Wall Street [[George Walbridge Perkins]] nyadiakeun dukungan dana. Gubernur [[Hiram Johnson]] ngontrol partéy di California sarta diangkat janten calon wakil présidén Roosevelt. Platform Roosevelt nyuuarakeun usulan radikalna taun 1907–1908, nungtut campur tangan pamaréntah anu kuat pikeun nangtayungan rahayat tina kapentingan pribadi anu sarakah: {{blockquote|Ngancurkeun Pamaréntahan siluman ieu, ngabubarkeun **[[wikt:unholy alliance|aliansi jahat]]** antara bisnis anu korup sarta politik anu korup, nyaéta tugas munggaran pikeun nagarawan mangsa ayeuna. Nagara ieu milik rahayat. Sumber dayana, bisnisna, hukumna, sarta lembagana kudu dimangpaatkeun, dijaga, atanapi dirobah ku cara naon waé anu panghadéna pikeun kapentingan umum.}} Sanajan loba aktivis Partéy Progresif di Kalér anu nolak leungitna hak-hak sipil warga kulit hideung, Roosevelt ngajalankeun kampanye "**lily-white**" (ngan pikeun urang bodas) di wilayah Kidul. Nalika delegasi saingan antara urang bodas sarta urang hideung ti nagara bagian Kidul datang ka konvénsi, Roosevelt milih pikeun narima delegasi anu ngan urang bodas wungkul. Akibatna, anjeunna kenging sora anu sakedik pisan di luar basis tradisional Républik. Ti 1.100 county di wilayah Kidul, Roosevelt ngan meunang di sababaraha tempat sarta henteu meunang pisan di Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, atanapi South Carolina. [[Walungan Amazon]]. Walungan Duvida sababaraha waktu saatosna dingaranan deui janten [[Walungan Roosevelt]]. Rombongan Roosevelt ngawengku putrana, [[Kermit Roosevelt]], Kolonél Rondon, ahli alam [[George Kruck Cherrie]], Léttnan Brasil João Lira, dokter tim José Antonio Cajazeira, sarta 16 tukang dayung jeung kuli angkut anu parigel.<ref>{{Cite wikisource |last=Roosevelt |first=Theodore |date=1914 |chapter=The Start |title=Through the Brazilian Wilderness}}</ref> Ékspédisi awal dimimitian kalayan pinuh ku bangbaluh dina 9 Désémber 1913, di puncak usum hujan. Perjalanan nyusur Walungan Duvida dimimitian dina 27 Pébruari 1914.{{sfn|Millard|2009|pp=267–270}} Roosevelt nampi tatu leutik dina sukuna saatos anjeunna luncat pikeun nyoba nyegah parahu sangkan teu nempuh batu. Nanging, éta tatu luar téh teu lila langsung nyababkeun anjeunna katarajang [[panyakit tropis]] anu mirip jeung [[malaria]] anu kantos katarajang ku anjeunna nalika di Kuba.<ref name="oimjjac">{{Cite book |last=Marx |first=Rudolph |title=The Health of The President: Theodore Roosevelt |date=October 31, 2011 |publisher=Health guidance}}</ref> Éta inféksi ngaleuleuskeun Roosevelt sakitu rongkahna dugi ka dina minggu kagenep, anjeunna kedah dirawat sacara maneuh ku dokter ékspédisi sarta Kermit. Nalika éta, anjeunna parantos teu tiasa leumpang alatan inféksi sarta tatu lami dina suku nu hiji deui akibat [[Kacilakaan Trém Pittsfield 1902|kacilakaan lalu lintas]] sapuluh taun sateuacanna. Roosevelt nandang nyeri dada sarta panas awakna naék dugi ka **39°C**, anu ngajadikeun anjeunna ngalindur (delirious). Ku margi nganggap kaayaanana janten ancaman pikeun kasalametan romongan liana, Roosevelt maksa sangkan anjeunna ditinggalkeun baé supados ékspédisi anu kirang bekel éta tiasa terus jalan, malah anjeunna parantos nyiapkeun diri pikeun maéhan manéh ku [[morfin]]. Ngan saukur panyambat ti putrana anu hasil ngayakinkeun anjeunna sangkan kersa neraskeun perjalanan.{{sfn|Millard|2009|pp=267–270}} Sanajan kaayaan Roosevelt beuki parah sarta beurat awakna turun nepi ka **23 kg**, Rondon tetep ngalaunkeun léngkah perjalanan demi kaperluan nyieun peta, anu merlukeun eureun sacara rutin pikeun nangtukeun posisi dumasar kana panonpoé. Nalika Roosevelt mulang ka New York, babaturan sarta kulawargana kacida reuwasna ningali parobahan fisik sarta kacapéanana. Roosevelt nyerat ka sobatna, anu sigana mangrupikeun ramalan, yén éta lalampahan parantos motong umur hirupna sapuluh taun. Salami sésa hirupna anu kantun sababaraha taun deui, anjeunna sering kanceuh ku malaria sarta bareuh suku anu kacida parahna dugi ka kedah dioperasi.{{Sfn|Thayer|1919|pp=4–7}} Sateuacan Roosevelt nepi ka bumi, para kritikus parantos cangcaya kana klaimna yén anjeunna parantos ngajajah sarta nyusur walungan sapanjang **1.000 km** anu bener-bener tacan aya dina peta. Saatos jagjag deui, anjeunna masihan guaran dina hiji konvénsi anu diayakeun di Washington ku [[National Geographic Society]] sarta hasil ngabuktikeun yén klaimna téh bener.{{sfn|Millard|2009|pp=267–270}} ===Taun-taun pamungkas=== {{See also|Relawan Perang Dunya I Roosevelt}} [[File:TheodoreRooseveltportrait.jpg|thumb|Roosevelt {{circa}} 1914–1918]] Roosevelt mulang ka AS dina Méi 1914. Sanajan anjeunna ngarasa ambek ku ayana perjangjian pamaréntahan Wilson anu nyatakeun "kaduhung anu jero" (sincere regret) kana cara AS meunangkeun [[Zona Terusan Panama]], anjeunna tetep kataji ku sababaraha réformasi anu diluluskeun. Roosevelt milu kampanye pikeun Partéy Progresif, nanging [[Pamilihan Amérika Serikat 1914|pamilihan 1914]] janten musibah pikeun éta partéy katilu anu nembé ngadeg téh.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=539–540}} Roosevelt mimiti ngabayangkeun kampanye présidén deui, ayeuna mah salaku pamingpin Partéy Républik, nanging para pamingpin konservatif partéy tetep nolak anjeunna.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=548–549}} Kalayan harepan bisa ngayakeun nominasi babarengan, Partéy Progresif ngajadwalkeun konvénsina bareng jeung [[Konvénsi Nasional Républik 1916]]. Nalika Républik milih Charles Evans Hughes, Roosevelt nolak nominasi Progresif sarta ngadesek para pangrojongna sangkan ngadukung calon Républik.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=550–551}} Sanajan Roosevelt parantos lami teu resep ka Hughes, anjeunna leuwih teu resep deui ka Wilson, sarta antukna kampanye satékah polah pikeun Hughes. Nanging, Wilson kenging deui dina [[Pamilihan présidén Amérika Serikat 1916|pamilihan 1916]] ku sora anu tipis pisan.{{Sfn|Miller|1992|pp=552–553}} Partéy Progresif ahirna bubar, sarta Roosevelt bareng jeung para pangrojongna asup deui ka Partéy Républik. ====Perang Dunya I==== Nalika Perang Dunya Kahiji dimimitian dina taun 1914, Roosevelt sacara kuat ngadukung pihak [[Sekutu Perang Dunya I|Sekutu]] sarta nungtut kawijakan anu leuwih keras ka Jérman, utamana ngeunaan perang kapal selam. Roosevelt nyempad pisan kana kawijakan luar nagri Wilson, nyebutna salaku kagagalan dina nyanghareupan [[Kakejaman di bélgia|kakejaman di bélgia]] sarta palanggaran hak-hak Amérika.{{sfn|Brands|1997|pp=749–751, 806–809}} Dina taun 1916, Roosevelt terus-terusan nyempad warga Amérika katurunan Irlandia sarta Jérman anu disebutna teu patriotik; anjeunna negeskeun yén hiji jalma kudu jadi 100% urang Amérika, lain "**[[hyphenated American]]**" (urang Amérika nu miboga tanda sambung/dua kasatiaan). Dina Maret 1917, Kongrés masihan wewenang ka Roosevelt pikeun ngawangun maksimal opat divisi anu sarupa jeung [[Rough Riders]]. Nanging, Présidén Wilson ngumumkeun ka pers yén anjeunna moal ngirim Roosevelt sarta para relawanna ka Perancis, tapi bakal ngirim Pasukan Ekspedisi Amérika di handapeun paréntah Jenderal [[John J. Pershing]]. Roosevelt henteu kantos ngahampura Wilson pikeun hal ieu. Putra bungsu Roosevelt, [[Quentin Roosevelt]], saurang pilot di Perancis, gugur saatos pesawatna ditémbak ragrag di tukangeun garis pertahanan Jérman dina 14 Juli 1918 dina yuswa 20 taun. Roosevelt henteu kantos leres-leres jagjag deui saatos kaleungitan putrana éta.{{sfn|Dalton|2002|p=507}} ====Liga Bangsa-Bangsa==== Roosevelt mangrupikeun salah sahiji pangrojong awal tina sawangan modérn yén diperlukeun ayana tatanan dunya global. Dina biantara nampi Nobel taun 1910, anjeunna nyarios, "bakal janten hiji léngkah anu hébat upami kakuatan-kakuatan dunya anu jujur hoyong daméy ngawangun hiji Liga Perdamaian, lain saukur pikeun ngajaga perdamaian di antara maranéhna, tapi ogé pikeun nyegah, ku kakuatan upami diperyogikeun, jalma lian anu nyoba ngaruksak éta perdamaian."{{Sfn|Pringle|1931|p=519}} Nalika Perang Dunya I peupeus, Roosevelt ngusulkeun "Liga Dunya pikeun Perdamaian anu Bener" dina Séptémber 1914, anu bakal ngajaga kadaulatan nanging ngawatesan pakarang sarta merlukeun arbitrase. Anjeunna nambihan yén kudu aya "jangji suci yén upami aya nagara anu nolak nuturkeun kaputusan pangadilan kasebut, maka nagara lianna kudu nyabut pedang (perang) demi perdamaian sarta kaadilan." Dina taun 1915, anjeunna ngajéntrékeun rencana ieu leuwih spésifik. Sanajan Roosevelt miboga kahariwang ngeunaan dampakna kana kadaulatan Amérika Serikat, anjeunna negeskeun yén liga saperti kitu ngan bakal jalan upami Amérika Serikat milu salaku salah sahiji "penjamin babarengan". Dina taun 1918, Wilson ngembangkeun rencanana sorangan pikeun [[Liga Bangsa-Bangsa]] anu béda, anu ahirna jadi kanyataan dina [[Konférénsi Perdamaian Paris (1919–1920)|Konférénsi Perdamaian Paris]]. Roosevelt nyempad cara Wilson, nanging anjeunna pupus sateuacan rencana éta disatujuan di Paris. Carita-carita éta disebut ku anjeunna salaku "**yellow journalism of the woods**" (jurnalisme konéng ti leuweung). Présidén nyalira anu ngapopulérkeun istilah négatif "**nature faker**" pikeun ngagambarkeun para panulis anu ngagambarkeun sato-sato dina caritana kalayan sipat manusa (antropomorfisme) anu kaleuleuwihi. == Karakter sarta kapercayaan == [[File:SagamoreHill.JPG|thumb|[[Sagamore Hill]], bumi milik Roosevelt di [[Long Island]]]] Sarjana Britania [[Marcus Cunliffe]] ngaévaluasi argumén liberal yén Roosevelt téh saurang oportunis, éksibisionis, sarta impérialis. Nanging, Cunliffe muji kamampuh Roosevelt anu sarwa bisa, rasa hormatna kana hukum, sarta sipat ihlasna. Anjeunna boga pamadegan yén kawijakan luar nagri Roosevelt téh leuwih hadé batan naon anu dituduhkeun ku para pangritikna. Cunliffe nyebut anjeunna "jalma gedé dina sagala rupa widang".{{sfn|Cunliffe|1955}} Roosevelt mangrupikeun saurang [[Fréémasion]] sarta anggota [[Sons of the American Revolution]] (Putra Révolusi Amérika). Anjeunna ogé anggota [[The Explorers Club]]. Roosevelt miboga minat saumur hirup pikeun ngajalankeun naon anu disebut ku anjeunna dina biantara taun 1899 salaku "**[[The Strenuous Life]]**" (Hirup anu Giat). Pikeun tujuan ieu, anjeunna rutin olahraga sarta miluan tinju, ténis, hiking, ngadayung, polo, sarta nunggang kuda. Nalika janten gubernur New York, anjeunna tinju sareng batur latihan sababaraha kali saminggu, hiji kabiasaan anu diteruskeun nalika janten présidén dugi ka beungeutna ditéwel sakitu tarikna nepi ka panon kencana janten lolong (fakta ieu tacan dibuka ka publik dugi ka sababaraha taun saatosna). Roosevelt ogé mimiti percaya kana mangpaat latihan **jiu-jitsu** saatos latihan sareng [[Yamashita Yoshitsugu]]. Hariwang yén AS bakal kaleungitan kakuatan militérna ku kakuatan anyar saperti Jepang, Roosevelt mimiti ngajurung latihan jiu-jitsu pikeun para prajurit Amérika. Roosevelt ogé saurang pamaén **singlestick** (tarung iteuk) anu sumanget; dumasar kana ''[[Harper's Weekly]]'', anjeunna kantos sumping ka resépsi Imah Bodas kalayan leungeun anu dibébéd saatos tarung sareng Jenderal [[Leonard Wood]] dina taun 1905. [[File:1905 cartoon Theodore Roosevelt first and war first in peace.jpg|thumb|"The Man of the Hour", ngagambarkeun Roosevelt salaku prajurit dina 1898 sarta juru daméy dina 1905, méréskeun perang antara [[Rusia]] sarta [[Jepang]]]] Para sejarawan sering nekenkeun kana sisi Roosevelt salaku sosok prajurit (warrior persona). Richard D. White Jr nyatakeun yén "sumanget prajurit Roosevelt mangaruhan sawanganana kana politik nasional sarta hubungan internasional." Anjeunna nyandak posisi agrésif ngeunaan perang sareng Spanyol dina 1898, [[Sajarah Terusan Panama|Kolombia dina 1903]], sarta utamana sareng Jérman tina taun 1915 dugi ka 1917. Salaku démonstrasi kakuatan laut Amérika, anjeunna ngirimkeun "**[[Great White Fleet]]**" (Armada Bodas Besar) pikeun kuriling dunya dina 1907–1909. Anjeunna agul dina otobiografina: {{blockquote|Nalika kuring lungsur tina korsi Kaprésidénan, kuring parantos ngaréngsékeun tujuh satengah taun pamaréntahan, di mana teu aya hiji-hiji acan pélor anu ditémbakkeun ka musuh luar nagri. Urang aya dina kaayaan daméy anu mutlak... Pelayaran armada tempur sanés mangrupikeun sabab anu saeutik anu mastikeun kaayaan daméy sapertos kitu.{{sfn|Roosevelt|1913|p=602}}}} Nanging, sejarawan [[Howard K. Beale]] boga pamadegan: {{blockquote|Anjeunna sarta réjangna ampir milarian perang demi perang éta sorangan. Teu nyaho kana perang modérn, Roosevelt ngaromantisasi perang... Pikeun anjeunna, aya hal anu matak bosen sarta kurang jalu (effeminate) ngeunaan perdamaian... Anjeunna agul ku perang, sumanget ku sajarah militér, sarta nempatkeun kualitas tempur dina tingkat anu luhur dina ajén-inajénna.{{sfn|Beale|1956|p=48}}}} Roosevelt sering muji paripolah moral nanging sigana tara kantos sacara kabuka nyatakeun kapercayaan spiritual pribadina. Saatos pupusna pamajikanana dina taun 1884, anjeunna ampir tara nyabit-nyabit nami Yesus boh sacara publik atanapi pribadi. Roosevelt sacara publik ngajurung jalma sangkan rajin ka garéja, sarta anjeunna nyalira mangrupikeun jamaah anu taat ti **Garéja Réformasi Walanda**. Nalika aturan jatah béngsin lumaku salami Perang Dunya Kahiji, anjeunna kersa mapay tilu mil (kira-kira 4,8 km) ti bumina ka garéja lokal sarta balik deui ka bumi, sanajan saatos ngalaman operasi anu serius. Nurutkeun Christian Reisner, "Agama téh geus jadi hal anu alami keur Mr. Roosevelt kawas narik napas". Dina biantara di Long Island Bible Society dina taun 1901, Roosevelt nyatakeun yén: {{blockquote|Ampir unggal jalma anu ngaliwatan karya hirupna parantos nambihan hasil anu dibanggakeun ku manusa, parantos dumasar kana karya hirupna sabagian ageung tina ajaran Alkitab... Di antara jalma-jalma panghébatna, jumlah anu kacida lobana nyaéta jalma anu rajin sarta diajar Alkitab sacara langsung.{{sfn|Reisner|1922|p=306}}}} == Posisi politik == {{Main|Posisi politik Theodore Roosevelt}} Nalika janten présidén, Roosevelt ngayakeun deui kapercayaan para [[Konservatisme fiskal|konservatif fiskal]] ku nyatakeun yén "mékanisme bisnis modérn téh sakitu hipuna nepi ka urang kudu ati-ati pisan sangkan teu ngaganggu éta mékanisme ku sumangat kabodoan."{{Sfn|Leuchtenburg|2015|pp=30–31}} Taun saatosna, Roosevelt negeskeun kamerdékaan présidén tina kapentingan bisnis ku cara nolak ngahijina pausahaan anu ngawangun [[Northern Securities Company]]. Loba jalma anu reuwas yén aya présidén anu wani nangtang bankir kawentar [[J.P. Morgan]].{{Sfn|Leuchtenburg|2015|pp=32–33}} Dina dua taun pamungkasna salaku présidén, Roosevelt beuki teu percaya ka "**big business**" (bisnis skala raksasa). Roosevelt nyoba ngaganti lingkungan ékonomi ''[[laissez-faire]]'' abad ka-19 ku modél ékonomi anyar di mana pamaréntah féderal miboga peran pangaturan anu leuwih badag. Ieu mangrupikeun inti tina idéologi politikna, nyaéta **konservatisme progresif**. Anjeunna hariwang yén upami kabeungharan henteu dibagikeun sacara adil tina kelas luhur, nagara bakal murag ka leungeun kaom radikal atanapi révolusi.{{Sfn|Morris|2001|pp=430–431}} Program domestikna, "**[[Square Deal]]**", miboga tilu tujuan utama: konservasi sumber daya alam, kontrol korporasi, sarta panyalindungan konsumén. === Sawangan kawijakan luar nagri === Dina analisis [[Henry Kissinger]], Roosevelt mangrupikeun présidén munggaran anu ngamekarkeun padoman yén Amérika Serikat miboga kawajiban pikeun némbongkeun kakuatan sarta pangaruhna sacara global. Roosevelt nolak modél nagara anu ngan saukur pasif. Salaku jalma anu dididik dina widang biologi, anjeunna mangrupikeun saurang "**social Darwinist**" anu percaya kana konsép ''survival of the fittest'' (sing saha nu kuat, nya manéhna nu salamet).{{Sfn|Kissinger|1994|pp=38–40}} Roosevelt mangrupikeun saurang **réalis** dina kawijakan luar nagrina. Anjeunna nyaleureukeun téma-téma idéalis liberal anu dipromosikeun ku tokoh saperti Woodrow Wilson. Kissinger nyebutkeun yén Roosevelt nolak éféktivitas hukum internasional; anjeunna boga pamadegan yén upami hiji nagara teu tiasa nangtayungan kapentinganana sorangan, komunitas internasional moal tiasa nulungan loba. Pikeun Roosevelt, perdamaian anu henteu didukung ku kakuatan téh sarua jahatna jeung kakuatan anu dipaké tanpa kabeneran.{{Sfn|Kissinger|1994|p=40}} == Warisan == Para sejarawan méré kiridit ka Roosevelt pikeun parobahan sistem politik nagara ku cara nempatkeun jabatan présidén salaku puseur perhatian ("[[bully pulpit]]") sarta nekenkeun kana karakter pribadi. Hasil gawéna ngawengku pangancuran monopoli (trust busting) sarta konservasi lingkungan. Anjeunna dianggap pahlawan ku kaom liberal sarta progresif alatan usulan awalna ngeunaan nagara karaharjaan (welfare state), réformasi tanaga gawé, sarta démokrasi langsung. Kaom konservatif sarta nasionalis ogé ngahormatan anjeunna alatan komitmenna kana hukum, katertiban, sarta ajén-inajén militér. Dalton nyatakeun yén ayeuna Roosevelt diaku salaku arsiték tina kaprésidénan modérn.{{Sfn|Dalton|2002|pp=4–5}} Sajaba ti éta, Roosevelt rutin nempatan réngking lima luhur dina daptar présidén Amérika Serikat anu panghadéna nurutkeun para ahli sajarah. === Persona sarta maskulinitas === Roosevelt diinget salaku salah sahiji kapribadian anu paling narik dina sajarah Amérika. Babaturanana, sejarawan Henry Adams, nyebutkeun yén Roosevelt téh "murni aksi" (pure act). Dalton nekenkeun kana gaya hirupna anu giat (strenuous life), sedengkeun Brands nyebut anjeunna salaku "kaom romantis terakhir" anu percaya yén kawani fisik mangrupikeun kautamaan anu pangluhurna.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=x}} Téma maskulinitas (sipat lalaki) Amérika ogé janten puseur tina gambaran Roosevelt. Anjeunna sering ngingetan yén lalaki ulah teuing léléda sarta kudu némbongkeun kakuatan maskulinna. Roosevelt ngamajukeun olahraga kompetitif pikeun nguatkeun fisik lalaki Amérika sarta ngadukung organisasi saperti **Boy Scouts** (Pramuka) pikeun ngawangun karakter budak lalaki Amérika sangkan jadi kuat. [[Minor Planet Center]] dina 8 Nopémber 2019 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 118221}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">"MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center.</ref> [[Robert Peary]] ogé méré ngaran [[Pagunungan Roosevelt]] sarta [[Tanah Roosevelt]] dumasar kana ngaran anjeunna.<ref>Bart, Sheldon. "Race to the Top of the World". Scribd.</ref> Roosevelt ogé parantos ditémbongkeun dina sababaraha film sarta sérial tipi saperti ''[[Brighty of the Grand Canyon]]'', ''[[The Wind and the Lion]]'', ''[[Rough Riders (film)|Rough Riders]]'', ''[[My Friend Flicka (sérial TV)|My Friend Flicka]]'',<ref>Classic Television Archives. "My Friend Flicka".</ref> sarta ''[[Law of the Plainsman]]''. Aktor [[Robin Williams]] méré rupa pikeun Roosevelt dina wangun [[manekin]] lilin anu bisa hirup dina film ''[[Night at the Museum]]'' sarta sekuelna.{{sfn|Cullinane|2017}}<ref>Chi, Paul (2014). "Ben Stiller, 'Night at the Museum' Cast Honor Robin Williams". Variety.</ref> Roosevelt ogé janten pamingpin peradaban Amérika dina gim vidéo ''[[Civilization VI]]''.<ref>Gurwin, Gabe (2016). "Teddy Roosevelt will kill you with culture in 'Civilization VI'". Digital Trends.</ref> Ti mimiti taun 1965, [[Al Sheehan]] mroduksi acara musik taunan ngeunaan [[sajarah North Dakota]] anu dipidangkeun dina [[Medora Musical]], anu di jerona aya pintonan sosok Roosevelt nalika di wilayah [[Badlands]].<ref>Kvamme, Thomas A. (2003). "Wollan is mastermind behind Medora Musical". Williston Herald.</ref> Salami 80 taun, [[Patung Theodore Roosevelt Nunggang Kuda (New York City)|hiji patung Roosevelt nunggang kuda]], anu di gigireunana aya sosok [[Indian Amérika]] sarta saurang [[Amérika Afrika]], nangtung di hareupeun [[Museum Sejarah Alam Amerika]] di New York. Dina taun 2022, saatos mangtaun-taun ayana desakan ti para aktivis, éta patung ahirna dimumut (dipiceun). Présidén muséum, [[Ellen V. Futter]], nyatakeun yén ieu kaputusan sanés mangrupikeun panghukuman ka Roosevelt sacara pribadi, nanging dumasar kana "komposisi hiérarkis" (undak-usuk kakuatan) anu ditémbongkeun ku éta patung.<ref>Sutton, Benjamin (2022). "Controversial statue of Theodore Roosevelt removed". The Art Newspaper.</ref> === Média audiovisuall === Roosevelt mangrupikeun salah sahiji présidén munggaran anu sorana dirékam pikeun sajarah. Sababaraha rékaman biantarana masih kénéh aya dugi ka ayeuna. Hiji rékaman sora taun 1912 anu judulna ''The Right of the People to Rule'' (Hak Rahayat pikeun Maréntah), anu ngarékam sora Roosevelt kalayan jéntré pisan pikeun ukuran jaman harita, tiasa diaksés ngaliwatan perpustakaan [[Universitas Nagara Bagian Michigan]]. Klip audio kasebut ngawengku pamadeganana dina ngabéla Partéy Progresif dina taun 1912, di dinya anjeunna nyatakeun yén éta partéy téh mangrupikeun "partéyna rahayat" – béda pisan jeung partéy-partéy gedé lianna. {{multiple image | align = center | width = 300 | image1 = Teddy Roosevelt, San Francisco, 1903.ogg | caption1 = Parade pikeun barudak sakola di [[Van Ness Avenue]], [[San Francisco]] | image2 = Teddy Roosevelt video montage.ogg | caption2 = Koléksi klip film pondok Theodore Roosevelt }} == Témbongkeun ogé == * [[Sajarah éléktoral Theodore Roosevelt]] * [[Daptar pemburu sato gedé anu kawentar]] * [[Daptar présidén Amérika Serikat]] * [[Boneka Teddy bear]] (anu dingaranan dumasar kana landihan anjeunna) * [[Perpustakaan Digital Theodore Roosevelt]] * {{cite web | last = Roosevelt | first = Theodore | title = Theodore Roosevelt Association Cyclopedia | orig-date = 1941| url=https://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=991271&module_id=339179 | date=1989| edition=Édisi ka-2 nu geus Dirévisi | editor1-last = Hart | editor2-last = Ferleger | editor1-first = Albert Bushnell | editor2-first = Herbert Ronald|ref=none}} * {{cite book | last = Roosevelt | first = Theodore | title = The Selected Letters | year = 2001 | publisher = Cooper Square Press | isbn = 978-0-8154-1126-0| editor-last = Brands | editor-first = HW|url=https://archive.org/details/selectedletterso00roos}} * {{cite book |last=Ruddy|first=Daniel|title=Theodore the Great: Conservative Crusader|publisher=Regnery History |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-62157-441-5}} * {{cite book| last=Samuels| first=Peggy| year=1997| title=Teddy Roosevelt at San Juan: The Making of a President| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1v7PSGbzhDwC| publisher=Texas A&M UP| isbn=978-0-89096-771-3| access-date=17 Oktober 2015}} * {{Cite journal|first=Arnaldo |last=Testi|title=The gender of reform politics: Theodore Roosevelt and the culture of masculinity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_1995-03_81_4/page/1509 |journal=Journal of American History|volume= 81|issue=4 |year=1995|pages=1509–1533|doi=10.2307/2081647 |jstor=2081647}} * {{cite book| last = Thayer| first = William Roscoe| year = 1919| title = Theodore Roosevelt: an intimate biography| url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.168636| publisher = Houghton Mifflin}} * {{cite book | last = Watts | first = Sarah | year = 2003 | title = Rough Rider in the White House: Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Desire| url = https://archive.org/details/roughriderinwhit0000watt |ref=none}} {{refend}} == Tumbu luar == {{Sister project links|wikt=Roosevelt |b=no |n=no |s=Author:Theodore Roosevelt |v=no}} === Organisasi === * [http://www.boone-crockett.org Klub Boone jeung Crockett] * [http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org Asosiasi Theodore Roosevelt] === Perpustakaan sarta koléksi === * [https://www.trlibrary.com/ Perpustakaan Présidén Theodore Roosevelt] Medora, North Dakota. * [http://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/ Puseur Theodore Roosevelt] di [[Universitas Nagara Bagian Dickinson]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180606131421/http://www.hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/houghton/collections/roosevelt.cfm Koléksi Theodore Roosevelt], di [[Perpustakaan Houghton]], Universitas Harvard * [https://guides.loc.gov/theodore-roosevelt-hunting-library Perpustakaan Pangburuan Theodore Roosevelt] di [https://www.loc.gov Perpustakaan Kongrés], Washington, DC. * [http://www.historicjournalism.com/theodore-roosevelt.html Jurnalisme Theodore Roosevelt di Arsip Jurnalisme Amérika] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170814084741/http://www.amnh.org/explore/science-topics/theodore-roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt di Museum Sajarah Alam Amérika] * {{Gutenberg author | id=729}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Theodore Roosevelt}} * {{Librivox author |id=1471}} ===Média=== * [[iarchive:theoroos1912|Theodore Roosevelt Speech Edison Recordings Campaign - 1912]], rekaman audio * {{NYTtopic|people/r/theodore_roosevelt}} * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?151618-1/life-portrait-theodore-roosevelt "Life Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt"], ti [[C-SPAN]] ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]'', 3 Séptémber 1999 * [http://www.c-span.org/video/?165366-1/writings-theodore-roosevelt "Writings of Theodore Roosevelt"] ti [[C-SPAN]] ''[[American Writers: A Journey Through History]]'' * [https://theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=o285073 "The Abyssinian treatment administered to Standard Oil"], nu mana Roosevelt kadéngé ngucapkeun ngaran tukangna ===Nu lianna=== * [http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/ Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt]; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501200726/http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/ |date=May 1, 2021 }} * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/troosevelt/index.html Theodore Roosevelt: A Resource Guide]&nbsp;– [[Library of Congress]] * {{Nobelprize}} {{Theodore Roosevelt}} {{Navboxes |title=Jabatan jeung pangajén |list1= {{s-start}} {{s-par|us-ny-hs}} {{s-bef|before=[[William J. 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Black]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Nomine [[Republican Party (United States)|Parté Républik]] pikeun [[Governor of New York|Gubernur New York]]|years=[[1898 New York state election|1898]]}} {{s-aft|after=[[Benjamin Odell (politician)|Benjamin Odell]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Garret Hobart]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Nomine [[Republican Party (United States)|Parté Républik]] pikeun Wakil Présidén Amérika Serikat|years=[[1900 United States presidential election|1900]]}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles W. Fairbanks]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[William McKinley]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Nomine [[Republican Party (United States)|Parté Républik]] pikeun Présidén Amérika Serikat|years=[[1904 United States presidential election|1904]]}} {{s-aft|after=[[William Howard Taft]]}} {{s-new|party}} {{s-ttl|title=Nomine [[Progressive Party (United States, 1912)|Parté Progrésif]] pikeun Présidén Amérika Serikat|years=[[1912 United States presidential election|1912]]}} {{s-non|reason=Parté bubar}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Frank S. 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Ieu candi mangrupa salah sahiji candi tina bata beureum nu pangnyongcolangna jeung pangpentingna di kawasan Situs Arkéologi Trowulan, nu baheulana mangrupa puseur ibukota Karajaan Majapahit.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://budayajatim.com/objek-cagar-budaya/candi-brahu/|title=Candi Brahu|last=Timur|... 712800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Candi Brahu''' téh mangrupa wangunan suci titinggal purbakala nu perenahna di Dukuh Jambu Mente, Désa Bejijong, Kacamatan Trowulan, Kabupatén Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. Ieu candi mangrupa salah sahiji candi tina bata beureum nu pangnyongcolangna jeung pangpentingna di kawasan Situs Arkéologi Trowulan, nu baheulana mangrupa puseur ibukota Karajaan Majapahit.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://budayajatim.com/objek-cagar-budaya/candi-brahu/|title=Candi Brahu|last=Timur|first=Webadmin BP Kebudayaan Jawa|website=budayajatim.com|language=id|accessdate=2026-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pariwisata.mojokertokab.go.id/|title=Wisata Mojokerto|website=Wisata Mojokerto|language=id|accessdate=2026-09-21}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jatim/wisata/d-8231312/sejarah-lokasi-dan-tips-berwisata-ke-candi-brahu-mojokerto|title=Sejarah, Lokasi dan Tips Berwisata ke Candi Brahu Mojokerto|last=Lusiana|first=Eka Fitria|website=detikjatim|language=id-ID|accessdate=2026-09-21}}</ref> Salaku salah sahiji objék cagar budaya utama di Jawa Wétan, Candi Brahu ayeuna diurus jeung dilestarikeun salaku situs sajarah jeung tempat wisata réligi ogé édukasi.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Sumber rujukan == 4ibhzxpz408mlt9huptabr3ub2u4t9s 712801 712800 2026-09-21T12:13:35Z Pijri Paijar 27067 712801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Candi Brahu''' téh mangrupa wangunan suci titinggal purbakala nu perenahna di Dukuh Jambu Mente, Désa Bejijong, Kacamatan Trowulan, Kabupatén Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. Ieu candi mangrupa salah sahiji candi tina bata beureum nu pangnyongcolangna jeung pangpentingna di kawasan Situs Arkéologi Trowulan, nu baheulana mangrupa puseur ibukota Karajaan Majapahit.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://budayajatim.com/objek-cagar-budaya/candi-brahu/|title=Candi Brahu|last=Timur|first=Webadmin BP Kebudayaan Jawa|website=budayajatim.com|language=id|accessdate=2026-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pariwisata.mojokertokab.go.id/|title=Wisata Mojokerto|website=Wisata Mojokerto|language=id|accessdate=2026-09-21}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jatim/wisata/d-8231312/sejarah-lokasi-dan-tips-berwisata-ke-candi-brahu-mojokerto|title=Sejarah, Lokasi dan Tips Berwisata ke Candi Brahu Mojokerto|last=Lusiana|first=Eka Fitria|website=detikjatim|language=id-ID|accessdate=2026-09-21}}</ref> Salaku salah sahiji objék cagar budaya utama di Jawa Wétan, Candi Brahu ayeuna diurus jeung dilestarikeun salaku situs sajarah jeung tempat wisata réligi ogé édukasi.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Sajarah jeung asal-usul ngaran == Sanajan aya di pusat situs Majapahit, sajarah nyatet yén Candi Brahu dipercaya umurna leuwih kolot batan masa kajayaan Karajaan Majapahit éta sorangan. Dumasar kana analisis Prasasti Alasantan nu angkana taun 861 Saka (939 Maséhi) nu dikaluarkeun ku Raja Mpu Sindok ti Karajaan Mataram Kuno (Medang), dipercaya yén ngaran "Brahu" asalna tina kecap Waharu atawa Wanaru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/1809/indonesia/mojokerto-regency-and-batu-city-java/candi-brahu|title=Candi Brahu, Mojokerto Regency, Java, Indonesia|last=orientalarchitecture.com|website=Asian Architecture|language=EN|accessdate=2026-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jawatimuran.disperpusip.jatimprov.go.id/2012/08/13/candi-brahu/|title=Candi Brahu|website=Pusaka Jawatimuran|language=id|accessdate=2026-09-21}}</ref> Éta kecap ngarujuk kana ngaran hiji wangunan suci kaagamaan (wangunan suci jinah) nu disebutkeun dina éta prasasti. Ku kituna, Candi Brahu dipikira-kira geus diadegkeun ti jaman pamaréntahan Mpu Sindok, saméméh ahirna terus dipaké jeung dipiara dina mangsa Majapahit. == Sumber rujukan == 6dkj2cnn7l1y8dnop71g1r66117hzkf